ML20151D293

Summary of ACRS Subcommittee on Human Factors Seminar on 880210 in Washington,Dc Re Human Factors

ML20151D293
Person / Time
Issue date:	03/28/1988
From:	Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
To:	Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
References
ACRS-2555, NUDOCS 8804140112
Download: ML20151D293 (15)

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~~" CERTIFIED COPY l DATE ISSUED: March 28,1988 i i;, i  ;) . 1.-

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h M-NI SUFFARY/ MINUTES ACRS SUBCOMMITTEE ON HUMAN FACTORS FEBRUARY 10, 1988, WASHINGTON, D.C.

The Subccrvittee on Human Factors sponsored a Seminar on Human Factors on February 10, 1988, Room 1046, 1717 H Street, NW., Washington, D.C.

The Federal Register Notice, a schedule of items discussed, and a list of public attendees, is attached. The following ACRS merbers were in attendance: D. Ward, W. Kerr, F. J. Remick, C. J. Wylie, C. Michelson, .

J. C. Ebersole, P. G. Shewmon, C. P. Siess, H. W. Lewis, and D. W.

Moellcr. Herman Alderman was the Cognizant ACRS Staff Member. Dr.

Richard Pew of Bolt, Bernack and Newman, Cambridge, Massachusetts was the only speaker. The Seminar started at 8:30 a.m.

Highlights:

1. Human Factors Engineerina o Human Factors engineering is the a7 plication of scientific principles and knowledge concerning human performance and psychological responses to the design of systems and environ-ments in which humans interact.

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Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 2 o . Origins of Human Factors Engineering

- psychology ,

- Industrial Engineering ,

Biomechanics

- Applied Anthropology  ;

- Physiology {

Industrial medicine

- Control Engineering

- Industrial Design o People that work in Human Factors have a systems oriented view l

of design. They start with e big picture and work down to specifics.

1 i o Human Factors specialists nave an understanding of the impact of human variability in both measurement and design.

o Goals of Human factors activity i

- increased efficiency and productivity

- improve dependability and reliability 1

- maximize safety

- user acceptance of design

- flexibility or adoptability to change of a system

- personnel subsystem - the role of a human in the system i

.- .- E i 2. Methods of Human Factors Engineering

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Minutes / Seminar ~on Human Factors 3 r

o Operational Scenario - description of a specific case for same ceneric task that the systen is to be designed to help the j user accomplish.

o Functional description of the systems activities from the operational crews perspective 5

- composed of goals - objectives to be achieved

- tasks - process by which goals are achieved

- information analysis - what information necessary to

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! o Time line - interval within which you have to take action .

- Simulation - used for training  ;

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- used as a design tool J

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$ o Human performance models - mathematical models compared to [

f experimental data, if mathematical data falls within the l i bonds of experimental data, it is considered pretty good.

3. Elemental Characteristics of Human Performance l 4  ;

o Decision making - Jenous Rasmussen

- Detection

! - Observation and data collection .,

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i - Identification of the state of the system 1

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- . Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 4

- Interpretation '

- Alternative courses of action

- Determine goal state

- Develop procedure for goal state o Skill based behavior - detect something wrong, collect data, i

immediately kncw what to do. Pased upon frequently experi-enced highly over learned pattern, o Rule based behavior - similar to skill based behavior. After '

collect.i1g data, check to identify state, then knew what to do. Based upon learned pattern recognition, o Kr.owledge based behavior - detection may require hypothesis 1 testing and problen solving behavior o Probabilities can be opinions .

- Resultant probability based upon a number of opinions  ;

called subjectively expected utility l i

i o Supervisory Monitoring l

- Primary need to respond to critical events l l

l Critical Events .

- Infrequent a

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- Occur at unpredictable times ,

- High costs and pay offs

- Great uncertainty about events

- When event occurs, rapid response required

- One of the hardest things is it requires training 'or events that rarely or never happen o Human Roles in 9ntomated systens

- Human consider decision alternatives makes and implements a decisien

- System suggests a set of decision alternatives, humans may ignore them in making and impicmenting decision System offers restricted set of decision alternatives and suggests one which it, the system, will implement if human approves

- System makes decision and necessarily informs human in time to stop its implementatien

- System makes and implements decision, necessarily tells human after the fact what it did [

System makes and implements decision, tells human after the fact what it did, only if human asks o P.an as a Discriminator l

- Detection and discrimination

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Absolute detection - lowest level that can be heard ,

- Dynamic range 4 -

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Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 6

- Relative discrimination - ability to tell one thing from another

- Absolute identification o Man as an information processing system

- In general, man is a limited capacity single channel system

- Time to respond is limited by the number and probability of choices

- Relationship between stimuli and responses

- Reaction time is sensitive to the intensity of a signal

- Relatiership between speed and accuracy o Min as an information storage device

- Sensory Storage i

- Idetic imagery (photographic memory)

- Working memory (day to day)

- Long term memory 4 Evaluating nuclear control room improvements through analysis of critical operator decision l

- Develop illustrative model to provide insight into the

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decision-making process

Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 7

. - Use model and analysis techniques to evaluate specific j recent off-normal incidents

- Estimate potential impact of various proposed changes on operator decision-making o Evaluation of control room improvements

- Evaluation by panel of experts

- Analytical evaluation .

o Methodology

- Define a set of target transients

- Analyze LEP.'s and conduct interviews with operators to identify and codify critical decisions

- Prepare descriptions and supporting material for two l approaches:

- Expert panel ratings of importance of decision elements and potential impact of proposed improve-ments for target transients and overall a

- Analytic technique for .iudging frequencies and

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.- Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 8

- Evaluate results of two approaches independently and together '

o List of Potential Control Room Improvement Staff Organization:

Availability of additional personnel Prior definition of specific operator responsibilities Addition of a shift ti.chnical advisor to the crew Training:

i l Skill training l 1

Understanding of standard and emergency procedures j Knowledge of specific plant characteristics Knowledge of power plant fundamentals i Training in decision skills I

Computerized Support Systems:

Mcnitoring basic safety and availability functions

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, Disturbance detection and classification Information integration l Action identification l l

l Predictive simulation .,

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r Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 9 Procedure Accessibility and Accuracy Controls and Displays

.' splay inprovement Control improvement Control-display intergration Work space layout

5. Visual Displays

- Sensitivity curve for the human visual system

- Evaluating visual display

- legible

- is it readable?

- interpretability I

1 o Controls

- Location with reach

- Frequency of use - easily accessible

- Control coding, scope, size, color, pictorial

- Amount of force Automation

- Remove from the operators the need to be current with respect to the system state 5

- Remove from the operator the practice of

Minutes / Seminar on Human Factors 10 carrying the activity out manually when he may have to do it manually

7. Measurement and prediction of performance j

- Good measurement is valid

- Good measurement is accurate

- Good neasurement is reliable Workload

- Task demands - task reautre a lot of werk ,

- Task is difficult or complex - requires a lot of i work

- Indisidual performance - individual puts a lot of work in task

- Level of motivation may create high workload '

- Time load mer,r.s of measuring work load

. - Memory load can create high work load  !

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8. Par:agement Issues i

- Effects of managerent policy on design l

! - Management decisions on size of cperating crew will l 1

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! offect control room design f i

- Task analysis will affect operations i l

4 - Tightly coupled and loosely coupled system

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- Tightly coupled systems are tightly linked to an individual

- Loosely coupled have looser sets of respon-sibilities

- Working more than 10 hrs / day for more than 2 days at a tirse incurrs fatigue

- 12 hr. shifts preferred by operation, gives longer breaks

- Possible morale problems in eliminating 12 hrs, shifts The meeting was adjeurned at 5:00 p.m.

NOTE: A transcript of the neeting is available at the NRC Public ,

Document Room, 1717 H Street, NW., Washington, D.C,, or can be p;rchased from Heritage Reporting Corporation. 1220 L Street, NW., Washington, D.C. 20005, Telephone: (202)628-4888. .

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Federal Register / Vol 53, No. la / Tuesd:y, January to.1988 / Notices

. 211/ . . .

and/or petition and the Secretary oe the Datadanuary 20,19et prepared by the staff."These docum:nts designated Atomic Safety and ucensing M. W. uharkin, ,

Board willissue a notice of hearing on are available for public laspection at the Assistaaf Esecuun Duvew/arprojecs Comminion's Public Document Room. an appropriate order.

1717 H Street NW., Wa shington, DC Rmew. As required by to CR 2.714, a (IT. Doc. &&-1545 FUed 1-s-ea; 4.45e m)

Copies may be obtained upon request petition forleave to intervene that! set i sa.peo coot nese ws Iorth with particularity the interest of I

addrened to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Washington. the petitioner in the proceeding, and DC 0555, Atttention: Director, Division how that intetest ma ,be effected by the (DockeHeo. 60-2711 mes oMe proc ng. W p e on of Reactor Projecta-III,IV.V and I Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Corp 4 "

Special Projects- Amendment to f acility ONrating '[hinte ntfon h Id be permit e Deted at Bethesda. Mar >lsad this 20th day Ucense and Opportuntty for Prior wit particular rsference to the of January 19aa, Heartno following factors:(1) ne nature of the For the Nucleir Regulatory Commission. petitioner's right under the Act to be The United Statea Nuclear Regulatory made a party to the proceeding;(2) the Lastar S. R.theastala.

Commission (the Commission)is nature and axtent of the petitioner's Director. Standard so6an and No+ Power considering issuance of an amend:nent Reactor Project Duerwote. Division of property, financial, or other interest in to Facility Opersting Ucense No. DpR. the proceding; and (3) the poulble Reactor Projects-1/l. IV. V and Special 2.8 lasued to Vermont Yankee Nuclear effect of any ordet which may be Prefects. Office ofNuc! car Reactot power Corporation (the Ucensee) for Regulation. entered in the proceeding on the operation of Vermont Yankee Nuclear petitionds interest.The peution should

[nt Doc. as-1544 Fded 1-3-64. L45 am] power Station located in Windham also identify the specific aspect (s) of the sua.o coot n aus County, Vermont,

• subject matter oh the proceeding as to The amendmeru would change the Technical Specifications to eliminate the which petitioner wishes to intervene.

Any person who has fded a petition for Advlsory Committee on Reactoe present requirements to test the Safeguards, Subcommittee on Human leave to latervene or who has been remaining train (s) of the ECCS and Sic admitted as a party may amend the Factors; Meeting Systems when orm train has a petition without requestingleave of the component out of service. In lieu of the Board up to fifteen (15) days prior to the The ACRS SubcommJttee on lluman possibly non-conservative alternative Factors wiu hold a setninar on February first prehearing conference scheduled in testing program presently required by the proceeding.tml such an amended 10,1968, Room 1M6,1717 H Street, NW. the Technical Specifications when Washingten. DC. petition must ss :fy the specificity systems are determined to be requirements desenbed above.

Tne ent.re meeting will be open to inoperable, the licensee proposes that Not later than fifteen (15) days prior to public attendance. the "altemate' system be determined hearing conference The agends for the subject meeting the first operable based on the Vermont Yankeo schedu] d in :ht proceeding, a pttitioner shall be as foUows: In Service Testing Program results and shall file a supplement to the petition to Wednesday, fehtvo verification that the :) stem la in an intervene whach must include a list of o.m. und/ the conclusw.7 la 192-4J0 n of business. operable status.The licensee's application for amendment !s dated the contendons which are sought to be Dr. Richard pew of Bolt, Baranak and litigated in the tnatter, and the bases for Newrnon. Inc., will discu ss with the December 7,1987.

prior to issuance of the proposed each contention set forth with Subcommittee topics of interest reasonable specificity Contentions shau license amandment, tne Commission ha limited to matters within the scope of regardinglluman Factors. wi!! have made findmas e quired by the Qve.tions may be asked only by Atomic Energy Act of 1954. as amended the antendment under consideration. A members of the Subcommittee. petitioner who fails to file such a During the initial portion of the (the Act) and the Commission's supplement wfJch satisfies these regulations, requirements with respect to at least one meeting, the Subcommittee may By I,ebruary ZS, M68 the licensee may contention wiu not be permitted to exchange preliminary views regarding file a request for a hearing with respect matters to be con Idered during the participate as a party.

to issuance of the amendment to the Those permitted to intervene become ,

balance of the meeting. subject faciht operating license and arties to the proceed;ng. subject to any 1 Fouowing the presentation by Dr. any person w ose interest rosy be imitations in the order granting leave to (

Pew, there wiu be a brief period to allow affected by this proceeding and who intervene, and have the opportunity to / I Subcornmittee discussion of the topics. wl:M to participate as a party in the articipate fully in the conduct of the i

l Further information regarding topica proceeding must (de a written petition eering. including the opportunity to to be discussed or whether the meeting for leave to intervene. Request for a i present evidence and cross-exarnine hearing and peutions for leave to has been canceUed or rescheduled can witnesse ss.

be obtained by a prepaid telephone call intervene shall be filed in accordance A request for a hearing or a petition to the cognizant ACRS staff member, with th.t Comrnis !on's "Rules of Practsce for Domestic Ucensing for leave to intervene shau be ided with Mr. Herman Alderman (telephone 202/ the Secretary of the Commisslor. (Joited Proceedings" in 10 CFit Part 2. If a States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 634-1414) between 7;30 a.m. and 4.15 request for a hearing or petition for p.m. Persons planning to attend this leave to in'ervene is ided by the above Washington DC 20515, Attentioru meeting are urged to contact the above date, the Commission or an Atomic Docketing and Service Branch, or may named individual one or two days Safety and Ucensing Board, designated be delivered to the Commission's Public before the s:heduled meeting to be Document Room.1717 !! Street NW, by the Commission or by the Ch.airmaa Washington. DC, by the above date.

advised of any changes in schedule, etc., of the Atomic Safety and ucensing which may have occurred. Board Panel, will rule os tha request Where p=tations are fued during thelast i

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TENTATIVE SCHEDULE HUMAN FACTORS SEMINAR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 10, 19P8 l s ROOM 1046, 1717 H STP.EET, NW e l WASHINGTON, D.C. '

Presentation '

Time 8:30 a.m. Introductory Remarks, D. Ward 15 Min.  ;

Chairman Pro Tem, ACRS Subcommittee on Human Factors Dr. Richard Pew - Bolt, Beranek & Newman Inc.  !

8:a5 a.m. What is Human Factors Engineering 30 Min.

9:15 a.m. Conceptual Framework for Design 60 Min.

1 of Human Machine Systems j 10:15 a.m. ****** BREAK ****** 15 Min.

10:30 a.m. Human Performance Capacities 90 Min, and Limitations i

12:00 NCON Decision making in nuclear power 45 Min. -

plants ,

i 12:45-1:45 p.m. ****** LUNCH ****** 60 Min.  ;

1:45 p.m. Vision and design of visual displays 60 Min.

) 2:45 p.m. Design of controls and control 60 Min, i j devices 3:45 p.m. Issues in the measurement and 30 Min, t prediction of performance 4:15 p.r;. ***** BREAK ***** 15 Min.

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, 4:30 p.m. Relation of management issues to 60 Min.

HFE

! 5:30 p.m. Summary Remarks 15 Min, a

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a5 p.m. Sutcommittee Discussion 15 Min. ,

6:00 p.m. ADJOURN l

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I H. ALDERMAN ACPS SUBCOMMITTEE MEETING ON HUMAN FACTORS LOCATION Room 1046.1717 H St. Washinaton. D.C.

DATE February 10.19R8 ATTENDANCE LIST PLEASE PRINT:NAME AFFILI ATION

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