ML20024A204
| ML20024A204 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 12/01/1981 |
| From: | James Shea NRC OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS (OIP) |
| To: | Gilinsky V NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20024A198 | List: |
| References | |
| FOIA-82-334 NUDOCS 8306160107 | |
| Download: ML20024A204 (7) | |
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i Q:
In his letter to this and other congressional committees, Chairman Palladino stated that "The NRC is concerned that the IAEA safeguards system would not detect a diversion in at least some types of facilities."
What types of facilities? Can you elaborate?
A:
I cannot. comment in open session.
Q:
Does the information provided by former IAEA inspectors Morgan and Richter
(
provide the basis for the Commission's conce'rns?-
A: The information publicly available provides specifics about problems, but it does not of itself signal any new problems. It was, of course, taken into account by Commissioners in their consideration of the letter.
Q:
Has there been a diversion of IAEA safeguarded nuclear material?
4 A:
I have no information confirming that a diversion has taken place, nor can I state with confidence that no diversions have taken place.
[Perhaps elaborate on the IAEA goal quantities for detection versus the potential for small diversions.]
Q:
Does NRC have any other recent information on the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards which generated these concerns? or about attempts by a particular country to divert nuclear material?
-~~~
A:
I cannot comment in open session.
4 Q: Would these suggestions which you have made rectify your concerns about the effectiveness of IAEA safeguards?
A: While they would help to improve the situation, they would not resolve all our concerns.
[If ask'ed to elaborate, cannot comment further in open session.]
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Was the Comission's November 27th letter triggered by new information?
A:
There are new Commissioners who have been reviewing all relevant safeguards-i related information including that related to recent events, and the Commission deemed it necessary at this time to write to Congress.
(Further' detail classified';)
Q:
Why has the Commission continued to license exports for the last several years when there are such problems with safeguards?
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Question
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l Can you comment on Mexico's recent interest in obtaining, possibly from the U.S., several billion dollars worth of nuclear equipment, fuel and technology, eventually to include the supply of sensitive reprocessing and enrichment technology?
Answer
~
Mexico is interested primarily in obtaining a long teral supply commitment for its next-generation of nuclear power reactors.
This is a 20,000 K4 program planned for completion over the next 20 years.
Initial requests for bids were announced in October for the.first 2,000 KJ increment of this pr'6 ram and NRC 9
~
has received from General Electric two export' license applications for the initial two reactors plus fuel. There appears to be no major obstacle to approving these initial hardware and fuel exports provided Mexico furnishes the U.S. with the appropriate assurances that the applicable export licensing criter.ia are met.
In addition, however, Mexico is also interested over the long term in obtaining extensive technology transfers to improve their own nuclear fuel cycle capabilities in the areas of uranium mining and exploration, enrichment, fuel fabrication, reprocessing and waste storage.
Such transfers, especially in the areas of reprocessi'ng and enrichment technology, have obvious additional non-proliferation concerns and would require careful scrutiny by all interested agencies, inc5u' ding NRC, before approval.
~
F.Y.l.
A senior level U.S. team is currently in Mexico discussing various aspects of U.S./ Mexico nuclear cooperation.
The team includes Joe LaFleur from NRC/IP who will be discussing matters in the area of health and safety -
exchanges.
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- Question What role does NRC play in reviewing dual-use component and material exports licensed by the Department of Commerce?
Answer NRC is a member of the interagency Subgroup on Nuclear Export Coordination (SNEC) which meets regularly to review sensitive nuclear-related export license applications. These cases include NRC, Commerce and ' DOE licensed nuclear exports.
With respect to Commerce cases, NRC has requested Commerce to consult with NRC on all applications falling under certain nuclear-related commodity designations. These include exports of bulk zirconibm, beryllium, nuclear power plant components and several other items.
Of particular concern at this time have been attempts by Pakistan to obtain Commerce Department licensed items for use in their unsafeguarded reprocessing and enrichment programs.
For example, NRC has been kept informed by, the Executive l
Branch regarding the recent attempted illegal export of bulk zirconium to Pakistan through New York without application for an export license.
NRC is particularly interested in zirconium exports because, when fabricated into l
completed nuclear reactor components, zirconium is subject to NRC's direct export licensing authority. To date, we are not aware of any attempts to illegally export NRC licensed items to Pakistan.
l l
Other Commerce Department-licensed exports subject to careful interagency l
review include advanced computer exports.
The great majority of such exports i
are for legitimate end-uses in banks and other commercial or governmental l
non-nuclear areas. The U.S., however, coordinates closely with other computer exporters in an effort to prevent the unauthorized diversion of advanced computers to sensitive nuclear activities in countries with significant proliferation concerns. The NRC is kept fully infonned of all these activities through the interagency review mechanism and is fully satisfied with the
'5ecutive Branch's efforti ~in this area.
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Q: What were the Conraission concerns with regard. to the latest Tokai-Mura arrangement?
A: With respect to the recently approved reprocessing arrangement at Tokai-Mura in Japan, in a letter to DOE, I, along with the other NRC Commissioners, raised three basic issues, some with. respect to the specific Tokai Mura arrangement and others, more generally, with respect to the application of safeguards at reprocessing facilities:
1.
The Commission noted that the Joint Deter'mination regarding safeguardability of the Tokai reprocessing facility should have been explicitly limited to a particular period instead of being open ended. H'owever, we expressed confidence that both the Japanese and U.S. Governments intend to so limit the determination.
2.
We also noted that, despite Japan's formal agreement to work with the IAEA in development of new safeguards equipment and techniques, and to 4
incorporate such new safeguards measures into the existing safeguards measures at the Tokai reprocessing facility, there are a number of important technical issues regarding the application of safeguards at reprocessing plants and the ability of the IAEA to meet its stated goal for detecting the diversion of a significant quantity (8 kilograms) of plutonium, particularly doing so within its 'timelinessI~ criterion.
We further noted that, while progress was being made in this area, it appeared clear that the problem would remain for the forseeable future.
In addition, we expressed disappointment that -DOE' had not explicitly.
addressed the technical effectiveness of safeguards issues in its analysis
- of the Tokai arrangement. We urged that vigorous efforts be made to resolve the remaining technical safeguards issues, including incorporation of new safeguards approaches in a negotiated facility 4
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j attachment before a permanent Tokai-Mura agreement is reached. The Commission hiso stated its belief that DOE's disclaimer regarding the safeguardability of Purex reprocessing plants, -in general, which was
.provided in connection.with previous Toka'i agreements, should have been retained for the current arrangement.
3' The Commission also expressed concern about the ambiguity relating to the end use of the separated plutonium, noting that in previous agreements, Japan agreed that the mixed oxide fuel obtained from reprocessing would be used exclusively for its fast breeder and advanced reactor R&D program.~ (The 'new agreement merely states Japan's intended.use of the material). This modification is of concern since NRC had relied on the previous language for assurances that separated plutonium would not be transferred out of Japan without U.S. approval.
We then urged that an explicit written retransfer pledged be secured from Japan as part of the permanent Tokai solution.
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