ML20100N462
| ML20100N462 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Harris  |
| Issue date: | 10/17/1984 |
| From: | AFFILIATION NOT ASSIGNED |
| To: | |
| References | |
| OL-I-005, OL-I-5, NUDOCS 8412130163 | |
| Download: ML20100N462 (10) | |
Text
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A. l\ L ~ 4 TANT. sTORAcE 30 17
.f ^ 30 _-16 Ft.AMM A_81.E_ _AN_D_CO_M BU_sTIB_t.E_U_QU_ms_C.O. .D.E p 4 y - _ _ _ _
% .Vapor Recovery System. A system designed to capture and re- ,
(
tani, wahout,processmg. vapors displaced dunng filhng operations p h[*'y.%,
- t
-,l g'W,%. %, at service stations. bulk plants, or termmals. Examples are balanced-pressure vapor displacement systems and vacuum assist systems ,
%ja- ,
y without vapor processmg.
' N*2 Ventilation. As specified in this code. ventilation is for the Chapter 2 Tank Storage ,
,-; y prevention of fire and explosion. It is considered adequate if it is suf-ficient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities of vapor air y 4**Q@n . xtures m concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable 24 Mp M hmb d 'I'A ~
Warehouses. 2-1.1 Materials. Tanks shall be designed and built in accordance P with recognized good engineering standards for the material of con.
%@> N ' h ..A s N d t. .
General Purpose Warehouse. A separate. detached building or portion of a building used only for warehousing type operations.
struction being used, and shall be of steel with the following limita-tions and exceptions:
NOTE: Warehousing nperations referred to above are ihme nperatinm nne (a) The material of tank construction shall be compatible with the fp*;, ' ' [Mh
.N accessihie io ihe puhric and include genera: purpose, rnerchandisc. dist ribution . liquid to be stored. In case of doubt about the properties of the liquid '
, ,4 and induurias .arehouse. ype operati'a$. to be stored, the supplier, producer of the liquid. or other competent S
p authority shall be consulted.
Liquid. Warehouse. A separate. detached building or at- (b) Tanks constructed of combustible materials shall be subject to
,4 tacha t. ..e.mg used for warehousmg type operations for hquids. the approval of the authority having jurisdiction and limited to:
1-3 Storage. Liquids shall he stored in tanks or in containers in ac- 1. Installation underground, or cordance with Chapter 2 or Chapter 4. 2. Use where required by the properties of the liquid stored, or
.Q I-4 Pressute Vessel. All new pressure vessels containing liquids 3. Storage of Class IIIB liquids aboveground in areas not expos-shall comply with I 4.1.1-4.2 or 1-4.3 as applicable, ed to a spill or leak of Class I or Class 11 liquid. or b ,,f I-4.1 Fired pressure vessels shall be designed a nd constructed in ac. 4. Storage of Class IllB liquids inside a building protected by cordance with Section I (Power Boilers) 1971. or Section Vill. Divi- an approved automatic fire extinguishing system.
[J , sion 1 or Division 2 (Pressure Vessels) 1974, as applicable, of the (c) Unlined concrete tanks may be used for storing liquids having g % .
ASME Boiler and Pressure Venel Code'. a gravity of 40 degrees API or heavier. Concrete tanke with special I-4.2 Unfired pressure vessels shall be designed and constructed in linings may be used for other , services pro ided the design is in g accordance with sound engineermg practice.
qy accordance with Section Vill. Division 1 or Division 2.1974 of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code *. (d) Tanks may have combustible or noncombustible linings. [
4 (e) SPecial engineering consideration shall be required if the i N2 I' l4.3 Fired and unfired pressure vessels which do not conform to s ific gravay of the hqu,d,to i be stored exceeds that of water or if "U .F '
l-4.1 or 1-4.2 may be used provided a roval has been obtained t e tank is designed to contam hquids at a hquid temperature below N' '
. from the state or other governmentaljuris ction in which they are to O'F (- 17.8'C).
k.t Ah 4 be used. Such pressure vessels are generally referred to as " State Special.'
- t! Q. tt 2-1.2 Fabrication.
$' l-5 Exits.
2-1.2.1 Tanks may be of any shape or type consistent with sound
[
f I-5.1 Egress from buildings .ind areas covered by this code shall be in accordance with NFPA 101.8 the Life Safety Code *, engineering des,gn. i
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. td I A pr m.y . Avaiiahic trFthe American Society of Mechanical Engineers. United Engineering 2-1.2.2 Metal tanks shall be wela4 riveted and caulked, or Cemer. 345 Eau 47th St.. New York. NY 10017. 61eut nr constructed by use of a combm stion of these methods.
, 8412130163 841017 i%pg,. PDR ADOCK 05000400 9 0 pm
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rr 30.18 . _. ...ri AMM.A_81..F. A. Nn CoMRt'sT181.F I_.IQUms Conf.
g TA_N_K.s. tor.A.c.r. 30 19 c E'" 2-1.3 Atmospheric Tanks. (b) The principles of the Codefor Unfired Pressure Vessels. See-j '
2-1.3.1 Atmospheric tanks shall he built in accordance with 'I " YIII' Division I of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessels Code.
- p recognized standards of design. Atmospheric tanks may he built and ! 1974 Edition'.
3 t' used within the scopes of the following: ' .
i 2-1.4.3 Tanks built accord.mg to Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
l ' (a) Underwriters Laboratories Inc.. Standard for Stre! '*9"ir i 21.3.1 may be used for operating pressures not ex-Cccdm. K I ements Psig (6.895n kPa) and shal1,he hmited to 2.5 psig (17.24 .
&.I i,
Aboveground Tanks for Flamrtable and Combustible Liquids.
ULl42 - 1972; Standard for Steel Underground Tanks for Flam. kPa) under emergency venting cond,tions. i
- U, .ll .. mahle and Combustible Oguids. ULS8 - 1976; or Standardfor I
.{ 2-1.4.4 Pressure vessels may be used as low pressure tanks.
SteelInside Tanksfor Oil Burner Fuel. UL80 - 1974..
, , ~. (b) American Petroleum Institute Standard No. 650 IVelded f 2-1.5 Pressure Vessels.
v Sicel Tanksfor Od Storage. Sixth Editmn.1978."
4gj .,] (c) American Petroleum Institute Spec.fications 12B. Bolted :
i 2-1.5.1 The normal operating pressure of the vessel shall not ex-
- p i cred the design pressure of the vessel.
A Tanksfor Storage of Production Liquids. Twelfth Edition. January 1977"; 12D Field IVclded Tanks for Storage of Production Li- '
2-1.5.2 Storage tanks designed to withstand pressures above 15 psig
- ,p qurds. Eighth Edition. January 1977"; or 12F. Shop IVelded Tanks 6 shall meet the requirements of Section 14.
v, for Storage of Production Liquids. Seventh Edition. January 1977'.
- yA (d) Steel Tank Institute Standard No. STI P3. Specrfication for 2-1.6 Pamisions for Internal Corrosion, g < STI.P3 System of Corrosion Protection of Underground Steel Storage 2-1.6.1 When tanks are not designed in accordance with the
- . . ., Tanks.1980"a. i American Petroleum Institute. American Society of Mechanical hk >
/[ b ' g!,
Engineers or the Underwriters Laboratories Inc. Standards, or if cor. (
$4re. ' 2-I.3.2 , Low pressure tanks and pressure vessels may be used as at- rosion is anticipated beyond that provided for in the design formulas /
TN p. . mospheric tanks. used, additional metal thickness or suitable protective coatings or ,
g?fg/; " ineg linings shall he provided to compensate for the corrosion loss ex. .
2-L3.3 Armosnher,c i tanks sh-dl not be inca rnr the storace of a lig.
- pected during the design life of the tank.
. A g uid at a temperature at or above its boiline point.
2-2 Ir,tallation of Outside Aboveground Tanks.
M J7u 2-1.4 Low Pressure Tanks. . i
@ g%g.;),c.9
.gA e J 2-1.4.1 The normal operating pressure of the tank shall not exceed 2-2,1 Location With Respect to Property L.mes, Public Ways and Important Buildings on the Same Property. I
> m '6t t-the des,ign pressure of the tank.
2-2.1.1 Every aboveground tank for the storage of Class I. Class II 7 2-1.4.2 Low pressure tanks shall be built in accordance with M.. recognized standards of design. Low pressure tanks may be built in or withClass boil.overIII A liquids, except, characteristics as provided and unstable hqui in 2 2.1.2,ds. operat
- $*AY ? accordance with
- pressures not in excess of 2.5 psig (17.24 kPa) and designed with a ,,
e- weak roof.to-shell scam or equipped w,ith em$rgency ventmg devices Q jh,i. W"..d i
(a) American Petroleum Institute Standard No. 620. Recom. which will not permit pressi, ires to exceed 2.5 psig (17.24 kPa). shall Nt,Q,l : .Yr G mended Rulesfor the Design and Construction of Large. LVelded, be located m accordance tvith Table 21.
W W 4- N\"3J
- Low. Pressure Storage Tanks. Fifth Edition.1973." (a) For the purpose of Section 2 2. a floating roof tank is defined as one which incorporates either:
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- 1. A pontoon or double deck metal floating roof in an open top g
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- f. &brriN !r R fJ
- Avadable from Underwriten Laboratories Inc. 333 Pfinguen Rd. Northbrnok. IL 6aos2.
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I, y " Available from America Petrnicum Institute. 2101 L Si.. N.W., Washington, DC
. - 2W. 3 A,,;g,gg, g,,, ihe American Safety of Mechanical Engineers. United Engineering ~
"'Available from Steel Tank Imntute. 666 Dundee Rd. Northbrnnk. IL 60062. Center 345 East 47th St. New York. NY 10017.
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[ g' 30-30 Ft.AMM ABLE AND COMBUsTIBt.E_ UQ[tDs CONE h n TANK sTORACE 30-31 y .. D 2-2.4.7 Flame arresters or venting devices required in 2 2.4.6 may Table 2-s be omitted for IB and IC liquids where conditions are surh that their
.g z Wetted Area Versus Cubic Teet Free Air per Hour *
, use rnay, in case of obstruction, result m tank damage. L,i quid pro- gi,y p,;, ,,a go. r)(101.3 kra and is.6* c)
,. p perties justifymg the omission of such devices include, but are not j.
. ?g limited to, condensation. corrosiveness, crystallization, polymeriza- --
7 ~3 o tion freezing or plugging. When any of these conditions exist, con. s, rt. cru s rt. CrH SS Ft. CrH
,, sideration may be given to heating, use of devices employing special
- g. materials of construction, the use of liquid seals. or inerting (see 20 21,100 200 2 t l.0m I,0m 524,oon (
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NFPA 69. Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems). 'O yy l 'y$ ',$ &*,*no*n p
, 50 52,700 350 288,000 1.600 614.000 60 63.200 400 J12,000 1,s00 639,000
% 70 73.700 500 354.000 2,000 662,000
/ ' 2-2.5 Emergency Relief Venting for Fire Ex; ire for so s4,200 600 392.000 2,400 704,000 Aboveground Tanks. 90 94.sm 790 4:s,0m 2sm 742,m o 100 105,000 s00 462.000 and over 2-2.5.1 Except as provided in 2 2.5.2. every aboveground storage 3, 826 tank shall have some form of construction or device that will reheve
'$ ,, $3$ L
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160 168.000
[s _ 'g
., excessive internal pressure caused by exposure fires. 180 200 190.000 211,000 h
,, , 2-2.5.2 Tanks larger than,12,000 gal (45.420 L) capaci
}. g Class IIIB hquids and not withm the diked area or themage dra,path ty storingst Uniis: I sq r = 0.0929 sq m; I cu ri = 0 c2832 cu m. p
+ . interpolate for intermediate values.
of Clas. I or Class 11 hquids do not require emergency relief ventmg. L 2-2.5.3 In a vertical tank the construction referred to in 2 2.5.1 -
3 may take the form of a floating roof. lifter roof, a weak roof.to.shcIl Table 2-9 i
scam, or other approved pressure relieving construction. The weak Wetted Ares Over 2,800 sq ft and Pressures Over i peig
, roof-to-shell scam shall be constructed to fait preferential to any e 3 other seam.
l Sq. ft. CTH Sq. ft. CTII I Je J. h'i ., 2-2.5.4 Where entire dependence for emergency relief is placed 2,800 742,000 9,000 1,930.000
%. g S .
Q upon pressure relieving devices, the total venting capacity of both
[N gg ye 2 ,m 3
e g'f ; normal and emergency vents shall he enough to prevent rupture of the shell or bottom of the tank if vertical, or of the shell or heads if horizontal. If unstable liqui is are stored, the effects of heat or gas 4,000 4,500 5,000 995,000 1,100,000 1,250,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 3.720.000 4,470.000 5,190,om i
[i resulting from polymerization, decomposition, condensation, or self-reactmty shall be :aken into account. The total capacity of both nor-mal and emergency venting devices shall be not less than that derived M
(ggg s,000 yQ 1,760,000 g p,. . from Table 2-8 except as provided in 2-2.5.6 or 2-2.5.7. Such device s: Unia: I sq ft - 0.0929 sq m: I cu ft = 0.02832 cu m.
( g.f ,, y may be a self-closmg manhole cover, or one using long bolts that per-
.- it mit the cover to lift under internal pressure, or an additional or -
larger relief salve or valves. The wetted area of the tank shall be V
e- -
calculated on the basis of 55 percent of the total exposed area of a pe i
sphere or spheroid,75 percent of the total exposed area of a horizon-
'# h_3 i tal tank and the first 30 ft (9.1 m) abovegrade of the exposed shell e -
area of a vertical tank. (See Appendix A for the squarefootage of
?,_ ,
typical tank sizes.) ,
h .pt c.y .v M \'4*.M ,
hk
[ I gg"pygmWmewW 4%MN P tV.
3d- 32,,, FLA M M A RI.F., A ND Cf4t BUsTi B i.F._UQU ms_ CODE _ _ _
, _ _ _ TANR,sTolt Ac.F.,,,_ , 30 33
[ i 2-2.5.5 For tanks and storage vessels designed for pressures over 1 3. Maintain a maximum conductance value of 4.0 Blu's per i Mji psig (6.895 kPa), the total rate of venting shall be determinnt in ac- j hour per square foot per degree F(Btu /hr/sq ft/*F) when the outer
- .b. ..; cordance with Table 2-8. except that when the exposed wetted area i insulation Jacket or cover is at a temperature of 1.660*F (904.4*C) {
of the surface is greater than 2.800 sq ft (260 m'), the total rate of l and when the mean temperature of the insulation is 1.000'F
- }, y#gj venting shall be in accordance with Table 2 9 or calculated by the (537.8'C).
(
following formula: :
e ,
'1 CFH = 1.107 A* " 2-2.5.8 The outlet of all vents and vent drains on tanks equipped r
~
with emergency venting to permit pressures exceeding 2.5 psig (17.2 Where:
'%rfsh ' 2ft '"h.
CFil = venting requirement, in cubic feet of free air per hour kPa) shall be arrangni to discharge in such a way as to prevent localized overheating of or flame impingement on any part of the (
j h.) ] q A = exposed wetted surface. in square feet tank. in the event vapors from such vents are ignited. ,
i d- .i The foregoing formula is based on Q = 21,000 A "". P 7th 9*h . 2-2.5.9 Each commercial tank venting dev. ice shall have stamped 7,(J .,(c4j
- f.
9 2-2.5.6 The total emergency relief venting capacity for any specific stable liquid can be determined by the following formula:
on it the opening pressure the pressure at which the valve reaches the full open position and the flow capacuy at the latter pressure. If t
, w-4 the start to open pressure is less than 2.5 pu,g (17.2 kPa) and the '
- i.MA pressure at full open position is greater than 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa). the
/ Cubic feet of free air per hour = V 1337-- 1 How capacity at 2.5 psig (17.2 kPa) shall also be stamped on the vent. F d.s 155'
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T p.
QY g j e Qf .'C i
V = cubic feet of free air per hour from Table 2 8 L = latent heat of vaporization of specific liquid in Btu per ing device. The flow capacity shall be expressed in cubic Ice per hour of air at 60*F (15.6*C) and 14.7 psia (101.3 kPa).
(a) The flow capacity of tank venting devices under 8 in. (203.2
'8 pound mm)in nominal pipe size shall be determined by actual test of each y(8 [. h ' M = molecular weight of specific liquids type and size of vent. These flow tests may be conducted by the g manufacturer if certified by a qualified impartial observer, or may
, w [oT .p, f 2-2.5.7 For tanks containing stahic liquids, the required airflow he conducted by a qualified. impartial outside agency. The flow s Avd. rate of 2-2.5.4 or 2-2.5.6 may he multiplied by the appropriate fac. capacity of tank ventmg devices 8 in. (203.2 mm) nominal pipe sire ;
Jh tor listed in the following schnlule when pmtection is provided as in, and larger, including manhole covers with long bolts or equivalent. ,
(? ? I'D8. ,i dicated. Only one factor can he used for any one tank. may be calculated provided that the opening pressure is actually i< WT e measured, the rating pressure and corresponding free orifice area are j pyg g .5 for drainage in accordance with 2-2.3.2 for tanks over 200 59 stated. the word " calculated" appears on the nameplate, and the 4 3 ft (18.6 m')of wetted area computation is based on a flow coefficient of 0.5 applied to the ratnl
.Y*
[h .3 for water spray in accordance with NFPA 15. Standardfor rifice area.
, f Qr*gh Water Spray fixed Systemsfor Fire Protection. and drainage in ac.
c rdance with 2-2.3.2 (b) A suitable formula for this calculation is:
Qkt:M h3 d ;3 for insulation in accordance with 2-2.5.7(a)
s -P where CFH - venting requirement in cubic3 feet of free air per
- %yd
?y gg (q
.15 for water spray with insulation in accordance with 2 2.5.7(a) hour
,Q.p and drainage in accordance with 2-2.3.2 (see Appendix A)
C, = 0.5 [the flow coefficient]
gy gfN
.-g,g y (a) Insulation systems for which credit is taken shall meet the following performance criteria:
, A - the orifice area in sq in.
Ps - the absolute pressure inside the tank in inches of k'
( -.j 1. Remam m place under fire exposure cond. .itions, "y q;sg s< 2. Withstand dislodgment when subjected to hose stream imp-water fM P. = t.he. absolute atmosPheric pressure outside the tank 0 e mgement durmg fire exposure. This requirement may be waived
@ where use of solid hose streams is not contemplated or would not be m mehes of water ;
practical. .
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e~#g
[ 30-34 rl.AMM ABLF. ann coM RUmnt.r.pqtjms conr,
-. . - - . . . TAN.K SToit.Act - - 30 35 j 2-2.6 Vent Piping for Aboveground Tanks. 2-2.7.5 l'illing and emptying connections for Ciss I. Clau !! and
[j% f f)*/ '
2-2.6.1 Vent piping shall be constructed in accordance with Class lil A liquids which are made and bmken shall be located out.
Chapter 3. side of buildmgs at a location free from any source of ignition and S
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not leu than 5 f t (1.5 m) away from any buihling opening. Such con. E 2-2.6.2 Where vent pipe outlets for tanks storing Class I liquids are nections for any liquid shall be closed and liquidtight when not in use h.f]i M l*t .M p adjacent to buildings or public ways. they shall be located so that the vapors are released at a safe point outside of buildings and not Icu and shall be properly id(ntified. .
ph ,-
@ than 12 ft (3.7 m) above the a ljacent ground level. In order to aid L.
L- ;.j their dispersion, vapors shall be discharged upward or horizontally .
M. .4 2-3 Inuallation of Underground Tanks.
OJ pf 'g away from closely adjacent walls. Vent outlets shall bc Incaint so ihat flammabic vapors will not be trapped by earcs or other obstructions 2-3.1 Location. Excavation for underground storage tanks shall [
M M,;I and shall be at least 5 ft (1.5 m) from building openings. he made with due care to avoid undermining of foundations of ex-
.h Pt,
... i
- p isting structures. Underground tanks or tanks under buildings shall I i Q pf 2-2.6.3 The manifolding of tank vent piping shall be avoidnl ex. he so locaint with respect to existing building foundations and sup-
@ e r.b j rept where required for special purposes such as vapor recovery. ports that the loads carried by ihe latter cannot be transmittnl to the vapor conservation or air pollution control. When tank vent piping is tank. The distance from any part of a tank storing Clau I liquids to manifolded pipe sires shall he such as to discharge wittun the the nearest wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than I ft g' ig@,O, pressure limitations of the system, the vapors they may be required to (0.3018 m) and to any property line that can be built upon, not less 3 -) handle when manifolded tanks are subject to the same fire exposure. than 3 ft (0.91 m). The di tance from any part of a tank storing Class
, II or Clau Ill liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit or pm-2-2.6.4 Vent piping for tanks storing Clau I liquids shall not be pcrty line shall be not less than I ft (0.3048 m).
w v.g rg
. manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Class 11 or Clau 111 lig- l f g.y uids unicss positive means are providnt to prevent the vapors from Class I hquids imm entermg tanks stormg Class II or Clau Ill hq. 2-3.1 Iturial Depth and Cover. L t
g(j @k y .,j uiis, to prevent contamination (see I.1.2) and possible change in 2-3.2.1 Steel undergmund tanks shall be set on firm foundations
.Gg A classification of the less volatile liquid. and surrounded with at least (i in. (152.4 mm) of noncorrosive inert y ,94 material such as cican sand or gravel well. tamped in place. The tank '.
t 2-2.7 Tank Openings Or'ier Than Vents for Aboveground Tanks. shall be placnt in the hole with care, since dropping or rolling the
[.( g f I 2-2.7.1 Each connection to an aboveground tank thmugh which iank into the hole can break a,wcht, puncture or damage the iank, or pc off the protective coatmg of coated tanks.
I Q c; nJ liquid can normally flow shall be pmvided with an internal or an ex. s y.M q ternal valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank.
[:Ep'NA P . 2-3.2.2 Stect underground tanks shall be covered with a minimum 2-2.7.2 Each connection below the h. quid level through which h.q. ; of 2 ft (.6096 m) of earth, or shall be covered with not less than i It
<N.7,p3 und does not normally flow shall be provu, led with a I !quattight (0.3048 m) of carth, on top of which shall be placed a slab of rein.
h ge ; closure. This may be a valve, plug or blind, or a combmatmn of forced concrete not less than 4 in. (101.6 mm) thick. When they arc.
MIr. g these.
or are likely to be, subjectni to traffic, they shall be protected against damage imm vehicles passing over them by at least 3 ft (0.91 m) of h" 2-2.7.3 Openings for gaging on tanks storing Class I liquids shall be provided with a vaportight cap or cover. Such covers shall be closed car c ver, r 18 in. (p2 mm) of wcWtamped cardi plus c,oher 6 l
((.I g kE' W. 5f.d
. ie when not gaging. in. (152.4 mm) of remforced concrete or 8 m. (203.2 mm) of asphaltic concrete. When asphaltic or remforcnl concrete paving is D 2-2.7.4 For Class Ill and Class IC liquids other than crude oils, usal as part of the pmtectirm, it shall extend, at least I ft (0.3018 m)
N.[hh.'.d'M I
- 9 gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed horizontally beyond the outtme of the tank m all directions.
l M, ih?D as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity. A fill
[h ff. 3.y f .y$
- f. n.f.e s[_
pipe entering the top of a tank shall terminate within 6 in. (152.4 mm) of the bottom of the tank and shall be installed to avoid ex-cessive vibration.
2-3.2.3 Nonmetallic undergro'und tanks shall be installnl in accor-dance with the manufacturcr's instructions. The minimum depth of cover shall be as specified in 2 3.2.2 for steel tanks.
%+ .,,. %. ex - ,
l 3038 FtqyAS).E A$D CpyBysTIBI.E LfQtRDs CODE TANK sMRACE 30 3,9
.b g 2-3.5.5 When tank sent piping is manifolded, pipe sires shall be 2-3.6.6 Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery g ', such as to discharge. within the pressure limitations of the system. shall be protectnl agamst possible vapor release by means of a y y the vapors they can he required to handle when manifolded tanks are sprmg-loaded check valve or dry break connection. or other ap-m filled simultaneously. Float type check valves installed in tank open- pmved device, unless the opemng is pipe-connected to a vapor proc.
4
, ings connected to manifolded vent piping to present prmiuct con. enmg system. Openings designed for combmed fill and vapor tamination may be used provided that the tank pressure will not ex. rn very shall also be protected against vapor release unless connec.
cced that permitted by 2-3.2.4 when the valves close. ti n of the liquid dehvery Ime to the fill pipe simultaneously connects .
L the vapor recovery line. All connections shall be vaportight. G
- Cxception: For sertice stations, the capacity of manifolded sent h l paping shall be sufficient to discharge topors generated when two 2-4 Installation of Tanks Ins.de of Buildings.
i manifolded tanks are simultancowlyfilled. 2-4.1 Location. Tanks shall not be permitted inside of buildings
'% except as provided in Chapters 5. 6. 7. 8 or 9. (
2-3.5.6 Vent piping for tanks storing Class I liquids shall not be :
i manifolded with vent piping for tanks storing Clau II or Class III liq. 2-4.2 Vents. Vents for tanks inside of buildings shall be as re. 9 uids unless positive means are provided to prevent the vapors imm quired in 2 2.4. 2 2.5. 2 2.6.2 and 2 3.5. except that emergency Class I liquids from entering tanks storing Class II or Class III lig- venting by the use of weak roof seams on tanks shall not be per.
uids, to prevent contamination (see 1-1.2) and possible change in mitted. Automatic sprinkler systems designed in accordance with the classification of the less volatile liquid. requirements of NFPA 13. Standardfor the Installation ofSprinkler Systems, may be accepted by the authority having junsdiction as 2-3.6 Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Underground equivalent to water spray systems for purposes of calculating the re. ,
< Ta n ks. quirni air flow rates for emergency vents in 2 2.5.7. Except for tanks .
2-3.6.1 Connections for all tank openings shall be liquidtight.
cbuildings.
ntaining Class IllB liquids. vents _
fM f shall 4 6tterminate A 4 (F outsipe t 4 2-3.6.2 Openings for manual gaging, if independent of the fill # th.
2-4.3 Vent Piping. Vent pipmg shall constructed be%IE m accor-pipe, shall be provided with a liquidtight cap or cover. Covers shall be kept closed when not gaging. Ifinside a building. each such open, dance with Chapter 3.
ing shall be protected against liquid overflow and possible vapor I release by means of a spring loaded check valve or other appmved 2-4 4 Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Tanks Inside device. Build.m gs.
li 2-4.4.1 Connections for all tank openings shall be liquidtight.
J l 2-3.6.3 Fill and discharge lines shall enter tanks only through the
,, , top. Fill lines shall be sloped toward the tank. Undergmund tanks for 2-4.4.2 Each connection to a tank inside of buildings through j
Class I liquids having a capacity of more than 1.000 gal (3.785 L) which liquid can normally flow shall be provided with an internal or
, shall be equipped with a tight fill device for connecting the fill hose an external valve located as close as practical to the shell of the tank.
- to the tank.
I 2-4.4.3 Tanks for storage of Class I or glass II liquids inside 2-3.6.4 For Class IB and Class IC liquids other than crude oils, buildings shall be provided with either:
m g gasolines ami asphalts. the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed (a) a normally closed remotely activated valve.
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as to mmimue the possihihty of generatmg static electricity by ter.
(b) an automatic closing heat-activated valve, or
., mmatmg within 6 m, . (152.4 mm) of the bottom of the tank. .
(c) another approved device on each h. quid transfer connection
$ 2-3.6.5 Filling and emptying and vapor recovery connections for below the liquid level, except for connections used for emergency w
W _ Mhp Class I Class II or Class IIIA liquids which are made and broken shall be locatnl outside of buildings at a location free from any disposal, to provide for qu,ick cut-off of flow m the event of fire m the vicmity of the tank.
^
M source of ignition and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any This function can be incorporated in the valve required in 2 4.4.2
" and if a separate valve, shall be located adjacent to the valve re.
building opening. Such connections shall be closed and liquidtight when not in use and shall be properly identified. quired in 2-4.4.2.
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'. u 30-40 rt.Auuant_r an countesrtst.t uqvms conr._, . ______
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. . .--.-- . - 14 ux st. omace . --.-- -. 30 4 3 Openings for manual gaging of Class I cr Clau Il liquids, if 2-5.1 Tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations made of
, p.Q. J andependent of the fill pipe, shall be provided with a vaportight cap jq ) or cover. Opemngs shall be kept closed when not gaging. Each such concrete, masonry. piling or steel. Tank foundations shall be dc.
opening for any hquid shall be protected against liquid overunw and signed to minimisc the p<mibility of uneven settling of the tank and
- posuble vapor release by means of a spring loaded check valve or to minimire corrosion in any part of the tank resting on the founda.
j l other approved device. Substitutes for manual gaging include, but tion. Appendix E of API Standard 650. Speerfication for Irelded
.; j Steel Tanksfor Od Storage, and Appendix B of API Standard 670
- l are not hmited to heavy-duty flat gage glasses, magncoc. hydraulic Recommended Rules,l for the Design and Cortstruction of Large, or hydrostane remote reading devices and sealed float gages. r gyelded. Low-Pressure Storage Tanks.' provide information on tank 4[ ,, -
, foundations.
. .y 2-4.4.5 For Class ID and Class IC liquids other than crude oils. '
'!
- gasolines and asphalts, the fill pipe shall be so designed and installed 2-5.2 When tanks are supported above the foundations. tank sup.
. g as to minimize the possibility of generating static electricity by ter. ports shall be installed on firm foundations. Supports for tanks stor.
minating within 6 in. (152.4 mm) of the bottom of the tank. '
mg Class I. Class II or Class IIIA hqu ds shall be of concrete.
masonry or protected steel. Single wood timber supports (not crih- t 2-4.4.6 The fill pipe inside of the tank shall be installed to avoid ex. bing) laid horizontally may be used for outside aboveground tanks if
': cessive vibration of the pipe. not more than 12 m. (304.8 mra) high at their lowest pomt.
g l 2-4.4.7 The inlet of the fill pipe and the outlet of a vapor recovery 2-5.3 Steel supports or exposed piling for tanks storing Clau 1. !
r Class 11 or Clan tilA liquids shall be pmtected by materials having a line for which connections are made and broken shall be located out- fire resistance rating of not leu than 2 hrs. except that steel saddics
' side of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and
- ,,3 not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any building opening. Such con- need not be protected if leu than 12 in. (304.8 mm) high at their ;
lowest point. At ihe discretion of the authority having jurisdiction.
nections shall be closed and tight when not in use and shall be pmp-crly identified. water spraf proscetion in accordance with NFPA 15. Standard for g
Water Spray Fsxed Systemsfor Fire Protection, or NFPA IS. Stan.
.i
- dardfor the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, or equivalent may be
{ 2-4.4.8 Tanks storing Class 1. Class II and Class IIIA liquids inside used.
3 y buiklings shall be equipped wi g -
provided, to prevent overflow mto ,th the abuilding.
device,Suitable or other means devices m. shall,be 1 2-5.4 The desi I
- s, c clude, but are not hmucd to. a float valve a preset meter on the fill spheres shall uire req'gn of the special supporting engineering consideration. structureAppendix for tanks N such as a line. a valve actuated by the weight of the tank contents, a low head M PI Standard 620. Recommended Rulesfor the Design and t
pump which is meapab!c of pmducing overflow, or a h,qunitight Irelded. Low Prr.uure Storage Tanks.' con.
.' overflow p,ipe at least one pipe sue larger than the fill pipe discharg. g ing by gravity back to the outside source of liquid or to an approved
. I"C8" "- 2-5.5 Every tank shall be so supported as to prevent the excruive i M concentration of loads on the supporting portion of the shell.
1 2-4.4.9 Tank openings provided for purposes of vapor recovery 2-5.6 Where lg a tank is located in an area subject to flooding, provi-shall be protected against possible vapor release by means of a sions shall be taken to prevent tanks, either full or empty. from g
spring. loaded check valve or dry-break connections, or other ap- floating during a rise in water level up to the established maximum p
.a proved device, unless the opening is pipe-connected to a vapor proc.
Ilood stage. '
f essing system. Openings designed for combined fill and vapor recovery shall also be protected against vapor release unless connec. f 2-5.6.1 Aboveground Tanks.
J tion of the liquid delivery line to he fill pipe simultaneously connects 1 2-5.6.1.1 Each vertical tank shall be located so that its top cxtends g the vapor recovery line. All connections shall be vaportight.
, above the maximum flood stage by at least 30 percent ofits allowahic gg y f.i; 2,-5 Supports, Foundations and Anchorage for All Tank Loca-tions.
storage capacity.
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> a-J 30-42 rl.AMM ABt.E AND CoM RUST BLE LIQUIDS Cone TANK sTORAct 30 43 M - 2-5.6.1.2 Horizontal tanks located so that more than 70 percent of 2-5.6.4 Operating Instructions. j f*.. the tank's storage capacity will be submerged at the established flood stage shall be anchored; attached to a foundation of concrete or of 2-5.6.4.1 Operating instructions or rocedures to be followed in a i secci and concrete of sufficient weight to provide ade uate load for flood emergency shall be readily avai able.
the tank when filled with flammable or combustib e liquid and 2-5.6.4.2 Personnel telied upon to carry out flood emergency pro-f submerged by flood water to the established flood stage; or ade- cedures shall be informed of the location and operation of valves and i quately secured from floating by other means. Tank vents or other other equipment necessary to effect the intent of these requirements. .
openings which are not liquidtight shall be extended above max-e
- imum flood stage water level. 2-5.7 In areas subject to earthquakes. the tank supports and con.
,(;c . ,,,
nections shall be designed to resist damage as a result of such shocks.
<. . p 2-5.6.1.3 A dependable water supply shall be available for filling r an empty or partially filled tank, except that where filling the tank 2-6 Sources of Ignition.
J Q,.jy@ ' g s with water is impractical or harardous because of the tank's contents- 2-6.1 In locations where flammable vapors may be present. precau.
j tanks shall be protected by other means against movement or col- tions shall be taken to prevent ignition by eliminatmg or controlling
! lapse.
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sources of ignition. Sources of ignition may include open flames.
l lightning, smoking, cutting and welding, hot surfaces, frictional 2-5.6.1.4 Spherical or spheroid tanks shall be protected by ap- heat. sparks (static electrical and mechanical), spontaneous igni.
. . '/ .Q g plicable methods as specif ed for either vertical or horizontal tanks. tion chemical and physical chemical reactions and radiant heat.
/d Q NFPA 77. Recommended Practice on Static Electricity. ;nnd NFPA v 78. Lightning Protection Code, provide information on such protec-J 2-5.6.2 Underground Tanks. tion.
- 9 2-5.6.2.1 At locations where ther: is an ample and dependable 3;t water supply available, underground tanks containing flammable or 2-7 Testing.
9 l combustible liquids so placed that more than 70 percent of their 2-7.1 All tanks, whether shop. built or field erected shall be tested Q( ~~
g storage capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood stage, shall be so anchored, weighted or secured as to prevent movement before they are placed in service in accordance with the applicable paragraphs of the Code under which they were built. The ASME t i when filled or loaded with water and submerged by flood water to Code stamp. API monogram, or the Listing Mark of Underwriters .
(
i j the established flood stage. Tank vents or other openings which are Laboratories Inc. on a tank shall be evidence of compliance with this l
. . not liquidtight shall be extended above maximum Dood stage water test. Tanks not marked in accordance with the above Codes shall be
,m . Icvel tested before they are placed in sevice in accordance with good i p engineering principles and reference shall be made to the sections on
= ;..g p.J,i M'jg ^i 2-5.6.2.2 At locations where there is no ample and dependable testing in the Codes listed in 2-1.3.1. 2 1.4.2. or 21.5.2.
Q'g , water supply or where filling of underground tanks with water is im.
2-7.2 When the verticallength of the fill and vent pipes is such that
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practical because of the contents, each tank shall be safeguardc<l agamst movement when empty, and submerged by high ground when filled with liquid the static head imposed upon the bottom of i
.j t water or flood water by anchonng or by securmg by other means. the tank exceeds 10 lbs per sq in. (68.95 kPa), the tank and related
, . . 3 Each such rank shall be so constructed and mstalled that it wdl safely { cad thus imposed. In special cases' where the height of the 4 resist external pressures if submerged.
above the top of the tank is excessive, the hydrostatic test pressure shall be determined by using recognized engineering practice.
2-5.6.3 Water Loading. The filling of a tank to be protected by l : ,
water loading shall be started as soon as flood waters are predicted to 2-7.3 In addition to the test called for in 2 7.1 and 2-7.2. all tanks
-1(. J.'i i . {$*f. I reach a dangerous flood stage. Where independently fueled water pumps are relied upon, sufficient fuel shall be available at all times and connections shall be tested for tightness. Except for underground tanks, this tightness shall be made at operating
'. j to permit continuing operations until all tanks are filled. Tank valves pressure with air, inert gas or water prior to placing the tank in ser-q shall be closed and locked in closed position when water loading has vice. In the case of fiehl erected tanks the test called for in 2 7.1 or
- been completed. 2 7.2 may be considered to be the test for tank tightness, t'
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, '/ 30-44 Ft.AMMASt.E AND COMBUST!BI.JFQUmsCODE ..TA,NKS MtACE 30 45 L j' _. _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ ,_
- i. -
Underground tanks and piping, before being covered. enclosed, or (b) Et,uipped witn an ;ndependent high level alarm located where 1 placed in use. shall be tested for tightness hydrostatically, or with air per onnel are on duty dunng the transfer and can promptly arrange ,;
pressure at not less than 3 lbs per sq in. (20.68 kPa) and not more for flow stoppage or diversion, or than 5 lbs per sq in. (34.4 : '.Pa). (See J-7.1for testing pressure pip-(c) Equipped with an independent high level alarm system that i ins-) will ::utomatically shut down or divert flow, r 2-7.4 Before the tank is initially placed in service. all leaks or defor- 2-10 Ixakage Detection and Inventory Records for Underground
' marions shall be corrected in an acceptable manner. Mechanical Tanks.
( ,
caulking is not, permitted for correcting leaks in welded tanks except pm hole leaks m the roof. 2-10.1 Accurate inventory records or a leak detection program shall be maintained on all Class I Liquid Storage Tanks for indica-2-7.5 Tanks to be operated at pressures below their design pressure tion of possible leakage from the tanks or associated piping. (See may be tested by the applicable rovisions of 2-7.1 or 2-7.2 based . NFM.ds')129. Underground Leakage of Flamntable and Combustible l
r upon the pressure developed un er full emergency venting of the tg7"' 'l tank.
s < .
2-8 Fire Protection and Identification. h 2-8.1 A fire extinguishing system in accordance with an applicable h NFPA standard shall be provided or be available for vertical at- ll mospheric fixed roof storage tanks larger than 50.000 gal (189.250 4{
ll L) capacity storing Class I liquids if located in a congested area
- l where there is an unusual exposure harard to the tank from adjacent .
property or to adjacent property from the tank. Fixed roof tanks stor-p l ing Class !! or Ill liquids at temperatures below their flash points and J
- floating roof tanks storing any liquid generally do not require protec-3 tion when installed in compliance with Section 2 2. '
E 2-8.2 The application of NFPA 704. Identification the Fire flazards ofAfaterials, to storage tanks containing liquids all not be r ired except when the contents have a health or reactivity degree k
, 8 of arard of 2 or more or a flammability rating of 4. The marking l need not be applied directly to the tank but located where it can i I readily be seen. such as on the shoulder of an accessway or walkway I to the tank or tanks or on the piping outside of the diked area. If L more than one tank is involved, the markings shall be so located that each tank can readily be identified.
- I 2-9 Prevention of Overfilling of Tanks.
P W 2-9.1 Tanks receiving transfer of Class I liquids from mainline pp, f pipelin s or marine vessels and located in an area where overfilling M @ may endanger a place of habitation or public assembly shall be L
either: ;
d (a) Caged at frequent intervals while receiving transfer of prod-uct. and communications maintained with mainline pipeline or ei marine personnel so that flow can be promptly shut down or diverted, or ,
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