ML20093G154
| ML20093G154 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | 05000142 |
| Issue date: | 07/20/1984 |
| From: | Hirsch D COMMITTEE TO BRIDGE THE GAP |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8407230347 | |
| Download: ML20093G154 (14) | |
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. , QQ CCMMITTEE TO 3 RIDGE THE CAP July 20,19M 1637 Eutler Avenue, suite 203 000KETED Los Angeles, California 90025 UN (213) 478-0829
'84 J0. 23 M1 :00 UNITED STATES CF APERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY CCFJIISSION
_BEFORE THE COMMISSION In the Patter of f Docket No. 50-142 (2,206 THE RECENTS OF THE UNTIERSITY (Proposed Renewal of (UCIA Research Reactor) Facility License) WITHDRAWAL CF JUNE 22 EFERCENCY FETI"TCN FOR CFF-SHIPPENT OF UCLA REACTOR FUEL PRICR TO ARRIVAL CF CLDTIC ATHLETES (UCLA Olympic Village Has Opened Without Commission Action: Petition Now Moot) I. Introduction Cn July 16,19%, the following message was provided to the NRC Secretariat: The Commission's failure to act on the Committee to Bridge the Cap's June 22 Emergency Petition prior to the opening of the UCLA Olynpic Village--which occurred last weekend--makes moot that Petition, which had requested offshipment of the UCIA reactor fuel prior to the arrival of the Olympic athletes. CBG therefore withdraws the Fetition as moot. Written confirmation will follow. This document represents said confirmation. II. Background Cn June 22, the Committee to Bridge the Gap (CBG) filed an Emergency l Fetition with the Commission asking that it enforce an agreement reached between the parties to the UCIA reactor proceeding and ordered by that Board, a stipulation with which UCLA declined to comply and which the Board declined to enforce. That agreement had been that the hearing on the adequacy of UCLA's j security to protect its Special Nuclear Fhterial, particularly during the 9407230347 840720 PDR ADOCK 05000142 Q PDR hh ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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) uniquely sensitive period of the Olympicsk would be suspended on condition 2 that every effort be made to remove the Special Nuclear Faterial, the subject of the hearing, from the UCu site prior to the arrival of the Olympic athletes. On the ksis of the stipulated condition, the hearing was cancelled-hearings i which the Board had previously pledged to complete prior to the Olympics j so that any necessary security upgrading could be in place prior to that ! period of elevated risk. In short, in exchange for not resolving the security matters prior to the Olympics, UCu agreed to remove the risk (the SNM), .
"before the Olympics if possible."
1 I j 'Ihe particular security concern in question was that sabotage risks i from terrorist acts were particularly high due to the proximity ef the UCu f } reactor a few hundred yards from m e of the main Olympic Villages and Cames 1 : { sites, ksed at UCu, and that the reactor had been widely identified as a t f likely target of terrorist attack at the Olympics. . I ! s i ' j ' lj UCLA withdrew its application for license renewal one week before the security hearings were to commence, announcing it would permanently close the reactor facility and decomrission it. See letter of June 14 from Chancellor Young to Chairman Falladino. t
- Z/ "he stipulation was recited, and the condition ordered, in the Board's j Eemorandum and Orter of June 18.
1 M See, for example, Newsweek and Playboy articles, esched. Expert ] testimony from two former intelligence agents and an expert in intentional i destruction of nuclear facilities was scheduled for the week of Juno 25 1 to detail, the seri ous nature of this threat. That testimony, as well as I other testimony detailing the extraordinary security weaknesses at the facility, was never served (and thus never heard) because of the cancelling of the hearing prior to the due date for such service. j Z
l
~3-CBG had contended, in Contention XX, that security at the UCLA reactor site was grossly inadequate, both to protect against theft of its weapons-grade uranium armi to protect against radi ological sabotage.
Radiological sabotage was of particular concern, it was cade clear during the inherent safety hearings in 1983, because of the densely populated area, lack of exclusion zone and lack of containment structure, vastly elevating potential radiological consequence because the m terials of reactor construction (primarily graphite and mgnesium metal), as well as the aluminum-uranium eutectic of the fuel itself, were combustible, making a Windscale-type fire through arson or use of incendiary devices a very serious hazard because the very large amount of excess reactivity made an SL-1 type destructive power excursion possible, involving extensive fuel ' melting, steam explosion, and reactor disassemblyk the fuel was vulnerable to dissolution through intentional addition of acids or alkali chemicals to the reactor coolantk and because use of explosives, for example through insertion in the reactor's irradiation ports to within inches of the fuel, could do severe mechanical damage to the fuel which could result in substantial fission product release. S/ See, for example, Fanel "1" testimony from October 1983 inherent safety hearings. f/ See affidavit from Professor James C. Warf, November 17, 1982, and Fanel II from 1983 inherent safety hearirgs. {/ See declaration of Boyd Norton, formerly Group Imader of the SPERT project, and Fanel I testimony,1983 safety hearings. 7/ See Panel II tectimony,1983 safety hearings, and UCLA Application, p. III/8-8 ' f/SeePanelIIItestimony,1983safetyhearings. i I____.___________.______.__________________________________________._______________.___________._____._____._
i Estimtes of doses to the public due to any of these potential core disruptions were very high, due to lack of containment structure and exclusion zone and the dense population immediately surrounding the reactor room itself and extending out for miles through Los Angeles. The lack of containment and exclusion compensated for the smiler inventory in terms of doses in unrestricted areast the recent shutdown and other actions have not removed the sabotage risk, as the long-lived isotopes and sabotage scenariossuchasthoseinvolvingincendiaries/arsonareunaffected. CEG's Contention XX, to be the subject of the now-cancelled security hearing, alleged that physical security at the UCu reactor faciliity was grossly insufficient, particularly to protect against sabotage, ard particularly during the Olympics. UCR had asserted that its security plan "is not desigred to provide ;rotection against sabotage" and the Staff had asserted it had not required any such protection. (These st.atements were later found by the Soard to have been material false statements, although the Board declined to find them intentionally so. The accusation occurred after the Board gained access to the UCu security plan and the Staff's scurity inspection reports ard found sabotage protection throughout: subsequently Staff has admitted sabotage protection had been required since at least 1974 b and that even the 1984 inspection manual requires such protection. jo See January 8,1983. declaration by Dr. Jan Beyea, and Fanel IV direct and rebuttal testimony at the Cetober 1983 inherent safety hearings, which estimates, using the standard NRC Reg. Guides for dispersion ard the ANSI standani for site evaluation for research reactors, doses in excess of legal limits for research reactors going out several kiloneters through highly populated parts of Ios Angeles, ard extrenely high doses in unrestricted areas near the reactor on campus. 10/ See Panel IV rebuttal, A1, from ir.herent safety 1983 hearings. 11/ UCu August 25, 1983, Response in Support of NBC Staff Petition for Reconsiden tion of the Licensing Board's Femorandum and Order Ruling on Staff's 1iotion for Summary Disposition. 12/ See citations in Board's February 24, 1984, Eemorardum and Order lg See Board Orders of April 13 ard June 5,1984, plus 2/24/S4 1_4/ See declaration of NRC's Donald Carlson of January 10, 1984, p. 7 l g See Farch 16, 1984, letter from Staff Counsel Woodhead
In May, and again in October, the Board denied motions for i summary disposition of Contention XX, setting the contention for hearing. Because time was getting short before the Olympics, CBC requested the Board, as a precautionary measure to keep open its option, order preparatory steps be taken in case, after hearing, the Board should decide the UCLA fuel must be removed prior to the Olympics. Se Board declined to do so, asserting it could not even take the precsutionary step of ordering preparatory steps without completion of the security hearings. It took, however, official notice
; of the level of terrorist activity and the " unfortunate fact that Olympic l Canes may provide a focus for such activity." Noting that the "UCIA Argonaut is located in the midst of the 1984 Olympic Games," the Board pledged to f expedite resolution of Contention XX to the maximum extent possible and ; reach a timely determination.
i Hearings were delayed for several months when the Board suspended the proceedings to resolve its accusations against Staff and Applicant , counsel on the nisconduct question, but then evidentiary hearings were 1 1 re-scheduled to commence in Washington, D.C., to hear testimony on issues } related to risks of theft of UCIA's weaponsede uranium, to begin June 21, 1 and then to resume in Los Angeles the week of June 25 to hear testimony i i 3 primarily on sabotage and Olympics issues. 2e Board pledged to reach a decision in time to put any additional security measures that might be found ' necessary in place before the Olympics. One *#eek before the hearings were to begin, UCIA withdrew its
- application for re-licensing and requested the hearings te suspended as now j moot. Rey did this, thus, after the bulk of the safety hearings but before
, Motion of December 27, 1983 i 1 Order of January 18, 1984 ibid. , a t 6 id. at 6 4 See UCLA motion for hearing suspension, June 143 motion for application withdrawal, June 14
~ ~
l any final determination of the safety issues, and one week before the ! security hearirgs were to begin. In fact, five of CBG's seven witnesses had not yet even filed their testimony on the sabotage /Olyppics natters, as the University withdrew its application shortly before testimony was to be served. The Board had ruled genuine issues were in dispute as to the adequacy of UCLA's security, matters that would require a hearirs, but the hearing was suspended in response to the application withdrawal and no evidentiary ruling whatsoever on the sufficiency of UCLA's security has resulted. CBG agreed to UCLA's proposal to cancel the scheduled security hearings, on the condition-to which UCIA ani Staff stipulated-that the fuel be shipped off as soon as possible, before the Olympics if possible. That stipulation and condition were included in the Board's June 18 Memorandum and Order, and on that tasis, the hearings which were to occur before the Olympics were cancelled on the assumption that the driving force behind having the hearirgs before the Olympics-the presence of the fuel on site during that period-would if at all possible be removed. On June 19 UCLA announced it would not comply with the stipulation reached on June 15 ard included in the June 18 Orders on June 20 UCIA's counsel declined to participate in a conference call with the Board and parties to resolve the catter; and on June 22 the Board vacated its June 18 Crder regarding the Olympics, but naintained the suspension of the security hearings which had been premised thereon. It did so on its own motion, without an opportunity for CBG to make known its views on the matter. 22/ See Order of June 18 2)/ In a Memorandun of June 25, the Board explained its vacation of its previous Order (the portion oMering the stipulated-to condition to hearing suspension, leaving. untouched the hearing suspension itself) as asserting CBG had not met its burden. CBG notes that the motion before the Board had been UCIA's for suspension, for which it had the barden of proof, ani that. UCLA's refusal to permit a conference call r:garding enforcing the 3 card Crder led to a situation where CBG was not even permitted to make an enforcement motion, 1st alone respond to any sa, sponto consideration of vacation.
l When UCLA failed to comply with the stipulation made in exchange for termination of the security hearing, and when the Board issued a new , order vacating its previous order instead of enforcing it (but not, as indicated above, vacating that portion of the previous order which suspended the security hearings on the tasis of UCIA's pledge), CBG appealed the Stard's decision directly to the Commission because of the emergency created by the tight frame. 'Ihree weeks remained before Olympic Village opened at UCIA (despite implications to that effect in the Board's June 25 F4morandum, the issue'was removing the fuel prior to the opening of Olympic Village, certainly not during the time the athletes were in residence). Whereas those three weeks prior to the athletes moving in was sufficient time to remove the fuel if the Commission acted quickly, it wculd not be if Conmission action were delayed. CBC therefore raquested in its June 22 Emergency Petition to the Commission that oral briefing be held on June 25lor 26, with an immediate decision to issue thereaf ter. 4 III. Iack of Commission Action Moots Petition: Withdrawn Over three weeks have passed since the Emergency Petition was filed. The Conmission did not schedule oral argument, nor take any other action. Olympic Village opened up last weekend at UCIA, and the athletes have now moved in. C3G's Emergency Petition-which requested offshipment
, before that dato--is now obviously moot. CBG withdraws it on that basis, and pray that the lack of action will not result in any untoward events at the Olympics.
dated the 20th of July,1984, Re pectf jy [' ed
' c/,
at Ben Iomond, California [ irscg 11 2M A 2.206 Fetition with the Staff was not filed because of the yet unresolved misconduct charges a6ainst the Staff on this issues it is CBG's understanding that the CIA report oA the matter is now before the Commission.
i . UNITED STA1ES (F AMilRICA NUCIEAR RliCUIATORY COMMISSION BEFORE TE C010'ISSION \ In the Matter of ! Docket No. 50-142 THE RECENTS OF T!E UNIVERSITY t CF CALIFORNIA (Proposed Renewal of ; Facility License) ! (UCIA Research Reactor) i DECIARATION OF SERVICE I hereby declare that copies of the attached CBG Withdrawal of June 22 : Emergency Petition for Off-Shipment of UCIA Reactor Fuel Prior to Arrival of Olympic Athletes in the above-captioned proceeding have been served
- on the following ly deposit in the United States sail, first class, postage i t
prepaid, addressed as indicated, on the 20th of July,1984: l e I Chairman Palladino Christine Helwick I l Commissioner Roberts C1enn R. Wooda. Comnissioner Asselstine CFfice of General. Counsel Commissioner Bernthal 590 University Hall , Commissioner Zech 2200 University Avenue i Secretary Chilk Berkeley, CA 94720 i U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 t
- Chairman Frye I i Dr. Luebke i Judge Bright
< Atomic Safety and Licensing Betri ,
! U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Coemission Washington, D.C. 20555 I,ynn Naliboff ;
. . Deputy City Attorney -
1 Chief, Docketing and Service Section City Hall } Office of tJe Secretary 1685 Main Street l U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Santa Fonica CA 90401 . i j Washington, D.C. 20555 a Counsel for NRC Staff " i U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission i Wathington, D.C. 20555 { attention: Ms. Woodhead 9 William H. Cormier - ,' ' j Office of Administrative Vice Chancellor '
'/' [
4 University of California 405 Hilgard Avenue Daniel Hirsch !- Ios Angeles, California 90024 President Committee to Bridge the Gap r
.b-NATIONAL AFFAIRS *ttr*ctn' to cies. Unwdim.the competing g to cede esen the agen.
l l^ international aspect of secunty M] ' ,. without a struggle, Rathburn and i ""m"m
=
1 e
- LAPD Chief Daryl Gates sisited i - ,.. I f .
-g Asia, the Middle East and Eu-l umm ,T d rcpe m the past year to gather i _ _ "Yun
- information on terronsts m the E : '
a f ' a, hope that they can avoid being
' ' bullied into a minor role by the 3 FBI and CIA. "Counterterronsm
/
. 1 y 4 ,y is not their exclusive turf," insists gg . f, h*9 g'N; g an LAPD s omeial.
The White flouse, concerned
. enough to request $69.1 rnillion in ON ( .,> ,
Q federal funds for Olympie secun-p g g ,3 p f i g 3/( M p O O lSit h 2, ty, is clearly not amused by the 4 N g g A' @4; prospectm turf battles. six weeks
'y
/j. ago the Reagan admimstration re-tameu the Austm Texas, consult-l
""***""' ing hrm headed by retired Army l Games people play: The application for Olympic tickets had Californians waitin: on line Col. Charles Beckwith, ground commander of the ill fated 1980 MO Will Police tlie Olyinpicsp .
Irartian hostage rescuemission,toproduce an evaluat en ef antiterrenst gianmng thu, far. NEW5 WEEK has learned that in an t seems that nothing can dim America's plumage has been rumed. On the other interim report Beckwith cited the lack of IOlympic ardor. Despite reports that theit's still unclear who would spring cooperation among the law-enforcement hand, j 1984 Los Angeles Games might degenerate into action if, say, a group of Third World agencies as a chief problem-and called for a into a marathon tramejam-or be obhtcrat- " athletes" suddenly made a suicide run on the appointment of a czar to coordinate the ed by smog-more than a milhon Amen- the presidential box. And no one has seemed federal role in Olympic security. Armed l cans streamed mto Sears stores and selected particularly eager to choose from among with Beckwith's fmdings, White liouse aide banks last w eek to pick up tieket brochures. the FBI's SWAT team. the marksmen of the Michw Deaver flew to Los Angeles two The elaborate order forms they are now Los Angeles Pohce Department (LAPD) weeks ago for an interorganizational meet- t
~
j com pleting read hke an act of faith in the Los an1 the U.S. Anny's crack antiterronst ing-and plans to visit Fort Bragg, N.C., to ; Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee squad. Delta Team-the three most hxely see the Delta Team in training. (LAOOC).Pneesforas yet undefinedseats candidates for thejob. Meanw hile, the White flouse has named at the more popular es ents such as the gym- Thrustai The one thing escryone does Kenneth flill, a veteran State Department nastics and mimming finals range from 540 seem to agree on is that w hichever emerges securtty officer, to serve as liaison between to $95, and a pass to all 26 boung sessions as the ultimate authonty will need all the the LAOOC and the Reagan administra-costs 52,200-providing you are lucky help it can get. "Esery conflict that exists tion. But for all the apparent confusion, no enough to be selected at random by the anywhere in the world is represented on one in Washington or Los Angeles seems computer that decides w ho gets mto w hich both sides somewhere in southern Califor. ready to panic. "Secunty will be there and I sellouts. G ET A I.O O, GO TO G A M Es. the Los nia." say s LA PD Cmdr. William Rathburn. will be very sumcient," says Rathburn. l Angeles Times snidely suggested. But the in that volatile climate, anti Amencan vio- "There 4r a very high possibility of some-i sad truth is that ometals will need all of the lence perpetrated by a group such as the thing happening, but my gut feeling at this l 590 million to 5140 milhon they expect to Puerto Rican FALN is just one of many time is that we wdl not have a major terror- ! generate from ticket revenues to ensure that possible threats. Of equal concern to au- ist incident." j the Olympics are not disrupted by terronsts. thor ties are extremists hnked to the Arab Judging by the way they are queuing up l In a real sense, the main event at next sum- world, the Insh Repubhcan Army, Arme- for ticket order forms Amencans seem to ! mer's Games wdi be a two-week long exer- ma. China and the Philippines share that optimistic view. And cise m synchromzed policing. who might be eager to settle Bechith Concerned despite the long waits and i Or at least the hope is that the 60-odd pohticalgrudgematchesbefore a shocking prices, the atmos. federal. state and local agencies charged an international TV audience puere at most outlets was any. with handhng Olympic secunty will be- rstimated at 2.5 billion. One thing but gnm. "It's the hottest come synchronized by the time the Mame is obvious target for terronsts is ticket in town," beamed Cali-kindled in the Los Angeles Memonal Coli- Ene sman nudear re etor at fornian Craig Furniss after scum on July 28.1984. Rather than face the UCLA. LAOOC secunty di- " deheate question of just who is in charge rector Edgar Best insists that lher (# [' picking up his brochure. At a bank in Lor Angeles, one cus. nght now, the vanous authnnties bas e opt- the 100-kdowatt tramme de-
~
%- tomer got around the one-or-ed for a byzantine method of coexistence m siee poses no real dange'r but T- der blank per household rule which an Olympics Law Enforcement Co- CCLA Prnr walterwegst dis- by repeatedly going outside i ordinating Committee oversees a Secunty agrees, saying that an ex plosion to slip into different dis- I Planning Committee that incorporates an could cause fallout that would guises. Given such old fash. l Integrated Planmng Group consisting of 16 reach the 5,200-athlete 01)m. ioned American ingenuity, the
~
subcomm.ttees The endless meetmgs de- p'ie wilagelocated on campus: LAOOC may yet produce an nsing from this makeshift bureaucracy The 'ch.UTenganliiFini In esent worthy of America's has e made it posuble for everyone from FBI pohemg an Olympics that will Olympia't expectations. operatnes to the chief of campus pohee at be spread oser 23 " venues" as the Univenity of Southern Cahforma to far as 200 mdes apart only $^M8hE[iE,;$ l voice an opimon, and as yet very httle serses to make the job more JOET m;CK m Lm Anpin 1
.. u n e n r r,- en r - .s,
KM WL5W YORK T_ibfES, SA_T_UR_ DAY, JULY 30, 1983 _ Olympics Terror Colors vM N i) 1 i U.C.L.A. Reactor Fight t
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soms nwNnVwl Nw LOS ANGELES, Joly 29 - 0.4 any the nuclear commission, said the schcol cay 50.000 peopl* a** studying or
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qjg ( working at the tunny, palm-dottad cam- agency had no knowledge of any safety- %
*O '~ f pus of the Ur. vmaty of California at' relatedincidentsatanyof them. gpt ;f~ g ;
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l Nevertheless, the oppmenta scored
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- dp e les Angeles. lluxIreda of thousands O.Sh.b[+U N- N Y" 7- (
mort hve near'I.e campus in neighbor- an important victory last February vi 0 'i , T ^ L-icxis of upper midd!sd:ss apart- when the licensing bosal stated. %y ments and homes. .
"U .C.LA. and staff matrCain that U.C.LA.'s Argonaut University Train-s e p[ 4a' i ,.' *~
T i Formore than two decades 'Aese e #* p 5 * " pie have worked c6 Caved ncM a nucIcar ing Reactor is an trNrentiv safe ma-
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- resetrch reactor operated by U.LLA. chme. We find e.%t th!* cmbasion is 1 ,
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Tu reacr t.* rm.s; 'A- focus of an anti- 3.g e l d. l nuclear pinest that has suddenly be- Officials at tise university maintain ( %/
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' ka ,_ 4-f j come mom bw c sud racres, ccessful the reactor's design makes it "a physi- [#C b " "
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#h 1 cat impossibthly" for a serious accident i f~%7 thanin the past.
] The nuclear morents, led by an en- or dangerous radiation release to occur
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i nummentalist group called the Com- under normal operating conditice, vM kQ O W* l mattee to Bridge the Gap wvat the
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1 reactor dos down. They say'it is e pas. Tm Tugend, a spokesrnan tot the c.able safety Fazard in a densely popu- unkmsity, said the research reactor :
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late krban are.mt, ra a sesntive new ~ opere*44 at a maximum power level of '..,,
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*' g - - JW M,y,f(f ekwnt of concetri, they add that it is ; W W Natts. Ne capare it to f.
9 pe ' ! presumacry a tempting target for 'l. #
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ji[ - 3 # G. M' - i F:otenisiterrorist sabaag during,next ;lhome hair dryers " he said. Nuclear;he equmalent pvaer .I y/ consumed 4 ; ,,byf.p 100% g ' summer *r Olympic Games l power react >ry encrate 30,000 times p' pf ,, 3 x pb 1 U.C.LA is to be the site of one of the ' the pow, be .ai . Olympic Villager wh athletes com- ' gg . . _ P petmg in the Garnes wdt stay. The vil- ; "U C LA says it's cnyOpponents r@ rach reasonmt. ,.f;
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i lage W be atumt a mile froro the cam- po*" reactm, bat w say it's at least mnpared a s f4
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pus busiding that houses the re*c'm. In as danperms becauns bcks the safetf gp g _ g* *,NA l the afzermath of the 1972 Olympics in featum of a power tienctorf T,ati - i Munich, whare la Israeli athletes were Stevea Aftergood, an engineer who is an mAM _ ' killed in
- te g*arist""#""
attack, security cliicial f the Committee to Bridge the u.e.m Gap. The organization was founded in " Nrefe.e reptsch rractor at the University of California a Los Angeles. Foes s safof aty,nucle l
! Kellecasing Is Opposed 30, and many of its members are for. ,
'i lhe envirunmeralist group is oppas. ' ued mer U.C.LA. students who have contu . debaths at the heMng."poundsof dynamite,this13whatthey're. A Columhfs reactor spokestnan, poses Judith uriaccep L - their carnpus ac"tvism. smang tkm a tareat that an unantici-ing U C.LA.*> aphestion to the Nu. Se!ety Precautions Described cy, said the umvenity had no plans to clea Regulatory Coanmission for a re- 7he scensng board, in an urrtsual gwted surge of power could balloon ex. ledged that f.% reactor in- p rsatially before safety mechanisrrr changeth reactor'sdormant status. l He rwW. 20-year license to operate the statesacn? in its Mar '.h 1980 order call- nu could 1: The dispute a U.C.LA. H the first re:,ctot A panel of the regulatory com- population ing for tNe hearings, noted the high m e ntainment tWd- tor. 4tervene to shut dorn the reac- conMsted reticecMng of any reattor density, the lack of a buffer *"* ## I tmssic:1, the Atomic Safety and 1 ncens. t.g Board, s*med pGe hearings on lation, zone between the reactor and the popu. g [ ," Staruloff et Columtda Univemty
.er or research. Earlier protest 5 e been overimtiallicensmg applica-
- ' the a;;!icnion iast week. The hearings and the lack of a containment s c created w u tre expected to continue through Octo- structure. Under such conditions the ,
[*de9- F n. A similar star.coft pittlog the re- tions. Lucal antinuclear forces say the fact that tha fight over the U.C.L A. ber. The board's decision can be ap- panelsaid,"the board expects U C L A The reactor products a radioactive search needs of a major university reactor has a(lvanced this far is evi-4 to show that pe-led, posing the possibility of a long but safe by a wide margin." the reactor is not only safe, gas, argon 41, that university officials against thvse of a det:se urban pcpula- dence of increased stepticism over the .t wait before the question is resolved. say becomes harmless after 14 hours. tion was seen at Columbia Umversity, University officials concede they can. Nuclear opponents contend some of the where protests in the days after the 1978 safety of nuclear energy operations, There are 70 research reactors not rule out a radiation hazard under nuclear accident at Pennsylvania's nuclear and a sign of growing vigor in the anti-j throughout the country operating in ca- catastrophic conditions, such as an act beforeradiation woald reach the population Three Mile Island power plant pre. movement. ); pacities similar to the one here, but of terroristsabotage. the radioactive particles de. Even the Nuclear Regulatory Com-U.C.LA.'s Argonaut. type reactor. ini. cayed. vented the activation of a reactor on the taally licensed in 1960, is one of the "I don't know the answer," Mr. Tu. Morningside Heights campus. As a re. mission might not argue with such a gand said. "If somebody drops a bomb The opponents have lined up expert conclusion. "We rehcensed the re-older. Jim Hanchett, a spokesman for testimony to contend that even under sult, Columbia's Triga Mark 11 reactor, on the building or explodes a thousand normal, noncatastrophic conditions the which was completed in 1968 and search reactor at Berkeley a few years i licensed in 197/, has never been fueled. ago without a peep," Mr. Hanchett said.
< " Berkeley,of allplaces."
a i
h P . l G'/ I l G-
,oresence that caused the anxiety. What A RMR m, electri6ed the place was the uncertainty.
Would it be the man entering the elevator carrymg flowers? Would it be the unoccu-pied taxicab parked by the side of the j GU DE HE building? It might be a gun, a rocket, a poisoned apple or the Armenian double-1984 0EsEMuP W CS bems trick in which the <irst sems sees of, a crowd gathers to see what has hap-pened, and then the second bomb goes oft Terrorism: Guess. Guess again. Just one month earlier, Gemayel's brother, Bashir-himself the newly elected
' president of Lebanon-had been killed
*f when a 400. pound bomb destroyed the
,# Christian Phalangist headquarters in east s sgM ,# Beirut. When Amin Gemayel left the Madison Hotel after a two day visit,
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or""#,,.s ts* article IVJNREM Ef0HL j g g M g gg makelos angeles another munich, the only way to Outmanetwer them 35 to 588 the one could see the reliefin the faces of the doormen, the concierge and the assistant managers: The place had not been blown uP. No one had even phoned in a bomb threat. Gemayel was now someone else's pn>6 tem, games through their eyes We hear about terrorism almost da.iy, yet few of us have a precise notion ofwhat While the 1984 Olympic Games are crasics of individual law-enforcement it is. Fewer yet could say what sort of being touted as Disneyland with sweat bureaucracies have crippled police PeoP l e we would 6ad behind the ski by the public. relations staf at the bs work many times in the past. Those masks. The experts aren't really sure of Angeles Olympic Org2nmng Commit- problems could be especially trouble- what most terrorists want. Ley haven't t ee,it is a safe bet that plans to shatter some at the Olympics, where neither even been able to agree on a definition of that showcase of democracy have Best's council nor the L.A.P.D. has the terrorism. But however we choose to already been set in motion. The world legal means to force meetings and coop- define it, terrorism has become a fact of has come to expect the death ofinno- eration with autonomous local agen- life. Between 1970 and 1980, according to a c ents in the pursuit of the principal cies-much less with the FBI, the CIA 1981 conference at bs Alamos National t errorist goal; publicity. Given the com- or the Secret Service. " Autonomy is a Laboratories, nearly three terrorist opera-plexities of guarding the 1984 summer mfor problem," a source in the tions per day were reported world-wide. games, those plans have an awesome L.A.P.D., told me. "If we can't force The total number of people ki!!cd by ter-chance of success. cmperanon, how are we going to guard rorism in that ten-year period has been Security for the games is the respon- Marcos or Castro or Mitterrand or estimated at around 10,000. The cost in s ibility of an umbrella group called the Reagan?" , property destroyed was about $200,000 Cooperation aside, Best doesn't Olympic Law Enforcement Coordinat-per day. At least $150,000,000 in reported ing Council. The orgamzmg committee 8h*Te the feelins-expressed by some kidnaping ransom was collected by terror-is represented on the council by Edgar fr ut-line C Ps-that foreign battles ses between January 1,1971, and late Best, a talented, tough ex-special agent will be fought in bs Angeles by terror- 1982. The security necessitated by terror-in charge of the Los Angeles office of ists seeking pubhcity. It is his opimon ism costs billions. But terrorism is not only t he Federal Bureau of Investigation, that the Munich massacre of Israeli a major economic influence in the world w ho has been meeting for nearly two athletes, caused a backlash that would years with local, state and Federal law- discredit smular terrorist action now. today, it's a psychological and a political one as well. e nforcement agencies, as well as with Black September no longer exists It has permanently altered Western political Egures-including the Presi- [ [,' "' dent of the United States. But the logis- man-and the chief ofOly
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Europe, Japan, South America, Central America, the Middle East, Africa-most s tics are tremendously complex. At the f the world, m other words. And now, curity for the police department-is n Montreal games, only 6ve agencies Commander Bill Rathburn, whose 5 me experts say, the U.S. may be the next eeded coordmation; in Moscow, only background in antiterrorist work is nil. big target. t o wo. For the 1984 Olympics, Best and He isn't sure what quali6ed him for the
- ther top personnel are attemptmg job of Olympics planning. He is sure . Dere *Te PNP cl Paid to worry about the task of coordmating 60 law- just that possibility, and in the Interna-e nforcement agencies. Sources within however, that no one can guarantee a safe Olympics. He, too, attempts to ti nal Club of Washington, where some of t he Los Angeles Police Department in-downplay the coordination problems. them gatner to eat lunch, the tension is dicate that the task is overwhelming. "I wu originally uncomfortable with sometimes as thick as the cigarette smoke.
The Law Enforcement Coordinating the lack of legislative direction to Georgetown University's Center for
- Council has set up 27 subcommittees in coordinate security," he said. "Many Strategic and International Studies c
harge of intelligence, transportation, people in responsible positions were (C.S.I.S.) is located in the same building. SWAT, air support, communications, and still are. But I feel now that the rec. C.S.LS. is a private think tank, and a lot of l traffic, crowd control and she like. ognition of local autonomy is the cor. the thinking that goes on there these days Although Best downplays the dangers nerstone of our effort." concerns terrorism. ofinternal dissension, it is a fact that De good news is that there is a I sat in the club one day last summer rivalries, jealousies and the idiosyn. reputable (conhnwd on page 1821 listening to two of the world's top experts 90 on terrorism, Yacov Heichal, former head h
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l Los Angeles and the University of South-0 (contmurdfrom page 90) ern California will house the majonty of M the athletes. Never hase the games been
> mThe U.S. is a paradise for the terrorist. Everyone scheduled at such geographic distances the 19g+ venue,, the Olympic, wordasfor na wants to help here and usually does.'" chc Pvi"s "'c' Th' "c""c' c 'P'c'd out beyond the boundanes of the County g of Los Angeles, which itself covers an antiterrorist expert working for the make security especiaHy tough. I wanted area f m re dian M smiare mues.
L.A.P.D. He is Commander George Alor- to find out how the other side might be Never has so much space been allocated rison, and my source indicated that he is viewing things, so I got together with f r media representatives: The entire los caHed in to advise law-enforcement agen. someone who knows the terrorist mind Angeles Convention Center-334,000 cies all over the country. Rathburn and method firsthand. square feet of floor area-has been leased. wouldn't let me talk with him, Fowever. It
- And never has the President of the United seems that Morrison has drawn depart- "You look like shit," I told John Afiller States officiated at the opening cere-mental rebukes for his outspoken dealings when I picked him up at Los Angeles In. monies.
with the press-for tellir-g it like it is, in ternational Airport. Afiller is a brawling "To compound the problems, you're other words, professional soldier who trained with the also dealing with a nation of nice guys," As for the FBI, it has generally main. SPecial Air Service in Great Britain. He Afiller said as we sat down to dinner at a tained a low-profile, no-comment posture was undercover in Belfast against the Irish restaurant on Sunset Strip. "The U.S. is a on its Olympics planning. Director Wil- Republican Army. He kidnaped the Great paradise for the terrorist. Everyone wants liam Webster has indicated, however, that Train Robbery fugitive, Ronnie Biggs, to help here and usually does. Especially the bureau expects to take a leading role in fr m Brazil. The international press keeps to help people with a foreign accent. You the event of a terrorist raid. Its response an eye on this archetypal rogue, who's al- can't even look over a fence in Russia, force willinclude its own SWAT team, as ways in transit and trouble. He had just Also, the U.S. is an open target because weH as the Delta " Blue Light" Team, the g uen back fmm a foray into Angola. A it's the only country in the world where ev. United States' answer to the British anti- discolored right check added authenticity. ery piece of necessary military equipment-terrorist Special Air Service and the West "I got hit with a rifle butt," he said. is sold right in the open or nearly so. Give German G.S.G.9. oh,e were reconnoitering-looking for an me a few hours and I'll get you an antitank Sources in the L.A.2f) bridled at die PPortunity to take some British and cannon with live shells for your front yard. suggesuon that the pb that have been Amencan mercenaries at of prison down "They'll send in a four-man cell to developed locally over the past two years there. Three big guysjumped up. %,e put reconnoiter," he continued. "They'U dig will be pre-empted by the bureau. Afean- them down and left the guns. Stupid. My away and gather information." while, the FBI's press-relations agent told mate g t shot under here. He poked his "How hard is it to get that kind of un my a me, "You're on the right track trying to cave 'im h(mg up with information?" I asked. blood. pin downjust who has the responsibility." "How hard? Tomorrow, I'll show you." I tlunk
- Then he added, "Lotsa luck."
$iWeked startedthe to fi I n ' ll each other in on Olym-
- next ay, we went t the Olympic But even with Alornson's expertise, pics logistics. In 1932, Los Angeles was the Orgaru.zmg Committee headquarters at even with the FBI and the Blue Light first Olympics city to build housing facili- the UCLA campus. I told someone in the Team, this looks like a bad time to be hold- ties specifically for the games. In modern Press wing that I was writing something.
ing an Olympics in the U.S., much less in times, it will be the first not to build new Ten minutes later, I had maps, schedules Los Angeles, where far-flung facilities facilities. The University of California at and information about the venues, as well as detailed geographic and demographic information about the city of Los Angeles. I didn't show any I.D. untillater, when I interviewed Best. He was the only careful person I spoke with-the only one who ' seemed to recognize that effective security starts long before the games themselves. On the way out, Atiller lifted an official {, organizing-committee security badge. H g just took the badge from a visitor's clothes.
"A ticket," he said.
"And if you could do it " I started 4 i &
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, "No one can guarantee public safety at i . the 1984 games," he said. "There is no '
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world. The Soviets would also like to teach the U.S. a lesson forJimmy Carter's deci- has, after all, moved into the political what I was writing about. "I'd like to keep arena. Edgar Best thinks that it'll be a lid on this whole thing," he said. "You're sion to trash the summer games in 1980, calm here, like Nioscow, Afontreal and playing with dynamite." It's the only answer to Afoscow's broken Lake Placid." hiaps of the campuses are readily avail-window on communism. What can L.A. "Staybe," he said. "But these people able. When hiiller and I visited UCLA, it do to pro &ct itself? It can't adequately are terrorists. That's their business. That's was difficult for us to figure out how any-protect its ordinary citizens from domestic how they live. They all work together.Just one could control traffic and access to predators." because the provisional wing of the I.R.A. i , those busy areas. "There are service tun- , The city has black and Latin gangs that gets some parliamentary representation nels all over the place," said hiiller. ~ l l can't be controlled, plus the cops are going dnesn't mean that it won't be out killing "They'll have to watch those. Christ, l i to have their hands full with more ordi- horses and kids and heroes, like Afount- here's Boelter Hall You know what's in nary home-grown cons and creeps. E'.ery batten. Terrorists' egos are tied to destruc- there?" j pimp, whore, grifter, drifter, pickpocket, tion, and their employment depends on "No," I said. con man, crackpot, flimtlam man, swin- death. , dier, diddler and panhandler within 500 *A fucking nuclear reactor. It's right in "You retire them like this." He pointed the middle of L.A. One terrorist cell-four miles will be in L.A., moving in for the lull. a finger at my temple. "You take them and And then you get to the visitors. Anti- men-goes in there, sets time charges in I nuke, antiwar, anti-abortion acovists; neo- kill them as quick as you can. They satchel bombs and booby-traps the works don't sit around rocking at some old folks' and. " Nazis: Ku Kh.x Klanners; the Jewish home; they have to fucking die. It's like " Holy shit," I said. Defense League; fellow-traveler U.S. getting fired." citizens from 30 countries; Solidarity activ. "That's a lot of publicity, a little melt- , We visited the two pancipal Olympic down and fallout," he said. "The athletes ~~, g ists; the Weather Underground; Black Vi!! ages-the student housing areas at the are going to have exposure going to and i Liberation Army; and uncounted sp! inter huge L'SC and L*CLA campuses. While coming from those widespread venues. No l organizations-they'll a shot at the gold; headlines. all be moving in for the facilities weren't 1 uilt for security, Olympics participants have ever had to be ! Commander Rathburn said that they trucked so far. It's a nightmare to control, "What about the backlash after would be secured and the athletes would and there will be many targets of oppor-Niunich?" I asked Atiller. " Black Septem- be complet-ly isolated. When I mentioned tunity." 184 ber is gone from the scene, and the P.L.O. N!unich, he had no comment. He knew The weight-lifting events will be held at i e
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ler said W eigh t ittung a one . ,t heir entire raf t of police and hrerr"n. but hat s get mui h ort'tet ti .n The set unn people
> sports It could happen here T .e!isould not hkeh .No. it would be nsking tuties ni are giung o has e to watch es ers thing at :aic m er . .r rent one at :he aruc prn ate air b e es At the f. rum :he basketbad cnue we a hou3c3 on :nc road :n nere and use a cou- The Los \ngele3 Qns enn an (' enter ax e r +amed ' hat secu n ts w ould he pro g pic of hand- auad.ed wirequided missiles will nold news represen t a u s es :iom alj s tacd mostn *n the guards used Fir nor-The nus < omes bs and-zap -cass mer the world \ gain w e had no
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'.T hes .re not going to waste bodies with could be a real problem. said \tm,er He sou need pros Fhat s a problem gr ands tandin g. . he said "Thes .11 pick one show ed me w here cm garbage : rucks he s isited most of the other s en ues pnme :arget and a secondan one iure. drn e oght up on the mam floor 'Ioad Esen to in untrained es e. :he opportuni-nes for a . reatn e 3(enano for death loomed clear. : rom sniping at the s at hung
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