ML20196H185

Forwards Response to 980928 RAI for Review of Ccnpp,Units 1 & 2 Environ Rept Associated with License Renewal Application.Investigations of Impingement of Aquatic Organisms at Plant Encl

ML20196H185
Person / Time
Site:	Calvert Cliffs
Issue date:	12/03/1998
From:	Cruse C BALTIMORE GAS & ELECTRIC CO.
To:	NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM)
References
TAC-MA1524, TAC-MA1525, NUDOCS 9812080231
Download: ML20196H185 (44)

Text

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I CHAP.LEs H. CaUsE Baltimore Gas and Electric Company

, Vice President Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Nuclear Energy 1650 Calven Cliffs Parkway Lusby, Maryland 20657

= 410 495-4455 December 3,1998 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington,DC 20555 ATTENTION: Document Control Desk

SUBJECT:

Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Unit Nos.1 & 2; Docket Nos. 50-317 & 50-318 Response to Question Number 23 of the Request for Additional Information for the Review of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Unit Nos.1 & 2, Environmental Report Associated with License Renewal (TAC Nos. MA1524 and MA1525)

REFERENCES:

(a) Letter from Mr. C. II. Cruse (BGE) to NRC Document Control Desk, dated April 8,1998," Application for License Renewal" (b) Letter from Ms. C. M. Craig (NRC) to Mr. C. H. Cruse (BGE), dated September 28,1998, " Request for Additional Infonnation for the Review of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) Unit Nos.1

& 2, Environmental Repon Associated with License Renewal (TAC Nos. MA1524 & MA1525)

(c) Letter from Mr. C. H. Cruse (BGE) to NRC Document Control Desk, dated November 20, 1998, Response to Request for Additional Information for the Review of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Unit Nos.1 & 2, Environmental Report Associated with License Renewal, and Errata (TAC Nos. MA1524 and MA1525)

Reference (a) forwarded the Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BGE) License Renewal Application (LRA). As part of the LRA, BGE submitted an environmental report prepared in accordance with 10 CFR Part 51. By Reference (b), the NRC staff forwarded questions on BGE's Environmental Report-Operating License Renewal Stage. Question Number 23 requested BGE to provide a copy of a comprehensive report that was being prepared by BGE to summarize impingement studies at CCNPP.

The impingement report had not been completed in time for inclusion with the responses to the remainder of the environmental report questions (in Reference c), so BGE committed to submit it under separate cover no later than December 6,1998. Attachment (1) provides the requested report entitled,

" Investigations ofImpingement of Aquatic Organisms at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975-1995."

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Document Control Desk J

! December 3,1998 Page 2 Should you have further questions regarding this matter, we will be pleased to discuss them with you.

Very truly yours,

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STATE OF MARYLAND  :

TO WIT: '

COUNTY OF CALVERT  : i l

I, Charles 11. Cruse, being duly sworn, state that I am Vice President, Nuclear Energy Division, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company (BGE), and that I am duly authorized to execute and file this response on behalf of BGE. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the statements contained in this l document are true and correct. To the extent that these statements are not based on my personal knowledge, they are based upon information provided by other BGE employees and/or consultants. Such information has been reviewed in accordance with company practice and I believe it t be reliable.

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I Subgribed and sworn before m , a Notary Public in and for the State of Maryland and County of L*I Y .this day of _ MA .1998.

WITNESS my Hand and Notarial Seal: , _

Notary Public My Commission Expires: [, O@k 9'

C11C/KRE/dtm

Attachment:

(1) Investigations of Impingement of Aquatic Organisms at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975-1995 cc: R. S. Fleishman, Esquire C. I. Grimes, NRC J. E. Silberg, Esquire C. M. Craig, NRC S. S. Bajwa, NRC Resident Inspector, NRC A. W. Dromerick, NRC R. I. McLean, DNR j li. J. Miller, NRC J.11. Walter, PSC i D. L. Solorio, NRC

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\ l ATTACHMENT m INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975-1995 i

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Baltimore Gas and Electric Company Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant December 3,1998

l ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 INTRODUCTION {

In 1967, the Baltimore Gas & Electric Company (BGE) announced its plan to construct a nuclear- .

powered electric generating station on the Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County, Maryland. The Calvert I Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) Unit 1 began commercial operation May 1975. Unit 2 came on-line in April 1977. Each unit has an installed capacity of 825 MW (845 MWe).

Since Calvert Cliffs was the first nuclear power plant in Maryland and the Erst to be located on the Chesapeake Bay, the project received considerable regulatory and public attention. Numerous scientinc i studies were conducted in the vicinity of the plant to establish a Erm baseline picture of pre-operational  !

conditions. Since 1968, investigators from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP) l and other academic and consultant organizations performed extensive investigations to carefully describe the strea and assess the impacts of the operating facility.

Ooeratine License Renewal In 1998, BGE announced its intention to apply to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for i the renewel of the plant's Operating Licenses. Under National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) guidelines, the NRC will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement since the decision to renew the 1 Operating License is considered a major federal action that could significantly affect the quality of the human environment. This paper suppons the conclusion presented in BGE's Environmental Report - .

Operating License RenewalStage that CCNPP's impingement impacts are small and further mitigation is l not warranted. I l

The NRC has regulations that guide the preparation of environmental repons and the assessment of specine issues under NEPA. In 1996, revised Gnal rules for the EnvironmentalReview ofNuclear Power l

Operating Licenses were published (10 CFR Pan 51; 61 FR 66537,12/18/96). The amendments are l based on the analyses reported in NUREG-1B7, Generic EnvironmentalImpact Statementfor License Renewal of Nuclear Plants (May 1996) (GEIS). The NRC has developed a generic assessment to (1) assess the environmental impacts that could be associated with license renewal of individual power plants and (2) provide the technical basis for an amendment to the NRC's regulation with regard to the renewal of nuclear power plant operating licenses. The NRC has recognized that the range of known operating experiences has led to reasonable predictions of operating impacts. As a result, the generic approach will capture operational impacts that are well-understood.

Appendix B (Table B-1) to Subpan A of 10 CFR 51 lists a total of 92 NEPA issues that are addressed in the GEIS. Sixty-eight of the 92 issues are assigned a Category I rating which indicates that a generic conclusion for all affected nuclear power plants has been reached on the impact of the parameter or issue.

A Category I designation results because the GEIS has shown [a] the impacts associated with the issue apply either to all plants or to a subset of plants with specine facilities or site characteristics, [b] a single signincance level (i.e, small, moderate or large) has been assigned to the issue or [c] mitigation of adverse impacts associated with the issue has been considered in the analysis and additional plant-speci6c mitigation measures are likely not to be suf6ciently bene 6cial. Twenty-two of the issues have l been assigned a Category 2 rating. This means that the analysis reported in the GEIS has shown that one i or more of the Category 1 criteria cannot be met and additional plant-speci6c review is required.

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Site and Plant Descriotions Calvert Clifts Nuclear Power Plant (CCNPP) is a two-unit, pressurized water reactor, steam electric generating station located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County, Maryland (Figure 1). The plant is about 9 miles north of the mouth of the Patuxent River and 40 and 60 miles, respectively, from the population centers of Washington, D.C. and Baltimore. The Chesapeake, one of l the most significant estuaries on the continent, is known for its abundant fisheries, widespread l commercial and transportation uses and the extensive recreational opportunities it provides for the large i population that lives in the region.

The Chesapeake Bay is approximately 195 miles long and between 4 and 30 miles wide. The Bay is l approximately 6 miles wide in the area of the plant. The estuary has a circulation pattern that includes a net seaward-moving, fresh water, surface layer and a landward-moving, saline, bottom layer. It has an l average depth of 28 feet and receives the majority of its fresh water from the Susquehanna River.

Salinities range from 5 to 18 parts per thousand and water temperatures can go from 1 C to 28*C.

The plant site occupies over 2100 acres, of which approximately 220 acres have been altered to accommodate utility facilities. The remaining land includes a recreational facility, a visitor center or is in agricultural production. Most of the property is undeveloped forest.

The plant uses a once-through coolirig system, utilizing large volumes of Bay water to condense steam after electricity is produced (See Figure 2 and Appendix A for details of the Cooling Water Intake System). Water is directed toward the plant through a deep,4800 foot long channel. A baffle wall encloses the intake basin. Cooler, bottom water is drawn through openings in the wall 28 feet below the surface. Each of the two generating units has 6 water intakes and 12 traveling screens that keep objects and aquatic life from entering the plant. Each screen is rotated and washed 10 minutes every hour to remove accumulated materials. The large circulating water pumps (six per Unit) move almost 2.4 million gallons per minute through the plant, a total equal to 0.7% of the average tidal flow in the area.

The cooling water is heated to no more than 12'F and is discharged back to the Bay.

Cooling Water Intake EfTects When the first, comprehensive version of the Clean Water Act (P.L.92-500) passed in 1972, it included new law to protect aquatic resources from certain physical impacts of industrial water use. Section 316[a] addresses thermal discharges and 316[b] relates to the impact of cooling water intake systems.

Power plant cooling water intake systems include traveling screens and barriers to protect the condenser and other internal plant structures. Especially with once-through cooling systems (no cooling towers),

adverse environmental impacts can result from the withdrawal, heating and discharge of large amounts of water. The law requires that "the location, design, construction and capacity of cooling water intake structures reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact"(33 USC 1326). In the years since intake considerations have been pa.t of water discharge permit regulations, Maryland authorities have required studies and demonstrations to ensure that power plant operations have not unduly harmed the aquatic environment.

l Impingement describes a situation where organisms too large to pass through with the cooling water are trapped against the traveling screens and are killed or injured by the force of the water. Although fish are washed off the screens and returned to the surface water, injuries can lead to disease and a reduced

( ability to compete and survive. Impingement is one impact associated with cooling water intake systems I

that is addressed under Section 316[b].

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e ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Imningement - A Category 2 Issue The NRC rule (10 CFR 51.53[c][3][ii][B]) states, "If the applicant's plant utilizes once-through cooling or cooling pond heat dissipation systems, the applicant shall provide a copy of current Clean Water Act Q316[b] determinations...or equivalent State permits and supporting documentation. If the applicant can not provide these documents, it shall assess the impact of the proposed action on fish and shellfish resources resulting from... impingement..."

A number of factors encouraged the development of this paper:

e As a Category 2 issue, the analysis of impingement impacts requires site-specific information to satisfy the NRC environmental review process.

The CCNPP license renewal initiative is expected to generate public and regulatory interest regarding the environmental impacts of plant operation. Special attention may be given to the Chesapeake Bay and its resources.

While impingement impacts have been assessed by the permitting authorities, no formal regulatory actions have been taken since 1981. IIowever, the plant has created a 21-year record of monitoring and continuous improvement in the affected operating systems, e

The scientific record has not been summarized since 1989 and the complete impingement results have not been compiled until now.

Months before Unit I went into com nercial operation, scientists from the ANSP Benedict Estuarine Research Center began to assess impingement impacts. From 1975 through 1995, a full impact monitoring protocol was applied. Samples were systematically taken at all times so that data would reflect any differences between units and the influences of season, time of day and tides. Over the years, the methods were refined and data-gathering improved to produce more accurate assessments.

In 1981, a formal report was submitted to satisfy the requirements of Section 316 of the Clean Water Act [1]. 'Ihis report, along with continuing studies and regulatory evaluations of plant impacts, has supported subsequent renewals of the facility's discharge permit.'

After the 1981 Section 316 report, CCNPP continued to collect impingement data for 16 years. In addition, at least six different survival studies were conducted on impinged fish and crabs. The information presented in this report will cite 40 studies and other publications that document a 21-year period of monitoring. The record is one of the most extensive ofits kind in the utility industry.

METIIODS Although certain refinements have been made over the 21-year period of studies, the essential protocol has been as follows:

A 1.27 centimeter stretch mesh nylon collecting net was placed in the screen wash discharge trough and left in place for one hour. Collections were made at three-hour intervals over six-day periods alternating in a way that ensured that all hours of the day and all tidal events were sampled at each unit in two six-day sampling periods.

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit under $402 of the Clean Water Act.

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l ATTACIIMENT (1) l INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE i CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Impinged organisms were identified to species and the number of each species collected was counted. Up to 50 individuals of each species were measured, weighed and examined for external injuries. Coelenterates and ctenophores were estimated by counting three five-minute sub-samples each hour and extrapolating to obtain the number impinged per hour. This method was changed in 1988 to one that measured the volume of organisms captured.

The number and weights of sampled organisms were used to compute monthly estimates of impingement (with upper and lower confidence limits). The mean values were multiplied by the total number of operating hours in a month for each unit to produce monthly impingement rates for each species. The monthly totals were added to produce estimated impingement for the year.

(Variance estimates were included in the monthly and annual calculations but they are not presented

in this report.)

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l As the sampling protocol matured and area environmental conditions were understood, the methods were

modified and improved to yield more accurate estimates of impingement. Some of the changes also

! acted to increase the estimates ofimpingement.

l 1985 - Pump operating hours were used instead of unit operating hours to estimate monthly impingement. The change recognizes that pumps can be operating and impingement will continue to l occur when units are off-line.

! . 1986 - Raw counts were increased with an equation that adjuwed numbers and weights of fish

collected for the brief periods when the sampling net was removed from the return trough.

. 1988 - Gelatinous zooplankton estimated impingement was changed from numbers ofindividuals to a volume calculation.

. 1989 - Separate estimates of circulating water and salt water pump operations were initiated. More accurate impingement estimates resulted since the Salt Water System withdraws significantly lower j volumes of water.

Survival Studies In the months before Unit 1 began commercial operation, qualitative and quantitative studies had begun

! to determine survival of impinged organisms. At least six different studies on impingement survival  !

! were conducted at the CCNPP [10-13,15,16]. For detailed descriptions of the methods, the reader is referred to the original source documents.

e in the first year, organisms were transferred from the discharge trough to aerated tanks. By 1978, j I j larger retention pools were constructed at the end of the two intake screen wash sluiceways. This l l arrangement served to eliminate the additional stress fish experienced when they were netted and transferred to the observation tanks.

• Over a 96-hour period, organisms were observed and the number alive, dead and exhibiting loss of equilibrium (LOE) were recorded. Although alive, LOE makes the fish vulnerable to predation and is considered a category of mortality.

• After the first year, survival studies added objectives to determine the influence of specific conditions that might contribute to differences in mortality (e.g. Unit I vs. Unit 2; seasonal temperature; periodic vs. continuous screen rotation; day vs. night and alternative traveling screen technologies).

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ATTACIIMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 1

e The first study demonstrated that blue crabs and hogchokers (Trinectes maculatus) had survival rates greater than 99% [11]. The two species were not included in subsequent studies.

RFSULTS Imningement Counts Tables have been prepared that summarize 21 years ofimpingement studies at CCNFP. Documents that provide source material for the presentations are identified in the Literature Cited ee!!an. More specific information (e.g. annual impingement estimates) can be found in the annual AiGP reports, the contractor's Statistical Analysis System (SAS) raw data files that are kept at the plant and two multi-year summary reports [2,28]. Unfortunately, there is some variation in tla numbers from different sources.

Not all collection data (and subsequent impingement estimates) were obtained from the primary source material- the annual reports. Documentation in the earlier years did not present all of the information provided in later reports. An example is crab impingement which was not detailed in the early years, possibly because survival was so high and the impacts to the population were low. Also, finfish impingement by unit was not presented in the 1977-1981 reports [17-19, 27, 40]. The information for i this report was taken from a 9-year summary report [28]. While original source material was preferred, l secondary references were utilized if they contained data not found in the annual reports.

l Table I compiles the numbers of finfish and blue crabs collected in over 8800 hours0.102 days <br />2.444 hours <br />0.0146 weeks <br />0.00335 months <br /> of sampling. This j table also identifies the source material from which the annual numbers were taken. For the 21 years, the total numbers of fish species found each year range from a low of 20 (1987 & 1991) to a high of 51 in 1976.

Table 2 lists 73 species of finfish collected in impingement samples in each of the 21 years. Of the 73 species identified over the entire period, a total of eight species were collected in each of the 21 years while nine were found in only one of the years. In addition to noting the presence of the various species for each year, Table 2 identifies the five most abundant species collected every year. Over the period of record, a total of 14 species were counted among the five most abundant in each of the 21 years. Two species (bay anchovy and hogchoker) were in that number all 21 years. Five species (weakfish, threespine stickleback, skilletfish, summer flounder & northern searobin) were among the five most numerous only one year.

Table 3 compiles the numbers of gelatinous zooplankton estimated to have been impinged every hour during the period of record.

Table 4 presents the total estimated impingement of finfish for each unit and for the plant. Fish numbers and weights are given. Annual plant total numbers range from a low of 79,081 (1992) to over 9.6 million (1984). Although 13 of the 21 years produced estimates under one million fish, the average for the i period of record was 1.3 million. This was due largely to the 1984 number which, by itself, amounts to l more than one third of all the fish impinged in 21 years. Total estimated weights ofimpinged fish show l less variability with a range between 1298 kg (1992) and 18,649 kg (1983).

i Impingement of finfish was generally highest during spring and summer. Peak blue crab abundance was i

more variable with high numbers reported in the spring, summer or fall. In the earliest studies, no difTerences were apparent in the numbers of fish collected during the day and night nor were there relations between numbers and salinity or tide cycles [39]. However, as more large impingements were i

reported at night, an association with time of day began to emerge [18,27,38]. Since dissolved oxygen 5

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 l

l was highly correlated with impingement since 1975 (In 1975,7 of the 11 largest samples occurred when l oxygen was below 1.0 mg/l [39]), it eventually became apparent that the absence of primary production l at night can cause oxygen concentrations to drop to dangerous levels in some waters.

Another cause of episodic impingement is ' cold shock'. When weather conditions change suddenly and l water temperatures drop 3 to 4 C in a day or two, fish can be weakened and are more susceptible to impingement. Cold shock was identified as the cause for impingement events on December 21-22,1975 l [39] and November 20,1984 (License Event Report, December 10,1984).

Table 5 is a similar representation of estimated blue crab impingement. The table shows that data from all the years of operation were not developed. When both units operated, the lowest annual numbers were found in 1992 (219,110) and the greatest numbers were caught in 1984 (1.88 million).

Both tables appear to show considerable variation in the total numbers impinged between units and from one year to the next. However, the researchers who conducted the studies applied statistical treatments to the data and did not find any appreciable difference in the impingement rates of Unit I and Unit 2.

Often, the different numbers resulted because one unit operated more than the other and was sampled n . oflen. In 1984, the year with the highest total impingement, Unit I was sampled for 284 hours0.00329 days <br />0.0789 hours <br />4.695767e-4 weeks <br />1.08062e-4 months <br /> compared with 177 hours0.00205 days <br />0.0492 hours <br />2.926587e-4 weeks <br />6.73485e-5 months <br /> at Unit 2. Another factor that influenced the differences between units and the annual plant totals was the episodic impingement events. These concentrated collections of fish and crabs were essentially large numbers of weakened or dead organisms gathered together by the flow of the water and caught en masse in one intake or another.

Through the years, natural variability exerted a strong influence in the impingement record. The differences in seasons, temperature extremes, water quality, rainfall and the salinity variations that resulted all ultimately affect food supply and reproductive success.

l Survival Studies The survival studies began by refining the study protocols and determining individual species' mortality following impingement. Later investigations focused on variables and different conditions that might change mortality and survival.

! Most mortality occurred during the first 16 to 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />. It was suggested that the first survival studies overestimated mortality because the impact of collecting and holding organisms in the tanks contributed undue stress to the study cohort. Also, it was understood that the periodic high impingement events were caused by fish that were already stressed by low dissolved oxygen before they were impinged (See Discussion below). These fish were excluded from the survival studies.

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The 1975-81 studies considered 57 species and observed over 100,000 individuals to derive percent

! survival figures for each. Ilorwitz (1987) [28] gives the survival rates for all the species investigated.

! The survival of the 14 species that have in any year been among the five most nw erous fish collected is j noted below. Eleven of the 14 species demonstrated a survival rate of 50% or greaer.

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A'iTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Sped *= (No. vears among 5 ==a=* abu=dann Percent survival Alosa aestivalis (5) 47  !

Anchoa mitchilli(21) 68 Brevoortia tyrannus (l4) 52 i Cynoscion regalis(1) 38 Gasterosteus aculeatus (1) 91 i Gobiesoxstrumosus (1) 93 1 Leiostomus xanthurus (l6) 84 Menidia menidia(l1) 54 j Micropogonias undulatus (5) 19 l Paralichthys dentatus (1) 90 Prionotus carolinus (l) 50 \

Pseudopleuronectes americana (3) 93 Syngnathusfuscus (4) 85 Trinectes maculatus (21) 99 Generally, there were no significant differences in overall survival between Units 1 and 2. There were indications that temperature might influence survival for some species when less mortality occurred in warmer water [12] but this was not as pronounced for the abundant species [13]. Continuous screen rotation did not improve survival and while more fish were collected at night, survival estimates were not significantly different [13].

Using the percent survival numbers above and the estimated impingement for the five most abundant species from each annual report, estimated mortality for the most abundant species was calculated for each year. Mortality for the remaining impinged fish was assumed to be 50%. This figure can be considered reasonably conservative since 35 of the 57 species had survival above 75% and only six of the 57 species had survival below 50%. However, assumptions regarding the remaining fish may be inconsequential since, in 17 of the 21 years, the five most abundant species accounted for over 90% of the total impingement reported. Appendix B is a set of tables that, for each of the 21 years, shows the  !

l numbers collected for the most abundant species, estimated impingement for both units and the estimated mortality (impingement impact) based on the reported survival rates of the species. l Since adjustments for mortality might more accurately reflect the actual impingement impact of CCNPP, two additional tables have been prepared. Table 6 again presents the total annual finfish impingement figures from Table 4 and the estimated mortality calculations from Appendix B. The table suggests that

. the actual impact over 21 years was almost one fourth that of the estimated impingement. Table 7 provides a similar presentation for total blue crab impingement based on the survival rate reported in the I

first study at the plant [10] which was assumed for all subsequent discussions on the issue.

When the smaller mesh Royce screens were studied separately, survival did not differ significantly [15].

Curiously, although a separate analysis predicted increased impingement [14], the ANSP study did not confirm this. For the entire year (1981), there was a trend toward smaller individuals impinged on the smaller screens and, therefore, greater numbers caught. However, the results were not significant and were inconclusive, especially since the smaller screens were at the end of the intake against the embayment wall- an area that naturally attracts sea life.

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INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 -1995 l 1 DISCUSSION Summary Renorts Over the course of the 21-year study period, there were three reports that summarized multiple years of impingement research at Calvert Cliffs.

Clean Water Act Section 316 Study - After three years of commercial operation and impingement monitoring, a comprehensive study plan to formally evaluate the impacts of CCNPP was submitted to the 1

l Maryland Water Resources Administration. The analysis would support the [five year] renewal of the l r

NPDES permit. To satisfy Section 316, the plan addressed thermal, entrainment and impingement  :

impacts as required by the Maryland regulations (COMAR 08.05.04.13) which adopted the federal  !

rules.' Maryland rules require irnpingement losses to be based on the value of the species destroyed by l the intake structure.

t Impingement determinations considered the total estimated annual impingement adjusted for the mortality of each species. Using the survival studies conducted between 1976 and 1980 [11-13,16], a total of twelve species had sufficient numbers surveyed (greater than 300) to apply specific mortality rates. Impingement surveys for the three-year period, 1977-1979 were use for the analysis. All fish species that did not meet the survival studies' threshold were conservatively assumed to be a total loss (100% mortality). This was an overestimation of mortality since most of the species exhibited greater than 50% survival. I I

l The adjusted number of fish in each species estimated to have been killed due to impingement were then l valued using the Department of Natural Resources dollar figures found in COMAR 08.02.09.01. The values are further refined with weighting factors that distinguish species based on their commercial, recreational and forage status.

l The overall objective of the determination is to create a justification for the mitigation of impingement l losses. In Maryland, facilities are required to install functional modifications or otherwise compensate l

for lost resources if the capital and operational costs over five years is less than five times the annual value of the impingement loss. Based on the estimated mortality documented during the 1977-1979 period, the monetary loss due to impingement of finfish and blue crabs averaged less than $25,000 per year [1]. As a result of this study and the associated thermal, entrainment and representative important species [RIS] determinations, the plant's NPDES permit was renewed without requirements for capital l modifications (e.g. cooling towers) or mitigation. The permit has subsequently been renewed three times j with general regulatory acceptance of the original conditions and requirements.

l Ecological Studies in the Middle Reach of the Chesapeake Bay - In 1987, the ANSP and BGE published a book that addressed power plant impacts on all biota in the region of the Bay near Calvert Cliffs. l Although the impingement chapter [28] included most of the years captured in the Section 316 study [1]  !

and Breitburg (1989) [2], it did summarize the longest period of record,1975-1983. l The analysis used survival estimates and commercial fishing records for the same years to illustrate the comparatively small proportion of mortality that is represented by impingement - around 1% of the 1

With the reorganization of state govemment in 1987, the regulations, administered by the Maryland Department  !

I of the Environment, are now found at COMAR 26.08.03.03 .05.

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMEN/ OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAL'. POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 commercial catch for the species examined. When recreational fishing and other natural causes of mortality are considered, impingement's contribution to overall mortality is much smaller.

1989 Academy of Natural Sciences Trend Reoort - Given the focus on monitoring from the beginning of plant operation to the completion of the formal Section 316 studies in 1981, the ANSP produced another summary report which described the next five-year period, 1982-1986 [2]. The report confirmed that finfish impingement is highest during the spring and summer. During this period, four species - spot, bay anchovy, hogchoker and Atlantic menhaden, accounted for 91% of all fish impinged.

One of the more telling conclusions in the 1982-1986 analysis is taken verbatim from the Summary (p.11):

Most abundant species were impinged in significantly larger numbers during some years than during others. However, peak years of commercial catches and peak years of impingement did not coincide for any of the abundant species for which commercial catch data are available.

Instead, large impingements often resulted from fish kills associated with low dissolved oxygen concentrations.

Though not reported in the 1984 annual report [9], this summary indicates why the 1984 total estimated impingement was unusually high. On three days in particular, the hourly samples yielded extraordinary numbers. On June 24, over 140,000 spot, menhaden and bay anchovy were collected in one hour at Unit 1. On August 2, 12,650 blue crabs were collected in one hour at Unit 1. On August 28, over 146,000 spot were collected in one hour at both units. These anomalous catches became the basis for very large estimates for the month which, in turn, influenced the annual total that was reported.

In addition to the 1984 events, there were other impingement episodes that caused damage to the plant and apparently contributed to the high annual totals reported for those years:

. July & August,1975 - Several large episodes of 500,000 fish crush intake screens and force the shutdown of Unit 1 [30].

August 22-23,1975 - An estimated 630,000 Atlantic menhaden died in the embayment area [39].

. June 13,1978 - 71,557 fish collected in one hour and excluded from survival studies because of their poor condition at the time of impingement. Cause attributed to wind induced upwelling of low-oxygen bottom water [12].

• August 31 & September 14,1983 - Massive impingement causes outages and $1.7M in losses.

. July 11,1986 - Tide and wind re-introduces washed organisms into the forebay. Screen (12a/b) I failure results in Unit 1 power reduction. ,

in its founh cumulative impact report [32), the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Power Plant Review Program (PPRP) recogaized that episodic events account for a large proportion of the annual impingement estimates at facilities in the meschaline reaches of the Bay. Consequently, impingement impacts are less a function of volume of water pumped and more a matter of fish and crab abundance in the vicinity of the plant and stressful ambient conditions. The report acknowledges that the unusual events at CCNPP were related to low dissolved oxygen in the intake area.

9

i A'ITACIIMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 ,

I l

l Modifications to the Cooling Water Intake System Over CCNPP's cperating lifetime, there have been a number of initiatives that have sought to improve the performance and reduce the environmental impact of the intake and its associated systems. As events and experience dictated, structural and procedural changes have been tested and permanently installed. '

i l In 1979, the Traveling Screen Task Force was created to address overall screen effectiveness problems, especially clogging, carry-over and by-pass of organisms and debris. In 1981, two pair of Royce

" smooth tex" screens were installed and tested at intakes 25a/b and 26a/b. Prior to the installation, a i report was commissioned to consider the predicted performance of the screens (14]. The report suggested that the smaller mesh size would significantly increase impingement. The annual l impingement survey report [15] concluded that the Royce screens collected all species of fish at higher rates for two reasons - smaller mesh size and the screen position near the side wall of the embayment where fish are attracted to the surface and the life forms attached to it. Because of increased impingement numbers and certain mechanical failures, the screens were removed after a year and it was

! decided not to use the technology on other intakes.

l After two significant impingement episodes in 1983 (August 31 & September 14), the Fish Imningement l

, Task Force was established. By the end of 1984, travelini, screen problems and impingement events had l l cost the plant over $14M for repairs and replacement energy ($6M in 1984 alone). The goal of the Task j Force was to reduce the potential for impingement episodes that were significant enough to cause plant outages.

l l

In the next iew years, the group looked at ways to better detect fish concentrations in the embayment, l l ways to repel fish from the intake and embayment openings, mechanical and operational improvements i to the traveling screens and ways to better monitor and recognize the environmental conditions that lead to impingement episodes. BGE sponsored Horn Point Environmental Laboratory research into behavioral barriers for fish but repellent strategies have been shown to have limited success. The more significant activity focused on environmental awareness, alternative screen designs and improved screen t wash systems.

l Since the earliert impingement episodes, it was apparent that there was a correlation with stressful l environmental conditions. Beginning in 1976, the plant removed four curtain wall panels at die water surface to allow higher oxygen water into the embayment and create an escape route for fish. Except during periods of prolonged anoxic conditions, the oxygen gradient gave the fish some direction out of the intake basin. By the early 1980s, it was clear that a combination of specific environmental conditions should alert plant operators to the potential for impingement events. Warm weather, a thermally-stratified Bay and prolonged west or southwest winds can cause problems. When the wind moves the surface water toward the eastern shore, an upwelling of low dissolved oxygen water will cover a wide l area around the plant. During these times, stressed fish in the intake basin have no oxygen gradient to l follow away from the plant. In the mid 1980s, plant operators were oriented to the conditions that need their attention. When water temperatures are above 75 F, west or southwest winds persist for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> l

and intake water dissolved oxygen measurements fall below 2mg/1, certain actions are taken to alert personnel and prepare the traveling screens for extended operation.

After a number of damaging impingement events, traveling screen operations were improved with the addition of differential pressure sensors on both sides of the screens. If an intake screen is between

rotation cycles and debris builds to a point where the water level on the plant side of the screen is l

l l 10 l

l

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 8 inches lower than it is on the Bay side, the screens will automatically run, wash the debris and reduce the water level differences than can eventually damage the screen in extreme instances.

Between 1984 and 1986, a number of structural changes were made in the intake area. Better seals were installed to close the gaps on the sides and bottom of each traveling screen so that carry-over and by-pass are significantly reduced. The fish return system was improved with larger openings to facilitate j passage. Dual speed screens were installed at the intakes near the intake basin walls. The higher speed l option in the Beaudrey model (at intake lla/b) and the FMC screen (at 26a/b) has effectively managed  !'

the greater numbers of fish drawn to the end positions. By 1988, the screen wash system was modified with improved pumps and a second set of sprays with better nozzles to more effectively move material off the traveling screens. As a result, the overall performance and reliability of the system was improved.

Other Operational Modifications In addition to improving the intake equipment and its mode of operation, other changes have been made to reduce the risk of an impingement episode that might impact plant operations. During the warmer months, four panels at the surface of the curtain wall are removed and replaced with wire mesh screens to allow more oxygenated surface water into the embayment and to allow smaller fish to escape. In .

1995, during periods of warm water and low dissolved oxygen, ANSP personnel directed the installation I of water sprays onto the surface of the intake basin. Fish seem to be drawn to the safe areas and no unusual mortalities have occurred at times when low oxygen might stress the fish.

DNR Reoorts The Maryland Power Plant Research Program [PPRP] was established under the Power Plant Siting and Research Act of 1971. It exists to review and evaluate the potential impacts to Maryland's environment from the construction and operation of electric power generating and transmission systems. The agency takes particular interest in the resources of the Bay and the effects of CCNPP operations. Knowing the potential that impingement episodes have to involve large numbers of organisms, both PPRP and the Maryland Department of the Environment require written notices within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of an impingement event substantial enough to modify plant operations (NPDES Permit No. MD 0002399, Special Condition K).

Since its inception, PPRP has published nine reports that summarize the current knowledge of acute and cumulative impacts from electric utility facilities [29-37]. The reports note that the dominant fishes that are impinged are all abundant, ubiquitous species that occur throughout the meschaline regions of the Bay and its tributaries. Also, no important commercial or recreational species spawn in the mesohaline

zone.

In addition, trawl studies confirm that impingement is a non-selective cropping mechanism - species are impinged at a rate proportional to their abundance in the plant vicinity. Over the years, PPRP reports have compared impingement losses to commercial and recreational landings, natural die-offs, predation and the natural densities that some fish demonstrate in the region. The reports conclude that impingement losses are small compared to mortality from the other causes. Because the populations are

large, widely distributed and demonstrate the ability to survive impingement, the agency has maintained that impingement does not adversely affect the regional populations.

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11

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4 A'ITACHMENT (I)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE I CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 While no formal reanalysis of impingement impacts at Calvert Cliffs has been requested since 1981, the  !

Department of the Environment and PPRP have the authority to revisit impingement issues during any renewal of the NPDES permit. However, the PPRP reports have consistently affirmed that monitoring l

studies show impingement in the mesohaline regions of the Chesapeake Bay result in negligible l cumulative impacts.

l

SUMMARY

l Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant is a two-unit, pressurized water reactor, steam electric generating station located on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Calvert County, Maryland. The condenser cooling system includes 12 separate intakes with a total of 24 traveling screens.

Circulating water pumps move Chesapeake Bay water through the plant at a rate of 2.4 million gallons (4380 m') per minute.

Environmental studies in the vicinity of the plant began in 1968. The plant began commercial operation in May 1975. Investigations on the impacts of the cooling water intake structure have been conducted for 21 years since 1975.

. The proposed renewal of the power plant's operating license includes an environmental review under l l the National Environmental Policy Act. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidelines identify l 22 issues that require in-depth, site-specific assessments. Impingement impacts is one of the issues.

Impingement is a cooling system impact that occurs when aquatic organisms are trapped against the barriers that are used to protect internal power plant structures. While intake systems are designed to return organisms to the source water, impingement can injure and kill aquatic life.

. The Clean Water Act Section 316[b] addresses impingement and a formal demonstration was submitted to and approved by the Maryland Water Resources Administration in 1981. The impacts described were not significant and the authorities concluded that the location, design, construction ,

and capacity of the intake structure reflected the best technology available for minimizing adverse  !

environmental impact. l

. From 1975 to 1995, the Academy of Natural Sciences Benedict Estuarine Research Center sampled,  !

identified and measured impinged organisms. The program was designed to include all times of day j l

and night, tides and seasons. Methods were continuously refined to improve efficiency and the l I statistical accuracy of the estimated impacts. 1

. Separate survival studies were conducted to better understand the species-specific impacts of impingement and better estimate the mortality rates of the impinged organisms.

. The 21-year period of monitoring represents one of the most extensive records of its kind in the l utility industry. On average, over 400 hours0.00463 days <br />0.111 hours <br />6.613757e-4 weeks <br />1.522e-4 months <br /> of sampling was conducted every year and over l 70,000 fish and blue crabs were collected and identified.

. Finfish impingement was generally highest during spring and summer. Blue crab seasonal abundance varied with peaks exhibited in spring, summer and fall. Many large impingements of finfish were correlated with high temperature and low dissolved oxygen conditions in the intake water. These episodic events, where large numbers of stressed and dead fish were collected in brief periods, contributed to most of the large annual estimates reported.

. A total of 73 species of finfish were identified. Often, five species accounted for over 90% of the total numbers of fish collected in a year of sampling.

12

A'ITACHMENT (I) l INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 l

l Estimated impingement was calculated based on plant and circulating water pump operating times.

For finfish, the total plant annual impact averaged 1.3 million fish per year. Thirteen of the 21 years produced estimates under one million. One year (1984) accounted for over one third of all the estimated impingement for the entire period of record. '

Actual impingement impact is a function of organism survival. When total estimated impingement numbers are adjusted to account for the portion that actually survive the experience, the impact is i reduced by over 73%.  !

The total 21-year impingement of blue crabs was estimated to exceed 13 million (average of ,

628,000 per year) with four years producing estimates over one million. Ilowever, a l

99.46% survival rate suggests that the actual mortality could be fewer that 10 crabr, a day for the l 21-year period. '

I During the period of record, the plant's intake structures and operations were evaluated to prevent l impingements that would cause outages. Alternate screen designs were tested and modifications I were instituted. The results improved the performance and reliability of the system.

The Maryland Department of Natural Resources Power Plant Research Program is responsible for assessing the environmental impacts of utility operations in the state. The agency's cumulative impact repons have consistently concluded that Calvert Cliffs impingement does not represent a significant impact to fish populations in the mesohaline regions of the Chesapeake Bay.

Impingement losses are small compared with other causes of mortality - commercial and recreational fishing, natural die-offs and predation.

CONCLUSION )

In order to operate, the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant uses significant quantities of Chesapeake Bay 4 water. Impingement of aquatic life in the cooling water intake system has always been an impact of )

concern to BGE, the scientific community and the regulatory authorities. Twenty-one years of l investigations have lead federal and state regulators to conclude that impingement impacts have not been significant. This paper brings together the complete record of CCNPP impingement work and supports the conclusion presented in the Environmental Report - Operating License Renewal Stage that impingement impacts are relatively small and further mitigation is not warranted.

References

1. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1981. Assessment of thermal, entrainment and impingement impacts on the Chesapeake Bay in the vicinity of the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Report No. 81-10 prepared for Baltimore Gas & Electric Company,298 pp

2. Breitburg, D.L.1989. Trends in impingement of finfish and blue crabs at the Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant: 1982-1986, Report No. 89-12, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,30 pp

3. Breitburg, D.L. and J.H. Hixson,111.1986,1985 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 86-13, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,33 pp

4. Brietburg, D.L. and J.H. Hixson,111.1987,1986 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 87-7, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,37 pp 13

1 ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995

5. Breitburg, D.L. and J.H. Hixson.1989a.1987 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 89-18, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,29 pp

6. Breitburg, D.I . and J.H. Hixson.1989b.1988 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Gr Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 89-29, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,30 pp.

7. Breitburg, D.L. and J.H. Hixson.1991a.1989 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas & Electric Company, Report No. 91-11, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,30 pp

8. Brietburg, D.L. and J.H. Hixson.1991b.1990 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 91-16, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,25 pp

9. Breitburg, D.L.., J.H. Hixson, III and R.P. Gallagher. 1986, 1984 Impingement studies at Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 86-1, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,23 pp.

I

10. Breitburg, D.L. and T.A. Thoman.1986, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant finfish survival study for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Final Report No. 86-19, Academy of Natural ,

Sciences of Philadelphia,25 pp i l

11. Burton, D.T.1976. Impingement studies II. Qualitative and quantitative survival estimates of j impinged fish and crabs, pages 11.2-1 to 11.2-49 in Semi-annual environmental monitoring -

report for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, March 1976, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company i

12. Burton, D.T. and W.C. Graves.1979. Impingement studies II. Survival estimates of impinged fish, pages 11.2-1 to 11.2-23 in Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January - December 1978, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

13. Burton, D.T. and S.L. Margrey 1980. Impingement studies 2. Survival estimates of impinged fish, pages 9.2 1 to 9.2-28 in Non-radiological env;ronme 'al monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January - December 1979, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

14. Ecological Analysts, Inc.1980. Evaluation of the effects of the proposed Royce woven slot screen mesh on impingement at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant. EA Report BGE03R1

15. Gallagher, R.P., J.H. Hixson, III and M.F. Hirshfield.1982. Impingement studies 2. Survival estimates of impinged fish, pages 8.2-1 to 8.2-17 in Non-radiological environmental monitoring repon, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January - December 1981, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

16. Hirshfield, M.F. and J.H. Hixson, III.1981. Impingement stidies 2. Survival estimates of impinged fish, pages 9.2-1 to 9.2-9 in Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January - December 1980, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland 14

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMIENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 l

17. Hirshfield, M.F. and J.H. Hixson, 111. 1982. Impingement studies 1. Impingement counts, I pages 8.1-1 to 8.1-18 b Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs i Nuclear Power Plant, January-December 1981, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

18. Hirshfield, M.F., J.H. Hixson,111 and J.D. White.1980. Impingement studies 1. Impingement counts, pages 9.1-1 to 9.1-15 b Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January-December 1979, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

19. Hirshfield, M.F., J.H. Hixson,111 and J.D. White.1981. Impingement studies 1. Impingement counts, pages 9.1-1 to 9.1-14 b Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January-December 1980, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

20. Hixson, J.H., III and D.L. Breitburg, 1992.1991 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 92-11, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,13 pp. plus Tables

21. Hixson, J.H.,111 and D.L. Bre.itburg, 1993.1992 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 93-11, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphis,38 pp

22. Hixson, J.H.,111 and D.L. Breitburg, 1994.1993 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear  !

Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 94-28, Academy of Natural l Sciences of Philadelphia,41 pp

23. Hixson, J.H., Ill and D.L. Breitburg, 1995.1994 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 95-13, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,43 pp.

24. Hixson, J.H., III and D.L. Breitburg, 1996.1995 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 96-12, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,40 pp

25. Hixson, J.H.,111, M.F. Hirshfield and D.J. Hepner. 1983.1982 Impingement studies at Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 83-13, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,23 pp

26. Hixson, J.H., III, R.P. Morin and R.P. Gallagher. 1985,1983 Impingement studies at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant for Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Report No. 85-8, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,26 pp

27. Hixson, J.H., III, and J.D. White.1979. Impingement studies I. Impingement counts, pages 11.1-1 to 11.1-30 h Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calven Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January-December 1978, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

28. Horwitz, R.J.1987. Impingement studies, pages 254-269 h K.L. Heck (ed.), Ecological studies in the middle reach of Chesapeake Bay. Springer-Verlag, Berlin

29. Maryland Power Plant Siting Program.1975. Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact Report. Report PPSP-CEIR-1 15

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ATTACHMENT (1)

INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC OllGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 -1995  ;

30. Maryland Power Plant Siting Program.1978. Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact Report. Report PPSP-CEIR-2 I

31. Maryland Power Plant Siting Program.1982. Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact Report. Report PPSP-CEIR-3

32. Maryland Power Plant Siting Program.1984. Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact Report. Report PPSP-CEIR-4 *

33. Maryland Power Plant Siting Program.1986, Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact Report for Maryland. Report M 'SP-CEIR-5

34. Maryland Power Research Program.1988. Power Plant Cumulative Environmental Impact i Report for Maryland. Report PPRP-CEIR-6

35. Maryland Power Plant & Environmental Review Division.1991. Power Plant Cumulative ,

Environmental Impact Report for Maryland. Report PPER-CEIR-7

36. Maryland Power Plant Research Program.1993. Maryland Power Plants and the Environment.  !

Report PPRP-CEIR- 8/1. 82 pp '

37. Maryland Power Plant Research Program.1996. Maryland Power Plants and the Environment.

Report PPRP-CEIR-9/1.104 pp

38. Moore, C.1977. Impingement studies, pages Il-1 to 11-55 in Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January - December 1976, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland

39. Moore, C. and D. Martin.1976. Impingement studies 1. Impingement counts, pages 11.1-1 to  :

11.1-42 in Semi-annual environmental monitoring report for the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power l Plant, January-December 1975, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, Maryland  ;

40. Naiman, R.J., H.J. Hixson, III and B. Wilson.1978, impingement studies I. Impingement counts, pages Il-1 to Il-33 in Non-radiological environmental monitoring report, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, January-December 1977, Baltimore Gas and Electric Company, Baltimore, . Maryland L

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i ENCLOSURE (A) i I

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! TABLES I

1 Baltimore Gas and Electric Company Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant December 3,1998

4 ENCLOSURE (A) i TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 1 Total Numbers of finfish and blue crab collected each year at Units 1 and 2 during impingement studies, Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975-95 Total Finfish Total Finfish Total Blue Crabs Total Hours Reference i Speclea Collected Collected Sampled Source  ;

i 1975 41 79,403 11,884 344.0 (39) 1976 51 122,550 23,844 457.0 (38) 1977 38 27,617 16,307 472.0 (40) 1978 40 35,123

• 15,227 474.0 * '

(28) 1979 40 30,909 36,879 483.0 ( 28,18 )

1980 43 55.729 15,091 482.0 (28,19) 1981 37 46,225

• 51,257 472.0 (28,17) 1982 31 27,875 16,001 473.0 (25) 1983 46 55,313 33,683 489.0 (26) 1984 38 387,451 95,382 461.0 (9) 1985 34 16,379 23,183 424.0 (3) 1986 32 32,175 17,087 411.0 (4) 1987 20 15,084 9,875 224.0 (5) 1988 25 34,725 22,733 384.0 (6) 1989 24 16,472 4,065 278.0 (7) 1990 26 5,514 7,354 - 392.0 (8) 1991 20 10,234 15,225 442.0 (20) 1992 28 2,525 6,843 445.0 (21 ) l 1993 33 21,846 18,035 443.0 (22) i 1994 35 3,176 11,973 362.9 (23) 1995 27 3.885 4,294 390.5 (24) 21 Year Totals l 1,030,210l l 456,222l l 8,803.4l 21 Year l 34l l 40,058l l 21,725] l 419.2l Average Note: Unit 1 began commercial operation in 5/75; Unit 2 in 4/77; Unit 2 out of service 3/89 to 3/91.

Most data were derived from the annual summary reports. Certain Totals from 1978-1981 were available only in Ref. #28.

2

ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 2 Finfish Species Collected During Impingement Studies At Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975 - 1995 (the five most abundant taxa byn each year are noted with numbers) ,

TAXON COEMBON NAME 1975 l 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1962 1983 1984 1985 1986 1967 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1 Abse pestfrafts tWueback hemng X X X X 3 X X 4 X X 4 X X X X X X X 1 5 2 Adosa pseudoheremyus aW4 X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 Atuterus schoep6 orange filehsh X X X 4 Amepurus freeufosus brown bullhead X X 0 Anchos heprefus stnped anchovy X X X X Q Anchos mffch## bay anchovy 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 4 1 1 Arryu#fa restata Amencen eel X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 8 ApeNes truedracus four spined stdleback X X X X X X 9 Astoscopus gurtsfus northem stargazer X X X 10 Badrdfe#s cArysours sitver perch X X X 11 Brevoer9s fyrermus Atlantic menhaden 4 2 3 3 5 4 4 3 5 3 X S 3 5 4 X X X X X X 12 Carrtreprfstfs striate black sea bass X X X X X X 13 Chaefodipterus faber Atlan0c spadef'sh i X X 14 Cb.esmodes bosquienus stnped tWenny X X X X X X X X X X X X X 15 Cf..%..,;i m .schoops stnped burrfish X X 1Q Clupes harengus harengus Atlantic hemng X 17 Conger oceanicus conger eel X X X X 1Q Cynosceort nebufosus spotted ses trout X X X X X 19 Cynosclert repo#s weakfish X X X X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X 20 Cypretodon varfenefus sheepshead mennow X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 21 Dasystfs sayf bluntnose stnngray X X 22 Dorosoma cepedenum gtzzard shad X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 23 Esor triger cham pckerel X X 24 Esorrescutsfus eastem pickeret X 25 Fundufus empharte banded killiftsh X X X X X X 26 Fundutus heteroc#fus mummichog X X X X X X X X X X X X X 27 Furrdufus mafa#s stnped kiMsh X X X X X X X X X 2Q Gambusia amnts westem mosquitifsh X 3

ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 2 Finfish Species Co!iected During Impingement Studies At Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975 - 1995 (the five most abundant taxa from each year are noted with numbers)

TAXON COMMON MAME 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1961 1982 1983 19S4 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 29 Gasferesfeus ecs#sefus threespme sbckleback X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 3 X X X X 30 GoNesor strumosus skdietf:sh X X X X X X X X 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X 31 GoWosome bosci naked goby X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 33 Hippocampus erectus lined seahorse X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 33 ll,b._:^.us nocheNs Messrssippe silvery mmnow X 34 HypsoNermfut hentri feather blenny X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 35 fcfadurus pureciatus channel catftsh X X 36 Lagodort rhomboldes pmfrsh X 77 Ledosfowas ranmurus spot 3 1 2 5 4 2 3 X X 1 5 3 5 2 3 4 3 X X 5 X 38 Leporrris gettosus purnkmseed X X X X X X X X X

~

39 Lepomis rrracrocMrus oluegtli X X X X 40 Larssisparva ram-vreter fish X X 41 Membras martWes rough silvesde X X X X 42 Mersk.9a beryffes miand adversade X X X X X X X X X 43 MermWa menddis Atlante silverside X X X 2 X X X 5 X X X X 4 4 5 5 4 2 4 3 2  !

44 Merfuccius bf#neerfs spver hake X X X 43 ANeropogorvias art &4fus Atlante croaker 2 4 X X X X X X 1 X X X X X X X X 5 3 X X 46 Mororre americans white pertti X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 47 Morerse saratWs stnped bass X X X X X X X X X X 4Q Mugilcephalus stnped rnullet X X X X 09 Mugdf cereme white vnutiet X X X X X X 50 Ne .l,a.a crysofeucas golderi shmer X X X X 51 Notropis hutfsonius spetted snmer X 52 Opsanus tag oyster toadf!sh X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 33 Para #chtfrys dentatus summer flounder X X X X X X X X X 5 X X X X X X X X 54 Pepritus stepidorus nervestfish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 55 Peprrius trfacenthus Dutterfish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 56 Perca flavescens yellow pe'ch X X X X 4

ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CUFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 2 Finfish Species Collected During Impingement Studies At Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975 - 1995 (the five most abundant taxa from each year are noted with numbers)

TAXON CORMON NAlWE 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1961 1982 1963 1984 1965 1906 1967 1968 1999 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 57 Potomyrces marseers sea temprey X

$8 Pogorides crtuvvis tdadt drum X X 59 Pomefomus ssNefrfr blue 6sh X X X X X X X X X 60 Prfonofus caroNmts northem seerobm X X X X X X X X X X X 4 X X X X X X X 61 C _ _ _ m _ _. e. smericane wmter flounder X X 5 X X 5 5 X X X X X X X X 62 fWesode mergmets cusk esi X X X X X X K X 63 Scimenops ocessfe red drum X 64 Si+. ^._....;s aguosus

^

wmoowpene X X X X X 65 SJ.. __ _'.^.; meessisttrs northem puffer X X X X X X X X X X X X e6 Stenofocus enrysops scup X  !

X X X X X '

6/ Strongyfura morfne Atar*c neediehsrt X X X X X X X X X X he tongue 6sh X X X X X X

^

68 Syrnphesus pdogfuse X X X X X X 69 SyrignetPPus fuscus northem pepefish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 5 4 5 X 4 70 Synodtss fbesens mshore kzardfish X X X X X X X X X X 71 DRNurus fspfurtas Atlanbc cunassfish X X X X F2 frevectes macupefus hogchoker 5 3 4 4 2 3 2 1 2 4 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 3 78 Jrophycts reyfus spotted hake X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

• Total 5pecies f Yr. 41 51 38 40 40 43 37 31 46 38 34 32 20 25 24 26 20 28 33 35 27 l

5  ;

i

[

.e i

ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995

, Table 3 Total estimated impingement of gelatinous zooplankton ct.Ilocted at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2,1975 - 95 Year Unit 1(a) Unit 2(a) Units 1975 1,496 (b) Num/hr 1976 2,120 (b) Num/hr 1977 (c) (c) 1978 (c) .(c) 1979 2,476 1,166 Num/hr 1980 1,983 1,441 Num/hr 1981 1,797 2,645 Num/hr 1982 1,216 2,044 Num/hr 1983 1,455 8,146 Num/hr 1984 2,678 4,152 Num/hr 1985 3,322 7,609 Num/hr 1986 11,412 7,453 Num/hr 1987(d) 1,973 3,673 Num/hr 1988(e) 90.6 177.2 Uhr

~,

1989 188.4 (a) Uhr 1990 218.8 (a) Uhr 1991 58.6 107.9 Uhr 1992 123.4 252.6 Uhr 1993 63.8 102.7 Uhr 1994 72.7 44.3 Uhr 1995 55.9 78.3 Uhr i (a) Numbers taken from annual reports or SAS data sets on file at CCNPP.

l (b) Unit 2 began commercial operation 4/77 and was shut down from 3/89 to 3/91.

(c) Annual figures not determined in 1977 and 1978.

(d) January to July only.

(e) Prior to 1988, coelenterates and ctenophores were sampled separately and enumerated. After 1988, zooplankton impingement was expressed in volume i quantities. l

+

- g; 6 l l

ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 4 Total Estimated Annual Impingement of Finfish at Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 & 2,1975 - 1995 Year Unit 1 Unit 2 (a) Combined Total Number Weight (kg) Number Weight (kg) Number Weight (kg) 1975 1,765,202 8.508 - - 1,765,202 8,505 1976 2,223,373 11,196 - - 2,223,373 11,196 1977 (b) (b) (b) (b) 945,579 8,308 1978 350,900 3,663 692,876 7,417 1,043,776 11.080 1979 267,096 3,472 539,219 4,876 806,315 8,348 1980 591,995 6,887 961,870 9,257 1,553,865 16.144 1981 309.300 4,639 1,271,056 7.704 1,580,356 12,343 1982 327,961 3,377 508,465 5.214 836,426 8,591  !

1983 1,193,805 10,284 652,334 8,365 1,846,139 18,649 1984 9,070,057 12,849 601,205 5,410 9,671,262 18,259 l 1985 223.029 1,770 321,868 2,682 544,897 4,452 1986 773,732 9,761 472,418 6,215 1,246,150 15,976 1987 (c) 319,998 5,311 181,102 3,458 501.100 8,769 1988 144,310 1,788 720,506 7,825 864,816 9,613 1989 330,023 5.933 74,543 2,861 404.566 8,794 1990 129,412 2,578 - - 129,412 2,578 1991 72,988 1,156 191,072 5,216 264,060 6,372 1992 29,470 538 49,611 759 79,081 1,298 '

1993 298,240 3,968 414,706 3,562 712,946 7,530 1994 61,417 1,491 88,055 1,631 149,472 3.122  ;

1995 107,366 822 102,622 927 209.988 1,749 i

TOTAL l 18,589.674 l 99,991 l 7,843,528 l 83,379  ! 27.378,781 l 191,676 l AVERAGE 929,484 l 5,000 461,384 l 4,905 l 1,303,751 l 9,127 20 years 17 years 21 years (a) Unit 2 began commercial operation 4/77 and was shutdown from 3/89 to 3/91 (b) Estimates for 1977 not produced for each unit.

(c) 1987 Impingement data from January to July.

7

~i ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 5 Total estimated annual impingement of blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) at Calvert Cliffs Nut. lear Power Plant, Units 1 & 2,1975 - 1995 Year Unit 1 Unit 2 (a) Combined Total (b)

Number Weight (kg) Number Weight (kg) Number Weight (kg) 1975 294,975 (c) - - 294,975 (c) 1976 434,004 (c) - - 434,004 (c) 1977 (d) (c) (d) (c) 545,292 (c) 1978 (d) (c) (d) (c) 472,921 (c) 1979 (d) (d) 1,106,962 70,525 1980 (d) (d) 381,087 25,417 1981 (d) (d) 1,663,814 110,366 1982 272,257 4,397 222,718 7,687 494,975 12,624 1983 409,335 6,872 671,078 8.099 1,080,413 14,971  !

1984 1,346,361 11,267 537,258 7,522 1,883,619 18,789 1985 315.375 8,408 491,649 11.166 607,024 19,574 1986 378,569 17,925 304,132 14,947 682,701 32,872 1987 (e) 228,065 6,691 51,630 3,864 279,695 10,555 1988 167,177 8,596 510,897 15,807 678,074 24,403 1989 81,927 4,399 - - 81,927 4,399 1990 174,012 10,025 - - 174,012 10,025 1991 181,303 9,857 271,935 17,948 453,238 27,805 1992 80,352 8,581 138,758 11,349 219,110 19,930 1993 353,488 29,365 305.732 27,937 659,220 57,302 1994 250,584 12.339 297,042 11,394 547,626 23,733 1995 133,430 7,514 107,809 6,404 241,239 13,918 TOTAL l 13.181,928 l 497,208 l AVERAGE l 627,711 l 29,248 l 21 years 17 years (a) Unit 2 began commercial operation 4/77 and was shutdown from 3/89 to 3/91 ,

(b) Data taken from annual ANSP reports except for 1978 (from Reference 1).

(c) Studies from 1975 to 1978 did not produce total weights for the estimated impingement of blue crabs.

(d) Studies from 1977 to 1981 did not produce total estimated impingement for each Unit.

(e) 1987 Impingement data from January to July.

8

ENCLOSURE (A) l TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPJNGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 -1995 1

Table 6 Impingement of finfish on the cooling water intake traveling screens  !

at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975 - 1995 '

Total estimated annual impingement of finfish vs. total estimated mortality (a)

Total Estimated Total Estimated Percent of Impingement Impingement Mortality TotalImpingement 1975 1,765,202 725,007 41.1 1976 2,223,373 594,269 26.7 l

1977 945,579 266,673 28.2 1978 1,043,776 320,893 30.7 1979 ~ 806,315 284,544 35.3 1980 1,553,865 428,937 27.6 1981 1,580,356 345,341 21.9 1982 836,426 84,964 10.2 1983 1,846,139 760,664 41.2 1984 9,671,262 2,229,859 23.1 1985 544,897 207,681 38.1 1986 1,246,150 310,763 24.9 1987 501,100 130,380 26.0 1988 864,816 144,040 16.7 I 1989 404,566 93,163 23.0 l 1990 129,412 17,240 13.3 1991 264,060 29,337 11.1 ,

1992 79,081 26,419 33.4 l i

1993 712,946 199,533 28.0 1994 149,472 48,666 32.6 1995 209,988 65,883 31.4 TOTAL l 27,378,781 l l 7,314,259 l AVERAGE l 1,303,751 l l 348,298 l 26.7 l l (a) Mortality derived from survival studies [11-13,15,16] summarized in Horwitz,1987 [28]. Survival derived for the 5 most abundant species in each year's survey except for 1984 which used the 4 most abundant species.

Assumes 50% survival for all remaining species.(See Appendix B) l l

l

. 9 l

l i

4 ENCLOSURE (A)

TABLES INVESTIGATIONS OF IMPINGEMENT OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, 1975 - 1995 Table 7 Impingement of blue crabs (Callinoctes sapidus) on the cooling water intake traveling screens at the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant,1975 - 1995 Total est!wted annual impingement vs. total estimated mortality based on 99.46% survival rate reported by Burton (1976)

Total Estimated Total L++* mated impingement Impingement Mortality 1975 294,975 1,593 1976 434,004 2,344 1977 545,292 2,945 1978 472,921 2,554 1979 1,106,962 5,978 1980 381,087 2,058 1981 1,663,814 8,985 1982 494,975 2.673 1983 1.080,413 5,834 1984 1,883,619 10,172 1985 807,024 4,358 1986 682.701 3,687 1987 279,695 1,510 1988 678,074 3,662 1989 81,927 442 1990 174,012 940 1991 453,238 2,447 1992 219,t 10 1,183 1993 659,220 3,560 1994 547,626 2,957 1995 241,239 1,303 TOTAL l 13,181,928 71,185 l l l AVERAGE l 627,711 3,390 l l l 10

4 ENCLOSURE (B)

FIGURES I

i Baltimore Gas and Electric Company l Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant j December 3,1998 ,

l

_ _ . - . . . = _. . . _ _ - . - . . .

l l

APPENDIX (A) ..

CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLAST CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION i

l l

Baltimore Gas and Electric Company l Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant December 3,1998

7 i

APPENDIX (A)

CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT i CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Intake CSnnel - Design specifications for intake channel depths and widths are indicated on Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant Updated Final Safety Analysis Report, Figure 1-3A.

i Baffle Wall - 300 ft. out from Intake Structure; 560 ft. wide.

33 ft. tall [5' above the surface,28' below). 23 ft. clearance at center wall for bottom water withdrawal.

l Velocity sl/2 ft/sec.

Intake Structure - 6 separate subsystems per unit [ Total = 12]

Depth - 26 ft.

l Trash racks - 12 / unit [ Total = 24]; 2-1/2" spaces between steel bars i Traveling Screens - 12 / unit - Unit 1 = 11a/b - 16a/b; Unit 2 = 21a/b - 26a/b [ Total = 24]  !

Each screen is vertically-mounted; 44 [9.5' x 2'] trays with 3/8" wire mesh openings Cycle time - 4 screens,10 min /hr.; Speed - 10 ft/ min.

l All are FMC 'through-flow' screens except for lla/b [Beaudrey dual flow / dual speed (16.5 & 50 ft/ min); 0.391 in, wire mesh openings] and 26a/b [FMC dual speed (8.5 & 38 fl/ min)]

Screen Wash System - 4 pumps / unit (3 operating, I spare); 1560 gpm each j

1 trash trough pump / unit; 400 gpm each i i

Dual, high pressure sprays clean each traveling screen. Debris and organisms are washed via a trough system to two discharge points outside of the intake basin. l i

I Circulating Water Pcmps - Dry pit,1250 hp,200,000 gpm [ Total = 12]

Condenser - 3 shells / unit [ Total = 6]

16,500 tubes / shell [ Total = 99,000]

Design flow - 394,000gpm / shell [ Total = 2,364,000 gpm or 5400 cfs)

Maximum AT = 12*F Discharge- 4 conduits; 12.5' x 12.5' concrete pipes; 850 ft, offshore at north end of waterfront Velocity - 8.9 fl/sec.

l l

[ l l

l.

I 1

APPENDIX (B) l l

l 1

l l

l l

i FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 Percent survival estimates for the five most abundant species collected each year.

1 Total numbers collected and estimated annual impingement taken from each year's annual report. Percent mortality taken from Horwitz (1987) [28] summary of five earlier survival studies conducted at the plant.

l Mortality of all remaininj fish calculated at 50% (a conservative assumption since  !

most of the species studied exhibited >50% survival).

l l 1

l i

i Paltimore Gas and Electric Company Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant December 3,1998 l

i.

l APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 4

Estimated AnnualImpingement 1975 UnM 2 under

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 constructio Total  % Mort Est Mort n

28688 1 Anchoa mitchilli 672709 N/A 672709 32 215267 18737 2 Micropogonias undulatus 338531 N/A 338531 81 274210 13442 3 Leiostomus xanthurus 261964 N/A 261964 16 41914 12965 4 Brevoortia tyrannus 189873 N/A 189873 48 91139 3715 5 Trinectes maculatus 99154 N/A 99154 1 992 l Total 77547 Total 1562231 0 1562231 623522  !

i l Total 79403 r ( ll fish) l Top 5 % 97.7 Total finfish 1765202 1765202 impinged All remaining 202971 0 202971 50 101486 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 725007l l

Estimated AnnualImpingement 1976 UnR2 under

1. Collected Top 5 species collocud Unit 1 constructio Total  % Mort Est Mort i

71142 1 Leiostomus xanthurus 1280094 N/A 1280094 16 204815 23391 2 Brevoortia tyrannus 454209 N/A 454209 48 218020 11187 3 Trinectes maculatus 188367 N/A 188367 1 1884 5393 4 Micropogonias undulatus 106799 N/A 106799 81 86507 4489 5 Anchoa mitchilli 77271 N/A 77271 32 24727 Total 115602 Total 2106740 0 2106740 535953 Total 122550

(;ll fish)

Top 5 % 94.3 Total finfish 2223373 N/A 2223373  ;

All re a ng 116633 0 116633 50 58317 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 594269l 1

I 1

l l

APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 Estimated AnnualImpingement Unit 2 began f

operating i 1977 4/77. Units 1 and 2

1. Collected Top 5 species collected reported together. l Total  % Mort Est Mort  !

11123 1 Anchoa mitchilli - -

382254 32 122321

! 4300 2 Leiostomus xanthurus - -

141741 16 22679

! 4003 3 Brevoortia tyrannus - -

136963 48 65742 3417 4 Trinectes maculatus - -

121015 1 1210 2089 5 Pseudopleuronectes americana - -

62983 7 4409 ,

Total 24932 Total - -

844956 216361  !

Total 27617 (all fish) l Top 5 % 90.3 Total finfish - -

945579  !

Impinged All remaining - -

100623 50 50312 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 266673l l

1978 Estimated AnnualImpingement I

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort '

10692 1 Anchoa mitchilli 66845 265958 332803 32 106497 I 7123 2 Menidia menidia 149910 16158 166068 46 76391 5286 3 Brevoortia tyrannus 20853 148222 169075 48 8115S 4962 4 Trinectes maculatus 86033 74460 160493 1 1605 4692 5 Leiostomus xanthurus 13306 140885 154191 16 24671 Total 32755 Total 336947 645683 982630 290320 Total 35123

(:ll fish)

Top 5 % 93.3 Total finfish 350900 692876 1043776 impinged All remaining 13953 47193 61146 50 30573 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 320893l 2

7. _ . . . _ _

APPEhPIX (B) l FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1979 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 10287 1 Anchoa mitchilli 51315 188553 239868 32 76758 5229 2 Trinectes maculatus 29990 92532 122522 1 1225 3616 3 Alosa aestivalis 61177 69321 130498 53 69164 2536 4 Leiostomus xanthurus 14699 38596 53295 16 8527 l 2187 5 Brevoortia tyrannus 35564 24261 59825 48 28716 Total 23855 Total 192745 413263 606008 184390 Total 30909 i (:11 fish)

Tzp5 % 77.2 Total finfish 267096 539219 806315 Impinged l

All remaining 74351 125956 200307 50 100154 fish l

j Total Estimated Mortality l 284544l l

l 1980 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort  !

29691 1 Anchoa mitchilli 221565 484838 706403 32 226049 8687 2 Leiostomus xanthurus 74917 173567 248484 16 39757 ,

6770 3 Trinectes maculatus 126887 118836 245723 1 2457 l 6026 4 Brevoortia tyrannus 107336 99726 207062 48 99390 710 5 Pseudopleuronectes americana 20227 7244 27471 7 1923 Total 51884 Total 550932 884211 1435143 369576 Total 55729 l ('_Il flah)

I Tcp 5 % 93.1 Totalfinfish 591995 961870 1553865 impinged l All remaining 41063 77659 118722 50 59361 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 428937]

l l

l l

3

APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1981 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 20135 1 Anchoa mitchilli 54860 359114 713974 32 228472 13738 2 Trinectes maculatus 158426 296641 455067 1 4551

( 6398 3 Leiostomus xanthurus 22076 195802 217878 16 34860 1473 4 Brevoortia tyrannus 18316 33134 51450 48 24696 <

l 1218 5 Pseudopleuronectes americana 13985 28413 42398 7 2968 Total 42962 Total 267663 1213104 1480767 295547 j Total 46225 (all fish)

Top 5 % 92.9 Total finfish 309300 1271056 1580356 impinged All remaining 41637 57952 99589 50 49795 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 345341l 1982 Estimated Annualimpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 21647 1 Tnnectes maculatus 275556 382202 657758 1 6578 2426 2 Anchoa mitchilli 14778 39911 54689 32 17500 1291 3 Brevoortia tyrannus 6549 38614 45163 48 21678 590 4 Alosa aestivalis 7369 13146 20515 53 10873 J 568 5 Menidia menidia 7873 12532 20405 46 9386 l Total 26522 Total 312125 486405 798530 66016 Total 27875

(;ll fish)

Tcp 5 % 95.1 Total finfish 327961 508465 836426 Impinged All remaining 15836 22060 37896 50 18948 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 84964l l

i t

l l 4 i

i APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1983 Estimated Annualimpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 19866 1 Micropogonias undulatus 639467 31166 670633 81 543213 15375 2 Trinectes maculatus 238386 301908 540294 1 5403 13429 3 Anchoa mitchilli 210467 220350 430817 32 137861 2254 4 Gobiesox strumosus 29056 33809 62865 7 4401 1497 5 Brevoortia tyrannus 26659 22298 48957 48 23499 Total 52421 Total 1144035 609531 1753566 714377 Total 55313 (Ell fish)

Top 5 % 94.8 Total finfish 1193805 652334 1846139 impinged All remaining 49770 42803 92573 50 46287 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 760664l 1984 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 4 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort ~

174896 1 Leiostomus xanthurus 5457370 123991 5581361 16 893018 113362 2 Anchoa mitchilli 1759353 170412 1929765 32 617525 61470 3 Brevoortia tyrannus 1154372 41592 1195964 48 574063 25972 4 Trinectes maculatus 469659 217753 687412 1 6874 Total 375700 Total 8840754 553748 9394502 2091479 Total 387451

(:.11 fish)

Top 4 % 97.0 Total finfish 9070057 601205 9071262 impinged All remaining 229303 47457 276760 50 138380 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 2229859l l

5

APPENDIX (B) l FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT l 1975 - 1995 1

1985 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 7289 1 Anchoa mitchilli 55850 172217 228067 32 72981 1825 2 Cynoscion regalis 29796 38029 67825 62 42052 1285 3 Trinectes maculatus 10816 32070 42886 1 429 1140 4 Alosa aestivalis 28351 12937 41258 53 21883 l 1096 5 Leiostomus xanthurus 28566 6961 35527 16 5684 Total 12635 Total 153379 262214 415593 143029 Total 16379

(:11 fish)

Top 5 % 77.1 Total finfish 223029 321868 544897 impinged All remaining 69650 59654 129304 50 64652 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 207681l 1986 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort

[ 11399 1 Anchoa mitchilli 206613 240845 447458 32 143187 8875 2 Trinectes maculatus 226173 90507 316680 1 3167 j 5469 3 Leiostomus xanthurus 168696 54440 223136 16 35702 '

3161 4 Priontus carolinus 98162 32646 130808 50 65404 854 5 Brevoortia tyrannus 21241 15131 36372 48 17459 i

Total 29758 Total 720885 433569 1154454 264918 Total 32175 l (;ll fish) l Top 5 % 92.5 Total finfish 773732 472418 1246150 impinged All remaining 52847 38849 91696 50 45848 fish i

Total Estimated Mortality l 310766l 6

APPENDIX (B) ,

FisII IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT TIIE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1987 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 6595 1 Anchoa mitchilli 129186 43643 172829 32 55305 4108 2 Trinectes maculatus 91914 74615 166529 1 1665 3157 3 Brevoortia tyrannus 70222 50398 120620 48 57898 485 4 Menidia menidia 10758 1826 12584 46 5789 294 5 Leiocomus xanthurus 8128 5242 13370 16 2139 Total 14639 Total 310208 175724 485932 122796 Total 15084 (111 fish)

Top 5 % 97.0 Total finfish 319998 181102 501100 impinged All remaining 9790 5378 15168 50 7584 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 130380l 1988 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 14673 1 Trinectes maculatus 16650 308250 324900 1 3249 12778 2 Leiostomus xanthurus 26788 287979 314767 16 50363 3446 3 Anchoa mitchilli 36986 15081 112067 32 35861 1695 4 Menidia menidia 32314 7275 39589 46 18211 597 5 Brevoortia tyrannus 9981 9555 19536 48 9377 Total 33189 Total 122719 688140 810859 117061 Total 34725

(;Il fish)

Top 5 % 95.6 Total finfish 144310 720506 864816 Impinged All remaining 21591 32366 53957 50 26979 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 144040l 7

.. .- -. - -. - . - - . . - _ - - - . _ _ , . . - . . ..__ ..-.~ -.- ,

APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1989 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 6540 1 Anchoa mitchilli 134306 338 134644 32 43086 6140 2 Trinectes maculatus 129174 0 129174 1 1292 1534 3 Leiostomus xanthurus 38873 19883 58756 16 9401 1489 4 Brevoortia tyrannus 12445 44541 56986 48 27353 358 5 Menidia menidia 7358 4437 11795 46 5426 Total 16061 Total 322156 69199 391355 86558 Total 16472 (Lil fish)

Top 5 % 97.5 Total finfish 330023 74543 404566 impinged All remaining 7867 5344 13211 50 6606

• fish Total Estimated Mortality l 93163l Estimated AnnualImpingement 1990 Unit 2

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Shut Down Total  % Mort Est Mort 2829 1 Trinectes maculatus 69871 N/A 69871 1 699 967 2 Anchoa mitchilli 21968 N/A 21968 32 7030 649 3 Gasterosteus aculeatus 12312 N/A 12312 9 1108 487 4 Leiostomus xanthurus 12164 N/A 12164 16 1946 126 5 Menidia menidia 2270 N/A 2270 46 1044 Total 5058 Total 118585 0 118585 11827 Total 5514

(:11 fish)

Top 5 % 91.7 Total finfish 129412 N/A 129412 impinged All remaining 16827 0 10827 50 5414 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 17240l I

i 8

\

1 APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 3 1975 - 1995 l 1991 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 7432 1 Trinectes maculatus 28126 152160 180286 1 1803 1703 2 Anchoa mitchilli 30238 20151 50389 32 16124 391 3 Leiostomus xanthurus 3114 7512 10626 16 1700 169 4 Menidia menidia 3683 2883 6566 46 3020 147 5 Syngnathus fuscus 1471 2550 4021 15 603 Total 9842 Total 66632 185256 251888 23251 Total 10234

(;ll fish)

Top 5 % 96.2 Total finfish 72988 191072 264060 Impinged All remaining 6356 5816 12172 50 6086 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 29337l 1992 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit i Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 1182 1 Anchoa mitchilli 10461 22453 32914 32 10532 441 2 Menidia menidia 7324 9282 16606 46 7639 i 413 3 Trinectes maculatus 4837 7919 12756 1 128 l 96 4 Syngnathus fuscus 684 2484 3168 15 475 81 5 Micropogonias undulatus 1454 1211 2665 81 2159 Total 2213 Total 24760 43349 63109 20933 l

Total 2525 (til fish)

Top 5 % 87.6 Total finfish 29470 49611 79081 Impinged All remaining 4710 6262 10972 50 5486 l fish Total Estimated Mortality l 26419l 9

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l.

APPENDIX (B) l FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1993 Estimated AnnualImpingement l # Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 11920 1 Anchoa mitchilli 92784 323428 416212 32 133188

,. 5425 2 Trinectes maculatus 115023 71959 186982 1 1870 l 2494 3 Micropogonias undulatus 49403 54 49457 81 40060 652 4 Menidia menidia 13874 5041 18915 46 8701 479 5 Syngnathus fuscus 9883 4332 14215 15 2132 Total 20970 Total 280967 404814 685781 185951

Total 21846

( (:llfish)

Top 5 % 96.0 Total finfish 298240 414706 712946 Impinged All remaining 17273 9892 27165 50 13583 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 199533l l

l 1994 Estimated AnnualImpingement j # Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort j 885 1 Alosa aestivalis 13955 22931 36886 53 19550 606 2 Trinectes maculatus 18325 21090 39415 1 394 l 499 3 Menidia menidia 3105 11345 14450 46 6647 463 4 Anchoa mitchilli 7445 13910 21355 32 6834 '

I 145 5 Leiostomus xanthurus 6602 3520 10122 16 1620 Total 2598 Total 49432 72796 122228 35044 Total 3176 (Lil fish)

Top 5 % 81.8 Total finfish 61417 88055 149472 impinged All remaining 11985 15259 27244 50 13622 fish

[. Total Estimated Mortality l 48666l i

10

. 1 APPENDIX (B)

FISH IMPINGEMENT MORTALITY AT THE CALVERT CLIFFS NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1975 - 1995 1995 Estimated AnnualImpingement

1. Collected Top 5 species collected Unit 1 Unit 2 Total  % Mort Est Mort 2728 1 Anchoa mitchilli 74321 78010 152331 32 48746 310 2 Menidia menidia 7191 6177 13368 46 6149 301 3 Trinectes maculatus 8246 8620 16866 1 169 172 4 Syngnathus fuscus 5253 3358 8611 15 1292 102 5 Alosa aestivalis 2265 1777 4042 53 2142 Total 3613 Total 97276 97942 195218 58498

- Total 3885 (allfish)

Top 5 % 93.0 Total finfish 107366 102622 209988 impinged All remaining 10090 4680 14770 50 7385 fish Total Estimated Mortality l 65883l 11

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