ML19319C284

Chapter 2 of Davis-Besse PSAR, Site & Environ. Includes Revisions 1-8

ML19319C284
Person / Time
Site:	Davis Besse
Issue date:	08/01/1969
From:	TOLEDO EDISON CO.
To:
References
NUDOCS 8002110786
Download: ML19319C284 (44)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 2 SITE AITD ENVIRONMENT 2-1 2.1

SUMMARY

2-1 2.2 SITE AND AIkTACENT AREAS 2-2 2.2.1 SITE IOCATION 2-2 2.2.2 SITE OWNERSHIP 2-2 2.2 3 SITE ACTIVITIES 2-2 2.2.4 TOP 0 GRAPHY 2-3 2.2 5 POPULATION 2-3 2.2.6 IAND USE 2-4 2.2.6.1 Agriculture 2-4 2.2.6.2 Industry 2-4 2.2.6 3 Recreational 2-5 2.2.6.4 Restricted Areas 2-5 2.2.7 ACCESS AND EGRESS 2-6 2.2.8 MAKEUP WATER SUPPLY 2-6 2.2 9 AIRCRAFT ACTIVITIES 2-6 23 METEOR 0IOGY 2-7 2.4 HYDROIOGY 2-7 2.4.1 LAKE HYDROLOGY 2-7 2.4.1.1 General 2-8 2.4.1.2 Lake Levels 2-8 -

2.4.1 3 Lake Currents 2-9a 2.4.1.4 Dilution and Diffusion 2-9b 3 2.4.2 CHARACTERISTICi 0F STREAMS 2-9b-2.4 3 TEEAINAL DISPOSAL OF STOEM RUNOFF 2-10 2-1 #

Amendment No. 3 j m

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2.4.4 HISTORICAL FIDODING 2-10 2.h.5 GROUNDWATER 2-11 2.h.5.1 General , 2-11 2.k.5 2 Occurrence and Movement 2-11 2.k.5 3 We11s 2-12 2.h.5.h Quality 2-13 2.k.5 5 Migration of Radioactive Ions 2-13 2.h.5 6 Conclusions 2-lh 2.h.6 WATER SUPPLY 2-15 25 GEOLOGY 2-16 25.1 GDIERAL 2-16 25.2: REGIONAL AND LOCAL PHYSIOGRAPHY 2-16 1

253 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 2-16 '

2 5 3.1 Strategraphy 2-16 2 5 3.2 Structural Features 2-16 2 5.k SITE GEOLOGY 2-17 2 5.h.1 Soil Strata 2-17 I

2 5'.h.2 Rock Strata .

2-17 255 CONCLUSIONS 2-17 2.6 SEISMOLOGY 2-18 2.6.1 GENERAL 2-18 l

2.6.2 SELECTION OF THE MAXIMUM PROBABLE AND MAXIMUM POSSIBLE EARTHQUAKES 2-18 2.

6.3 CONCLUSION

S 2-19 27 SUBSURFACE CONLITIONS 2-20 ,

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i D-B Section Page 271 GENERAL 2-20 272 SOILS CONDITIONS 2-20 2.7.3 BEDROCK CONDITIONS 2-20 2 7.k LABORATORY TESTING 2-20 275 DESIGN CRITERIA 2-20 2 7.6 FOUNDATION EVALUATION 2-21 277 CONTINUING EVALUATIONS 2-21

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2.8 SITE ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY PROGRAM 2-22 2.8.1 GENERAL 2-22 2.8.2 SAMPLING 2-22 2.8.2.1 Land Environment 2-22 2.8.2.2 Water Environment 2-22 2.8.3 RADIONUCLIDE RECONCENTRATION 2-22

2.9 REFERENCES

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D-B LIST OF TABLES (At Rear of Section)

Paae No. Title 2 .' Population Centers Within 50 Mile "adius 2-2 Su=mer and Winter Population Distribution 0-5 Miles 2-3 Population Projection by Counties Within 50 Miles of Station Site 2-h Actual 1965 and Projected 1980 Land Use 2-5 Agricultural Land Use in Counties Within 50 Miles of Station Site 2-6 Livestock in Counties Within 50 Miles of Station Site 2-7 Parks and Recreation Areas in Ottawa County 2-8 Reservoirs and Lakes Within a 50 Mile Radius 2-9 Stream Flow Data for Toussaint Creek

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2-10 Chemical Analyses of Groundwater and Surface Water Samples 7

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D-B LIST OF FIGURES (At Rear of Section)

Figure No. Title 2-1 Site Location and Geographic Features 20 Mile Radius 2-2 Site Location and Geographie Features 50 Mile Radius 2-3 Ststion Location and Site Boundaries 2h Su::::ner Population Distribution 0-5 Miles 2-5 Winter Population Distribution 0-5 Miles 26 Population Distribution 5-50 Miles 2-7 Restricted Areas 2-8 Location of Wells and Water Sa:nples 095 JMML-m 2-v

D-E 2 SITE AND ENVIRONMENT 2.1 Suc4ARY The characteristics of the site have been investigated to establish bases for determining criteria for storm ficod and earthquake protection and to evaluate the capacity of the site for dilution and dispersion of routine and accidental releases of radioactive liquids and gases to the environment.

An extensive field progran to investigate geology, seismology and hydrology of the site has been completed. A meteorological program with a weather observaticn tower located on-site has been in progress since late su==er of 1968. An extensive limnology program was initiated in early su=ner of 1968.

At least 18 months prior to planned operation a radiological study of the site environment will be initiated.

The station site is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Erie in Ottawa County, Ohio, approximately 21 miles east of Toledo and approximately nine miles northwest of Port Clinton, Ohio. The area is generally agricultural with no major industry in the vicinity of the station. Military installa-tions, firing ranges and other ordnance testing activities in the area have been investigated and found to have no significant effect on the safety of the site. The population growth rate within a five mile radius of the sta-tion has been projected at less than 1.4 per cent per year.

The site is primarily marshland with the western area rising to 4-6 feet above the lake level. The area around the nuclear station will be built up and protected approximately 16 feet above mean low lake level. The station will be founded on the dolomitic rock which underlies the site at a depth of approximately 20 feet.

The site is well ventilated and is not subject to severe persistent inver-sions. While tornadoes occur in the region, few affect the lake shore direct 1/. Vinds of 90 miles per hour for short duration can be expected g on an average of once in 100 years.

The environmental characteristics of the site make it well suited for the location of a nuclear nower station. It is concluded that a nuclear power station can be bui? t and operated on this site with no undue risk to the health and safety of the public.

The construction and operation of a nuclear pover generating station on this site meets the reactor siting criteria described by the Coefission in 10 CFR 100 for the following reasons:

a. The site, consisting of approximately 900 acres, provides l an exclusion area with a minimun exclusion distance of '

2400 feet from the station to the nearest boundary.

b. There are no residences on the site.

c. The total 1969 population within a five mile radius of the site is approximately 3,233, with an expected growth to 5,381 by the year 2000. The nearest boundary of a population center is 20 miles distant.

Amendment No. 8 2-1

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d. As tabulated in Chapter 14, the total radiation doses under )

postulated hypothetical accidents to an individual at the boundary of the exclusion area or at the boundary cf the low population zone are within the limits prescribed by 10 CFR 100.

c. The population density, expected population growth rate, and the use characteristics of the environs are compatible with the cperation of the nuclear power station.

f. The geological, hydrological, meteorological and seismological characteristics of the site are suh. ale for the location of the station.

g. The low population zone radius is two miles with an estimated 1969 pemanent population of 637 residents within this zone.

2.2 SITE AND ADJACENT AREAS 2.2.1 SITE IDCATION The site, located in Ottava County, Ohio, will include a minimum of 900 acres. About half of the site area is marshland located to the southwest of the shoreline of Lake Erie.

The station vill be located approximately in the center of the site providing i a minimum exclusion radius of approximately 2,400 feet.

Figure 2-1 and 2-2 show the geographic features for a 20 mile and 50 mile radius. Figure 2-3 is an aerial photograph of the site area with the site boundaries and station location shown.

I 2.2.2 SITZ OWNERSHIP '

The entire site as shown on Figure 2-3 vill be owned as tenants in co= mon, j c by The Tohdo Edison Company and The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company.

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The largest portion of the site has been acquired under an agreement with the -

Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife of the Department of Interior, United States Government. As a part of this agreement, the unused marsh areas of the site vill be leased to the Bureau for management as a National Wildlife Refuge. These marsh areas ce.n be identified on Figure 2-3 2.2 3 SITE ACTIVITIES l

The upland area in the westerly portion of the site is now farmland and will continue to be farmed after the station is built.

As noted in 2.2.2, the marsh areas of the site vill be leased to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife as a wildlife refuge.  !

There vill be no persons with a domestic residence within the site bound-aries. There vill be no activities within the site boundaries except those )

associated with station construction and operation and with farming or '"'

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D- B management of the refuge area.

2.2.4 TOPOGRAPHY The topography of the site and its immediate environs is relatively flat with elevations varying from the lake shore (mean low lake level 568.6 feet above mean sea level) to approximately six feet above the level of the lake. The Toussaint River flows into the lake immediately to the south of the site.

The site itself has very little slope and is relatively marshy on its east-ern portions. A narrow beach ridge, elevation approxtnately 575, provides a line of separation between the marsh and the lake. The western portion of the site stands three to six feet above lake level. The nuclear station is to be located on the eastern edge of this upland section, approximately in the center of the site. The station elevation will be raised to provide protection against high water to an elevation of 585 All elevations in this report, unless otherwise noted, are referred to mean water level at Father Point, Quebec, International Great Lakes Datum (1955).

The general topography of the site region is virtually featureless, with no natural promontories. The land close to the site is low and marshy, with general?.y poor natural drainage. The major topographical feature of the area is the broad expanse of Lake Erie to the north and east of the site.

2.2 5 POPULATION The site is located approximately '" niles from the nearest boundary of Toledo, and a similar distance fr ue nearest boundary of Sandusky. These two cities, with 1960 populations of 379,233 and 31,989 respectively, are the two closest population centers. The oily city nearer to the site with a population approaching that of a population center as defined by 10 CFR 100 is Fremont, 17 miles south of the station. Fremont had a 1960 popula-tion of 17,573 All population centers within a 50 mile radius of the station are listed in Table 2-1.

There are two populated areas, consisting of su=ner cottages, within a five mile distance from the site. One area is north of the site along the lake shore approximately two thirds mile away. The other area is southwest of the site along the shore of the Toussaint River approximately two thirds mile away.

Total present and projected annuli and cunulative populations within a five mile radius of the station for both permanent residents and total su=ner population are tabulated in Table 2-2. As indicated on this table, the total sunner population in this area is expected to increase from only 3,233 in 1969 to 5,2h2 over the next 31 year projection period. This corresponds g to a growth rate of less than 1.6 percent per year.

Approximately 63 percent of the total population within a five mile radius l of the station are permanent residents. The remaining 37 percent are summer resort residents who live in cottages on the lake and the river only during the su=mer months.

Amendment No. 8 2-3

D-3 Table 2-2 also shows that in 1969 there are only 1,564 total residents living ,

within a two mile distance from the station, of which only 637 reside year '

around in this area.

Figure 2-4 chovs the total 1969 estimated su=ner population and projected 1980 and 2000 su=mer distribution in 16 directional sectors centered on the site and within 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mile annuli. Figure 2-5 shows similar o-5 mile data for the pemanent resident population.

Projections of population for this area are based on the assu=ption thet ic vill retain its respective percentage of the 1960 census population of ottava County. ottava County pom1ation projections are shown on Table 2-3

" Population Projections by Coun; Within 50 Miles of Station Site".

Data showing 1960 census and projected 1980 and 2000 populations in eight directional sectors within 5 to 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mile annuli are presented in Figure 2-6. The total 1960 census population within the 5 to 20 mile distance from the station is estimated at 91,396. Projected popula-tion for this area is estimated at 118,708 by 1980 and 168,426 by the year 2000. This represents an expected increase in population for this area of only 84% over a forty year period, or approxinately 1 5% increase per year.

Total 1960 census population within the 5 to 50 mile distance from the sta-tion is estimated at 1,811,314. Projected population for this area is estimated at 2,667,425 by 1980 and 4,244,694 by the year 2000. This repre-sents a 134 percent expected increase in population over the forty year period or 2.1 percent increase per year.

The source of all population projection data for ohio counties is the Economic Research Division of the Ohio Development Department,1968. Pro-

'jection data for Michigan and ontario Counties was developed by Doxiadis Associates and the Detroit Edison Company under the direction of Constantinos Doxiacis. Base 1960 population estimates vera taken from the 1960 census data.

2.2.6 IAND USE The actual 1965 and the projected 1980 land use for ottava County is given in Table 2-4.

2.2.6.1 Agriculture Agriculture is a majcr source of income in ottava County; the major crop of the county includes peaches, grapes, apples, corn, wheat, soy beans, oats, hay, tomatoes, pumpkins and sugar beets. Raising of livestock is not a major activity in this arer4. Farming activities in the count; . m expected to decrease slightly in the future as indicated in Table 2-4. The agricultural land use for all counties within 50 miles of the station site is shown in Table 2-5 The livestock in these_ counties is shown in Table 2-6.

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s The following table gives the location of dairy cows within five miles of the station site:

Distance from Station Direction from Station Number of Head 1 Miles SSW 2 2 WSW 59 3 3b SSW 52 h S 20 The e.bove data on dairy cows was obtained from the Ottava County Cooperative Extension Service and is based on their 1967 TB test data for dairy cows and their knowledge of any herd size changes through 1969 in ottava County. Most of the milk products from these cows is sold directly to dairies.

2.2.6.2 Industry In March 1965 there were 67 =anufacturing fir =s in ottava County, of which e .. 100 I l

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D-B only 8 had over 100 employees. These firms are centered in and around Port Clinton. Major products and activities include gypsun products, rubber products, boat building and repairing, and canning. None of the products or activities of the industry would be adversely affected by a nuclear pw.7r station located at this site. As indicated in Table 2-4 the industrial land use in Ottawa County will increase from an actual 3,326 acres in 1965 to a projected 6,300 acres in 1980.

The Erie Industrial Park, located approximately four miles to the southeast, was known until 1966 as the Erie Ordnance Depot. This Depot was deactivated and sold to the Ottawa County Community Development Corporation which in turn sold it to the Uniroyal Corporation on a lease purchase arrangement.

The Jet and Ordnance Division of TRW, Incorporated (TRW) established an ord-nance test facility on the Depot in 1965 and has continued to operate the facility on a lease basis from Uniroyal. Uniroyal has the largest plant at the park, and there are twelve other smaller industries located in the park.

These industries and the service groups for the park employ about 850 people.

2.2.6.3 Recreational This area is one of active duck hunting and sport fishing. The nuclear gen-erating station will be designed and operated with no adverse effect on the fish and wildlife of the area.

As noted earlier, more than half of the site is being leased to the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wfidlife for management as a national wildlife refuge for migratory water fowl. Toledo Edison Company will cooperate fully with the Fish and Wildlife Service and with local authorities in protection of the recreational attributes of the site environs.

Table 2-7 shows all parks and recreational areas in Ottawa County.

2.2.6.4 Restricted Areas There are some areas of Lake Erie adjacent to the station site which are established as Restricted Areas for use by segments of the Armed Forces in perforning training missions using aircraft, ground weapons and airborne weapons. These restricted areas are shown en Figure 2-7 Area I is used for small aras firing frcm Camp Perry, an Ohio National Guani

, facility. Area II is used as na inpact area for antiaircraft firing from Camp Perry and as an impact area for weapon test firing by TRR locates at the Erie Industrial Park.

l Area III, which is located about ten miles north of the site, is used by air-craft from the Grosse Ile Naval Air Station in Michigan as an Anti-Submarine I harfare practice area and by the Lockbourne Air Force Base at Colu= bus, Ohio l as an impact area for automatic weapon firing from aircraft.

The use of the Restricted Areas in the vicinity of the station site does not significantly affect the safety of the station and the station can be con-structed and operated at this site with no undue risk to the health and safety of the public..resulting from this usage.

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D-B A detailed study of the use of these Restricted Areas has been made and is included in this report as Appendix 2A.

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2.2 7 ACCESS AND EGRESS 7he immediate station area vill be fenced in with all access gates con-

rolled. The station vill be served by at least one access road.

The major highway serving the station site is Ohio State Route 2. This highway generally follows the south shore of Lake Erie. It runs east to Port Clinton and Sandusky, Ohio and vest to Oregon and Toledo, Ohio. This highway runs along the west boundary of the station site and *at the north-west corner of the site it turns and runs straight vest. This highway crosses the Toussaint River on a two-lane bridge at the southwest corner of the site (see Figure 2-1).

Ohio State Route 19 runs south from State Route 2 to Oak Harbor and Fremont, Ohio. This highway crosses the Toussaint River about three miles vest of the station site. A county road runs directly vest from the site one half mile south of State Route 2 to State Route 19 These roads provide adequate access and egress from the site.

2.2.8 1%KEUP WATER SUPPLY Makeup water is supplied to the station in order to replenish losses due to leakage, evaporation, blowdown as well as water that is vasted )

through systems opeation. The source of the makeup water vill be from 8 Lake Erie via the intake water system with the pumps located in the in-take structure building. All makeup water vill pass through traveling screens and vill be chlorinated to control marine growth in the supply systems conduits.

The potable and sanitary water for the station vill also come from Lake Erie 8l via the intake water system and vill be suitably treated for this use.

2.2 9 AIRCRAFT ACTIVITIES The closest airport serving commercial airlines is Toledo Express Airport.

This airport is 38 miles vest of the station site. The nearest airport with a paved runway is at Port Clinton, Ohio and it is located east-southeast thirteen miles away.

The nearest VHF Omni-Directional Radio Range Airway is designated V232 and runs MN and ESE about. seven miles south of the station site.

The air space immediately over the station site and extending about seven miles out over Lake Erie is restricted to all civilian aircraft. This restriction is due to the activities discussed in Appendix 2A.

Ncne of the aircraft activities in the vicinity of the site are considered a hasard to this station.

AmeniimentIfo.8E),',, 2-6' -

D-B 23 METEOR 0IDGY The meteorology of the Locust Point site of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station of The Toledo Edison Company, while generally continental in nature, is modified by the presence of Lake Erie which moderates the extremes of temperature and increases the humidity and cloudiness. Precipitation is moderate and evenly distributed throughout the year.

High winds, when they occur, are usually associated with su=mer thunderstorms or winter time cyclonic storms. While tornadoes are rather co= mon in Ohio, the probability of one striking a point within the one-degree square in which the s'.te is located is 6 3 x 10-4 The associated recurrence interval is once '.n approximately 1,590 years.

The surrounding terrain is flat and low lying. The only natural feature which must be considered as to possible influence on atmospheric dispersion is Lake Erie lying to the north and east of the staticn site. Differential heating between the land and lake surface, particularly during the summer months, leads to the development of a " lake breeze." Analysis of on-site data indicates the importance of the lake breeze is more in detemining the direction of travel of material released into it rather than the rate at which it will be dispersed.

Critical winds for the site are those frem 90 to 100 degrees which would transport any airborne effluent towards Toledo, or from 300 degrees which would give a trajectory towards Po:-t Clinton and Sandusky. On-site data gathered during the fall, winter, and spring months indicates trajectories towards Toledo would occur 8.4 percent of the time and towards Sandus'ry 6.8 percent of the time.

In general, there are no unusual terrain or meteorological features which would make this site unfavorable from an atmospheric dispersion standpoint.

A complete long-term general climatology of the area, plus a shorter ters analysis of the diffusion climatology as obtained from an instrumented 300 ft. tower are presented in detail in Appendix 23 2.4 HYDROLOGY 2.4.1 IAKE HYDROID(Tl Lake Erie is one of the smallest of the Great Lakes. It is, however 241 miles long frcm west to east and has an average widish of 57 miles. It has a maximum depth of 210 feet, and average depth of c0 feet and covers an area of 9,910 square miles. About 2,200 square miles of this lake are within a 50 mile radius of the station site and the average depth within this radius is about 25 feet. The total volume of water in Lake Erie is approximately 110 cubic miles and the annual flow of water out of Lake Erie is about 40% of this total volume.

All other lakes and reservoirs hpng a surface area of 100 acres or more and within 50 miles of the station' site are shown in Table 2-8.

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D-B 8l2.k.11 General

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The station and all critical structures are over 3,000 feet fro = the Lake Erie shoreline. Its grade floors level vill be built up to 585* feet above MSL and the station vill be designed for normal power generation at any water level up to this elevation. In addition, a breakvater dike vill be installed 8 along the north and east side of the station to protect it against flooding due to vaves and wave runup during a probable maximum meteorological event.

Station service water and makeup water for its condenser cooling tower vill be drawn from Lake Erie. All radioactive liquid vaste generated at the sta-tion vill be collected, tre.sted and reused or discharged. The liquid vaste discharge vill be monitored to assure compliance with 10 CFR 20.

2.h.l.2 Lake levels The static water levels in the vestern basin of Lake Erie are affected by long term and annual cyclic variations in the mean monthly leve? from the 8 3 mean lov vater level, and short period variations in the daily level from the monthly mean level due to vind tides and seiches. This subject of lake levels has been investigated and the resalts of this investigation are 3I su=marized in this section.

The mean lov vater level datum of Lake Erie is 568.6* feet above MSL. The maximum variations in the mean monthly level are h.2 feet above datum and 3.2 reet below datum for the 107 year period that data has been collected.

8 A probable maximum variation of h.8 feet above and 1.5 feet below datum has s been used at Davis-Besse. )

3l The short period variations in the daily level from the monthly mean level are due to both a lengthwise vind tide which produces the greatest dis-turbance of water level and a transverse seiche in the vest end of Lake Erie which can oscillate between the northern and southern shores. The recorded maximum transverse seiche has been 0.8 feet and we are using a probable maximum value of 1.0 feet at Davis-Besse. A uninodal lengthvise seiche on Lake Erie can contribute some increment to the vind tide but the maximum amplitude of the uninodal seiche cannot coincide with the maximum vind tide.

8 A probable maximum meteorological event was used to determine the maximum rise in lake level due to vind tides. This meteorological event vould have a maximum ENE or WSW vinds at any one location of 100 miles per hour f or a ten minute period and the vind speed would exceed 70 miles per hour during the six hour period both before and after the maximum vind :; peed. The pro-cedure developed by Platzman (1) was applied to this storm to determine the maximum vind tide rise and fall at Toledo. Since Davis-Besse is located about 80% of the way from the vind tide node (point in lake where no vind tide change in lake level occurs) to Toledo, vind tide variations at Davis-Besse were reduced by 20% from Toledo vind tides. This procedure gave a maximum vind tide rise with ENE vinds of 9.3 feet. This same probable maximum storm with vinas out of the WSW would .cause a maximum vind tide drop of 9.3 feet.

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D-B O For the probable maximum high water level condition at the site the 9.3 foot vind tide could occur at the time of the 4.8 foot long term high =onthly mean lake level, and under conditions whcre the transverse seiche vould be adding 8 one foot of lake elevation. The total would be 151 feet above the low water datum or a probable maximum high static water levet of 583.7* feet above MSL.

Wind-generated waves are limited in their dimensions by vind velocity, by l3 fetch (open-vater distance available for vind action), by water depth, nd by duration of the vind. Higher wind velocities , longer fetches , deeper 8 vater, and longer vind durations all increase the heights , lengths , and velocities of the waves . Neither vind velocity nor duration of wind are 13 subject to control by the lake basin, but fetch and depth are a physical 18 characteristic of the lake basin. At Davis-Besse the available fetch plays an i=portant part in the height of the maximum wave that might arrive at the 3 station, on top of the maximum static high water level from other causes.

The probable =aximum high water that could occur at Davis-Besse is pre-dominantly the result of wind tide under prolonged strong vind from the ENE. 8 The station's site is in the vestern basin of Lake Erie, and wind-waves generated by ENE vinds over the rest of the lake find their access to the western basin al=ost completely blocked by the islands that separate the western basin from the central basin. Those parts of waves from the eastern 3 parts of the lake that succeed in passing through the islands are damped, refracted, and reflected into a confused sea around the vestern sides of the islands . From here the ENE vind must construct the maxi =um wave that will bear upon Davis-Besse. Toward ENE from the station's site the =aximum fetch is 12.5 statute miles.

Using the equations and curves developed in the U. S. Ar=y Coastal Engir.eer-ing Research Center's (CERC), Technical Report No. h (TR 4), " Shore Protection, Planning and Design" (2), the ENE 100 mile per hour vind assoc-iated with 'he probable maximum meteorological event would produce a mimm wave heignt (rifference between wave crest and trough) of 11 feet at the leke's nor= a shoreline. Other equations and curves in the CERC, TR h indicate that these waves would break in 15 feet of water. These larger waves generating in the lake vill break when they reach the normal shoreline, as the ground rises to elevation of about 575* feet and higher above MSL along the shoreline. However, smaller waves generated in the lake up to a height of 6.5 feet would pass over the beach without breaking at the maximum probable 8 static water level. These smaller waves will build up to a height of about 8.7 feet in the =arsh area and vill break when they reach the elevated area around the station. The finished grade and roadways around the station vill be built up to about elevation 583* feet above MSL for a distance of 250 feet to the east and north of the building. This elevated area around the station vill be protected along the north and east sides by an earthfill breakvall built up to an elevation of 591.0* reet above MSL to pzotect against the wave -

and vave runup. This breakvall vill be about 15 feet vide at the top. The lakevard side of the breakvall and the banks of the built up area vill have a three to one slope and will be protected against wave action with riprap. i The maximum wave runup on this breakvall vill be 6.8 feel, above the probable I maximum static water level of 583.T* feet above MSL. This will give a maximum water level on the breakvall of 590 5* feet above MSL. As a result, no large unbroken waves will reach the statio ' uildings . ,

Y l 2-9 Amendment No. 8

D-B The station's ground floor elevation of 585* feet above MsL will protect the station against the maximum probabl,e static water level of 583 7* reet above MSL. Its location about 3,000 feet from the shoreline, the elevated land along the shoreline and the breakwater at the station vill protect the sta-tion against wa" netion at the maximum probable water level.

The intake structure vill not be protected by the breakvall on the marsh side and this structure vill be desi6ned to accept the wave action directly. The cooling towers vill be located outside of the diked area and could be sub-jected to wave action vaich would require it to be taken out of service. In this event, the station can be brought to a safe and orderly shutdown condi-tion and maintained in this condition since all other systems are fully protected.

The extreme low level vind tide of 9.3 feet could occur at the time when the monthly mean lake level was at the long-term low probable level of 1.5 feet below datum, and when the transverse seiche was removing one foot of lake elevation. The total vould be 11.8 feet below the water datum or a probable extreme lov vater level of 556.8* feet above MSL.

g The water intake canal vill be dredged to an elevation of about 559.6* reet onsite from Station 7+00 and terminate with a diked closure at the existing shoreline.

To supply lake water to this closed canal, a submerged intake pipe vill extend into the lake from the shoreline approximately 2,500 feet to an intake crib.

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This diked closure across the end of the intake canal vill be built up to an elevation of about 575* feet above MSL which is the same elevation as the remainder of the beach area. At this probable extreme lov vater condition, the station would not be able to obtain enough lake water for normal operation with power generation. There vill, however, be sufficient water impounded in the deeper Class I excavation at the intake structure forebay area to provide for a safe and orderly shutdown of the station and to provide sufficient cooling water for the engineered safety features and normal station functions.

During much of the vinter season, portions of the lake are covered with ice.

The intake crib vill be designed to prevent ice pileup from da= ming up the intake pipe and cutting off the station's service water supply.

2.h.l.3 Lake currents The prevailing current of the Detroit River crosses the vestern basin of Lake Erie and divides into eastern and vestern flows at Davis-Besse and the off-shore currents in the site vicinity are generally oscillatory because of the general flow pattern being influenced by wave-Senerated currents.

The littoral drift is not strong in the area of the station s.itt and is generally vesty rd in the region to the vest and is eastward in the region to the east.M 2.h.l.h Dilution and Diffusion j 8l Field data has been obtained to evaluate the dilution and diffusion of any *

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^ radioactive discharge into the lake originating from operation of the station.

This data has been obtained as a part of the li=nology study being undertaken by the Great Lakes Research Institute of the University of Michigan. The results of this study are included as a part of Appendix 2D.

8 It is planned that some liquid vaste vill be released into the discharge water system and the resulting average radioactivity concentrations will be =uch less than the MPC limits of 10 CFR 20. The additional dilution from the lake currents vill assure that any radioactivity will be well below MPC at the point of the water intake syste=s for Erie Industrial Park, Ca=p Perry, and Port Clinton to the east and Oregon and Toledo to the vest.

2.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS The Toussaint River empties into Lake Erie about ik miles southeast of the station's site. This stream flows about 3/4 of a mile to the south of the site. This stream becomes Toussaint Creek about six =iles upstream from its mouth. No water vill be either taken from or discharged into this stream for use in this station.

The headwaters of the Toussaint Creek have a =aximum elevation of about 670* l8 feet above MSL. This stream has a drainage area of about 1h3 square miles and an average slope of about two feet per =ile. The lower six miles of the stream are much vider than the remainder and, as a result, its level in this vider section is controlled by the level of Lake Erie. In this vider section 3 it flows at the Lake Erie mean lov lake level of 568.6* feet above MSL. l8 The U. S. Geological Survey operates a spot check stream flov station at a point about ik =iles vest of Limestone, Ohio. The Toussaint Creek at this flow station drains about one-half of the total diainage area of the total stream flow shown in Table 2-9 During peak periods of precipitation the l3 flows in this stream vill be higher. A probable =aximum rainfall of 188,000 acre-feet in the Toussaint drainage area has been used to determine the maximum water level of this stream at Davis-Besse. Assuming that none of this water reached Lake Erie or soaked into the ground, this volume of water 8 vould not cause the Toussaint River to rise above 580* feet above MSL adjacent to the station site.

The station's ground floor elevation of 585* feet above MSL, which is six to sixteen feet above the present site ground elevation, provides protection 3l8 against flooding by this stream.

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• All elevations are based on " International Great Lake Datum"'(I.G.L.D.).

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amer 2-9b Amendment No. 8  ;

D-B 2.4 3 TEIMINAL DISPOSAL OF STORM RUNOFF )

The area immediately surrounding the station will be adequately drained to provide protection against flooding by heavy precipitation. The maximum rainfall reported in this area in a 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> period is approximately six inches.

2.4.4 EISTORICAL FID0DDiG As indicated in Sectf on 2.4.13, flooding of most of the site area as a result of high Lake Erie water may be expected but the nuclear station and its critical equipment will be protected to an elevation of 585 feet above 1 lMSL, approx 1=ately 3 5 feet above the extreme high Lake Erie flood level.

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108 Amendment No. 3^ 2-10

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2.h.5 GROUNDWAfER 2.h.5.. General The site is underlain by a glaciolacustrine deposit and a till deposit which overlie sedimentary bedrock. The soil deposits , which essentially consist of silty clay, have very low permaability and are considered impervious.

Their combined thickness is on the order of 20 ft. The bedrock consists of the Tymochtee formation underlain by the Greenfield formation. These forma-tions consist of nearly horizontal beds of argillaceous dolomite with shale, gypsum, and anhydrite, to a depth of at least 200 ft below ground surface.

The presence of the impervious soil deposits has produced an artesian ground-vater condition in the bedrock, which is the aquifer in the site locality.

In the station area, the combined thickness of the soil deposits is app.oximately 17 ft. The bedrock is quite pervious, mainly in the upper 30 to 50 ft, and contains open joints and bedding planes. In some locations, the joints and bedding planes have been enlarged to solution.

In the station area and vest of the station area, the ground surface is at approximately el 576. North, east, and south of the station area there are marshes. Beyond the marshes, north and east of the s"ation area and separated from the marshes by a sand bar, is Lake Erie. South of the station area, be-yond the =arshes, is the Toussaint River. Water levels in Lake Erie, the Toussaint River, and the marshes are nearly the same.

Information was gathered by reviewing the literature on the groundwater conditions in the site locality, interviewing representatives of the Depart-ment of Natural Resources of the State of Ohio, and studying 32 logs of wells existing in the site locality. In addition, owners of 18 vells located with-in approximately two miles of the station area were interviewed. The locations of the wells studied are shown in Figure 2-8. All known wells are drilled into the bedv. t aquifer and supply water for certain domestic or farm uses.

There are no wells between the station area and Lake Erie in a northeasterly to southeasterly direction. The closest well used for municipal supply in Ottava County is at Genoa approximately 16 mi from the site.

2.h.5.2 Occurrence and Movement Groundwater table elevations were deternined at the site in the rock probes, the borings, and 18 piezometers; their locations are given in Appendix 2C, Figure IV-1 and IV-2. Approximace groundwater table elevations in the site locality were determined in 12 existing wells.

In the site locality, the elevation of the groundwater table generally is a few feet higher than the Lake Erie level. The =ean Lake Erie level is at el 570. It varies slightly with the seasons, but the greatest variations occur ,

during storms when Lake Erie level may rise several feet. The elevation of the groundwater table follows the fluctuations of the lake level and varies with the vet and dry periods. The goundwater table gradients are small and do not exceed a few feet per mile. They are similar to the gradient of the* local rivers and creeks which are approximately two feet per mile.

109 eno e

D-B In the station area, the elevation of the bedrock surface is on the order of ten feet lower than the elevation of Lake Erie. Because the bedrock is quite pervious and the overlying soil deposits are impervious, the bedrock aquifer is confined and under an artesian head of about ten feet above the top of the bedrock surface. In holes terminated in soil deposits, no water collected for a period of days; however, when these holes were deepened to bedrock, they immediately filled with water to about the elevation of Lake Erie.

s At the site, the groundwater table is relatively horizontal. Maximum hori-zontal gradients of about 1 ft/mi to 3 ft/mi toward the lake or from the lake were measured in 1968 and 1969 The groundwater in the bedrock aquifer flows under very small gradients generally from the station area toward the lake; however, during dry periods or when the lake level is high the flow is reversed, i.e. , from the lake toward the station area and site locality. No gradients were measured in the vertical direction.

Permeability tests made in the station area indicate that the coefficient of permesbility of the bedrock measured in borings in variable. In general the bedrock is quite pervious, mainly in the upper 30 to 50 ft. Pumping tests made in a boring and in a test excavation in the upper 30 to k5 ft of the bedrock gave the following results: the coefficient of permeability is (2 to 6)l0-2 cm/sec (i.e., approximately 40,000 ft/yr); the coefficient of h

transmissibilitygs(1to2)l0 gal / day /ft; and the coefficient of storage is (0.5 to 20)10 .

During rainstorms, surface water accumulates in shallow depressions in the 1 lstationareaordrainsintothemarshes. Flow of surface water through the j the soil deposits and into the bedrock aquifer is negligibly small because the coefficient of permeability of the soil deposits is less than 10-6 cm/sec.

In addition, because the bedrock aquifer is under an artesian head of approx-imately ten feet, surface water which would seep through approximately 15 ft of soil deposits would have an estimated seepage velocity of less than one foot per year.

If the bedrock surfa;e is exposed by excavation, surface water can readily communicate with the bedrock aquifer. However, because the gradients vill be only a few feet per mile, the velocity of flow in the bedrock aquifer is expected to be small.

2.k.5.3 Wells In the site locality, water cannot be supplied from the soil deposits because they are considered impervious. Water can be supplied from wells drilled into the bedrock aquifer, Generally, the wells are less than 100 ft deep; however, some are deeper. Of all wells studied, the depth drilled into bed-rock varied from 2 ft to approximately 265 ft.

In the site locality, well yields range from several gallons per minute to a few tens of gallons per minute. Some municipal wells in the Toussaint River basin have yields of a few hundred gallons per minute.

Water from the wells is..used for farm irrigation and certain domestic purposes.

Very little is used 'for washing, cooking, or drinking because the water is

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D-B usually nonpotable. Among the 18 vells inspected, 12 are being used, for the i

most part intermittently, and 6 are no longer used.

2.h.5.h Ouatity Fifteen samples of groundwater were taken from the bedrock aquifer for che=ical analysis. Borings and the test excavation vere sa= pled at the site and wells were sa= pled in the site locality. Two surface water sa ples for comparative purposes were taken for chemical analysis; one from Lake Erie and the other from the Toussaint River. The locations of the water samples are shown in Figure 2-8 and the results of the chemical analyses are presented in Table 2-10.

The groundwater frem the bedrock aquifer is of bad quality with the following characteristics: pH between 6.8 and 8.0; total hardness 6enerally between 1000 and 2500 ppm; sulfate content between 800 and 1700 ppu; and total dis-solved solids content generally between 2000 and h500 ppm.

The groundwater samples do not meet the U.S. Department of Health water quality standards.

The estimated cation exchange capacity of the soil deposits in the station area indicates that these soil deposits have a great affinity for dissolved radionuclides and would inhibit their migration.

Groundwater temperatures were measured in August, 1968, in the station area

\ in one boring down to a depth of approximately 100 ft into the bedrock aquifer.

No t'emperature gradient was observed. The temperature varied from 51 to 54 F vhich corresponds to the annual mean air temperature at the site. At the same time, the temperature of the Lake Erie water near the shore adjacent to the site was 68 F.

Small amounts of gas were observed bubbling up through water in several borings. In most borings, the gas appeared to be hydrogen sulfide. Gas though to be hydrogen sulfide escaped from the test excavatien. Methane was encountered in two borings.

2.h.5.5 Migration of Radioactive Ions Migration of radioactive ions through the soil deposits at the site is considered nil because the soil deposits are i= pervious and the gradients are very small. In addition, the dissolved radionuclides will react with the

, clay, which forms the main constituent of the soil deposits.

Migration of radioactive ions in the bedrock aquifer is unlikely for the following reasons: (1) the gradients are most of the time directed toward Laka Erie; (2) the coefficient of permeability of the bedrock varies con- -

siderably, the gradients are very ::all and as a result the velocity of flow in the bedrock aquifer is expected to be small; and (3) usage of groundwater from the bedrock aquifer is small.

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D-B 2.k.5.6 Conclusions

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In connection with the safety aspects of the radioactive ion migration, the bedrock aquifer is protected against unlikely accidental spillage on the surface by the soil deposits. Accidental spillage on or into bedrock may penetrate the bedrock aquifer; however, the risks of contamination are small beccuse the gradients in the bedrock aquifer are very small and most of the time directed toward Lake Erie.

Only small domestic and farm use of groundwater is made in the site locality because the groundwater is of bad quality (very high sulfate content, hard-ness, and total dissolved solids content) and well water yields are small to moderate.

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D-B 2.k.6 WATER SUPPLY The primary source of potable water in the area is Lake Erie. The nearest potable water intakes serve Ca=p Perry, the Erie Industrial Park, and surrounding residences and are located approximately 2.8 miles from the site.

The Port Clinton Potable water intake is 8 miles east and the Toledo and Oregon intakes are 13 miles vest.

The water supply methods within two miles of the station site can be logically divided into the folloviag four subregions:

1. Along the Erie beaches most of the people have drinking water trucked in from either Oak Harbor, Port Clinton, Toledo, or a state roadside park on Route 2 about three miles vest of the site. Some have shallow dug wells out under the lake from which they get water tested satisfactory for potable use.

Approximately 5 to 10 percent of the people drink this lake water.

2. In the area south of Lake Erie and north of the Toussaint River all but a few homes have their drinking vater trucked in. Well water is too hard and sulfurous to drink or cook with.

3. In the Toussaint River shore area most of the people on the north shore truck their water from Oak Harbor, while those on the sourth shore obtain theirs from the State Roadside Park.

There are a few wells and a small number of people drink well vater.

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In the rural area south of the Toussaint River most of the potable water is trucked in.

Scattered through the above subregions are a few people who obtain rain water from their roofs for potable use.

In conclusion, approximately 5 to 10 percent of the people within a - ~ro mile radius of the site drink well water drawn from within this radius while the remainder have it trucked in.

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D-B 25 GEOLOGY

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251 GENERAL The station site is situated on a glacial lake plain along the southern shore of Lake Erie i==ediately north of the Toussaint River.

In order to evaluate both the geology, subsurface conditions and ground water hydrology, an exploratory program _ consisting of soil-rock borings, auger probes, piezometers and seis=ic refraction survey was conducted. Appropriate testing was made - selected soil and rock samples.

Appendix 2C contains an extensive geology section from which infomation for this summary was extracted.

2.5.2 REGIONAL AND LOCAL PHYSIOGRAPHY The site region is located in the Lake Plains sub-province of the Central Low-land physiographic province. The Lake Plains sub-province is nea'rly flat and has poor surface drainage characteristics.

Relief at the station site is relatively small, with elevations ranging from 572 to 580 feet above mean sea level. Marshland co= prises approximately 70 percent of the aree. vith the station occupying the higher land to the vest.

2.5.3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY j 2.5.3.1 Stratigranby As a result of alternating periods of deposition, erosion and glacicl stages the g L logic strata in the region consist of glaciolacustrine deposits overlying glacial till and sedimentary bedrock of the Paleozoic era. The basement complex is comprised of Precambrian dense crystalline granites, metamorphosed granites and lava flovs.

Glacial deposits, up to h00 feet in thickness, overlie bedrock ranging frcxn Silurian to Mississippian in age. The basement complex is expected to be encountered belov elevation -2,000 feet.

2 5 3.2 Structural Features The major structural features in the region are the Findlay Arch, the Michigan Basin, the Appalachian Geosyneline, the Ohio-Indiana Platfom, and three faults -

the Bowling Green, the Electric, and the Osborn.

Of these structures, the Findlay Arch is the nearest, its axis being approxi-mately 15 miles vest of the site. The three-faults mentioned are all considered to be inactive, e.,+

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, . - 2.5.h SITE GEOLOGY r

2.5.h.1 Soil Strata Site soil is composed of glacially-derived material consisting of a surficial deposit of stiff, desiccated lacustrine clays ranging frca approximately 6 to 9 feet in thickness underlain by h to 20 feet of till.

2.5.h.2 Rock Strata Immediately underlying the soil is the Silurian Tymochtee formation which is basically an argillaceous dolomite with shale partings and varying amounts of gypsum and anhydrite. Beneath the Tymochtee is a lithologically - similar formation, the Greenfield, also of the Silurian epoch.

• Small solution cavities, generally soil-filled and less than 1/h inch vide, are found throughout the Tymochtee formation.

2.

5.5 CONCLUSION

S No faults are known or suspected to exist in the site area.

Based upon an exhaustive geologic study and an extensive subsurface investigation program conducted at the station site, it is concluded that conditions are favorable for the construction of a nuclear power stati:A.

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D-B 2.6 SEISMOLOGY 2.6.1 GENERAL ^

This section summeizes the results of -the engineering seismology portion of the environmental study. The study included: literature research to compile a historical record of the seismicity of the area; evaluation of the geologic structure and tectonic history of the region; field geophysical surveys to evaluate the in-site dynamic properties of the foundation materials; and, analysis of this data to aid in selecting seismic parameters for design.

Appendix 20 contains the results of the seismology study.

The site is located in a region which has experienced infrequent and minor earthquake activity. Historic records indicate that earthquakes have never been felt at the site with an intensity greater than Modified Mercalli V (MMV), and that no earthquakes of epicentral intensity greater than MMV have occurred within 50 mi of the site. There is no reason to believe that the seismicity of the site vill change.

The site is underlain by the Findlay Arch which formed prior to the Paleozoic era and has remained stable ever since. The local geologic study, the examination of the local topography, and the site subsurface investigation 2 fhavenotdisclosedanylocalgeologicfeatureswhichwould;tendtoaffectthe seismicity of the site locality. No local faults have been recognized and none are believed to exist. The only significant regional fault is the Bowling Green fault which is approximately 35 mi from the site at its closest 2 l point. No evidence of displacement along this fault younger than the Silurian 4, period has been found during the geolog .c s.tudy. We believe the Bowling Green '

fault is inactive.

2.6.2 SELECTION OF THE MAXIMUM PROBABLE AND MAXIMUM POSSIBLE EARTHQUAKES Earthquakes felt at the site with the intensity of a lov MM VI should be considered probable, and that it is improbable, but possible, that earthquakes be felt at the site with the intensity of a medium MM VII (7.5). A maximum 2 lhorizontalgroundaccelerationof0.08gravityisconservativelyselectedfor the maximum probable earthquake (the smaller earthquake). A maximum horizontal ground acceleration of 0.15 g is conservatively selected for the maximum possible aiarthquake (the larger earthquake). The maximum vertical ground accelerations for the maximum probable earthquake and the maximum possible earthquake are two-thirds of the maximum horizontal ground accelerations of these earthquakes, respectively.

The time-history accelerograms of the maximum probable and the maximum possible earthquakes are developed from the maximum accelerogram of the Helena, Montana, earthquake of 31 October 1935 The parameters of the maximum probable and the maximum possible earthquakes are defined in Table III 4 of Appendix 2C.

Response sprectra for several damping ratios have tecn developed for both the maximum probable and the maximum possible earthquakes. These response .,

spectra are given iii Figure III-5 and III-6 of Appendix 2C. --),

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Amendment No. 2 2-18

D-B 2.6.3

( ~- CONCLUSIONS The results of the regional and local study of seismicity and tectonics show that the aforementioned ground accelerations are conservative. Therefore, the nuclear power station using these paramters should meet all safety requirements.

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D-B 2.7 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS -s 4

2.7.1 GENERAL The site exploratory investigation revealed a relatively' thin layer of glacially-derived soils overlying Silurian dolomite interbedded with gypsum, anhydrite and shale. Ground surface ranges from elevation 572 to 580 and finished grade of the station area is to be at elevation 58h.

For a detailed discussion of the subsurface conditions and preliminary foundation design criteria see Appendix 2C.

2 7.2 SOILS CONDITIONS Two distinct layers of soils were noted at the station area - a surficial glaciolacustrine zone (moderately compressible desiccated mottled gray and brown clay) up to 9 feet thick overlying a slightly compressible till (sandy silty clay) a maximum of 10 feet thick. The top of the till occurs between approximately elevations 570 and 565 2.7.3 BEDROCK CONDITIONS Beneath the station area, an argillaceous dolomite was encountered, massive in the upper portion, bedded beneath. The overburden-dolomite contact occurs between approximate elevations 554 and 563 This sound rock contains small solution cavities above elevation kO5 These cavities are not considered detrimental to the design of the foundations. x 2.7.h LABORATORY TESTING The laboratory program consisted of the following tests: Atterberg limits, grain-size analyses, water contents, unit weights, consolidation, unconfined compression and triaxila co=pression. Water content, unit weight and uncon-fined compression tests were performed on the selected rock samples.

275 DESIGN CRITERIA The containment vessel with shield building, approximately 1h0 feet in diameter, vill have an estimated foundation load (combined dead and livei of 8.0 KSF and vill be founded on bedrock.

The turbine-generator building vill be approximately 120 feet by 260 feet.

The main portion of the turbine building foundation and the turbine-generator pedestal mat are presently anticipated to be shallow foundations of a spread footing type. During the final design phase of these foundations, alternate types of, foundations vill be evaluated for the mcrt adequate structural integrity and economics.

Adjacent structures :uch as the auxiliary and administration buildings vill have contact pressures similar to, but smaller than those foundations of the above structure. .

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D-B 2.7.6 FOUNDATION EVALUATION I':

Both soil types (glaciolacustrine and till) and the dolomitic bedrock are considered satisfactory for the station and its imposed static, live, and dynamic loads. An exception is that the glaciolacustrine soil is to be removed and replaced with selected compacted fill in heavily-loaded areas.

The allovable bearing pressures of the in-situ materials are as follows:

glaciolacustrine deposit h KSF, till deposit - 10 KSF, sound bedrock -

100 KSF, and structural fill - 8 KSF.

2.7 7 CONTINUING EVALUATIONS As the design, layouts and loads are finalized, continuing analysis and evaluations will be made as additional data from laboratory test results become available. Subsequent reports will be submitted outlining the revised or modified foundation design criteria. .

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D-B 2.8 SITE EINIROEMENTAL BADIOACTIVITf PROGRAM 2.6.1 GENERAL A pre-operational radioac'tivity monitoring program will be conducted in order to determine the magnitude of the radioactivity in the environment surrounding the station site and to study fluctuations in the radioactivity levels prior to the operation of the station. The information obtained will serve as a guide and baseline in evaluating any changes in environmental radioactivity levels that may possibly be attributed to the Davis-Besse Station.

A post-operational environmental program, similar to the pre-operstional program, will also be conducted with the sampling and analyses schedule related to the level of activity found in the plant effluent and in the environmental samples.

Results will be evaluated to ensure the ffectiveness of plant radiation con-trol and compliance with all applicable regulations. This program will be periodically reviewed and revised as required.

2.8.2 SAMPLING A comprehensive sampling program will be initiated at least 18 months prior to station startup and will include such items as: type of semples, number, frequency of collection and method (s) of analysis. The collected samples will consist of lake and well water, soil, air particulate, farm products, lake biota, and bottom sediments. Sample radioactivity analyses, based on the type of sample and ir. mation desired, will include one or more of the following: Gross Alpha, Gross Beta, Gross Beta-Gen, Potassium-h0, Iodine-131, Strontiu=-90, and others as appropriate.

Sampling stations and sites will be selected on the basis of population density, and of meteorological, hydrological, and topographical conditions.

2.8.2.1 Land Environment Air radiation dosimeters are planned for .>oth on-site locations and nearby communities. Air particulate sa=ples will be collected from both on-site locations and from nearby communities. Ground water samples will be collected from nearby wells and soil samples from the immediate environs of the station will be collected. Mature vegetation will be collected from nearby sources.

2.8.2.2 Water Environment Lake bottom sediments, bottom organisms, plankton, fish and water samples will be collected from the station's outfall and adjoining areas of the lake for analyses.

2.8 3 RADIONucLIDE RECONCENTRATION Reconcentration studies of specific radionuclides by various trophic levels of marine ecology in the lake area of the station are being conducte as a m

3.<.1. 2 22 m G0

D-B f' part of the limnology stuiy being done by the Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, The University of Michigan. Interpre-tations of surveillance results vill be based on certain controlling radio-nuclides selected on the basis of (1) the estimated composition and relative concentrations of the various radionuclides in the stations liquid effluent, (2) the reconcentration factors for these radionuclides in the marine life leading up to the species of fish caught by sport and comercial fishermen in this region of Lake Erie, and (3) the appropriate 10 CFR 20 concentration limits. Samples vill be analyzed for gross radioactivity and the control-ling radionuclides.

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D-B s

2.9 REFPRENCES (1) PLATZMAN, G. W. 1967 A Procedure for Operational Prediction of Wind Set-Up on Lake Erie, Technical Report Number 11 to the Environmental Science Services Ad=inistration Weather Bureau.

8 (2) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1966. Shore P. stection, Planning and Design, Technical Report Nu=ber h, U. S. Art:y Coastal Engineering Research Center.

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Amendment No. 8 2-2h

m Table 2-1 POPUIATION CENTERS WITHIN 50 MILE EADIUS Distance & Direction Population Actual Estimated 1960 Census 1980 2000 ohio Findlay, Ohio 45 SW 30,344 42,700 66,400 Fremont, Ohio 17 S 17,573 23,400 32,500 Lorain, Ohio E6 E 68,932 98,200 151,700 Sandusky, Ohio 20 ESE 31,989 42,600 59,000 Tiffin, Ohio 33 S 21,478 26,400 33,700 Toledo, Ohio 20 WNW 379,133 429,000 532,000 (Present Boundaries)

MICHIGAN Monroe, Michigan 26 N 22,968 39,200 45,000 Wyandotte, Michigan 41 N 43,519 54,900 60,000 OPTARIo Windsor, Ontario 50 N 114,363 115,113 119,863 ohio CITIES Projections assume that, each city will maintain its respective percentage of cour y population, as of 1960, except for Toledo, which was projected independently.

MICHTGAN AND ONTARIO CITIES The source of these population projections was the " Developing Detroit Area ResearcL oroject"; an effort of Doxiadis Associates, Wayne State University, and The Detroit Edison Company, directed by Constantinos Doxiadis.

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Table 2-2 }

PERMANENT AND 'IOTAL SINMER POPUIATION DISTRIBUTION 0-5 MILES Distance From Station-Miles Estimate Population Projection 1909 1960 2000 Annuli Total Pemanent Total Permanent Total Pemanent Totals Summer Residents Su=mer Residents Summer Residents 0-1 boo 190 940 229 131o 320 1-2 756 W1 867 502 1213 702 2-3 749 455 869 528 1217 740 3-4 353 353 410 41o 574 574 4-5 567 567 659 759 922 922 8l Cumulative 0-1 808 196 940 229 1316 32o o-2 1564 637 18o7 731 2529 1022 0-3 2313 1o92 2676 1259 3746 1762 o-4 2666 145 3o86 1669 4320 2336 o-5 2012 8l 3233 37h5 2328 5242 3258 Projections of population assume that this area vill retain its respective percentage of 1960 census population of ottawa county. ottawa county popula-tion projections are shown in Table 2-3 Permanent resident population includes only year-round residents. Total summer population includes pemanent resident population plus summer resort residents who live in cottages or trailers during the summer months only.

Population estimates for the zero to five mile area were made by an individual house-to-house count of all dwellings, including summer cottages and trailers, in each segment of the one mile annular areas. A multiplier in tems of people per household, calculated from data given in the 1960 census for Carrol and Erie townships, was applied to the number of dwellings in each segment to attain corresponding population figures.

The difference between total summer population and pemanent resident popula-tion was determined by examination of the Toledo Edison Company records of electric meter readings in su=mer resort areas. The total number of meters installed were related to the number that were either totally inactive or showing minimum power use to detemine the percentage of dwellings used only in the summer months. -

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Table 2-3 POPULATION PROJECTIONS BY COUNTIES WITHIN 50 MILES OF STATION SITE 1960 Projection Projection Census 1980* 200')*

OHIO ~

crawford 46,775 60,500 80,800 Erie 68,000 98,100 151,000 Fulton 29,301 37,800 51,400 Hancock 53,666 75,600 117,600 Henry 25,392 31,000 39,900

. Huron 47,326 60,500 80,300 Lorain 217,500 309,800 478,600 Lucas 456,931 542,500 693,900 ottawa 35,323 45,300 65,700 Richland 117,761 151,700 203,000 Sandusky 56,486 75,200 104,400 Seneca 59,326 72,900 93,000 Wood 72,596 96,900 132,200 Wyandot 21,648 26,200 33,400 MICHIGAN Lenawee 77,789 85,500 187,700 Monroe 101,120 340,800 833,600 Washtenav 172,440 416,100 802,800 Wayne 2,666,297 2,743,000 3,238,300 OUTARIO Essex 258,218 378,400 627,600 OHIO

• These are the "mediu=" projections developed in Ohio Population, by Economic Research Division, Ohio Development Department,1968.

Nese projections were made by applying to the period 1980-2000 the seme rate of growth as that indicated in Ohio population projections for the decade 1975-1985 J

MICHIGAN AND ONTARIO

• The scurce of these population projections was the " Developing Detroit Area Research Project"; an effort of Doxiadis Associate <, Wayne State University, and The Detroit Edison Ccmpany, dire ted by Constantinos Doxiadis.

" Projections for the year 2000 were taken from the same study as the above figures for 1980.

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Table 2-4 }

ACTUAL 1965 AND PROJECTED 1980 IAIG USE OTTAWA COUNTY Actual 1965 Projected 1980 Acres  % Acres 1 Residential 7,048 3 43 10,000 6.2 Commercial 1,367 5 0.8 2,300 1.4 Industrial 3,325 9 2.0 6,300 39 Public and Quasi-Public 7,570.8 4.7 7,500 4.6 Transportation and Utilities 267 5 0.2 kOO 0.2 Road and Railroad Rights-of-Way 5,026.8 31 7,100 4.4 Agriculture 126,538.8 78.1 118,995 73 4 Vacant and Marginal 10,949.4 6.8 9,500 59 TOTAL 1o2,095 0 100.0 1b2,095 100.0 Source: " Comprehensive Development Plan for Ottawa Region"; Series 4, Background for Planning, Ottava Regional Planning Co=ission, Ottawa County, Ohio, (July 1966) .

)

,$ , .m

\

O

i AGRICULTURAL IAND USE IN l Soy Corn Wheat oats Beans Alf ohio Crawfoni 55,552 25,489 11,542 34,285 93 Erie 22,605 13,694 4,843 16,153 53 Fulton 83,284 28,003 9,079 41,915 log Hancock 86,956 42,274 10,877 64,251 12, Henry 72,54T 34,983 12,648 65,138 lo, Huron 48,434 29,630 13,o87 46,903 9, Lorain 24,148 14,o82 8,165 23,935 15, Lucas 22,272 13,702 3,780 28,528 4, Ottawa 15,738 18,850 6,903 34,907 13, Richland 28,085 16,271 11,o76 14,302 log Sandusky 52,207 29,030 9,359 45,178 15, Seneca 73,487 39,186 14,519 57,250 15g Wood 92,792 49,o17 22,451 79,380 22,,

Wyandot 62,715 28,387 8,655 44,997 83 Total chio 740,622 302,596 146,964 59'(,122  % l MICHIGAN Lenawee 108,004 45,131 19,612 53,342 26g Monroe 58,308 35,108 10,970 58,259 log)

Washtenaw 61,960 23,388 21,059 8,109 34g Wayne 16,532 5,394 2,538 11,452 23!

Total Michigan 244,604 109,021 54,179 131,162  %

ONTARIO l Essex* 103,900 45,900 19,000 86,500 20g:

TOTAL 50 MILES 1pd9,526 53'(,519 220,163 014,764 M Source: U.S. Department of Commerce; 1964 Censu

• ontario Department of Agriculture and Foo w-a _.

l i

'.tbla 2-5 1 UNTIES WITHIN 50 MILES OF STATION SITE IAND JSE - ACRES Pasture  % of Clover & Sugar Idle & Total In County In 1 Ifa Thnothy Beets Vegetables Fruits Misc. Crops, Agriculture Agriculture 36 9,493 o 4 50 81,149 227,000 87.8 e6 1,207 661 4,o81 1,397 39,333 109,000 64 5 66 2,308 473 2,%8 139 61,965 241,000 92 5 94 9,434 2,665 964 121 83,564 314,000 92 3 94 3,188 3,574 3,170 26 47,232 253,000 95 1 30 9,350 36 3,n6 378 110,416 271,000 85 3 g4 8,568 o 1,752 2,050 87,166 185,000 58 3 a2 628 2,660 4,756 58T 22,225 104,000 47 5 75 939 2,226 2,349 2,001 30,612 128,000 76.0 31 12,069 o 263 706 110,077 203,000 63 8 bl 2,171 4,806 3',718 1,733 69,057 233,000 88 9 39 11,036 1,279 788 106 108,090 321,000 91.1 15 2,455 3BT3 2,281 136 62,700 338,000 85.4 44 9,021 35 58 n1 82,877 245,000 94 5 W 61,607 22,300 30,264 9,541 996,463 3,172,000 95 3,056 1,916 1,345 718 157,481 417,000 86 3 87 1,759 3,772 5,597 697 79,243 264,000 73 4 66 7,369 o 2,037 1,208 136,204 296,000 64.6

!bl 1,125 o 3,205 689 21,524 65,000 16.8 39 13,309 5, odd 12,164 3,312 394,452 1,042,000 00 0 1,026 29,861 2,840 58,173 367,500 81.2 35 95,176 29,102 72,313 15,693 1,449,066 4,561,500 Agriculture o Emx ontario Extension Branch 128 c

(

Table 2-6 LIVESIOCK IN COUNTIES WITEIN So MILES OF STATION SITE Cattle Dairy Sheep &

& Calves Cows Hogs Lamba Chickens ohio Crawford 27,41 4,810 51,417 27,489 130,803 Erie 8,o85 3,265 7,943 3,346 77,745 Fulton 45,224 6,377 56,784 4,532 485,799 Hancock 23,102 4,529 51,899 22,974 198,518 Heary 19,474 3,826 20,592 3,615 469,991 Huron 19,825 6,o93 21,569 17,077 106,181 Lorain 21,731 10,550 6,412 5,966 106,361 Lucas 3,947 281 10,551 792 79,o36 ottava 7,769 2,025 5,913 1,659 122,993 Richland 22,869 6,187 16,009 15,879 127,774 Sandusky 23,395 5,724 20,572 6,690 142,073 Seneca 26,609 7,923 42,685 26,461 138,500 Wood 26,473 2,788 26,674 7,634 141,221

/ Wyandot 17,792 3,947 39,881 27,893 100,933

(

ohio Total 293,73o o0,325 376,901 165,13e 2,427,926 MICHIGAN Lenawee 54,921 11,912 38,578 15,648 218,437 Menroe 16,852 3,549 16,887 4,368 200,091 Washtenaw h4,102 14,402 24,181 59,875 138,533 Wayne 3,704 1,142 4,546 339 49,428 Michigan Total 119,579 31,005 04,192 00,230 00o,4c9 ONTARIO Essex* 23,400 17,500 26,500 900 544,000 TOTAL So MILES 430,415 11o,o50 409,593 253,13T 3,570,417

• Source: U.S. Department of Commerce; 1964 Census of Agriculture

• ontario Department of Agriculture and Food Essex, ,

ontario Extension Branch 129 n .

I f

Ta' f

PARKS AND RECREAT Name Opceating Agency Township Little Portage Res. Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Bay Dan-H Crane Creek Park Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Benton On _

Turtle Creek and Magee Marsh Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Carroll Rt. f2 Toussaint Creek Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Carroll Rt. #19 Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Catawba Catawbg Catawba State Park Veteran's Memorial Park Village of Genoa Clay Genoa East Harbor State Park Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Danbury Rt. f23 Municipal Park Village of Marblehead Danbury Rt. f1@

Portage River Access Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Erie Rt.f2' City of Port Clinton Portage Perry c Lakeview Park Waterworks Park City of Port Clinton Portage Perry 0 Green Island Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Put-In-Bay W of Pc Put-In-Bay Park Village of Put-In-Bay Put-In-Bay Put-In<

South Bass State Park Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Put-In-Bay Southi Oak Harbor Park Village of Oak Harbor Salem Rts. f)

Veteran's Memorial Park Village of Oak Harbor Salem Oak Ha3 Source: " Comprehensive Development Plan for Ottawa Region", Series 4, Ba:

i i

~

130 4

1 913 2-7 IONAL AREA IN OTTAWA COUNTY Distance Direction Area From Plant From Plant (Acres) Existing Facilities cad / Location finger & Murcahy 7 Miles SSE 357 Fishing and Hunting Erie 6 WNW 72 Beach, Swimming and Picnicking

& N to Lake Erie 6 W 2189 Hunting, Boat Ramp & Game Preserve

& Toussaint Creek 3 WSW 236 Boat Ramp, Hunting, Fishing and Wildlife Area Cliffs 12 E 7 Boat Ramp, Fishing and Swimming 15 WSW 25 Picnicking and Swimming 0 & Lake Erie 15 E 1260 Camping, Fishing, Boating, Swimming and Picnicking j ct Marblehead 18 E 8 Playground Equipment W of Port Clinton 7 SE 10 Fishing and Boat Ramp nd Ash, Port Clinton 9 SE 5 Picnicking, Swimming, Athletic Field

.nd Jefferson, Port Clinton 9 SE 20 Fishing, Baseball, Picnicking and Ice Skating Lt-In-Bay in Lake Erie 12 ENE 15 Hunting and Fishing Bay, S. Bass Island 14 ENE 8 Picnicking IassIsland 13 ENE 32 Cabins, Camping, Picnicking, Swimming and Boating

.63 and #105, Oak Harbor 7 SSW 20 Picnicking bor 6 SSW 10 Baseball, Picnicking, Athletic Field skground for Planning, Ottawa Regional Planning Commission, Ottawa County (July 1966)

. 'l}

'm 131

{..

i t

RESERVOIRS AfD (Minimu:

Reservoir / Lake River / Creek County Providence Dam Backwater Maumee River Henry, Lucas and Findlay Reservoir Blanchard River Hancock West Harbor - Ottawa Ford Lake Huron River Washtenaw Belleville Lake Huron River Wayne

1. State of 01.1o, " Water Inventory of the Maumee River Basin", Depart

2. Ohio State University, " Ohio Stream Flow".

3 Water Resources Commission, State of Michigan Department

% . T .r. L*ss a s. e. .

p 132

.8 s

' 2)

i, L

Table 2-8 IAKES WITHIN A 50 MILE RADIUS iSurfccaArea100 Acres) )

Surface Distance Area Source of Owner (Miles) Direction (Acres)_ Purpose Information ood Ohio 42-50 WSW 2110 Boating, Grand Rapids and 1 Napoleon, Ohio Water Supply Findlay 4'( SSW 187 City Water Supply 1 Ohio 14 E 210 Boating, Fishing 2 Ford Motor 49 NNW 1050 Boating, Indr. Water Supply 3 Company Detroit 47 NNW 1270 Boating 3 Edison Company ment of Natural Resources.

$ Resources, Lansing, Michigan.

l i

1 l

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.uge

1 1

s Table 2-9 STEEAM FIDW DATA FOR TOUSSAIIE CREEK Estimated Date of Spot Readings Tote.1 Spot Readings at Limestone, Ohio Stream Flow 9/12/67 .86 C.F.S.* 2 C.F.S.

T/6/65 3 35 C.F.S.* 7 C.F.S.

9/10/64 .48 C.F.S.** 1 C.F.S.

8/30/63 .42 C.F.S.** 1 C.F.S.

8/16/62 1.43 C.F.S.*'* 3 C.F.S. I 9/29/61 2.88 C.F.S.** 6 C.F.S.

Sources:

( *U.S. Department of Interior Geological Survey, " Water Resources Data for Ohio, Part 1",1965 and 1967

• • U.S. Department ol Interior Geological Survey, " Surface Water Records for Ohio", 1961, 1962, 1963 and 1964.

, . . .. v .

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