ML20247Q689
| ML20247Q689 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Saxton File:GPU Nuclear icon.png |
| Issue date: | 01/16/1989 |
| From: | Jester W, Rose A PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIV., UNIVERSITY PARK, PA |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20247Q663 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8906070013 | |
| Download: ML20247Q689 (110) | |
Text
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REPORT ON DRILLING AND RADIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES COLLECTED AT SITES OF.
SPENT RESIN AND LIQUID WASTE TANKS SNEC FACILITY, SAXTON, PA I
O Arthur W. Rose Professor of Geochemistry, Department of Geosciences William A. Jester Professor of Nuclear Engineering, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering-Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA 16802 January 16, 1989 Prepared for:
GPU Nuclear Corp.
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0906070013 890522 PDR ADOCK 05000146 p PDC F
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TABLE OF CONTENTS:
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\.I L A_ / Page
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' EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
1
'O( C INTRODUCTION 3 HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF SITE 5 GE0 LOGY AND NATURAL SURF 1CIAL MATERIALS AT THE SITE 7
,,-- Devonian Catskill and Foreknobs Formations 7 i -
Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Rocks 11
\ -
Older Alluvial Deposits along Raystown Branch 12
' MATERIALS ORIGINATING FRDM COAL-FIRED AND 12
-NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACTIVITIES Coal 12 Bottom Ash 13 Fly Ash 13 SELECTION OF DRILLSITES 14 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 14 Drilling 14
/~'N Sample Handling in Field 16 I
g
\ Mapping .
17
\ Gamma Logging 17 Selection of Samples for T-Series Dri11 holes. 17 Sample Preparation at Penn State 19 GAMMA RAY SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS 20
, DISCUSSION OF SURF 1CIAL AND BEDROCK GEOLOGY 22 s RAD 10ACTIV17Y OF T-SERIES HOLES 40 HYDROLOGY 46 CONCLUSIONS 47
,- s .
( ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 48 REFERENCES 49 APPENDIX A. GEOLOG1C AND TECHNICAL LOGS OF DRILLHOLES T1 TO T-6A A-1 O APPENDIX B. PmT0 GRAPHS B-1 APPENDIX C. GAMMA LOGS OF T SERIES DR1LLHOLES C-1 APPENDIX D. MEGASCOPIC AND BINOCULAR MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTIONS OF D-1 SAMPLES FROM T-SERIES DRILLHOLES APPENDIX E. SAMPLE WEIGHTS E-1
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APPENDIX F. EQUATIONS USED TO CALCULATE GAMMA SPECTROSCOPIC RESULTS F-1 I APPENDIX G. DRILLER'S LOGS G-1 1
GLOSSARY: 50 i
C LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Gamme Spectrometric Analyses of Samples From T-Series 42 Dri11 holes i Table 2. ~ Summary of Cs-137 Data from Gamma Spectrometry and 45 ,
Gamma Logging '
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Section of U.S.G.S. topographic map (Saxton 6 Quadrangle, 1:24,000 scale, 1968) showing site and .;
former channel of haystown Branch Figure 2. Map of Saxton Nuclear Facility 8 (7 Figure 3 Geologic map of Saxton Quadrangle (after Pennsylvania- 9 l
\v ) Geological Survey 1981)
Figure 4. Map of site furnished by GPU personnel, showing tank 15 sites Figure 5. Map of Saxton Power Plant Site 18 Figure 6. Drill Log, Hole T-1 23 Figure 6A. Legend for Figures 4-17 24 Figures 7 to 12. Drill Loge, Holes T-? through T-6A 25 i Figures 13 to 19. Drill Logs, Holes B-1 through B-7 of Ground / 31 Water Technology Report (1981)
Figure 20. Schematic cross-section showing inferred relations 38 4 of geologic and man-made materials at site. See line of section on Figure 2 f"T
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I l
l EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
F i l' fsJ . A set of seven holes was drilled in August 1988 to investigate i \
T
\' '/ subsurface materials and geology at the former sites of six spent resin and liquid waste tanks at the SNEC Facility near Saxton, PA. A pilot l
,s investigation of radionuclides consisting of gamma logging of the drillholes l I
\- ! and gamma spectrometric analyses of 10 selected samples from the drill holes was also conducted. Geologic data from previous drilling in 1981 by Ground
,-~s Water Technology, Inc. was reviewed and irtegrated with the 1988 results.
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\s / In areas undisturbed by construction, the depth to bedrock consisting of sandstone, siltstone and mudstone is 8 to 12 f t. at the available drillholes within the area of the site. The bedrock was excavated to depths of 15 to 20 ft. below the surface at the locations of the tanks. In the undisturbed areae. a layer of boulder clay covers bedrock to within 3 to 6 ft. of the surface, and is overlain by silt, sand and gravel and a surficial layer of fly l'"'\ ash. All of these materials were excavated during the original emplacement of
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the tanks. The former locations of the tanks are now filled with red silty clay containing variable proportions of siltstone fragments, and coarse bottom ash. Most of the bottom ash appears to have been added after removal of the tanks in about 1974. The red clay appears to have been the original ffll around the tanks.
The water table at the time of drilling (a very dry period) was at a
('~N t
depth of 5 to 8.5 ft. and is interpreted to be perched en top of the toalder N--)
clay, which according to the 1981 report of Groundwater Technology has relatively 10w permeability. The bottom ash and the near-surface sand and j' gravel probably act as aquifers.
Ten samples were selected for gamma spectrometry, some from zones of anomalously high activity on the gamma logs and some from non-anomalous zones
/x of similar material. Nine of the 10 samples contain 137 Cs activities between 1 and 12 pC1/g, probably derived largely from nuclear activities at the site.
37 Cs in most of these samples is 10% or less of the activity of
.However, the natural radionuclides ( K, U and Th series). Gamma logs of the drillholes at the sites of two spent resin tanks show distinct anomalies (up to 150 counts /s, about 5x background) at depths of 3 to 10 f t. .The anomalies have relatively sharp peaks and extend over a few feet vertically, but cannot be explained by the level of radioactivity found in these 10 samples. Possible origins of these anomalies are lenses of more radioactive backfill not cut by f
the drillholes, or unremoved pipe stubs from the containment structure
( originally connected to the spent resin tanks. A less likely origin is reactor radiation which has been variably absorbed by intervening materials.
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INTRODUCTION m
, j General Public Utilities Nuclear, the operator of the SNEC Experimental V'
Station at Saxton, PA, is assessing the station for eventual decontamination I
and decommissioning. GPU desires to investigate the possibility of subsurface
S contamination, especially at the former sites of tanks for storage of spent j
ion exchange resin and liquid waste, and to improve knowledge of the subsurface distribution of unconsolidated materials and bedrock. More
'~'T specific questions are as follows:
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- 1. Is there any indication of leakage from these tanks into the unconsolidated materials and rocks surrounding them?
- 2. What types of unconsolidated materials are present at these sites, and what is their depth range and distribution?
3 What is the depth to bedrock in the area?
- 4. What is the depth of the water table and the hydrology of the Saxton j g Nuclear Facility? ,
4 4 f
5 What are the strength and other geotechnical properties of these unconsolidated materials?
To evaluate these questions, on August 8 to 11, 1988, six split spoon auger holes were drilled to bedrock (15 to 20 ft.) and one half to one foot of bedrock was cored with dJamond drill. Samples were logged geologically and scanned for radioactivity with a field counter, the holes were logged with a
/'^v gamma logger, and ten samfA s were selected for determination of radionuclides v) by gamma spectron.etry.
The drilling of these six holes (designated the T-series) was carried fx out at the same time as the drilling of 11 two-foot auger holes (FC-series)
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intended to investigate radioactivity in the surficial materials, especially fly ash. Details of this crilling are reported separately, but some results of the FC-series holes are incorporated into this report.
(cN) v
HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF SITE rm The Saxton location was the site of a coal-fired power plant constructed (U} prior to 1951 based on aerial photos. The Saxton Nuclear Experiment Facility (SNEC) was added to the site in 1962. A small (7 MW) nuclear reactor and associated facilities were constructed and used to test various procedures U planned for large-scale nuclear power plants. Steam from the nuclear plant was used to power a turbine in the coal-fired plant. The SNEC facility l
operated until April 1972, when it was deactivated. The facility was partially decommissioned in 1972-74; the decommissioning includes removal of the included spent resin and liquid waste tanks and other major sources of radioactivity outside the containment building. In October 1974, the coal-fired plant was closed and later completely dismantled. The coal plant was operated only curing periods of heavy electrical demand from 1970 to 1974.
Within the past two years, the nuclear facility has been further (T decontaminated with the intent of eventual complete decommissioning of the
\)' site and et;ssation of its nuclear status. Radioactivity in the buildings and ground has been surveyed and largely removed. A preliminary ground water stucy was conducted in 1981 by Ground / Water Technology, Inc. of Denville, N.J.
The site is located on a gently sloping area 0.8 mile north of Saxton, Pennsylvania, on the fzood plain of ahe Raystown Branch of the Juntata River (Figure 1). A small tributary stream, 3boup Run, forms the south boundary of the area used for the coal-fired plant, and the Raystown Branch approximately
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limits the west and north sides. Steeper slopes define the east edge. This area of 1800 x 1200 ft. was cleared prior to 1951 and used for coal storage, T ash storage and plant construction. Air photos taken in 1951, 1958, 1966,
(
w 1967,1976,1977 and 1981 show a complex history of coal and ash storage and redistribution at the site. During this sequence of events, surface materials were redistributed and disturbed in many localities. Within the limits of the
%)
coal-fired facility, a fenced area of 260 x 210 f t. encloses the SNEC Facility The. findings of a previous report on a ground water study have been L reviewedi and' integrated with results of the new drilling.
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PENNSVtVANIA ouaa4Natt Location 7 1 CONTOUR INTERVAL 20 FEET DATUM IS MEAN SEA LEVEL O Figure 1. Section of U.S.C.S. topographic map (Saxton Quadrangle, l 1:24,000 scale,1968) showing site and former channel of Raystown Branch. j
'(Figure 2), and within the Facility, an additional fence separates the
[] containment area from the larger part of the SNEC Facility.
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The Saxton area receives precipitation averaging 37.9 in. per year (Environmental Data' Service, 1987) The most common wind direction for the p region is from the West (Climate Atlas of the U.S., 1968). Natural vegetation is deciduous forest, but the site has been cleared and now supports grass and locally small trees. The fenced containment area and some other parts of the o Nuclear Site have been seeded in vetch. I l O GEOLOGY AND NATURAL SURFICIAL MATERIALS AT THE SITE Devonian Catskill and Foreknobs Formations The bedrock underlying the site is assigned to the Devonian Foreknobs Formation by the Pennsylvania Geological Survey (Figure 3). This unit has also been called a lower member of the Devonian Catskill Formation (Williams and Slangerland, 1986), and will be denoted as the Catskill Formation in this ('N report. The Foreknobs/ Catskill Formation is characterized by interlayered L' ) red, gray and green sandstones, siltstones and mudstones. The rocks are generally resistant and well lithified. The Foreknobs or Inwermost Catskill Formation has been descrjbed as follows by Williams and Slingerland (1986):
"After the first establishment of nonmarine conditions, the sedimentary pattern of the Irish Valley Member of the Catskill Formation (upper Foreknobs L
Formation) in the southern and central part of the study area is characterized (j' by many (about 15-20) cycles consisting of repeated alternations from marine sandstone and shale to nonmarine siltstone and silty sandstone which were o produced by repeated lateral shifting of the shoreline. The thickness of each cycle varies from 2 to about 27 m. These cycles begin with greenish gray, i fossilferous, clean, sub parallel laminates overlain by bloturbated, fine-p grained sandstone of variable thickness representing a marine transgression, k pass upward throagh a marine shoaling phase and an intertidal transitional l
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'-- ; = ," " - A :. <=.c=1:' Compled by D. M HOSKINS.1976 SAXTON Figure 3. Ocological map of the Saxton quadrangle (Pa. Geol . Survey , 1981) . phase, and finally grade into a nonmarine phase representing coastal-plain
/ aggradation (Figure 37). The marine shoaling phase of each cycle commonly L;
starts with gray green to olive-green, fossiliferous shale and silty shale I which grades upward to thin-beaded olive-green and chocolate-brown, p fossiliferous and bioturbated shaly siltstone occasionally inter oyered with thin layers of gray green, very fine-grained, fossiliferous, micro-cross-ripple-laminated sandstone. The shoreline of this marine shoaling phase is p' represented by usually thin (1-2m), olive-green, fine-grained moderately O sorted, sub parallel to flaser- and lenticular-laminated, fossiliferous, quartzitic sandstone. The transitional part of each cycle usually consists of ; interlayers of green, chocolate-brown, and red siltstone, shaly siltstone, and thin (1.5-3 m), fine grained, clean, well-sorted, quartzitic sandstone." Rocks at the eastern edge of the Saxton coal-fired facility are underlain by the Sherman Creek member of the Catskill Fm., described as 1 I follows by Slingerland and Williams (1986): v j
" Upward-fining cyclicity of fluvial origin is the common characteristic j of the other 2 members of the Catskill Formation (the Sherman Creek and l
Duncannon Members). An ideal cycle consists of a basal brownich-gray to red, l fine- to very fine grained, micaceous, crossbedded sancatone with ocJasional i I plant fragments at its base and lenses of carbonate nodules and shale chips. ! i This sandstone occupies a channel or teregular erosional surface cut into the l l 1 r)
;G underlying cycle. This sand body grades upward to red to reddish gray, very fine-grained, silty sandstone, red siltstone, and silty shale which represents l l
the levee-overbank portion of a meandering-channel facies." I I l n) Q( Red siltstone-mudstone from this unit may have been quarried locally to provide some of the fill used at the SNEC site. The minerals comprising the sandstones and shales of the Catskill Formation are quartz, illite (clay), hematite (in red units), chlorite (most abundant in gray and green units) and possibly minor feldspar. The hematite. l 1 L____________-_________________ . _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . _ . . J
l illite and chlorite would be moderately adsorptive for many dissolved heavy (~'N elements, and would tend to inhibit dispersion of radionuclides. The grains
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of sand, silt and clay are poorly sorted, the sand grains being set in a matrix of clay-sized material. As a result, permeability of these rocks is
,f- g generally low unless well fractured. Ground / Water Technology (1981) obtained
\'~) permeabilities ranging from 1x10 -3 cm/see to 6x10-5cm/sec in this bearock.
Such values are low but would allow some flow. s The rocks of the area occupy the northwest limb of the Broad Top 7 i
'N Sync 11norium. They strike about N30'E and dip 20 to 40'SE. The rocks are cut by a moderate number of fractures both parallel to and across bedding.
Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Rocks To'the east of the Saxton site, the ridge of Saxton and Terrace Mts. is held up by the Mississippian Rockwell and Pocono Formations, predominantly sandstones. Above these are sandstones and shales of the Mauch Chunk and j'~'N Pottsville Formations, and the coal-bearing Allegheny and Conemaugh Series. ( )
\~# Detritus from these units has been carried down Shoup Run and the Raystown Branch to form (along with detritus from the Catskill Fm) the unconsolidated gravels, sands and silts along the flood plain of the Raystowr; Branch, and the alluvial fan of Shoup Run. Mineralogy of these rocks and detrital materials is generally similar to the Catskill Fm.
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n-- - . _ - _ ._ _. _ Older Alluvial Deposits Along Raystown' Branch L ('N.\ Inspection of the topographic map (Figure 1) in conjunction with I \ drilling results of this investigation and that of Ground / Water Technology suggests that at some time in the past, probably in the Pleistocene, Raystown j] , Branch occupied a different position that cut across the Saxton site (see Figure 1). Durin6 and after this time, the river deposited " boulder clay" overlain by silty sandstone and local gravel. Based on logs of holes reported rm by Ground / Water Technology, about 10 f t. of this alluvium is present. The-U lower 2 to 5' feet. are sandstone boulders in a clay matrix, and the upper 5 to 8 feet are various combinations of gravel, silty sand, and sand. This material was evidently excavated, along with some bedrock, down to depths of about 15 to 20 ft. at the localities drilled in this study, where tanks for radioactive waste storage were emplaced. The deposits at the natural surface in the area of the nuclear site (i.e., hole FC-7, 10, 12) are very sandy and do not appear to have undergone v much soil development, other than accumulation of an organic-rich A horizon. MATERIALS ORIGINATING FRCH COAL-FIRED AND NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ACTIVITIES Coal During the operation of the coal-fired plarst, coal, probably miinly from ; the Broad Top Field just to the east, was stored in piles at various locations on the site. The coal of the Broad Top Field ts a relatively high-*ank L/ bitureinous coal. Based on t.he air photos of various dates, the coal was evidently dumped into piles, then picked up and moved to the coal-fired plant. Parts of the site were subsequently smoothed with a dozer, so that patches of t ( coal near the surface are probably common at the site. p b
Bottom Ash P Ng Bottom ash ana' slag are the incombustible products of coal combustion that accumulate in the firebox and must be periodically removed. Particle sizes' are _ typically a few millimeters to about 10 cm. Most of the bottom ash ( has a rounded to clinkery appearance, and is glassy on fractures, but some is O] evidently relatively unfused shaly partings and other naturally refractory materials. The ash is typically a silicate material, derived from the clay {
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and other mineral impurities in the coal.
- At least son.e bottom ash at Saxton appears on the air photos to have been temporarily stored at the NE corner of the site. Considerable areas of the site near the former coal plant have a surface layer of bottom ash, 1 evidently spread out after closure of the coal-fired plant.
Fly Ash Fly ash is the portion of ash that is small enough, in terms of particle (% size, to be entrained in the flue gas and carried away from the site of k combustion (Roy et al,1981). Fly ash particles are typically derived from the melting of mineral matter or the partial combustion of coal. In-general, 70 to 80% of the solid waste derived from combustion of coal is fly ash. Fly 1 ash is typically silt sized (2 to 62 pm) with a floury to fine granular texture, but some fly ash found at the site has a particle size of 1 mm or so. I A wide range of particle shapes and types is observed, from spherical to angular, and translucent to opaque. At modern powerplants the fly ash is generally collected from the flue gases, but evidently during operation of the Saxton Plant, this was not done,
/N because fly ash appears to cover most of the less disturbed surface in and around the Nuclear Facility, to a depth of 1 to 4 inches. The fly ash at this site is generally black and covers the surface, but in a few holes (FC-6, FC-I
/3 8. FC-9, T-2, T-3) layers of fly ash were covered with fill of various types. i Fly aan at Saxton is described in more detail in a separate report.
l 4 ___-_?__-_____-__ _ --_ Q
L f. ( SELECTION OF DR1LLSITES [].
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Holes T-1 through T-6 were selected at the sites of former tanks conLaining spent ion exchange resin or liquid radioactive wastes. The location of these holes was chosen to be within the area occupied by the A tanks, based on an earlier drawing of the site (Figure 4). The holes were drilled to bedrock with a split spoon auger, and then continued into bedrock for 0.5 to 2 feet with a diamond coring bit. ( ' METHODS OF INVESTIGATION l] Drilling Drilling was done August 8 to 11, 1988 by Lambert Drilling of Bridgeville, PA using a truck-mounted drill (Photos 1,2). The driller was John Crockett. Tne main part of the drilling was carried out with a hollow-stem auger drill equipped with a split-spoon sampler. The split spoon and bit had a [N diameter of 3 in. and a length of 24 in. Tney were driven with a 140 pound
\~'"') hammer, dropped 30 in. Blow counts for 6 in. increments are recorded in Appendix A.
An initial attempt was made to drill hole T-6 by using a rotating 5 foot split-spoon barrel and bit containing two 2 1/2 ft. clear plastic tubes in the split spoon (Photo 58,59). The intent of this procedure was to preserve a core of relatively intact material, but very poor core recover'y was obtained, A apparently because the soft dry material tended to bind on the plastic tubes and be pushed around the bit rather than through it. A second hole, designated T-6A was therefore drilled with a normal unlined split spoon 2 ft. in length.
'" Two initial 18" intervals were drilled in T-6A with good recovery, so 24" intervals were drilled thereafter. However, in some soft porous fill n- material the recovery was less than 50%. A shorter interval might be preferable in any future drilling in this soft porous material.
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L L 1 In order to minimize caving, the auger was advanced at either 4 ft. or 2 ( ~'Nr ft. ' intervals, using 5 ft. lengths of hollow stem auger. In several instances '( I
'~^'
)I some soft fill appeared to have fallen in during advance of the auger (see detailed logs in Appendix A). In future drillings of this material, the hole f'~~N should be cleaned prior to resuming advance of the split spoon, or a plug
( ) should be added to the hollow stem auger curing advance. Before each 2 ft. advance, the split spoon and bit were thoroughly f- g scrubbed in soapy water and_then rinsed in clean water to avoid contamination ID) between samples. When solid material was encountered (>40 blows to advance an inch or two), the drill was converted to a diamond core drill, with water as the drilling fluid. The bit was NX size (3 in. outside diameter). After the T-series holes were complete, a piece of plastic casing was placed in the hole to prevent caving prior to gamma logging. Unfortunately, [~\ in several holes, some caving had already occured. In future drilling of this (' type, it is recommended that the hole should be cleaned during casing insertion to provide an open hole to the bottom. Sample Handling in Field
'On removal from the hole the split spoon was opered and the half containing the sample was lyid on a sheet of Kraft paper. A color photo was taken (see Appendix B) with a label specifying the hole and footage. The ts split spoon and drill were scanned for radioactivity by GPU personnel. The f
U) recovery of sample was measured to the nearest half inch. The core was then examined by Rose and divided into different types of material, wnich were measured and described on a geologic log (Appendix A), using a handlens and ('~- other field tools as necessary. Each drill run was then wrapped in Saran wrap and transferred to a core box. [
\
l ! Mapping- , f '^g : During the period of drilling, a plane table and telescopic alidade were (N ).
"'/
used to construct a planimetric map showing the location of all drill holes. l plus buildings and fence lines in the Nuclear Site. The area within the Nuclear Site was mapped at 1"=20' (Figure 2), and a larger area at 1"=50' 7"'}
.V (Figure 5).
Gamma Logging p s .On August 12, 1988, Appalachian Coal Surveys ran a gamma log on all.six ; ('-) T-series holes (Photo 3). Results are reported in Appendix C. l Selection of Samples from T-Series Drillholes ' Based on the radioactivity recorded in the gamma logs, and the types of . 9 i material recovered by the split spoon drill, 10 samples were selected from the T-series material for gamma spectrometry at the Low Level Radiation Monitoring Laboratory (LLRHL) at Penn State. These samples are as follows: r~ x - Hole T-1, bottom half of recovery from 0-24" interval, mainly red kN I siltstone and clay. T-1, top half of recovery from 48-72" interval, mainly bottom
.i ash.
T-1, bottom half,of recovery from 48-72" interval, mainly bcttom ; ash. T-2, 24-33", mainly bottom ash.
-~ T-4, 18-24, mainly bottom ash. j
[ 24-30", meinly bottom ash.
\ T-5, ;
T-5, 48-72", mainly bottom ash. T-6A, bottom half of 36-60", mainly red clay fill. f' (, )f , T-6A, bottom half of 60-84", mainly red siltstone and clay. l T-6A, 84-108", red clay and bottom ash mixture. These samples were transferred to labeled plastic bags for transport to
/ Penn State.
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1-l Sainple Preparation at Penn State, T-Series Samples
- (N The 10 samples from the T-series holes were assigr.ed a unique PSU LLRML
\_l s
. identification number (5210-5219)' and scanned for radioactivity with a portable counter. They were then examined and described using a hand lens
(N (descriptions in Appendix D). Care was exercised throughout the entire
\v) procedure to ensure that samples were not contaminated by external sources or by other samples from Saxton.
i rs ) The samples were weighed (field moist weight), air-dried by spreading V out on a sheet of paper, and weighed again (air-dry weight, App. E) then disaggregated by gentle grinding in a ceramic mortar that was cleaned before each sample by grinding quartz sand and then rinsing with water. The disaggregated sample was then sieved through a 10 mesh sieve (2 mm). Tne sieve was cleaned before use by blowing off loose particles with a jet of filtered compressed air, and removing all particles caught in the screen. The
~/%
j sample retained on the 10 mesh sieve was placed back in the mortar and crushed
\__
until the entire sample passed 10 mesh. The -10 mesh sample was then split using a sample splitter until a portion of 150 to 200 g that approximately filled a 100 cm 3plastic cup was obtained. Tne remaining sample wat placed in a plastic bag. o I \
\
(O .)
l l GAMMA RAY SPECTh0 SCOPY ANALYSIS 1 The radioactivity in the soil samples was identified and quantified r J using high resolution high-purity germanium detectors. Three such detectors . , l having efficiencies of between 25 and 30% for 60 Co were used in this project. m A three-input Nucleus Personal Computer Analyzer was used in this work, with kj ' each detector having its own ADC and 8192 channnels of memory. The gamma energy range of each detector is from about 50 Key to 2 Mev. An extensive quality control plan is in place at the LLRML to insure 7-1 both precision and accuracy in its analytical results. This plan includes the daily counting of point sources and plotting the measured values for three . I nuclides (90Co,153Eu, and 137Cs) on control charts. This is used to insure ; that each of the three detector systems is "in control". A 15 minute background count is also collected daily and control charted. This measurement is taken to insure that the counting chambers have not become
/ contaminated. A twelve hour background count is taken weekly or when the 15 kj\
minute background count indicates that there may be a change in background. As part of its state certification program, the LLRML participates in EPA's Iraerlaboratory Comparison Progrtm in which blind cross check samples, provided by EPA's ESML-Las Vegas Laboratory, are received on a regular basis and must be successfully analyzed. l Finally, every tenth sample is analyzed in duplicate and the results of the two measurements are evaluated, along with all the other analytical results of the lab, by the LLRML technical supervisor (Jester). j For this project, the detector efficiency for soi t samples in the 100 ml beakers was determined by using two Canadian reference standards (DH-1a and ,
~
B1-4) which both have well established values for their uranium and thorium contents. Once the 214 Pb and 2H Bi in the samples reach equilibrium with the radon-222 these gamma-emitting radionuclides and several other gamma emitters I (
\
in the uranium and thorium series are used to determine the detector _ _ _ . ._____ _ _____________ _ d
l efficiency for this geometry. The resulting efficiency varies as a function of photon energy from a maximum efficiency of about 1.8x10 -2 counts per ip)
\ "/~
disintegration at 300 key down to about 4x10
-3 counts per disintegration near 2 mev. It is this detector efficiency "E" which is used in the calculation I
f-~ procedures given in Appendix "F". Also given in this appendix is the equation used to determine the , statistical counting error, which results from the procedures used to determine the net peak area used in the radioisotopic analysis. The standard l
!g) (
V deviation results from the statistical uncertainty of the net area of the i gamma peaks in both the sample and the background and the uncertainty ' resulting from the establishment of the baseline for the peak in both the ! 1 sample and the backgeound. The minimum detectable concentration equation given in Appendix "F" is based on recommended procedures developed to avoid both'the reporting of false positives and not reporting true positives. I (N- The ten "T" series samples were dried, sieved, and then weighed into ; r
' ) tared 100 m1 standard counting containers, as described previously. Each ;
i sample was counted for 12 hours with one of the three detector systems. A i I number of gamma lines were seen, most of which were associated with the ] uranLum and therium decay chains. The 212 Pb of the thorium series was chosen ) as the representative of this series and its concentration is called 232 Th in , i this report. Since in the Ssxton samples the 2l# Pb and 214 B1 are not in J
,I] equilibrium with radon-222, the next best radionuclides in the uranium decay V !
chain, namely 226 Ra, was chosen to represent this series in the reported ; results. The major naturally occurring radionuclice found in these soil ) [G samples was O K and is reported. Two man made radionuclides were detected in these samples, namely the long lived fission product 137 Cs and the neutron I i 60 Co. activation product l l (3 v i
)
DISCUSSION OF SURFICIAL AND BEDROCK GEOLOGY rw Figures 6 to 12 summarize the results of drilling in the six T-Series
'k ' j i
holes of this pro)ect and the seven B-Series holes drilled in 1981 by Ground Water Technology. Figure 20 illustrates possible relations between some of jq these holes.
\ )
U The B-Series holes (Figures 13 to 19) indicate that red to gray ! l siltstone and sandstone bedrock is encountered at depths of 8 to 12 ft near j the Radwaste Building, and at hole B-3 about 50 ft, north of the containment p) structure. Farther west at hole B-5, 60 ft. wsw of the containment structure,
)
l l the bedrock is much deeper, about 22 ft., suggesting a deeper channel cut into i bedrock by the former Raystown Branch or possibly foundation excavation for ] I the coal-fired plant, though the description in the log seems to fit the first I interpretation better. The bedrock in B-5 is gray sandstone, whereas that in ; I other holes is predominantly red siltstone. Bedrock is at about 10 ft. in i 1 ['
\
hole B-1 located about 500 ft. east of the containment. Bedrock consisting of red, green and gray siltstone and sandstone was i drilled in holes T-1 through T-6, and was reached but not drilled in T-6A. -] l Pictures of these diamond drill cores are shown in photos 48 and 57 (Appendix j i B). Except in the top 1" or so, the rock is too hard to be drilled with the ] i split spoon auger. In most holes, some core was recovered as small pieces j 1 le3s than an inch in size, indicating the degree of fracturing in the rock.
/~N Overlying the bedrock in most holes is a layer of boulder clay extending
\
to within 3 to 6 feet of the surface. This material appears to consist of
' rounded sandstone boulders set in red clay, and appears to represent a former river channel lined with boulders. The interstices then became largely filled v l with clay.
The near surface layer in most B-series holes is a mixture of red silty 1 ("] sand and gravel, apparently representing deposits of flood stage adjacent to a ,
"Y river channel near its present position. !
l l l l c __ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ j
f I 5 ,l '- r_ f (? h i o '
- 4 Figure 6, .
bl.XTOS PMUJLC1 t c: ,
- DRILI.HOII NO. T-3 Total depth'(f t.): 20.0 -
Diamond core drilling,:19.5-20.0.
~
- ( Radionuclides ( n pa
- E w u n nb . [ Gauuna Log (cts /s) k
[ [6
~
- g
'o' *O 50 ' 100 Geologie L' nit fy Red siltstone fragmer.ts, minor ash u g M .,
1.4 2.9 20.3 0.05' 5.4 '7 8 A. hm 4 m h rd em - y 4 0 3 4 A* F 75 , L 3 4 2 0
\
2 A 2.3 '4.0'1%.3 n.06 2.8 5 I o 75 2.3 4.0 B.7 0.05-..' 2.1 2 o a 1 _- Red clay with local fragments 1 .Aa of bottom ash and red siltstone 2 . 4 4", 73 " 2 - 2 3, 2 -
~
s [ T= 10 2 4 "0 . 25 : ~_: 2 6 I i, 2
~0 50 f. 3 ,,
1 1 A-
- 15
~b 75 2 ,
~~
D 1 4_~, I 50, , 56 3 ' i 2 g '. 2 ~~ 67 25 % Crushed stone and asphalt c_;. Bedrock: red siltstone O 100 o f t. Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed. l-
f
./
~
E Figure 6A._. , Legend for Figures 4 through 17. j:.-
.: . p .t . .
Ow 3:14.n": Fly ash
.., B%* Crushea 11mestone 8Ed Red'siltstone/ sandstone fragments'
~ A aA Fill - Bottom ash DE Fill - Red clay with siltstone fragments
** Sand, silt and gra' vel o Boulder clay Concrete or asphalt FS*- Siltstone and sandstone bedrock
Tigure 7. l SAXTON PROJECT DRILI.h017t NO. T-2 l Total' depth (ft.): 2I*' Diamond core drilling: 20.9-21.4 f t . f Radionuclides (nmM ,
- ~
e u u y lll E 4 E O Gams Log (cts /s) E*
; y 7 ,C' 2 2o $o 300 Geologic t) nit
' 98 h-Crushed 71y ash stone 4 .
5 a Bottom ash 5 4 92 7 4, 3 4 l .' . 3 3.7 9.1 -- 0.6 # 5 g... 5 --
~
Red clay with fragments of ash and B8 l 5 a' B tt m ash siltstone 2 4 j 3 Id5 5 Red clay with fragments of
~
j 2 0 bottom ash and red siltstone 67 [ 3 "- 9.'
) 2 h~
1 4-2 3
~0 63 .,
1 6 2
/ 3 Y 2 -
94 - 4 _- 10
.5 _
.5 ._
1 3 c 3 -_- 0 0 1 -C 2 3_. 83 2 ,~-
- a-1 _- -
1
-4y 15 1
67 4..
.5 -
.5 ~
6 2 _- 71 2 13 ~~ 0 1
- d' I g _.
1 2 a~ 83 _-- 20 8 ' .i t . u, I 100 50 h Bedrock: Red and green ri7trtone-fondstore Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed.
l:
. Figure 8.
\ SAXTON FROJECT DR11.LHOLE NO. T-3 Total depth (ft.): 18.1 Diamond core drilling:17.1-18.1 f t, 0 f o
i G Radionuclides w4 m w d' $ U E w s-
# E E
O Cosma Log (cts /s) E 2o 50 100
- Geologic Unit _
8 _ Crushed stone g,. Fly ash and bottom ash 2
.3
- ' ' :S-79
( . 3 4. I .~ 3 . . a, 3 h. . 73 3 +6 3 A, 2
. D. . 5 88 2 'A:
2
- b.
3 f.,; . l : 2 .& 2 h?
$_ Red clay with rock f ragments B tt m ash 6
2 4 2 [10A8Ph alt and crushed limestone 42 l;T1:1
,A Red clay with siltstone fragments.
f .A. one rounded pebble 1
67 2 . ,
.5 A
.5 3, 1
1 -e 25 - -.
} 3 s~.
.5 -
~=4- 15 2
75 k 3 $~, ~ 4 - 100' I3 , Bedrock: Red siltstone and sand' stone 0 ~ ~_
=
S3 t. Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed.
l' Figure 9, e L\ SAXTON TROJECT I '. DRILLHOII NO. T-4 Total depth (f t.):16.5 Diamond core drilling:14.7-16.5 f t.
./
Radionnelides fce4 ip {. ~ s ::: w e *- c w Comma Log (cts /s) E a " Q @ E. # 9 2 0 50 100 Geologic Unit
'2 M. Fly ash and cleaning grit 4
~20 Red clay-75 5,E .
1.7 4.5 6.9 0.07 11.8 3 4 , Bottom ash and coal A 3 - Red clay 2 75 3, O Bottom ash
- 5 I 4 o 83 1 :,: Red clay I # Water level g a Bottom ash with some red clay' matrix 0
j *. o 29 3 b . 0 -b 0 g, I 2 ~. Red cisy with siltstone fragments L 2 ,_A 71 -- 10 f 1 A-
-- e.
g 79 0 .-
.- g=
3 . 3' 8 . Crushed stone and sand 2 75 2 iT _ Red clay with siltstone fragments 143 1 ~( ~ 26 15 Concrete with rebars Ej. Bedrock: Red and green siltstone 79 52E u8
- 20 ft.
Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed.
-- 2 7-
.7 Figure 10.
- SAITON PROJECT DR11U10LE NO. T-5 Total depth (f t.): 15.6 Diamond core drilling: 14.6-15.6 ft.
'Redionuelfdes % m M l
g {c w w ~- g M $ o $ 0 Camma tog (cts /s) I i Q @E 8 2 20 50 100 Ge'o logic Unit . 2 '*S'. Fly ash and sandblasting grit 7 _ Sandy clay 4 B tt m ash 79 , 34 2.8 6.0 15.2 (0.03)1.2 g ,o
-=, -
5 4 0 Red Clay
.3.=3 .
4 AA . 3 Bottom ash 7 5 7 A
.33 1.6 3.6 5.3 0.06 1.1 5 4 '
2 2
=6 Red clay s.
2 -A 4 4- Bottom ash and red siltstone 50 J .
#~ Bottom ash and subordinate red siltstone "3
.D g-=
( ~ 38 2 _a M40
., Red sandy clay with minor bottom ash
_3 2 -! E l 2 o B tt m ash Red clay 3 25 -o. 30, , 2 _ 100 hencreteRed and gray siltstone and
, a Ledrock:
J sandstone (
- 20
.ft.
Camma r. spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed.
._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i
h1 1 L g
.d FiEure 11. - SAXTON PROJECT total depth (ft.):
.0 Diamond core drilling: 15.0-19.0 E Radionuclides (ne4 fci .,
^ u u e ~
l g y . E' e comma Log (cts /s) *I
; y~g - 3 0 p p0 50 '100 Geolcgic Unit 3
- b. Dominantly bottom ash b
b. A 17% #< 4 4 d '-. 4 4
- 4 4- Bottom ash with some red clay
~b.
23 7" Red clay, soft
. a.
b.
.- Water level h~ *
\
a- Aed clay with sparse bottom ash
,3 10
-A Red clay, soft, with fragments'of A* ,
red siltstone and sandstone at top d Si A* , g l a .-
.A b"
.~ A
! O 0 --
.p2. 'Broken
~ . ,red and green siltstone and shale l E-3 E.
_=- m_ 35 v5,
.=-?
- ::~
r-C m-t
= 20
,ft.
Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed.
I l r. k . Figure 12. sm0xmJm Total depth (ft.)2 j
'/lanond core drilling NO"' '
! -f 7 r
- Radionuclides 4mg .,
- l u u ..
d-Z $ 0 Canma 1.og (cts /s) E .l l~ q p l p," 9 20 50 100 un" G'01031C I) nit - ' -
",, Cleaning grit s- .5 4-
[( 16 -/. AE Fragments of red 911tstone I 75 13 g ia 1 . 83 7ga,1,_ Bottom ash 5 Q." Ped siltstone/ clay with bottom ash
- a. Bottom ash and coal i
'l 3 Ab l 4; 2.0 4.4 11.5 (0.04)3.9 2.16 1 a- l 2'.', Red clay and siltstone 3
25 2.0 3.1 14.9 -' 1. '1 2 [4 .k j 1 6 1 6 Bottom ash and coal 1 0' l k 13 2.1 4.8 13.7 (0.0212.3 1 o .I 2 4-2 .A j
- - 10 Red clay with siltstone f ragments l 2 A. 1
;$~ [ 2 ~A 3 A-4 I 3 . A.
5 A-46 . 4
=
A 2 A* 2 4 , 3 1* 30 4 .A- 15 2 5 a~
-'0D 45 -4
- Bedrock surface
./ .
20
, 1st.
Gamma spectrometric analyses were conducted only for sample intervals where data are listed. i
ff ' . iq , - 1 T Figure.13. g sur0s rRoJter DRILLH01I No. B~I' Total depth (ft.): 49.5 Diamond core drilling: $ n - 40,5 7 - 5-( 8 2
.-G Geologic Unit 7 N~
7;IA L3 Red silty sand and clay fl;. 31 ~A_4 i j
' [. r 60% 36 3.M.', Fly ash 8 _ .
'2 F#
, , , Red sandy silt and cisy
!4 #~
70 19 "" e O 100' 6 00 ~o ' Sandstone' boulders
- 5 with silty' clay o between boulders o.
-O
., O ,,'
o o
"o 12 -o
\ C~~ 10 Red and gray siltstone i.Y. -i 0 37*
u;
- :.7 m+
C~P Ci d15 100 l' LOO
=
20 g - . f t. To 49.5 f t. This log was compiled f rom report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available. L 3
,t , g i
( p-u A , [. : Figure 14.
,six7pg pgoyggy
~
DRILLHOLE NO. i
. . . 25.0 Total depth (f t.)*
[ Diamond core drillingt 6.5-25.0 i y
- / g "
2 E .- Q Geologie Unit o < 27 h- Top moil 100% a, s Silty sand, reddish brown, and
^
19 -4 angular gravel 67 34 - A-38 . '.a 63 f>5 4,f 48
'd 50 I3 '
4.' a 25 ,4 '- 63 j E>8 - 4E 7 0, 95 h Boulder g]Redsilt, angular gravel D. Boulde.s of sandstone 0 0 70 e 40 o'
~
.k 10 Highly weathered siltstone
. :.7 bedrock
. __i 1,, p_+. Red siltstone :nd sandstone
~..:-
2 C. :.
- -24
.E_3 100 C=.:
iZ- 4 15
~.:
f* ( . Y. 20 . T 25.0 w < f t. This log was compiled from report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available.
t
;g .i.:
s
,\.
1;'
. Figure 13. f.AXTON !*0 JECT
' DRILLHO;.I NO. - IW3 Total depth (ft.)f_ 50.5 Diasund core drillings 3.5-50.5. -
bw o - 2 E. q
- Geologie Unit - - -
'~
4p,j Fly ash, bottoto ash, sand, gravel,' coal 100* 13 : aJ y Q ~ Yellow-brown clay, coal at base' 65 u _ 29 ' b' '** *E*Y' S'***A
***0I* I**
67 47 ~.5
- - Coal
'0" 48 dr.1 - Tan sand; clay,; gravel O .
!' Sandstone boulders.
O l
,- 5-lov o.
- O O'. ,-
Il 0 0 . O o '- , O
~ ,
j
- 10 Red and gray siltstone bedrock .
40
?
, ym L
- 15
=
96
. P .
20 To 50.5 ft. A f:. This log was compiled from report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available.
f' < I. , P. , V;.
/
Figure 16 ;- - SAXION. PROJECT B DRILLHOLE NO. 6.5 Total depth (ft.)* ' Diamond core drillingt
. 26.5 9' w
'f. F.
- E q '-
Geologic Unit-
~
4 ?? ,, g3 y m,',h_ Black organic' soil and fly ash . 17 II 75 Red' silty fine sand 19 . 79 19 ., gg:::: 30 * '
. Boulders with minor clay 0-D
-- 5
..h O.
i o, O-O O_
.o O*
__F.T_ , Red siltstone bedrock
=..
* + 5_
hZf 10
- ~.:. "
.~.:,:"
C r:.
. .?
I. 95
- ,.,; 15 L 'u j y' t
T l .
= 20 v To 26.5
'ft.
This log was coupiled . from report of Ground Water Technology (1981).
~
"No radiometric data is available.
4 l 9 l
- r. . _ _ . _ . _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . . .. i
U' r 7 [ Figure 17. nrros PROXCT
)\
5-5 DRIl.LHOLI NO ~ Total' depth-(f1.): 50.4 Diamond core drilling: 7. 5-50.4 . .. [ c g 5 i i q Geologic Unit' Concrete 6 j.t s' Fly ash 40 3 g,-
- 6 .
4 4 Red bilty sand d th some 60-
. angolor gravel' 40 4
- 4*
5 3 ge t, 40 * . 5 6 A,- 50 53 .a . Boulder
., o g _
56 4 ', . Tine sand and gravel 50 62 h_ O ~~. Boulders with clayey sand 0 between boulders O 7' ~
- o. 10
.O o.
0 o. O o-Q~ Gray silty sandstone, boulders 0 0- 1 0" *Y **"d** "* b*"ld*** (said to be fill for foundation G. of coal-fired plant). 0, 0 t .
.r ' o 0- 20 Gray sandstone bedrock at
,gg, 22.1 ft.
This log was compiled from report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available. L___.___=______---______________,.
~ '-
g c, i p< TigureI18; '5 Art 0N PROJECT O Total' depth (ft.)1 t Diamond core drillings _None - F e
,g' 5 g 't
~/ Q -* Geologic Unit 3 .,"
4, Blackflyash(?) > LJ. 7 .e. 45 7
- 3. I'*
4 <t 3 45
# *b 3: J, '
3 - s ? 5 g
;+"
- 15 2 '.,
1-
- 1 ,
i, 10- 1 , 2 7~ d* . Red sandy silt with sope 3 ' sand and gravel 15 4= 10 2 e 3 . B .A 50 15 , 00 f2 *
.5 . Bedrock
- 15 O :
- 20 ft.
This log was compiled from report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available.
; Q_ q L, ' C,[ 3 L,
Figure 19. s m os rnox cr' i s DRILLH01I NO. ' Total depth (f t.): 9 Diamond core drilling: .5-9.4 E
\
E 1 i E-
~Q Geologic Unit 5
' ,/ Fly ash, red fill, concrete. red siltstone
( 10x 20 31 g.g
-( -
t7 - ha'
?$ ..
,, Silt, clay, sand,' minor fine gravel
' :2 F 60 6 .
i w SO *$ O- 5'
- O sandstone boulders with o, interstitial clay.
O O. 0 0a 40 0 h,$5 Bedrock
- 10
- 15
~ 20 ft.
This log was compiled from report of Ground Water Technology (1981). No radiometric data is available. 1
j!II l s Y'_ O 6 c F l_ t f 0 L _. 2 7- _ O BI
\
t n o x a
' . S e
h t ( O t _
/ a n /
2 n l s _ T- Y 2 i s j_ = i a _ r
\g e t
1 a _ m l i e a r i v c _ o a i r a 'c f k r
) d r c u 3-B d n
e *'u d o r e h s l' f s ( n a a e o B v _ a B y oy s s ml a r a _ O 5 n
- oc gl o _
C 't c i F " t d d r k t _ oe n e c a . BR a d o l . -
- dl r es 1 l nud re i
/ 1 1 i l
aoe l 4 FF SBB d o T- '"i fr,~* 5Y: e gQ eh rl rl ei f r 5 nd _ i a ,.,fJ T- . go n A n n 6- n ._ id we - T ;:4M- os _ h a sb ._ 1 1 \ n , _ oe - O - it t i cS e sr
- a s e f sl oc y
_ r u - CN - O 5
/ =$" * .
B i t t *,*e 0 -
- A) 2 e -
r u . Xi g i F _ O . 4*
None of.these layers of unconsolidated material are recognizable in the f3 T-Series holes, which were drilled in the former locations of spent resin and liquid waste tanks. At these sites, the unconsolidated material and upper bedrock had been excavated to a depth of 15 to 20 ft. At T-1, T-4 and T-5, a
/ concrete or asphalt pad was encountered just above bedrock. These pads may A]_,)
have been used to support the tanks, or may have been an extension of the pad under the containment building. i r's The excavations for the tanks were then filled mainly with crushed red siltstone-mudstone, probably quarried on the east side of the site. This material is now degraded to clay containing 5 to 10% of angular red siltstone fragments, and occasionally also sandstone chips (Photos 45, 60, 67, 69). Minor bottom ash is also locally included in this fill (Photo 54). On removal of the spent resin and liquid waste tanks in 1972-74, the resulting depressions were apparently filled largely by bottom ash (Photos 31, l \ l 41, 42, 51, 53, 63) mixed with varying amounts of red clay fill excavated from
%d above the tanks, as indicated by the consistent dominance of bottom ash in the upper parts of the T-Series drillholes.
The surface layer at most holes is fly ash (Photos 40, 49, 61.), locally covered with clay or crushed stone brought in or redistributed during cleanup operations. It appears that an appreciable amount of this fly ash must have accumulated either in the period 1972-1974, after tank removal and before o final closure of the coal fired plant, or was transported from adjacent areas by wind action, which is likely in view of its fine grain size. The physical properties of these units may be inferred from the blow counts plus observations of their porosity and coherence. The bedrock is relatively strong, as indicated by the fact that it cannot be appreciably penetrated by the auger. It is typically well fractured. p The red clay fill is relatively soft (1 to 4 blows per 6 in.) and ; ( generally appears to have low porosity and permeability except where it
L consists dominantly of red siltstone fragments without a clay matrix. It is
/ usually damp and plastic, and relatively coherent.
\ )
Boulder clay was not observed in this study. The boulders are clearly very hard, and must have sizes of a few inches to a foot or more. The Ground 7- . Water Technology report suggests that this material is impermeable, though no data is given to support this. If clay-comple.tely fills the interstices of the boulders, it is likely impermeable, but possibly some zones are A incompletely filled. The zones of fill by bottom ash are extremely soft (blow count 1 to 5. j except near the surface where values of 6 to 8 are normal). This material is extremely porous and very poorly sorted. Maximum particle sizes are at least 2", but probably larger since the size of the drill bit limits the size of recovered samples. RADIOACTIVITY CF T-SERIES HOLES p The main source of data on radioactivity is the gamma logging conducted by Appalachian Coal Surveys (Appendix C). These logs evaluate moderate and high energy gamma emission from the material surrounding the hole. The most intense anomalies were found in holes T-6A (150 c/s at 7.0 ft), T-6 (130 c/s at 7.2 ft) and T-5 (100 c/s at 4.7 ft). Weaker anomalies are found in T-1 (50 c/s at 1 and 4.5 ft) and T-4 (50 c/s at 2.0 ft). The anomalies in T-6A and T-6 clearly exceed the upper limit of about 100 c/s that can be caused by some clays and shales, as observed by Appalachian Coal Surveys. The red clay and the bottom ash in the holes generally range between 20 and 40 c/s. Any value greater than 40 c/s Deems likely to be caused by radionuclides from the nuclear power station or atmospheric fallout (from weapons tests) that later
-N.O]
became buried during backfilling. Another source of data on radioactivity is furnished by the field Geiger i f^ Counter scans of the core by the Health Physics Staff of GPU Nuclear, and by j scintillometer scans by Rose and Greeman of Penn State. None of these was
l > clearly higher than background,'though a few appear to have been on the high tT sioe of the background range.
\ ).
U The 10 samples from T-series holes analyzed by gamma spectrometry were collected to evaluate sources of the gamma anomalies in the holes. Samples es 5210. (T-1,12 to 24 in. ), 5211 (T-1, 48-60in.), 5214 (T-4, 18-24 in.), 5216 k ), (T-5, 48-72 in. ), 5218 (T-6A, 60-84 in.) and 5219 (T6A, 84-108 in. ) were collected from zones that were anomalous in the gamma logs (Figures 6 to 12).
<<w The remainder were collected as apparent background samples of bottom ash similar to the anomalous zones in lithologic character but with low radioactivity on the garrata logs.
Five main radionuclides were detected: 40g, 226Ha, 232Th, 137Cs, and 60 ,. 232Th and 226 aa are clearly natural Og. Co (Table 1). Of these, radioactivity present in the materials, 137.Cs is a fission product, and 60 Co is a neutron activation product. Nine of the 10 samples contain Cs exceeding 1 pC1/g (Table 1 and 2.), z' and many contain detectable Co. There are only two reasonable sources of the Cs; it is either derived from the SNEC operations or from atmospheric fallout from weapons tests. An upper limit for fallout may be estimated from the Cs in the surface horizons of FC-series drillholes outside the SNEC 3 Fence. None of these exceeds 1 pC1/g of Cs. In the deeper horizcns (generally 1 to 2 ft.), none of the FC-series samples exceed 0.1 pCi/g. (T Therefore, the 137 Cs values in the 9 samples of the T-series are very unlikely ( , to have originated as fallout. The reactor origin is much more likely. Tne exact mechanism by which the 137 Cs was emplaced in the 10 samples is [D
\ )
unclear. The values could arise by the intentional or unintentional burial of 137 Cs-contaminated fly ash like that analyzed from the surface at FC-1 (7.6 pC1/g), FC-5 (25.9 pCi/g), and FC-6 (4.0 pC1/g), or by leakage from the spent
/
'N resin and waste liquid tanks. The data suggest that a considerable fraction of the fill, in the fortcer tank sites, especially the bottom ash analyzed in j
l I Table 1. Samme Spiu w,stric Analyses of Samples frem T-Series Drillholes ! [ PSU' Loostion - Depth (in.) Nuclide Danoentration . 1-Sigma Error l ~ MDC(1) Number -or Description ----------- pCi/ gram -------------- ) l 5210 T-1 0 to 24 K-40 10.3 - 0.3 0.5 ' O' Bottom Half 00-60 Os-137 0.05 5.38-0.01 0.04 0.04-0.05 : Re-226 2.9 - 0.4 1.4 Th-232 1.40 0.03 0.09 5211 T-1 48 to 72 K 15.3 0.4 . 0.8 Top Half 00-60 0.06 0.01- 0.03 ; Cs-137 2.78 0.04 ' O.06 i Re-226 4.0 . 0.5 1.8 i Th-232 2.34 0.05- 0.12 l l 5212 T-1 48 to 72 K-40 8.7 0.3 0.7 Bottom Half 00-60 0.06 0.01 0.04 Cs-137 2.10 0.03 0.05 ; Re-226 4.0 0.5 1.7 ! Th-232 2.28. 0.05 0.12 ! O 5213 T-2 24 to 33 K-40 00-60 Os-137 9.1 0.64 0.3 Not Detected 0.02 0.7 0.06 Re-226 ' 3.7 0.5 1.9 Th-232 .2.35 0.05 0.13 5214 T-4 18 to 24 K-40 6.6 0.4 1.0 00-60 0.07 0.02 0.06 Cs- 137 11.50 0.09 0.06-Ra-226 3.8 0.6 2.0 Th-232 1.74 0.05 0.13 5214 T-4 18 to 24 K-40 7.2 0.4 1.0 O Recount 00-60 Os-137 Ra-226 0.08 12.03 5.1 0.02 0.09 0.6 0.05 0.07 2.0 Th-232 1.71 0.05 0.14
, 5215 T-5 2410~30 K-40 15.2 0.4 0.9 4 00-60 0.03 0.01 0.04 I Cs-137 1.25 0.03 0.06 1 Re-226 6.0 0.5 1.8 Th-232 2.76 0.05 0.12 O I I
1 Table 1. Gemme Spectrometric Analyses of Samples from T-Series Drillholes (continued) PSU _ Location Depth (in.) Nuclide Concentration 1-Sigma Error MDC(1) Number or Description - - --------- pCi / rem -------------- 5216' T-5 48 to 72 K-40 5.3 0.3 0.7 Co-60 0.06 0.01 0.04 Cs-137 1.14 0.03 0.05 Re-226 3.6 0.5 1.7 Th-232 1.61 0.04- 0.12 5217 T-6A 36 to 60 K-40 11.6 0.3 0.6 Bottom Helf C0-60 0.04 0.01 0.04-Os-137 3.93 0.04 0.05 Re-226 4.4 0.4 1.4 Th-232 2.01 0.04 0.10 5218 T-6A 60 to 84 K-40 14.9 0.3 0.5 Bottom Half Co-60 Not Detected Cs-137 1.05 0.02 0.04 Re-226 3.1 0.3 1.1 Th-232 2.01 0.03 0.00 5219 T-6A 84 to 108 K-40 13.7 0.4 0.7 C0-60 0.02 0.01 0.03 Cs-137 2.33 0.03 0.05 Re-226 4.8 0.4 1.5 Th-232 2.14 0.04 0.09 ( 1) Minimum Detectable Concentration O O O
. .ineu...mu I
this project, may be slightly contaminated. i e'~s However, the contamination level is not very high, especialJy when ( )
~# compared to natural activity in the materials. The contribution of 137Cs to the total measured gamma activity of the 10 samples is always less than 50%, l . f- g _ and is generally in the range of 5 to 12% (Table 2). The true proportion is !
('") ; even smaller, considering that not all of the detected gamma-emitting !
'l radioactive. daughters of 233 U and 232Th are reported in Table 2. , -y For most samples, high 137 Cs in the sample does not correlate with high j \j- values on the gamma log at the interval where they were collected (Table 2).
I Only in samples 5214 (T-4) and 5210 (T-1.) do high Cs values coincide with high values in the gamma logs. Thus the elevated radioactivity on the gamma I logs is not directly explainable by the material cut in the drillholes. , At least three possible explanations can be envisioned for the high values on the gamma logs: l jN 1. There may be more highly radioactive soil or fly ash occurring as i
- small lenses or pockets within the fill, but not encountered by the ,
l drillholes.
- 2. Stubs of pipes that originally led from the containment to the spent i resin tanks may project toward the drillholes; these pipes might contain ]
radioactive material. 3 The gamma anomalies in the logs may be derived from highly radioactive components in the nearby containment structure. 7-i ' The third explanation seems the least likely since the sharp peaks produced in the well logs are most readily explained by a source of radiation near the dri.11 hole. Some mechanism of radiation streaming or shielding would I7~, ) s- - be necessary to account for the relatively sharp peaks if the source is in the reactor. 1 l 1
/'
(_T) 1 1 1 l
i g Table 2. Summary of 137 Cs Data from Gamma Spectrometry and Gamma Logging
%)
Sample 37 37 Location Gamma Log Total Activity. Cs Activity Cs/ Total 5210 T1, 12-24 45 C/S 20.0 pC1/g 5.4 pC1/g 27% 5211 T1, 48-60 45 24.4 2.8 11 5212 T1, 60-72 30 17.1 2.1 12 5213 T2, 24-33 33 15.7 0.6 4 i 5214 T4, 18-24 50 24.9 11.8 47 5215' T5, 24-30 35 25.2 1.2 5 5216 T5, 48-72 100 11.6 1.1 9 5217 T6A, 48-60 50 21.8 39 18 5218 T6A, 72-84 80 21.1 1.1 5 5219 T6A, 84-108 80 22.9 2.3 10 j
- Sum of activities of the 5 nuclides O
O O O
HYDROLOGY
,- x Though no specific effort was made to obtain information on ground water
$ h l '- ' flow, several observations contribute to an eventual understanding of this topic.
,-~s The bottom ash fill is clearly highly porous and permeable. The bottom l 's
\
' ') . ash in the drilled zones, interpreted as infil,ls of the volumes left by tank removal, probably do not form a connected aquifer over more than about 10-30
,s ft., but if there are other zones (trenches, etc.) that were back filled with A bottom ash, then these might be major flow paths.
The red clay fill generally appears relatively impermeable, though its softness (small blow counts) indicates either some porosity or a very soft plastic character. Since the red clay occupies the lower part of the tank excavations, the vertical and lateral flow of water through the tank sites is probably minimal in this depth range. fN s The boulder clay zone is implied by the Ground Water Technology report
! )
to be relatively impermeable, although no permeability measurements were made.
If the interstices of the boulders are completely occupied by clay, thit inference is probably correct. Verification of the permeability of the boulder clay is crucial to understanding of ground water flow in the area. The top few feet of unconsolidated material at the site appears to be silty sand, pebbly sand and locally gravel. The Ground Water Technology report suggests that this material is fill, but our observations in the FC-(~'
\
series holes indicate that much of this material is natural. It appears likely to be relatively permeable. f- . The water level observed after drilling and after influx of drilling ('- water from the diamond drill was at a depth of 4 to 8.5 feet. In several holes, the change from dry to wet samples was observed in this same range, 7s before any water was used for drilling. The period of drilling fell near the i end of the most extreme drought in the century. A likely interpretation of
.)
I l I this data is that the observed water at 4 to 8.5 ft. is perched on top of the
)
(N boulder clay and is flowing off through the base of the sand and gravel of the k" - I surficial layer, or'through permeable drainage trenches and the like cut ' < through the top of the boulder clay. A small part of the water probably flows
,m ' downward through the boulder clay. In this regard, any " defects" in the ! \ 1 boulder clay are important. These include unplugged drillholes such as the T-series, and any permeability via the fill of various excavations for the j fm buildings and the tanks. The extent of this permeability is unknown. If- 1 I \ i dispersion of contaminants becomes a concern, the extent of leakage through the boulder clay should be determined.
CONCLUSIONS
- 1. The natural depth to bedrock is 8 to 12 feet in the main part of the 5
Nuclear Facility, apparently deepening off its west edge to 22 ft. where the coal-fired plant was located. The bedrock is composed of interlayered red and i
/N green siltstone and subordinate sandstone, with increased sandstone on the j \ ) west. The bedrock has low but measurable permeability, probably mostly along fractures. The sites of the spent resin and waste liquid tanks were excavated i to 15 to 20 ft. The sites of the Radwaste and other buildings were also excavated into bedrock.
- 2. Originally a layer of boulder clay, probably of low permeability, overlay l bedrock, extending to within 3 to 6 feet of the surface. This material is probably relatively impermeable. A layer of silt, sand and fine gravel l V
overlay the boulder clay. This material was excavated at the sites of the ; I tanks and buildings. I I 7% 3 The spent resin and waste liquid tanks were backfilled at the time of l t \ 1
%*/ emplacement with red clay containing sparse siltstone and bottom ash fragments. This clay is very soft and probably impermeable. After removal of ,o the tanks, the resulting depressions were filled witn the red clay fill plus
- 1) ' additional bottom ash. The bottom ash is very soft and probably very
____-___-_-_a
e; I permeable.
, ~~N . 4. A layer of fly ash is present at most localities that have not been
~
disturbed by traffic or digging in the past few years. This fly ash appears to cover the former sites of the tanks, suggesting that considerable ash f~^g either was blown into the area or accumulated in the year or so that the coal () - plant operated after tank removal.
- 5. The water table was at a depth of 5 to 8.5 ft. at the time of drilling, 7] which was a very dry period. The water table may be perched on top of the 3
boulder clay, flowing out in the basal zone of the sandy silt and gravel layer and in filled trenches that contain bottom ash and similar materials. A smaller amount of flow may leak through the boulder clay into bedrock.
- 6. Gamma spectrometric analyses of 10 samples from the sites of the tanks indicate that much of the fill in these sites is slightly contaminated with 37 Cs, a fission product probably derived from the nuclear activities. The O
activity of fission products ( Cs and Co) is generally 10% or less of the activity of natural radioactivity from O g, 232Th and 238 U and their daughters.
- 7. Gamma logs of the 6 holes show distinct peaks in holes T-5, T-6, and T-6A.
Possible causes for these peaks are local lenses of more radioactive material in the backfill, unremoved radioactive pipes that connected the tanks with the containment, or possibly radiation from the reactor modulated by absorbers, f nv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ll b The gamma spectrometry and sample preparation were ably carried out by 1 Bonnie C. Ford nnd Daniel J. Greeman. Linda Miller aided greatly in typing of the report and appendices. t 1
)- REFERENCES l Climatic Atlas of the United States, 1968, U. S. Environmental Data Service.
~
I f-( .('- National Oceanic Environmental Data Service, 1987, climatological Data:
- 1. .
I and Atmospheric Admin., Asheville, N.C. f-Ground / Water Technology,1981, Preliminary Hydrogeological Investigation, t' k Saxton Nuclear Experimental Station, Saxton, Pennsylvania: Report to l 1 GPU Nuclear, 44 pp. Pennsylvania Geological Survey, 1981, Atlas of preliminary geologic ; l
/
I quadrangle maps of Pennsylvania: PA Geol. Survey Map 61. Roy, W. R., Thiery, R. G., Schuller, R. M. and Suloway, J. J., 1981, Coal fly ash: A review of the literature and proposed classification l 1 system with emphasis on environmental impacts: Illinois Geological Survey, Environmental Geology Notes 96, 69 p. Williams, E. G. and S11ngerland, R. L., 1986, Catskill sedimentation in p, central Pennsylvania: in Guidebook 51st Annual Field Conference of f . b Pennsylvania Geologists, p.73-79. l 1 a j O x
)
A.
! l II, c
II,. f b! 5
^I" J@ .
m i m @ APPENDIX A GEOLOGIC AND TECHNICAL LOGS OF. DRILLHOLES T-1 TO T-6A O
Drill Hole T-1 Drilled 8/10/88 Location: In the area from which a liquid waste storage tank was removed. Blow Counts and Recovery 0 - 1/2 ft 14 blows 1/2 - 1 12 14" (58%) recovery O-1-1 1/2 8 1 1/2 - 2 7
.2 - 2 1/2 4 2 1/2 3 18" (75%)
3-31/2 4 O- 3 1/2 - 4 3 4 - 4 1/2 2 4 1/2 - 5 2 18" (75%) 5 - 5'1/2 1 5 1/2 - 6 2 1 6 - 6 1/2 1 6 1/2 - 7 1 17" (73%) 7 - 7 1/2 2 7'1/2 - 8 4
'8 - 8 1/2 2 1' 8 1/2 - 9 2 8" (33%)
9 - 9 1/2 2 9 1/2 2 10 - 10 1/2 2 10 1/2 - 11 2 6" (25%) 11 - 11 1/2 4 11 1/2 - 12 2 12 - 12 1/2 2 12 1/2 - 13 1 12" (50%) recovery 13 - 13 1/2 2 13 1/2 - 14 3 14 - 14 1/2 O 1 14 1/2 - 15 1 18" (75%) 15 - 15 1/2 2 15 1/2 - 16 2 16 - 16 1/2 0 16 1/2 - 17 1 14" (58%) O- 17 - 17 1/2 17 1/2 - 18 1 3 I A-1 l _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ -
l 18 - 18 1/2 2- l 18 1/2 - 19 2 12" (67%) l
,s 19 -19 1/2. 25 l
/ \ 19 1/2 25 t i %~.) Diamond bit attached ! 19 1/2 - 20' 6" (100%) ! Water level was at 4.2 ft. after drilling l
/'" i
( )N Geologic Log: (Note: Units with recovery less than 100% have been expanded in proportion to their recovery in the, drilled interval). ! 0'- 1.3 ft. Red siltstone fragments with minor ash. l 13- 2.0 Clack bottom ash with 30% red ; ex siltstone fragments ( )' 2.0 - 4.0 Black bottom ash,1 mm to 1 cm; bottom 0.6 ft. has white j efflorescence ! 4.0.- 4.8 Black bottom ash with minor red i siltstone (could have fallen in from ! above) { 4.8 - 5.6 Black bottom ash with white ; efflorescence. Bottom 0.1 f t. is wet j 5.6 - 6.0 Red clay with siltatone fragments ! 6.0 - 6.5 (Mixture of bottom ash and red siltstone, loose, probably fell in ; from above) [^ ') 6 .5 ,- 8.0 Red clay with local thin black ash \s_,/ fragments to 1" in size and soft H ; yellow sandstone 2 8.0 - 10.0 Red clay with rock fragments of red j siltstone and sparse black ash to j 1 cm in size i 10.0 - 12.0 Red clay with fragments of red silt-stone (1 - 2 mm) 12.0 - 14.0 Red clay with 1 - 5 mm fragments of red : siltstone, and minor bottom ash and l yellow-brown sandstoner minor sand ! also present j 14.0 - 16.0 Red clay with fragments of black ash i
- and red siltstone up 2 cm in diam. l 16.0 - 18.0 Red clay with sparse coal and bottom
(- s} ash fragments up to 3 cm in diam. 18.0 - 19.1 Red clay as above , 19.1 - 19.4 Asphalt and crushed stone ! 19.4 - 19.5 Broken pieces of red siltstone and red l clay ! n ' ('- ') 19.5 - 20.0 Core of red siltstone bedrock (one 5" piece, several small fragments). 1 1 fs i ) i (m / i A-2 i
. _ _ -__. -____ a
Interpretation: The site was evidently excavated into bedrock at 19.4 ft. during construction of the Nuclear Facility, and a pad of asphalt over crushed stone was laid down. A fill of red clay with minor siltstone and bottom ash was l I then emplaced, and the waste storage tanks placed on this fill. After removal of the tanks, the resulting hole was filled with bot tom ash. A surface layer I composed mainly of red siltstone fragments was spread over the surface. The bottom ash is very poorly compacted and probably highly porous. 1 A-3
.Drij.1 Hole T Drilled 8/10/88 Location: In the area from which a liquid waste storage tank was removed.
Blow-Counts and Recovery: 0 - 1/2 ft. 9 blows 1/2 8 22" (925) recovery 1 - 1 1/2 5 1-1/2 - 2> 5 i 2 - 2 1/2 3 L 2 1/2 - 3 '5 21" (88%) 3 - 3 1/2 5 3.1/2 - 4~ 5 0 4 +, /2 4 1/2 - 5' 2 3 16" (675) 5 - 5 1/2 2 5 1/2 - 6 3 6.- 6 1/2 2 6 1/2 - 7 1 15" (63%) 7 - 7 1/2 2 7 1/2 - 8 3 8-81/2 1 8 1/2 - 9 2 22 1/2" (945) 9 - 9 1/2 3 9 1/2 - 10 2 10 - 10 1/2 1/2 10 1/2 - 11 1/2 16" (67%) 11 - 11 1/2 1 11 1/2 - 12 3 12 - 12 1/2 0 12 1/2 - 13 1 20"~(83%) 13 - 13 1/2 2 13 1/2 - 14 2 14 - 14 1/2 1 14 1/2 - 15 1 16" (67%) 15 - 15 1/2 2 O 15 1/2 - 16 1 16 - 16 1/2 1/2 16 1/2 - 17 1/2 17" (715) 17 - 17 1/2 2 17 1/2 - 18 2 0 O
, A-4
18 - 18 1/2 0 18 1/2 - 19 1 20" (83%) L TX 19.- 19 1/2 1- , I. 19 1/2 - 20 2 20 - 20 1/2 8 20.5 - 20.9 50 18" (167%) s Diamond coring bit used
/ i 20.9 - 21.4 6" (1005)
Water level was at 5.6 ft. after drilling Geologic Log: (Note: Units with less than 100% recovery are expanded
,- ] . proportionately.)
V O- 0.3 Crushed stone and gray dirt 03- 0.5 Fine gray fly ash.
'0.5 - 2.0 Black bottom ash, 2 mm to 1 cm, white efflorescence on bottom 0.4 '.
2.0 - 2.9 Black botom ash as above 2.9 - -3.6 Red clay with fragments of bottom ash j and r,ed siltstone up to 2 cm in size j 3.6 - 4.0 Bottom ash and slag, lots of 2 - 20 mm, one 2 cm piece , 4.0 - 45 Bluck bottom ash (could be fall-in) J 4.5 - 5.7 Red clay with abundant red siltstone fragments fx
.l T 5.7 - 6.0 Piece of light gray sandstone with red clay ~x_)~ 6.0 - 6.3 Black bottom ash (possibly fell in) 6.3 - 8.0 Rea clay with red siltstone fragments and minor black bottom ash 8.0 - 10.0 Red clay with red siltstone fragments I with a few pieces of bottom ash. i 10.0 - 12.0 Red clay with red siltstone and chert ;
fragments, also one piece of black slag ! at 11.8' 12.0 - 19.7 Red clay with 15% red siltstone fragments and a few bottom ash fragments 19.7 - 20.0 Red clay, reader than above and less wet, but otherwise similar ex 20.0 - 20.5 Red clay with siltstone fragments as , (' ) above (could have fallen in) 20.5 - 20.7 Red sandstone and siltstone fragments up to 3 cm, one fragment is rounded 20.7 - 20.9 Green sandstone and siltstone in pieces up to 2" (broken bedrock)
.e-~x 20.9 - 21.4 Fine grained green sandstone in 1/2 - 3"
('- ) lengths, as angular fragments. Also, 1" of small rounded green and red sand-stone pieces (may have fallen in) . 1
.I
/"%
%./
A-5 i
Interpretation. The area was excavated to be:drock at 20.7 ft., then filled with red clay I-s on which the tank was emplaced, and finally backfilled with bottom ash and red clay after tank removed, The top 0.5' apparently accumulated after this backfilling. I O , O O t O A-6
h4 ! Drill Hole T Drilled 8/10/88 Location: At site from which a liquid waste storage tank was removed. I L. O Blow Counts and Recovery. 1 l 0 - 1/2 ft. 8 blows j 1/2 - 1 7 19" (79%) recovery 1-1 1/2 2 4 1 1/2.- 2 3 2-21/2 3' i
- k. 2.1/2 - 3 3 17" (715) 3 - 3.1/2 3-3 1/2 - 4 3 4-41/2 3 4 1/2 - 5 2 21" (88%)
5 - 5 1/2 2 51/2-6 2 f 6 - 6 1/2 3 6 1/2.- 7 2 18" (75%) 7 - 7 1/2, 7 1/2 - 8 2 8 - 8 1/2 4 81/2-9 6 10" (42%) 9 - 9 1/4 2 9.1/2 - 10 2 10 - 10 1/2 1/2 10 1/2 - 11 1/2 16" (67%) 11 1/2 1 11 1/2 '12 2 12 - 12 1/2 1/2 12 1/2 - 13 1/2 6" (25%) 13 - 13 1/2 1 13 1/2 - 14 1 14 - 14 1/2 1/2 14 1/2 - 15 1/2 18" (75%) 15 - 15 1/2 2 O. 15 1/2 - 16 3 i 16 - 16 1/2 4 16 1/2 - 17 13 13" (100%) 17 - 17.1 50 O A-7
, Diamond bit used
'x 17.1: :18.1 ~ 10" Core (835)
'l ):
' Water level at 7.5' after drilling Geologic Log (Note: Units expanded in proportion to amount recovered in
. interval drilled)
; [' y- 0- 0.4. Crushed stone (1 cm size) and
(_ / sandy silt 0.4 - 2.0: Black fine gralhed ash (< 1 mm); some fragments to 2 cm 2.0 - 4.0 Bottom ash and fly ash, black, 30% is 1/2 - 1 cm
/ 'I 4.0 - 6.0' Bottom ash and fly ash, black,
(/ __ mostly 3 - 10 mm in size, with , minor crushed limestone. Wet at bottom 6.0 - 7.4 Bottom ash, black, as above 7.4 - 8.0 Red clay with 1 mm angular rock fragments, very wet 8.0 - 9.4 Black bottom ash (possibly fall-in) 9.4 - 10.0_ Asphalt, black, plastic, with some crusned limestone to 1 cm 10.0 - 11.8 Red clay with angular siltstone fragments cNi 11.8 - 12.0 Red sandy clay, about 50% sand ( )~ ' ' 12.0 - 14.0 Red sandy clay with 10% 1 em fragments of red siltstone 14.0 - 15.6 Red clay with siltstone fragments
,i up to 2 cm, not sandy like above. Could be a natural clay deposit 15.6-- 15.7 Red to gray' clay with rounded pebble 15.7'- 16.0 Yellow-brown sandstone fragment 16.0 - 16.3 Red clay with siltstone fragments 16.3 - 16.5 Red siltstone in a yellow clay matrix, and a 1 cm green siltstone
/"'T 16.5 - 17.1 Red siltstone bedrock with a red (s_,/ clay matrix, increasingly solid 17.1 - 18.1 Fine grained red sandstone in two 4" pieces of core plus a lot of fragments; one mud chip Interpretation: See T-1 and T-2.
/~~']
v l tv/ A-8
u
}
Drill Hole T-4 Drilled 8/9/88
~ Location: At former site of a spent resin tank just north of containment buiding.
#[ ,
Blow Counts and Recovery: 0 - 1/2 ft. 2 blows _1/2 - 1 4 18" (75%) recovery
.ry 1 - 1 1/2 5
- \ j :
1 1/2.i 2 3 2 - 2 1/2 2.
. . . , . 2 1/2 - 3 =2 18" (75%)
J' Y,." ~ 3 - 3 1/2 13-3 1/2 - 4 2
+
4-41/2 2 4 1/2 - 5 1 20" (83%) 5-51/2 1 5 1/2 - 6 1
'6 - 6 1/2 1 6 1/2 - 7 1 '7" (29%)
7 - 7 1/2 0 7 1/2 - 8 1 8 - 8 1/2. 0 8 1/2 - 9 0 17" (71%) 9 1/2 2 O 9.1/2 - 10_ 10 - 10 1/2 2 1 10 1/2 - 11 2 19" (795) 11 - 11 1/2 2 j' 11 1/2 - 12 6 12 - 1'2 1/2' 3 12'1/2 - 13 3 18" (75%) 13 - 13 1/2 2 13 1/2 - 14 2
- i 14 - 14 1/2 1 14 5 - 14.7 26 12" (143%)
Diamond drill installed (NX size, 2" core) 14.7 - 16.5 17" recovered (79% recovery) Water level at 6.6 ft. after coring
)
O A-9 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a
Geologic Log (Units expanded proportionally to fill interval)
- , ~t 0 0.3. Black fly ash and black' cleaning grit l ) 'used to sandblast containment j
'- ' O.3 - 1.4 Red Clay
- 1.4 - 2.0 Black bottom ash and coal fragments, wide range of grain sizes l 2.0 - 32 Black bottom ash and coal, medium to s
s1 coarse grained (* ) 3.2 - 4.0 Red clay with 50% bottom ash and coal 4.0 - 5.5 Black bottom ash 5.5 - 6.0 soft red clay with 30% angular grit 6.0 - 6.6 Loose bottom ash with minor: red clay 6.6 - '8.0 Coarse black bottom ash (to 1").
. f- g Bottom is wet t 8.0 - 8.6 Black bottom ash with considerable red
'\- clay matrix 8.6 - 10.0 Red clay with 10% grit, one gray sandstone fragment (1" diam.) Wet 10.0 - 12.0 Red clay with about 30% angular silt-stone clasts. Wet 12.0 - 12.6 Red clay with 1" of sand at base. Wet 12.6 - 13 5 Olean crushed stone ( 1 mm to 2 cm) 13.5 - 14 0 Red siltatone in a' matrix of red clay.
Fragments of siltstone to 1" 14.0 - 14.7 Solid wet gritty red clay with crushed limestone fragments at bottom 14.7 - 15 5 Concrete with steel rebars
/T
(, ) 15 5 - 16.0 Broken red and green siltstone and shale bedrocks 16.0 - 16.5 Green shale bedrock Interpretation: The area was excavated to bedrock at 15.5 ft., and a concrete base was
. poured. The overlying material (0.3 to 1 15.5 ft.) represents either one period of fill after tank removal, or 2 periods of fill (red clay to about 8.5 ft. prior to emplacing tank; bottom ash and red clay backfill after tank removal). The interval 0 to 0.3 ft. is a mixture of fly ash blown into this spot after tank removal, plus angular black cleaning compound from sandblasting the outside of the containment building.
!,^)
x- /
., )
m A-10
Drill Hole T Drilled 8/9/88 Location: Atisite of spent resin tank just north of containment building. l. Blow-Counts and Recovery: 0 - 1/2 ft. 2 blows
'7 19" (795)- recovery l
L O 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 - 1 1 -11/2 6 6 / 2-21/2 4 H 2 1/2 .3 4- 13" (545) 3-31/2 5 l 3 1/2 - 4 4 4 - 4 1/2 4 4 1/2'- 5 7 8" (33%) 5 - 5 1/2 7 51/2-6 5 6-61/2 2 6 1/2, - 7 2 12" (50%) 7 - 7 1/2 2 7 1/2 - 8 4 3 - 8 1/2 3 8 1/2 - 9 0 9 1/2 - 10 9 - 9 1/2 3 2 3 9" (38%) 10 - 10 1/2 2 10 1/2 - 11 2 26" (108%) 11 - 11 1/2 2 11-1/2 - 12 2 12 - 12 1/2 2 12 1/2 - 13 2 14" (25%) 13 - 13 1/2 2 13 1/2 - 14 3 14 - 14 1/2 2 0 Diamond drill used 14.5 - 14.6 30 26" (309%) 14.6 - 15.6 12" recovered (100%) O O A-ll
e: J m< j (- , Geologic Log (Note: Units expanded to fill intervals where recovery is less than 100%) 4 i t N O- 03 Black ash and sandblasting compound (,/ l e 0. 3 - 0.9 Sandy clay with 2" whice sandstone fragmsnt l
-0.9 - 2.0 Black bottom ash 2.0 - 2.9 Black bottom asn 2.9 - 4.0 Red clay with sparse bottom ash i: [
(7) 4.0 - 6.0 6.0 - 6.7 Bottom ash with minor red clay / mudstone Red clay 6.7 - 8.0 Granular red siltatone and bottora .j ash fragments, mostly about 1 mm, but up to 1 cm in size [^ 8.0 - 10.0 Dominantly bottom ash with about'255 red siltstone, as fragments up to 5 cm, average 1 - 5 mm. Dry l 10.0"- 12.0 Red sandy clay with zones of bottom ash at 10.5 - 10.8 and 11.5 to 11.7 ft. 12.0 - 12.9 Black bottom ash, particles up to 3-cm 12.9 - 14.0 - Soft red clay 14.0 - 14.6 Sandy red clay (Overlain by 14" of ash and red clay that is assumed to have fallen in). ; 14.6 - 14.7 Concrete (chips of limestone, lots 1
, of sand, in a light tan matrix).
(q'j 14.7 - 15.4 Concrete (core) 15.4 - 15 5 Red siltatone fragment 15.5 - 15.7 Gray fractured sandstone bedrock Interpretation: 'See T-4 l i c A-12 i
7, Drill Hole T-6 Drilled 8/8/88 ?' t'~s . . Location: At site of former spent resin tank on north side of containment
\s_, . building.
Drilling Method: This hole ~was the first one drilled. The interval 0 - 10 ft, was drilled using two 2 1/2" 1.d., 30" long plastic tubes inside a split spoon barrel, pushed into the soll, with the auger turning around the outside, y s. The method produced.very poor core recovery, so for 10 - 14.5.ft., the plastic (' ,) tubes were left out, and the sample was pushed into the empty split barrel.
.This method produced slightly better recovery but still was not acceptable, so the method was abandoned, and other holes drilled using a standard split spoon barrel driven with a " hammer".
,- s Geologic Log:
~- 0- 5.0 ft. 10.5" of core recovered 5.0 - 10.0 14" recovered 3 1/2" Bottom ash mixed with red clay 8 1/2" Soft red clay 2" Soft red clay with sparse fragments of bottom ash 10.0 - 14.5 32" recovered (595)
Soft red clay with fragments of red siltstone and Sandstene at top 14.5 - 15 Soft, no recovery 15.0 - 19.0 Diamond core bit Broken up red and green siltstone and shale ( 26.5" recovered (55%)
'( Very rapid advance 16 - 17' Water at 8.5' C\
V p. t ( l
\
A-13
l
, Drill Hole T6A Drilled 8/9/88
- Location
- At former' site of spent resin tank adjacent to containment tuiling.
t Tne hole is about 3 ft. N of T6, and was re-drilled because of very poor y recovery in that hole, j Blow Counts and Recovery: 9 blows O 0 - 1/2 ft. 1/2 - 1 1-1 1/2 16 13-13 1/2" (75%) recovery 1.1/2 - 2 9' 2-21/2 8 15" (83%) 2 1/2 - 3 7 O 3-31/2 5 10" (42%) 31/2-4 3 4 - 4 1/2 3 41/2-5 2 5 - 5 1/2 1 51/2-6 2 6" (25%) 6 - 6 1/2 1 6 1/2 - 7 2 7 - 7 1/2 1 7 1/2 - 8 1 3" (13%) 8 - 8 1/2 O 1 8 1/2 - 9 1 9 - 9 1/2 2 9 1/2 - 10 2 .11" (46%) 10 - 10 1/2 2 10 1/2 - 11 2 11 - 11 1/2 3 11 1/2 - 12 3 11" (46%) 12 - 12 1/2 5 12.1/2 .13 4 13 - 13 1/2 2 13 1/2 - 14 2 9" (38%) 0 14 - 14 1/2 14 1/2 - 15 3 4 15 - 15 1/2 5 15 1/2 - 16.1 45 13" (100%) O O A-14
Geologic Log (Note: Units are expanded proportionally to recovery to length of interval drilled. 0- 0.1 Cleaning grit with possibly minor fly ash, and some roots 0.1 - 1.5 Fragments of red siltstone, mostly 1-20 mm., in size, a few to 30 mm., angular 1.5 - 2.6 Fragments of red siltstone O 2.6 - 3.0 coal and black bottom ash, coarse grained 30- 3.7 Red siltstone with bottom ash, unconsolidated 3.7 - 5.0 coal and bottom ash, black, unconsolidated 5.0 - 7.0 Red siltstone and clay. One large bottom ash fragment. Unconsolidated. Dry O 7.0 - 9.0 Bottom ash and coal. Dry, poorly consolidated. 9.0 - 11.0 Dominantly red clay matrix with subordinate bottom ash fragments 11.0 - 13.0 Red clay with 10% bottom ash fragments, and one large piece of bottom ash 13 0 - 15.0 Red clay with red siltstone fragments 15 - 15.8 Red clay with siltstone fragments 15.8 - 16.1 Red sandstone and siltstone fragments (beorock) O O A-15
+- i G+ f G APPENDIX B Photographs A Note: Some photos, particularly in holes T-1 through T-3, were underexposed - for the core part of the picture, so the colors are not true. The scale visible in most photos is 1 foot long, graduated in inches. O Q 5 O l
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F--------------.-._._ O O O APPENDIX C GAMMA LOGS OF T-SERIES DRILLIIOLES O i I O
~
OVERSIZE DOCUMENT I PAGE PULLED . _ SEE APERTURE CARDS : 1 NUMBER OF OVERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE' CARDS -
)
APERTURE CARD /HARD COPY AVAILABLE FROM . QECORDS : AND . REPORTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH
't APPEND 1X D. MEGASCOPIC AND BINOCULAR MICROSCOPIC DESCRIPTIONS OF SAMPLES FROM T-SERIES DR1LLHOLES o
l f' Megascopic/ Binocular Micrcscope Examination of Samples from ( g) 73 T-Series Drill Holes PSU 5210 Hole T-1, bottom half of 0-24" Siltstone and Clay, red, 35%, fragments up to 3 cm diam., ['T (m-most are 1-20 mm. Coal 15% very fine (< 1 mm) One rounded pebble. Bottom ash, 25%, black, 1/2 - 2 cm PSU 5211 Hole T-1, top half of 48-72" Bottom Ash, black to dark gray, 94%. Of this 5-10% is
~
1-3 cm diameter, 40-45% 0.1-1 cm, and 50% < 0.1 cm (~' N Sparsely vesicular, wet. About 5% of ash has white efflorescence. Black shiny unburned coal particles, 3%, < 1 mm Red siltstone fragments, 3%, 1/2-2 cm PSU 5212 Hole T-1, bottom half of 48-72" Bottom Ash. black to dark brown, 85% 25% > 1 cm (up to 5 cm) 20% < 1 mm Red Siltstone,15%, in fine red mud matrix Particles are 2 mm to 1 cm coated with fine ash. Wet
- PSU 5213 Hole T-2, 24-33" Bottom Ash, black to dark brown 85-90%
[s's_e} 10% > 1 cm (to 2.5 cm) 50% < 1 mm 10% has white efflorescence Coal, shiny black unburned particles, 10-15%, Fine (< 1 mm) Less moisture than above PSU 5214 Hole T-4, 18-24" Bottom Ash, 80-905, black to dark brown 5-10% > 1 cm 50% < 1 mm Sparse efflorescence, several very vesicular pieces Coal, shiny black unburned, 10-20% (,,s) Mostly < 1 mm, but one 1 cm fragment U PSU 5215 Hole T-5, 24-30" Bottom Ash, 955, black to dark gray 10% > 1 cm 50% < 1 mm
'I Several fragments show bedding
[~ s_-/) Sparse efflorescence Siltstone, 5%, red fragments with red clay matrix l A few root fragments ; l i D-1
r . - _ PSU 5216 Hole T-5, 48-72" Bottom Ash, 82%, black to dark brown
., 3% > 1 cm .
p ( 50% < 1 mn Sparse efflorescence
-Siltstone. 15%, red, with red mud 1 mm to 1 cm Coal, 3%, shiny black, unburned l' O < 1 mm D. PSU 5217 Hole T-6A, Bottom Half of 36-60 Clay,Lorange-brown, 70%, up to 4 cm diameter Bottom Ash, 5%, dark gray to black, up to 2 cm diam.
Coal, 5%, black, shiny, unburned, mostly < 1 mm
- G'
.f
.!' ) PSU 5218 Hole T-6A, Bottom half of 60-84" interval Siltstone and Clay, 90%, red One 4 cm fragment of hard red siltstone Remainder is 1/2 - 1 mm Black ash.and degraded coal, 10%, < 1 mm PSU 5219 Hole T-6A, 84-108" B,ottom ash, 305, black to dark brown
-2 pieces 2 cm diam., glassy on broken surface Clay, orange brown, 68%
0-5%- 10 mm, 20% - 1 cm Average grain size 1 mm Coated with black ash and coal particles Coal, shiny black, 2% ( ( . D-2
I 1 s
@ =l O
APPENDIX E SAMPLE WEIGliTS O O
- O
. . . . . . ..a
4
-Appendix E. Sample Weigrits Sample Field Moisture Dried at 110*C Moisture
.5210 429.8 g 40920 g 4.8%. -
5211 -715.8 633.9 11.4-5212' 828.6 673.5 18.7 O 5213 637:.3 568.9 10.7 5214 378.7 361.8 4.5 5215 461.7 420.0 9.0 5216 525.3 446.7 15.0 5217 316.9 277.1 12.5 5218 193.4 5219 160.5 O O LO 'O E-1
l t'
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' 5,-
t i APPENDIX F
< , EQUATIONS USED TO CALCULATE GAMMA SPECTROSCOPIC RESULTS'
(%
c-l l' m EQUATIONS USED TO CALCULATE GAMMA SPECTROSCOPY RESULTS i
%)
Symbols used in calculations: A = semple peak eree above continuum (counts) B = branching ratio for the gemme rey of the particuler isotope in question (gemmes/ r'~3 T. / disintegration) C = semple peek aree below continuum (counts) D = background pesk aree abcve continuum (cwnts) E = fractionel detector efficiency at photopeak energ/ (counts /gemme)
,. ex F = background peek aree below continuum (counts)
S = samplesize(grams) (V) BT = backg-oundcountingtime(seconds) CT = semplecountingtime(seconds) DC = decer correction fmtor; corrects for radianctive dece/ of the semple from the time of collection to the time of counting 2.22 = conversion fmtor; disintegrations per minute per pimcurie 4.65 = 2/2k, where k is the.value for the upper percentile of the standardized normel variate corresponding to the preselected risk that the present activity will be detected 95% of the time. For radioisotopes which are found in the semple but not in the background the following (~N equations are used to calculate concentration, error and minimum &tectable concentration. k Isotopic concentration (pci/ gram) = 2.22 x B x E x S x DC x (CT/60) JA + 2C 1 sigma counting error (pCi/grem) = 2.22 x B x E x S x DC x (CT/60) 4.65 8 Minimum detectable concentration (pCi/ gram) = 2.22 x B r. E x S x DC x (CT/60) (3
%)
For radioisotopes which are found in both the ssmple and background the following equations are
)
used to calculate concentration, error and minimum detectable concentration. (A/CT)-(D/BT) ('-) Isotopic mncentration (pCi/ gram) = x 60 2.22 x B x E x S x DC 2
/(A + 2C/012) + (D + 2F/BT )
x 60 C 1-sigme counting error (pCi/ gram) = 2.22 x B x E x 5 x DC ()3 2 4.65 /(C/CT2 ) . (0 + 2F/BT ) Minimum etectable concentration (pCi/ gram) = x 60 : 2.22 x B x E x S x DC F-1
t s
.l' -
. 1-s
. O 1 e
; g-
.9
. i. ,-
~
l
-APPENDIX G DRILLER'S-LOG 3 1
9 0
+
.4
;2 O
-MANiBERI, Inc = DRILLER'S TEST CORING R W 337 FAWCETT CHURCH OAD e BRIDGEVILLE. PA 15017 Sheet / of I Driller HP ( RorKSTl~
Hole Station R.Q. No[C-7
/ / S //1 VIO:/7 M" ?nA fM:ce Elevation For
( )r Depth 24 hrs _ W f $'T/ N 6 M o o A L_ (dmer Weight Sa. / 4 O lbs. Drop T6 In. Location -
- Hammer Weight Ca. Ibs. Drop,
- In. _5 A Y-To M , PA ,
Ccsing Size in. Sam. Size 'l in. Started //-7 8-/O-EE ' Completed 8'-//~92
"'*" " *
- EEEUo LOG OF HOLE W-7 0-2.o E ~'/A%/ //2 O u ~2 *Ewf"'?Wb. ' SAND.s70HL Tb - bA't' 2.o' f Y S _,5 0-2.o 'Att. - REDblSM BAH. CLAY w/Sonc.
f- (o 0-l Y 35.SV2 W lll,7 fl y ASN { FRAC OA Y T,b . if'/. 7 0-20 f/tt. - fl Y ASW f Afbb)JH BRH
/ p-z.o !;!h //z.o e a y - oar - z o. 2.o' (
O - 2.O ftLL - FL7 ASH d' Atbb/SR BAH. S - 5~r 0-2.0 jo.} ll,,g . gcA y w/fgAG S - bA Y - Ta b. 2.o ' - l O- 2. S [0 .S GLAU: 7bP) g, ( _' 3, A S
.fd Il SS-Z.S k _!ji llz,o { ArppzrH /3x8, ctAy ~/ppAc,5 xb,; ~
- 7. z o-2P - All - St Y ASH { coal <~fson-c-f& 3 0-20 3-7 llg,o gggg,39 ggxg,,y f pgg_5_My 7;b. Z.c z -(o 0-Z.o All -A1Ar# 'd//tob/SN BRM.
9 O-2 o 77 75 ll7,o .g,py gpggg3_ggy 7,p,g,o ! q -g O ~2.0 All - ft Y ASH { coal w/t/ Wit fE' $ U ~2 'O /2 -/t/ Ib,5 l'tA't f F/A6S -ba y - 7;b, z.o ' ~
.g 0-2.0 All - fly ASH f coa L
[-/O O-20 g-g I,l7,o - DR y - 7 b . 2. o ' -
,.y 0-2 0 RLL - fly ASN' coal f . SLAG EC-/2 0-2.0 20-31 #[/,4 o 4 '/ -
/ o < Z.0 '
- - o -l.o - Dil A y ASH 70 ifet Y -
~'
~// o-l.o 3-zs I,/g ,,,,. q ,yo n g p,ep c,s o g y y; p ,t. o' o-zo nu. - n r Arp 70 setr, an.
h/A O-2 * /&-/2 q .2 ll2.o JAPb f'//^tSW2 -bay -7;b,2.0
-O -
l- . O l :
= -
i 4 _ _ . . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ ___________u
6
&~ip LAMBERT inc' 3 = DRILLER'S Project No. . M H d9d'io ATEST sax'7bM> COR 337 FAWCETT CHURCH ROAD e BRIDGEVILLE, PA 15017 Hole No- 7" / Sheet / oi /
Driller M M b OCK/7I~ Station ( 'ce Elevation For f>> fM4/.HouA r ( Jr Depth M2 24 hrs-sammer Weight Sa. _ NO lbs. Drop 30 in. Location SAWM; MC Ibs. Drop - In. l H:mmSize Casing r Weight3Ca. .f$' in. Sam. Size 3 in. Started A-/O-8 E Completed 2-10 -3 f { M*LLOW 571h5 i
^
opm o
"d3 "d$ #e"o LOG OF HOLE a
O ~ S'S f!a - StAcx ps y Asn
~
0 - 2.o j.'h / /j.z l Z-4.0 '/- 6'-Y-2 2 //.7 D/tY y o m es 7 4-6.,0 / -I- 2 44 3//.3 - S~.5- / 9 S p'/$bD6HSitH.StL713Awo1 i 6-80 2-l-3-1 - t./ //.o e tA4 w FKAGS g Sont co AL 1 9-/O0 Z-1-3-4 C/ 8 pcg a cy p m m _ m g ,
; /0-/2 0 2-3-3-2
. 4/g j/Z- /4.0 2-1-Z-2. 7//.o 7 l/V-/do /-/- 2-2. f///.c -
/4AD O~/-/4 9/j. z 2-2-50 Jo// y
' O]
-- w W-/9. 5 v o.e m one o . .- ex 191-Zo.o situ ~7wb.Siersrwg nes.xAns
- 7. o . Z o.o '
4 e e 4 4AWARMAD V . O 1 pv - i
DRILLER LAMBERT inc M 337 FAWCETT CHURCH OAD e DRIDGEVILLE, PA 15017 goye99nw'S TEST CORING Hole No I" 2 ,. Sheet / of / r OM r_/2 0CRT Station ce Elevation For tu 5 %-r /wA 1.tos a r Depth 6+b 24 hrs- i Hammer Weight Sa. /40 lbs. Drop 3Ain. Location SAX'7b A/, . 44 . Hammer Weight Ca. Ibs. Drop < in. Casing Size 3 Vu in. Sam. Size 3 in. Started R-/O-$?# Completed 9-/ O -$P R putow .s77n on "M "h MS"o LOG OF HOLE O-2.0 9-8-C-S 'l2.0 O-44 Sitc- m m m m f coal. PLAW B7 P/eob"CT3 - bftY 2.- 4 0 3-5-55 2lt E t 44= 0 3' 2 2- Lt. 9 -20 9 fitt - REbbssit Sgu. .stcrY SA 6-80 l- L- t-5 L{ /j.g Ciki s~/ FitAM f font coa L l 2-IOD 2-2.-7_-2 g//.9 />LlwT* BY P/20b a cTt jo tz.o l-l-) ~L 6ll.3 -- bAmP Ts wLT-
/2-/V.0 0-/-2-2. /.g
/4-K,0 l-I-2 I g/j.g -
.f6-/8 0 l- /-2-L t]ll,g n) /8-200 0-/ -/ -2.
20-20.9 10 -50/ 4
/o//.9 u f .9 2 r .4 N n NH 0. 5 04 20.9 -7 I- 4 B/EH wroo. Mub Max f - /3ttou ru
'/ , O . Z l.</ #
E -- N en O AJ , e ____a._______._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
DRILLER [ ( 1
@-@LAhnBERT inc M 337 FAWCETT CHURC ROAD e BRIDGkVILLE, PA 15017 g5?w'S TEST BORING REC 94*8 t RocicT Hole No- T-3 Sheet / of /
Driller _. Station e Elevation For 12/# W/M Moo <f ' Depth 7% 24 hrs-l ammer Weight Sa. ' /#/O lbs. Drop 30 in. Location I A m N _ MA l Himm:r Weight Ca. lbs. Drop
- In, C: sing Size 7% in. Sam Size 3 in. Staned 8-l O-R R Completed P -I o - P E isonou, srrss EL" DEPTH WS g E"O LOG OF HOLE
/SLNJL 0-2.o 7-7& s t /2.o 0 -7. 5 ft L L FL't AS/t .so n t co A L 7_ y.o 3-3-3-3 < ' ' '
Y F "' U b d ' 2 //.6
"' H-L.O 3-2-2-1 3/7.o
"'" ~
'v) -
6-90 3- 2 7- '/// 5 2-10 0 t/4- 2-1. T/j.o 7. T -l7 1 fie t - RtbDis// ans. sti.n CLAr w/ ,yp6 l 3pagS7twc picAst-10 -12.c f.o -I- ?_ U/.3 7/24(f. co4L /3y p/zo60crs i2-140 k.o*I-l 7//.] - t r.
/W4.o ko-Z-3 g/2.o -
Id-/7.1 (,-13 SWI 9/j.o JR./ hv coa C j. o J.o /7. l-/ E.1 Sw. Gncy fint MAloutb .sA vosToK
/*%. -- i a
3 T. b I 8. \ g - p em O Gulumb a dump W I q _ A M
- DRILLER CElp3 LAMBERT inc. ig=;s'S TEST CORING REC M 337 FAWCETT CHUpH ROAD e BRIDGEVILLE, PA 15017 Hole No. TM Sheet / of /
Driller TOHN ' Rof K Station 7-^3e Elevation For (4'IX7/ W oo<f ( jr Depth I^ I- 24 hrs. 15mer Weight Sa. /40 lbs. Drop 30 in. Location 5 AVToM , 8A H;mmer Weight Ca. tbs. Drop
- In.
C sing Size 3 V4 in. Sam. Size ~5 in. Started 9 E 7 Completed R 7R Hou.ow m si -- oc m "e'o "s' "[g" So LOG OF HOLE
- o-o.s -fact a t Aac Ci y Aw 0-2.0 2 3 -3 lll 5 o,3.,q,7 pct . ,gggg,y gy, g, ,, ,
7-40 2- 3 7. ZllL SAuby CM y w/ N2Ac.$ f coal ~% Lj 4.O 'L-I-I-l 3l/5 A *' OY M ~
~
6-9.o /- I ' / l. o t//, y bS1 To ~r 5 7 (d-roo Yi r//,4 .
/0-/2 0 /-/ 4 4//.c,
/z-/v.o e-2-z_z 7//.c
^'-/ 7 2 - 5*AZ- RI ' ' /y. 7. ig.q coacarrs -
$$'s M CoRC J. g /.s 15 9-/&.2 /3ns. msrb. SAus.sno r nrs innexti
- r. b . i&...c '
" e SID m ( -- . \
a DRILLER
@t@ LAMBERT Inc W 337 FAWCETT CHUR ROAD e BRIDGEVILLC. PA 1E017 i==w'S TEST BORING RECOR 7-f Hole No. Sheet / of /
' Driller d mH e ' L oorfT A Station DJ f S'T/N6-JAD o G f
)
l f* 0 Elevation For
) Depth N,7 24 hrs-k HaImer Weight Sa. /4O ibs. Drop Mo in. Location SA v'7e % A Himmer Weight Ca. Ibs. Drop
- In.
Casing Size 3 74 in. Sam. Size 3 in. Started E-9-SR Completed E-9-E R Houo. .frtns EL DEPW S g g" ((g"O LOG OF HOLE 0 - o. 3 Cm - AHVx R 'r AD/ 0 -Z.o 2-7 -(o-/o ///.c o'3 144 fit t - RtbotsM BitH. 5)try spuor 2 -4.0 4 5-4 2//3 CLA't w} fitA &S { Son t. coa t piger
~
4 -(,.o q-7.y-s 3/. y n, pitobacrs - f) (, . g.o 7.z y.q q/, g M^^O P
- ET $ G.o '
9-/ 0.0 3 3-z.3 g/7
/O-/2.0 Z-2-1-3 d7.3 --
/2-/'/.0 2-1-2-3 7//'/
/Y-M.6 "L-54Q R/J. V _,,, z ., g. g wgm
)%/st, w don c /.o /. o so-sc.e. mansa sw. Fivecy ws.1 .r m u r - a gox.
T. b ./s.G' AI - WHEIND sp M - I ( -
,a, .
(./'
* . _ _ . _ __.______________.__ _ ____.___._._ _ _ _ a
M
'S TEST E'ORING RECORD LAMBERTinc' 3 337 FAWCETT CHU H ROAD e [RIDGEVILLE, PA 1$017
=DRILLt =~ ~"-
Prohct No.MA O. M/mq{ 70 * '- -)OMR / Por KW Hole No. T-h Sheet / of /
' Driller Station ce Elevation For i1>F_W/Nt,Nov M Depth N5 24 hrs.
mer Weight Sa. 4 lbs. Drop in. Location sam a , A - Himm;r Weight Ca. Ibs. Drop in. Casing Size 37'I in. sam. size 7 5 in. started 9- R- 9R Compieted R-9-R 8 Not & J77ns ac = . ce m "d((wh* "dh" EO"o LOG OF HOLE 0 0 - 0 . 7- St 't A SN - fitt 0 2-/55' fitt - paean 13pp .gitry, Sgeby
- 5. 0 OlhY wf. Conc fly AS/f f A00C FAA65 M O S S SA k Alfa O*9 I ' 5*O gppgp 30 gjg 7- @ jg ,o I -
\
f
' 10.0 ms s sA vm rp 2l/. 2. -
fo.o
/Y S M O.SS SAbLPlfit .3 2_ V n.< ~ou anun alao _,.c. ,c. , n _ < ~ , ._
~
f5.$ /J % JC. 2- / 7.0 BAk C/ A Y d sApositwc - w7sh coR(. /7.o-19.0 B/tH.
/ 9.o 3.6 ?. 3 MEb. W{ AAb - V[RY JtACK t).>GRl5 M .
7 . b. - / 9.o '
~
e muu.s
-meuse M
9 - _c ' [ S
'M
@% LAMBER 33yCETT CHU CH ROAD e BRIDGEVILLE. PA 15017 Inc = ~ = TEST
= DRILLER'S Prrjict No.
Hole No T- 6 A
~ ~ CORING O . / 51 A> 604 70
~ ~ REC Sheet / of /
~'
Driller _ I n LI D r_f ot"k E ll, Station 7'" ce Elevation For fu(STJs> A J/ovS F f ) Depth 9. 7 24 hrs.
'Smer Weight Sa. /'/O lbs. Drop. 3o in. Location SA '>cTa u; 8A H;mmer Weight Ca. Ibs. Drop
- in.
Casing Size in. Sam. Size A in. Started 9-9-RP Completed P-9-92 n - osets "s'((w{ "m'y"w E " l,"o LOG OF HOLE o - o.1 cin - ri r n <M O-l. 5 /l-/3 /A /// M o.1- 2..G, Arppi.w nsa, .5/L7 w/ t.n741 ctAy f'S-3tjo-g-5 2//.7 Y AO(K SAA6$ - OAY 7 G-9 0 ALL - AlbadM /348. 5/LTy,sAway _, 3-50 S-3 2. 3//.O (igy ( pggss ,j (,,L p,,,7 . Q_,i % S-7 O 2-2-2-l Ll/. R g y .pge/> vas - D R 't 7o D A m P
~
7-9.o /-2 /-/ s/4 9-jj.o j-z-z. 5 (,j,,, 9 0 */Ml-/ L '-~RMHN W S/ LTV SA +<a 7 - CLAY wlFAsp.s f ?XRt coal.
//-)3.0 3-5-5 'l 7/l.o ruot.s7 To w t r ~
s /3-/50 2-2.3-4/ 9/ g 1/S;/C D 5-yq 9 //.o /S 5-/fo.o BR4. wTH/> SApoS70PE ~ BRoxess ~ 7- /J . - /d,.o ' j _ e O - _g . O __ . i .
e l i l GLOSSARY ! i'
- . . Alluvium A general term for clay,' silt, sand and gravel deposited during j.
N- recent geologic' time by a stream or other body of running water. - i Aquifer A body of rock that is sufficiently permeable to conduct ground j ~3 water. , I ) '!'
' 's / Bedrock A general term for the rock, usually solid, that underlies soil, alluvium, or other unconsolidated superficial material.
Chlorite 'A group of platy, usually greenish minerals of the general x_,/ formula (Mg,Fe)6AIS13 10 0 C0")8 Chlorites resemble micas in cleaving into thin flakes, and are present in many sedimentary rocks and some soils. Clay 1. A' rock or mineral fragment or a detrital particle having I diameter less than 0.004 mm. 2. An earthy, extremely fine grained sediment or soft rock containing a high proportion of clay-size or colloidal particles i and characterized by high plasticity and by a significant amount of clay
,- g . minerals (see this entry). !
s_ - Clay mineral One of a group of finely crystalline aluminosilicate' minerals with a layer structure, including kaolinite, 1111te and I montmorillonite. i Clinker A rough jag 6ed fragment found in ash from furnaces. Detritus A collective term for loose rock and mineral material that is j worn off or removed by mechanical means, especially sand, silt and clay that ) l is derived from older rocks and moved from its place of origin. [ ) i I (m,/ Diamond drilling A variety of rotary drilling in which diamond bits are used as the rock cutting tool. In most instances a hollow cylindrical bit is I used, so that a cylindrical core of the rock material is recovered.
;n ,
,) Feldspar A group of abundant rock-forming minerals with the general l 1
Common feldspars are composition MA1(A1,Si)308 where M K, Na or Ca. orthoclase(K) and plagioclose(Na,Ca).
, ,, l s_/
)
J l l i
Formation A mappable body of rock identified by lithic characteristics and position relative to other formations. (']. v /i Flood plain Any flat or nearly flat lowland that borders a stream and may be covered by its waters at flood stage. A flood plain is commonly constructed of alluvium deposited during past floods. Gravel An unconsolidated natural accumulation of rock fragments resulting from ercaion, consisting predominantly of particles larger than sand
. - ~ , (i.e., larger than 2 mm).
I V f Hematite An oxide of iron, Fe20 3' ** "lY "Ith 8 D"I8h' "*d 1 "'
' Illite A clay mineral with a mica-type crystal structure. Chemically it is a potassium aluminosilicate, with an approximate composition K A14 (Sig , Al )020( " 4 with x less than 2 and commonly i to 1.5.
Laminated Composed of thin visible layers, applied to fine grained sedimentary deposits. Lithified Converted into a stone or solid rock, usually from a loose sediment tc a solid rock. Mudstone An indurated mud having the texture and composition of a shale but lacking its fine lamination or fissility. Member A sub-unit of a formation, with distinctive properties. Parting A thin layer of sedimentary rock separating two layers of another type of sedimentary material. Coal commonly contains partings of shale.that form ash if not removed in mining or processing. Pleistocene A subdivision of geologic time, characterized by glaciation, starting about 1 million years ago and extending up to the Recent, about 10,000 years ago. Quartz A crystalline form of silica, SiO 2 . A very c mmon rock-forming mineral. fx
.i L
1 _ ___________ ____ _____ _ _ _ _ _
Sand A rock fragment or detritol particle with a diameter between 0.062 and 2.0 mm. Sands can be divided into very fine sand (0.062 to 0.125 mm),
)
fine sand (0.125 to 0.25 mm), medium sand (0.25 to 0.5 mm), coarse sand (0.5 to 1 mm) and very coarse sand (1 to 2 mm).
'T Sandstone A lithified sedimentary rock composed dominantly of sand-sized L ) particles.
Shale A lithified detrital sedimentary rock formed dominantly of silt r ^3 and clay-sized particles, and having thin lamination or fissility (the ability I
^'
to split into thin platy fragments along the layering). Silt A rock fragment or detrital particle with a diameter between 0.004 and 0.062 mm. l Siltstone A lithified sedimentary rock composed dominantly of silt-size particles, but lacking the fine lamination and fiss111ty of a shale. Split-spoon auger drilling A type of drilling normally used in 7 )I unconsolidated or soft materials. The bit is a hollow cylinder sharpened on
\' ~- one end, and is attached to a hollow cylindrical sample holder 1 or 2 ft.
long. The sample holder splics in half to galo access to the sample. The sampler and bit are usually driven into the ground by a hammer or by dropping a weight. (- L.I Q) b - __ _ _ _ _ _ _}}