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Category:NON-RECURRING TECHNICAL REPORT (ENVIRONMENTAL)
MONTHYEARML20080D6291994-12-31031 December 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp'S Ridley & Loggerhead Sea Turtles ML20076L5541994-10-31031 October 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp Ridley & Loggerhead Sea Turtles ML20029C7141994-03-31031 March 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp'S Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) & Loggerhead (Caretta Caretta) Sea Turtles. ML20214N3321987-03-0606 March 1987 Rev 1 to Fuel & Plant Matls Technology,Corrosion Evaluation of Oyster Creek Drywell ML20214N3181987-02-0202 February 1987 Microbiological Analysis of Oyster Creek Corrosion Samples ML20087P5561984-04-0202 April 1984 Effects of Salt Drift on Land Dwelling Vertebrates ML19309C8611980-03-31031 March 1980 Fish Kill Associated W/800105 Outage at Facility. ML19273C1091979-08-21021 August 1979 Nonroutine Environ Operating Rept 50-219/79-4 on 790801: Dilution Pump 2 Tripped Due to High Lube Oil Temp.Caused by Pump Oil Temp Switch Being Out of Calibr.Switch Was Recalibr ML19207B3741979-08-14014 August 1979 Nonroutine Environ Rept 50-219/79-3 on 790719.Dilution Pump Tripped & Delay in Placing Reserve Pump in Operation Exceeded 15 Minutes.Pump Trip Caused by Low Seal Water Pressure Resulting from Seaweed Buildup in Pump Sections 1994-03-31
[Table view] Category:TEXT-ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS
MONTHYEARML20216H8151999-09-27027 September 1999 NPDES Noncompliance Notification:On 990923,turtle Was Captured Alive at Dilution Intake Structure Trash Racks. Turtle Was Removed Alive & Moving About Actively.Turtle Was Transferred to Marine Mammal Stranding Center ML20206B0001998-12-31031 December 1998 Number of Personnel & Person Rems by Work & Job Function Rept for Period Jan-Dec 1998 ML20207F9361998-12-31031 December 1998 Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Rept,Jan-Dec 1998, for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20207A6511998-12-31031 December 1998 1998 Annual Environ Operating Rept for Oyster Creek Generating Station. with ML20206D7411998-12-31031 December 1998 1998 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. with ML20151T7941998-08-25025 August 1998 NPDES Noncompliance Notification:On 980818,captured Subadult Loggerhead Sea Turtle at Plant Circulating Water Intake Structure Trash Racks.Turtle Was Transferred to Marine Mammal Stranding Ctr in Brigatine,Nj for Rehabilitation ML20248H1281997-12-31031 December 1997 Revised Effluent Release Rept for Jan-Dec 1997 ML20247B4831997-12-31031 December 1997 1997 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Rept ML20217J2691997-12-31031 December 1997 Annual Exposure Data Rept for 1997 ML20135F0201996-12-31031 December 1996 Effluent & Off Site Dose Rept for Jan-Dec 1996 ML20137F1261996-12-31031 December 1996 1996 Annual Exposure Data Rept for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20138B0011996-12-31031 December 1996 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML20112E5351996-05-31031 May 1996 Fish Kill Monitoring Rept for May 1996 ML20108B8931995-12-31031 December 1995 1995 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML20100C8121995-12-31031 December 1995 Fish Kill Monitoring Rept for Dec 1995 ML20100P5851995-12-31031 December 1995 Effluent & Off Site Dose Rept for Period Jan-Dec 1995 ML20100H9121995-12-31031 December 1995 Annual Exposure Data Rept for 1995 ML20101R2011995-12-31031 December 1995 1995 Annual Environ Operating Rept Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20080P7751994-12-31031 December 1994 Effluent & Off Site Dose Rept for 1994 ML20082R3251994-12-31031 December 1994 1994 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML20080D6291994-12-31031 December 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp'S Ridley & Loggerhead Sea Turtles ML20081F0441994-12-31031 December 1994 1994 Annual Environ Operating Rept Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20076L5541994-10-31031 October 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp Ridley & Loggerhead Sea Turtles ML20071M9191994-07-26026 July 1994 NPDES Noncompliance Notification,On 940701,06 & 12,dead Sea Turtles Captured at Dilution Structure Trash Racks.Turtles Captured on 940701 & 12 Sent to Marine Turtle Experts at Ctr for Environ,Cornell Univ for Thorough Necropsy ML20029C7141994-03-31031 March 1994 Assessment of Impacts of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on Kemp'S Ridley (Lepidochelys Kempii) & Loggerhead (Caretta Caretta) Sea Turtles. ML20064B7351993-12-31031 December 1993 Effluent Release Rept for Jul-Dec 1993 ML20067C7841993-12-31031 December 1993 Annual Exposure Data Rept for 1993 ML20029D2211993-12-31031 December 1993 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept. W/940428 Ltr ML20056H0391993-06-30030 June 1993 1993-1 Semiannual Effluent Rept ML20029E4961992-12-31031 December 1992 Corrected Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Gaseous Effluent Elevated Releases for Fourth Quarter 1992. ML20029E4951992-09-30030 September 1992 Corrected Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Gaseous Effluent Elevated Releases for Third Quarter 1992. ML20029E4931992-06-30030 June 1992 Corrected Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Gaseous Effluent Elevated Releases for Second Quarter 1992. ML20029E4921992-03-31031 March 1992 Corrected Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Gaseous Effluent Elevated Releases for First Quarter 1992. ML20094M4601991-12-31031 December 1991 1991 Annual Environmental Operating Rept ML20096A1701991-12-31031 December 1991 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML20076N0231991-02-28028 February 1991 Winter Outage Fish Sampling Program Rept for Feb 1991. W/ ML20084T9671990-12-31031 December 1990 Annual Environ Operating Rept ML20073H7021990-12-31031 December 1990 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept,1990 ML20062G3011990-06-30030 June 1990 Revised Figure 1 to 1990-1 Semiannual Effluent Release Rept ML20012B2361989-12-31031 December 1989 2 Semiannual Effluent Release Rept, for Jul-Dec 1989.W/900302 Ltr ML20043B6331989-12-31031 December 1989 1989 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept. W/900511 Ltr ML20235U8161988-12-31031 December 1988 2 Semiannual Effluent Release Rept ML20245E9581988-12-31031 December 1988 1988 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML18041A1991988-12-31031 December 1988 1988 Annual Environ Operating Rept. W/890705 Ltr ML20151R6201987-12-31031 December 1987 Effluent Release Rept, for Jul-Dec 1987 ML20154P5791987-12-31031 December 1987 1987 Radiological Environ Monitoring Rept ML20147E6421987-12-31031 December 1987 1987 Annual Environ Operating Rept ML20236N6741987-06-30030 June 1987 Effluent Release Rept for Jan-June 1987 ML20235W7161987-05-13013 May 1987 Whole Body Count at Oyster Creek on 860509 ML20214N3321987-03-0606 March 1987 Rev 1 to Fuel & Plant Matls Technology,Corrosion Evaluation of Oyster Creek Drywell 1999-09-27
[Table view] Category:TEXT-SAFETY REPORT
MONTHYEARML20217K4451999-09-30030 September 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20211P6731999-08-31031 August 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20211A7051999-07-31031 July 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for July 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station.With ML20209G0631999-06-30030 June 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20212H5491999-06-18018 June 1999 Non-proprietary Rev 4 to HI-981983, Licensing Rept for Storage Capacity Expansion of Oyster Creek Spent Fuel Pool ML20195E7961999-05-31031 May 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20206N7431999-04-30030 April 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20205P5401999-03-31031 March 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20204C8201999-02-28028 February 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1999 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20199E4671998-12-31031 December 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20195E8321998-12-31031 December 1998 10CFR50.59(b) Rept of Changes to Oyster Creek Sys & Procedures, for Period of June 1997 to Dec 1998.With ML20198D2091998-11-30030 November 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20195J8591998-11-12012 November 1998 Rev 11 to 1000-PLN-7200.01, Gpu Nuclear Operational QA Plan ML20195C4271998-11-0606 November 1998 Safety Evaluation Supporting Proposed Ocnpp Mod to Install Core Support Plate Wedges to Structurally Replace Lateral Resistance Provided by Rim Hold Down Bolts for One Operating Cycle ML20155J3021998-10-31031 October 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20154R4981998-10-20020 October 1998 Core Spray Sys Insp Program - 17R ML20154L3051998-10-14014 October 1998 Safety Evaluation Accepting Licensee Request to Defer Insp of 79 Welds from One Fuel Cycle at 17R Outage ML20154Q3371998-09-30030 September 1998 Rev 8 to Oyster Creek Cycle 17,COLR ML20154L5571998-09-30030 September 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20151V6311998-08-31031 August 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.With ML20237D5691998-08-31031 August 1998 Rev 0 to MPR-1957, Design Submittal for Oyster Creek Core Plate Wedge Modification ML20237D5711998-08-18018 August 1998 Rev 0 to SE-000222-002, Core Plate Wedge Installation ML20237B0131998-07-31031 July 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for July 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20236R0511998-06-30030 June 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20249B2981998-05-31031 May 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station ML20248F3531998-05-21021 May 1998 Part 21 Rept Re Electronic Equipment Repaired or Reworked by Integrated Resources,Inc from Approx 930101-980501.Caused by 1 Capacitor in Each Unit Being Installed W/Reverse Polarity. Policy of Second Checking All Capacitors Is Being Adopted ML20247F1891998-05-0505 May 1998 Risk Evaluation of Post-LOCA Containment Overpressure Request ML20247G0581998-04-30030 April 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20216K0341998-03-31031 March 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20151Y4651998-03-31031 March 1998 Non-proprietary Version of Rev 1 to GENE-E21-00143, ECCS Suction Strainer Hydraulic Sizing Rept ML20217A4631998-03-23023 March 1998 Safety Evaluation Accepting Use of Three Heats/Lots of Hot Rolled XM-19 Matl in Core Shroud Repair Assemblies Re Licenses DPR-16 & DPR-59,respectively ML20212E2291998-03-0404 March 1998 Rev 11 to 1000-PLN-7200,01, Gpu Nuclear Operational QAP, Consisting of Revised Pages & Pages for Which Pagination Affected ML20216J0841998-02-28028 February 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20203B2781998-02-16016 February 1998 10CFR50.59(b) Rept of Changes to Oyster Creek Systems & Procedures ML20203A3801998-01-31031 January 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1998 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generation Station ML20198P1791997-12-31031 December 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station ML20217C7591997-12-31031 December 1997 1997 Annual Environmental Operating Rept for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20197E9131997-11-30030 November 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station ML20199E4561997-11-13013 November 1997 Safety Evaluation Accepting Ampacity Derating Analysis in Response to NRC RAI Re GL-92-08, Thermo-Lag 330-1 Fire Barriers, for Plant ML20199D4381997-10-31031 October 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station ML20202E8511997-10-21021 October 1997 Rev 0 to Scenario 47, Gpu Nuclear Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Emergency Preparedness (Nrc/Fema Evaluated) 1997 Biennial Exercise. Pages 49 & 59 of Incoming Submittal Were Not Included ML20211M9481997-10-0303 October 1997 Supplemental Part 21 Rept Re Condition Effected Emergency Svc Water Pumps Supplied by Bw/Ip Intl Inc to Gpu Nuclear, Oyster Creek Nuclear Generation Station.No Other Nuclear Generating Stations Effected by Notification ML20198J7361997-09-30030 September 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20211B7461997-09-24024 September 1997 Part 21 Rept Re Failure of Emergency Service Water Pump Due to Threaded Flange Attaching Column to Top Series Case Failure.Caused by Dissimilar Metals.Pumps in High Ion Svc Will Be Upgraded to 316 Stainless Steel Matl ML20210V0181997-08-31031 August 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20210L2961997-07-31031 July 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Jul 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station ML20149F9961997-07-18018 July 1997 Safety Evaluation Re Gpu Nuclear Operational Quality Assurance Plan,Rev 10 for Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station,Unit 1 & Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20196H0111997-07-11011 July 1997 Special Rept 97-001:on 970620,removed High Range Radioactive Noble Gas Effluent Monitor (Stack Ragems) from Service to Allow Secondary Calibr IAW Master Surveillance Schedule. Completed Calibr on 970628 & Returned Stack Ragems to Svc ML20210L3081997-06-30030 June 1997 Corrected Page to MOR for June 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ML20141H2051997-06-30030 June 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1997 for Oyster Creek Nuclear Station 1999-09-30
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MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF OYSTER CREEK CORROSION SAMPLES i Prepared by Carolyn F. Mathur, Ph.D.
York College of Pennsylvania i
For GPU Nuclear Corporation 2 February 1987 WR618MaE88li[
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SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to determine if microorganisms are involved in the corrosion process occurring in the Oyster Creek drywell. The criteria used include: 1)-presence of viable cells in or around corroded areas; 2) presence of-conditions at the site that are believed to promote microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC); and 3) presence of specific types of microbes that have been associated with corrosion in other systems.
Four sand or corrosion samples adjacent to metal plugs removed from the Oyster Creek plant drywell were analyzed for microbes that could be influencing the corrosion occurring in that area. Viable bacteria were found in all samples. Cells were observed closely adhering to the corrosion materials, and a variety of microbial types were isolated. The temperature, chemistry, and environment were all conducive to microbial growth. However, we did not detect significant numbers of the types of bacteria believed to play a dominant role in microbiological 1y influenced corrosion. _
We did not detect sulfate reducing bacteria, Gallionella organisms, or Pseudomonas (slime formers). Some ' filamentous types and spore-formers were present. We concluded that microbes probably played a role in the early s'tage of the corrosion, but are not likely the most important factor at this time influencing the corrosion rate in the most heavily wasted metal areas. We recommend future monitoring for MIC (microbiologically influenced corroston) and w
the eventual implementation of corroston control procedures that-
also inhibit microbial growth.
METHODS Four of seven core plugs taken from the Oyster Creek drywell on December 6 and 7, 1986, were analyzed for the presence of microorganisms that could be involved in microbiologically influenced corrosion. Corrosion or sand material taken from directly behind each of the metal plugs was transferred to a sterile plastic bag in preparation for analysis.
SAMPLE PREPARATION Part of each sample was suspended at a 10% concentration in sterile water and incubated with the vital stain INT (p-iodonitratetrazoluim phosphate) and substrate for-one hour. The samples were fixed in formalin and transported to York for microscopic analysis.
Another part of the sample was suspended in sterile water and used for innoculated into SRB (Sulfate Reducing Bacteria) media and for standard plate counts. Representative colonies were isolated and characterized from each sample.
MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS Samples were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and, analyzed using a Zeis epifluorescence microscope. The total cell counts were done on the FITC stained cells, while the percent viable cells (aerobic) were quantitated by counting cells positive for INT. Samples were microscopically examined for bacteria that can be associated with corroston.
1 RESULTS Table 1 includes a physical description of the sample material and a brief description of its microscopic appearance, cultured results and other relevant information. Samples 1, 4, and 5 were associated with wastage, while sample 2 had only pitting. The sand from sample 5, however, was not directly adjacent to the metal plug.
Table 2 gives the total cell counts (FITC cells / gram), the percent viability (as measured by INT staining), the standard plate count (as colony forming units / gram), and the SRB growth results. The cell counts and viability were at levels reasonable for soil samples. The lower counts and viabilities in the corrosion material samples inoicate less microbial activity here, compared to the straight sand materials. It could also mean more anaerobic organisms were present in the corrosion samples. The SRB culture results indicate that little, if any, sulfate reducing bacteria were present. These are believed to play a role in some carbon-steel corrosion processes. No Gallionella, a microbe associated with steel corrosion, was detected by visual inspection. Many small vibrio shaped cells were observed closely adhering to the corrosion material from the Bay 19 samples.
Table 3 contains information on some of the dominant colonies of bacteria isolated from the standard plate counts. A variety of Gram positive and Gram negative rods were detected.
Pseudomonas, an organism sometimes associated with corrosion, was not detected. Some filamentous forms, sometimes seen with corroston, were observed. Gram posttive score formers were
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Table 1 Physical and Microbial Descriptions Sample Physical Description Microbial Description 1-19C corrosion corrosion product;- material dominant- in wastage sample; slight growth in SRB media; long Gram positive and Gram negative rods: 50% of population -
aerobically viable 2-15A dry sands pitting long and short rods, both Gram positive and Gram 1 negative some filamentous types; no growth in SRB media 71% aerobically viable 4-19A corrosion variety of rod-shaped-Gram product; positive and Gram negative-wastage cells; short'vibroid cells closely attached to corrosion strands; may be Gallionella but could not confirm; 40% aerobically viable 5-11A wastage; moist sand Gram positive taken from area spare forming rods; weak distant growth in SRB media;1 74%
from corrosion aerobically viable material 6
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Table 2 l Bacteriological Results From Core Plug Samples Collected From Oyster Creek Drywell on December 6'and 7, 1986 Sample FITC SPC (cfu/g) . SRB (culture-cel1s/q results)
(% viable) 4 1-19C 5x 10' (50) 3x 10* little growth 2-15A 1: 107 (71) ~2 x ~ 10* negatise 4-19A 6x 10* '(40) 4x 10' negative 4
5-11A 4x 107 (74) 1x 10" little growth.
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Table 3-Descriptions of Colonies Isolated From Oyster Creek Samples Sample Colony Moroh. Gram Stain Misc.
(5)11A-1 white, irregular gram + rods + spore (5)11A-2 white, irregular'
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gram + rods + spore (2)15AD-1 clear, g r aru ' + . rods - oxid, - cat irregular, large with + motility.
spreading long thin fi1 aments (2)15AD-2 med. white dry, long Gram - + oxid, + cat irregular . rods + motility (1)19C-E med. clear white long Gram - oxid, + cat-colony, rods + motility concentric (1)19C-F same as 19C-E long Gram - - oxid, + cat rods + motility (1)19C-G med. clear white long Gram + - oxid, +. cat oblong, muccid rods + motility (4)19A-1 small Gram -
fat - oxid, + cat clear white rods with pointed ends (4)19A-2 bright Gram + med - oxid, + cat yellow smooth rods singles. - motility pairs, clumps (4)19A-3 small same as 19A-1 - oxid, + cat clear white (4)19A-4 tan, wrinkled, med. to long + oxid, - cat dry Gram -
rods + motility singles & end to end pairs
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DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Microorganisms are one of several factors that can influence corrosion rates in metals, such as carbon-steel. Specific organisms such as the sulfate reducers (SRB's) and Gallionella can be active in the corrosion process, but Microbiological 1y Influenced Corrosion (MIC) probably involves a complex system of different microbial types. The presence of cells not obviously-involved in corrosion can stimulate the growth of forms that can contribute to the electrochemical changes occurring. To evaluate MIC in a given system, a variety of factors need to be considered. In the samples reported on here from the Oyster Creek drywell, MIC probably has played a role, especially in the-earlier stages. However, MIC does not appear to be the primary cause of the corrosion that is currently occurring.in the heavily wasted samples (i.e. from Bay 19). It should be noted that the relatively non-corroded samples (i . e. Bay 15) show signs of early MIC activity, based on tha type of. small pitting that is occurring and the general conditions of the sandbed environment.
RATIONALE FOR ABOVE CONCLUSIONS '
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- 1. Moisture, dirt, and the alternating l wet and dry i condi tions that have been and are occurring in the sandbed adjacent to the metal are generally conducive to MIC. Water serves as a source of the microbes and of the nutrients needed by them. The materials above the sand (i.e. firebar D) contain protein and other nutrients that could be carried tnto the sand and allow for the qrowth of eartous microbes. Water serves as a-
+m.., . - - - --
reactant in microbial metabolism and in corrosion. It can spread-the microbes and corrosive oroducts throughout the system.
- 2. The presence of sulfates and chlorides in the water that passed through the sand bed and -the differential concentrations j of chlorides in the crevices of the corroded metals. indicate the-possibility of MIC.
- 3. Black corrosion deposits are frequently associated with MIC.
- 4. Previous studies (i . e. Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant) 4 indicate that MIC involving Gallionella was most significant early in the corrosion process, and that the influence of
- microbes on the corrosion rates reduced considerably over time.
- 5. The presence of microbes in the sand adjacent to the metal
- and in close contact with the corrosion materials itself indicates some microbial influence on the corrosion process. The presence of microbes in sand is expected, and because of moisture and other conditions, such as temperatures-of 110=F in which many microbes can grow, their numbers could increase. We detected little, if any, SRB's in the samples, and no Gallionella were observed. Although these two organisms can play a role in corrosion, their absence does not necessarily rule out MIC as a factor to consider. Unidentified microbial cells were observed closely attached to the corrosive materials from the Bay 19 l samples. However, the microbial cell counts were not that high, and this, along with our snability to detect large numbers of 4
organisms beli eved to be directly involved with MIC, indicates d
that MIC is not a major force affecting the corrosion rate at l
this Ltme. MIC should, however, be considered when control l
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RECOMMENDATIONS
- 1. Recheck areas again for MIC during future analyses for corrosion rates. Note especially the areas which had relatively litle wastage, as some of these showed pitting and signs of the early stages of MIC.
- 2. Consider corrosion control mechanisms that would also be antibacterial, such as elevated temperatures, drying, flushing with a biocide gas or liquid, improved drainage, or cathodic protection.
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