ML19319C286
| ML19319C286 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Davis Besse  |
| Issue date: | 08/01/1969 |
| From: | TOLEDO EDISON CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8002110792 | |
| Download: ML19319C286 (53) | |
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Title g Pjage 2B 1.0 GENERAL METEOROLOGY 23-1 1.1 ' General Description 2B-1 1.2 Tempercture 2B-2 1.3 Precipitation 2B-4 1.4 Snowfall", Snow and Ice Loading, Hail 2B-7 1.5 Tornadoes 2B-11 1.6 Winds and Wind Loading 2B-13 2B 2.0 DIFFUSION ANALYSIS 2B-15 2.1 Diffusion Climatology 2B-15 2.2 Diffusion Modeling 2B-17 l
02:31 Amendment No. 3 GB-i w u,r"---
LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 2B-1 Comparison of Stability Frequencies 2B-20 2B-2 Frequency of Low Wind Speeds for All Directions with Moderately Stable Lapse Rate 2B-20 2B-3 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and
-Directitn, Fall . Moderately Stable, 100 Ft. Level 2B-24 2B-4 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Fall - Slightly Stable,100 Ft. Level 2B-25 2B-5 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Fall - Neutral, 100 Ft. Level 2B-26 2B-6 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Fall - Unstable,100 Ft. Level 2B-27 2B-7 Combined Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Fall, 100 Ft. Level 2B-28 2B-8 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Winter - Moderately Stable, 100 Ft.iLevel 2B-29 )
2B-9 Joint ' Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Winter - Slightly Stable,100 Ft. Level 2B-30 2B-10 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Winter - Neutral, 100 Ft. Level 2B-31 .
2B-11 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and
, Direction, Winter - Unstable,100 Ft. Level 2B-32 2B-12 Combined Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Winter, 100 Ft. Level 2B-33 2B-13 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction.
Spring -. Moderately Stable,100 Ft. Level 2B-34 2B-14 Joint Frequency Distrf 5ution of Wind Speed and Direction,
' Spring - Slightly Stable',100 Ft. Level 2B-35 l2B-15 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Spring - Neutral, 100 Ft. Level 2B-36 g 2B-16 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, '
. Spring - Unstable, 100 Ft. Level 2B-37 ..
2B-ii 0292 l . . -
(Continued)
Table Title Pm 2B-17 Combined Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Spring - 100 Ft. Level (Extrapolated) 23-38 2B-18 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Summer - Moderately Stable, 100 Ft. Level 2B-39 23-19 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Summer - Slightly Stable,100 Ft. Level 2B-40 2B-20 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Summer - Neutral,100 Ft. Level 2B-41 2B-21 Joint Frequency Distribution of, Wind Speed and Direction, Summer - Unstable,100 Ft. Level 2B-42 -
2B-22 Joint Frequency Distribution of Wind Speed and Direction, Summer - Combined, 100 Ft. 2B-43 2B-23 Inversion Persistence in Hours 2B-44 23-24 Wind Persistence by Direction Only,100 Ft. Level 2B-45 2B-25 Stability Class Summary by Wind Direction at 100 Feet 2B-46 2B-26 Relative Ground Level Concentration at Centerline 2B-47 l
0293 Y
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O k Amendment No. 3 2B-iii
N LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Title M
- 2B-1 Rainfall Frequency - Intensity - Duration 2B-8 2B-2 Tornado Frequency by States 2B .}.2 2B-3 Moderately stable Wind Rose - Spring 1969 2B-21
2B-4 Moderately Stable Wind Rose - Summer 1969 2B-21 2B-5 Moderately Stable Wind Rose - Fall 1969 2B-23 2B-6 Moderately Stable Wind Rose - Winter 1969-70 2B-23a
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Amendmen No. 3 '
2B-iv '
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1.0 GENERAL METEOROLOGY
,s 1.1 General Description The climate of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Station site can best be described as a modified continental type. The proximity to Lake Erie results in less extreme temperatures and more cloudiness and higher humidity than would be experienced further inland. Precipitation is rather evenly distri-buted throughout the year and is associated with the rather regular passage of cyclonic storms. Severe weather, such as summer thunderstorms and infre-quent tornadoes in the area are also associated with these migrating low pressure systems.
Recourse has been made to long term ESSA climatological records, primarily from Cleveland and Toledo, to describe the features of the General Meteorology, Section 1.0 below. Where differences exist, it is likely the Toledo data would be more representative of the site than would Cleveland data.
The terrain surrounding the site is extremely flat and low lying, being.mostly open farmland with occasional small wooded areas. The major topographical feature likely to affect atmospheric dispersion is Lake Erie.
During the spring and early summer when the contrast between water and temp-eratures are *he greatest it is expected that a " lake breeze" will develop which will influence the stability and wind direction at the reactor site.
l 0235 l
l1 l'~ Amendment No. 3 2B-1
1.2 Temperature m The air temperature of the coastal region being tempered by Lake Erie, is not subject to the wider extremes of the more inland areas. Average and extreme monthly air temperatures for Toledo and Cleveland are shown in the tables below.
Toledo (*F)
(11 Years of Record)I
_J_an Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg Daily Max. 34 36 45 58 70 80 85 83 76 64 47 36 Avg Daily Min. 18 19 26 35 46 56 60 59 51 40 30 21 Avg Monthly 26 27 35 47 58 68 73 71 63 52 39 28 Extreme Max. 62 68 80 87 95 97 96 98 95 91 76 65 Extreme Min. 10 -1 11 27 38 43 37 29 16 2 -11 Cleveland (*F)
(6 Years of Record)2 \
l Jan Feb Mar Apr My Jun Jul A3 Sep Oct Nov D_eg Avg Daily Max. 35 36 44 58 69 78 83 81 74 64 49 37 Avg Daily Min. 20 20 27 36 46 56 60 58 52 42 32 23 Avg Monthly 28 28 35 47 58 67 72 70 63 53 40 30 Extreme Max. 62 69 80 85 91 93 98 92 93 86 79 67 Extreme Min. -19 -15 5 10 25 39 43 41
. 34 23 13 -4 For heating requirements the following degree-day averages for Toledo and Cleveland can be used as a guide.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oc r. Nov Dec Ann.
3 Toledol 1200 1056 924 543 242 60 I 0 16 117 406 792 J138 6494 '
Cleveland 2 1159 1047 918 552 260 66 9 25 105 384 738 1088 6351 k
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Amendment No. 3 2B-2 l 0296 t
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The mean number of days with temperatures > 90*F or < 32*F for Toledo and Cleveland are as follows:
Toledo (*F)
(11 Years of Record)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann.
> 90* 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 4 1
- 0 0 16 32* 30 27 24 11 1 0 0 0
- 6 18 27 144 More than 0 but less than 1 Cleveland (*F)
(6 Years of Record) ,
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul A_ug u Sep Oct Nov Dec Anr. .
> 90* 0 0 0 0 1 3 4 2 1 0 0 0 9
< 32* 29 26 22 10 1 0 0 0 0 3 12 26 130 '
Extreme temperature observations for Toledo, Cleveland, Fre:r.ont and Sandusky are:
Highest Lowest Temperature Temperature
- F *F Toledo 105 (July 1936) -17 (Jan. 1963)
Cleveland 103 (July 1941) -19 (Jan.1963)
Fremont 110 -17 Sandusky 105 -16 For further heating and air conditioning design criteria , the following data for Toledo and Sandusky will apply:
Winter Design Data Toledo Sandusky _
'F *F l Dry bulb temperature equalled or exceeded 99% of time 0 4 Dry bulb temperature equalled or exceeded 97.5% of time 6 8 i
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Air Conditioning Design Data Toledo Sandusky ',
- F *F '
Dry bulb equalled or exceeded 1% of the time 93 90 Dry bulb equalled or exceeded 2.5% of the time 90 87 Dry bulb equalled or exceeded 5% of the time 87 85 Dry bulb equalled or exceeded 10% of the time 83 81 Wet bulb equalled or exceeded 1% of the time 77 76 Wet bulb equalled or exceeded 2.5% of the time 75 75 Wet bulb equalled or exceeded 5% of the time 74 74 Wet bulb equalled or exceeded 10% of the time 72 72 Air Conditioning Criteria Data Number of hours, on the average, that the dry bulb temperatures of 93*F and 80*F and the wet bulb temperatures of 73*F and 67'F are equalled or exceeded during the months-of May through October, inclusive:
Toledo Sandusky Dry Bulb 2. 93*F 36 Hrs 12 Hrs s
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< 80*F 590 392 Wet Bulb 2, 73*F 242 221
< 67'F 1023 1006 1.3 Precipitation Precipitation is moderate in amount (30-34 inches annually) and fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. Heaviest short-period rain-f all is associated with thunderstorms, while longer-period rainf all is associated with the migratory frontal systems moving south and east from Canada.
Summaries of precipitation statistics for Toledo and Cleveland are shown in the following tables:
)
OZ98 2B-4
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TOLEDO l
Mean Days Extreme Extreme with Monthly Monthly Max. in Days with 0.01 Inch Mean Max. Min. 24 Hrs Thunder-or More Inches (Inches) (Inches) (Inches) storms Month (1) (2) (3) (3) (2) (1) i Dec 14 2.22 5.12 0.54 2.07
- Jan 12 1.95 6.30 0.27 1.78
- Feb 11 2.58 4.32
- 0.43 2.26 -
Winter 37 6.75 - - -
1 Mar 14 2.79 5.22 0.58 2.69 2 Apr 12 3.18 5.97 0.84 i
2.93 5 May 3.38 8.04 JJ. 0.69 3.57 ~5 Spring 37 9.35 - - -
12 June 9 2.90 6.67 0.12 3.44 7 July 9 2.91 6.71 1.17 2.47 7 Aug 2.59 8.47
.__9_ 0.86 4.58 -
7 Summer 27 8.40 - - -
21 Sept 10 2.31 6.70 0.37 5.98 4 Oct 7 2.30 5.04 \
0.28 3.10 1 1 Nov JR 2.26 4.63 0.63 2.68 -
1 Fall 27 6.87 - _ -
6 Annual 128 31.37 40 i
(1) For Period 1956-1966 Inclusive l - (2) For Period 1871-1966 Inclusive l l
(3) For Period 1931-1966 Inclusive \
- i Greater than 0 but Less than 1 !
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.Mean Days Extreme Extreme with Monthly Monthly Max. in Days with 0.01 Inch Mean Max. Min. 24 Hrs Thunder-or More Inches (Inches) (Inches) (Inches) storms Month (1) (2) (3) (3) (2) (1)
Dec 16 2.36 5.60 0.71 1.89
- Jan 16 2.57 7.01 0.36 2.33
- Feb 14 2.37 4.64 0.73 3.62
- Winter 46 7.30 - - -
1 Mar 16 2.88 6.07 0.78 3.17 2 Apr 15 2.79 6.61 1.13 2.24 4 May 13 3.07 6.04 0.58 3.73 5 Spring 44 8.74 - - -
11 Jun 11 3.22 6.64 0.39 3.10 7 July 10 3.38 5.37 0.96 3.86 7 )
Aug _,9_ 2.96 6.95 0.72 4.13 _5 Summer 30- 9.56 - - -
19 Sept 9 3.06 6.37 0.74 4.97 3 Oct 10 2.61 9.50 0.61 3.44 2 Nov 14 2.58 6.44 0.92 2.23 _1 Fall 33 8.25 - - -
6 Annual 153 33.85 37 (1) For Period 1941-1966 Inclusive (2) For Period 1871-1966 Inclusive (3) For Period 1931-1966 Inclusive Greater than 0 but Less than 1 l
i
. 0300 2B-6
The maximum 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> precipitation by month for Sandusky (72 years of record) are:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Seo Oct Nov Dec 1.71 2.98 2.96 2.21 3.83 5.95 3.87 4.20 3.29 2.76 2.26 1.74 The maximum recorded point rainfall 5 (inches) for short time intervals for Toledo (1899-1961), Sandusky (1900-1961) and Cleveland (1890-1961) are:
Minutes Hours 5 10 15 30 60 2 3 6 12 24 Toledo 0.65 1.25 1.78 2.88 3.58 3.65 3.77 4.36 5.88 5.98 Sandusky 0.60 1.20 1.46 2.04 3.51 3.77 4.03 5.10 5.63 5.95 Cleveland 0.78 1.20 1.46 2.09 2.21 3.02 3.29 3.74 4.09 4.97 The return period of extreme short-interval rainfall6 is a useful engineering design guide. Data for Toledo and Sandusky are shown in Figure 2E-1.
1.4 Snowf all, Snow and Ice Loading, Hail Snowfall is generally moderate in this area averaging 35-40 inches, distributed throughout the winter from November to March with frequent thaws. The average number of days with 1 inch or more of snowfall for Toledo is 11 and for Cleveland,18. Average snowfall data for Toledo
.tnd Cleveland are:
Toledo (1956-1966)
Snowfall Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann.
8.5 7.9 6.7 2.2 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 3.4 7.3 36.0
' Avg Monthly
- 16 4 14 '
Max Monthly
.2 14.6 12.0 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 0.5 17.9 25.5 -
Min Monthly 0.3 0.6 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T -
l Max 24 Hrs 6.6 6.5 7.5 9.8 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 8.3 6.1 -
l Avg No. Days l
-> 1.0 Inch
- 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 11 l 1930-31 to-1966 Inclusive l
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Sandusky, Ohio Toledo, Ohio 1903 - 1951 1903 - 1950 20.0 15.0 _ l !!! I I I!! I 3 Note: Frequency analysis by method E 3 Note: Frequency analysis by method g 10.0 -
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Amendment No. 3 2B-9
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Cleveland (1941-1966) j Snowfall Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann.
Avg Monthly 10.4 10.5 10.5 2.4 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 0.7 5.4 11.0 50.9 Max. Monthly
- 18.7 20.7 26.3 14.5 T 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 8.0 22.3 30.3 -
Min. Monthly
- 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 T T -
Max. 24 Hrs 9.3 7.5 14.9 7.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 T 6.7 15.0 9.3 -
Avg No. Days 1 Inch 4 4- 3 1 0 0 0 0 0
- 2 4 18 1930-31 to 1966 Inclusive The record extremes for Toledo and Cleveland are:
_ Max. Monthly Snowfall Max. 24 Hours Toledo 26.2 (Jan. 1918) 19.0 (Feb. 1900)
Cleveland 30.5 (Feb. 1908) 17.4 (Nov. 1913)
Snow load data available from an HHFA study 7 conducted in 1952 show that the maximum snowpack of record to be approximately 50 lbs. per square
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foot, the extimated weight of seasonal snowpack equalled or exceeded one year in ten to be 20 lbs. per square foot, and the weight of estimated maximum accumulation on the ground plus weight of maximum probable snowstorm to be 80 lbs. per square foot.
Freezing rain can occur in the late fall, winter and early spring months. During a ten year study by ESSAB , the number of days with freezing rain observed at Cleveland were:
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Total 2 24 31 34 12 1 104 Once every year accumulations of 0.25 inch and once every two years accumulations 0.50 inch of ice can be expected. The mean duration of glaze ice on utility w' ires if an ice storm occurs (based on an 8 year study of the Edison Electrical Institute) is 34 hours3.935185e-4 days <br />0.00944 hours <br />5.621693e-5 weeks <br />1.2937e-5 months <br /> for the State of Ohio as a whole. r -
Amendment No. 3 2B-10 0304
e Hail, according to a study of the Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, has occurred in the area with the following frequency.
Total Days with Hail Yrs Location Obs. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Cleveland 40 2 2 7 9 6 10 8 6 8 16 4 0 78 Sandusky 40 0 3 8 14 15 13 13 9 2 4 0 0 81 Toledo 40 0 1 5 11 11 11 7 3 0 4 2 0 55 No information is available relative to hail size distribution.
1.5 Tornadoes Tornadoes are relatively common in Ohio and the occurrences are geographically evenly distributed throughout the state. Figure 2B-2 shows the frequency of tornadoes and " tornado days" for Ohio 10 The monthly dis-tribution (1916-50 and 1955-67) of tornadoes for the state of Ohio is:
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul A_ug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 5 6 24 45 46 42 29 23 15 2 10 0 247 During the same period Ottawa County has experienced one tornado.
The mean annual tornado frequency for the period 1953-1962 (Thom)ll was 0.8 for the one-degree square in which the site is located. Using this frequency and method described by Thom, the calculated probability of a ternado strik-ing this one-degree square is 6.3 x 10- or one tornado every 1,587 years.
oss k Amendment No. 3 2B-11
fg TORNADO FREQUENCY BY STATES p" ,
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s 1.6 Winds and Wind Loading k
The highest winds are usually associated with thunderstorms (tornadoes excepted) during the passage of a line squall or cold front.
Fastest mile data for Toledol and Cleveland 2 are:
Toledo (11 Years) Cleveland (25 Years)
Month Speed Direction Speed Direction (mph) (mph)
Jan 40 W 68 SW Feb 40 NW 65 W Mar 56 W , 74 W Apr 72 SW 65 W -
May 45 W 68 SW Jun 49 SW 57 SW Jul 42 W 65 W Aug 47 W 61 W Sep 45 W 45 S r Oct 40 SW 43 W Nov 65 SW 59 W Dec 45 SW 49 W i The T.isk Committee on Wind Forces of the American Society of Civil Engineers 12 has estimated for the area a " fastest mile" of wind, at 30 feet 1
above ground, of approximately 90 mph, once in 100 years.
H. C. S. Thom13 has estimated the extreme fastest mile of wind, at I 30 feet above the ground, for the following mean recurrence intervals:
- Interval Annual Extreme-mile (Years) (mph) 2 50 l 10 l 60 25 80 50 84 100 90 t'
Amendment No. 3 2B-13 0307 t
The minimum allowable resultant wind pressure suggested by the _
National Bureau of Standards I4 is:
Elevation lbs/ft2 Less than 30 ft 25 30-49 30 50-99 40 100-499 45 Amendment No. 3 i 2B-14 ~
0308 e
{ 2.0 DIFFUSION ANALYSIS 2.1 Diffusion Climatology Diffusion Climatology of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Unit No. 1 of the Toledo Edison Company is typical of a lake shore location where differential heating in the warm months of the year may be expected to result in a lake breeze effect. The shoreline runs from northwest to southeast in the plant vicinity so lake breezes would be expected generally from a northerly or northeasterly direction.
When the lake breeze occurs, the cool air moving inland over the ,
warmer land may result in an unusual vertical air mixing condition. The cool air layer is progressively warmed from below so that the depth of the lower turbulent layer and ultimate disappearance'of the marine inversion is related to distance from the shoreline. Under such circumstances, any material i emitted into the stable marine layer from a ground, or near groura, source will experience progressively greater upward vertical mixing as it is trans-l ported inland, limited only by the .3aight of the mixe1 layer. '
The inportance of the lake breeze effect at this site is more in determining the direction of travel of the plume and less in its effect on 1
)
the diffusion eate because of the relatively low ven : height and its proxim-icy to the buf1 dings housing the reactor and turbines. Growth of the mixed layer over heated ground proceeeds rather rapidly and the mechanical complex may be expected to further aid the initial growth o" the waste gas.
Ar. on-site meteorological monitoring progcam- was initiated October 1968 with the installation of a 300 f t. instrumented tower. Observatiorus presently available from the tower are: l i
Temperature and/or temperature difference at and between Amendment No. 3 0309 2B- 15
13vals 5,145, cnd 297 ft. from October 1968 through February 1970.
Wind speed, wind d rection, and wind variability at 20 ft. from October 1968 through May 1969, and Decem-ber 1969 through February 1970.
Wind speed, wind direction, and witad variability at 100 ft., from June 1969 through February 1970.
Wind speed, vind direction, and wind variability at 300 ft. from October 1968 through February 1970.
Diffusion climatology data obtained at the site have been analyzed and the mast pertinent parts presented in Tables 2B-1 through 2B-25.
The level chosen for wind analysis is the 100 ft, elevation. The reacon for this selection is explained by the discussion of the diffusion model in c.ection 2.2. Temperature gradients selected for stability classifi-cation are listed in Table 2B-1. Climatology tabulations include:
- a. Stability summary by season.
- b. Low wind speed .(0-3 mph) during moderately stable conditions by seasons.
- c. Wind summaries for all data to date,
- d. Wind direction persistence by 16 compass points.
- e. Stability sum =ary by wind direction.
- f. Inversion persistence.
Winds from 090 to 110 degrees would travel toward the City of Toledo from the site. Winds from 300 degrees would travel toward Port Clinton cnd Sandusky from the site. Winds from these directions (based on 18 months of on-site observations) occurred 3.86 and 5.52 percent of the total hours, respectively.
Amendment No. 3 2B-16 0310 u
)
l 2.2 Diffusion Models The bivariate nor=al, or Gaussian diffusion model was used for the diffusion calculations. Because the construction of the reactor building i
permits controlled release through a vent near roof level (235 feet above grade), a volume source configuration was used for the 2-hour and 24-hour accident cases and values of relative ground level concentration determined from:
1 -
1 9
(1) n E E y z g . g 2+ CA !1 y y -
(2)
E, - e,2 + cA /2
. *)
Is is the mean wind speed at 100 f t. (the mean elevation of the reactor building)
C = 0.5 2
A = 2600 m , projected cross section of reactor building ey , o, = lateral and vertical diffusion parameters The cross-section presented by the Davis-Besse reactor building alone to any wind direction is approximately 2600 m2 becuase of symmetry.
This is somewhat conservative for a N - S wind because the fuel service building would add another 540 m 2. For an E - W wind, 2600 m2 is very con- -
servative because the turbine building would add 1000 m2 for a total of 3600 2
- m. For winds blowing diagonally across the complex, the projected cross-section becomes even larger and the 2600 m2 figure even more conservative.
2B-17 ..
1 Pasquill curves from Meteorology and Atomic Energy - 196816 were
,_5 used for values of a, and e,.
Relative concentrations values, X/Q, were calculated for a two-hour case with F conditions and 2 m/see wind speed. Winds less than 2 m/see with F conditions occurred only 0.89 percent of the time during the 18 months the tower has been in operation.
Values for the 24-hour incident were calculated of the assumption of a constant wind direction, slightly stable thermal stratification (E l
t category) and a mean wind speed of 4.5 m/see based on the longest duration a l stable period was actually observed at the site during the period October 1968 through February 1970.
l The 30 day relative concentration values were computed for the populated sector most frequently downwind from the site (SE) from the l equation:
I y, , E I 11.31 f, ,
Q i j ^d 37 n so z i
"i j where i
i = stability class j = wind speed category f
g = joint frequency (fraction) of occurrence of stability j class and speed categories s = downwind distance o
g
=
vertical diffusion parameter (Pasquill) for stability 1 class i u
f
= wind speed s .
Amendment No. 3 2B-18 0332 b
, Three possible models were considered in computing X/Q values
\
summarized in Table 23-26. The design of the reactor building employs double containment with controlled release through a vent extending at least 200 ft. above grade. A ground-level source configuration is not realistic for this elevated single point of emission. On the other hand, the source cannot be treated as an isolated elevated point because the short-ness of the vent relative to the building would result in aerodynamic down-wash. The most logical model is, therefore, a volume source model, oricae which considers the wake effect. The model chosen has been discussed above.
A similar model employing virtual point sources for computing a values would have given comparable results.
Summary of the parameters used as input to the volume source model is shown below:
(Area = 2600 m2 , C = 0.5) l Release Period Wind S tability (m sec I) (Pasquill) 2 hr 2 F 24 hr 4.5 E 30 day *
- Integrated over 22.5 degree sectors utilizing joint f requency distributions of wind speed and stability.
A comparison was made between X/Q values as calculated by a ground level point release and by the volume source release. Ratios for selected points are shown in the following table.
Ratio of y/Q Values (Point /Vol. Source)
Distance / Release Period 2 Hr 24 Hr 0.73 kas (Nearest Site Boundary) 2.7 1.8 3.2 (Low Population Zone) 1.3 1.1 13.0 1.1 1.0 Amendment No. 3 2B-19 0313
Table 2B-1
's Comparison of Stability Frequencies (Percent of Total Hours)
Season Mod. Stable Slightly Stable woneral Unstable Fall 22.4 29.7 27.5 20.4 Winter 19.9 29.1 31.5 19.5 Spring 18 3 18.8 23.3 39.6 Summer 9.5 21.3 24.9 44.3
- Moderately Stable - Lapse Rate Exceeds 1.5'C/100m Slightly Stable - Lapse Rate between -0.5*C and 1.5*C/100m Neutral - Lapse Rate between 1.5*C and -0.5*C/100m Uns table - Lapse Rate less than 1.5'C/100m Table 2B-2 Frequency of Low Wind Speeds for All Directions with Moderately Stable Lapse Rate (Percent of Total Hours)
Season 0-3 mph (100 f t.)
Fall 1.31 Winter 0.73 Spring 0.38 Summer 1.17 Notes: Stability is referred to temperature difference between 5 and 150 f t. (1.5 and 46.0 meters)
Wind is referred to 100 ft. (30.5 meters)
Spring wind data are extrapolated from 300 ft., all other seasons are measured winds of 100 ft.
03.i4 .
i
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Amendment No. 3
- 2B-20 9-
s ~.
I N
b5 W lMM 0.26 E 1
l 1
l i
I S
miles per hour
-1 Fig. 23-3. Spring Windrose, 1969 - Davis-Besse site - 100 ft. level -
moderately stable .18.2% of total observations. (Interpolated data)
Amendment No. 3 03J5 2B-21 ,
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N '
\
W M 0.0 E 4
i i
1-3 4-7 8-12 13+
S a miles per hour l Fig. 2B-4. Summer Windrose,1969 - Davis-Besse site - 100 f t. level -
moderately stable - 9.5% of total observations. (Measured data) _
Amendment No. 3 (._
s
's
%Y
+
W 1.37 m -
E II \
l lS 4-7 8-12 13-19 19-24 miles per hour Fig. 2B-5. Fall Windrose, 1969 - Davis-Besse site - 100 ft. level -
l moderately stable - 22.4% of total observations. (Measured data)
Amendment No. 3 l
l ,
. 0317 2B-23 1 . -
N N
h e-1 W g 0.28 E 1
i i
I S
1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25-31 ca m miles per hour Fig. 2B-6. Winter Windrose, 1969 - Davis-Besse site - 100 ft. level -
moderately stable - 19.9% of total observations. (Measured daca) -
Amendment No. 3 0318 I i
N i
Table 2B-3 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed September through November - Moderately Stable .
Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 NE 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 ENE 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 E 0.0 0.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 ESE 0.3 1.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 1 SE 0.3 2.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 t
SSE 0.0 2.8 6.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 S 0.3 4.5 5.2 3.8 1.4 0.0 15.1 l SSW 1.4 2.4 10.3 6.2 0.0 0.0 20.3 )
SW 0.3 2.8 5.2 7.6 0.7 0.0 16.5 WSW 1.0 2.8 4.1 2.4 0.0 0.0 10.3 W 0.3 0.0 1.7 2.1 0.0 0.0 4.1 WNU 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 NW 0.0 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.4 NNW 0.0 1.4 2.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 N 0.0 1.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 Calm i.4 Total 4.5 24.4 43.6 24.1 2.1 0.0 i
Tctal No. Moderately Stable Cases = 291 or 22.4% of Total Observations l
l 0339 .)
Amendment No. 3 -
. _ _ - u-O t
Table 23-4 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed September through November - Slightly Stable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 NE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ENE 0.0 0.3 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.3 E 0.0 0.3 0.3 1.3 0.0 0,0 1.8 ESE 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.0 SE 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 SSE 0.5 1.3 5.4 3.4 0.5 0.0 11.1 S 0.0 1.3 2.3 4.2 4.4 1.0 13.2 SSW 0.3 1.3 6.7 5.2 1.6 0.5 15.5 SW 0.0 2.3 4.4 4.9 1.8 0.0 13.5 WSW 0.0 0.5 4.9 5.4 1.3 0.0 12.2 W 0.0 1.3 4.2 3.9 1.0 0.0 10.4 WNW 0.3 0.5 0.8 2.3 1.6 0.8 6.2 NW 0.0 0.5 0.3 4.4 1.3 0.0 6.5 NNW 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.3 0.0 2.3 N 0.3 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.6 Calm 0.0 Total 1.3 9.8 33.9 37.8 14.8 2.3 Total No. Slightly Stable Cases = 386 or 29.7% of Total Observations t ' -
0320 Amendment No. 3 2B-25
x Table 2B-5 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed c September through November - Neutral Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.3 0.3 1.7 2.0 0.3 0.0 4.5 NE 0.3 0.0 0.3 1.4 0.0 0.0 2.0 ENE 0.0 .03 .03 2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 E 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 ESE 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 SE 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 SSE 0.0 0.6 2.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 3.6
^
S 0.0 1.2 0.3 1.7 2.2 0.0 5.3 SSW 0.0 2.5 5.0 4.8 2.2 0.6 15 .1 SW 0.3 1.7 3.6 5.0 5.6 1.7 17.9 WSW 0.0 1.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.6 10.6 W 0.3 0.8 1.1 3.9 1.7 0.6 8.4 WNW 0.0 0.6 2.5 2.0 0.8 0.3 6.2 NW 0.0 1.4 3.4 3.4 1.1 0.8 10.1 NNW 0.0 0.6 2.2 2.2 0.3 0.3 5.6 N 0.0 0.6 2.2 3.1 0.3 0.0 6.2 Calm 0.0 Total 1.4 12.0 28.9 35.6 17.4 4.8 Total No. Neutral Cases = 357 or 27.5% of Total Observations g s /
t
^
0321.
Amendment No. 3 2B-26
- " 1 1 . ~
(
Table 2B-6 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed September through November - Unstable Wind _ Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 1.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 2.3 NE 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 ENE 0.0 0.8 1.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 3.4 E 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 ESE 0.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 SE 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 SSE 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 S 0.0 1.5 4.5 2.6 1.1 0.0 9.8 SSW 0.4 1.1 4.1 5.6 2.6 0.4 14.3 SW 0.0 1.9 5.6 4.1 5.3 0.8 17.7 WSW 0.0 1.5 2.6 4.1 3.4 1.9 13.5 W 0.0 0.4 3.0 2.6 1.9 0.4 8.3 WNW 0.4 0.4 3.0 2.3 1.9 0.0 7.9 NW 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.1 2.3 0.0 10.9 NNW 0.0 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 N 0.8 0.4 1.9 0.0 0.8 0.0 3.8 Calm 0.4 Total 2.6 13.9 33.8 26.3 19.6 3.4 Total No. Unstable Cases = 266 or 20.4% of Total Observations -
oaza ein;r-
.e, Amendment No. 3 2B-27
s Table 2B-7 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed September Chrough November Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.1 0.5 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.0 3.3 NE 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.0 0.1 0.0 2.1 ENE 0.1 0.4 2.0 1.5 0.4 0.0 4.4 E 0.1 0.5 1.8 1.0 0.1 0.0 3.3 ESE 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.1 SE 0.2 0.8 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 SSE 0.1 1.0 3.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 5.4 S 0.1 1.6 2.9 2.5 1.8 0.2 9.1 SSW 0.3 1.7 7.8 4.7 1.2 0.3 16.0 SW 0.2 2.1 5.5 4.9 2.6 0.5 15.6 WSW 0.3 1.5 3.8 3.2 1.5 0.4 10.6 ,
W 0.2 0.7 2.7 2.5 0.9 0.2 7.1 WNW 0.1 0.3 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.2 4.6 NW 0.0 1.1 2.0 3.0 0.9 0.2 7.2 NNW 0.0 0.6 1.5 0.9 0.5 0.1 3.6 N 0.2 0.3 1.5 0.9 0.2 0.0 3.1 Calm 0.4 Total 2.4 13.8 40.5 29.5 11.4 2.0 Total Observations = 1300
~
0323 'j' Amendment No. 3 2B-28
,~
t Table 2B-8 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed December through February - Moderately Stable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 NE 0.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 ENE 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 E 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 ESE 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 SE 0.3 0.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 SSE 0.6 1.4 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.0 3.4 S 0.0 0.9 3.4 1.4 1.1 1.4 8.2 SSW 0.6 1.1 9.0 3.1 1.1 1.1 16.1 SW 0.6 1.7 4.5 7.6 4.5 2.3 21.2 WSW 0.0 3.7 7.6 4.0 0.0 0.0 15.3 W 0.0 3.7 3.7 2.3 0.0 0.0 9.6 WSW 0.0 3.1 3.7 1.1 0.0 0.0 8.5 NW 0.6 0.9 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 3.4 NNW 0.3 1.7 1.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 4.2 N 0.0 1.7 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 Calm 0.3 Total 3.4 24.9 37.6 21.5 7.6 4.8 Total'No. Moderately Stable Cases = 354 or 19.9% of Total Observations k
1 4
oan g
- Amendment No. 3 2B-29 l
Table 2B-9 Percentage Frequency of Win 6 Direction and Speed December through February - Slightly Stable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-10 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.8 0.0 0.0 2.9 NE 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 ENE 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 E 0.4 1.8 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 ESE 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 SE 0.0 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 SSE 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 2.7 S 0.0 0.0 1.2 4.7 1.2 0.0 7.0 SSW 0.2 1.4 4.9 7.2 3.3 1.6 18.5
)
SW 0.2 1.0 4.3 6.6 2.1 2.1 16.3 WSW 0.2 0.4 4.3 7.0 2.0 0.0 13.8 W 0.0 0.6 1.4 2.0 1.2 0.6 5.6 WNW 0.2 1.0 2.9 4.9 1.2 0.4 10.5 NW 0.0 1.2 2.1 2.9 1.0 0.0 7.2 NNW 0.0 1.2 1.4 2.1 0.4 0.0 5.1 N 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 Calm 04 Total 1.8 10.5 29.0 41.3 12.5 4.7 Total No. Slightly Stable cases = 514 or 29.1% of Total Observations k l
. I Amendment No. 3 2B-30 )
1
ug l
i-Table 23-10 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed December through February - Neutral Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.2 0.4 2.9 3.4 0.9 1.4 9.1 NE 0.2 1.1 1.4 3.6 0.4 0.9 7.5 ENE 0.0 0.9 0.2 3.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 E 0.0 2.0 0.9 0.7 0.4 0.0 3.9 ESE 0.4 2.3 1.8 0.5 0.0 0.0 5.0 SE 0.2 1.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 SSE 0.2 1.6 0.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 2.9 S 0.0 0.4 1.3 1.4 0.9 0.0 3.9 SSW 0.0 0.9 2.7 1.1 1.4 0.2 6.3 SW 0.0 1.4 2.9 3.6 4.1 4.5 16.4 WSW 0.0 1.4 1.4 3.9 2.7 0.7 10 .2
~
W 0.0 0.4 1.6 1.4 0.5 0.4 4.3 WNW 0.4 0.2 1.1 4.8 1.6 0.0 8.0 NW 0.0 0.4 0.7 2.5 2.1 0.0 5.7 NNW 0.0 0.9 0.7 2.5 0.5 0.0 4.6 N 0.0 1.3 1.3 1.8 0.5 0.5 5.4 Calm 0.2 Total 1.4 17.0 21.6 35.0 16.3 8.6 Total No. Neutral Cases = 560 or 31.5% of Tota' Observations -
0326
(:-
M Amendment No. 3 2B-31
T Table 2B-11 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed December through February - Unstable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.3 1.7 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 4.9 NE 0.0 4.6 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 6.4 ENE 0.0 0.3 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 E 0.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 ESE 0.0 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 SE 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 SSE 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.2 S 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.0 3.8 SSW 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.2 1.5 2.3 7.8 SW 0.3 0.9 3.8 5.8 4.1 2.3 17.1 WSW 0.3 0.6 1.5 4.3 3.2 1.2 11.0 W 0.3 0.6 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.2 6.9 WNW 0.0 0.0 2.6 6.1 0.9 .03 9.8 NW 0.0 0.6 2.3 1.5 2.6 0.3 7.2 NNW 0.6 0.6 2.3 3.8 2.0 2.9 12.1 N 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 0.3 0.3 5.2 Calm 0.0 Total 2.0 13.6 26.9 29.8 17.1 10.9 Total No. Unstable Cases = 346 or 19.5% Total Observations 1
s ~~s u01:3,13 7' Amendment No. 3 2E-32
m Table 2B-12 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed December through February Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.1 0.7 1.6 1.8 0.3 0.5 4.9 NE 0.1 1.5 1.1 1.3 0.1 0.3 4.3 ENE 0.1 0.6 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 E 0.1 1.5 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.0 2.7 ,
ESE 0.2 1.2 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.7 SE 0.1 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.9 SSE 0.2 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 2.6
, S 0.1 0.4 1.6 2.3 1.0 0.3 5.6 SSW 0.2 0.9 4.5 3.4 1.9 1.2 12.1 SW 0.2 1.2 3.8 5.7 3.6 2.9 17.5 WSW 0.1 1.4 3.5 4.9 2.0 0.5 12.4 W 0.1 1.1 2.0 1.8 0.8 0.5 6.3 WNW 0.2 1.0 2.4 4.3 1.1 0.2 9.2 NW 0.1 0.7 1.6 2.0 1.5 0.1 6.0 NNW 0.2 1.1 1.3 2.4 0.7 0.6 6.1 N 0.0 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.2 3.3 Calm 0.2 Total 2.0 16.0 28.0 33.1 13.6 7.1 Total Observations = 1774 if ~
1 03?.B '
Amendment No. 3 2B-33 l
I
T Tabic 2B-13 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed March through May - Moderately Stable
__ Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4--j [ 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.5 2.1 NE 0.0 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.0 0.3 2.1 ENE 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.8 0.0 2.3 E 0.0 1.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 2.6 ESE 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.0 2.3 SE 0.0 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.0 3.1 SSE 0.3 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.0 3.1 S 0.3 1.8 3.1 4.6 5.1 0.0 14.8 SSW 0.0 0.8 2.3 5.9 4.9 0.8 14.6 i
SW 0.3 0.5 2.3 2.8 8.4 0.5 14.8 WSW 0.0 1.8 2.1 7.2 5.9 0.0 16.9 W 0.3 1.5 2.1 3.6 0.3 0.5 5 .2 WNW 0.0 0.5 2.1 4.4 0.0 0.0 c.9 NW 0.0 0.5 1.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 NNW 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 1.5 N 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 2.6 Calm 0.3
-Total 1.8 12.8 21.0 34.3 27.4 2.6 Total No. Moderately Stable Cases = 391 or 18.3% of Total Observationr, 1
Note: . All apring data (March-May) are extrapolated from 300 foot data.
~
n/
.: L 0329 Amendment No. 3 -
s
\
Table 2B-14 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed March through May - Slightly Stable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.8 0.3 4.5 NE 0.0 0.8 1.3 1.8 0.8 0.0 5.0 ENE 0.3 0.8 2.2 1.0 0.0 0.0 4.2 E 0.3 1.8 2.2 2.0 0.5 0.0 6.7 -
ESE 0.0 1.5 2.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 SE 0.0 0.8 3.0 1.8 1.0 0.0 6.5 SSE 0.0 0.8 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.0 3.5 S 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.7 2.7 1.0 9.0 SSW ,
0.0 0.5 1.5 1.7 4.5 4.0 12.2 i,
SW 0.3 0.8 1.5 3.2 3.5 0.5 9.7 WSW 0.0 0.5 1.5 5.7 2.2 0.3 10.2 W 0.0 0.0 0.5 5.0 0.5 0.5 6.5 WNW 0.0 0.0 1.0 4.5 0.5 0.0 6.0 NW 0.3 0.0 0.8 1.3 1.3 0.0 3.5 NNW 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 2.0 0.0 3.5 N 0.3 0.5 0.0 1.3 0.5 0.3 2.7 Calm 0.0 Total 1.8 9.5 22.7 36.7 22.2 7.2 Total No. Slightly Stable Cases = 401 or 18.8% of Total Observat ons Note: All spring data (March-May) are extrapolated from 3tl. foot data.
t 0330 a
~
Amendment No. 3 2B-35
T Table 2B-15 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed March through May - Neutral Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.4 1.8 3.8 1.6 2.6 10.2 NE 0.0 1.2 2.0 4.2 2.8 0.0 10.2 ENE 0.4 0.4 2.0 2.6 0.4 0.0 5.8 E 0.2 1.0 3.8 2.2 1.8 0.6 9.6 ESE 0.0 1.4 2.2 0.6 0.4 0.0 4.6 SE 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.8 0.0 0.0 2.2 SSE 0.0 0.2 1.2 1.6 0.4 0.0 3.4 S 0.0 0.6 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.4 3.8 SSW 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.4 6.0 SW 0.4 0.0 0.6 2.6 0.8 0.6 5.0 WSW 0.0 0.6 0.6 3.2 0.8 2.0 7.2 W 0.0 1.0 0.8 3.2 1.0 0.6 6.6 WNW 0.0 0.4 0.8 2.8 1.2 0.2 5.4 NW 0.0 1.8 1.8 1.4 1.2 0.4 6.6 NNW 0.4 0.0 0.4 2.4 2.8 0.8 6.8 N 0.2 0.4 1.0 3.8 0.8 0.0 6.2 Calm 0.2 Total 1.6 9.4 22.7 37.5 19.0 9.6 Total No. Neutral Cases = 499 or 23.3% of Total Observations Note: All spring data (March-May) are extrapolated from 300 foot data, i
r /
0331 Amendment No. 3 2B-36
Table 2B-16 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed March through May - Unstable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19 -24 25+ Total NNE 0.2 2.1 1.4 2.0 0.8 0.4 7.0 NE 0.5 2.2 3.4 2.2 0.5 0.1 9.0 ENE 0.5 3.0 , 4.5 2.1 0.6 0.0 10.6 E 0.5 2.9 3.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 7.9 ESE 0.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 3.2 SE 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 SSE 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.1 S 0.0 0.6 0.7 1.5 1.4 0.4 4.6 SSW 0.1 0.5 0.8 2.2 0.8 2.1 6.6
(
SW 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.9 0.9 0.4 5.7 WSW 0.1 0.6 1.4 5.8 3.0 0.4 11.2 W 0.1 0.2 1.2 3.5 1.3 0.8 7.2 WNW 0.0 0.2 1.2 2.1 1.3 0.4 5.2 NW 0.4 1.2 2.5 1.5 0.6 0.4 6.5 NNW 0.8 1.9 2.2 0.9 0.4 0.5 6.7 N 0.2 1.9 2.4 0.7 0.4 0.5 6.0 C.: n 0.5 Total 4.0 21.3 28.0 27.5 12.4 6.4 Total No. Unstable Cases = 848 or 39.6% 'of Total Observations Note: All spring data (March-May) are extrapolated from 300 foot data.
( .
0332 Anendment No. 3 2B-37
Table 2B-17 ,
Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed March through May Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.2 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.1 0.9 6.4 NE 0.2 1.4 2.1 2.4 1.0 0.2 7.3 ENE 0.3 1.6 2.7 1.7 0.5 0.0 6.8 E 0.3 2.0 2.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 7.1 ESE 0.0 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.0 3.9 SE 0.1 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.0 2.8 SSE 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.3 0.0 2.4 S 0.1 0.7 1.3 2.4 2.2 0.4 7.1 SSW 0.1 0.4 1.4 2.5 2.6 2.1 9.0 SW 0.3 0.6 1.4 2.5 2.8 0.5 8.0 WSW 0.1 0.8 1.4 5.4 2.9 0.7 11.1 W 0.1 0.6 1.1 3.7 0.9 0.7 7.1 WNW 0.0 0.3 1.2 3.1 0.9 0.2 5.7 NW 0.2 1.0 1.8 1.2 0.8 0.2 5.1 NNW 0.5 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.2 0.4 5.2 N 0.2 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.5 0.2 4.8 Calm 0.3 ,
Total 2.6 14.8 24.5 32.8 18.5 6.6 Total No. All Stabilities Combined Cases - 2139 or 100% of Total Observations Note: All spring data (March-May) are extrapolated from 300 foot data.
0333 -
l Amendment No. 3 l
s-
'2B-38 i
_ _ _ _ _. .,.m. m..
/
\
Table 2B-18 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed June through August - Moderately Stable Wind Speed (HTH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ENE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 E 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ESE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 SE 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 SSE 0.0 6.1 10.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 S 4.1 2.0 12.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 20.4 SSW 4.1 6.1 12.2 0.0 0.0 2.0 24.5 SW 0.0 0.0 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.1 i
WSW 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 W 2.0 4.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 WNW 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 NW 0.0 0.0 4.1 4.1 0.0 0.0 8.2 NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 Calm 0.0 Total 12.2 22.5 57.1 6.1 0.0 2.0 s
. Total No. Moderately Stable Cases = 49 or 9.5% of Total Observations
.i i
0334 Anendment No. 3 23-39
Table 2B-19 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed 4
June through August - Slightly Stable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 0.0 3.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 5.5 NE 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 ENE 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 E 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 ESE 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 SE 0.0 4.6 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 SSE 0.9 0.9 1.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 4.6 S 0.9 0.0 4.6 5.5 0.9 0.0 11.8 SSW 0.9 2.7 8.2 ' 3.6 0.0 0.0 25.5 s SW 0.9 0.9 4.5 3.6 2.7 0.0 12.6 WSW 0.9 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 4.6 W 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.8
'WNW 0.0 0.0 1.8 4.6 0.9 0.0 7.3 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 N 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 Calm 0.9 Total 4.6 13.6 41.8 34.6 4.6 0.0 Total No. Slightly Stable Cases = 110 or 21.27. of Total Observations Amendment No. 3 0335 2B-40
,e
\ .
Table 2B-20 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed June through August - Neutral Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.0 2.3 0.8 7.0 1.6 0.0 11.6 NE 0.0 1.6 5.4 7.0 2.3 0.0 16.3 ENE 0.8 3.9 7.0 0.8 1.6 0.0 14.0 E 2.3 7.0 4.7 1.6 0.0 0.0 15 .5 ESE 0.8 3.1 2.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 SE 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 SSE 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 S 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 SSW 0.0 1.6 2.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 8.5 i SW 0.0 0.8 1.6 5.4 0.8 0.0 8.5 WSW 0.0 0.8 1.6 2.3 1.6 0.8 7.0 W 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8
+;aW 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NNW 0.8 0.8 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 N 1.6 0.8 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 3.9 Calta 0.0 Total 7.0 24.8 27.1 31.8 8.5 0.8 Total No. Neutral Cases = 129 or 25.0% of Total Observations
(.s 0336 Amendment No. 3 23-41
T ,
Table 2B-21 Percer.tage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed I
June through August - Unstable Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 '13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 0.4 1.8 3.1 1.8 0.0 0.0 7.0 NE 0.4 3.1 3.1 2.2 0.4 0.0 9.2 ENE 0.0 3.1 6.1 2.2 0.0 0.0 11.4 E 0.4 5.2 7.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 14.0 ESE 0.4 3.9 2.6 0.9 0.0 0.0 7.9 SE 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 SSE 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 S 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.6 SSW 0.0 0.4 1.3 3.9 3.9 1.3 10.9 .
SW 0.0 0.4 1.8 7.4 2.6 0.4 12.7 -'
WSW 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.8 0.0 4.4 W 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.4 2.2 WNW 0.4 0.0 0.4 '0.0 0.4 0.0 1.3 NW 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 2.6 NNW 0.0 1.3 3.1 0.9 0.0 0.0 5.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 5.7 N 014 2.2 1.8 Calm 1.8 Total 2.6 22.3 34.5 26.6 10.0 2.2 Total No. Unstable Cases = 229 or 44.3% of Total Observations o
0337 -
Amendment No. 3 2B-42
____:_____.-a. .:._..
8 %
k Table 2B-22 Percentage Frequency of Wind Direction and Speed June through August Wind Speed (MPH) - From 100 Ft. Level Direction 1-3 4-7 8-12 13-18 19-24 25+ Total NNE 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 5.6 NE 1.0 2.2 2.3 1.4 0.2 0.0 7.1 ENE 0.9 3.0 2.9 1.4 0.1 0.0 8.2 E 1.3 3.0 2.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 6.9 ESE 0.9 1.9 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 3.7 SE 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5.
SSE 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.7 S 1.1 1.6 2.7 0.6 0.1 0.0 6.1 SSW 0.6 2.2 6.6 2.5 0.7 0.2 12.9
( SW 1.4 2.8 ,
6.0 2.8 1.0 0.3 14.3 WSW 1.1 1.9 3.9 1.8 0.6 0.1 9.4 W 0.7 1.2 1.9 0.6 0.3 0.1 4.7 WNW 0.5 1.3 1.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 3.6 NW 0.2 1.1 1.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 NNW 0.4 1.4 1.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 3.6 N 0.9 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.0 4.1 Calm 2.2 Total 12.9 29.4 37.5 14.2 3.2 0.6 Total Observations = 517 ,
Jll
( '
0338 Amendment No. 3 2B-43
~
s s
1 Table 2B-23 Inversion Persistence in Hours All Wind Direction and Speed October 1968 - February 1970 Duration - Hours 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 No. Observations 168 66 39 28 21 21 26
- 18 19 9 Cumulative % 30 41 48 53 57 60 65 68 72 73 Duration - Hours 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 No. Observations 16 8 14 16 19 23 23 8 5 4 Cumulative % 76 77 80 83 86 90 94 96 96 97 Duration - Hours 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 No. Observations 4 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 Cumulative % 98 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 Duration - Hours 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 No. Observations 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Cumulative % 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 Duration - Hours 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
- No. Observatione 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Cumulative %
- 99 99 99 99 99 100 99 100 100 100 Duration - Hours 51 52 53 54 55 56 -
l No. Observations 0 0 0 0 0 1 ,.
j' i Cumula~tive % 100 100 100 100 100 99
'h
! s l \ ,i-Amendment No. 3 2B-44
iI '
l a 5 3 6 3 3 3 9 9 0 7 2 3 4 2 0 5 8 t 1 3 3 3 9 7 8 6 9 3 8 9 5 4 1 0 o 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 T
0 1 4
5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
l 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
, e 1 7 v e 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y L 1
. l n . 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 t 1 7 f n 9 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 1 0 1 i 0 t y 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 c r 1 e a -
r u 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 i r s 1 2 D b r
- e u 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 B y F l o 1 2 b l
- 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 e e n 1 l c 8 i b n 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 a e 9 n 1 T t 1 o s i 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 i r t 1 s e a r b r 9 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 e o u P t D c 8 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 'O 8 5 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 d O d n n i i 7 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 4 0 2 2 3 0 0 W W 1 6 0 9 5 2 1 2 0 1 7 5 71 2 2 1 2 0 0 5 4 5 5 6 2 1 3 9 4 0 0 4 15 1 5 2 14 0 4 7 6 7 3 3 3 3 6 1 8 3 81 6 6 9 5 0 1 1 3 0 7 1 4 7 4 7 9 3 0 1 2 1 4 8 6 0 1 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 0 8 5 6 2 8 2 6 1 6 2 1 1 0 2 2 3 2 3 2 1 2 2 6 5 6 3 3 3 2 2 1 6 7 4 0 4 6 0 9 0 5 2 1 3 9 4 9 6 6 7 8 7 5 4 5 8 4 8 5 2 8 7 5 5 1 1 1 1 R
s l
r l
/
n o m i E E E E W W W W l t
c N E N S E S S W S N W N a _
d e N N E E E S S S S S W W W N N N c _
r _
-- , i _
< D
)fD c C ,
gkl" 2e. w
Table 2B-25 Stability Class Summary by Wind Direction at 100 Ft.
Percent of Total Observations June 1969 - February 1970 Wind Mod. Slightly Direction Stable Stable Neutrol Unstable Totals
-N .10 .77 2.33 1.31 4.51 NNE .12 .21 2.32 1.82 4.47 NE .15 .47 1.82 2.01 4.45 ENE .23 .58 1.83 2.33 4.97 E .37 .49 1.07 1.70 3.63 ESE .49 1.22 0.35 0.24 2.30 SE 1.60 1.70 0.76 0.17 4.23 SSE 2.30 2.84 1.03 1.30 7.47 S 3.36 5.10 2.76 3.09 14.31 )
SSW 2.83 3.89 4.03 4.12 14.87 SW 1.91 2.87 2.62 2.28 9.68 WSW 1.27 1.70 1.29 1.33 5.59 W 0.70 2.14 1.48 1.37 5.69 WNW 0.66 1.40 1.32 1.59 4.97 NW 0.59 0.72 1.26 1.72 4.29 NNW 0.46 0.47 1.45 1.43 3.81 Calm 0.47 0.10 0.02 0.17 0.76 Tctals 17.61 26.67 27.74 27.98 100.00 g
0341
~ Amendment No. 3 :.-
2B-46 ,
,-+
m
\
Table 2B-26 Relative Ground Level Concentration at Centerline ,
X/Q (see m-3) 2y (Using volume source, C q 0.5, A = 2600 m stability and E stability and2.04.5mmsecsec_{or for2-hr 24-hr release; release; .
and ground level point source integrated over all stabilities and windspeeds for SE sector for winter season which is " worst" 30-day case.)
Discance 2-Hr 24-Hr 30-Day
-6 6.41 x 10 -5 1.51 x 10
~
0.73 km 2.16 x 10 ' ~
1 1.63 4.37 9.85 x 10
-5 1.86 .3.68 2 8.44 x 10 3.2 4.68 1.04 1.85
~0 4 3.56 7.22 x 10 1.33
-8 5
6 2,15 4.18 7.28 x 10 8 1.47 2.84 4.76
-6 1.51 2.34 13 8.25 x 10 16 6.40 1.14 1.74
-7 -
24 4.15 7.08 x 10 9.78 x 10 '
32 3.13 4.94 6.55
-6 3.53 x 10
~7 4.82 40 2.30 x 10 l
l l
( 0342 l
Amendment No. 3
'23-47
/ References
- 1. Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data, 1966, Toledo, Ohio, ESSA
- 2. Local Climatological Data, Annual Summary with Comparative Data,1966, Cleveland, Ohio, ESSA
- 3. Climatological Data, National Summaries (1955-1959, 1964-1967), U. S.
Weather Bureau
- 4. Army, Navy and Air Force Manual, " Engineering Weather Data", TM-785, Department of the Army, April 1963
- 5. " Maximum Recorded United States Point Rainfall for 5 Minutes to 24 Hours", Technical' Paper No. 2, Revised 1963, U. S. Weather Bureau
- 6. " Maximum 24-Hour Precipitation in the United States", Technical Paper No. 16, U. S. Weather Bureau
- 7. " Snow Load Studies", Housing Research Paper 19, Housing and Home Finance Agency, 1952
- 8. " Glaze, Its Meteorology and Climatology, Geographical Distribution, and Economic Effects", Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center,1959, U. S. Army
- 9. " Hail Size and Distribution", Quartermaster Research and Engineering Center, 1958, U. S. Army
- 10. " Tornado Occurrences in the United States", Technical Paper No. 20, U. S. Weather Bureau
- 11. Thom, H. C. S. , " Tornado Probabilities", Monthly Weather Review, l October, November, December 1963
- 12. " Wind Forces on Structures", Paper No. 3269, American Society of Civil Engineers
- 13. Thom, H. C. S., "New Distributions of Extreme Winds in the United States", Journal of the Structural Division Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, July 1968
- 14. " Wind Pressures in Various Areas of the United States", Building l Materials and Structures Report 152, National Bureau of Standards,1959 j
- 15. Dickson, C. R., G. E. Start and E. H. Markee, " Aerodynamic Effects of ]
the EBR-II Reactor Complex on Efiluent Concentration",(to be published) '
- 16. Meteorology and Atomic Energy,1968, David Slade, Editor U. S. Atomic Energy Commission 034,3 2B-48 Amendment No. 3 l l