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Category:MONTHLY OPERATING ANALYSIS REPORT
MONTHYEARML20217E3021999-09-30030 September 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Station.With ML20216E6881999-08-31031 August 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20210R3401999-07-31031 July 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for July 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20209E6191999-06-30030 June 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20195G8231999-05-31031 May 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1999 for Pnps.With ML20206J6611999-04-30030 April 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20205L0221999-03-31031 March 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20207H5451999-02-28028 February 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20206Q2741998-12-31031 December 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20197J3591998-11-30030 November 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20195C9951998-10-31031 October 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20154K0721998-09-30030 September 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20151W8231998-08-31031 August 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20237A9941998-07-31031 July 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20236P0151998-06-30030 June 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20249A3741998-05-31031 May 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.W/Undated Ltr ML20247H2081998-04-30030 April 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20216G3911998-03-31031 March 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20248L2241998-02-28028 February 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Station ML20202G5251998-01-31031 January 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20198L7701997-12-31031 December 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20203D6101997-11-30030 November 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-97-111, Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1997-10-31031 October 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20217H5621997-09-30030 September 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20216J4131997-08-31031 August 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20210J3321997-07-31031 July 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Jul 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20148K4161997-05-31031 May 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20141B9631997-04-30030 April 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20137T5631997-03-31031 March 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20136G7791997-02-28028 February 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20138K5811997-01-31031 January 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20133G5831996-12-31031 December 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-96-106, Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-11-30030 November 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-097, Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-10-31031 October 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20128N2611996-09-30030 September 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-083, Monthly Operating Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station for Aug 1996 Ltr1996-08-31031 August 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station for Aug 1996 Ltr ML20116L0841996-07-31031 July 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Jul 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-066, Monthly Operating Rept for June 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-06-30030 June 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-056, Monthly Operating Rept for May 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-05-31031 May 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20117E0961996-04-30030 April 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-034, Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-03-31031 March 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-023, Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-02-29029 February 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-008, Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1996-01-31031 January 1996 Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1996 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-96-004, Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1995-12-31031 December 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20095E7351995-11-30030 November 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 BECO-LTR-95-116, Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1995-10-31031 October 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20093F5221995-09-30030 September 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-95-097, Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1995-08-31031 August 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-95-081, Monthly Operating Rept for July 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1995-07-31031 July 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for July 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station BECO-LTR-95-071, Monthly Operating Rept for June 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant1995-06-30030 June 1995 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1995 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Plant 1999-09-30
[Table view] Category:TEXT-SAFETY REPORT
MONTHYEARML20217E3021999-09-30030 September 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Station.With ML20212C2921999-09-16016 September 1999 SER Accepting Licensee Request for Relief from ASME Code Section XI Requirements as Endorsed by 10CFR50.55a for Containment Insp for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20216F3511999-09-0808 September 1999 ISI Summary Rept for Refuel Outage 12 at Pnps ML20216E6881999-08-31031 August 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20210R3401999-07-31031 July 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for July 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20209C4731999-07-0707 July 1999 Addendum to SE on Proposed Transfer of Operating License & Matls License from Boston Edison Co to Entergy Nuclear Generation Co ML20209H8251999-07-0101 July 1999 Provides Commission with Evaluation of & Recommendations for Improvement in Processes Used in Staff Review & Approval of Applications for Transfer of Operating Licenses of TMI-1 & Pilgrim Station ML20209E6191999-06-30030 June 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20196H2451999-06-29029 June 1999 SER Denying Licensee Proposed Alternative in Relief Request PRR-13,rev 2.Staff Determined That Proposed Alternative Provides Insufficient Info to Determine Adequacy of Scope of Implementation ML20209A8901999-06-28028 June 1999 SER Accepting Licensee Proposed Alternative to Use Code Case N-573 for Remainder of 10-year Interval Pursuant to 10CFR50.55a(a)(3)(i) ML20209B9861999-06-23023 June 1999 Rev 13A to Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station COLR for Cycle 13 ML20217N9061999-06-21021 June 1999 Rept of Changes,Tests & Experiments for Period of 970422-990621 ML20195K3431999-06-15015 June 1999 Safety Evaluation Granting Licensee Request to Use Guidance of GL 90-05 to Repair Flaws in ASME Class 3 Salt Svc Water System Piping for Plant ML20195G8231999-05-31031 May 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1999 for Pnps.With ML20207E7471999-05-27027 May 1999 Safety Evaluation Granting Request Re Reduction of IGSCC Insp of Category D Welds Due to Implementation of HWC to License DPR-35 ML20206M1971999-05-11011 May 1999 SER Accepting Request for Approval to Repair Flaws in ASME Code Class 3 Salt Svc Water Piping at Plant ML20206J6611999-04-30030 April 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20205L0221999-03-31031 March 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20207J5471999-03-0909 March 1999 Training Simulator,1999 4-Yr Certification Rept ML20207F9401999-03-0101 March 1999 Long Term Program Semi-Annual Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20207H5451999-02-28028 February 1999 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1999 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20196E2151998-12-31031 December 1998 1998 Annual Rept for Boston Edison & Securities & Exchange Commission Form 10-K Rept.With ML20206Q2741998-12-31031 December 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20197J3591998-11-30030 November 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20195C9951998-10-31031 October 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20154K0721998-09-30030 September 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20153D3901998-09-22022 September 1998 Safety Evaluation Granting 970707 Request to Use Guidance in GL 90-05 to Repair Flaws in ASME Class 3 Salt Svc Water Sys Piping for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20197C5011998-09-0404 September 1998 Rev 12C,Pages 4 & 5 to Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Colr ML20197C5471998-08-31031 August 1998 Rev 12C to Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Colr ML20151W8231998-08-31031 August 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.With ML20237E2251998-08-26026 August 1998 Suppl & Revs to SE for Amend 173 for Pigrim Nuclear Power Station ML20237A9941998-07-31031 July 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20236U8201998-07-13013 July 1998 Rev 12B to Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station COLR (Cycle 12) ML20236P0151998-06-30030 June 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for June 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20249A3741998-05-31031 May 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for May 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.W/Undated Ltr ML20247H2081998-04-30030 April 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Apr 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20207B7601998-03-31031 March 1998 Final Rept, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Site-Specific Offsite Radiological Emergency Preparedenss Prompt Alert & Notification System Quality Assurance Verification, Prepared for FEMA ML20216G3911998-03-31031 March 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Mar 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20216J3741998-03-19019 March 1998 Safety Evaluation Accepting Licensee Request to Evaluate Elevated Tailpipe Temp on Safety Relief Valve SRV 203-3B ML20248L2241998-02-28028 February 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Feb 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Station ML20202G5251998-01-31031 January 1998 Monthly Operating Rept for Jan 1998 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20236M8511997-12-31031 December 1997 1997 Annual Rept for Boston Edison & Securities & Exchange Commission Form 10-K Rept ML20198L7701997-12-31031 December 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Dec 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20203D6101997-11-30030 November 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Nov 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20202D5761997-11-0808 November 1997 1997 Evaluated Exercise BECO-LTR-97-111, Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station1997-10-31031 October 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Oct 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20217D6431997-10-0101 October 1997 Safety Evaluation Granting Request for Approval to Repair Flaws in Accordance W/Gl 90-05 for ASME Class 3 SSW Piping for Pilgrim ML20217H5621997-09-30030 September 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Sept 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20216J4131997-08-31031 August 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Aug 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station ML20210J3321997-07-31031 July 1997 Monthly Operating Rept for Jul 1997 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station 1999-09-08
[Table view] |
Text
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M sosronemson Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Rocky Hdt Road <
Ptymouth, Massachusetts 02300 .
Nuclear operatens April 13, 1990 BECo Ltr. #90-054 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Attention: Docement Control Desk Hachington, DC 20555 License No. DPR-35 Docket No. 50-293_
Subject:
March 1990 Monthly Report
Dear Sir:
In accordance with PNPS Technical Specification 6.9.A.2, a copy of the Operational Status Summary for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station is attached for your information and planning. Should you have any questions concerning this report please contact me directly.
l K.L. Highfil lP HJM:bal j Attachment cc: Regional Administraior, Region i U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 475 Allendale Rd.
King of Prussia, PA 19406 I
Senior Resident Inspector.
l 0
gy/r 9004200583 900331 ADOCK0500g~3 g [
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{DR
- AVERAGE DAILY UNIT POWER LEVEL
'**- 50-293 DOCKET NO.
UNIT Pilarim 1 DATE April 13. 1990 W. Munro COMPLETED BY TELEPHONE (508) 747-8474 MONTH March 1990,_
DAY AVERAGE DAILY POWER LEVEL DAY AVERAGE DAILY POWER LEVEL ,
(MHe-Net) (MHe-Net) ;
1 664 . 17 .
0 2 664 18 0 3 663 __ 19 0 .
4 664 20 0 5 664 21 0 6 664 22 0 ,
7 663 23 0 8 662 24 0 9 607 25 0 10 295 26 0 '
I 11 25 27 0 j 12 0 28 0 13 0 29 A e 14 0 30 0 i
15 0 31 0 _
l 16 0 This format lists the average daily unit power level in MWe-Net for each day '
in the reporting month, computed to the nearest whole megawatt.
O e -
o OPERATING DATA REPORT DOCKET NO. _, 50-293 DATE __Anril 13. 1990 COMPLETED BY .N. Munro TELEPHONE . L508) 747-8474 OPERATING STATUS Notes
- l. Unit Name Pilarim 1 z
- 2. Reporting Period March 1990
- 3. Licensed Thermal Power (MHt) 1998 :
- 4. Nameplate Rating (Gross MHe) 678
- 5. Design Electrical Rating (Net HHe) 655
- 6. Maximum Dependable Capacity (Gross MWe)___121
- 7. Maximum Dependable Capacity (Net MHe) 670
- 8. If Changes Occur in Capacity Ratings (Items Number 3 Through 7) Since Last Report. Give Reasons: "
None
- 9. Power Level To Which Restricted, If Any (Net HHe) None
- 10. Reasons'ForRestrictions,IfAny N/A This Month Yr-to-Date Cumulative
- 11. Hours In Reporting Period 744.0 2160.0 151728.0
- 12. Number Of Hours Reactor Has Critical 250 3 1666.3 87071.5
- 13. Reactor Reserve Shutdown Hours 0.9 0.0 0.0
- 14. Hours Generator On-Line 244.9 1660.9 83790.2
- 15. Unit Reserve Shutdown Hours 0.0 0.0 0.0
- 16. Gross Thermal Energy Generated (1:WH) 452808.0 3258864.0 14?743776.0
- 17. Gross Electrical Energy Generated (MWH) 155530.0 1125800 0 _11162624.0
- 18. Net Electrical Energy Generated (MHH) 149662.0 108375.2 46466936.0
- 19. Unit Service Factor 32.9 76.9 55.2 s
- 20. Unit Availability Factor 32.9 762 2 55.2
- 21. Unit Capacity Factor (Using HDC Net) _30.0 7419 45.7
- 22. Unit Capacity Factor (Using DER Net) 30.7 76.6 46.8
- 23. Unit Forced Outage Rate 0.0 0.Q 12,7
- 24. Shutdowns Scheduled Over Next 6 Months (Type. Date, and Duration of Each):
Maintenance Outaae March 9. 1990 for a duration of 39 days.
- 25. If Shut Down At End Of Repcrt Period Estimated Date of Startup - ADril 17.191Q
- 26. Units In Test Status (Prior to Commercial Operation): N/A Forecast Achieved INITIAL CRITICALITY __
INITIAL ELECTRICITY COMMERCIAL OPERATION . ;
(9/77) L:
BOSTON EDISON COMPANY
, PILGRIM NUCLEAi! POWER STATION
DOCKET NO. 50-293 Operational Summarv for March 1990 The unit remained on line at approximately 100 percent thermal power until 3-9-90 when a controlled shutdown was initiated to facilitate the mid cycle maintenance outage. The reduction in power continued until 0450 hours0.00521 days <br />0.125 hours <br />7.440476e-4 weeks <br />1.71225e-4 months <br /> on 3-11-90 when the turbine generator was removed from service. All control rods were fully inserted at 1017 hours0.0118 days <br />0.283 hours <br />0.00168 weeks <br />3.869685e-4 months <br /> on 3-11-90.
Safety Relif f Valve Challenges Month of March 1990 Requirement: NUREG-0737 T.A.P. II.K.3.3 ;
There were no safety relief valve challenges during the reporting period.
An SRV challenge is defined as anytime an SRV has received a signal to operate via reactor pressure, auto signal (ADS) or control switch (manual). Ref. BECo ,
Ltr. #81-01 dated 01/05/81.
b 6
l l
, . . REFUELING INF.ORMATION j l
The following refueling information is included in the Monthly Report as i requested in an NRC letter to BECo, dated January 18, 1978: j For your convenience, the information supplied has been enumerated so that. 4 each number corresponds to equivalent notation utilized in the request.
- 1. The name of this facility is Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Docket Number l 50-293. ;
- 2. Scheduled date for next Refueling Shutdown: Acond Quarter 1991
- 3. Scheduled date for restart following refueling: l Second Quarter 1991
- 4. Due to their similarity, requests 4, 5, & 6 are responded to collectively )
under #6.
- 5. See #6. l
- 6. The new fuel loaded during the 1986/87 refueling outage was of the same design as loaded in the previous outage, and consisted of 192 assemblies.
- 7. (a) There are 580 fuel assemblies in the core.
(b) There are 1320 fuel assemblies in the spent fuel pool.
- 8. (a) The station is presently licensed to store 2320 spent fuel assemblies. The actual usable spent fuel storage capacity is 2320 fuel assemblies.
(b) The planned spent fuel storage capacity is 2320 fuel assemblies.
- 9. With present spent fuel in storage, the spent fuel pool now has the capacity to accommodate an additional 1000 fuel assemblies.
t
\
Month' March 1990 PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION ] ,
MAJOR SAFETY RELATED MAINTENANCE '.
SYSTEM COMPONENT MALFUNCTION CAUSE MAINTENANCE CORRECTIVE ACTION TO ASSOCIATED PREVENT RECURRENCE LER High M0 2301-9 Valve failed to Failure of The nisa11gned contact Torque switch sched- N/A~
Pressure HPCI Pump go fully closed switch clos- support was tightened uled for replacement Coolant Discharge Valve via Control Room ing contacts to preclude recurrence. during the mid-cycle Injection Panel C903 control to makeup due outage.
System switch while perf- to misalign-(HPCI) orming HPCI Simul- ment in the ated Automatic contact supp-Actuation Test. ort and snap (F&MR 90-16) action of the torque switch.
Feedwater Outboard Feed- Check valve failed Under Valve soft seat Refs.- to associated LER 90-004-00 System water Check scheduled Local investigation material, bushings LER.
(FH) Valve Leak Rate testing. and hinge pins have CV-261-62A (F&MR 90-62) been replaced.
Recirculation Recirc MG Set Instability in Aging of the Recirc. Speed Con',rol N/A N/A.
System "B" the speed cont- electronic modification PDC 90-14 (Recirc) rol function components of has been incorporated Motor Gen- loop. the MG set. Into 'B" Recirc.
erator Set (F&MR 90-49) MG Set. MG Set "A" (MG) is scheduled to be modified during the mid
, cycle outage.
Containment Excess Flow Operability of Personnel Check valves CK-125 A&B Refer to associated LER 90-001-00 and Reactor Check Valves check valves was error. were replaced per LER.
Systems. CK-125A and inappropriately PDC 90-32.
CK-125B. verified during performance of Surveillance Proc- '
edure 8.M.3-2 functional test.
(F&MR 90-32)
CIT SHUTDOHNS AND POWER REDUCTIONS DOCKET NO. 50-293 "
NAME P11eria 1 DATE' April 13. 1990. 1*
COMPLETED BY N Munro , ;
TELEPHONE (508) 747-8474 REPORT MONTH March IJJQ
~
METHOD OF LICENSE CAUS'E / CORRECTIVE NO. DATE TYPEI DURATION (HOURS) REASON 2 SHUTTING DONN REACTOR 3 EVENT REPORT #
SYSTEg CODE g ENT ACTIS TO PREVENTIVE RECURRENCE 02 03/11/90 S 499.1 B 1 N/A N/A N/A Shutdown for midcycle maintenance outage.
1 2 2 3 4&5 F-Forced A-Equip Failure F-Admin 1-Manual Exhibit F & H S-Sched B-Maint or Test G-Oper Error 2-Manual Scram Instructions for C-Refueling H-Other 3-Auto Scram Preparation of.
D-Regulatory Restriction 4-Continued Data Entry Sheet E-Operator Training 5-Reduced Load Licensee Event Report-
& License Examination 9-Other: -(LER) File (NUREG-1022)
- _ . - . _ . _ . , . . , . . . . .. . ~ , . . . - .- . . _ . _ . - _ . . . . _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ . . .._. R