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{{#Wiki_filter:-S 6 INSTALLATION AND INITIAL OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH THE CROSSFLOW ULTRASONIC FLOW AND TEMPERATURE SYSTEMS AT SONGS UNITS 2 AND 3 Dr. Vahid Askari AMAG, Inc.Joseph G. Murray Michael J. Schwaebe SONGS/SCEýý 2m  
{{#Wiki_filter:-   S 6
..- i _-temperature, and transients during startup. The interface software also made a comparison of the calculated and measured parameter aI demo6nstrated the system s exceientperformance, sensitivity, and robustness under various operating conditions.
INSTALLATION AND INITIAL OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH THE CROSSFLOW ULTRASONIC FLOW AND TEMPERATURE SYSTEMS AT SONGS UNITS 2 AND 3 Dr. Vahid Askari AMAG, Inc.
The actual increase in power generation was approximately half the expected amount due to an unanticipated, non-conservative error in the final feedwater process temperature.
Joseph G. Murray Michael J. Schwaebe SONGS/SCE
Nomenclature In the discussions that follow, "correction factor" (CD is used in reference to the output of the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM systems. The correction factors are calculated for feedwater and steam flows as follows. The correction factors for blowdown flow and temperatures are similar.FW~i, C 1 (feedwater)  
                                        ýý 2m
= (I)(FW -Blowdown , Cf (steam ) = (2)INTRODUCTION CROSSFLOW  
 
& CORRTEMP PIPING HARDWARE CONFIGURATION The TYPICAL locations of installed CROSSFLOW (UFM) and CORRTEMP (UTM) brackets on both feedwater lines are shown in Figure 1. For each unit a total of 8 brackets were installed (4 UFM and 4 UTM). All of the feedwater brackets were installed downstream of the venturi on a long straight run of 18" Schedule 100 pipe. The Blowdown brackets were installed on very long straight runs of 4" piping in the same area of the feedwater bracket installations.
                                        . .- i _-
The location of the Blowdown brackets was decided in part on using a common junction box with the feedwater transmitters.
temperature, and transients during startup. The interface software also made a comparison of the calculated and measured parameter *ales aI demo6nstrated the system s exceientperformance, sensitivity, and robustness under various operating conditions. The actual increase in power generation was approximately half the expected amount due to an unanticipated, non-conservative error in the final feedwater process temperature.
The two ultrasonic brackets for each line, the UTM and UFM, were installed very close to each other with a clear spacing of 5 inches. The close spacing made it possible to use the same cable conduit and a single insulation assembly on both brackets in each line. Each insulation assembly consisted of a metallic cover and insulation blanket was used to protect the transducers.
Nomenclature In the discussions that follow, "correction factor" (CD is used in reference to the output of the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM systems. The correction factors are calculated for feedwater and steam flows as follows. The correction factors for blowdown flow and temperatures are similar.
The metallic insulation helped to minimize mechanical damage to the transducers and associated cables, for instance by people walking on the insulation.
FW~i, C1 (feedwater) =                                                                           (I)
Figure 2 shows a completed installation on the blowdown lines.6-3 4 --a -£"Sess-iqn)'.
(FW     - Blowdown         ,
Figure 1: SONGS, typical UFM and UTM installations Figure 2: Insulated UFM & UTM installations on blowdown lines The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP instruments and interface with the plant computer are described in more detail in Reference (4).INSTALLATION AND STARTUP CHALLENGES The major challenges were the U2 feedwater UFM bracket location, UFM Blowdown flow measurement, ACL configuration, and software interface at the plant computer.
Cf (steam ) =                                                                               (2)
U2 bracket location, blowdown flow and ACL configuration are discussed below. The software interface at 6-4 2 7 0 n-SeS.S.ion the plant computer was pot ready for the scheduled the power uprate, necessitating manual ifrnplenntatidn; which is discussed beaow. it should be noted that, with th-e exCteptiI uf oe ultrasonic temperature probe failure-and a "National Instruments data acquisition card" driver anomaly during the U2 UTM system startup, there have been -no UFM or UTM equipment or software problems.Unit 2 Feedwater UFM Bracket Location During the pipe bracket installation and test phases at Unit 2, the steel piping at the preferred location > 15 L/Ds downstream of the feedwater venturis was found to have poor acoustic properties.
INTRODUCTION CROSSFLOW & CORRTEMP PIPING HARDWARE CONFIGURATION The TYPICAL locations of installed CROSSFLOW (UFM) and CORRTEMP (UTM) brackets on both feedwater lines are shown in Figure 1. For each unit a total of 8 brackets were installed (4 UFM and 4 UTM). All of the feedwater brackets were installed downstream of the venturi on a long straight run of 18" Schedule 100 pipe. The Blowdown brackets were installed on very long straight runs of 4" piping in the same area of the feedwater bracket installations. The location of the Blowdown brackets was decided in part on using a common junction box with the feedwater transmitters.
The CROSSFLOW UFM technology employs the pipe wall in acoustic transmission and reception and requires the pipe to transmit a strong acoustic signal. The acoustic properties of the piping at the planned location were not suitable even with a pre amplifier for the 600+ feet transducer cable. The brackets were moved upstream to chrome-moly piping installed due to flow accelerated corrosion (FAC). UFM measurements at the new locations, 7 to 9 L/Ds downstream of the FW venturis and >84-90 L/Ds downstream of elbows, were found to be biased, necessitating a cross calibration only after ruling out other potential contributing factors.(This is an example of Murphy's Law applied to a project with a tight schedule and great management visibility.)
The two ultrasonic brackets for each line, the UTM and UFM, were installed very close to each other with a clear spacing of 5 inches. The close spacing made it possible to use the same cable conduit and a single insulation assembly on both brackets in each line. Each insulation assembly consisted of a metallic cover and insulation blanket was used to protect the transducers. The metallic insulation helped to minimize mechanical damage to the transducers and associated cables, for instance by people walking on the insulation. Figure 2 shows a completed installation on the blowdown lines.
In this cross calibration, the permanent CROSSFLOW meters were installed just downstream of the feedwater venturi at about 7 to 9 L/D and temporary CROSSFLOW meters at >15 L/D downstream concurrently.
6-3
The > 15 L/D location was found to be suitable for short transducer cable lengths with pre amplification.
 
Precautions were taken to minimize total error in the cross ,calibration factors. These included multiple sets of piping measurements, UFM instrumentation in multiplex mode for concurrent upstream and downstream flow measurement, and long data runs. The cross calibration factors were developed and applied to both feedwater lines.UFM Blowdown Flow SONGS utilizes both a feedwater and a steam based calorimetric calculation of reactor power.The steam based calorimetric of reactor power is the preferred indication because it is independent of the feedwater venturi, is not susceptible to rapid changes in-condition, and provides a signal with less noise than the feedwater calorimetric calculation.
4-     -   a               "Sess-iqn)'.
The steam flow correction factor is the ratio of UFM feedwater minus UFM blowdown to the process plant steam flow. UFM blowdown flow availability was found to be a function of plant conditions and blowdown flow rate.At each Unit, the blowdown piping runs from two steam generators through containment isolation valves'and check valves several hundred feet to control valves at the inlet to the Blowdown flash tank. The system has a fluid resonance and piping vibration in the range of 10 to 15 H1, which. isjin the same frequency range as the demodulated signals from theultrasonic 6-5 e,, I --ios 7=Se.§9ion U flow measurement.
                                        -    £ Figure 1: SONGS, typical UFM and UTM installations Figure 2: Insulated UFM & UTM installations on blowdown lines The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP instruments and interface with the plant computer are described in more detail in Reference (4).
The'background noise from the resonance and vibration interfere with the cross correlation process. Sometimes the blowdown flow is so great that there is two phase flow in the piping at the measurement location which interrupts both the UFM and UTM.Successful UFM measurement was accomplished through selective tuning of blowdown transducer frequency ranges-at selected Blowdown flow rates. Outlying data points were eliminated through a CROSSFLOW software modification which would exclude data outside of a 3 sigma band based upon the previous ten data points. In the near future, the Algorithm and Communication Layer (ACL) software will be modified such that a default blowdown correction factor can be applied to plant blowdown flow in the steam correction factor algorithm.
INSTALLATION AND STARTUP CHALLENGES The major challenges were the U2 feedwater UFM bracket location, UFM Blowdown flow measurement, ACL configuration, and software interface at the plant computer. U2 bracket location, blowdown flow and ACL configuration are discussed below. The software interface at 6-4
A default blowdown correction will allow the ACL to calculate steam flow correction factors when UFM blowdown is not available.
 
Review of the manual calculation data and CROSSFLOW system generated correction factor data show that the blowdown correction factors are relatively steady and very stable, i.e., typical change over a several day/week period is in the 4 th decimal place. In the long term, the CROSSFLOW software will be modified to provide a selectable window for the cross correlation frequency range.Algorithm  
7 0
& Communication Layer (ACL)The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements are not used as instantaneous indications of the plant process. Rather, the measurements are applied as long term averages of several hours of data in order to meet uncertainty requirements.
2 n             -SeS.S.ion the plant computer was pot ready for the scheduled the power uprate, necessitating manual ifrnplenntatidn; which is discussed beaow. it should be noted that, with th-e exCteptiI ufoe ultrasonic temperature probe failure-and a "National Instruments data acquisition card" driver anomaly during the U2 UTM system startup, there have been -no UFM or UTM equipment or software problems.
The ACL. performs automatic calculation of correction factors for both the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements, and provides these to the plant computer every 4 minutes. Refer to Reference (TBD) for a more detailed description of ACL operation.
Unit 2 Feedwater UFM Bracket Location During the pipe bracket installation and test phases at Unit 2, the steel piping at the preferred location > 15 L/Ds downstream of the feedwater venturis was found to have poor acoustic properties. The CROSSFLOW UFM technology employs the pipe wall in acoustic transmission and reception and requires the pipe to transmit a strong acoustic signal. The acoustic properties of the piping at the planned location were not suitable even with a pre amplifier for the 600+ feet transducer cable. The brackets were moved upstream to chrome-moly piping installed due to flow accelerated corrosion (FAC). UFM measurements at the new locations, 7 to 9 L/Ds downstream of the FW venturis and >84-90 L/Ds downstream of elbows, were found to be biased, necessitating a cross calibration only after ruling out other potential contributing factors.
The calculations are based upon data sets inlong-term buffers.The initial buffer size was set for about 8 hours and the final setup was about 30 hours. The buffer size was extended to provide smoothed correction factors and, therefore, indication of reactor power. Figure 3 shows the calculated variations of the correction factors using various buffer sizes. Figure 4 shows the calculated main steam calorimetric reactor power level using the final buffer size of 450 points versus the real power level. The criterion used for buffer size was that the correction factor variation be the same or less than the variation in indicated reactor power.6-6 9"essi n Figure 3: Main Steam Correction Factor Trends as a Function of Buffer Size 6-7 aS Ion--, U3 3 days (1/8-1111)
(This is an example of Murphy's Law applied to a project with a tight schedule and great management visibility.)
MSBSCAL vs calculated AMAG MSBSCAL 100.00 .0 99.95 1.0020 99.90 N : 1.0015 99.85 1.0010 99.80 =CL 3CV9616 9) -AMAG auto MSSSCAL-099.75005
In this cross calibration, the permanent CROSSFLOW meters were installed just downstream of the feedwater venturi at about 7 to 9 L/D and temporary CROSSFLOW meters at >15 L/D downstream concurrently. The > 15 L/D location was found to be suitable for short transducer cable lengths with pre amplification. Precautions were taken to minimize total error in the cross
<Co~r3 SG1 AMAG Cf C" 997SG2 AMAG Cf 99.70 1.0000 99.. 5 99.85~ __0.9995 99.80 01.9990 99.55 99.50 0.9985 Days Figure 4: MSBSCAL with 30 Hour Buffer 6-8 on I POWER UPRATE The uprate history and manual implementation are discussed in the following sections.Unit 3 The U3 power uprate of 1.4% was implemented successfully 8/16/01. The uprate was made possible by manual calculation and utilization of new feedwater venturi coefficientsand MSBIAS terms, and Blowdown flow and feedwater temperatures based upon the highly accurate ultrasonic flow and temperature measurements.
  ,calibration factors. These included multiple sets of piping measurements, UFM instrumentation in multiplex mode for concurrent upstream and downstream flow measurement, and long data runs. The cross calibration factors were developed and applied to both feedwater lines.
In this new process, the reactor power calorimetric total'loop uncertainty is approximately 0.5%. The uncertainty of the old process was greater than 1.5%.The chart below shows a visual picture of the implementation process. The correction factors were manually installed in the plant computer about 11 am. The controlling reactor power at implementation was based upon FWBSCAL (CV9615), and the indication increased about 0.8%immediately with no increase in generation.
UFM Blowdown Flow SONGS utilizes both a feedwater and a steam based calorimetric calculation of reactor power.
This immediate change was due to the fact that the old FWBSCAL reactor power indication with its 1.5% uncertainty was indicating 0.8% less than the new more accurate process. MSBSCAL (CV9616), the reactor power based upon steam flowsteam flow, was calibrated at power uprate time, and this is the reason for the large step change.The component errors of this 0.8% error in FWBSCAL were as follows: Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total of 0.53%.Pipe area error (flow) associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.391/o. (We had used the UFM with the old style aluminum brackets, circa 1997 test equipment, to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at start of this operating cycle.)Blowdown error, -0.11%.The power increase was started about 1230 and Unit 3 reached full power about 1315. The chart shows a 9 to 10 MWe increase in generation from the starting point of 98.3% to full reactor power, nominally 1153 to 1162 Mwe (JT8000, right axis). SONGS Unit 3 had an unrealized benefit of 8 MWe due to process error from the start of operating cycle to this time to power uprate time, and an additional benefit of 8 MWe as a result of the power uprate using the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instrumentation.
The steam based calorimetric of reactor power is the preferred indication because it is independent of the feedwater venturi, is not susceptible to rapid changes in-condition, and provides a signal with less noise than the feedwater calorimetric calculation. The steam flow correction factor is the ratio of UFM feedwater minus UFM blowdown to the process plant steam flow. UFM blowdown flow availability was found to be a function of plant conditions and blowdown flow rate.
Unit 3 would have realized a 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.6L9 a -I e s Figure 5: Unit 3 Power Uprate Unit 2 U2 Power uprate was implemented shortly after noon on 12/12/01.
At each Unit, the blowdown piping runs from two steam generators through containment isolation valves'and check valves several hundred feet to control valves at the inlet to the Blowdown flash tank. The system has a fluid resonance and piping vibration in the range of 10 to 15 H1,which. isjin the same frequency range as the demodulated signals from theultrasonic 6-5
MSBSCAL (CV9616)changed exactly as expected.
 
Indicated reactor power changed 0.7 to 0.8% step change with the new FW venturi coefficients, MSBIAS change, and Blowdown and FW temperature corrections, similar to U3 with no increase in generation.
7=
Most of the correction was in final feedwater temperature.
e,,       I -     -   ios             Se.&sect;9ion U flow measurement. The'background noise from the resonance and vibration interfere with the cross correlation process. Sometimes the blowdown flow is so great that there is two phase flow in the piping at the measurement location which interrupts both the UFM and UTM.
The small spread in the two reactor power indications shown in the chart was due to feedwater coefficient calculation methodology and was eliminated with subsequent application of feedwater correction factors.SONGS Unit 2 realized about 10 MWe at power uprate time as shown in the chart below.Megawatts (JT8000), the right vertical axis in this chart, increased from 1177.5 to 1187.5. As in Unit 3, Unit 2 would have realized 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.6-10 "M-a--TreI' --IUI l_.Pl W-iM _P DNA History Plot..C -----------------------
Successful UFM measurement was accomplished through selective tuning of blowdown transducer frequency ranges-at selected Blowdown flow rates. Outlying data points were eliminated through a CROSSFLOW software modification which would exclude data outside of a 3 sigma band based upon the previous ten data points. In the near future, the Algorithm and Communication Layer (ACL) software will be modified such that a default blowdown correction factor can be applied to plant blowdown flow in the steam correction factor algorithm. A default blowdown correction will allow the ACL to calculate steam flow correction factors when UFM blowdown is not available. Review of the manual calculation data and CROSSFLOW system generated correction factor data show that the blowdown correction factors are relatively steady and very stable, i.e., typical change over a several day/week period is in the 4 th decimal place. In the long term, the CROSSFLOW software will be modified to provide a selectable window for the cross correlation frequency range.
r ------ .....- ----------------  
Algorithm & Communication Layer (ACL)
--.-19.! I.---'- -I -----------------------------
The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements are not used as instantaneous indications of the plant process. Rather, the measurements are applied as long term averages of several hours of data in order to meet uncertainty requirements. The ACL. performs automatic calculation of correction factors for both the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements, and provides these to the plant computer every 4 minutes. Refer to Reference (TBD) for a more detailed description of ACL operation. The calculations are based upon data sets inlong-term buffers.
.............
The initial buffer size was set for about 8 hours and the final setup was about 30 hours. The buffer size was extended to provide smoothed correction factors and, therefore, indication of reactor power. Figure 3 shows the calculated variations of the correction factors using various buffer sizes. Figure 4 shows the calculated main steam calorimetric reactor power level using the final buffer size of 450 points versus the real power level. The criterion used for buffer size was that the correction factor variation be the same or less than the variation in indicated reactor power.
r ............  
6-6
,...........  
 
.""'1 , "" :* 1 .-........  
9"essi n Figure 3: Main Steam Correction Factor Trends as a Function of Buffer Size 6-7
....... ...............  
 
." " II , 5-1 .5 --- -- -- ---",-----.....
aS     Ion-U3 3 days (1/8-1111) MSBSCAL vs calculated AMAG MSBSCAL 100.00                                                                 .0 99.95 1.0020 99.90 N : 1.0015 99.85 1.0010 99.80                                                                       =
.- 117"7.5 " S1175 0-SONGS' U2PN1S.C~vt15 SEC; CAL PWRESDCA&#xfd;e-SONGS LQPIMS.CV&#xfd;16SECCL51V5 AED01 Y-SONSV2MSJ230OMAIN GEN GROSS MW(Y) -Wffl* S&#xfd;o Wlt Figure 6: Unit 2 Power Uprate History Manual Implementation and Correction Factor History The plant computer software interface was not ready when SONGS was licensed for the 1.42%power uprate. A process was developed to provide for manual calculation of correction factors based upon the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instruments and implementation in the plant computer.
CL                                                                             *. 3CV9616
The process has thefollowing elements: Verification of initial conditions:
: 9)                                                                             - AMAG auto MSSSCAL
The unit is steady state full power lineup, plant computer and UFM/UTM systems operable for >24 hours.Retrieval of UFM and UTM data files: The UFM and UTM files are converted to ASCII format and copied to a floppy disk or transferred via modem.Verification of UFM and UTM statistical criteria:
    -099.75005     <Co~r3                                                           SG1 AMAG Cf C" 997SG2                                                                               AMAG Cf 99.70 1.0000 99.. 5 99.85~                 __0.9995 99.80 01.9990 99.55 99.50                                                               0.9985 Days Figure 4: MSBSCAL with 30 Hour Buffer 6-8
The UFM and UTM data is copied into Excel spreadsheets where the standard deviation and confidence interval are calculated and verified to meet the design basis.Retrieval of plant data: The data is downloaded from DNA long-term history servers using Excel spreadsheets.
 
6-11 I B Correction of UFM flows and UTM temperatures:
on I POWER UPRATE H!*TORY The uprate history and manual implementation are discussed in the following sections.
Nominal pressures and temperatures are used in the CRUSSFLOW and CORETEMP configti-on setings. Minor coirections are needed for actual plant conditions.
Unit 3 The U3 power uprate of 1.4% was implemented successfully 8/16/01. The uprate was made possible by manual calculation and utilization of new feedwater venturi coefficientsand MSBIAS terms, and Blowdown flow and feedwater temperatures based upon the highly accurate ultrasonic flow and temperature measurements. In this new process, the reactor power calorimetric total'loop uncertainty is approximately 0.5%. The uncertainty of the old process was greater than 1.5%.
Calculation of correction factors, venturi coefficients and main steam bias: Correction factors are the ratio of corrected flows and temperatures to the respective plant parameter.
The chart below shows a visual picture of the implementation process. The correction factors were manually installed in the plant computer about 11 am. The controlling reactor power at implementation was based upon FWBSCAL (CV9615), and the indication increased about 0.8%
Other coefficients and bias terms are based upon algorithms.
immediately with no increase in generation. This immediate change was due to the fact that the old FWBSCAL reactor power indication with its 1.5% uncertainty was indicating 0.8% less than the new more accurate process. MSBSCAL (CV9616), the reactor power based upon steam flowsteam flow, was calibrated at power uprate time, and this is the reason for the large step change.
Reactor power verification:
The component errors of this 0.8% error in FWBSCAL were as follows:
The temperature correction factors are based upon data obtained in the primary computer.
Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total of 0.53%.
These factors are adjusted, if necessary, to prevent nonconservative power indication in the backup computer.Independent Review: Reactor engineers perform an independent review of the data and calculations.
Pipe area error (flow) associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.391/o. (We had used the UFM with the old style aluminum brackets, circa 1997 test equipment, to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at start of this operating cycle.)
Blowdown error, - 0.11%.
The power increase was started about 1230 and Unit 3 reached full power about 1315. The chart shows a 9 to 10 MWe increase in generation from the starting point of 98.3% to full reactor power, nominally 1153 to 1162 Mwe (JT8000, right axis). SONGS Unit 3 had an unrealized benefit of 8 MWe due to process error from the start of operating cycle to this time to power uprate time, and an additional benefit of 8 MWe as a result of the power uprate using the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instrumentation. Unit 3 would have realized a 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.
6L9
 
a     -   I                 e s Figure 5: Unit 3 Power Uprate Unit 2 U2 Power uprate was implemented shortly after noon on 12/12/01. MSBSCAL (CV9616) changed exactly as expected. Indicated reactor power changed 0.7 to 0.8% step change with the new FW venturi coefficients, MSBIAS change, and Blowdown and FW temperature corrections, similar to U3 with no increase in generation. Most of the correction was in final feedwater temperature. The small spread in the two reactor power indications shown in the chart was due to feedwater coefficient calculation methodology and was eliminated with subsequent application of feedwater correction factors.
SONGS Unit 2 realized about 10 MWe at power uprate time as shown in the chart below.
Megawatts (JT8000), the right vertical axis in this chart, increased from 1177.5 to 1187.5. As in Unit 3, Unit 2 would have realized 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.
6-10
 
                    "M                                                               - a
                    - TreI'         l_.                                                                -               IUI                   Pl W-iM                                                                           _P DNA History Plot C -----------------------
                                  .. !                                r ------ .....-I.                        ---------------- --.- 19.
                                                                      '-                   ---         -I-----------
              -*?r............*              .............         r ............       ,...........   . ""'1 ,   "" * :*       1 *3}
            *'. *    -........                   .       ......   ...............             .       "                 "           II .*  ,
5-1 .5                                                                     ",-----.....
                                                                                                  - -- --       -- - - -     .-     117"7.5 "
S1175 0
      -SONGS'       U2PN1S.C~vt15               SEC; CAL PWRESDCA&#xfd;e
      -SONGS       LQPIMS.CV&#xfd;16SECCL51V5                                     AED01     Y
            -SONSV2MSJ230OMAIN                             GEN GROSS MW(Y)                   -
Wffl*                                                       S&#xfd;o                           Wlt Figure 6: Unit 2 Power Uprate History Manual Implementation and Correction Factor History The plant computer software interface was not ready when SONGS was licensed for the 1.42%
power uprate. A process was developed to provide for manual calculation of correction factors based upon the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instruments and implementation in the plant computer. The process has thefollowing elements:
Verification of initial conditions: The unit is steady state full power lineup, plant computer and UFM/UTM systems operable for >24 hours.
Retrieval of UFM and UTM data files: The UFM and UTM files are converted to ASCII format and copied to a floppy disk or transferred via modem.
Verification of UFM and UTM statistical criteria: The UFM and UTM data is copied into Excel spreadsheets where the standard deviation and confidence interval are calculated and verified to meet the design basis.
Retrieval of plant data: The data is downloaded from DNA long-term history servers using Excel spreadsheets.
6-11
 
I                                     B Correction of UFM flows and UTM temperatures: Nominal pressures and temperatures are used in the CRUSSFLOW and CORETEMP configti-on setings. Minor coirections are needed for actual plant conditions.
Calculation of correction factors, venturi coefficients and main steam bias: Correction factors are the ratio of corrected flows and temperatures to the respective plant parameter. Other coefficients and bias terms are based upon algorithms.
Reactor power verification: The temperature correction factors are based upon data obtained in the primary computer. These factors are adjusted, if necessary, to prevent nonconservative power indication in the backup computer.
Independent Review: Reactor engineers perform an independent review of the data and calculations.
Implementation of correction factors: The correction factors are manually input into their respective addressable constant registers in the plant computers.
Implementation of correction factors: The correction factors are manually input into their respective addressable constant registers in the plant computers.
The manual calculations were performed the day before the power uprate' and implemented on the day of power uprate. Manual calculations were performed and implemented the day after and then at 3, 7 and 14 days after, and thereafter at approximately 14 day intervals.
The manual calculations were performed the day before the power uprate' and implemented on the day of power uprate. Manual calculations were performed and implemented the day after and then at 3, 7 and 14 days after, and thereafter at approximately 14 day intervals. Correction factors are considered good for 31 days based upon worst-case venturi instrumentation drift errors applied to available total loop uncertainty (TLU) calculation margin. A 14 day update allows time to resolve emergent issues. Manual calculations were performed for both units from power uprate through May 2002 when automatic operation was initiated. Unit 2 trend charts of the correction history are shown below. Note the stability of the feedwater and steam flow and feedwater temperature correction factors, AK2000, 2004 and 2006 respectively in Figure 7, AK2001, 2005 and 2007 in the Figure 8. Unit 3 trends are similar.
Correction factors are considered good for 31 days based upon worst-case venturi instrumentation drift errors applied to available total loop uncertainty (TLU) calculation margin. A 14 day update allows time to resolve emergent issues. Manual calculations were performed for both units from power uprate through May 2002 when automatic operation was initiated.
U2 SG I E089 Correction Factor History 1.0040 - A                     ..
Unit 2 trend charts of the correction history are shown below. Note the stability of the feedwater and steam flow and feedwater temperature correction factors, AK2000, 2004 and 2006 respectively in Figure 7, AK2001, 2005 and 2007 in the Figure 8. Unit 3 trends are similar.U2 SG I E089 Correction Factor History 1 .0 0 4 0 -A ..1.0020 " 1.0000 ~-'-S0.9980 -- .-- " ----0.09960 __-0.99400.9920 0.9900 0 0&#xfd; 00-FgAK2000 AK2004 7AK2006--Figure 7 6-12  
1.0020 "
-B -a I I 0.9e 0=I.I>f--A(2001  
1.0000   ~-'-
-'ACK20 *Q A207'Figure 8 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIOUS PLANT OPERATING CONDITIONS CROSSFLOW Correction Factor Sensitivity and Variation In SONGS Unit 2 during Startup Plant Startup The plant startup in October 2001 provided an opportunity to observe the sensitivity and variation of the CROSSFLOW correction factors during power ascension.
S0.9980         --     ----
The results show that for power levels greater than approximately 60%, the correction factors are stable with changes in power level.The October 2001 Songs Unit 2 startup data was used for analyzing the sensitivity of the correction factor at different power levels (80% to 100%). The CROSSFLOW digital feedwater data, called Xflow, was collected manually and plant temperatures and pressures were used to correct the collected data for to actual-plant process conditions.
0.09960   __-
These corrections are for density, spacing, correction factor, and pipe ID. The adjusted CROSSFLOW data then was compared with flow rates from the feedwater plant instruments, which are based on venturi, and a ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow was calculated.
0.9940
This ratio is equivalent to the process correction factors developed by the CROSSFLOW ACL software.Figure 9 and 10 show the calculated ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow during the startup period. The variation is due to fast transients in the startup period and inherent venturi characteristics.
* 0.9920 0.9900 0-  1-                    00  0&#xfd;
A regression analysis was performed on data from both feedwater loops in order to calculate the 95% confidence interval for the change in correction factor from a change in feedwater flow rate.Table I and Table 2 show the regression results. The regression analysis results support the fact that there are no significant changes in the feedwater correction factors due to flow changes from-to-10% with temperature changes 420 F to44O0 F.The -osi s ency o6f ca lculfed-tibo 6-13 sion-s (Xflow/Plant floW) at even lower power ieveis (60%) also indicates that there is no significant change in correction factor daie to changes in feedwater temperature above 4000 F.XtlowiCV1029 (SGI) Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (8S%-100%
                                          -             AK2004 FgAK20007AK2006
Power)1.02 1.018 1.016 1.014 1.012 1.01 1.008 1.006 1.004 12a.8%='-100.0%-80.0%t 082 4-.9 40.0%0.8- Moo. Avg. (Parot Flow)09.88 t1M .Avg. (XftuwFWNmthaiW" 00.Safi UF Avg (Pc.oo0 F"ow 8.954 0 t:: 10/2412001 4:48 10/2 081 10:48 18/2442001 86.48 10124r2001 22:48 1025,2001 4:46 10'42112001 18:48 Figure 9: SGI Feedwater Flow and Correction Factor vs. % Flow XflowICV112S (SG2} Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (80%-100%
                              -   -           Figure 7 6-12
Power)1.02 120.0%1.018 1.014 1.012 1.800 1.006 80.0%1.004 I.00 1 60.0%0.095 0.894 .48.0%0.g99 0.08 Mov. Avg. (Psemant FlowI 0.088 -Mov. Avg. (XftowFW/VnmbandFW) 0.988 FW UFM (Paot Flow) ;20.%0.904 -o982.10424=2001 4:48 10/24/20G0 10:48 1042442001 l6:48 8/2M42081 22:48 1005/200t 4:46 1012Va2001 10:48 JFhigO.O : SC32) Feed-+ot ri x'1 and Corhrect;nn Va.nr.Ve 046 Flow 6-14 ion Table 1. Songs unit 2 FPI111 ion resuat for SGI for 80/-100*/%
 
r I%/ an gin CF due to 1% d inaflow(%/%)
                  -     B                 -   a I                                                                               I 0.9e 0=
0.000!1]LbDer 95% oo dence !init for % ch m (%/ %. 0.00750/c Lc"r 95% confidence lirit for % w M / %) -0.00720/Table 2. Songs unit 2 FP1121 Fegreson reult for SG2 for 8V1/-1OO%
I.I>
pm" range% dvr in CF dueto 1% ia in flow(%/%)
f--A(2001 -'ACK20       A207'
0.0119/LW 95% cnfiderm limit for %da-m (%/%) 0.0191 /Law 95%0/caliderne liUit for %d dge (%/%) /0.0/8)Figure I 1 and Figure 12 show both the feedwater and steam flow correction factors, Cf, during the October 2001 startup period for both steam generators.
                                                          *Q Figure 8 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIOUS PLANT OPERATING CONDITIONS CROSSFLOW Correction Factor Sensitivity and Variation In SONGS Unit 2 during Startup Plant Startup The plant startup in October 2001 provided an opportunity to observe the sensitivity and variation of the CROSSFLOW correction factors during power ascension. The results show that for power levels greater than approximately 60%, the correction factors are stable with changes in power level.
The correction factors were calculated as described above. The steam venturi correction factor was based upon the process blowdown flow indication since UFM blowdown flow was not available.
The October 2001 Songs Unit 2 startup data was used for analyzing the sensitivity of the correction factor at different power levels (80% to 100%). The CROSSFLOW digital feedwater data, called Xflow, was collected manually and plant temperatures and pressures were used to correct the collected data for to actual-plant process conditions. These corrections are for density, spacing, correction factor, and pipe ID. The adjusted CROSSFLOW data then was compared with flow rates from the feedwater plant instruments, which are based on venturi, and a ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow was calculated. This ratio is equivalent to the process correction factors developed by the CROSSFLOW ACL software.
The results show that the correction factor is very consistent.
Figure 9 and 10 show the calculated ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow during the startup period. The variation is due to fast transients in the startup period and inherent venturi characteristics. A regression analysis was performed on data from both feedwater loops in order to calculate the 95% confidence interval for the change in correction factor from a change in feedwater flow rate.
The variation at low flow is due to nonlinearity in venturi reading.6-15 I n 4 Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 1)1.040 1.025 -K 1.020 .100.0%* 0.0%a U-a U 1.005.40.0%0.965 0.990 --,--XIowFW/FWI 20.0%--4,- XiawIST/ST 1 0.985 -&-pewamnl flow 0.:80 0.0%10/23/2001 12:00 10/23/2001 18:00 10/24/2001 0:00 10/24/2001
Table I and Table 2 show the regression results. The regression analysis results support the fact that there are no significant changes in the feedwater correction factors due to flow changes from 8** -to-10% with temperature changes 420 F to44O0 F.The -osi s ency o6f t*he lculfed-tibo ca 6-13
:00 10/2412001 1M00 10/24/2G01 18:00 10/25/2001 0:00 10/25/001 6:00 10/25/01 12.00"Time Figure 11: SG1 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 2)U U.a a=U L 10=23/2001 10/23/12001 1 0/24/2001 1024120 10/2001 10/24/2001 10125/2001 10/2512001 10/25/2001 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 1100 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 Time Figure 12: SG2 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup 6-16 I 1 -1a For the Unit 2 Cycle 12 startup in early July. 2002, the CROSSFLOW and CORRTEMP systems were operating with communication to the pant computer.
 
In this the cS-r-ctid ffactrae o generated by the ACL, sent to the plant computer, and stored in the plant history DNA server.Fieure 13 shows an actual trend in the correction factors versus flow (% reactor power).7 ffrndl-DNA History.Plot 1.02-----------------------------------------------
sion-s (Xflow/Plant floW) at even lower power ieveis (60%) also indicates that there is no significant change in correction factor daie to changes in feedwater temperature above 4000 F.
r-----------------  
XtlowiCV1029 (SGI) Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (8S%-100% Power) 1.02                                                                                                                                 12a.8%='
------- 105 1.01-----  
1.018 1.016 1.014                                                                                                                                 -100.0%
--------..---.....  
1.012 1.01 1.008
--S- , -.I.o -- ----- ----------------------------- --- ----------- ------------ -----0.9 I 7 07M .00:3:20 07/W 03:4O0:0 07M &-6~:40 07A31:913:20
                                                                                                                                            -80.0%
-SONGS.U2PMS CV2001X FW MASS FLOW CORR .i )-SONGS.U2PMiS.CV2U0SX STM MSS FLOW CORR SG2 A (Y)-SONGS.U2PMS.CV3615 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)-~--_ " ------ --2 ' [AL Figure 13: Unit 2 SG2 Correction Factor Startup Trends EXAMPLE CORRECTION FACTOR HISTORY FOR SONGS UNIT 3, SG #2 Figure 14 shows the slow change in Unit 3 steam generator 2 feedwater correction factor over a six-month period. Note that the corresponding steam correction factorhas remained relatively steady over this same period, which indicates that the feedwater venturi flow is drifting high, an indication of venturi fouling. The combination of plant process feedwater and steam instrumentation, along with the CROSSFLOW UFM, provides the ability to easily identify these kinds of changes. Figure 15 shows both Unit 3 feedwater correction factors from August 2001 to present. The timing of the ACL buffer length change can be seen clearly. About 1/3 of the way into this trend, the correction factors variation decreases significantly.
1.006 1.004 t 082 4 9                                          -.                                                                         40.0%
Towards the end, the two correcti_-naccors_
09.88t1M
a-re drift-ing apart.6-17 I Tn.SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend--U3 FW #2 Cf-U3 MS #2 Cf-Unear (U3 FW #2 Co--Unear (U3 MS #2 Co)1.0050 1.0040 1.0030 1.0020 1.0010 1.0000 -0.9990 0.9980 -0.9970 -0.9960 0.9950 1212001 to 6)2002/Figure 14: U3 SG2 Long Term Feedwater Fouling Trend 6-18 e s&#xfd;.. n SONGS 3 FW CF's; 1i montihs 1.005 -W;M T*-15 -5n'__1.004 RN 1.003-4-- --&#xfd;1.002 1.001 ---FW 1 1 --FW 2 0.999 0.998-0.997 0.996 0.995 Figure 15: U3 Feedwater Correction Factor Trends Lessons Learned Among the many lessons learned in the process of this power uprate, anticipated benefits from such a major expenditure need to be expressed accurately.
        .Safi 8.9540 0.8-10/2412001 4:48 Moo.Avg.(Parot Flow)
At SONGS, the anticipated benefit from this Appendix K uprate was based upon the original indication of reactor power being accurate, which turned out to be a poor assumption.
UF
For other plants, the new instrumentation could show a similar finding, that the plant is part way or already operating at the new uprate power level.References
                          . Avg.(XftuwFWNmthaiW" Avg(Pc.oo0 F"ow 10/2   081 10:48         18/2442001 86.48       10124r200122:48       1025,2001 4:46 t::10'4211200118:48 00 Figure 9: SGI Feedwater Flow and Correction Factor vs. % Flow XflowICV112S (SG2} Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (80%-100% Power) 1.02                                                                                                                                 120.0%
: 1. Westinghouse-CE Topical Report CENPD-397-P-A, Revision 01, "Improved Flow Measurement Accuracy Using Crossflow Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Technology," May 2000.2. Advanced Measurement  
1.018 1.014 1.012 1.800 1.006                                                                                                                                 80.0%
& Analysis Group (AM.AG), "AMAG-MAN-EN-006-00 Users Manual for CORRTEMP 1.0.x UTM System," Revision 0, August 2001.3. Advanced Measurement  
1.004 I.00 1                                                                                                                               60.0%
& Analysis Group (AMAG), "Software Requirements Spec.ifica-ti-oi-SRS-7 37..06R0 0 -vu2,- Jan0 2002...6-19 S --S -n -4."A Description ofthe CROSSFLOW System to Support 1.4% Power Uprate at SONGS," Vahid Askari, ANMLAG, Inc, Joseph G. Mufrray4, SONGS /SCE, and Michael J. Schwaebe, SONGS/SCE, presented to EPRI NPPI Conference July 2002.6-20 K,  
0.095 0.894                                                                                                                               .48.0%
-ssion Sessidn.1 SONGS U F M/UTM Instal ,l,,act,4i oin a d In itia lop erating' .experience Michael J. Schwaebe Southern California Edison 949 368 6744 schwaemj @songs.sce.com 6-21 U-Sessions'Sessi.on I)N GS Power Uprate ConfigurationAMAG UFM and UTM on feedwater and blowdown SC1ROSSFLOW ACL software calculates FW, BD and steam flow CFs and FW temperature CFs, determines quality, and provides alarms.
0.g99 0.08       Mov. Avg. (Psemant FlowI 0.088 -     Mov. Avg. (XftowFW/VnmbandFW) 0.988       FWUFM (PaotFlow)                                                                                                         ;20.%
ACL interface between both the primary and backup process computers, with independent calculation of CFs.Two reactor power calorimetrics, FW and main steam M,,,ain steam calorimetric reactor power is preferred.
0.904     -
The steam venturis are not subject to rapid fouling and de--fouling like the FW.Plant process computer de-fouling alarm based upon FW&#xfd;and main steam calorimetrics.
o982.
6-22 n 9 Session.l.-
10424=2001 4:48             10/24/20G0 10:48         1042442001 l6:48       8/2M4208122:48       1005/200t 4:46   1012Va2001 10:48 JFhigO.O       : SC32) Feed-+ot                 ri x'1 and Corhrect;nn           Va.nr.Ve     046   Flow 6-14
SPipig .Hardware 4 UFM and 4 UTM per Unit m UTM located next to UFM to minimize cable/conduit routing Proper; insulation and mechanical protection is needed.* SONGS had insulated cans covered by insulation blankets 6-23 6-24  
 
-,&#xfd;.&#xfd;.Sessions Session I Installlation alnd Startupl Chal~lenges Unit 2 :,FW UFM location* Original, position had poor acoustic properties
ion Table 1. Songs unit 2 FPI111 ion resuat for SGI for 80/-100*/%
* Signal strength insufficient for the 600+ feet cable runs* Brackets relocated to upstream Chrome-Moly piping recently installed for FAC* Cross Calibration performed due to lowered LIDs 6-25 Sessions Session 1.Installation and Startup Challenges (cont.)m. UFM Blowdown Flow* Steam flow calculated from FW minus blowdown* Fluid resonance  
            %/ angin CF due to 1%d               inaflow(%/%)
& piping vibrations in the range of 10-15 Hz, with UFM interferes
r 0.000!1]
* Twophase flow at high flow rates* Selective tuning for selected flowrates, future software mods 6-26 Sessions Session I It ion and Startup Challeng&#xfd;es (cont.)is Algorithm&
I LbDer 95% oo dence !init for %ch m (%/ %.                       0.00750/c Lc"r 95% confidence lirit for % w M / %)                         -0.00720/
Communication Layer CF'sicalculated on same size buffelrs of UFM and plant instrument data* Initial. buffer size 8 hours* Final buffer size 30 hours Final! buffer size used to ensure: that indicated plant power was at least: as stable as original 6-27
Table 2. Songs unit 2 FP1121 Fegreson reult for SG2 for 8V1/-1OO% pm" range
* ph for buffer size determination Various buffers sizes Main Steam Correction Factors 11 days Unit 3 1.0040I--I 1.0020i-1 .001 0; -0.9990-0.99801 -0.9970i!-0.9960t]i 0.9950 1 202 403 604 805 1006 1207.1408 1609 1810 2011 2212.2413 2614 2815 3016 3217 3418 3619 3820-avg ms cf 120-avg ms cf 240-avgl.ms cf 480 6-28 1At 6S-sin Ses"s16 I on.Uprate.8/16/02, Manual Mode[ At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.8% immediately
            % dvr inCF dueto 1% ia inflow(%/%)                               0.0119/
* The component errors of this 0.8%error in BSCAL were as follows:* Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total. of 0.53%Pipe area error (flow)l associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.39% (We: used the UFM test equipment to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at Start of C1l1)* Blowdown error, -0.11%6-29 Session I fnit3 @power uprate 6-30  
LW 95%cnfiderm limit for %da-m (%/%)                             0.0191 /
'Sessi ,Session I Uprate 12/12/02, Manual Mode* At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.75% immediately The primary component of the BSCAL increase was a 2.7 degree error in-final feedwater temperature 6-31 esso0 ,Ses&sect;ion F U-r i I i it 2 @ power uprate--I DNA History Plot 100.25 ----------------0 ---.. ... .-.. .. .-... --. .7 100.205-------------  
0 Law 95%/caliderne liUit for %ddge (%/%)           /0.0/8)
------------
Figure I1 and Figure 12 show both the feedwater and steam flow correction factors, Cf, during the October 2001 startup period for both steam generators. The correction factors were calculated as described above. The steam venturi correction factor was based upon the process blowdown flow indication since UFM blowdown flow was not available. The results show that the correction factor is very consistent. The variation at low flow is due to nonlinearity in venturi reading.
7-----------  
6-15
-----------
 
9 I I --I -' "I .I ' "I 100.00 -------------.
I                                                               n 4
4----------  
Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 1) 1.040 100.0%
----- ---I I -98 .75 ....-...1 ............9 8 .5 0 ......., .............k ! ;-'-- --"I I "I" 98.2 12/11 10:00:00 12/11 18:20:00 12/12 02:40:00 '12/12 11:00:00 12/12-SONGS.U2PMS.CV9615 SEC CAL POWER BASED OK &#xfd;re)-SONGS.U2PMS.CVq616 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)-SONGS.U2PMS.JTB000 MAIN GEN GROSS MW (Y)-- ------r -----6-32  
1.025 -   K
-6on Session'l aIal Mod UF Cairtion[ Frequency, BI-weekly per SONGS procedure:
* 0.0%
1.020.
a U-a 1.005.
U 40.0%
0.965 0.990                                                                                                                       -- ,--XIowFW/FWI       20.0%
                                                                                                                                  --4,- XiawIST/ST 1 0.985                                                                                                                       -&-pewamnl   flow 0.:80                                                                                                                                               0.0%
10/23/2001 12:00 10/23/2001 18:00   10/24/2001 0:00   10/24/2001 :00 10/2412001 1M00 10/24/2G01 18:00 10/25/2001 0:00   10/25/001 6:00     10/25/01 12.00 "Time Figure 11: SG1 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 2)
U U.
a a
=
U L
10=23/2001     10/23/12001     1   0/24/2001     1024120         10/2001         10/24/2001     10125/2001       10/2512001       10/25/2001 12:00           18:00           0:00             6:00           1100             18:00           0:00             6:00             12:00 Time Figure 12: SG2 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup 6-16
 
I                                           1       -1a For the Unit 2 Cycle 12 startup in early July. 2002, the CROSSFLOW and CORRTEMP systems were operating with communication to the pant computer. In this mod*, the cS-r-ctidoffactrae generated by the ACL, sent to the plant computer, and stored in the plant history DNA server.
Fieure 13 shows an actual trend in the correction factors versus flow (% reactor power).
7           ffrndl-DNA History.Plot 1.02-----------------------------------------------                           r-----------------           ------- 105 1.01----- --------..---.....                                                                                 --
S-                   ,                                                       -.
I.o   -- - - - --   - - - - - - -     -   - - -                           - - - - - - - - -   - -   -   -   -   -   -
0.9            I                                                                                                            7 07M .00:3:20                07/W 03:4O0:0                  07M &-6~:40            07A31:913:20
  -   SONGS.U2PMS CV2001X FW MASS FLOW CORR                                     )            .           i
  -   SONGS.U2PMiS.CV2U0SX STM MSS FLOW CORR SG2 A (Y)
SONGS.U2PMS.CV3615 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)
                    -~--_       "             ------
[AL              - -2               '
Figure 13: Unit 2 SG2 Correction Factor Startup Trends EXAMPLE CORRECTION FACTOR HISTORY FOR SONGS UNIT 3, SG #2 Figure 14 shows the slow change in Unit 3 steam generator 2 feedwater correction factor over a six-month period. Note that the corresponding steam correction factorhas remained relatively steady over this same period, which indicates that the feedwater venturi flow is drifting high, an indication of venturi fouling. The combination of plant process feedwater and steam instrumentation, along with the CROSSFLOW UFM, provides the ability to easily identify these kinds of changes. Figure 15 shows both Unit 3 feedwater correction factors from August 2001 to present. The timing of the ACL buffer length change can be seen clearly. About 1/3 of the way into this trend, the correction factors variation decreases significantly. Towards the end, the two correcti_-naccors_ a-re drift-ing apart.
6-17
 
I                   Tn.
                                                                  --  U3 FW #2 Cf SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend                 -U3   MS #2 Cf
                                                                  -   Unear (U3 FW #2 Co
                                                                  -- Unear (U3 MS #2 Co) 1.0050 1.0040 1.0030 1.0020 1.0010 1.0000 -
0.9990 0.9980 -
0.9970 -
0.9960 0.9950 1212001 to 6)2002
                            /
Figure 14: U3 SG2 Long   Term Feedwater Fouling Trend 6-18
 
                  -  0-e s&#xfd;.. n SONGS 3 FW CF's; 1i montihs 1.005 -
W;M T*-15 -5n'__
1.004                                             RN 1.003
                                                          --   - &#xfd; 1.002 1.001 -
1 -                                                                              -- FW 21
                                                                                        -FW 0.999 0.998-0.997 0.996 0.995 Figure 15: U3 Feedwater Correction Factor Trends Lessons Learned Among the many lessons learned in the process of this power uprate, anticipated benefits from such a major expenditure need to be expressed accurately. At SONGS, the anticipated benefit from this Appendix K uprate was based upon the original indication of reactor power being accurate, which turned out to be a poor assumption. For other plants, the new instrumentation could show a similar finding, that the plant is part way or already operating at the new uprate power level.
References
: 1. Westinghouse-CE Topical Report CENPD-397-P-A, Revision 01, "Improved Flow Measurement Accuracy Using Crossflow Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Technology," May 2000.
: 2. Advanced Measurement & Analysis Group (AM.AG), "AMAG-MAN-EN-006-00 Users Manual for CORRTEMP 1.0.x UTM System," Revision 0, August 2001.
: 3. Advanced Measurement & Analysis Group (AMAG), "Software Requirements Spec.ifica-ti-oi-SRS-7 37..06R0 -vu2,-0 Jan0         2002...
6-19
 
S-     -     S n-
: 4. "A Description ofthe CROSSFLOW System to Support 1.4% Power Uprate at SONGS,"
Vahid Askari, ANMLAG, Inc, Joseph G. Mufrray4, SONGS /SCE, and Michael J. Schwaebe, SONGS/SCE, presented to EPRI NPPI Conference July 2002.
6-20 K,
 
- ssion Sessidn.1 SONGS UFM/UTM Instal ,l, act,4ioin a d Initia lop erating'.experience Michael J. Schwaebe Southern California Edison 949 368 6744 schwaemj @songs.sce.com 6-21
 
U         -Sessions 'Sessi.on I
    )NGS          Power Uprate Configuration
* AMAG UFM and UTM on feedwater and blowdown SC1ROSSFLOW ACL           software calculates FW, BD and steam flow CFs and FW temperature CFs, determines quality, and provides alarms.
C*ROSSFLOW ACL interface between both the primary and backup process computers, with independent calculation of CFs.
Two reactor power calorimetrics, FW and main steam M,,,ain steam calorimetric reactor power is preferred. The steam venturis are not subject to rapid fouling and de--
fouling like the FW.
Plant process computer de-fouling alarm based upon FW&#xfd; and main steam calorimetrics.
6-22
 
9 n   Session.l.-
SPipig .Hardware 4 UFM and 4 UTM per Unit m UTM located next to UFM to minimize cable/conduit routing Proper; insulation and mechanical protection is needed.
* SONGS had insulated cans covered by insulation blankets 6-23
 
6-24
-,&#xfd;.&#xfd;.Sessions   Session I Installlation alnd Startupl Chal~lenges Unit 2 :,FW UFM location
* Original, position had poor acoustic properties
* Signal strength insufficient for the 600+ feet cable runs
* Brackets relocated to upstream Chrome-Moly piping recently installed for FAC
* Cross Calibration performed due to lowered LIDs 6-25
 
Sessions   Session 1.
Installation and Startup Challenges (cont.)
m.UFM Blowdown Flow
* Steam flow calculated from FW minus blowdown
* Fluid resonance & piping vibrations in the range of 10-15 Hz, interferes with UFM
* Twophase flow at high flow rates
* Selective tuning for selected flowrates, future software mods 6-26
 
Sessions   Session I It               ion and Startup Challeng&#xfd;es (cont.)
is Algorithm& Communication Layer CF'sicalculated on same size buffelrs of UFM and plant instrument data
* Initial. buffer size 8 hours
* Final buffer size 30 hours Final! buffer size used to ensure:
that indicated plant power was at least: as stable as original 6-27
* ph for buffer size determination Various buffers sizes Main Steam Correction Factors 11 days Unit 3 1.0040I-1.0030* -I 1.0020i-1.001 0; -
                                                                                                        -avg  ms cf 120 1.00001*-
                                                                                                      -    avg ms cf 240
                                                                                                      -avgl.ms    cf 480 0.9990-0.99801 -
0.9970i!-
0.9960t]i 0.9950                                                                                                           6-28 1 202 403 604 805 1006 1207.1408 1609 1810 2011 2212.2413 2614 2815 3016 3217 3418 3619 3820
 
6S-sin      Ses"s16on. I 1At       Uprate.8/16/02, Manual Mode
[ At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.8% immediately
* The component errors of this 0.8%
error in BSCAL were as follows:
* Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total. of 0.53%
Pipe area error (flow)l associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.39% (We: used the UFM test equipment to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at Start of C1l1)
* Blowdown error, - 0.11%
6-29
 
Session I fnit3 @power uprate 6-30
 
'Sessi     ,Session I Uprate 12/12/02, Manual Mode
* At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.75% immediately The primary component of the BSCAL increase was a 2.7 degree error in-final feedwater temperature 6-31
 
esso0                   ,Ses&sect;ion F U-r iIit  2       @power uprate
                                                                                                                              -- I DNA History Plot 0-------
100.25        .. . .. . ..---------
100.205------------- ------------
                                                .. .- -...              .          - - - --. 7 -- - - - - - -r - - -
7----------- -----------
9  ' "I        I                . II-      -I' "I    -
I                    I          -
100.00 "I
                      -------------. 4----------          I     "I" 98 .75 . . . . - . . .1 . . . . . .               .     .   .   .   ..
9 8 .50 . . . . . . . , . . . . . .               .       . . .   . . .k ! -;-'--
98.2 12/11 10:00:00     12/11 18:20:00     12/12 02:40:00 '12/12 11:00:00       12/12
        -   SONGS.U2PMS.CV9615 SEC CAL POWER BASED OK &#xfd;re)
        -   SONGS.U2PMS.CVq616 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)
          - SONGS.U2PMS.JTB000 MAIN GEN GROSS MW (Y) 6-32
 
        - 6on   Session'l aIal Mod UF Cairtion
[ Frequency, BI-weekly per SONGS procedure:
S023-V-2.12.
S023-V-2.12.
[ Calculation of correction factors: ,.Use excel spreadsheet, book format for UFM, plant data and calculations
[ Calculation of correction factors:
]Integrate UFM QA calc acceptance criteria into spreadsheet Use 24 to 36 hour data sets to smooth the correction factors , FW coefficients and main steam bias terms were changed at uprate to make the initial corrections 1.0 6-33 iI..-&sect;ie si Session I an lMod'e Data qualification Part 1'!, Statistical Verification, Procedure Section 6.1.4 Calculalt.on Description Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step _1A--- Date =(beg of Date range)1B Start Time =(beg of Time range)2 End Time =(end of Time range)3 Sample Count (N) =COUNT(Time range)4 Time Delay (TD) Mean -AVERAGE(TD range)5 TD Standard Deviation  
  ,.Use excel spreadsheet, book format for UFM, plant data and calculations
=STDEV(TD range)-6. .TD 3(STDEV) =TD -3*STDEV 7 TD + 3(STDEV) =TD + 3*STDEV 8 Student T. distribution -TINV(O.05, Nai)9 95% confidence interval (Student T*STDEV/TD/SQRT(N)*100 10U2 95% Conf Int Criteria From Ref 2.2.1-Criteria Verification Step 9 is = or < than Step 10, Y or N (5-34  
  ]Integrate UFM QA calc acceptance criteria into spreadsheet Use 24 to 36 hour data sets to smooth the correction factors
'Sessions Seso I man ual Mode Flow Correction Part , UFM Flow Correction, Procedure Section 6.2 CalcLJlation D-esccription Spreadsheet Function,_Algorithm, or Sou'rc!.,e--,.....12 FE1127U Mean UFM Flow =AVERAGE(UFM Flow Range)13 TE1127 Corrected FW Temp Attachment 11 Step 16, see comments 14 CV9924X FW Pressure Attachment 13 Step 9 15 Steam Table Density Nist Steam Tables, steps 13 and 14 16 FE1127 Density =AVERAGE(Density Range)17 FE1.127 Temperature (Tsetup) =AVERAGE(Temperature Range)18 Density ..Correction (DENcor) =Steam table Density/FE1127 Density 19U2 Trans Spacing Correction (Lcor)l =(1 +7.793E-6*(TE1 127-Tsetup))
, FW coefficients and main steam bias terms were changed at uprate to make the initial corrections 1.0 6-33
20U2' Pipe ID Correction (Dcor) =(1+7.735E-6*(TE1127-Tsetup))A2 21 .'JFE1127 Corrected UFM Flow =FE1127*DENcor*Lcor*Dcor.
 
** If TE1127 is bad, use TE1117 from Attachment 9 Step 16 6-35  
iI
.H6 t6s'siont L ..s ion I&#xfd;Manual M ode Correction factor Calculation.Part 3 Correction.
                    ..- &sect;ie si       Session I an lMod'e                             Data qualification Part 1'!, Statistical Verification, Procedure   Section 6.1.4 Calculalt.on Description                         Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step         _
Factor Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcui.lation Description_
1A---         Date                               =(beg of Date range) 1B           Start Time                         =(beg of Time range) 2             End Time                           =(end of Time range) 3             Sample Count (N)                   =COUNT(Time range) 4             Time Delay (TD) Mean               -AVERAGE(TD range) 5             TD Standard Deviation             =STDEV(TD range)-
Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step ,i 22 CV1129U FW Flow From Attachment 13 Step 11 23 CV961OU Steam Flow From Attachment 13 Step 13 24 FE4095 Corrected BD Flow From Attachment 8 Step 21 25 AK2001 (FW CF for SG2) =FE1127/CV1129U 26 AK2005 STM CF for SG2 =(FE1127-FE4095)/CV961OU Part Feedwater Venturi Coefficients and MSBIAS Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcullation Description
: 6. .         TD 3(STDEV)                       =TD - 3*STDEV 7             TD + 3(STDEV)                     =TD + 3*STDEV 8             Student T.distribution             -TINV(O.05, Nai) 9             95% confidence interval           (Student T*STDEV/TD/SQRT(N)*100 10U2           95% Conf Int Criteria             From Ref 2.2.1
_ _Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step 27 K9661 FWVenturi2old K9661-from COLSCONS Printout 28 K9663 FWVenturiTempCOEFF2 K9663 from COLSOONS Printout 29 K9661'FWVenturi2new  
          - Criteria Verification               Step 9 is = or < than Step 10, Yor N (5-34
=(AK2001-1)*K9663*TE1127+AK2001*K9661 30 K9946 MSBIAS2 old K9946 from COLSCONS Printout 3 K9946 MSBIAS2 new =AK2005*K9946 6-36 es 0i- S os-Sion I nit 2 SG2 Correction Factor History (blowup)U2 SG2 E088 Correction Factor History 1.0040 0 C..)LL.1=0 0 (I)1.~'0 0 1.0020 1.0000 0.9980 0.9960 0.9940 0.9920 0.9900~01/I--- AK2001 AK2003 -*---AK2005
 
.-W-- AK2007 6-38  
                'Sessions         Seso I man ual Mode                               Flow Correction Part , UFM Flow Correction, Procedure Section 6.2 CalcLJlation D-esccription                     Spreadsheet Function,_Algorithm, or Sou'rc!.,e--,.....
-.Sessiont',,.
Step"*.
Session I System Performance Sensitivity during plant startup* UFM data only used >80% power* Plant startup data shows stability of UFM data above 60% power was within claimed accuracy.No significant changes in CF's due to FWQ temps lowered from 440 to 400, (low limits)6-39 "  
12           FE1127U Mean UFM Flow           =AVERAGE(UFM Flow Range) 13           TE1127 Corrected FW Temp         Attachment 11 Step 16, see comments 14           CV9924X FW Pressure             Attachment 13 Step 9 15           Steam Table Density             Nist Steam Tables, steps 13 and 14 16           FE1127 Density                   =AVERAGE(Density Range) 17           FE1.127 Temperature (Tsetup)     =AVERAGE(Temperature Range) 18           Density ..Correction (DENcor)   =Steam table Density/FE1127 Density 19U2         Trans Spacing Correction (Lcor)l =(1 +7.793E-6*(TE1 127-Tsetup))
..'i Sessions bssio.n I Results of startup alysis-II Regression result for SG1 for 80%-i 00% power range% change in CF due to 1 % change in flow (%/ %) 0.001)1%Upper 95% confidence limit for % change (%/%) 0.0075%Low'er 95% confidence limit for % change (% / %) -0.0072%R S R egression res&sect;ul t fo~r S.G,2' fr 8-0%-i 00%/ power range% c',hange in CF due to 1% chanei flow (%/0I6%) 0. 01 19%Upper 95% confidence limit for % change M / %0.0191%Lower 95% confidence limit for % change (%/ 1%)0.0048%6-40 S e sGiah's 8es'sion C.F history Temperature has been extremely stable, with high accuracy , FW has been stable m One Unit 3 FW line showing signs of small calibration changes. (next slide)* Having:UFM/UTM and existing plant instr. Allows good cross verfication of flow 6-41 Fc&#xfd;xaIpe' !how nng changes in FW SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend 1.0050 II 1.004,0 1.003,0 1.0020 1.00110 1.0000 0.9990 0.9980 0.9970 0.9960 0.9950-U3 FW #2 Cf U3 MS #2 Cf-Linear (U3 FW #2 Cf)Linear (U3 MS #2 Cf)6-42 12/2001 to 6/2002 U Sessions Session I Les son Ilearne.e d*i Blowdown instrumentation could have been calibrated by U FM, followed by a fixed blowdown correction factors for steam flow calculations.
20U2'         Pipe IDCorrection (Dcor)         =(1+7.735E-6*(TE1127-Tsetup))A2 21 .       'JFE1127 Corrected UFM Flow       =FE1127*DENcor*Lcor*Dcor.
**If TE1127 is bad, use TE1117 from Attachment 9 Step 16 6-35
 
  .H6           t6s'siont L ..s ion I
&#xfd;Manual               Mode        Correction factor Calculation
.Part 3 Correction. Factor Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcui.lation Description_                   Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step ,i 22           CV1129U FW Flow               From Attachment 13 Step 11 23           CV961OU Steam Flow             From Attachment 13 Step 13 24           FE4095 Corrected BD Flow       From Attachment 8 Step 21 25           AK2001 (FW CF for SG2)         =FE1127/CV1129U 26           AK2005 STM CF for SG2         =(FE1127-FE4095)/CV961OU Part
* Feedwater Venturi Coefficients and MSBIAS Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcullation Description             _ _Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step 27           K9661 FWVenturi2old           K9661-from COLSCONS Printout 28           K9663 FWVenturiTempCOEFF2     K9663 from COLSOONS Printout 29           K9661'FWVenturi2new           =(AK2001-1)*K9663*TE1127+AK2001*K9661 30           K9946 MSBIAS2 old             K9946 from COLSCONS Printout 3             K9946 MSBIAS2 new             =AK2005*K9946 6-36
 
es   0i-         os-Sion S  I nit 2 SG2 Correction Factor History (blowup)
U2 SG2 E088 Correction Factor History 1.0040 1.0020 0  1.0000 C..)
LL. 0.9980 1=
0   0.9960 0
(I) 1.~
'0 0.9940 0
0.9920 0.9900
                    ~01/
I---   AK2001     AK2003 -*---AK2005 .- W--AK2007 6-38
 
-.Sessiont',,. Session I System Performance Sensitivity during plant startup
* UFM data only used >80% power
* Plant startup data shows stability of UFM data above 60% power was within claimed accuracy
                . No significant changes in CF's due to FWQ temps lowered from 440 to 400, (low limits) 6-39 "
 
            ..Sessions
              'i       bssio.n I Results of startup alysis
  -II Regression result for SG1 for 80%-i 00% power range
% change in CF due to 1% change in flow (%/ %)               0.001)1%
Upper 95% confidence limit for % change (%/%)               0.0075%
Low'er R 95% confidence limit for % change (% / %)           -0.0072%
S R egression res&sect;ul t fo~r S.G,2' fr 8-0%-i 00%/ power range
% c',hange in CF due to 1%chanei flow (%/0I6%)             0.01 19%
Upper 95% confidence limit for % change M / %               0.0191%
Lower 95% confidence limit for % change (%/ 1%)             0.0048%
6-40
 
S e sGiah's   8es'sion C.F history Temperature has been extremely stable, with high accuracy
            , FW has been stable m One Unit 3 FW line showing signs of small calibration changes. (next slide)
* Having:UFM/UTM and existing plant instr. Allows good cross verfication of flow 6-41
 
Fc&#xfd;xaIpe ' !how               nng changes in FW
                                              -U3    FW #2 Cf SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend     U3 MS #2 Cf
                                              -  Linear (U3 FW #2 Cf)
Linear (U3 MS #2 Cf) 1.0050 II 1.004,0 1.003,0 1.0020 1.00110 1.0000 0.9990 0.9980 0.9970 0.9960 0.9950 6-42 12/2001 to 6/2002
 
U Sessions   Session I Les son Ilearne.e d
          *i Blowdown instrumentation could have been calibrated by UFM, followed by a fixed blowdown correction factors for steam flow calculations.
TLU hit with this method would be acceptable, and overall claimed TLU unchanged.
TLU hit with this method would be acceptable, and overall claimed TLU unchanged.
6-43.ia  
6-43
&sect;essions..Sessibn 4 BIG Lesson learne ed App. K uprate is based on.increased accuracy of calorimetric.
                        .ia
* YOUR uprate will be a number assuming you are NOW at a real 100% power.* Present inaccuracies will add or subtract from you increase % goal in Mwe.6-44}}
 
&sect;essions. .Sessibn                                   4 BIG Lesson learneed App. K uprate is based on
            .increased accuracy of calorimetric.
* YOUR uprate will be a number assuming you are NOW at a real 100% power.
* Present inaccuracies will add or subtract from you increase % goal in Mwe.
6-44}}

Latest revision as of 14:18, 22 March 2020

Section 6 - Installation and Initial Operating Experience with the Crossflow Ultrasonic Flow and Temperature at SONGS, Units 2 & 3
ML080280318
Person / Time
Site: San Onofre  Southern California Edison icon.png
Issue date: 01/23/2008
From: Askari V, Jenny Murray, Schwaebe M
AMAG, Southern California Edison Co
To:
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
References
FOIA/PA-2008-0046
Download: ML080280318 (42)
v • d • e


Text

- S 6

INSTALLATION AND INITIAL OPERATING EXPERIENCE WITH THE CROSSFLOW ULTRASONIC FLOW AND TEMPERATURE SYSTEMS AT SONGS UNITS 2 AND 3 Dr. Vahid Askari AMAG, Inc.

Joseph G. Murray Michael J. Schwaebe SONGS/SCE

ýý 2m

. .- i _-

temperature, and transients during startup. The interface software also made a comparison of the calculated and measured parameter *ales aI demo6nstrated the system s exceientperformance, sensitivity, and robustness under various operating conditions. The actual increase in power generation was approximately half the expected amount due to an unanticipated, non-conservative error in the final feedwater process temperature.

Nomenclature In the discussions that follow, "correction factor" (CD is used in reference to the output of the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM systems. The correction factors are calculated for feedwater and steam flows as follows. The correction factors for blowdown flow and temperatures are similar.

FW~i, C1 (feedwater) = (I)

(FW - Blowdown ,

Cf (steam ) = (2)

INTRODUCTION CROSSFLOW & CORRTEMP PIPING HARDWARE CONFIGURATION The TYPICAL locations of installed CROSSFLOW (UFM) and CORRTEMP (UTM) brackets on both feedwater lines are shown in Figure 1. For each unit a total of 8 brackets were installed (4 UFM and 4 UTM). All of the feedwater brackets were installed downstream of the venturi on a long straight run of 18" Schedule 100 pipe. The Blowdown brackets were installed on very long straight runs of 4" piping in the same area of the feedwater bracket installations. The location of the Blowdown brackets was decided in part on using a common junction box with the feedwater transmitters.

The two ultrasonic brackets for each line, the UTM and UFM, were installed very close to each other with a clear spacing of 5 inches. The close spacing made it possible to use the same cable conduit and a single insulation assembly on both brackets in each line. Each insulation assembly consisted of a metallic cover and insulation blanket was used to protect the transducers. The metallic insulation helped to minimize mechanical damage to the transducers and associated cables, for instance by people walking on the insulation. Figure 2 shows a completed installation on the blowdown lines.

6-3

4- - a "Sess-iqn)'.

- £ Figure 1: SONGS, typical UFM and UTM installations Figure 2: Insulated UFM & UTM installations on blowdown lines The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP instruments and interface with the plant computer are described in more detail in Reference (4).

INSTALLATION AND STARTUP CHALLENGES The major challenges were the U2 feedwater UFM bracket location, UFM Blowdown flow measurement, ACL configuration, and software interface at the plant computer. U2 bracket location, blowdown flow and ACL configuration are discussed below. The software interface at 6-4

7 0

2 n -SeS.S.ion the plant computer was pot ready for the scheduled the power uprate, necessitating manual ifrnplenntatidn; which is discussed beaow. it should be noted that, with th-e exCteptiI ufoe ultrasonic temperature probe failure-and a "National Instruments data acquisition card" driver anomaly during the U2 UTM system startup, there have been -no UFM or UTM equipment or software problems.

Unit 2 Feedwater UFM Bracket Location During the pipe bracket installation and test phases at Unit 2, the steel piping at the preferred location > 15 L/Ds downstream of the feedwater venturis was found to have poor acoustic properties. The CROSSFLOW UFM technology employs the pipe wall in acoustic transmission and reception and requires the pipe to transmit a strong acoustic signal. The acoustic properties of the piping at the planned location were not suitable even with a pre amplifier for the 600+ feet transducer cable. The brackets were moved upstream to chrome-moly piping installed due to flow accelerated corrosion (FAC). UFM measurements at the new locations, 7 to 9 L/Ds downstream of the FW venturis and >84-90 L/Ds downstream of elbows, were found to be biased, necessitating a cross calibration only after ruling out other potential contributing factors.

(This is an example of Murphy's Law applied to a project with a tight schedule and great management visibility.)

In this cross calibration, the permanent CROSSFLOW meters were installed just downstream of the feedwater venturi at about 7 to 9 L/D and temporary CROSSFLOW meters at >15 L/D downstream concurrently. The > 15 L/D location was found to be suitable for short transducer cable lengths with pre amplification. Precautions were taken to minimize total error in the cross

,calibration factors. These included multiple sets of piping measurements, UFM instrumentation in multiplex mode for concurrent upstream and downstream flow measurement, and long data runs. The cross calibration factors were developed and applied to both feedwater lines.

UFM Blowdown Flow SONGS utilizes both a feedwater and a steam based calorimetric calculation of reactor power.

The steam based calorimetric of reactor power is the preferred indication because it is independent of the feedwater venturi, is not susceptible to rapid changes in-condition, and provides a signal with less noise than the feedwater calorimetric calculation. The steam flow correction factor is the ratio of UFM feedwater minus UFM blowdown to the process plant steam flow. UFM blowdown flow availability was found to be a function of plant conditions and blowdown flow rate.

At each Unit, the blowdown piping runs from two steam generators through containment isolation valves'and check valves several hundred feet to control valves at the inlet to the Blowdown flash tank. The system has a fluid resonance and piping vibration in the range of 10 to 15 H1,which. isjin the same frequency range as the demodulated signals from theultrasonic 6-5

7=

e,, I - - ios Se.§9ion U flow measurement. The'background noise from the resonance and vibration interfere with the cross correlation process. Sometimes the blowdown flow is so great that there is two phase flow in the piping at the measurement location which interrupts both the UFM and UTM.

Successful UFM measurement was accomplished through selective tuning of blowdown transducer frequency ranges-at selected Blowdown flow rates. Outlying data points were eliminated through a CROSSFLOW software modification which would exclude data outside of a 3 sigma band based upon the previous ten data points. In the near future, the Algorithm and Communication Layer (ACL) software will be modified such that a default blowdown correction factor can be applied to plant blowdown flow in the steam correction factor algorithm. A default blowdown correction will allow the ACL to calculate steam flow correction factors when UFM blowdown is not available. Review of the manual calculation data and CROSSFLOW system generated correction factor data show that the blowdown correction factors are relatively steady and very stable, i.e., typical change over a several day/week period is in the 4 th decimal place. In the long term, the CROSSFLOW software will be modified to provide a selectable window for the cross correlation frequency range.

Algorithm & Communication Layer (ACL)

The CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements are not used as instantaneous indications of the plant process. Rather, the measurements are applied as long term averages of several hours of data in order to meet uncertainty requirements. The ACL. performs automatic calculation of correction factors for both the CROSSFLOW UFM and CORRTEMP UTM measurements, and provides these to the plant computer every 4 minutes. Refer to Reference (TBD) for a more detailed description of ACL operation. The calculations are based upon data sets inlong-term buffers.

The initial buffer size was set for about 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> and the final setup was about 30 hours3.472222e-4 days <br />0.00833 hours <br />4.960317e-5 weeks <br />1.1415e-5 months <br />. The buffer size was extended to provide smoothed correction factors and, therefore, indication of reactor power. Figure 3 shows the calculated variations of the correction factors using various buffer sizes. Figure 4 shows the calculated main steam calorimetric reactor power level using the final buffer size of 450 points versus the real power level. The criterion used for buffer size was that the correction factor variation be the same or less than the variation in indicated reactor power.

6-6

9"essi n Figure 3: Main Steam Correction Factor Trends as a Function of Buffer Size 6-7

aS Ion-U3 3 days (1/8-1111) MSBSCAL vs calculated AMAG MSBSCAL 100.00 .0 99.95 1.0020 99.90 N : 1.0015 99.85 1.0010 99.80 =

CL *. 3CV9616

9) - AMAG auto MSSSCAL

-099.75005 <Co~r3 SG1 AMAG Cf C" 997SG2 AMAG Cf 99.70 1.0000 99.. 5 99.85~ __0.9995 99.80 01.9990 99.55 99.50 0.9985 Days Figure 4: MSBSCAL with 30 Hour Buffer 6-8

on I POWER UPRATE H!*TORY The uprate history and manual implementation are discussed in the following sections.

Unit 3 The U3 power uprate of 1.4% was implemented successfully 8/16/01. The uprate was made possible by manual calculation and utilization of new feedwater venturi coefficientsand MSBIAS terms, and Blowdown flow and feedwater temperatures based upon the highly accurate ultrasonic flow and temperature measurements. In this new process, the reactor power calorimetric total'loop uncertainty is approximately 0.5%. The uncertainty of the old process was greater than 1.5%.

The chart below shows a visual picture of the implementation process. The correction factors were manually installed in the plant computer about 11 am. The controlling reactor power at implementation was based upon FWBSCAL (CV9615), and the indication increased about 0.8%

immediately with no increase in generation. This immediate change was due to the fact that the old FWBSCAL reactor power indication with its 1.5% uncertainty was indicating 0.8% less than the new more accurate process. MSBSCAL (CV9616), the reactor power based upon steam flowsteam flow, was calibrated at power uprate time, and this is the reason for the large step change.

The component errors of this 0.8% error in FWBSCAL were as follows:

Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total of 0.53%.

Pipe area error (flow) associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.391/o. (We had used the UFM with the old style aluminum brackets, circa 1997 test equipment, to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at start of this operating cycle.)

Blowdown error, - 0.11%.

The power increase was started about 1230 and Unit 3 reached full power about 1315. The chart shows a 9 to 10 MWe increase in generation from the starting point of 98.3% to full reactor power, nominally 1153 to 1162 Mwe (JT8000, right axis). SONGS Unit 3 had an unrealized benefit of 8 MWe due to process error from the start of operating cycle to this time to power uprate time, and an additional benefit of 8 MWe as a result of the power uprate using the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instrumentation. Unit 3 would have realized a 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.

6L9

a - I e s Figure 5: Unit 3 Power Uprate Unit 2 U2 Power uprate was implemented shortly after noon on 12/12/01. MSBSCAL (CV9616) changed exactly as expected. Indicated reactor power changed 0.7 to 0.8% step change with the new FW venturi coefficients, MSBIAS change, and Blowdown and FW temperature corrections, similar to U3 with no increase in generation. Most of the correction was in final feedwater temperature. The small spread in the two reactor power indications shown in the chart was due to feedwater coefficient calculation methodology and was eliminated with subsequent application of feedwater correction factors.

SONGS Unit 2 realized about 10 MWe at power uprate time as shown in the chart below.

Megawatts (JT8000), the right vertical axis in this chart, increased from 1177.5 to 1187.5. As in Unit 3, Unit 2 would have realized 16 MWe at implementation of the power uprate had the old process been indicating true reactor power.

6-10

"M - a

- TreI' l_. - IUI Pl W-iM _P DNA History Plot C -----------------------

.. ! r ------ .....-I. ---------------- --.- 19.

'- --- -I-----------

-*?r............* ............. r ............ ,........... . ""'1 , "" * :* 1 *3}

  • '. * -........ . ...... ............... . " " II .* ,

5-1 .5 ",-----.....

- -- -- -- - - - .- 117"7.5 "

S1175 0

-SONGS' U2PN1S.C~vt15 SEC; CAL PWRESDCAýe

-SONGS LQPIMS.CVý16SECCL51V5 AED01 Y

-SONSV2MSJ230OMAIN GEN GROSS MW(Y) -

Wffl* Sýo Wlt Figure 6: Unit 2 Power Uprate History Manual Implementation and Correction Factor History The plant computer software interface was not ready when SONGS was licensed for the 1.42%

power uprate. A process was developed to provide for manual calculation of correction factors based upon the new ultrasonic flow and temperature instruments and implementation in the plant computer. The process has thefollowing elements:

Verification of initial conditions: The unit is steady state full power lineup, plant computer and UFM/UTM systems operable for >24 hours.

Retrieval of UFM and UTM data files: The UFM and UTM files are converted to ASCII format and copied to a floppy disk or transferred via modem.

Verification of UFM and UTM statistical criteria: The UFM and UTM data is copied into Excel spreadsheets where the standard deviation and confidence interval are calculated and verified to meet the design basis.

Retrieval of plant data: The data is downloaded from DNA long-term history servers using Excel spreadsheets.

6-11

I B Correction of UFM flows and UTM temperatures: Nominal pressures and temperatures are used in the CRUSSFLOW and CORETEMP configti-on setings. Minor coirections are needed for actual plant conditions.

Calculation of correction factors, venturi coefficients and main steam bias: Correction factors are the ratio of corrected flows and temperatures to the respective plant parameter. Other coefficients and bias terms are based upon algorithms.

Reactor power verification: The temperature correction factors are based upon data obtained in the primary computer. These factors are adjusted, if necessary, to prevent nonconservative power indication in the backup computer.

Independent Review: Reactor engineers perform an independent review of the data and calculations.

Implementation of correction factors: The correction factors are manually input into their respective addressable constant registers in the plant computers.

The manual calculations were performed the day before the power uprate' and implemented on the day of power uprate. Manual calculations were performed and implemented the day after and then at 3, 7 and 14 days after, and thereafter at approximately 14 day intervals. Correction factors are considered good for 31 days based upon worst-case venturi instrumentation drift errors applied to available total loop uncertainty (TLU) calculation margin. A 14 day update allows time to resolve emergent issues. Manual calculations were performed for both units from power uprate through May 2002 when automatic operation was initiated. Unit 2 trend charts of the correction history are shown below. Note the stability of the feedwater and steam flow and feedwater temperature correction factors, AK2000, 2004 and 2006 respectively in Figure 7, AK2001, 2005 and 2007 in the Figure 8. Unit 3 trends are similar.

U2 SG I E089 Correction Factor History 1.0040 - A ..

1.0020 "

1.0000 ~-'-

S0.9980 -- ----

0.09960 __-

0.9940

  • 0.9920 0.9900 0- 1- 00 0ý

- AK2004 FgAK20007AK2006

- - Figure 7 6-12

- B - a I I 0.9e 0=

I.I>

f--A(2001 -'ACK20 A207'

  • Q Figure 8 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE UNDER VARIOUS PLANT OPERATING CONDITIONS CROSSFLOW Correction Factor Sensitivity and Variation In SONGS Unit 2 during Startup Plant Startup The plant startup in October 2001 provided an opportunity to observe the sensitivity and variation of the CROSSFLOW correction factors during power ascension. The results show that for power levels greater than approximately 60%, the correction factors are stable with changes in power level.

The October 2001 Songs Unit 2 startup data was used for analyzing the sensitivity of the correction factor at different power levels (80% to 100%). The CROSSFLOW digital feedwater data, called Xflow, was collected manually and plant temperatures and pressures were used to correct the collected data for to actual-plant process conditions. These corrections are for density, spacing, correction factor, and pipe ID. The adjusted CROSSFLOW data then was compared with flow rates from the feedwater plant instruments, which are based on venturi, and a ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow was calculated. This ratio is equivalent to the process correction factors developed by the CROSSFLOW ACL software.

Figure 9 and 10 show the calculated ratio of Xflow/Plant Flow during the startup period. The variation is due to fast transients in the startup period and inherent venturi characteristics. A regression analysis was performed on data from both feedwater loops in order to calculate the 95% confidence interval for the change in correction factor from a change in feedwater flow rate.

Table I and Table 2 show the regression results. The regression analysis results support the fact that there are no significant changes in the feedwater correction factors due to flow changes from 8** -to-10% with temperature changes 420 F to44O0 F.The -osi s ency o6f t*he lculfed-tibo ca 6-13

sion-s (Xflow/Plant floW) at even lower power ieveis (60%) also indicates that there is no significant change in correction factor daie to changes in feedwater temperature above 4000 F.

XtlowiCV1029 (SGI) Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (8S%-100% Power) 1.02 12a.8%='

1.018 1.016 1.014 -100.0%

1.012 1.01 1.008

-80.0%

1.006 1.004 t 082 4 9 -. 40.0%

09.88t1M

.Safi 8.9540 0.8-10/2412001 4:48 Moo.Avg.(Parot Flow)

UF

. Avg.(XftuwFWNmthaiW" Avg(Pc.oo0 F"ow 10/2 081 10:48 18/2442001 86.48 10124r200122:48 1025,2001 4:46 t::10'4211200118:48 00 Figure 9: SGI Feedwater Flow and Correction Factor vs. % Flow XflowICV112S (SG2} Ratio for SONGS Unit 2 (80%-100% Power) 1.02 120.0%

1.018 1.014 1.012 1.800 1.006 80.0%

1.004 I.00 1 60.0%

0.095 0.894 .48.0%

0.g99 0.08 Mov. Avg. (Psemant FlowI 0.088 - Mov. Avg. (XftowFW/VnmbandFW) 0.988 FWUFM (PaotFlow) ;20.%

0.904 -

o982.

10424=2001 4:48 10/24/20G0 10:48 1042442001 l6:48 8/2M4208122:48 1005/200t 4:46 1012Va2001 10:48 JFhigO.O  : SC32) Feed-+ot ri x'1 and Corhrect;nn Va.nr.Ve 046 Flow 6-14

ion Table 1. Songs unit 2 FPI111 ion resuat for SGI for 80/-100*/%

%/ angin CF due to 1%d inaflow(%/%)

r 0.000!1]

I LbDer 95% oo dence !init for %ch m (%/ %. 0.00750/c Lc"r 95% confidence lirit for % w M / %) -0.00720/

Table 2. Songs unit 2 FP1121 Fegreson reult for SG2 for 8V1/-1OO% pm" range

% dvr inCF dueto 1% ia inflow(%/%) 0.0119/

LW 95%cnfiderm limit for %da-m (%/%) 0.0191 /

0 Law 95%/caliderne liUit for %ddge (%/%) /0.0/8)

Figure I1 and Figure 12 show both the feedwater and steam flow correction factors, Cf, during the October 2001 startup period for both steam generators. The correction factors were calculated as described above. The steam venturi correction factor was based upon the process blowdown flow indication since UFM blowdown flow was not available. The results show that the correction factor is very consistent. The variation at low flow is due to nonlinearity in venturi reading.

6-15

I n 4

Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 1) 1.040 100.0%

1.025 - K

  • 0.0%

1.020.

a U-a 1.005.

U 40.0%

0.965 0.990 -- ,--XIowFW/FWI 20.0%

--4,- XiawIST/ST 1 0.985 -&-pewamnl flow 0.:80 0.0%

10/23/2001 12:00 10/23/2001 18:00 10/24/2001 0:00 10/24/2001 :00 10/2412001 1M00 10/24/2G01 18:00 10/25/2001 0:00 10/25/001 6:00 10/25/01 12.00 "Time Figure 11: SG1 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup Correction Factor as Power Increased SONGS Unit 2 Startup Period (Steam Generator 2)

U U.

a a

=

U L

10=23/2001 10/23/12001 1 0/24/2001 1024120 10/2001 10/24/2001 10125/2001 10/2512001 10/25/2001 12:00 18:00 0:00 6:00 1100 18:00 0:00 6:00 12:00 Time Figure 12: SG2 Correction Factor Variation during Unit 2 October 2001 Startup 6-16

I 1 -1a For the Unit 2 Cycle 12 startup in early July. 2002, the CROSSFLOW and CORRTEMP systems were operating with communication to the pant computer. In this mod*, the cS-r-ctidoffactrae generated by the ACL, sent to the plant computer, and stored in the plant history DNA server.

Fieure 13 shows an actual trend in the correction factors versus flow (% reactor power).

7 ffrndl-DNA History.Plot 1.02----------------------------------------------- r----------------- ------- 105 1.01----- --------..---..... --

S- , -.

I.o -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

0.9 I 7 07M .00:3:20 07/W 03:4O0:0 07M &-6~:40 07A31:913:20

- SONGS.U2PMS CV2001X FW MASS FLOW CORR ) . i

- SONGS.U2PMiS.CV2U0SX STM MSS FLOW CORR SG2 A (Y)

SONGS.U2PMS.CV3615 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)

-~--_ " ------

[AL - -2 '

Figure 13: Unit 2 SG2 Correction Factor Startup Trends EXAMPLE CORRECTION FACTOR HISTORY FOR SONGS UNIT 3, SG #2 Figure 14 shows the slow change in Unit 3 steam generator 2 feedwater correction factor over a six-month period. Note that the corresponding steam correction factorhas remained relatively steady over this same period, which indicates that the feedwater venturi flow is drifting high, an indication of venturi fouling. The combination of plant process feedwater and steam instrumentation, along with the CROSSFLOW UFM, provides the ability to easily identify these kinds of changes. Figure 15 shows both Unit 3 feedwater correction factors from August 2001 to present. The timing of the ACL buffer length change can be seen clearly. About 1/3 of the way into this trend, the correction factors variation decreases significantly. Towards the end, the two correcti_-naccors_ a-re drift-ing apart.

6-17

I Tn.

-- U3 FW #2 Cf SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend -U3 MS #2 Cf

- Unear (U3 FW #2 Co

-- Unear (U3 MS #2 Co) 1.0050 1.0040 1.0030 1.0020 1.0010 1.0000 -

0.9990 0.9980 -

0.9970 -

0.9960 0.9950 1212001 to 6)2002

/

Figure 14: U3 SG2 Long Term Feedwater Fouling Trend 6-18

- 0-e sý.. n SONGS 3 FW CF's; 1i montihs 1.005 -

W;M T*-15 -5n'__

1.004 RN 1.003

-- - ý 1.002 1.001 -

1 - -- FW 21

-FW 0.999 0.998-0.997 0.996 0.995 Figure 15: U3 Feedwater Correction Factor Trends Lessons Learned Among the many lessons learned in the process of this power uprate, anticipated benefits from such a major expenditure need to be expressed accurately. At SONGS, the anticipated benefit from this Appendix K uprate was based upon the original indication of reactor power being accurate, which turned out to be a poor assumption. For other plants, the new instrumentation could show a similar finding, that the plant is part way or already operating at the new uprate power level.

References

1. Westinghouse-CE Topical Report CENPD-397-P-A, Revision 01, "Improved Flow Measurement Accuracy Using Crossflow Ultrasonic Flow Measurement Technology," May 2000.
2. Advanced Measurement & Analysis Group (AM.AG), "AMAG-MAN-EN-006-00 Users Manual for CORRTEMP 1.0.x UTM System," Revision 0, August 2001.
3. Advanced Measurement & Analysis Group (AMAG), "Software Requirements Spec.ifica-ti-oi-SRS-7 37..06R0 -vu2,-0 Jan0 2002...

6-19

S- - S n-

4. "A Description ofthe CROSSFLOW System to Support 1.4% Power Uprate at SONGS,"

Vahid Askari, ANMLAG, Inc, Joseph G. Mufrray4, SONGS /SCE, and Michael J. Schwaebe, SONGS/SCE, presented to EPRI NPPI Conference July 2002.

6-20 K,

- ssion Sessidn.1 SONGS UFM/UTM Instal ,l, act,4ioin a d Initia lop erating'.experience Michael J. Schwaebe Southern California Edison 949 368 6744 schwaemj @songs.sce.com 6-21

U -Sessions 'Sessi.on I

)NGS Power Uprate Configuration

  • AMAG UFM and UTM on feedwater and blowdown SC1ROSSFLOW ACL software calculates FW, BD and steam flow CFs and FW temperature CFs, determines quality, and provides alarms.

C*ROSSFLOW ACL interface between both the primary and backup process computers, with independent calculation of CFs.

Two reactor power calorimetrics, FW and main steam M,,,ain steam calorimetric reactor power is preferred. The steam venturis are not subject to rapid fouling and de--

fouling like the FW.

Plant process computer de-fouling alarm based upon FWý and main steam calorimetrics.

6-22

9 n Session.l.-

SPipig .Hardware 4 UFM and 4 UTM per Unit m UTM located next to UFM to minimize cable/conduit routing Proper; insulation and mechanical protection is needed.

  • SONGS had insulated cans covered by insulation blankets 6-23

6-24

-,ý.ý.Sessions Session I Installlation alnd Startupl Chal~lenges Unit 2 :,FW UFM location

  • Original, position had poor acoustic properties
  • Signal strength insufficient for the 600+ feet cable runs
  • Brackets relocated to upstream Chrome-Moly piping recently installed for FAC
  • Cross Calibration performed due to lowered LIDs 6-25

Sessions Session 1.

Installation and Startup Challenges (cont.)

m.UFM Blowdown Flow

  • Steam flow calculated from FW minus blowdown
  • Fluid resonance & piping vibrations in the range of 10-15 Hz, interferes with UFM
  • Twophase flow at high flow rates
  • Selective tuning for selected flowrates, future software mods 6-26

Sessions Session I It ion and Startup Challengýes (cont.)

is Algorithm& Communication Layer CF'sicalculated on same size buffelrs of UFM and plant instrument data

  • Initial. buffer size 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br />
  • Final buffer size 30 hours3.472222e-4 days <br />0.00833 hours <br />4.960317e-5 weeks <br />1.1415e-5 months <br /> Final! buffer size used to ensure:

that indicated plant power was at least: as stable as original 6-27

  • ph for buffer size determination Various buffers sizes Main Steam Correction Factors 11 days Unit 3 1.0040I-1.0030* -I 1.0020i-1.001 0; -

-avg ms cf 120 1.00001*-

- avg ms cf 240

-avgl.ms cf 480 0.9990-0.99801 -

0.9970i!-

0.9960t]i 0.9950 6-28 1 202 403 604 805 1006 1207.1408 1609 1810 2011 2212.2413 2614 2815 3016 3217 3418 3619 3820

6S-sin Ses"s16on. I 1At Uprate.8/16/02, Manual Mode

[ At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.8% immediately

  • The component errors of this 0.8%

error in BSCAL were as follows:

  • Temperature error, 0.16% on FW flow and 0.37% on enthalpy change, for a total. of 0.53%

Pipe area error (flow)l associated with old UFM test methodology, 0.39% (We: used the UFM test equipment to calibrate the U3 FW venturis at Start of C1l1)

  • Blowdown error, - 0.11%

6-29

Session I fnit3 @power uprate 6-30

'Sessi ,Session I Uprate 12/12/02, Manual Mode

  • At implementation, reactor power increased about 0.75% immediately The primary component of the BSCAL increase was a 2.7 degree error in-final feedwater temperature 6-31

esso0 ,Ses§ion F U-r iIit 2 @power uprate

-- I DNA History Plot 0-------

100.25 .. . .. . ..---------

100.205------------- ------------

.. .- -... . - - - --. 7 -- - - - - - -r - - -

7----------- -----------

9 ' "I I . II- -I' "I -

I I -

100.00 "I

. 4---------- I "I" 98 .75 . . . . - . . .1 . . . . . . . . . . ..

9 8 .50 . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . .k ! -;-'--

98.2 12/11 10:00:00 12/11 18:20:00 12/12 02:40:00 '12/12 11:00:00 12/12

- SONGS.U2PMS.CV9615 SEC CAL POWER BASED OK ýre)

- SONGS.U2PMS.CVq616 SEC CAL POWER BASED ON (Y)

- SONGS.U2PMS.JTB000 MAIN GEN GROSS MW (Y) 6-32

- 6on Session'l aIal Mod UF Cairtion

[ Frequency, BI-weekly per SONGS procedure:

S023-V-2.12.

[ Calculation of correction factors:

,.Use excel spreadsheet, book format for UFM, plant data and calculations

]Integrate UFM QA calc acceptance criteria into spreadsheet Use 24 to 36 hour4.166667e-4 days <br />0.01 hours <br />5.952381e-5 weeks <br />1.3698e-5 months <br /> data sets to smooth the correction factors

, FW coefficients and main steam bias terms were changed at uprate to make the initial corrections 1.0 6-33

iI

..- §ie si Session I an lMod'e Data qualification Part 1'!, Statistical Verification, Procedure Section 6.1.4 Calculalt.on Description Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step _

1A--- Date =(beg of Date range) 1B Start Time =(beg of Time range) 2 End Time =(end of Time range) 3 Sample Count (N) =COUNT(Time range) 4 Time Delay (TD) Mean -AVERAGE(TD range) 5 TD Standard Deviation =STDEV(TD range)-

6. . TD 3(STDEV) =TD - 3*STDEV 7 TD + 3(STDEV) =TD + 3*STDEV 8 Student T.distribution -TINV(O.05, Nai) 9 95% confidence interval (Student T*STDEV/TD/SQRT(N)*100 10U2 95% Conf Int Criteria From Ref 2.2.1

- Criteria Verification Step 9 is = or < than Step 10, Yor N (5-34

'Sessions Seso I man ual Mode Flow Correction Part , UFM Flow Correction, Procedure Section 6.2 CalcLJlation D-esccription Spreadsheet Function,_Algorithm, or Sou'rc!.,e--,.....

Step"*.

12 FE1127U Mean UFM Flow =AVERAGE(UFM Flow Range) 13 TE1127 Corrected FW Temp Attachment 11 Step 16, see comments 14 CV9924X FW Pressure Attachment 13 Step 9 15 Steam Table Density Nist Steam Tables, steps 13 and 14 16 FE1127 Density =AVERAGE(Density Range) 17 FE1.127 Temperature (Tsetup) =AVERAGE(Temperature Range) 18 Density ..Correction (DENcor) =Steam table Density/FE1127 Density 19U2 Trans Spacing Correction (Lcor)l =(1 +7.793E-6*(TE1 127-Tsetup))

20U2' Pipe IDCorrection (Dcor) =(1+7.735E-6*(TE1127-Tsetup))A2 21 . 'JFE1127 Corrected UFM Flow =FE1127*DENcor*Lcor*Dcor.

    • If TE1127 is bad, use TE1117 from Attachment 9 Step 16 6-35

.H6 t6s'siont L ..s ion I

ýManual Mode Correction factor Calculation

.Part 3 Correction. Factor Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcui.lation Description_ Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step ,i 22 CV1129U FW Flow From Attachment 13 Step 11 23 CV961OU Steam Flow From Attachment 13 Step 13 24 FE4095 Corrected BD Flow From Attachment 8 Step 21 25 AK2001 (FW CF for SG2) =FE1127/CV1129U 26 AK2005 STM CF for SG2 =(FE1127-FE4095)/CV961OU Part

  • Feedwater Venturi Coefficients and MSBIAS Calculation, Procedure Section 6.3 Calcullation Description _ _Spreadsheet Function, Algorithm, or Source Step 27 K9661 FWVenturi2old K9661-from COLSCONS Printout 28 K9663 FWVenturiTempCOEFF2 K9663 from COLSOONS Printout 29 K9661'FWVenturi2new =(AK2001-1)*K9663*TE1127+AK2001*K9661 30 K9946 MSBIAS2 old K9946 from COLSCONS Printout 3 K9946 MSBIAS2 new =AK2005*K9946 6-36

es 0i- os-Sion S I nit 2 SG2 Correction Factor History (blowup)

U2 SG2 E088 Correction Factor History 1.0040 1.0020 0 1.0000 C..)

LL. 0.9980 1=

0 0.9960 0

(I) 1.~

'0 0.9940 0

0.9920 0.9900

~01/

I--- AK2001 AK2003 -*---AK2005 .- W--AK2007 6-38

-.Sessiont',,. Session I System Performance Sensitivity during plant startup

  • UFM data only used >80% power
  • Plant startup data shows stability of UFM data above 60% power was within claimed accuracy

. No significant changes in CF's due to FWQ temps lowered from 440 to 400, (low limits) 6-39 "

..Sessions

'i bssio.n I Results of startup alysis

-II Regression result for SG1 for 80%-i 00% power range

% change in CF due to 1% change in flow (%/ %) 0.001)1%

Upper 95% confidence limit for % change (%/%) 0.0075%

Low'er R 95% confidence limit for % change (% / %) -0.0072%

S R egression res§ul t fo~r S.G,2' fr 8-0%-i 00%/ power range

% c',hange in CF due to 1%chanei flow (%/0I6%) 0.01 19%

Upper 95% confidence limit for % change M / % 0.0191%

Lower 95% confidence limit for % change (%/ 1%) 0.0048%

6-40

S e sGiah's 8es'sion C.F history Temperature has been extremely stable, with high accuracy

, FW has been stable m One Unit 3 FW line showing signs of small calibration changes. (next slide)

  • Having:UFM/UTM and existing plant instr. Allows good cross verfication of flow 6-41

FcýxaIpe ' !how nng changes in FW

-U3 FW #2 Cf SONGS Unit 3 MS & FW #2 Cf trend U3 MS #2 Cf

- Linear (U3 FW #2 Cf)

Linear (U3 MS #2 Cf) 1.0050 II 1.004,0 1.003,0 1.0020 1.00110 1.0000 0.9990 0.9980 0.9970 0.9960 0.9950 6-42 12/2001 to 6/2002

U Sessions Session I Les son Ilearne.e d

  • i Blowdown instrumentation could have been calibrated by UFM, followed by a fixed blowdown correction factors for steam flow calculations.

TLU hit with this method would be acceptable, and overall claimed TLU unchanged.

6-43

.ia

§essions. .Sessibn 4 BIG Lesson learneed App. K uprate is based on

.increased accuracy of calorimetric.

  • YOUR uprate will be a number assuming you are NOW at a real 100% power.
  • Present inaccuracies will add or subtract from you increase % goal in Mwe.

6-44

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