ML17223A299

Cycle 5 Startup Physics Testing Rept. W/ 890821 Ltr

ML17223A299
Person / Time
Site:	Saint Lucie
Issue date:	08/21/1989
From:	Woody C FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT CO.
To:	NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM)
References
L-89-304, NUDOCS 8908280181
Download: ML17223A299 (19)

Text

gc CELEBRATED D1STRIBUTl 0 EMON STRAT104 SYSTEM REGULRTC INFORMATION DISTRIBUTIONIISTEM (RIDE)

-'ACCESSION NBR;.8908280181 DOC.DATE: 89/08/21 NOTARIZED: NO DOCKET I FACIL:50-389 St. Lucie Plant, Unit 2, Florida Power 6 Light Co. 05000389 AUTH. NAME 'UTHOR AFFILIATION WODDYFC.O. Florida Power a Light Co.

RECIP.NAME RECIPIENT- AFFILIATION Document Control Branch (Document Control Desk)

SUBJECT:

"St Lucie Unit 2,Cycle 5 Startup Physics Testing Rept." W/

890821 ltr.

DISTRIBUTION CODE: IE26D COPIES RECEIVED:LTR t ENCL l SIZE: / 4 TITLE: Startup Report/Refueling Report (per Tech Specs)

NOTES:

RECIPIENT COPIES RECIPIENT COPIES ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL ID CODE/NAME. LTTR ENCL PD2-2 LA 1 0 PD2-2 PD 1 1 h NORRISFJ 2 2 INTERNAL: ACRS 5 5 IRM TECH ADV 1 1 NRR CHATTERTON 1 1 NUDOCS-ABSTRACT 1 1 G 02 1 1 RGN2 FILE Ol 1 1 H2 DRSS/EPRPB 1 1 EXTERNAL: LPDR 1 1 NRC PDR 1 1 NSIC 1 l.

R I

D NOTE 'IO ALL 'KIDS>> RECIPZERIS PIZASE HELP US 'TO REDOCE TATE! CONI'AC1'IHE DXXMWI'2GK)LDESK, KXM Pl-37 (EXT. 20079) K) ELBC2QXR YOUR NAME PBCH DISTRIKTZIQN LISTS FOR DOCUMENIS YOU DOHIT NEZDt TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR 18 ENCL 17

P.O. Box14000, Juno Beach, FL 33408-0420 AUGUST. 2 1 1989 L-89-304 10 CFR 50.36 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Attn: Document Control Desk Washington, D. C. 20555 Gentlemen:

Re: St. Lucie Unit 2 Docket No. 50-389 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort In accordance with Section 6.0, Administrative Controls, viz.,

Sections 6.9.1.1, 6.9.1.2 and 6.9.1.3 of the St. Lucie Unit 2 Technical Specifications, Florida Power & Light Company submits the St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startup Physics Testing Report. Please contact us if there are any questions concerning this submittal.

Very truly yours,

+, d~~

C. O. Woo y Acting Senior Vice President Nuclear COW/MSD/gp Attachment cc: Stewart D. Ebneter, Regional Administrator, Region II, USNRC Senior Resident Inspector, USNRC, St. Lucie Plant 8908280185 890822 PDR ADQCK 0500038'rr P PNU oo fP'roup compoor

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort

I' St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort Table of Contents Section Title I Introduction II Fuel Design/Core Load III Approach to Criticality IV Zero Power Physics Testing V Power Ascension Program VI Summary VII References List of Fi ures Fi ure No. Title 1 Core Load Pattern 2 Inverse Count Rate Ratio Plot Channel 1 3 Inverse Count Rate Ratio Plot Channel 2 4 Boron Concentration vs. Dilution Time 5 Power Distribution 257. Power 6 Power Distribution,507 Power 7 Power Distribution 807 Power 8 Power Distribution 1007. Power List of Tables Table No. Title Cycle' Reload Sub-Batch ID-Approach to Criticality by Dilution CEA Worth Summary

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort I. Introduction

-"The intent of this report is to provide a descriptio'n of the fuel design, core load and a summary of the startup physics testing and power ascension program performed after the completion of the core reload. Performing the startup physics and power ascension testing validates important core parameters (as described in the ANSI standard 19.6.1). The major parts of the testing program are as follows:

1) Initial Criticality

2) Zero Power Physics Testing

3) Power Ascension Testing II. Fuel Desi n/Core Load The Cycle 5 core consists of Combustion Engineering fuel. There are 217 fuel assemblies utilized in the St. Lucie Unit 2 core. The core load for cycl'e 5 consisted of 80 fresh Batch G assemblies, 76 Batch F assemblies, 57 Batch E assemblies, and 4 Batch D assemblies. A further breakdown of distinct sub-batches is contained in Table l.

Two Batch D assemblies (D006, D008), three Batch E assemblies (E013, E004, E037) and two Batch F assemblies (F031, F020) were reconstituted and certified by Combustion Engineering as reusable.

The Batch G assemblies are the first debris resistant design to be used at St. Lucie Unit 2. Debris resistance was achieved by lengthening the lower end cap from 0,641 to 3.370 inches. To accomplish this change and still maintain the active fuel length, the following specific changes were made:

1. The upper plenum length was reduced from 7.858 to 5.829 inches. To maintain plenum volume, the plenum spring was redesigned.

2. The overall length of the fuel rod was increased from 146.199 inches to 146.899 inches.

3. The height of the lower end fitting was reduced by 0.700 inches to compensate for the longer fuel rods and preserve shoulder gap.

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort The region G fuel assemblies preserve the active fuel length, plenum volume, and the 2.147 inch shoulder gap. Batch G assemblies provide increased debris resistance with longer solid lower end caps while still being compatible with other CE assemblies.

The Cycle 5 core loading map is represented in Figure 1. The assembly serial numbers and Control Element Assembly ID numbers are given for each core location.

Following the fuel shuffle and prior to the approach to criticality CEA drop tests were performed. The objective of this t'est was to measure the travel time from the fully withdrawn position (UEL) to the ,907 inserted position under hot full flow conditions, as well as to verify correct operation of the CEA position indication system. The average CEA drop time was found to be 2.74'seconds with a maximum and minumum time of 2.92 seconds and 2.56 seconds respectively, All drop times were within the requirements of Technical Specification 3.1.3.4.

III. A roach to Criticalit The approach to criticality was initiated by diluting from a non-critical Boron concentration of 2022 ppm to a predicted critical Boron concentration of 1659 ppm. Inverse count rate ratio plots were maintained during the dilution process and are shown in Figures 2 & 3. A plot of Boron concentration versus dilution time is provided in Figure 4. Table 2 delineates the dilution rate, initial and final Boron concentrations, and elapsed times.

Initial Criticality for St. Lucie Unit 2 Cycle 5 was achieved at 2225 on April 23, 1989 with CEA Group 5 at 55 inches withdrawn and all other CEAs fully withdrawn.

IV. Zero Power Ph sics Testin The tests performed during the Zero Power Testing Program include:

1. Reactivity Computer Checkout

2. Unrodded Critical Boron Concentration

3. Moderator Temperature Coefficient Measurement

4. CEA worth measurments These tests are performed in accordance with the ANSI standard 19.6.1, including acceptance criteria unless superceded by Technical Specifications.

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph s'ics Testin Re ort There are several checks done to ensure proper functioning of the Reactivity Computer. The Reactor power level/flux is adjusted such that all testing is conducted above the noise level and below the point of adding nuclear heat.

Further verification of the proper operation of the reactivity computer was accomplished through measuring both the positive and negative reactor periods by adding known amounts of positive or negative, reactivity.

C The measured unrodded Critical Boron Concentration was determined to be 1705 ppm. The predicted unrodded Critical 'oron Concentration was 1687 ppm. The measured value was well within the +100 ppm of the prediction acceptance criterion.

The ARO, HZP Moderator Temperature Coefficient was calculated from measured data, to be 3.65 pcm/oF, This satisfies Tech. Spec. 3.1.1.4a. which requires that the MTC shall be less positive than 5 pcm/oF. The measured MTC was also well within the limit'f +2 pcm/oF of the design MTC value of 3.37 pcm/oF.

The Rod Worth measurements were performed employing the Rod Swap methodology.

The integral worth of the Reference Bank, CEA group B, was determined by boration/dilution. The integral worths of the test groups were determined by exchange with the Reference Bank. A comparison of the measured and design CEA group integral worths is provided in Table 3. The following acceptance criteria for rod worth measurements were met.

1. The measured value of each test CEA group worths is within +15K or

+100 pcm of the design worth, whichever is greater.

2. The measured worth of the Reference Group and the total worth for all the CEA groups measured is within +107. of the total design worth.

V. Power Ascension Flux maps from the fixed incore detector systems were used to verify the absence of abnormalities in the core power distribution, peaking factors, and tilt at the 25, 50, 80, and greater than or equal to 98 percent power plateaus.

Nuclear and delta T power calibrations and a manual calorimetric check were performed at each of the power plateaus. A summary of the results of the flux mapping at each power level is given in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re ort VI. ~Summa'll Technical Specifications were satisfied.

VII. References

1. CE Letter F2-CE-R"312, E.L. Trapp to H.A. Barth, dated March 10, 1989

2. CE Letter F2-CE-R-313, E.L. Trapp to H.A. Barth, dated March 17, 1989

3. CE Letter F2-CE-R-320, E.L. Trapp to H.A. Barth, dated May 9, 1989

4. CE Letter F2-CE-R-321, E.L. Trapp to H.A. Barth, dated May 9, 1989

5. St. Lucie Unit 2 Technical Specifications

t St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle Startu Ph sics Testin Re FIGURE 1 St. Lucie Unit 2 Cycle 5 Core Map Y X X Y T 8 R P N II L K J H 6 F E D C 8 A I I I I I I I I I I I E40 E69 E05 E38 20 Esl 601 602 617 F16 818 603 604 E49 29 25 E18 619 F19 FOB F38 F61 F37 Fio F20 620 E10 17 72 87 75 8 E07 621 F18 637 Ei 1 668 E32 639 E06 640 F17 622 E17 85 50 45 49 44 86 17 E52 623 F27 F21 E25 680 F57 670 671 E22 F22 F28 624 E59 16 74 20 61 23 76 28 605 'F23 641 E24 663 F53 643 D006 648 F56 645 E27 646 F24 606 79 39 7 3 34 48 15 607 F03 E12 672 F49 E65 F54 F13 E72 F50 673 E15 F02 608 14 E34 43 22 90 71 95 21 67 E29 13 625 F43 647 F51 644 F59 649 f40 F62 659 F52 652 F44 626 1P E03 38 65 62 46 66 10 78 E70 11 S-l F06 F60 E33 674 0011 F12 F39 E51 F46 F05 0008 675 E36 F65 Fl 1 10 E71 91 il 24 64 56 41 88 Eoi 6 627 F41 653 F73 654 F63 655 F45 F66 657 F74 658 F42 628 S"2 8

42 12 14 18 69 E31 7 609 F15 E19 876 F75 E67 F70 F04 EBB F76 677 E14 F14 810 13 59 84 9 89 58 52 613 F29 651 E21 660 FGB 661 0001 662 F72 642 E23 664 F30 612 32 70 15 73 53 68 EGB 629 F25 F31 E26 678 F67 679 F68 669 E28 F32 F26 630 E50 33 4 57 19 60 6 37 EO6 631 F36 665 E16 666 E35 667 E04 638 F35 632 EOB 93 36 31 35 30 94 E20 633 F33 F07 F48 F64 F47 FOB F34 634 E13 54 5 92 26 63 E55 611 614 635 F01 636 615'16 E45 55 51 E30 E02 E66 E39 INSERT ID 80 BATCH 8 76 BATCH F 57 BATCH E 4 BATCH D

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 artu Ph sics Testin Re ort Figure 2 ICRR PIot Stortup Chonnel 1 O.Q 0.6 0.7 0.8 0J5 OA 04 0,1 20 40 60 NIutlon Tlnw (mlnutee)

Figure 3 ICRR plot Stortup Chonn4 2 O.Q 0Jh 0.7 O.a 04 OA OA OD 0.1 Nylon Tlnw (aQrahes)

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 S rtu Ph sics Testin Re ort Figvre 4 Boron Conoentratfon ve Muthn 11m'0 40 50 Nuthn Time (mhutee)

t St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re or FIGURE 5 Power Distribution 25 Z Power (CECOR/INPAX) Design:

'easured:

Snapshot ID/I C042889 Power level 29.48Z Power level 25.007 Burnup 0.10 EFPH Burnup ., 5.00 EFPH CEA Position 122 CEA POSITION 122

%TILT = .031 0.7533',

0 '270$

FxyT= 1.745 +0 ~ 0263$

34 $

F T 1.684 $

1 2067$ 0 '842$

1 '300$ 0.9660$

F = 2.315 $

',-0 '233',+0.0182',

'420'0 '716,'.0947',

32'3,'

0 8050$ 0 '470$ 1 0830$

1 3292 1

29'0'1',

+0 ~ 0370$ +0 0246$ +0 ~ 0117$

0370 1

~

2968 0 9155

'6'7 1 3190 $

1 ~ 0080 $

1 ~ 3040 $

0 ~ 9060 $

',+0.0102',+0 '290',-0 '072$ +0 ~ 0095',

25 28$

1. 1946 1. 0001 1. 3154 1. 0682

1. 2326 $

1 1580 $

0 9640

~ 1 2950 1 0430

~ 1 2500 21'2

)+0 0366 +0 0361 +0 0204 +0 0252

~

0 0174

~

20 23 "

24$

1 ~ 1249 $

1.2157 $

1.4600 $

0.9841 $

1.2991 $ 0.8127 $

1 1240$ 1 1730$ 1 4440$ 0 9390$ 1 2980$ 0 '320$

',+0 '009',+0 '427',+0 '160',+0 '451I+0 0011,'-0 ~

'193,'4'5'6'7'8'9,'

KEY

~

0 3930

+0 0174

~

80'l'2'3' 4104 $

1 1370 1 2045 1 2148 1 ~ 0740 0 9398 1 1420 1 1920 $

1 1860 0 0050 +0 0125 (+9 0288 +0 ~ 0180 +0 ~ 0238

'564$

0 3530$

0 9946$

0 '880$

1 1 2370$

2762$

1 0560 1

1953$ 0 '310$

1 1970$ 0 9270$

~

0 ~ 9160 $

MEASURED DESIGN

,'DEVIATION(Xi),'

+0 0034 +0 0066 +0 0 392

~

~

~

0 ~ 00 1 7 +0 0040

~

5'

$ 0.3243$ 0.3452$

0 3070$ 0 '310$

+0 0173$ +0 0142$

~ ~

RMS DEVIATION = 2.273 7 "Technical cification Limiting Condition for Operation (LCO) 3.2.4 states that the Azimuthal Power Tilt 7Tq) shaLl not exceed .030. LCO 3.2.4 ACTIOR a. requires that once Tq is determined to be ).030 but (.10 either correct Tq vithin 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> or determine vithin the next 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> and at least once per subsequent 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> that the core peaking factors are vithin the Technical Specification limits. An incore detector snapshot vas completed approximateIy 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> after exceeding the Tq limit of .030. The nev calculated Tq vas .012. AdditionalIy, both of the core peaking factors were within'he Technical Specification limits. Minor variations in core physics parameters can be expected during lov pover testing following a refueling.

t St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle Startu Ph sics Testin Re 5

or~

FIGURE 6 Power Distribution 50 7 Power Measured: (CECORIINPAX) Design:

Snapshot ID// Fp43p89 Power level 50.00X Power level 50.007.

Burnup 7.43 EFPH Burnup 10.00 EFPH CEA Position 122" . CEA POSITION 122 TILT = .014 0 7769 ( ~

I 0.76QQ',

Fzy 1 s 692 0.0169 I 34I FrT= 1.635 I 1.2407i 1.0197(

I 1.2630i 1.0000(

F = 2.082

'552i 0

0 9937i 32'3' 0223(+0 1

'197(

1264i 0 8300( 0 9770( 1 1130(

29'0'1',

',+0 ~ 0252',+4.0167',+0 1.3329( 1.0473( 1.3210( 0.9424(

~ 0134 1 3260( 1 '280( 1 '240( 0 '280

',+0.0069',+0.0193',-0.0030',+0 '144'I 25 26 27 28(

1.1793i 0.9952'1.3223', 1.0813,'.2567',

1 1520( 0 9680i 1 3020( 1 '590( 1 2660(

',+0.0273',+0.0272,'+0.0203,'+0.0223,'"0.0093(

20( 2-I 22( 23( 24il 1 1071( 1 1841( 1 4433( 0 '852( 1 '088( 0 8301(

1.1050,'.1570', 1.4230', 0.9400,'.'3000', 0.8440,'+0 002li+0 0271i+0 0203i+0 0452i+0 0088i"0 '139i

~ ~

14 15 16 17 18 19(

I 0. 4030( 1. 1155 I 1. 1856( 1. 19881 1. 0699( 0. 9441( MEASURED 0 3910 ( 1 1200 ( 1 1700 ( 1 1700 ( 1 0480( 0 9200 ( ~ DESIGN

(+0 0120 ( 0 0045 (+0 0156 (+0 0288 (+0 0219 (+0 0241 (

~ ~ ,'DEVIATION(Xi)',

I 9( 1P I I

I I 0 3530 ( 0 9736

~ ( 1 2390 I 1 1816 ( 0 9350 (

0.3520'0 '660'1.2070'1.1770'0 '200',

',+0 F 0010',+0.0076,'+0.0320',+0 ~ 0046',+0 ~

0150,'3(

4( 5( 6( 7(I 0.3177'0.3434,'.3070'0

'320(

i+0 0107 I+0 0114 ~

(

RMS DEVIATION = 1.934 7.

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Ph sics Testin Re ort~

FIGURE 7 Power Distribution 80 Z Power Measured: (CECOR/INPAX) Design:

Snapshot ID/I C050289.DAT Power level 78.93Z Power level 80.00Z Burnup 40.45 EFPH Burnup 30.00 EFPH CEA Position 135 CEA POSITION 131 TILT = .013 0 '072(

0 7960(

Fxy 1 646 I 0.0112I I I FrT= 1.581 34 1 2856' 0385' F = 1.967 2980' 0360' 8673'

~

'054i 32'3' 0124 ~+0 0025 1 1355'

/

'670( 0100( 1 1460) 29'0'1' 1

)+0 0003 (

0. 0046 0 0105 (

J

~

'157) 1 0252( 1 '202) 0 9423)

I 1.3300I 1.0490I 1.3440i 0.9510I

,'-0 '143,'-0 '238',-0.0238',-0

'087'5'6'7'8',

1. 1373I 0.9676I 1.2907I 1.0732I 1.2529I 1.1460'0.9720'1.3080'1.0740'1.2810,'

'087) 0 '044( 0 0173( 0 0008( 0 0281)

F F 20 21 22 23 24(

1 0731< 1 1206i 1 '827i 0 '442< 1 2878' 8532' 0930) 1 1400) 1 3990( 0 '410) 1 3000( 0 8580(-

'-0 0199'"0 0194'-0.0163,'+0.0032',"0.0122,'-0.0048'4'5'6'7'8'9' 3887i 1 0644i 1.1331< 1 1506' ~ 0470i 0 9301' MEASURED 3900( 1 0960( 1 1460( 1 1520) 1 0450( 0 9330( DESIGN

',-0 '013',-0.0316,'"0 '129',-0.0014,'+0 '020'-0.0029' (DEVIATION(Xi)t 8I 9I 10I )) I 121 ]3I I I

I I

I 0.3402I 0.9292I 1.17801 1.1518I 0.9198I I 0. 3490 I 0. 9400 I 1. 1730 1. 1550 I 0. 91401

'I 0 0088 ( 0 ~ 0 1 08 f +0 0050 ( 0 ~ 0032 +0 ~ 0058

~

I 3 I 41 5I 6I 7 I I

0 3038 ( 0 3333 (

0 ~ 3060 ) 0 3330 )

0 0022i+0 ~ 0003(

RMS DEVIATION = 1.293 Z

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 tartu Ph sics Testin Re ort~

FIGURE 8 Power Distribution 100 7 Power Measured: (CECOR/INPAX) Design:

Snapshot ID// A051189 Power level 99.70K Power level 100.007 Burnup 209.01 EFPH Burnup 75.00 EFPH CEA Position 135 CEA POSITION aro TILT = .012 i 0.8234I 0 ~ 8220 i Fzy 1 o 631 i+0 0014i I I 34 F T 1 551 1 3241i 1 0633i I 1.3210I 1.0610I Fq= 1.875

0. 8923 I 1. 0288 32'3' i+0 '031i+0 0023i I 1. 1646 i

'880i '1 0330i 1 1680i 29'0'1,'

0 i+0 0043i 0 0042ii 0 '034ii

~ 3456i 1 0706i 1 3469i 0 '633i ii 1

25'6'7'8' 3360i 1 0630i 1 3550i 0 9660i

',+0.0096',+0.0076',-0 0081',-0.0027',

1489 0 9977 1. 3174 1. 0794 F

', 1. 2781 ',

1 1420 i 0 9740 i 1 ~ 31 10 i 1 0840 i 1 ~ 2890 i I+0 0069 I+0. 0237 I +0. 0064 I -0 ~ 0046

~

I -0. 0109 I 20 21 22 23 24 i 1.0793'1.1414,'.4061'0.9457,'.2949,'.8635i 1.0810i 1. 1300i 1 3840i 0 '420i 1 2990i 0 '660i 0 '017i+0 0114i+0 0221i+0 0037i 0 '041i 0 0025i

~ ~

14 15 16 17 18 19i 0 '966i 1 0856i 1 1509i 1 1495i 1 0354i 0 '353i MEASURED 0 3890 i 1 0800 i 1 1310 i 1 1310 i 1 0430 i 0 9390 i DESIGN i+0 0076 i+0 0056 i+0 0199 i+0 0185

~ ~

i 0 0076 i 0 0037 i iDEVIATION(Xi)',

I 8 9 10 11 12 13 i 1 I I 0 '535,'.9359i 1.1671'1.1476,'.9203i 0 '480'0 '25o'1.1520'1.1410'0.9110',

i+0 '055i+0 0109i+0 0151i+0 0066i+0 0093i

~ ~ ~ ~

I I I I I I 3 4 5 6 7 I 0 ~ 3270 i 0 3432 i 0 3050i 0 3350i i+0 '220i+0 0082i ~

RMS DEVIATION = 1.042 7

St. Lucie Unit 2, Cycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re or Table 1 Cycle 5 Reload Sub-Batch ID Sub-batch f af Assembffea DO 3.65 E10 8- 3.20 E20 28 3.60 E2L 12 3.60 E2H 9 3.60 F328 28 3.20 F360 16 3.60 F364 20 3.60 FZ8 12 3.60/3.20 G1H -12 3.60 G20 16 4.00 G2L 20 4.00 GZH 32 4.00/3.60

St. Lucis Unit 2>'ycle 5 Startu Ph sics Testin Re or Table 2 Approach to Criticality by Dilution Dllutfon Rate (gpm) lnltlal Boron Conc. (ppm) Flnol Boron Conc. (ppm) Dllutfon T1m>> (min.)

2022 53 88 1705 40 Table 3 CEA Worth Summary Teat Oroup M>>aaured Worth Pr>>dict>>d Worth X DN>>rene>>

pe (M) pcm (D) ((D-Ll)/u)100 .

S(Ref.) 111%33 1$ 57A2 15223 200.7 31.8 337.3 354.0 531.I5 22.8 2 7d1.33 7$ h.OI 2.98 727~ I05.8 10.7 A 1727 0.85 8043.28