ML18044A344

Deformation Measurements During Containment Pressure Test.

ML18044A344
Person / Time
Site:	Palisades
Issue date:	10/05/1970
From:	WISS, JANNEY, ELSTNER & ASSOCIATES, INC.
To:
Shared Package
ML18044A342	List: ML18044A341 ML18044A343 ML18044A344
References
TASK-03-07.D, TASK-3-7.D, TASK-RR NUDOCS 7912190496
Download: ML18044A344 (35)

Text

w i DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS DURING s

s, CONTAINMENT PRESSURE TEST OF THE J

a n PALISADES NUCLEAR POWER PLANT n

e Y.

E l

s t

n e

r for a

a A

s s

0 c BECHTEL CORPORATION i

a t

e s

by

-~

Co

-J (Jl .

-...../

WISS, JANNEY, ELSTNER AND ASSOCIATES 330 Pfingsten Road Northbrook, Ill. 60062

• October 5, 1970 9365

• DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS DURING CONTAINMENT PRESSURE TEST OF THE PALISADES NUCLEAR POWER PLANT w

i s

s. for J

a BECHTEL CORPORATION n

n e

Y.

E October 5, 1970 1

s t

n e INTRODUCTION _

r a

~ During the period from March 23 to March 31, 1969, the A

s structural integrity investigation and air leakage test were conducted s

0 c

i on the Consumers Power Company nuclear power plant under construction a

t e at Palisades, near South Haven, Michigan *. Wiss, .Janney, Elstner and s

Associates were retained by Bechtel Corporation to design the instru-mentation, instaJJ. the instrumentation, record the measurements, and report the findings for the gross deformations of the secondary con-tai.D1I1ent vessel. of this facility. This report pertains only to that gross deformation phase of the instrumentation program.

Invar wire extensometers were used to measure the gross deformation of the secondary containment vessel during tbe pressure test. These instruments were located entirely inside tbe structure, and were connected to an external power supply and the read-out equip-ment by wiring extending.through penetrations in the cylinder wall.

Each extensometer consisted of an invar wire spanning between selected points, with one end (the "dead" end) fixed in position and the "live"

• 1

• end attached to a spring-loaded frame incorporating a linear potentiometer, the entire system spanning the distance to be mea-sured. The spring and potentiometer arrangement is shown by Fig. 1.

w The springs used were the "Negator" type that apply an i

s essentially constant force independent of extension. The springs s,

J selected applied a force of 15 lbs each, and they were used in pairs a.

n n with a back-to-back mounting to avoid eccentricity. The invar wire e

Y.

E was *1/16 in. in diameter, and the 30 lb load stressed the wire to 1

s t about 10,000 psi.

n e

r The dead end of each wire was secured to an eye-bolt a

a fitted into a small steel plate t.'lat was rigidly secured either by A welding to the liner plate or by concrete anchor bolts. The live end, s

s*

0 c containing the springs and instrumentation, was fitted with a swi~l i

a r:::J t to allow directional adjustment, and was likewise finally secured_p._y e

s C--1.

welding or other means. The wire was attached to the frame through-;a turnbuckle that was adjusted to position the potentiometer at the -.!

desired zero setting (Fig. l).

The potentiometers were the inf'inite resolution type with a total travel of a.bout 1. 3 in. and a. total resistance of a.bout 2, 000 ohms.

The turnbuckles on each frame were adjusted to provide for a.bout 0.3 in.

of shortening and l.O in. of elongation. Current was supplied to the potentiometers by a constant-voltage power supply delivering 1.288 volts through No. 18 2/c cable. The output from the potentiometerha.s

. ~

through a separate circuit of No. 22 3/c cable, and this output waf~l

. 'i[p

. J.1 monitored by a Vidar recorder, incorporating a digital displaymi~i-voJ.tmeter and a punched tape recorder. Readings were taken on thf.1'two

• L___

Turnbuckle Swivel FIGURE l SPRING-LOADED EXTENSOMETER FRAME WITH POTENTIOMETER

• resistance arms of each potentiometer; that is, from the wiper to each of the two ends. The input voltage selected {l.2*58 v) was such that a change in l mv corresponded to a dimensional change of 0.001 in.

w i However, when creep, temperature, and spring*hysteresis corrections s

s, J (described later) have been ma.de, the entire system is found to pro-a n

n duce resUl.ts with an accuracy of  :!' 0.020 in. which is, of course, e

Y.

considerably superior to most systems employing optical techniques.

E l

s Each reading consisted of manua.l recording of the digital t

n e display of each arm of each potentiometer, plus two or three punched r

a tape recordings of the same quantities. Time required for the oanua.1.

~

A readings was about 10 minutes, and each tape record required about s *' .

s 0

c 10 seconds. At one stage of the test, readings were* taken, both with

• i a the Vidar and with a Dymec digital voltmeter. The two agreed within t

e s

tvo millivolts.

LOCATION OF INSTRUMENTS The instrument locations conformed in general. to the loca-tions observed by optical methods employed during post-tensioning, but some deviations from the planned locations were necessary because of operating equipment within ~he structure. The actual field installa-tions ~e described in the following tabulations, and are shown ~

graphically in Figs 2 and 3.

Radial Displacements 176° Meridian (Fig. 2)

Elev. 600 containment wall to concrete support structure 11 Elev. 618 11 11 11

• El.ev.

Elev.

Elev.

El.ev.

Elev.

638 containment wal.l. to concrete support structure 675 span 688 71.l.

739 II II II full diameter II II II II II II 85° Meridian (Fig. 2) w i

s El.ev. 618 buttress to tank T64A s, Elev. 635 II II II J

Elev. 675 span full diameter II a Elev. 688 II "II n Elev. II 711. II II n II II a Elev. 739 Y.

E Vertical Displacements l

s t 176° Meridian (Fig. 2) n e

r Elev. 598 to crane rail support a Crane rail support to spring line a 265° Meridian (Fig. 2)

A s

s 0 Elev. 598 to spring line c

i a Dome Displ.acements t

e s 185° Meridian (Fig. 2) 4 diagonal lines from crane rail. support to dome (not including line from crane rail. to spring line). Lines were approximately equally spaced. Dead ends on dome, active ends on crane rail.. Field measurements were made to determine actual locations.

Equipment Hatch (Fig. 3) 9 lines, dead ends at locations shown by Dwg. c-265, Rev. l.. Active ends of 8 lines on operating fl.oar (Elev. 649) on solid concrete structure (no attach-ments to precast slabs). Active end of 9th line was located in field.

Auxil.ia.ry Measurements *-==>

Three locations were selected in field on the operating fl.oar (Elev. 649) to be used as control measurements for effect of temperature, creep, etc.  :...1 DISCUSSION OF INSTRUMENTATION

• Internal installation of instrumentation offered several important advantages over the previously used optical methods which

.1 I C-739 I s-7as I

i t

. i' e-11 \ c-7ll l

I I

. i 6-688 C-G88 i

II B-G751 ~---------~

V3-2G5° f---.- - - 1 Vl-17G 0 C-G75 I

I OPER. FlOOR.

I ELEV. <04~ *;f C-G38 I

I B-IQ 351 ...

~I I

I I I ..,

s-*Gre C-618 I!

i -

i C-600 II -

CJ

-...J I '~JI I lJ D cl7G 0

• • I I *.

85° MERIDIAN FIG. 2 - LOCATlON OF ~XTE.\-JSOME. TERS PALI 5ADE.~* PLANT MERlD/A}J i

I

~

.i I

I i

I i'

~

i j H- 3W l-l-2W H-f W H-1 'E H*2 E H-3 E.

I - - o - - - o - - --* . -i----'- - ~---..~---o-~- I

I I i I I I Ii I Ii I 1

! 4 1-8° 4 - S . 9'-4 11 i~ *I I FIG. 3 - LOCAT\CN OF EXTENSOME.TE.R~

EQUrPMENT HATCH-PAL\5AOES Pt...1\NT

• employed precise surveying equipment.

were:

The most important of these (l) rapid observation of all measurement stations, (2) inde-pendence of weather conditions during the several days required to w proof-test the contaimnent vessel, and (3) greater accuracy than is i

s s, possible by a:ny optical method thus far used in tests conducted on J

a air leakage tests.

n n

e Y.

Negator Springs E

l s

t As mentioned earlier, the intent was to maintain the invar n

e r

a wires under constant tension by the use of flat-coil springs kilown as a Negators". Laboratory tests have shown that the Negator spring exerts A

s an essentially constant force regardless of amount of elongation. How-s 0

c ever, there is a slight hysteresis in these springs when the direction i

a t

e of movement Changes from elongation to retraction which requires that s

for long wires a correction be applied to the observed displacements.

A typical hysteresis loop is shown by Fig. 4. Tb.e laboratory tests showed that the loss of load in changing from elongation to retraction was l.9 lbs. It will be noted that when elongation was resunied, fol-lowing the retraction, the *original force was again applied to the wire.

All data presented herein have been corrected to account for this hyster-esis for wire lengths in ~xcess of 30 ft, as well as for creep and tem-perature (described later).

Linear Potentiometers --...,

~--- -,

The potentiometers selected were manufactured by Markite"...:i Corporation and were chosen for their excellent adaptability for this

• particular application. The resistance element is a conducting plastic

• ~--1.,.....-,,._,.~---~---=-rr---**--- ~-'---*--***----- *---*___,.---1

. . *-* --------- i ***-* _,.___ \ -*-- ---------<

274__,...........,.,___,,.,.":":.!~-~---*-*\-: ......... ;.-----~---*-*i *-----*- ~

i I*

.l I

I I

II I!

25 -- -- ~- ----~ **-*--*----;*--*+----tl---1 20 --- --- -----

I

---.---****-*---- -~-

;

i .

• --'* -----*1---*--

JO --------*-----.. ---.--**--1----- - - - - -i - - * - I c:-.

5~---'*--- *----------*--**-*...__-----'----~

ca

• I 0--11'-~~+--~--l-~-+--~1 j-~-r-~-t-~---1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 ().S O*' 0.7 a.P DISPl/iCE!.MENT - IN, Fie;; 4 TVP/C IJ. L 1-!tl5TE R..F-S 1S o F £'/. Tf IJSO~IE7i3 R

• with a total resistance of about 2,000 ob.Ins. This element is contacted by a movable wiper, and the sensitivity to movement was found to be better than 0.001 inch. The length of travel is very w

i s close to 1.285 inches for each instrument.

S, J Output voltage was measured by a 3-wire circuit indepen-a n

n dent of the input circuit. Each measurement recorded the voltage e

Y.

between the wiper and each of the two ends of the resistor. If the E

I s total resistance is independent of temperature, humidity, pressure, t

n *1 e or other effects, the sum of the two measurements should be constant I r  !

a a for each gage. This was found to be the case within random varia-A tions of-~ 0.0015 volt (approximately 0.0015").

s s

0 c Random samples of the potentiometers have been calibrated i

a in the laboratory against 0.001-in. dial gages. In each case, the t

e s

calibration of the potentiometers was found to be linear, and agree-ment with the dial gages was within 0.002 inch.

Vidar Data Recorder The Vidar recorder is equipped with a digital display milli-voltmeter .and also a punched tape recorder. Each set of readings involved a complete manual recording from the display unit (two read-ings for each gage) plus two or three tape recordings. Nearly com-plete agreement between the tapes and the display was obtained.

At one stage of the test, the Vidar voltmeter was compared with a Dy?nec Voltmeter for a full set of readings. Excellent agfee-

-.....1

c. .ri ment was obtained.

~

L

........ - '-*- - . . i -

• Control Gages on Operating Floor Three gage lines, 40 ~ long, were installed on the oper-w ating floor. These were considered as "standards", responding to i

s temperature and creep effects of the invar wire but insensitive to S,

J pressure effects. All gage readings (except those having very short a

n n wires) were corrected to account for creep and temperature effects e

Y.

E according to the average change of these three gages, adjusting each l

s correction for the wire length of the particular gage.

t n

e r These standard wires showed a small but rather consistent a

a continuous elongation during the entire test period. The average A elongation at the end of the test (except as noted below) was 0.0172 in.

s s

0 c For an average length of 48o in., this represents a unit length change i

a t of only 35 x 10-6 in/in. Considering that elastic strain due to a e

s stress of 10,000 psi is approximately 500 x 10-6 in/in., the contin-uous elongation can be attributed to creep in the invar wire.

RADIAL DISPLACEMENTS - 85* MERIDIAN The 85* meridian defines a buttress section of the contain-ment structure. Gages B-618 and B-635, as shown by Fig. 2, measured displacements of the containment structure with respect to the clean waste receiver Tank No. T64A. Gages B-675 through B-739 spanned the full diameter of the structure. Radial displacements (one-half of the measured movements for the full-diameter gages) are listed in Table I, for selected representative times and pressure levels. A somewhat r-.-.

more detailed record of these movements is presented in Fig. 5, ~a

• typcial record of movements and corresponding pressure levels.

r_ *I C:J c...r;

TABLE I RADIAL DISPLACEMENT (In.) 85° Meridian 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/30 3/30 3/30 3/31 Date 3/24 3/24 3/24 3/27

- 1550 1950. 2317 0410 0700 1018 1834 0630 Time 0225 0610 0917 o4oo 0910 14 28 45 55 63.3 55 55 28 14 0

~ 10 20 28

~

.018 .034 .072 .090 .107 .104 .097 .087 .o46 -.007 I B-618 .012 .022 .034 I-'

I\)

.030 .o48 .091 .114 .131 .129 .123 .112 .062 .016 I

B-635 .018 .031 .o46

.o48 .055 .010 .082 .oAo .086 .012 B-675 .022

• 025 .034

.o4o .o4o .051 .060 .058 .o64 .ooo B-688 .022 .024 .025

.040 .o44 .060 .010 .068 .073 -.008 B-711 .022 .024 .027

.039 .039 .042 .045 .043 .050 -.002 B-739 .022 .024 .025 o n(.) r*.J J

I :) '

~ *** 1 **I 0I

---

i----*---------~---:-----*----- ------------*---*****-----*-----

E. I. (o 18. I 85° Mt:R\Vlh\.) R.AP\1\L 1)1'S~ ;_f/.;.f°~; ;:::: v;-~**

E.\. fu35. - - 1 I

El \.,::)r '15 * . -----: .I .I - * **' * **0 EL <058 - o -

'E.\. 711 .. - x -

~ I. 739. *-r- .... *-* - - . . **-- -*** . . .. . ...... .' . . -- - .. **- ... ... -**-

i

-~  !

. (/)

n_50. -*-- - ... -----* ---- ---*-****-* ..... *-****-** .... ***--**-* - .... *-* -*- -****** ...... **-****-. . -*. *--

.~ .

• It should be noted that since Gages B-618 and B-635 mea-sured displacements relative to the clean waste tank, they could respond only to beBding or rotation of the cylinder. They will not w record expansion of the cylinder wall related to possible elonga-i s

S, tion of the base slab.

J a

n RADIAL DISPLACEMENTS - 176° MERIDIAN n

e Y.

E The 176

• meridian is located on the cylinder wall midway 1

s /

t between two buttresses. Gages C-600, 618, and 638 (Fig. 2) measured n

e r

displacements with respect to the operating floor supporting structure, a /

a .which was assumed fixed. Gages c-675 through 739 spanned the full A

s diameter of the structure. Data for these gages are presented in s

0 c

i Table II.

a t

e Gage c-600 showed virtually no movement, but again, this s

gage would show only bending, and would not record over-all expan-sion due to possible elongation of the base slab.

The record of Gage C-638 is difficult to explain. It showed an elongation when the pressure was reduced from 28 to 14 psig, and indicated a residual elongation of 0.042 in. at zero pressure. It CJ is probable that the gage was disturbed during the leakage inspeq:-

tion at at 14 psig.

, _:i DOME DISPLACEMENTS *--

As shown by Fig. 2, displacements of the dome were measured along the 185 ° meridian by diagonal lines terminating at the crane rail.

These measurements have been corrected by procedures described previously, for creep and temperature effects indicated by the three operating floor TABLE II RADIAL DISPLACEt~NT (In.) 176° MERIDIAN 3/24 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/28 3/30 3/30 3/30 3/31 Date 3/24 3/24

- 1550 1950 2317 0410 0700 1018 1834 0630 0225 0610 0917 o4oo 0910

~

20 28 14 28 45 55 63.3 55 55 28 14 0

.I?&.8. 10

~

.ooo -.002 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.002 -.001 .ooo -.001 .001 .ooo C-600 .ooo .001

....I

\J1 I

.014 .009 .014 ~040 .o46 .052 .o4B .053 .036 .037 .014 C-618 .006 .010

.024 .032 .034 .062 .067 .073 .073 .o54 .065 .o64 .042 C-638 .009 .016

.026 .o4o .0112 .045 .050 .o48 .055 .010 c-675 .022 .024

.o4o .o46 .050 .054 .052 .059 .003 C-688 .022 .025 .029

.040 .042 .050 .061 .060 .067 -.006 C-711 .022 .024 .025

.025 .040 .o4o .o4o .043 .041 .o48 -.002 C-739 .022 .024 Gnu :~- *..l n lJ

,, 0I

• control gages, and for the spring hysteresis effect as determined by laboratory calibration tests.

The length change indicated for the diagonal wires is, of course, influenced by horizontal movements of the cylinder at the w

i s elevation of the crane rail. Corrections have been made for this S,

J effect, using the average horizontal movements of Gages C-675 and a

n n C-688. Following the adjustments noted above, the corrected diagonal e

Y.

measurements were converted trigonometrically to vertical displace-E 1

s ments of the dome relative to the attachment point, Elev. 700. These t

n e vertical dome displacements are reported in Table III.

r a

a VERTICAL DISPLACEMENTS OF CYLINDER WALL A

s s

0 Instrumentation for vertical growth of the cylinder was c

i a

t installed at two meridians. At Meridian 265 *, a measurement was made e

s from Elev. 598 to Elev. 739. At Meridian 176*, a line was installed from Elev. 598 to Elev. 700 (crane rail), and another from Elev. 700 to Elev. 739. These are designated respectively (see Fig. 2) as V3-265°, Vl-176°, and v2-176*. Table IV shows the vertical displace-ments of the cylinder wall.

DISPLACEMENTS AT EQUIPMENT HATCH Location of measurement points in the vicinity of the equip-ment hatch is shown by Fig. 3. The invar wires from the nine locations were (with one exception) brought down to instrtmlent attachments on a short steel column secured to the operating floor (Elev. 649 ). C-irhe

)

.;::-.

exception referred to is Gage H-3E* In this case, the wire sp~:~

-J I*

I

'i'ABLE III DOME DISPLACEMENTS - VERTICAL COMPONENT (In.)*

Date 3/24 3/24 3/24 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/28 3/30 3/31 Time 0225 0610 0917 0910 1550 1950 2317 0410 0700 0630

~ 10 20 28 28 45 55 63.3 55 55 0 Loe.

I I-'

-.J I

D-1 (Apex) .o4o .068 .098 .092 .187 .213 .238 .230 .227 .007 D-2 .030 .039 .065 .059 .126 .153 .177 .168 .167 -~014 D-3 .027 .032 .040 .050 .080 .100 .115 .110 .115 -.005 D-4 .018 .025 .029 .033 .047 .056 .o64 .060 .063 -.007

• Relative to Elevation 700

TABLE IV VERTICAL DISPLACEr.~s OF CYLINDER (In.)

GAGE LENGTHS: Vl-176°, 102 ~.i V2-176°, 39 ft.; V3-265°, 14lft.

Date 3/24 3/24 3/24 3/27 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/28 3/30 3/31 Time 0225 0610 0917 0910 1550 1950 2317 0410 0700 0630

~ 10 20 28 28 45 55 63.3 55 55 0 I

I-' Loe.

co I

Vl - 176°

• 0116 .047 .049 .063 .069 .071 .075 .073 .083 -.001 V2 - 176° .015 .016 .020 .020 .020 .020 .019 .023 -.002 V3 - 265° .o46 .049 .069 .073 .075 .077 .075 .082 -.010 zc~~Jn:o1

• • ,_i I .

• a radial distance of about 3 ft to a concrete wa1J. based on the operating floor.

The diagonal. measurements of these equipment hatch gages w have been adjusted for temperature and creep as indicated by the i

s S,

operating floor control gages, and have been converted to horizontal J

a components. The equipment hatch displacement data are reported in n

n e

Y. Table v.

E 1 As noted previously Gage H-3E was attached to a concrete s

t n wall by a very short wire, and no corrections were made to the data e

r a recorded by this gage. The circumstance that it appears to fit well

~

into the general pattern of data lends added confidence to the correc-A s

s tions applied to the longer-wire gages.

0 c

i a

t Respectfully submitted, e

s WISS, JANNEY, ELSTNER AND ASSOCIATES

/c7~

J. A* .Hanson Director of Concrete Research J~a.L',.j ~a .i /J1e ,)./,: (!f-H Douglas McHenry JPJI/DM/jc

.. *~-

--..;

..._.-l TABLE V Radial Displacements at Equipment Hatch (in.)

3/24 3/24 3/24 3/27 3121 3/27 3/27 3/28 3/30 3/30 3/30 3/31 Date 0700 1240 1834 0630 Time 0225 0610 0917 0910 1550 1950 2317 OltlO 10 20 28 28 45 55 63.3 55 55 28 14 0 ESi~

12.£.:..

.071 .086 .098 .098 .106 .070 .o64 .~42 H-lE .002 .030 .043 .052 .044 H-2E .002 .009 .017 .035 .051 .069 .083 .082 .088 .012 .056

.038 .051 .059 .083 .100 .113 .115 .120 .* 080 .063 .041 H-3E .023 *./

.015 .031 .044

• 06'2

• 084 . .100 .116 .118 .122 .122 .109 .089 I

H-lW .119 .082 .056 .042

~ H-2W .001 .023 .036 .045 .074 .094 .115 .115 I

.001 .014 .026 .036 .067 .090 .112 .111 .116 .089 .057 .030 H-3W

.oo4 .019 .034 .042 .012 .089 .107 .108 .113 .011 .069 .059 H-T .112 .117 .108 .075 .058 H-2T .001 .013 .030 .043 .011 .086 .114

.028 .051 .* 067 .102 .128 .155 .156 .162 .121 .087 .054 H-3T .006

• 'f01 J. A. Han*on FROM1 Dougla* McRenl')'

w i

s SubJecta Further lnTeatigation* ot S,

!nTar Wire Eztenaometera J

a n

n e

Y. Reports have been tra.n*~itted to the Bechtel Corporation coTer-E 1 ing gros* 4etona&tion mea1ureaent1 during pressure teat* ot the Palisades s

t n &Ild Point Beach Nuclear Pover Plants. In each ca*** it vas noted that e

r f

a turther 1tudi*1 ot the inatrwnentation vere in progre*** Thia memoran-a dum summarizea the statue of auch atudie* to the pnaent time.

A s

s In gener&l. 1 the continued testin~ indicate* that there ia 0

c i

a certainly no reason to au1pect 1UJ.1 important diacrepancy in the data t

e s preaented tor either of the. tvo plant1. Data baTe been reported to one thouaandth ot an inch 1 recognising that the third decimal place ma.y be in error, and that vhen reTerael of direction occurs eTen the second deci~&l. place may be ott by ap~roximatelJ' 0.02 in. HoveTer, it appears tr011 the data that eTen the third place may be aigniticant vith reapect to factor* auch as the creep of' the structure under austained conatant pnuure and other moTem.enta that do not inTOlTe reTeraal ot direction.

PIRS~ LABO:RATORY SER~

In the tir*t serie1 of laboratory te1ta, the *ti.xed" end ot the extenaometer trame {without invar vire) vas attached to a rigid steel traevork about 4 tt. high, and the "tne" end vu attached to non-

-::;-

r-tainer that vas loaded "by carefully controlled amount* ot water.~*:'

• Diaplacements were meuured by the lin~ar potent1cmetera en4 by O.OOl-in.

dial gage*. The torce applied to the apring system vas determined by w

i s weighing, to the nee.re at O. Ol llie, the uiount or vat er that was added s,

J to or remoT*d trom the containe1*.

a n

n Theme test*, conducted on three instrument*, shoveds e

Y.

E

1. Ditterencea in dbJ>lacesent* indicated by the l

s potentiometers a.nd the di&l. gages Yaried trom t

n e zero to about 0.02-in. at 1/2-in. displacement, r

a a with the ditt'erenc11e being lH* tor smaller A displacements.

s s

0 c 2. The torce exerted by the negator springs va*

i a

t essentially const~1t (within 0.20 lb.) when the e

s apring1 were 0.i;lg:extended, and va* likewise conatant tor retra::tion, but the aTerage force tor extension vaa 29 lb and for retraction was 27 lb. The &Ter~!I ditterence has been accepted Thi* has been referred to as th* tree-fall system, for moTement1 and forces vere goTerned by applied loads rather than b7 applied~iaplace-menta. -

Another aystem v&a then **tup to, in ettect, reTerae the~~itua-tion.

SECOliD LA.BOR>.TORY SERIES

• In thia *econd aeries, arrangements were made to appl.3' known displacements (a.a the 1Dtiependeot T&riable) and to :measure correapcinding

• spring tore** (the dependent Tariable), again vitbout inTar vire.

!?be *mae ateel .true vu used., but in this cue the lower end ot w the extenacmeter vaa attached to a 40 lb weight re*ting on the i

s S, plattoz: ot a lever-type weighing *cal*, aensitiTe to 0,01 lb.

J a The upper end vu titted with a threaded rod carrying a raut bearing n

n e againat the top ot the fixed trame. Displacement* vere produced by Y.

E turning the nut, and th*H displacements were aeuured by the poten~

1 s

t tiometer1. The torce exerted by the Negator spring* vas d.etermined n

e r

trom the "apparent" reduction 1:~ veigbt ot the 40 lb, load ae a

a measured b7 the plattorm acale.

A s Re1ult1 trom this 1econd method confirmed the data t'rom the s

0 c

i tirst seriH but permitted 1C1111ewhat greater precision, particularly a

t' e during the period vben directio:a ot movement vu changing trom exter.-

s aioi:i to retracticm, or the reTerae, The force-displacement relation-ship during reTerat.l ot moTement vaa round to be indeterminate, but the beat Talue ot the hyatere*i* force v&s contil'lll.ec .. l.9 lb.

T'.dIRD LABORATORY SERIES In the third series or laboratory teats, the instruments vere attached to 1.nT&r vires that l!lpMned TO tt. vi thin th& 'oue:m.ent of the laboratory building. The 1pring and' potentiometer assemblies were attached to one end or the vire, duplicating tield assembly.

lil* other end vas titted to a threaded rod and nut tor displacement adjwstm.ents, and a dial gage tor measuring displacements. Both_.end a

titting* were rigidl;r secured to the concrete builcling, one to.-a floor elab and one to an end vall.

• SeTeral. te*ta were conducted vith thi* arrangement, and results ot the tvo preTiou1 eer1es were confi!"llled in general. A w rather minor discrepancy has not been tully explained. As noted i

s s, previously, the change in torae from extension to retraction (or J

a the reTerae) bas been accepted ii 1.9 lb. 'l'he vire diameter is n

n e 0.0625 in. end the area is 0.00332-aq. iL, Uaing a modulus o~

Y.

E elasticity tor invar of 20 x 10° psi, the ccrreapond.ing change in 1

s t length ia 0.037-in. per 100 tt, or o. 026-in, tor 70 tt. The n

e r

hysteresis d1tterence ahovn by the 70 tt laboratory teats va.s con-

• a

~ s1stentl)' about o.o4 in.

A s In one of the teats the complete time-pote.ctiometer reoord s

0 c

ot one ot the Pali1adea s&1>** ~as reproduced. The gage 1elected i

a t

e va* D-1, which extended on a dj agonal t:rom the ai;ex of the dome to s

the cr.-ne rail. The field pott:ntiomet_er readings were reproduced in the laboratory in real tillle (requiring about 7 days ot round-the-clock attention) 1 and corresponding displacements were meaaured by a dial gage.

R**ult* ot thi* teat a::"e ahovn by Fig. l. The three labora-toZ'Y' cyclH ahow 'by t.hia tib-u:re repre&ent: f1rat, the initial preaaurization to 28 psig and su.bHquent i*eduction to 14 psig; aeco~d, the repreaaurization to 63.3 paig and reduction to zero; and third a tictitiou1 increaae to determine the closure ot the hystereai* loop. Aa shovn by the draving 1 thia eloaure vas aati1-

. c::i tactory. The points shovn by tria.cglea and aquarea repre1ent the_,-:-

c.:,

field measurement* for gage D-l corrected for the hy1teresia effec~

• -li-

• ot 1.9 lb rorce. These Talues

• e.tter adjusting tor change in diameter at the crane rail, and a.tter converting from a diagonal measurement to w a yertical displacement, correspon~ to the Talues reported in Table III i

s s,

of the Palbad.es report. The nearly exact agreement ot tield and labora-J a to?'Y" values at the ms.xill:.um displacement must be con*idered as fortuitous.

n n

e Y. 'Ihe invar wire of instrwtent D-1 vu 98 tt long* and the hyateresi1 E

1 correction used vas 0.036-ic. For the TO tt wire the correction on the s

t n same basil vould be 0.026-in., or a dHt'erence or 0.01-in.

e r

a In tvo other laboratory testa using the 70 tt vire1, the field a readings of gage D-1 ~ere reproduced in a period of about 24 working A

s s hours. Reaulta a.re ato'lt'tl by Figs. 2 and 3a The date of Figi. 1, 2.

0 c

i and 3 repreaent th"e dH!erent instru.ments and three teat proceduree.

a.

t e

s A COlllp&r~son o! the three 1ho~s agreement within about  !. 0.01-in.

FIELD DATA ON GAGE PERP'O:ru-.J.NCE A.dd.1 tional data re*la.ting to the hysteresis et'!ect e....""e &Yailable trom the Point Beach test, in which the Tesael was pre11uri1ed to 30 psig, held at that level for ~pproxinlately ll hour11 1 Bl'ld then reduced to &tmoepheric presaure. The uncorrected kotentiometer reedings were plotted against pres~ure ~d. gsauming reversibility of the atruetur&l.

r.r.nvements (except for' creep during the si.iai.aine-C. load), indicated tt.e nlues of hysteresis ths.t are plotted le Fig. 4, in wtich the straight line repre£ents, for corresponding vire lengths, the effect' ot a. load reversal of 1. S* lb *

• DMc/b August 28, 1970

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• APPENDIX 3 LABORATORY EVALUATION OF MOUNTED STRAIN GAGES Two steel bars were instrumented with strain gages in accc;irdance with the procedures governing containment liner strain gage installation. The bars were loaded with dead weights to evaluate gage behavior. The bars and test setup are illustrated in Figure A3-1.

Test results are illustrated in Figures A3-2, -3 and-4. Figure A3-2 shows the computed and measured strains to be essentially equal and verifies the manufacturer 1s stated gage factor. Figure A3-3 shows the hysteresis to be on the order of 10 micros train or less when the load is cycled to give.+/-. 250 micros train at the gage.

Figure A3-4 shows creep at the 400 microstrain level to be 10 micros train or less over a 350 minute period. The shapes of the curves extrapolate to 25 microstrain creep at one year for Specimen 1 and essentially zero creep at any time for Specimen 2 .

/Gago 12 11

~:--t-------- 2"---- ,*,,.

To Compensating Gage Strain Indicator~

Gage lead load Test Set-Up Frame Weights FIGURE A3 - I BAR & TEST SETUP

50 Load Lbs.

40 I

§J

/

30 /

v,.......

/~

20

_V "'--Computed Strain

/

10 / X - Specimen No. I .

@> - Specimen No. 2

/

0 /0 100 200 300 400 I6 Strain 10 - IN/IN 0d 0 () . n . ': 0 I

\.) . *.} I FIGURE A3 - 2 LOAD vs MEASURED STRAIN I

20 Load Lbs.

IO vv

-150

-IOO -srv t---------+---------+---------+---------a-------~x---------4---------+-------

-200 0

50 too

......---------+---------t 150 200 vr / -to X - Specimen No. I 8> - Specimen No. 2 1-----...+----~::__--+""lllr----4-----41-------20-f------+---Notes: I

~ "'-- I - Initial Indicated Zero Plots Computed Strain at Origin 1

I I2 - Deviations for Specimen No.

~x.. 2 Increased with Cycle Cou-nt

-30

-6 Strain 10 IN/IN i'i

-} lJ,.

1. J P *:.I 1*J.

<**I I

FIGURE A3 - 3 LOAD vs MEASURED STRAIN

{ f.Yr.I Ir. \

40 30 Change in Indicated Note: Specimens loaded to give Strain Under Load 400 x 10-6 IN/IN Strain 10-6 IN/ IN at Gage.

20 I I I I X - Specimen No. I

@ll - Specimen No. 2

~------_., ____. ,___. ______ ----***------*- ----i-------*---.. . -.,. .

20 30 40 60 80 100 200 300 400 600 800 I I Minutes Under Load

-10 nI) vq t*i

'1 I

', UI FIGURE A3 - 4 CREEP TEST