Text

Forwards 20 Copies of the References Requested in NRC Question 323.58(2A.94): the Deming Axis, Southeastern Az, Nm, and Trans-Pecos, Tx, and the Texas Lineament and Its Economic Significance in Southeast Az
	ML18192B288
Person / Time
Site:	Palo Verde
Issue date:	08/22/1975
From:	Van Brunt E; Arizona Public Law Advocates
To:	Parr O; Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
	Download: ML18192B288 (62)
	v • d • e

's J

i IIIERC DISTRIBUTION FOR PART 50 DOCKET MA IAL (TEMPORARY FORM)

CONTROL NO:

FILE FROM. Arizona Public Service C

Phoenix, Ariz.

Edwin E Van u

~ DATE OF DOC DATE REC'D LTR)

TWX RPT OTHE R TO:

Olan D. Parr CLASS UNCLASS PROPINFO XXX DESCRIPTION:

ORIG

,1 Signed INPUT CC OTHER NO CYS REC'D ENCLOSURES:

SENTNRC PDR SENT LOCAL PDR DOCKET NO:

0-528 529/530 Submitting references which were requeste by NRC.. ~

1-Ref.

$k 90,Turner,G,L.,1962,The Deming Ax Southeastern Ariz.,New Mexico,6 Trans Peco 2-Ref.

8 97~Wertz,J.B

~,1970, The Texas Lin ament

& its Economic Significance in South east Ariz. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.W/Maps & Diagx. ~.. ~ ~

PLANT NAME. P l

',Palo Verde 1-4 sy pTex FOR ACTION/INFORMATION VCR 8-29>>75 BUTLER (L)

W/ Copies CLARK (L)

W/ Copies PARR (L}

W/%Copies KNIEL {L)

W/ Copies SCHWENCER (L)

W/ Copies STOLZ {L)

W/ Copies VASSALLO (L)

W/ Copies PURPLE (L)

W/ Copies ZIEMANN(L)

W/ Copies DICKER (E)

W/ Copies KNIGHTON (E)

W/ Copies YOUNGBLOOD W/ Copies

~REGAN (E)

W/( Copies LEAR (L)

W/ Copies SPIES W/ Copies (E)

LPM W/

opuses INTERNALDISTRIBUTION I

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~ P. COLLINS DENISE REG OPR

+FILE 8 REGION {2)

MIPC TECH REVIEW SCHROEDER MACCARY KNIGHT PAWLICKI SHAO STELLO HOUSTON NOVAK ROSS IPPOLITO TEDESCO J,COLLINS LAINAS BENAROYA VOLLMER DENTON GRIMES C~AMMILL KASTNER BALLARD SPANGLER ENVIRO

~MULLERCT+

DICKER KNI6HTON YOUNGBLOOD REGAN PROJECT LDR HAR LESS LIC ASST R. DIGGS (L)

H. GEARIN (L)

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M. DUNCAN A/T IND

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B RAITMAN SALTZMAN MELTZ PLANS m MCDONALD CHAPMAN DUBE (Ltr)

E. COUPE PETERSON HART F I E LD (2)

KLECKER EISENHUT WIGGINTON E TERNAL DISTRIBUTION

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(1)(2){10) NA IONALLABS~~4 %)

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~1 BROOKHAVEN NAT LAB 1 ASLB CONSULTANTS 1 G. ULRIKSON ORNL 1

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NIX, ARIZ NAt~36 August 22, 1975 ANPP-2913 6'.

S g FPPgp Mr. Olan D. Parr, Chief Light Water Reactors Project Branch 1-3 Division of Reactor Licensing U.

S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C.

20555

(

~t, Re:

Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station, Units 1, 2 and 3

Docket Nos.

STN 50-528/529/530

Dear Mr. Parr:

Submitted herewith you will find twenty (20) copies of the following references which were requested in NRC Question 323.58 (2A.94):

2.

Reference 90; Turner, G. L., 1962, The Deming Axis, Southeastern

Arizona, New Mexico,~and Trans-

Pecos, Texas..

Reference 97; Wertz, J. B., 1970, The Texas Lineament and its Economic Significance in South-east Arizona.

Very truly yours, 0

Edwin E. Van Brunt, Jr.

APS Vice President, Nuclear Services ANPP Project Director EEVBJr/JlfA/pk cc:

Ms. Barbara E. Fisher, Esq.

Mr. Carmine F.

Cardamone, Jr.

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ha GREGORY L. TURa4ER The Pure Oil Company,

Houston, Texas actonic element As indicated on Figure I, the Deming axis seems to f

h ff I

t toi fot

~

h Y

n to Trans-Pecos Texas.

consist o a c ain o iye asser The trend of this axis is partially expressed by a choin of

Horn, ori a,

urro, o >a lath ch' h

hih Yon Horn u lift in western individvality of these vptifts is only raaat>va Qat ovc a aar,

~

I II Florido and Burro vplifts in southwestern New 'eems to hove become occ y p

Taxos, the ori o an u r

~ i o ond the Groham ond, Florence uplifts in south-,

more intervals o ge g

s of colo ic time.

'Strvctvral and strati-h b an h

descriptions have been published for the Yan Horn, The Demin axis seems to ave aan grao ic escrip i and its presence hos had Florida and Burro uplifts {see bibliography).'ha features d

h d t 'he Graham ond Florence v~tifts ore o signifiront e

ec on f

ff I

the subsequent sedimentary on here<n're erra o ds e

d tterns of this area.

These features are illus.-

previously undescribe strvcturat patterns o

is area.

P I

d Th Graham uplift centers around the Precaniiorian gl f

tt d. 'fthe Pinalano Mountoins ond is noined for M.

b oleo eo rophic mops of the Pa eozoic on e

ro am r

t.

G h

h h

h t

o'-

h o

5 fiotloal olo ic ma s of outcrop patterns a-

'oss o

e ina a.n

'dvrin intervals of motor tectonisin ond erosion.

Graham, t a

<g es peox in ertiar structures and uplift and. erosion, occurred in the area of this element

~ The general north-south s

i e, o i ry o

up i an

. er to o ra hic features in this region ore da-during the l,ate Juro'ss<c

=

eva an on o e o a no h

D t

I Tertiary "Loramide" orogenies.

The effect of d to a northwest-southeast trend across t e eming to aar y er ia be-t 'asis for the concept of the Texas Nevadan deformation has been mapped in the Dos Cc e-h -

d r'harn Chiricohvo Mountains where Cretaceous ral continuations of the Den<ing axis

~ e-zas an nora am i i to I tio d

t o

I oddP I ox'oi ok dloolly yond the area of <nvestigat on ore op o

p o

o p

An onolysis of the'reg onal structure and f g p y

~

i>

stra i ra h

on Precambrian granite on sc is.

an Arixona and New Mexico, western Texos and erosion during Laramide time

>s evidence y

e p r

ond Chihuahua, Mexico, as revea e e

o o e r

f L

t

.Cretaceous and'ertiary volcanics resting uncon-f'l n Mesozoic Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks d

i x s.

b d f

. Ih D

C bezas Pinalcno Sonta Taraso, Tvrnbull ond o or linear tectonic element which

>s here fornio y on esoz i, termed the eming axis.

I D

x s.

fhis featvre con ba trace rom

<n. I e osa eza, i

i f the town of Florence in sovth-centrol Arizona Mescal Mountains.

N don ond l.aramide movement on the Florence up-min e, h

h th I f b

t prated fran> field woik in the ranges to thc f Yan Horn in Trons-Pecos

Texas, an as evo on on min New Mexico,.which is near I e li t can e in erpra d

th fth t

fFIo Aio o

'N oda area of investigotion.

The Darning axis east an sov o

e ci M

is i recorded by the occvrrcnra of Cretaceous sadi-h ff th d

I c unconformably overlying Paleozoic and n initioll devefoped during Mississippian

.Iectonism is racor e

time ond its presence has h

g hod a si nificont affect on the ments an vo conies unc b

b d th Black Sanlo Cotalino, s>Yaterman r

I otterns o'f the late Paleozoic, Precoinoaan oe s in e

ac, d Y '

M t'

B d

pl ft and erosion of l.ara-b d

d id d

th 5

io.o o,o dth Tor-The evolution of the Darning oxis ro'n bast be o serve mi e oga,.

<s evi ence in f

ateo colo ic and palaotec-tilla, Block, Torlolita,

urson, ivar',

through the construct<on o

pa eog gi

~

f M h

the Crafacaovs-Tertiary volcanic p

o <

am an observotions. 'For reference

purposes,

~ . 'h f hidden beneath.the piles of Ter-Deming axis is indicated by o dashed lin { ine {D A) extend-. contertvre. a proo '<s i f in .the Goliuro and Paloncitlo Moun-m late docvmentotion of the liory volconics arming e o iu ing across each map. A comp e e Parha thc best evidence is the mountains them-semblin these maps would cover toins. ar aps c es c i in to o-control doto used in ossem ing The a ended bi iograp y sa ves, wi a vo 0 I, 'th th volcanic rocks in these ranges being op several hundred references. T pp h II ond strurturally lower than the Precambrian o n has been se ecte o sv I t d t bstantiata only the structural cia-grophira y on s rur ura ments catical to the theine o ~ ~ f this short nota. ]At. Graham. f h E d f r Precambrian expression of the Den g <in "Figure l illustrates lhe regional trend of g f the Demin 'Evidence or o recam T as. An oxis is inconc us<ve. zon f ax>s -c I A izona to Trans-Pecos Texas. zon a a area has not combrian structures s axis to thc est of the mop q ea a abl e,os the s c aland sto gop y h e te n Ar>zona is s ill imperfectly k s d the walter of Precambrian exposures are v s ua ua to tural events of tna vam>ng axis is no un e Polaozoic Mesozoic and Cenozoic struc ura ave Even alon the known by a signi,ican asa t b ament structural clement. western Taxos ond northern Mexico. Even o ong e i of its aologic Figurc 2 apirts e genera d t th ral paleogeology of eorly trend of the axis tl<c con<plate understanding g Paleozoic tiine. This region oppeo s Th rs to have been a part history owcits the results of additionol field work. 0 4 Ij l OH O O X SOCORRO 0 PHOENIX ROSY/ELL 0 FLORENC CO o eh, Cp I TVCSON~ 0 SO Oy '~o DOVCLAS ~ ~ I OEhIINC 8( o Og ( 'o Dc) 51LVER Cl Y 0 ALAMOCOROO 0 EL PASO IIE>V h<EXIC TEXAS 0 OLANO ~~A,II( o N HORN hIARAfHON <<( g L O OZ OO x O flGURE INDEX MAP p ~ \\ rlI 14 ~ I I ~ ~ ~ I. 'v < y'v L O 0 CENTRAL STA BLE REGlON ~ ) ~ ' t ~ 'a ) '4 ~ p ~ ~ ~ 1 .: ~ I ~ I 1 ~ ~ lg 'ir'- .',-- I ~ ~ ~t,r1 ~ I r~g}, ~ E.'f ..1 Ir' ~ 7 ~II ""Ie SC~ oN4 Oq SOi Oq Gp 8y~ Cgi 0N C: O O X 0z O X V FIGURE 2 EARLY PALEOZOI G PALEOGEOGRAPHY o' g W hlEXIC T E.XAS TOBOSP'BASIN (V r+ ~O 6 v o~ X ~ 'I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ <1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ if ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~ 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ t ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ' f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ I ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I > ~ ~ ~ > I ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ j ~ I pgp ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ I ~ f ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >> ~ ~ << ~ ~ Ia ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ ~ 1 ~ 4 t g ~ ~ < ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4> ~ 1 ~ 4> ~ ~ , ~ ~ I ~ iei >r< ~ rO I ~ ~ << ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ) ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ [1 ~ ~ ~ ~I 4 t> ( a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~4 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ) t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ < ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ f I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~t ~ I ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 4< a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 1\\ I ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 I ~ ~ ~ ~ > ~' r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'I ~ ~ I ~ < W 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ If 1 ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ( t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ I ~ I ) ~,~ I ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'I 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ 1 ~ < ' I t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ t ~ f ~I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a I ~ ~ >f ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ p ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ I ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ < r ~ I I ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ a rr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ rt ~ ~ ~ ' I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f I I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ < ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ t ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I $ a ~ ~ > 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ) ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > ~ r ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ APt ~ ~ ~ \\ t 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~4~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 f ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ QP 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ aa ~ ~ t I ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1) ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t 'i ew' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ te ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ > I ) TI ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ 1< ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ) t ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ r ~ ~ < ~ ~ I ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1taf ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i ~ V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' ~ ~ >> ~ PP I~ ' ~ ~ ' 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ 1 ~ ~ a+ f ~ ~,~) ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ '1 ~ ~ ) ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ) ~ ~ ~ ~ g> ~ ~ ~ 11 ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ i ~ I ~ ~ < ~ I, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 14 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t) ~ ~ ~ I t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ >: ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ >' i" 4 ~ ' ~ a' pg ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 11 ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ ~ )PC ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ )I 1 ~ ta ~ ~ )4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~i ~ ~,r I ~ I ~ f ~ ~ ~ 1 ~it ) ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ 'f P 4 ~ > ~ ~ ) ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 4 ~ ~I 4 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ af ~ I f f ~ 1> ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ f 'V ~ < I ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ )I) I ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ < 1 ~ I ~ I ~ e I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~<4 1 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I' ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ) fe ~ > ~ < ~ ~ ' ~' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ri <</ ~ ~ r )g I ~ ~I) I I ~ e ~ 4< ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f~ ~ ) ~ a ~ I I ~ ~ ~ 4< ~ <r ~ 4 4 ~<<I < ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ a tat ~

7

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ae ~ ~ ) ~ e ~ 4 ~ fa r < ~ 4 ~ <<l ~ 4 ~ 4 ~ ~ ri 4 ~ ar ~ I< ~ S D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) 1 ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ << ~it ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 'I 0 S 0 I so I SIL,-OKV. ~ ~ i I o ORD 0 0 fh c GAMB. ",i)4: 'RECAMB FIGURE . PRE "LATE DEVONIAN PALEOGEOLOGY !I.',I,gal I 1 ) 1e southwestern extension of the Centrcl Stnbte region r !he North.An!ericon continent. The Defiance-Zuni and ..1 positive crc.'ns mny hcve been p'resent os local nrps on this ptatfoinl, but this is by no nleons certain. Cnnlbrinn deposits ore thin or obsent'ver most of - =.'h rn New Mexico and western Texas. However, they %sicken to the southwest across Arizona and Sonoro to- =rds the Paleozoic Sonoron geosynclire, ond to the north-

~~t toward the Cordilleran geosyncline.~~

<<nmbrian beds so thicken to the southeast across Texos into a seowcy -cssib!y coincident with that of the late Paleozoic Oucchita g>>osynctine. Due to prelate Devonian erosion, the record cf Eorly Ordovician sedimentation is obscure over the north-err! ond western parts of the mop area, but strata of this ,age cre present across southern New h(exico and Texas, and thicken southeastward to the site of the Cambrian -csin. The history of later Ordovician, Silurian and Early D>>vonion sedimentation is likewise unknown through much of southern Arizona and northern Sonoro, although beds r presenting ports of these time intervols are present in central and southern Sonora along the frend of the Sonoran g. osyncline. - Another depositional feature of this period is the To-bosa bcsin, which wos centered around the present site of the Central Basin'platform of West Texas and southeastern ?.' h'mexico. The Tobosa basin seems to have been a p.rsistent structural and depositional sag from Middle Qrdovicion through Devonian time. Gaps in the fossil record suggest that during several periods in the early Paleozoic this rec ion was subjected to epelrogenic upwarping, resulting in non-deposition of sedi-r>>ents and mild erosion. The first strong cycle of uplift arid erosion occurred in Late Devonian time when the pre- ]Acrlin, pre-Percha, pre-Woodford and pre-Chattonooga . vrconformity was developed throughout the southern Unit-ed States. During this time the brood Tlcnscontinenlcl arch wos raised across northern New.Mexico and central Ari-zona, cnd early Poleozoic beds were eroded off this arch tn the approximate limits shown on Figure 3. Southwest-ern Arizona wos broadly upwarped ("Mnzofzal land") ond post-Cambrian strata were stripped bock to the vicinity. of the Ariz'ona-New Mexico boundary. Over most of cen-truf nnd southeastern Arizona Late Devonian beds rest on late Cnmbrion, with only a slightly discordant contoct rep-resenting Ibis extensive period of erosion. There is no definite evidence from lithofacies, thickness and structurol s!vdies in this region that a significant tectonic element was present along the trend of the Deming axis during early Paleozoic lime. Although seporoted from the older rocks by a major vrlconforn!ity, the tectonic patterns of the Late Devonion g allera lly reflect those of earlier Paleozoic. A limestone facies thickens to fhe southwest across southern Arizona ir to the Sonoran geosyncline in northwestern Sonora. The dork shale focies of southern New h'.exico and western Teins thirkens into a sag over-lying the eorlier Tobosa b i.in. Again there is no stratigraphic o: s'.ructurol evidence of the Denling axis having been prese;..'uring this time infer vol Although the record of Mississip~n deposition hos been obscured over much of this ore= by pre-Pennsyl-vnnion epeirogenic upwarp and erosic-. ~ enough evidence renloins to indicate that a significant c ange occurred in the regional tectonic fromework dvrir. ~ this Period. In southeastern Arizo'nc cf southwestern New h'mexico, the no'rthwest-trending Pec!recdso basin began to focnl, or d the c.'ign:reritto. its northeastern nlnrgin provides cn e.-.. p~ession of he tcctontc devetoplllent of lhe De:llillg oxis (Figure 4). The ef'ect of this nxis on sedimentation is revecled by the thick, mnssively-beclded deposits of Eorly h(ississippian limestone found in th>> Pedregoso basin which contrast with the thinner, somewhot more clastic, occa-sionally reef-bearing units found to the north and nortll-ecst of the oxis. In sovth-central Nevi hlexico, Kinderhook ond'Osage rocks ore present in the Son Andres nnd Sacra-mento hfovntoins, but have not been identified in the'ueco hhountcins ond Sierro Diablo outcrop areas of Trons-Pecos Texas. This absence is ottributed to the initial ap-pearance of the Ycn Horn uplift on the Demincj axis. This uplift was evidently not active in Lote h(ississippion tin:e', as Chester rocks ore present in the ovtcrops of both Texas nnd New Mexico. The second important cycle of uplift ond erosion fo affect this region occur'red prior to Pennsylvanicn deposi-tion. Pre-Pennsylvanian paleogeologic mapping (not il-lustrated) suggests thot over much of Arizona ond New Me'xico this rnovernent was largely epeirogenic in noture. The Defiance-Zuni cnd Pedernol lcndmasses werc devel-oped ct this time. A local, short-lived uplift occurred in the vicinity. of the Caballo Mountains in south-central New Mexico; and in southeasfern New. Mexico and W'est Texas the Pecos uplift, the foundation of the Central Basin plot-form, also oppeored. The tectonic behaviour of most of Trans-Pecos Texas during this time interval is unknown due to the widespread effects of the succeeding pre-Permicn erosion period. The Deming axis docs not seem to hove played an important role during this interval of structural movement. At the beginning of Pennsylvanian sedimentotion, numerous structural chonges occurred in New Mexico and western Texas, resulting in the development of the paleo-cjeogrcphic elements illustroted on Figure d. During this time the Deming axis begon to ossume a more significant effect on the structural and sedimentnry patterns of this region. The Pennsylvanian record is obscure in the moun-tain ronges of Trons-Pecos

~~Texas, bvt the limited omount of dato now avciloble suggest that the Yan Horn uplift (Diablo platform) moy hove been nlildly positive and pro-vided a~~

separation between the Delaware and Mnrfa basins. To the northwest there is good evidence from thickness and lithofacies dcla,that the Florida uplift (Florido islands) wos developed on the trend of the Dem-ing axis in ond around Luna County, New h(exico. The trend of the Deming oxis again seems to hove provided a flexure controlling a xone of regional fncies change for Pennsylvonion sedimentation in southeastern Arizona and southvrestern New Mexico. Thick vnits of relatively clastic-free ccrbonotes accumulated in the Pedregosa bosin in contrast to the much more clastic sections deposited in the Central New Mexico bosins, ond on the flanks of the De-fiance-Zuni landmass. The retotively slable Derning axis provided a fovornble environment for tate Pennsylvanian reef development a'long the 'northeastern margin of fhe Pedregosa bosin in New Mexico. The third signilicont pulse of Paleozoic orogenic move-ment in this region occurred prior lo, or early in, Permian time. The result of this feclonisnl is illustrated on fhe polco-geologic mop of Figurc 5. Through southeostcrn

~~Arizona, most of southwestern Nevr Mexico, ond in the depositionol~~

I*., ~O g+ p(~ i- / v r ~ V >C Ow H ~ < S Qlz V g 0 + PALO DURO 8A Stw Ol gg A f/'~ <O~ Oeq Oy, p~d ~o 8~ g p( e( 9' EW MFXIQ TEXAS OI~ 0 0 w d~ C~/p lg Og 0 D g 9 Z0 FIGUR E 4 PALEOZOtC PALEOGEOGRAPHY Afgg~ '<SIe + 0 +v Q' (V @0 0 I ~ ~ ~ ~' 4", ~ ~ r ~ ~ rr r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~' ~' ~ ~ ~ ~ rc ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ v ~ r 4 , ~ ~ rrgc ~ 4 ~ ~ r ~ ' 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ y ~ ~ ~ ~ rtr ~ ~ '4 ~, ', ~ h ' ~ ~ ~ r~y ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 4+ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.tp ~ ~ ~ ~

~~~ PC rr~~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 rr ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 z0H ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ 4 4 ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ ~r ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 X td X 4 ~ 4 ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 4 ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ PC ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ 4r, ~ 4 ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ I~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ 44 4 ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ r~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~'rt' ~ ~ 4 T r ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ 4 r ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ r rrr ~ 4 ~ ~ 4444 +< O

~~rrq,~~

~ Nr ~ rr ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 4 ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r 4 ~ ~ ~ 4 4 rr ~ 1 ~ 4 ~ 4 tr ~ ~ tr ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ r ~ 4 ~ "rt,t ~ ~ ~ ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ PH ~ rr r f rr p( "ro 0 o, Q.'~W r I 1 NEW MEXIC rr rC M rr~ 1 Oq li ~4~ ~4 PN ~I tc C M 4 ~ <y ~4'.. ~ ~ ~'r GAMB.-MlSS. r ~ ~ 4 ~ ~rc P R E G A IV8. L0 0 th Z X X0 FlGURE. 5 PRE "PERMlAN PALEOGEOLOGY, /C M 'rr L 'V I I l hfOG 0 ~IGgt ~ Og Cpos "cCjly O~ 2 4g O~ 07 > ZV FlGU RE 6 MEsozolc PALEOGEOGRAPHY l ~ 4 oF southeqstern New Mexico.and stern

~~Texds,~~

~~- ik titltf.'vidence for a break in sedimentation between <<<'~nsyjvanian and Pe;mien times. However, thc comptex ~r<<'.eric eleaients of thc Oucchita structural'ett reached~~

~~-.<<.'r cvlminction at this time, and subsidiary deformation is recorded on the positive structurat features to the north-west of this trend.~~

At the southeastern end of the Dem-ing axis, the area of the Ycn Horn uplift was upwarpe crd deeply eroded, with atl pre-Permian sediments being '.ripped ofF its crest. To the northwest. the deformation ~cs tess severe in the area of the Florida uplift. AI{Penn-sytvcnicn strata were removed in the vicinity of the Florida Mountains, and beds of Yirgit age are ritissing over a some-what brooder region. Similarly, the Pecos uplift wos re-Ivvenoted cnd deeply eroded; however, this tectonism is significantly recorded on the Pedernal landmass only oround its southern margin. During Permian time the region of the Ycn Horn up-lift provided a stable environment {Diablo platform) for extensive, reef devetopment, as did the Pecos vp)ift (Cen-tral Basin platform) to the east. To the w'est the "flexure along the trend of the Deming axis continved to provide r gional environmental control. for Early Permian sedimen-rcglon tation. The Pedregosa basin on Ihe south continued I sink cnd receive predominately carbonate deposition, ogoin accompanied by reefing'n southwestern New Mex-ico. To the north,!he Early Permian is largely represented by an extensive clastic redbed shelf facies.'he record of fhc late Permian is obscured by fhe effects of extensive post-Paleozoic erosion. However, there is a similarity e-tween late Permion strata preserved on either side of t e axis, i'uggesting that this feature was not a particularly sig-nificant tectonic element during this time. The regional paleogeography of Mesozoic time (Fig-ure 6) is much simpler thon that of the late Paleozoic. The chcrccter of the Deming axis was generally positive through this period, and it appears to have acted as an intermittent barrier (Mogollon highlands) between depositional basins to the north and south. Sediments of Triassic and jurassic ogd are found on either side of this structural trend. How-ever, the present limits of their occurrence ore due to pre-Cretaceous uplift and

~~erosion, and consequently there is sonic question as to whether or nof these widely-separated rock vnits were once connected over the Deming axis.~~

~~The regionol effects of the Nevadan orogeny is de-picted on the paleogeologic map of Figure 7. In contrast to the late Paleozoic tectonic~~

events, which were more severe along the eastern part of the Deming oxis, the Ne-vodan movements were more strongly expresse fowar fhe west; and the Florence, Graham and Bvrro uptifts were developed at this time.

~~In each of these areas the Paleo-zoic rock column was removed, exposing sizeable terrains of Precambrian. To the east, this upwarping resulted in the erosion of only the post-V/otfcamp Permian~~

section, olthovgh Precambrian rocks were re-exposed in a small cree on the crest of the Yan Horn uplift. Just'to the south of the Deming axis, a sharp uplift in the vicinity of the Mute Moyntairis was also eroded to the Precambrian.

The regional control of deposition and structure y the Deming axis was.wett-expressed during the Cretaceous. D 'st of l.ower Cretaceous time, sedimentation was uflilg aios I to confined to Ihe Mexican geosyncline lying immediate y o the south of the axis. Only during Washita time were ap-preciable amounts of sediment deposited over the eastern end of the axis in Y/est Texas and southeastern'ew Mex-ico. A significant tecto" shift Qccurr<<d dvriilg l,le Upp<<r Cretcceous, and rocks is age were prl Lvbty d<<pa 'bi,el only in the Rocky Mouo ain basin encroaching frooi t i<< north. The 4w ct'<<pcsits of very late Cr<<tcc<<cvs <<,<<Fuvod t th sovth oF the D<<oiinc axis in Ariizooc aad ncr!Ii<<in , Sonora {Figure 8) moy bi. attributed to Iccct poet <<ts o debris resulting from ecrty t.oramidc: moveaicnts. Marine sedimentohon" witliin the orco of investigation was terminated by the widespreod deforraotion of the lcra-mide orogeny. The history of this oror'eny is quite coos-plex ond it seems to hove developed in several stages ex-tending from Lcfe Cretaceous into early Terticry time. A detailed discussion of this progression of events is beyond fhe scope of this paper, ond reference is mode here only to the cartiest moveaient. The result of this period oF uptil't and erosion is summarized on the paleogeotogic map o Figure 8, the title of which may be som<<what aiistecding. ln southeastern Arizona and part of southwestern New Mexico this "pre-Tertiary" mop is drawn ct the base of thc . volcanic section, part of which is considered to be late Cretaceous in age. In Trans-Pecos Texas ond some areas in New Mexico, where the volcanics are thouglit to b<<en-tirely Tertiary in age, this niop more nearly reflects a true pre-Tertiary picture. ~ As shown on Figure S, the earliest expression of l.ora-mide movemenf consisted of the rejuvenction and re-erasion of the tectonic features associated with Deming oxis. Up-warping appears to hove been more or less regional in nature and preceded the extensive folding, faulting, vol-canism and intrusive igneous activity that ore usually con-sidered to be chorocteristic of I.aramide time. tn Trans-Pecos Texas, a subsidiary fold was developed in fhe vicin-ity of the Chinoti Mountains south of the main trend of the 'an Horn uplift. In addition, there is good evidence that a long, possibly boomerang-shaped, trend was developed to the north of the Deming axis in southwestern New Mex-ico. This feature, here termed the Hillsboro uplift, con be traced through the Lemitcr, Magdaleno, Son Mateo, Cu-c i oi a h It Block and hhimbres ranges where the Creloceous is II as absent and Tertiary racks rest on Pofeozoic beds loca y as old as Ordovician. The southeast-trending orm oF this up-I ft q "e conjecfurol but has been postutotedin order to bollo tie in areas of pre-Tertiary erosion in the southern Ca o o, Robledo, Tonvco, Dona Ana ond (possibly) Organ Moun-tains. r ril A sfudy of structures known to have been primcri y 'eveloped during the Laromide orogenic period has in-dicoted th'at the persistent Deming axis hcd a significant effect on the strike trends of these elements. Similarly, ' 'his axis was also ins'trumentat in determining the strike'irections of the Basin ond Range structures developed dur-ing the late Tertiary Coscadian orogeny. Figure 9'is a plot of the strikes of mojor Lcraiaide ond Cascadian structures present in the crea of investigation. Y/ith supplementary reference to Ihe recently-published tectonic aiops of thc United States and Mexico, it can be seen that the domi<< nant strvctvral groin of this region is north to north. north-west.

~~However, across fhe Deming axis this grain is sharp/y deflected to a west-northwest trend.~~

This deflect-ionn is also obvious on an examination of the present topo-graphic'rends ond is the basis for the concept of the Texas lineament (sec bibliography). An analysis of tinco-ment recognition cnd lineament tectonics. is also beyond the scope of this poper. However, it is thought that the structural ond topographic strike deviations atong the.Tcx- C ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0000000 0000 0000000 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~ ~ re ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ j 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~,' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ os ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ <0 ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ or ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F 0 < ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F 0 ~ d I I ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ] ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? 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~~PERM,~~

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A D < A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ \\ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 000 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ FIGURE 7 GAMB.-P EN N. / PRE" CRETACEOUS PALEO 6 EOLOG'II' ~ ~ PRc.GAMB, ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ > ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ '00 ' F 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F 0 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~" ~ ~ ~ ' ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ '0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F 0 ' 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 'I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ )0 'e ] . '~l seers <J ) ~ r " ?<<,1 (-':;,~ J p' ~ ~.'.) 0) t:;go ';)';

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~~'.I>1 i d. gs 0 ~ /~'<t 7 v') 'll ~ ro,')If)) jt;d ~I~~

~~r'I~~

) '0 Jo ~ ~ V ~ e ~ ~ I~~ ? 0 'I ~ I ly ~ 'f]j g)re"- ~/f ~/jg/i.. ~ v spy'jyllifii. f g ~. / 'I//jl rr/// cwz+ ~ep ~//jpirr~, //l~ J I O O >C td ~ li '1 O ~ 20 ~ N X X X Q ~ FtGVRK 9 LARAMlDE AND GASGAD IAN STRUGTURAL.TRENDS 4 I r'4EW MEXICO 'GEOLOG L SOClETY ~'css lineament ore more likely due to refraction effects across / the ancient Deming axis thon to some form of regional sheor or wrench-foult tectonics. Lateral conlinuolions, if any, of the Deming axis be-yond the area of lhe present sludy are open to question. However, if lhe definilion of the Texos lineament is of sig-nificonce it might extend to the west through Ihe Trans-verse ranges of southwestern Arizona ond southern California. To tbe east, cogent arguments could be mode for extending it: (1) along !he trends of the Fort Stockton high, Yates-Todd (Ozona, Pecos) orch, Llano uplift and Son Marcos arch; (2) along tbe trend of the Ouachito structurol belt arid Devils River uplift; (3) post lhe Mara-thon uplift to lhe Burro uplift and Tamaulipas peninsula of Mexico; or (d) southward along the axis of the Coahuila peninsula. It moy olso be speculated that unstable east-ward branchings of the Deming axis may have successively established each of these !rends during different intervals of geologic time. SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY BURRO UPLIFf-

~~Elslon, W. E.,~~
~~1958, Burro vptifl, norlheaslern limit of sedimentary bostn of southwestern New Mexico and soulheaslcrn Arixonas-Arn. Assoc.~~

~~Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 42, p. 2513 2517 FLORIDA UPLIFT Konlowski, F. E., 19SB, Pennsylvanian ond Permian roc'ks near Ihe laic Paleozoic Florsda istonds,~~

~~p. 79-87, in Guidebook of lhe Holchet Movnlains ond Coo'ks Range. Florida Mountain~~
~~areas, Gtanl, Hi-dalgo ond lvna Counties, soulhweslern New Mexicos Roswell Geo-logical Society.~~

~~19do,. Summary of Pennsylvanian sections in south western New Mexico and sovlheaslern Arsxonos N. Mcx. Bur. Mines and Min. Rcs. Bull. 66, 187 pp. FLORENCE UPLIFT~~

~~Bromheld, C. S., 19SO, Geology of Ihe Movdsna~~
~~seine, northern Santa Colalina Movnlains, Pinal County, Arixonas M. S.~~
~~Ihesis, Univ.~~

~~Arizona, d3 pp. Corpenler, R.'. ~~~

~~1947, The geology find ore cfeposils of Ihe Yekol Mounloins, Psnal Covnly, Arizonai Ph.D.~~

~~disserlolion, Stanford Univ. 111 pp. Hillebrond, J. R., 1953, Geology ond ore deposils in Ihc vicinity of Pvl-nom~~

Wash, Pinot Counly, Arixonoi M. S. thesis, Univ. Arizona, McClymonds, H. E., 1957, Thc slraligrophy and structure af Ihe south-ern portion ot lhe Walermon Mountains, Psma Covnly, Arizonas M.S. thesis, Univ. Arizono, 157 pp.

THI RTE ANTH EL D CONF ER ENCE 71 Schwarlz, ll. J. ~ 1954, Oetoiled gcologicol reconnaissance of lhe central Torglla Mountains, Pincl Covnly, Arizonas M. S. thesis, Vnsv. Ari-xona, 82 pp. Short, M. Nss Galbrailh, F. Wss Harshmon,'E. H. ~ Kvhn,.T. H., ond Wil son E. Dss 1943, Geology ond ore deposits of the Superior Min-ing area, Arhonos Arizono Bvr. Mines Bull. 1$ 1 ~ 1S9 pp. Wilson, E. D., and Moore R. Tss 19S9 ~ Geologic mop ot Pinal County, Arizonas Arizona Bvr. Mines, Tucson, Arszona. Wihons E D s Moore, R. T., ond O'Hoite, R. Tss 1960, Geologic map of Pima ond Santa Cruz Counhes, Arhonos Arizona Bvr Mines, Tvc son, Arszona. GRAHAM UPLIFf Bromhcld, C. Sss and Shride, A. Fsi 1956, M'snerol resources of lhe Son Carlos Indion Reservation, Arhonas V. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1027-H, Plate 52. Cooper, J. Rsi 19dO, Reconnaissance map of Ihe Willcox, Fisher Hilb, Cochise, ond Dos Cobexas quadrangles, Cochise and Gtohom Coun-lies, Arizonas U. S. Geoi. Survey Minerol Invcs., Field Studies Mop MF-231.

~~Sobins, F. F., Jrss 19$ 7a, Stroligrophic relations in Chirscahua and Dos~~

. Cobezas Mountains, Arixonas Am. Assoc. Pclrolevm Geologists Bull., v. 41 ~ p. 46d-$ 10. .., 19S7b, Geology of the Cochhe Heod and western park of lhe Yanar quadrangles, Atizonai Geol. Soc. Amcrico Bull., v. 68 ~

~~p. 1315-1342.~~
~~WHson, E. Dsi ond Moore, R. T., 19SB, Geologic mop of Grohom and Grccnlee~~
~~Counties, Arizonas Arizona Bureau ol~~
~~Msnes, Tucson, Arizona.~~

TEXAS LINEAMENT Hill, R. T., 1928, Tronsconlinenlol slruclvtal digression (abs.l t Geol. Soc. America Bull.~ v. 39, p. 26$. Kelley, Y. C., 195$, Regsonal leclonics of lhc Colorado Plateau and re- ~ ~ lolionshsp lo lhe origin and dhltibulion of vroniums Univ. New Mexico Pvbl. in Geology, No. 5, p. 5&.63. Mayo, E. B., 1958, ltneoment lectonics and some ore dsslricls of the Sovlhwesli Minsng Engineering, Nov. 1958,

~~p. 1169 1175.~~

Moody, J. D. ~ and Hill, M. J. ~ '1956,.Wrench.fault lectonicss Geol. Soc. America Bvllss v. 67, p, 1207-1246. Osterwotd; F. W., 1961, Critical review of some leclanic problems in Cordslleran Foreland: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologhls Bull., v. 45,

~~p. 219-237.~~
~~Ronsome, F. k.s 1915, The Terliory orogeny ol the North Americon Cor-dillera ond ils problems, p. 2lf7-376 In Problems of Americon geo-logys Yale Unsv. Press, Hew Hoven, Conn.~~

~~s VAN HORN UPLIFT~~

~~Boker, C.~~

~~k., 1934, Moior slrvclural features of Trans. Pecos~~

~~Texas,~~

~ p, 182-185, in The geology of Texas, vol. Ili Univ. Texas Bull. '" 3401 King, P. B., 1942, Permian of West Texas and soulheoslern New Mex icos Am. Assoc. Pelrolevm Geologists Bvll., v. 26, p. 53$ -763. ~ and Flown, P. T., I 953, Geology onsf mineral deposils of Pre-Combrian rocks ot Ihe Yon Horn oreo, Texoss Unsv. Texas Publ. 5301, p. 111-112, '132-133, Plate 19. s ~ 4 r z>ro~~p<c r>c.>logy v<>>. <>$, >p>0, pp. ><>i>->s> TI!e Texas Lineament <<nfl, Its Eco>>ot>>ic Sigrtific nce in Southeast Arizona JhcQU>:s B. W>>RTz Abstract 1 W th' b oad structural fran>e>vork construed in southeast Arizona, attempt is i ln f f the herc made to: (1) give further evidence on the location a>>d relative movements of e roughly parallel components to the Texas lincai>>ent, (2) analyze thc structura setting of the major fracture

~~centers, mainly the mi>>cralized ones that occur inside or out of the lineainent belt, and to (3) bring out thc apparent cconon>ic significance of t!iis i>>iporta>>t structural belt.~~

In this area, the componc>>ts or stra<>ds of <lie Texas lineament appear to have been broken, thereby following slightly differing dircctio>>s (SSOE to S75E in the eastward direction) suggesting a mild, irregular bc>>d davit!>in the xvhole belt, xvith a slight con-t t th o th ast Those places tv!>crc >hc su<<c<<ssivc changes in'irection occur, generally coincide with intersections of tlic>>orth->>orthwcstern fractures, a t oug some>>or>lieastcrn ones also join these sai>>c cc>>ters. Recurring movements, remotely co>>>>cc>nl ivith the iXfurray transcurrc>>t deep-seated 'fracture a>>d the San Andreas fault coi>>plex, c;>>isi>>g i>>creased torsio>>al tangential ef-f cts, must son>eho>v have affected the co<npo>>e>>ts of the fexas lincamcnt as a whole, exerting a structural impact on all fracture cciitcrs tliat exist within its confines in southeast Arizona. Seemingly, this i>>fl>>c>>cc co>>hi have bcc>> n>>ich more intense along the convex or southern fri>>ge of thc li>>ca>>icnt tlirough accrue<1,ta>>gentiat tc>>- sio>>nl st>'esses i>>hcrcnt to the i>>cipic>>t drifti>>g of Baja Califor>>ia. Altliough thc north-northwestcrii and, prul>:il>ly to a greater cxtc>>t, the northeastern - sets of fractures generally are acccplcil as propitio>>s >o nr partly rcspo>>sible for min-eralization, it is postulated herc that thc Texas li>>ca>>ic>>t l>as increase<1 the potentialities for ore throughout the area by additional p<<rtiirhaiicc anil fracturing, sliglitly jarring loose, so to speak, some of the niajnr fracture i>>tcrsectio>>s, allnwi<ig for better ground preparation, as evidenced in Ajo, To>>ibsto>>e,

~~Bisbee, a<id several other >>>ajor <ni>>ing centers.~~

New mining districts, ccrtai>>ly co>ild bc uncovered some <by within this important structural belt. Xntroduction A I URGE nu>>>ber of local fracture arrangcme>>ts oc-curri>>g i>> 'southeast Arizona have been previo>>sly analyzed {'>Vertz, 1966a; 196Sa; 196Sb) and the importance of the orientation trends of elongated batholiths has been emphasized in an effort to detect some of thc ancestral breaks in tl>e upper cartl>'s

~~crust, althi>ugh exceptions will arise (Krauskopf, 196$ ).~~

Tlie co>>ju>>etio>> of fracture i>>lcrsections a>>d do>>>cs was recog>>ized to be gerierally a uscf>i) g>>ide in>>>i>>eral exploration. These structural ar-ran ><>eiits were expa>>ded, next, i>>to the regio>>al di>>>ciisio>> through i>>terpolatio>> and extrapolation of both k>>o>vn and ii>fer<'ed local structure trends oc-curring within outcrop

areas, aided by st>>dies of aerial photographic mosaics to help bridge the gaps within t)ic alluvial plains, and furtl>er s>>pported by scco>>d-a>><l ti>ird-order evidc>ice revealed by stra-tigraphic a>>d gco>>iorpl>olo ic mea>>s.

I>> order to further consider the fu>>dame>>tal breaks tliat cut through the upper crust, in a regional c<>>>text, folio>>ing ass>>ptio>>s are co>>s>octal ncccss:>ry .'I ) Secondary 'fi>>>Its (Wertz, 1966a; 196%) ><c oniitted in this regional study leaving o>>ly for c<>n: sideration the pri>>iary fractures or ancient breaks'nn generally cnncca!ed; it is not the intent, ho>vevc<, R mii>imize the importaiice of these secondary faul>s'i: later search f>>r ini>>cralization. (2) Being r<<latively local features, all domal str<x. tur<<s (Wcrtz, 19<>%, b) are temporarily set asiilc, zI;a:.> xvi>hoot the i>>tent to mini>>>ize their economic in>por>an<< at places (Wisscr, 19<'>0). (3) U>>less tl>ey happen to fall alo>>g soi>>e remi<<<>.'rends, all block-faii)ts nrc disregnriled as a ru1c. r. >>iatter ho<v large or important, as they usually a:. undecipherable and accompanied by chaotic effects. (4) The very lo>>g sinuous fault boundaries, sl><>>,> on'>>iaps to occur aln>>gside chains of mnimtains.'>:, niisleadi>>g anil arc also ilisregardcd bccaiise they <cp>< sei>t o>>ly "surface str>>c>>>res>> that follow I.aran>inc,. later trends, oftc>> wit!>out any rapport with the anci<- de<<pseated structure (FIunt, IN3, page 139). 166 I ,1 idered 1) are r cor>- ~s no>v vcr, to ults in struc- '~ i>giil>> ort:Ll>CC r"i>)nal. >>le, >)o lly are

~~ts.~~

~~sbo)vn 115 LfC rcprc- >>ide or l>>LCICI>>> (I) a north-north)custer>>~~

~~group, assunicd to folio>v ihe KVasatch-Jerdmc orogc>>ic belt anil the overall trerrd ar> Arizo>>a a>>ticli>>oriu>>>part of tbe Cordilleran Lcm>icli>>e (Sclu>>itt,~~
~~1959, Fig. 1),~~

~~sce>>is to have ~ rdrr!nl ihc ge>>eral eric>>>:r>ior) of many chai>>s of moun- >.Lrrls lliAflznlia, (2) a>>or>bras>em~~

~~group, broadly - ci>>pbasizcd by laird>vcbr (IM7, p. 499), sho)vs here a co>>vcrgence~~
~~u >tre northeast, occurring in western Ne>v 1>fexico; and (3) a west->>or>l>)vestcrn set, b<<having as a continu-~~

~~~,Lr> a>>d >cell.defined group of roughly parallel fractures, r,.rrrt f)0 to SO miles wide as a whole, without any~~

~~<<rrd of this iia><<re to tire i>or>i> >>or~~

>o >bc south, as a5 k>>own ls ilssil'lllcil >o pertain to the Texas hire:rr>rcr>t. SL>cb a )vide group of more or less parallel .>>rrc>>rral" fca>ures should rc:illy be referred to as a ) I> (I clley, 1955, p. 5$). 1>> idilitior>, the strands of

~~ris lineament deli>>i>ely appear to be broken (Fig. 2)~~

LLhibi>irrg a slight cn>>cavi>y to >bc northeast (Eiur>>, I <<3. I'ig. 5, p. 135). >'I'I~ relative amount uf i>>fere>>ce 11>a> nccci>errrily r>>>cr- ~ IN'i i>> >br'> kind >)f re>dr.)rrrrt Lvork will unduuh>cdly leave "r d ~r upc>> >o errors, ai >bees, nn accuu>>1 uf tire ra>her r.h )cu>>cr uf dc>oiled pieces L)f ir>furrru>iun. 'I'III 'I'I!X~I.IA'I:Ii>II¹I'INI) \\ (5) Q>rater>>ary a>>d Tertiary-Q>rrr>cr>>ary

~~Iavas, as iudica>CLI orl S>atc geol<)gicrrl 1>>:Lps, are~~

~~>>Iso r>>>>i>>crl in this>>rrdy:r>>:Lssirrrihrtcrl, to:L ccr>;ri>> cx>cirt, tu:Llliiviu>>>~~

~~curer, Ala>>y lo>>g and iniportant fract>>r<<s, sonic eco-no>>iically rluitc i>>tcrcsti>>g and supported by striiigs of >>u>>>cr'ous pi<<ces of cvide>>ce~~

~~(>Ycrtz, 1966a), >ccrc revealed throu liout so>>tlicast Arirona (Fig. I). 1'ro>>> tl>c r<<lativcly large>>ui>>b<<r (>>iorc tlian ISO) of papers,~~

theses, govcri>>>>c>>t reports com-pil<<d o>>to>>iaps at the scales of o>>e>>iile to the inch aud sire i>>iles to the i>>cli, aiialyzc<l a>>LI i>>tcrpreted, aud frun> added evidc>>ce fro>>i st;ite g<<ologic maps
L>>LI i>cfi'll pbotogralrblc>>ios>L'ics, lt 1s l>opcil tbiat thc resultii>g 1>>aps, altho>>gh certainly far front perfect, i>>ay prcsciitly be a rcasoiiable attci>>pt at represc>>t-i>> ~ soine of the major, deep-seated breaks tliat criss-
~~cross southeast Arizona.~~

Xfuch remains to be do>>c, hoLvcvcr, to weed out >hose relatively insig>>ifica>>t or local breaks from the iruportant and regional o>>cs. To deter>nine and dc>u>e the weighiiig factors for tliat purpose

~~and, in addition, to introduce thc ti>>>e elc>>ient will be~~

>be>>ecessary tasks ahead. Caille>L~ (195S) certainly >r>a>lc a useful and iveII-doc>>>nc>>ted step in that ~I>rect>o>>. Attention to tlicse fractures is now focused on ilivir oriciitatioii a>>d ii>>porta>>ce in le>>gtb, on their iirtcrscctioiis aiid relatioiisliips Lviti> each otlier, on ilrc roi>fig>>ratio>>s a>>d pat terns tliat tl>c> display, and also on some of their coiiicide>>ce with mi>>i>>g rcn- >cfs. Tbl'cc>>lal>> sc'ts of ffLctiifcs Lfc Lck>>o>vlcrlged a>>d coiilir>>>ed i>> tliis stu>ly: I'I'~ rcovtr>IIc @If II:I< >ref'r G7 The various do)v>>throw sit>>atioiis sho>vn i>> Fig-iire I s>>ggest tliat several lo>> ~ breaks I>ave bc<<n af-fL:clcil l)y scissor >>>L)virlliclltid>bi)lay>>>g i> do)'vll'tbfo)v oli olle side of a fr:u.> Lire, at oii<<place, tb<<>> a do>v>>- tbfoLv 0>> thc otlicr side soi>>e liu>>dred >>>iles away or, si>>>ilarly, a horst structure i>> one area then a gradual rcvcrsal to a graben in another area aloiig the sa>>ie priniary fault. While Moody and XIill (1956, p. 1214) suggested that such deep-seated hults>>iay be of tbe wrench tylrc, Goguel (1952, p.

~~62) found then> to be co>>>>>ion and added that this reversal of appare>>t dip-slip displacemc>>t occurs Lvhcrever a tra>>scurrciit movement cuts obliquely i>>to existing fokls.~~

This is exactly what happens in southeast Arizoiia to a large niajority of tlie pri-niary fractures that transect the anticlinorium, re-sulting i>> "incomplete" or "partial" horsts and graben, as shown in Figure 1. Later block faulti>>g, tilting, aiid differential erosion certainly complicated these situations, maki>>g many structural problems diffic>>Itto solve. Lineaments Ancestral structural elements of Ia'rge magnitude, the tccto>>ic lineaments (Kellcy, 1955,

~~p. 58), in later years sin>ply referred to as lineainents, are charac!erizcd by a remarkable alignment of geologi-cal or topographical~~
~~features, too precise to be fortuitous (Brock,~~
~~1957, p.~~

130). They can be compared with the geofracturcs or geosut.ures of Haiis Cloos (1948) and their paths would coincide (Brock, 1957, p. 130) with fracture zones or geo-logical barriers, Lvith straight stretches of rivers or elongated lakes, with rifts or volcanos, with a seismic cpice>>ters (Richter and Gute>>berg, 1954) or thcrnial sources. Eit)ier magnetic, gravity or geothermal anomalies may be e>>countered" at places along a lineament (Robert, )96S,

~~p. 746-47) and also thick halite~~
~~deposits, not necessarily related to sedimentary se-quences nor to diapiric domes, can occur along these deep fractures (Robert, 1968, p. 744).~~

~~A possible case in point in southeast Arizona, ivithin gravity . Iows, are soi>>e halite occurrences several thousands of feet in thick>>ess that seem to coincide with deep-seated~~

~~breaks, some possibly )vithi>> or north of the fracture system that composes the Texas lineament.~~

Of economic importance, ho>vcver, are magma occur-rences in the form of elon ated intrusions or isolated stocks ci>>placed along the li>>eament trend, with the probability of nietallic deposits in their vicinity. Li>>eanients >vl>ich consist of a conspi<<nous group-iiig of in>porta>>t, parallel, primary bi'c:iks that cut through the s>>rface of the earth's crust preferably sbo>>lil Ii>: called a Ii>>ea>L>e>>t belt (Kciley, 1955, p. 5S). Tliese I)cits are csseiitially straiJ>t for long I llj ~ ~ ~.a '-,~. l e e ~ ~ s 1 ~ l.'. ' ~ ~ s s ~ ' s +s ~ ~ r 4 ~ s. ,; 0-r ...r"~,l e ~. ~ ~ ~ e ~ 0 8 334 s 4 Vulture g Htnl Belmont 'Cavo Creek Salt River Ve kol Silver Re f c Goldfield Super'ineral 0 Hill Christm Ripsay / San anuel I 4O lanley ~ (royoipa Klon y e Copper aak I Mor nci oS fford 0 0vacp/i 334 2 'A'~fbntprrr Ho Catalina ~ ~ + ~ mole ~ / ~ ~ Dos Cobezos l 324 Q<li otal LEG Eil.o Parti a I Graben Mlles 0 10 Zo 30 Vii~~ "' ~E Co obo l ~ 's< pb%quiv ri r ohnson f ~ Camp Hltllo C ~ Pearca >

~~Dragoon,~~

~I yryi'.y o Vardg Mission ou) lt<Ilnd <t Tambstone Q El~ @+. Gl son 8>>bee ~ Tyn o N ~Ã/CO 3/4 Arlvoca V/rightson ~ ~ 4 W W 4 ~ ~ h. Q ~ s ~l l esi I, s << <sr<see<el ne I lier<en<:I< l ~ ~<<<I<<'<<i<:Xrlresn<e >I<~ <<lie<<< I<~ <rile I<i<el <:mt><< e <<g lr< Il l'Oil/IC SICIVIFIC;lXCE 169 i Ii , I I I distances, nicasured in h<<ndrcds and in some cases thonsa>>ds of >>iilcs, witli a>> ali>>ost constaiit orie>>ta-tion but ivi!hout pro>>iinciit curvature>>or the si>>>>ous trc>>d of subscquc>>t surface str>>cture nic>>tio>>goal in the above ass>>>>iptio>> 4. 'Ii>>Ice(1, the relative rccti-li>>car cliaractcristic of liiieanic>>ts studied by Robert i>> Europe, Cc>>tral America a>>d North Africa, and by Brock (1956, 1957, 1959) in South Africa reflects aii aplnrciit >>icchaiiic honioge>>city of the rocks at great depth, without >>iuch, if any, rapport with sur-face struct>>re. Also, there does>>ot scei>> to bc'a>>y correlation or coiIicidcnce in orientation betwce>> the deep-seated structure as i>>dicatcd here and tlie broad. tectonic trc>>ds or base>>ic>>t highs or lows shown on regional structural inaps. I>>deed, Cloos maintained, and Ostcrwald (1961, p. 223) co>>curred, that gco-fractures can rctaiii their i>>dividuality even ivliere surrou>>dcd or e>>g>>lfcd i>>to younger geosyncli>>es a>>d that a<<active geofracture can even "underphss" an active gcosy>>cliiie (Cloos, 1948, p. 99). EIills (1956, p. 339) called tlie effects of such structural rejuvc>>ation "resurgciit," i>>iplyi>>g riot so much tlie co>>ti>>uity of tectonic move>>ie>>ts over a perioil of ti>>ie as their rcappeara>>ce along old tre>>ds after a period of quiesce>>ce a>>d stability. The straightness ai>>l co>>ti>>uity of >>iost deep-seated breaks, as opposed to local fract>>rcs a>>d faidts, ivould thus not tolerate iilyobstacle, dcflcctio>>>>or offset aloiig tlie iiay, a>>d locally i>>iporta>>t disturbances sucli as domi>>g a>>d til'i>>g, for i>>sta>>cc, slio>>kl ccrtai>>ly he of no sig-niCicaiicc ivliatsoever. Hoivcver, if an i>>staiicc were to occur where a ivliole syste>>i of breaks>>iay appear to have been sfi htl> disturbed by stresses of very large>>iagni-tuile, as secnis to have liappc>>ed in soutlieast Ari-zona, a>>d if this co>>tc>>lion of sliglit disrupt>>re or lie>>di>>g alo>>g the trend were established and con-firmed, one ivo>>ld particularly want to investigate ihc eco>>oniic i>>ipact and implications of such an anus>>al acciilc>>t. Thc Texas li>>carne>>t (Albritton and Smith, 1956; ~food> and Ilill, 1956; Tur>>er, 1962) has become accepted as traversing tlie so>>thwest part of the 1'>>itcd States. Tra>>sgressi>>g all k>>oivn structure, it coi>>cidcs thro>> hoot much of its length in Ari-lo>>a, New Alcxico, and Texas witli the northern iuar"i>> of tlic Mexicaii gcaiiticliiie (Ostcrivald, 1961,

~~p. 233), but its brcailfli as iicll as thc co>>teiition ihat it is co>>iposed of a ii>>iiihcr of strands or inipor-twit l>rcaks still rci>>ai>>s soi>>civlnt dchafed.~~

~~Tlie ia<liviiliial coi>>po>>c>>ts (as rcprcse>>ted on Figure 1~~

~~or inst>>>>ce), each o>>c niade to coi>>cidc for sake of~~

~i>>iplirityivitlii>>divi<l>>al axes witlio>>t tlie necessary iuiplirati>>>> of clear-faut fract>>rcs, nny in reality o rrcsfio>>ii to a wide fractiirc or slicar z/>ne, up to <terai i>>iles ividc at plares, hc clscivlicre rcAertcd on the surface by an en echelon pattern (Moody a>>d Hill, 1956,

p. 1215; Schmidt, 1956, p. 443; Osterivald, 1961, p. 231), or be disco>>ti>>uous (I<clley, 1955, p. 5S) for hundreds of miles, a>>d this latter pcc<<liarity probably is the best distinction between a li>>eanie>>t and a fault (Brock, 1957, p. 131).

Linea-mcnts on the North American Continent should of course be just as old, deeply-rooted and active throughout a nuiiiber of tcctogenetic periods of the earth's history as their European counterparts de-scribed by Cloos (1943). The Texas Lineament. and Its Economic 'ignificance in Southeast Arizona Initiated in the northeastern Pacific Basin through the iXfurray fracture zone (iife>>ard, 1955, p. 1166-67), a tra>>sciirrent move>>ient. (Moody and Hill, 1956, p. 1217-21; Vacquier et al., 1961) extends castivard apparently as a large fracture belt into Ari-zona and New Mexico (Albritton and Smith, 1956,

~~p. 507 and 1 ig. 4, p. 511).~~

This is the Texas linea- >>ie>>t which is composed of a number of segments i>>ferred from these studies and sliown on 1'igure 2. The prcpo>>dera>>ce of right-lateral slip along the A>>dreas fault, resulti>>g in the relative displacement of the whole Northeast Pacific Basin with regard to the co>>tinent (Hill, 1965) has caused a serious east-west tension situation to the south as compared to co>>ipressio>>al effects fartlier north. Some reper-cussions of these moveme>>ts u>>doubtedly shoukl have affected parts of soutlicast Arizo>>a with tangen-tial, torsional stresses. Re>>eived movements within the whole San Andreas fault complex, and relayed throiigh their'astern Garlock-Pinto Mountains fault exte>>sions, must have tlicrefore strongly disturbed the Texas lincamcnt belt and very plausibly could lnve been responsible for, the sliglit clnnge in course oliserved in the latter from SSOE to S75E in the eastivard direction througliout the crossing of the Arizona anticli>>orium. Concurrently, all the inter-section centers belo>>ging to the Texas lineament.. >>inst have bee>> slowly strained aiiil disturbed be-cause the motions represented in tliese centers were once the local phases of crustal movenicnts of the continent, as indica'ted by Billingsley and I.ocke (1941, p. 47), and the tensional and torsional effects must apparc>>tl> have bce>> felt >>iorc intcnscly toivard tl)e solltllerll p'irt of the lilleinieilt belt. The sloiv, progressive nortliivestivard rift of Baja California frnni'he niaiiiland (Hamilton, 1961, p. 1314; Rus>>ak and Fislier, 1963, p. 153; a>>d Yeats, 196S) which presently becomes more and more men-acing, has not been respo>>sibir iii any wiy to tlie te>>sion i>>curred to the soufliwcst of the United States as it was only initiated iiiiicli later in Xlio-cc>>e time. I Il \\ f 17I'<'1CQUBS

~~8. lPERTZ 4~~

AJO ~fp/g / /co BAB 0 Q ~tVAR l 0 10 20 30mi I~ qt.l generally long fractures, oriented S 50-55 E. short or long fractures, S.GOE. short breaks, S. 65-70 E. short fractures, S. 70-75 E. 0 O RENCl /// </ HIS BEE ~~ component of Texas lineament cross fractures N.E. to E.N.E.' vr edge evidence for vredge Q~ Qmajor intersection 1'hc tvvo vve<1 tinn wit

~~faults, d~~

S't 1'CSSCS Cl1tI'll )aggcd lnctlts ot The v '1vlthln Q 'tions: (, of infcrr< (150-201 n1iles), c breaks ( S65-70E ori<vntcd follow o1 disco>>>>ez sti< htly c ures 1 a: to:1S +To So1uc credence 'fson1e S'946, p. panicd tl (1) proi downthr Huachuc also nort tion par, southern nlay llav turbance ~ conlponc de< rccs further s vertical the Tcxa Mountai ments at (4) a gr Ajax Hi According to the arrangen1ent of inferred frac;

tures, the slight chan "e in course that seemingly affected the Texas lineament did not seem to have happened very smoothly, and the coinponents of this broad structural belt were broken and dislocated at a number of places, (Fj. 2) allowing for stretching

~ and elongation of the area, as evidenced by a 1'1urn-ber of tear faults and especially by t1vo narrow "ivedges"'hat stretch in a direction parallel to the lineament. z KVedges are here dcftned as regional, narrow and vs. elongated "stivers" or strips of land bounded on bath si*q by major, favell recognized faults affected by such izterzt. compleiueIuary >novenleuts (one mile or morc) on each si<k that a relative displacement of the wedge could happen. hfajor evidence for the wedges (shovvn shaded on Fig.21 're: a/ for the northern one: the left-lateral h,fogut fzuh Frc. 2. Broken segments of fractures pertaining to the Texas lineament, as it curves while crossing the Arizona antic)inoriunz in southeast Arizona. on the no dcn, 1950; Tank fau side (Sit thc Tcxa wedge: tl disptacczn Sycamore 1941) vvi a<hli1 lanai }958), co

~~shear, pa and Lou (Lcc an ndte of r V~~

~~~ ~ ~ ~ O. I THE TLXrlS Ll<VL.I)IEIIT rf<VD I'I'S ECO'VO.<IIC SIC<VIFICA<VCE 171 O c<j ',hc cry <les~~

~~rat,~~

,ide 'P ) ult The btcral clisplaccmcnts, rcprcsc>>tcd by these t<vo ivc<lgcs, each lravi>>g>>roved in the opposite dircc-linn ivith at least o>>e mile of offset, a>>cl by tear faults, dcf>><itcly correspo>>d to tange>>tial, torsional .tresses or to torsional e(fccts resulting in a differ-ential strctchi>>g tint ace>><>>pa>>led the irregular, jagged bc:uli>>g now evide>>ced by the brof'en scg-n<c>>ts of thc Tcx <s I<nc u>>c>>t. The various stra>>ds that co<>>pose this linea>>icnt u'ithin so<<theast Arizona show four prefcrrcd direc-lions: (I; gc>>orally long breaks, 150 to 200 miles of i>>fcrrcd length, oriented SSO-55E; (2) some long (150-200>>>iles) and so>><c very short breaks (20 miles) orie>>tcd SSS-60E; (3) somewhat shorter breaks (100-150 miles of i>>ferred length) oriented 565-70E; (4) short breaks (15 to 50-100 miles) ncic>>tcd S70-75E. These four sets of fractures follow one another from xvest to cast in irrcgular, ~ <lisco>>>>ected

~~fashion, for<>>i>>g ~ very broad curve~~

.'lightly concave to the>>orthcast, as shoivn o>> Fig-ures I a>>d 2, a>>d are to bc s>>bsequc>>tly referred tn as No. I; 2, 3, a>>d 4 tre>><Is,'respectively. &o>><c observations fro<>> the ~>>ap can already lend crc<lcncc to thc hypothesis of a regional distortion nf sor>>c sort or to a rcgio>>al te>>sio>>al strai>t bc>>d of thc Texas li>>camcnt: (I) pro>>0<>><ccd vcrt<c >lc>>t xvith a stro>>g <Ioiv>>throw to the>>orth occ>>rrcd worth of the lh<acl>><ca block, north of the Whctsto>>c block, and also north of the Ajo sty>>et>>ral block, alo>>g a dircc-tio>> parallel to the Texas Ii>>ca<ncnt and aloiig the w<<ti<ern fri>>ge of the lineament, xvhcre the strain may I<ave been the stro>>gest; (2) thc stro>>g dis-1>>rbance suffered by the Ajo block, hinged upon a co<>>pone>>t of the Texas li>>came>>t a>>d tilted 50 <legrccs to the so>>thivcst a>>d aivay fro<>> the belt, further s:<pf<orts the hypothesis; (3) stccp, multiple vertical displaccments are to be observe>t at Bisbee and in the Baboquivari ~fn>>>>tai>>

~~area, together with transcurrcnt move-n<e>>ts at right angle (as ivill be shoivn in detail);~~

(4) a gfca't structural d<stufhancc that uphcavccl thc Ajax Hill l>lock in Tombstone for several thousa>>ds ~s the north si<fe neith aln<nst one mile dispbeen<cnt (I.ud-dcn. )o5D: '6'a)bee, 1955; Pilkinglnn, 1962) an<1 tbc Antelope Tank faults vcith a right-lateral di~placcmeut on the snuth <idc (Silver, 1956; Cooper, 1959) regarded as clcn<cnts nf <hc Texas lincau<cne (Cooper, 1959): b/ for <be southern <cc<)gec tbe An<lrada fault ivi<h an S,DOD-fnot rightdalcra) ~!i<place<ucnt ( <lberding, 193S) on tbe nnr<h aide, an<1 the 5<camnre fault on the couth <ide (fni<n~nn, 1941;

~~Jones, 1'>All~~

<ci<h a S.f<DD-font lef<-la<eral <ti!p)aee'<>>cnt; c/ vvi<1< a t li:S). con<pored nf fm<r sub-vccdges forming a 1cft-lateral bc;<r. para>>el <o the Texas line~ment, amiat <hc Nnceut an<i I.nug-%file faulted. <:liel<<ly obiinuc <o the iincamcnt fl.cc and Bnriand. 1935:

~~Browne, 195S)~~

<ci<l< aimnst one <aiic nf right-la<eral <novcu>cnt. of feet must have witnessed the tangential stresses i>>volvcd at the junction of t<vo major component directions of the Texas lincarnent. When the available magnetic information (Dcrnp-scy ct al., 1963a, b, c, d) is placed in overlay on par.'f the prese>>t structure picture, the interpretation seems to co>>firm the importance of the Texas linea-ment as a>> ancient and profound zone of rupture ancl also c<nphasizcs the validity of some of its strands as now construed on the neap. Those of its major compo>>e>>ts showing a lateral displace<>>e>>t, such as the A>>tclope Tank, are found to coincide with a very steep, conspicuous slope in magnetic contours as if the shear were reflecting a sudden drop in magnetic intensity. Offsetting effects seem particu-larly stro>>g wherever all three sets of fractures meet (as in the Dragoo>> and Cochise quadra>>glcs) al-though, by themselves, thc northwestern and'north-eastern fractures do not seem to be necessarily re-flecte in the acromag>>ctic results. However, the >>orthwestcrn ones, very co>>spicuous from Bisbce to Jero<ne, a>>d particularly in the San bf~nuel area, show a very strong parallelis<>> in the acromag>>ctic ridges and valleys. Wherever fract>>res ~vith differc<itorientations can;e togcthcr a>>d mct {such. hs in Ajo; Tombstone, Bis-bcc), the c>>tire vicinity of these interscctio>>s must certainly have been shattered a>>cl shaken, alloivi>>g for n<<nicrous openi>>gs of all sizes and all types: these ~vere therefore icleal places ivith the riglit gro>>>>d prcparatio>> for n)ineraliz~tion to develop. Altho>>gh the northeast and the north-northwestern fractures nuy really be the ones along ivhich min-eralization is to be recognized, the Texas lincamckt. most certainly must have accentuated this propensity by i<>>parting additional favorability to the fracture centers and helping to bring forth the occurrence of orcbodies through its recurring and perturbing actions.'revious i>>ves:igators (hfayo, 1958; Schn>itt, ]966) have already suggested that the Texas line@- me>>t must have infI>>enccd the presence of some orcbodies in southeastern

~~Arizona, and this divas recently reasserted in stronger terms by Guilbert and Sumner (1968).~~

~~However, the economic con-tribution of this important structural belt cannot e:<siiy be ascertained, being ovcrshadoivcd by the >>orth-nortl>>vcstcrn and mainly by the>>ortheastcrn (La>>d<vehr,~~

~~1967, Fig. 3, p. 499) fracture belts avh<ch, rightf>>lly it seems, could bc acccptcd as the main avc>>>>es for mineralization in this part of the Sou<h>> est.~~

aThe term "perturbanee," as applied bere, bas ren<n<ely tl<e broader ennnnta<ion used in astronon<y of a great physical <li~turbanee cxerte<1 by an outsi Ic force upon a body, cwucing <bc lancr to bc deviated Crom its nvrmal course of orienta-tion. 0 I Far froiw>>>i>>iizi>>g tliis cniitc>>tio>>, it is here postulate<1 tli:it southeast Arizoiia I<as bccnlllc silc11 ao cxtraor

>;<rily>>)i<icralizc>al sliatt<<ring of fracture centers a>>d for tlie opportunity for tc>>siniial gaps that dcvclopcd at a >>umber of a>>gular discontinuities of the strands of tli"lincaoiciit, especially along the southern fringe of tlie Tevas linea>>)cot. It appears that most of tbc ao<<uk<r disco>>ti>>uitics generally corrcspond to the oiajor fracture cc>>ters or, i>> the ivor<Is of IIilli>>gslcy ar:d Locke (1941, p. 59), ore districts bccaioc clus- . tered at nodes dctermiiied eitlier by the presence of supcrimposcd orogenic ))iovcoie<its or of intersecting lines of successive oiotion, or of persistent dcep-seatcd breaks. Frooi tlie study of n)i>>eralizqtion occurrences within tlic fracture <ict io southeast Arizo>>a, it could teiitatively hc predictc<l tliat a long, important frac-ture tliat cuts through a sizeable orehody some-ii;here along its strike may possess some intrinsic <I:<alities as nii>>cralizer and is likely to indicate more occilrrcllccs 'it otllc<'l'iccs. Major Fracture Centers Connected with the Texas Lineament Belt AVI<ether oiiocralized or oot, the <oa!or fracture centers assunicd to occur ivitlii>> the Texas linea-1 1 li ment are to be aiialyzcd iicxt i>> structural skctc ics that ivill bri>><<aboiit tlie rclatio>>sliip ivith some o ~ i i ~ ~, f t!ie four dit'fcri>>g dircctio>>s of the coinpn>>cuts of the li>>eaioent. Bisbce (Rausoioe, 1904; Trischka, 1928; Bryant aod Metz, 19'; Bryant, 196S) A rather spectacular i>>tcrscctio>> sta>><ls out i>> thc southeast cor>>er of the ioap, at Bisbee (Figs. 1 an>ie para)lel to a>>d part nf, the Texas li>>ea<iicnt, otlicrs cuttiiig at right angles. A closer look (Fi<<. 3) shoivs a nortli->>orthcast sct of crnss-fractures that constitute an importaiit troug ivhich appears to exert its influe>>ce over a 5-;nile width in this vicinity. This trou<<h cuts almost a a riglit angle throiigh the Texas linea>>ient trend, the co>>ipoocnts of wl)ich exhibit here a series o im-porta>>t doivnthroivs to the south-southwest, aionunt-iog to a total vertical displacement of more t )an a mile. Tlie actual iotersectio>> resembles a rectangular, box-like depression, approxii>>ately four by two miles i>> size, lioiitcd to tlic >>orth by the Dividend fault. Observing to the west the parallclisoi bchvcen the cxistiiig synclioal axis and the horst (both trco
>g N55-75%<, in an eastivard direction, and botli.found to occur within and west of the depression), one concedes tlic cxistc>><;e fartlicr nortli of a>> a>>cic>>t, p;ira!lcl structural brcak cxtc<>>liiig alo>>g tlie soiitli-er>> boun<Iary of tlie anticlinal do>>ie (Ju>>ipcr I lat Craiiite <<fou>>tain) to>>icrgc i<ito tlie Divi<lciul fault. It see>>is, tlierefore, oiost u>>likely that the Quarry fault ivoukl be the co>>ti<iuation of tlie Dividend, as spccu!ate>ding graben. The Sacra<iie>>to stock, center of <niiieralization at Bisl>ec, bccaoic cniplaccd ah>>ost exactly at tlic i>>ipor-taot junction for<>>ed by tlie axis of the N25E graben with a No. 2 strand of'the Texas liiieament. En<- placed where the Divide>>d fault appears to cha<<ge its orie>>tation, this stock suffered <oultiplc intrusions with a, diversificatioo of intrusive breccias, inte>>se I'ractiiriiig a>>d strong alteration. U ith the proxi>>iity of tlie proper li<nesto>>c forioatio>>s as well as a rather coinp!ex.horse-taili>>g as occurs where the east branch of the Dividend fault splits the stock, the co>>di. tioos were obviously perfect and ideal for an ore-body to be prese>>t at Bisbee. As is often the case (Sclo>>itt,
1935,

p. 42),
tlicse ore deposits ivere found on'the downthrow side within the dcpressin>>. If one were to expect. a southwestivard evtrapola-tion Eroni a rather important, deep-seated fracture tliat cuts its ivay through ivestero Neiv hfexico,.fr<)>iile width) then through Santa. Rita-(ivith a 6-mile )vidtli) straight in the direction of Bisbee, one wnul>ot to <Ietect any northeast tre>>d through the Chiricaliua 4>fou>>tai>is or at Bisbee, or fartlier southivest, tlirough Canauea. As a matter of iiitercst, Bisbec, ivliich is foun<1 at the i>>tersectiol along tbc biscctriv of tivo sets of double angles as is To>>)4~to))e), fon>>i<ig a very syoioictrical arra<lt>e ma>t (insert, Fig. 3). Could tliis io)agi>>ary,bisec- " trix represent a possil>le unexpressed trend such ai an iricipient rupture belonging to, the a>>ticiinorium settiiig? This coincidence is here reflect'ed upon because these exist siniilar examples of deposits <x-curring along a bisectrix within this province bat >>ot necessarily alo>>g the anticlioorium {Safi<)<<I. Czi)a>>ca, and other parts of the continent). gtitbuq<<it><<ri Dfu<r>rlai><.'1rea (<Vargo, 1954; Donal<i. 1959; Fair, 1961) Following ivestward the southern boundary of tI>e Texas lincamc>>t, oiie encounters tbe Babnquivari Mountain area which also preseiits a fascinati>r interscctioii of fractures (Fig. 4) that in many ivai> resei>>ble the Bisbee center. Although apparc>>tly barrc>>, the 1>ah<)>i<a>tain area is a particularly de<isc intersccti<ii that is characterized, as in Hisbee, by a sioii1ar M of three faults more or less orie>>ted in the saax ii i i TIIr?l(.Yrf.C I.IXL:Itll.'.VT;l<VDITS I=COXO.tlIC SIG'.i'll:ICAPCE 1?3 .S- 't 'C 'S
e

h 1

.e e
f l I .e ~i )- 1C ly 1S 1S o N2O N.n5 vl. r Or ( ++ p // o.cd) "v /1 7 v r/ N.25 E. Dividend Cr) foui t Sa era me nto stock \\ Open pit N total 'o dovlnthrow of more than one mile pa R.- E I l /'p 0' "I zest. barr like e<ruc<ura< t ~ + qu"'I" "+
side epresslon.:/'J" I
. I I bi S CC t riX o 0 Quarry ~ 8g + ~ / 0/1'S p" = . r~r~ foul t C-nt (I. INSERT TOMBSTG('<t IC ri 1 t 'F CS Curious Syrnrnetry presented 'by the Bisbee center with regard to surrounding fractures 0, IO 20 30Mi. G BlSBEE l Ft<.. 3. Strnrtnral;t rtrh llf ni:t~c ittnetrntint: the inllre<rtinn of a einlthrrn cont<<<nant of the le'one linl'nn~'nt 'llilh;l nnrth nnr'.t<<".<it rrok<e fr(lrtnrl. I t I 1.74 JrfCQUI:S II. II'I'.Ii"I'8 0 Mineralized Center of 8isbee + / Baba q~uiva 1 2Mi. Mountain Area ~. ~ Op ~ I i/ ~ ~ 0 4 Component No.4 and southern fringe of the Texos lineament belt Cross Fracture <</ PERSPECTIVE SKETCH apparent hinge line Fm. 4. Striki>>g rc.'nnblance between the barren BalMquivari area an<1 the mineralized Bisbce center. l direction a>>il si>>)ilarl> doxv>>'.brown to the so>>th-4 co)>>ilo>>c>>t of the Texas lineament belt. The north. vvcst a>>d Also by a sir>>>> ~ ri ht-laleral fault occur-east fracl>>re is ailditio>>al here, xvhcreas perhap; ring at ri 'ht A>>"les ivl>ich is shnilarly,dow>>thrown i>>cipi(,>>t in Bisbee (xvith the Tyrone-Santa Rita axi> to the xvcst..O>>l> 1M i>>iles Al)art, both the Baho-in mind), as arc the>>utoeroos dikes that crisscross quivari aod Bisb<<c ceolers are located alo>>g a No. the ccoter. . ~ 1'IIG 'I'I'X:/.') LIB'I::/.'IIE,V7'/')IIII'I'S I:COsVO.IIIC Sl( XII'ICc/XCC 1Vitl> this a>>>azi>>g stru<<tural si>>>ilarity, thc geo-l<>"ical set ti>>g is of course quite diffcrc>>t: I>>a>>y>>>ore vnlca>>ics a>>(l /lo<vs, >>>a>>y fcrtiary i>>trusivcs, >>>ore 1)1<:ta>>>orl>l>ics, tng<<tl>cr 1vitl> a spc<<ta<<ular plug in Ihc>>>i<1st of thc B;<boquivaris co>>trast ivitl> tl>c Pre-c>>>>brian gr:u>itcs a>>d
schists, thc li>>>esto>>cs and other sc<li)>><<>>tary for>>>atio>>s, displayc<l i>> tl>c Bis-lcc area.
Altl><>>>gl> the basic, pri>>>ary structural al'ra>>gc>>><.'l>t >>>I>y s<<c>>1 n>ost. 1)fol)itious, thc. >>cccs ivory i>>gr<<<lic>>ts for an ceo>>n>>>ic>>>i>><<r:>lizc(l target tn oc<<ur so>>>e>vhcre withi>> thc Baho<iuivari cc>>tcr rc>>tcr >>>ust have bce>> dcficic>>t or>>>issi>>g (or the letc>>tial orcbody could have been cro<lcd a)vay or .till hc <Iccply buried). Such l>o>nologous structural arra>>gc>>>c>>ts as those nf Bisbcc a>>d tl>c Baboq(>ivari hfou>>tain build up the l>yl>oth<<sis of a. torsio>>al strai>> cff(':ct i>> this part <>f thc province. I>>deed, the subtle d>a>>gc i>> ori- <'I>/atio>> observed by both tl>e>>orth->>orth>vest and thc>>orthcast fract>>res at these t<vo ce>>ters, ivhich are o>>ly 100 >'>>iles apart, <<crtai>>ly al>pc:Irs co>>>patible Ifith thc slight curvature i>>herc>>t to thc Texas belt. Altl><>>~gl> th<<ir regio>>al rclatio>>ship c;u>>>ot clearly 1'c l/>praised at prese>>t, botl> cc>>t<<rs scc>>> to rcprc- '<<llt h>>lgc hkc>>o(lcs, ol kcy tgc>>t>I>l-tc>>s>o>>al tress sit>>atin>>s pert;>i>>i>>g to tl>c s<<>>ther>> fri>>ge of the Texas li>><<a>>>c>>t, a>>d tl>c> co>>l<l p<<rhaps be con-
i<lcrc<l as kcysto>>cs withi>> tl>c fr;u>>c(vork of tl>e li>>ca>>><n>t belt.
./Jo (Gilluly, 19 16; Dixo>>, 1966; AVa<lsw<<rti>, 196S) Co>>ti>>ui>>g the cxa>>>i>>atio>> farth<<r westward >1!>1>g~ the souther>> c<lge of the li>>ca>>>c>>t, thc next fracture c<<>>ter of i>>tcrest occurs at Ajo. There is, l><)wcver, vcrv little i>>for>>>ati<>>> to hc fo>>>>d nn the area surrn>>>>
> ~ this i>>tcrscctio>> to allo>v for broad y<fc I>>fcfc>>ces Rvitl>>>> thc Ajo stf<>ctuf:>l sct't>>>g. ~ Thc l)rcsc>>t Cor>>clia orcho(ly divas con.i<lcr<<<l si>>ce 1>>36 (Gilluly, 1946, p. 105) a>>(l is>>o)v co>>fir>>>cd I4 a<lsw(>rtl>. I DC)S, p. 101) as l>ciug tl'>e do(v>>f:>ultc<1 o>/ala of the Chico-Shu>>i <luartz>>>o>>zn>>ite pluton, I<<atcd two >>>iles to tl)c snutl)west. This <<upola <4a<ls<vnrth,
196S, Fig. 2, p.
103) r<<prcsc>>ts a Ivxthnnk cxa>>>l>lc of n>ultiplc, (li/Tcr<<>>ti:It<<(l intru- .i<>>ls that dis(lose a (kfi>>it<<nric>>t:>tin>> cxpfcssed in Ih>> later sta"c>> of a>> i>>trusin>>. Tl>c gc>>eral axis,
>v<<l>/v<1 as a l)ri<>>:>ry fr:>et>>re (II<> <<rtz, 19(>%> a>><l
/~l. is nri<<>>tc<l X>'55K:>>><1 follows a Yo. Cn>>>- l >)<<>>t nf the texas li>>ca<>><<>>t wl>i<<l).:I;>i>>,i>>)l)lies <I<'C>>>ltc cc(>>><)>>>ic c< >>>t rihut i<)>> < <ff<.f<<d b) thc 'i<I<<:>>>><<>>t to s<>>>>c hi ~l)ly>>)i>>cr:>liz<<<l cc>>lors in "'1>)ll('>st:,>fI/<>>>I>. I'hc 50-<I<<r(c tilt t<) thc ui>>tl>west >>>>(lcfg~n>>e l<y
l><<.hjn i<i<i<<k:>>>d hi>>"<<<1 ui<n>> thc l.i<<le.Xjn Xf<)u>>-

u>> I:>>>lt ()vhi<<h:<lsn <.'<ii>><<id<~~vi)h a Xo. 2 c(>>n-~~

n>v>>t of tl>c 1 cx

>s li>>c:>>>>v>>t)
. <<c>>>>> t<> hc a rc-sulta>>t of the tangc>>tial effects that i>><luced the slight curvature to thc gc>>eral belt. It is rc>>>arkable, i>>deed, to co>>>pare Ajo ivith Bisbcc i>> spite of their large geological diss<:mhla>>ccs: both of these mines which follow tl>c southern fringe of tl>e lineament, a>>d sinu>lta>>co>>sly, occ>>r at the i>>tersection of No. 2 aud No. 4 trends and also along a major cross-fact>>re that cxtcnds northeastwards into the gc>>eral hforcnci area. An apparc>>t but not neces-sarily Inajor flaw i>> this tc>>tative co>nparison is the fact that Bishcc a>>d Ajo arc porphyry coppers be-lo>>gi>>g to ra<lically difkrcnt a 'es'. the cmplaccmcnt at Bisbcc bei>>g approximately 165 million years as agai>>st 60 to 65 for 17 other orcbodies in this min-eralized province, Ajo being one of these seventeen (Livingston et al., 196S). Thc Ajo orebo(ly, ivl>icl> tl>us far remains a struc-tural puzzle, could plausibly constitute a third key-, sto>>e to the southern edge of the li>>eament belt. Gilluly stated that "thc trc>>ds of the faults that brought about vertical displace>>)e>> ts ivere controlled by ta>>gcntial forces and>>ot hy the grain of tl>e expose<1 geologic for>uatin>>s. The differential sup-port of thc cru tal blocks divas pres>>>>>ably the priruary cause of thc faulting but, i>> ge>>eral, the regional ta>>gc>>tial forces govcr>>ed thc orientation of the surface of the shear" (Gilluly, 1946, p.5$). SI'I"'cr Bc/i (Riel>ards a>><l Courtri l>t, 1954; 1966) Thc cc>>tral part of the Texas li>>ca>>>ent belt in Figure 2, with its upheaved a>><l its <lo(v>>thrown blncks, hri>>gs out quite co>>spicuously t)vo areas that sunk>>ot;>bly 'A )th fcgaf<l to tile adjacent blocks, as fa>'s present str>>c/ural knowledge can tell. Instead nf being relatively planar a>>d>>arrow grabens, these rather large areas appear>>>>>ch more important be-cause they are three-<limcnsin>>al dn)vnthro>vn areas, that is structural ivin<lows or broad negative blocks tl>at relatively sa>>k by gravity a>>d tension for several thousa>><ls of feet. O>>e>>>ajor mining area, Silver Bell, concurs )vithi>> o>>c of these lo)vs a>>d alo>>g a No. 1 tre>>d (Fig. 1) a>>d, o>> the basis of a prc(licate en(n>>>ccd prior to Chapter C, could per-haps lead to thc expectation of economic importa>>ce because this No. 1 stra>><l of the lineament is quite lo>><<a>><l tren<ls straight tnwar<l thc Bisl>ee orebody. Co>>>l>arisnn of thc gc>>cr;>lizc<l structural map (Fi ~. 5-a) will) the actual locati<>>> of the two >>)i>>eral dc/>osits at Silver Hell (Fig. 5-b) generally sho(vs goo<1 agrcc>>>c>>t. The t)vo major directions of i>>/crest at Silver Bell (c>>)pl>asizcd by heavier lines n>> 'Fig. 5) arc thc co>>)/>n>><:>>t Yn. 1 of the Tcx'>s belt:u>d a trc>><1 tl>at l>crtai>>s t<) tl>c Arizn>>a a>>ti-cli<u)riu>n. fhis co>>t<<>>tin>>, 1vhich do< 1>rcvio>>4 i>>v<<stigatin>>s, is l>asc<l on tl>c fact that )>u>>>crnus '>>>all n>o>>zo>>ite>>>ass<<s follow these t t V 4 I t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ E I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ I ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ < 'I ~s) s TH>: re.IS usVC.Ulr:.Vr i<VO lzS C'COVO)llC SlCVlrlC.f<VCC 177 33o L hllAhll. GLOBE SUPERIOR RAY MORENCI p / . ARAVAIPA COPPER CREEK KLOhIDYKE 6), t SAN y ')X r ANU j/ es)/~ /, / / ~', / ~4g, *', 32 rz I "/: y / i / P*LO VSSOS~ / MISSION/ lhlA s HELVETIA' / l Ml I / c HARSH' .I,) / s i' C3 i>< 4J miles hsi EX I CO')n. 6. Configuration of the various s>rue>ural "lows" isifcrrchi>> the Texas lineament in southeast Arizona. t>vo trends rather faitlifully a>>d tl>at the largest >>-onzonite body (Richards and Courtright, 1954), oy its broatier size aod by its angular sliape tliat <<M>braces botl> trends, defi>>itely marks the iiiaii>
ra<<tore intersection, so>>)cwhat remii)iscei)t of the
<'i>>ii:>r kcy po:itin>> held by tl>e Sacraoiento stock Disbce. Tlic dillcrc>>ce is that here lioth o>ines -re In<<ate)I vvitliio oi)e mile or so froo> tlie jui)etio>>, ~<ne >oi>le along c;lcll direction. In>lie:ltioils of a a>>rilieast
lireak, enoforoiable lvith tl>e striictural v.ck.ro>>>>d, tliat is, tnivanl Sa>>- tfa>>ocl, Copper

Creek, a>>tl
<Afore>>ci, certainly ct>>iltl co>>fir>>> the ~sitin>> of Silver Pell as ooc of tlie oiajor fracture 'I in>iers i>>sitlc tl>c Texas li>>eao)e>>t belt. .'<trll)<uxl nssrl 5'ss)slis< nsl of ilia fs ra< s'al Sit'rrils>:1raa '~iles r, I t>56); Ctst tiser, Is>60; I.aey:>>)tl 1 itlcv, 1962) In at!
io>> to thc stniet>>ral lo>v at Silver Bell I.f in 1'i<. 6) >vithi>> a>>sl li:tr:illcl to thc Tcyas line'ament belt, tl)cre is a>>otlier elongated, regional low (B) that occurs north of the Palo Verde-Mis-sion-Pima and of tlie Helvetia mineralized areas. Poth these mioing centers seem to be found on the upthroivn, southern side of tlie long Sycaniore fault, outhern boundary of this lo>>". Flolvever, the Palo Vcn1e->slissinn-Pi>>)a group sliould most likely be disregarded prcscotly because it occupies, structurally
speaking, an artificial; out-of-place position in the area (Cooper, 1960; Lacy and Titlcy, 1962), lcavi>>g tlie lfclvetia group alone to follow a strand of the Texas li>>caine>)t.
'fhis regional lo>v is mostly covered by alluvium except toivard the soutl>east con>er. Farther to the so>>th and strasldliog the soutl>em frin< e of tlic Texas linea>>icot, tliere is a large lo>v (C) orie>>teil cnissivisc a)id rather toivard tl>e anti-cli>>oriu>n. Its lvestcrn boun>lary shows a goosl nu>>)bcr of s>>iall niiiics a>>d prospects all alon<<a>>d cast of tlic Patagonia
Range, but these striii ~ out.
I r 5 17S JifCQUI)S 8. I Villi"I'8'i>>rilarly alo>>g tl>c a>>licli>>orio>>) trc>><l, I>>)plyi>>g thc lack of i>>flu>>cc fro>>) thc li>><<an)<<>>t h<<rc. Near arul soutlnvcst of Bisb<<c, there is a>>other struct>>ral low (D) for 1<<hi<<h th<<rc is not c>>or>gh I>>f<>>r>>:>tin>>:<v:)il:)hlc:u)>I >>o stu>l> 1>>:ul<<so far, d)rc l><<rh;>p>> ir) I>;<rt lo lh<roxi>)rily of tire hfcxicr<r) border. North of Bisl>cc,:)Ithorrgh>>ot <lire<<tly coo-nc<<t<<d with a low, is Tor>>bstorre, a farooos n)io-cralizcd center (Butler, 193S; Gilluly, 1956) 1vhich occurs where ai) a>>cicr)t r)orth-south fracture (along 1vhich the Schicffclio gr<)r)o<Iioritc 1vas croplaccd) e>>cour)ters an apparcr)t i>>tcrscctior) of ir)fcrred No. 2 and 4 trc>>ds. The for)ocr of these trcruls parallels
a. number of )oajor fractures oricotc<l N60>>V south-east of the Ajax IIillhorst whereas thc latter tr'eod follows, it seer))s, a short 1vedgc-like basin or graben tlrat relatively moved )vcstward alorrg a N751rV aver-aged direction, north of the horst.
The latter was upheaved as )ouch as 6,500 feet oo its western edge, pcfhaps th<'oil rh 'thc lrltcf;rcl.)o>> of 'the two coolpo nents of the fexas lioear>>cnt, acting as a couple, 1vith the@orth-south fault. Norlhern Fringe of llrc Te.ms Li>rennr c)rl Bell (Scl>>var tz, 1953; Pellctier a>>d Cr<<asey, 1965; Lo<vell, 1968) To the northwest, the i>>for>>)alio>> g<<ocrally be-comes>>)ore scanty. Two s)>>all ar)gular lows (2 aod F) ivhich arc oi)ly partial grAbcos, arc located outside aod north of thc linea)>>cot
belt, in ho-mologous arrar)ger>>cr)t a>>d ti<<d up 1vith a No. 2.
co>npo>>cnt: oc<<urrir)g e>>tircly ir),alluviuro, there,is >>o o)ineralizalioo to be readily cxpcctcd. Farther cast a>>d abotti>>g ag;<ir)st a ))orthcr>> coro-poneot of the Texas linea)neot, there is a p;<rtial graben (G) tl)at ccono>>)ically is particularly io)por-tant. The western boundary of this lo)v is recognized for sei'eo rr)iles as tire %>far))r>>otlr fa>>lt, parallel to, the anricli>>orir)n) a>><l strongly co)phasizc<l by lo>>gi-tudi>>al, acro)))agoetic 1>atter>>s. It seems entirely .possible (as ir)<licaled on Figurc 1) that the'I ara-mide moozooite-porphyry dike swarr))s that brought ~<bout the ol'>grillll, u>>f:url<<<l S:ro Afa>><lcl Kalaolazoo or<.body (I.owcll, I96S, p.'47) 1vas c>>)placed alo>>g this a>>ci<:>>t, prio)ary fault. A>>)oog thc rcgion- )vi<le structural disturl>a>>ces that followed, cross-cutting a>><l tiltiog the
area, some 1vithout doubt could reflect recurreot CK<<cts of the Texas lin<<:uoent belt, namely the ir>>porta<)t Rc<l Hock fault, implyirrg that the linear>>cot C<>>)I<l co>>ccival>ly occur this far north.
The caster>> 1>ou>>>l:)ry of thc graben (C) is chhracterizc<l by lhc>>ro>><<raus o)ines of the COI>I>er Creek area (huh>> 1941; Crc:<scp ct:<I, 196I). Cnocer>>i>>g thc I;)rge Iow (ll) there is oot t:>>ougrh )llfoflo>)t>oil lo>>1:<kc.) colljecl>>fe at this t)>>)e. Practure Centers Outside of the Texas Lineament Belt Irr order to better assess the apl)arcnt structural ioflueocc of the Texas lineament belt throughout so>1tlreast Arizo>>a io tcnns of ruioeralizatioo, it 1vould seer>>>>>>cccssary lo compare such cffccts ivith si>>>itar sihratio>>s occurriog outside and away from this belt. O>>c would very probably expect more intcrcsti>>g structural features accompanied with ore to occur within the lineament belt than outside be-cause of the adtlitiooal disturbances that it created and of the renewed tangential'-tensional stresses in-volved. To the north, there arc three more lo)vs (Pig. 6). Thc Aravaipa-Klondykc area (Ross, 1925; Creasey et al, 1961;
Simons, 1961) (I) is also a partial grabcr) tl)at may perhaps still belong to the main belt.
An apparent lo)v at lvforenci (Lindgren, 1905a and b; ihfoolick a>>d Dorek, 1966) (K) could exist south of the n)i>>in<<center, but there may oot be enough evidence for interpreting its presence. As to the Safford orebody (Cook and Robinson, 1962; Robinson and Cook, 1966), it is rather symmetrically located along another virtual bisectrix, between two ir>>porta<)t structural belts: a shear zone, 3,000 feet wide, passing through the San Juan mine to,the >>orth aod a shear zone 5,000 feet wide, practically coincident with the Trojan fault to the south. The group of mi>>es tl)at includes Christmas, Ray,
Superior, ihfiami, Castle Dome, Copper Cities, and Globe, fart)rcr north seems as a whole to be ir)ter-sccted solely by the>>orthcastcrn and north-north-wester))
fractures, sec>>)iogly remote from the in-flr)cr)cc of lhe Texas belt (ivith the possible except>0>l of a No. 2 strand, oriented ir) the general <lircction of these n)i>>es, "corning from the so>>theist). This i>>)portaot agglor>>eratior) of mines exhibit con)plex, square-shaped partial-gr;<ben situations (Iow L) north and a)viry from the Texas linea)ocnt b<<lt. Structure, as rationalized thus far in this study, does not explain the occurrence of these mining centers. It does not explain either why certain parts of this <<rca were so i>>tensely disturbed as to display at nr)n)crous pl;>ces the regional brecciation long ago <lescribc<l as )<<rrazo pave>>) cnt (Ransome, 1904; Baker, 1934; P<<lersoo, 1954). The hypothesis of a broa<ler, 1vid<<r version. of the lineament belt as a possible cxplanatioo for this brecciation on such )arge scale, this far north, docs not agree 1vith the pr<<sc>>t lio
>"s, a>>>)ay'c appropriate to con-si<ler the i>>lerv<<olio>> a>>><lcr l:uul thc pcrplcxing frag>>)<<otation that <<v<<>>lu:<le<I-over such I:<rge areas. Another hypoth-
esis, to bc expouo<1ed in a subsequent

paper, is related to several P;rleozoic basins 11>hich once existed Ill sh st>
iaaf. of SC) t)v Yc lV, ola co< of 'u>>I far So<> Iac! rcl; mir ( >>)tf fau lat 1Vf< the pre ))1c Sa Ca) nor bte n)cl tha lir) tho )Crr )t )) 'io tho for the occ OCC Te. east 1arg SCCl nor coo C )S tl)e i ~ ~ "k 'i r.' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7/I/ TEXifS I /:V/ill )II:IVTil<VD ITS I'CQXOIIIC SICH// /Crl/ICE 179 in this part of the state. Tlicir flanks, xvcakcned a>>d sh:illcrc<l througli co>>)1>actino, coi>>ciilc ratlicr ivcll )villi llie lircsci)ce of tliosc lliillcs>>nw foiii)rl to hc. sir<<>>" all aro<<lid tlic 1>asi>>s (as f:ir soolli as Sao ~fainicl aiul CI)ristioas) aiul also corrcspoiid t'o soioc <>f tlic places )vhcrc tlic tcrrazo pavcnic>>t was dc-I scribe<I. Outsi(lc aii<l so<<tli of tlic belt, in Aifcxicao territory, ~ tivo i>>ajor )i)iiies, Caila>>ca (Vale>>ti>>e, 1936; Vcl;)sco, 1966) anil 1 ilarcs, at Vaacozari (>Vade a)id )Va>>IItke, 1920) do>>ot apl>arciitly fall oii cxtrap-nlatc<l str<<ctural trc>>ds (>>ot illustrated licre). This ((><<III bc explai>>cd by tile fact tl)at trends loose mucli <)f tlicir evi<lcnce ootside of tlic area un<lcr scrutiny, unless constantly reinforced by additioiial field data brtlicr alo>>g the )vay. Such eKorts toward the I w<<th arc ii<<Iced lian)pere>fnr>>)ation as well as rather scanty cor-rclat:ible data pertaioi>>g to the structure of the fciv )ni>>ii)g cc>>ters occurriog in northern Sonora. Ca>>a>>ca is o)ai>>ly characterized by a multiplc-i))trusio>> granite e>>close<1 ivithin an earlier, complex bolt systc>>), l>otli oriciited oorth<vcs<. Ei.i<lence of late xvi(lc ffactilfcs;uld shcelf 701)cs s'trlklllg noftll )var<I, togctlicr witli tl)e siioilar orientatioii sliown by Illc Gu)a>>ca Ra>>gcs, gives so)lie )vcight to 'tllc i<n pression tliat G)oa>>ea a)so occurs along an iniagi>>ary, iuciliic>>t >>ortli-so>>tli biscctrix p;lssi>>g tlirnugli thc San B,>>to>>lu,uld Tcl'1;ill;ltc pfospccts, l)ol'tll of Ca>>a>>ea.'licre is prese>>tly no iiulication that a )><>rthcastcr>> trciul joiiis Cai)anca to
Bisbce, to later joi>> tlic Lordsburg-Tyrone-Sa>>ta tiita align-
)i)cot All tlie above consiilcrations certainly ii)dicate Illat tlie fracture cc>>ters tliat occur within the Tcvas liocanlcnt belt arc as a <vhoie )iiore mi>>cralized tha>> Iho. c centers located outside. The economic signif-icance of tliis belt should certainly be recognized, as it nul:t liave significantly coi)tributed to the forma-Ii<>n of a riclily nii>>cralized province. Conclusions . >Iten)I>t h<ls bccll >>1;lde to llldlc<llc b) )llductlnll III<~.'c IIrna<l. regioiial paranictcrs possibly responsible IIIr llic (Iccurrc>>ce of major mines, then to cxamiiie
hc local structural sct ting i)t ')vhich so>>ie of tlicse
~~'c<<r. I nr instance, thc niii)cralized stock at L'ishce vI<<rs cxactl) at tile i>>terscctinn of a sl rand of thc 1vsas liiica>>ic>>t with tile axis of ao iiiiliorla>>t>>orth-fraclure or trnugh, vvhile at Silver PCII the -"v.'t llln>>7n>>llc bod)'ccufs cx;lctl);it lh<.'lltcf ~ivliuo of tlie same li>>ca>>)cot trco<l <vith a nnrth-1)liiv<<sl fr:i('t>>rc, tile 'fcxas Ii>>va>>1<>>t li> tli<: 'IIIII ~ eii ~ II II~ eiiiiil:llssl'. ~s ~ I ~ o ~Iei:il. Klilieeii II iii lice)li lle ~'.I ~ ' I I'I".I 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ "~ ~ ~ el ll "ei>I'I ~ I'e Il.Iei ~ I ~I ~ Ililei'>~e loll'II~),liie\\'ie oil ~'I\\'l~ lhc stock varies from contiguity to one to tivo miles, tlie broa<l i>>fh)c>>cc of tile Texas li>>eaincnt belt is o>><lc>>i;ihlc. A I>rc<licatc, ciioii>>cc<l 'arlier, that a lo>>g fractiirc, all>>ig tlic trono(ly is >>)ore likely tliaii another, so-call>ii>>c<1, will hai'c to be reioforcc<1, or corrected as thc celsc>>>a) bcI ')vith tl)c gra<liial up<lati>>g an<1 ad<litioii of ficl(l data. Co>>lirniation of tlicsc breaks ivill also col>>c about tlirough an iocreasi<<g number of techniques soo>> to bccoinc available. These tcch- >>iques i>>ay coioprise the folio)ving: detailed and general gravity determioatioos, acromag>>etic and scisinic )vork (Zictz ct al. ~ 19C4;
Zictz, 1969)
~ thermal gradicot and heat flow studies, infrared and radar investigations, and photogeologic analysis (Harman, 1967; Parmcoter, 1968), not to forget satellite photograpliy (although much surface struc-ture is expected to blur the aivaited results). AVhcrcas soine of these techniques <vill or n)ay not necessarily bri>>g out convergent
results, nor even coinpatible o>>cs, snme )vill nevertlieless re>>lain re-
)vafdi>>g. Indications of depth, <vidth, aod conti>>uity of fractiircs as interpreted from their patterns a>>d co>>tiguity to k>>ow>> mines slioul<l also reveal anom-alies alo>>g sonic of tlie trc<<<ls, as io<licate<l tlirough coinputcr i>>ctliods aod statistical aiialyscs. Furtlier st<<dies by various geopliysical
nicans, the use of geochronolngic data, geochemical i>>vestigatio>>s and
<leep-well Iog analyses should be pursued and con-firmed, of course, in conjunctioii with repeated iield )vork. ')elore locally, the gconiorphologic ioiplica-
tions, as tlie obvious eloiigatioo of lakes and of stretches of rivers, cvcn in scrni-ari<l areas, the more subtle controls of erosion mccl)anisms aod

effects, a>>d cliannel hchavioiir (hertz, 1963; 1964-65; 1966b; 1970b), etc., cannot be n<<glcctcd.
From exhaustive structural st<<ilies )vithin the - district cn>>siilcr<<d for cxplnr:ition, t<>gether with the stratigraphic anil alter<)t)on settings, a>>il:ilso the evciitoal response to a numl>cr of >>cw techniques, those unexplai>>able annnialies alo>>g certain trends nr close to spccilic interscctio>>s shn>>M require close i>>vc;tigation. flic s>>m of tliese procc<lures and i<lcas )viII s<>>))c ikiy yield a valiiable key to tile localizatii>ii of future niioes and n)iiiiiig districts, man) of tlicse bci>>g still buried uo<lcr lava or alhlvi<<in. Ark>>nwlc<II>>)c>>I ~ I II".' I ~ 'li I ~ IIII I I~ \\ I, I ~ o I I ~'\\ ~. ~ elolll~ III I IIII 1<I'II Ill K eli'irI~I 1 I I e le i I+ I Il'I'l<<lli ~II IellIeIIII II~III~ 0, t, w F ~ ~ 1SO J(IC()f)r>. /I. If'Irl(IZ as are t)>u cc>>> t>r><.>>)s s(>u<cgust<<rl ))> sever:>) )>)c>>>l>cfs c>f t)iu st:<A'. I'(..w<:g>< I)gv>'.t.o uzi gs r I.isi i'('>><i, VAxcuUv>!><, 8. C.> r1><gris) 25; Nuz'<.>>>bur 20, I949 IIEI'ERENCES A)b<<rc)log, I I.~ 193S, C<<ulugy vf the Northern E>>>pire: h)vu>>- taios, Arizvoa: U. uf Ariz. I'h.D. <dissertation, )0(> pp. Albrittvo, C. C., Jr., aiid Sioitli, ). F., 195G, )flic '1'c:xas Lin<<ao><<>>t( 1>>tcr>>. Geol. Cc<ogrcss, hlcxicu City, Sec. 5,
p. 501-518.
Bal'cr, C. L.,
1934, chfajvr str>>c(ural features of Tra>>s-I'ccus Texas: I>> L. Il. S<<llards ai>d u(li<<rs, Tlic g<<vlvgy of Texas, Vol.
2, Struc(ural aod ).c:vo<iioic: Ccolugy. Texas Univ. Bull. No. 3401, p. )37-2)4. Billiogsley, P., and Locke, A., l<)4), Stro<<tore. of ore districts io (hc conti<><<otal fra<ocivvrk: A.).h).E. Tra>>s. v.
144,

p. 9-(>4.
Bru<<k, B. B., 195G, Structural iov>>aics and rcdatvd co>>c<<pts: Trans. Cc,'ol. Soc. So. Africa, v. 59, p. 14)-)97. ,1957, KVor)d patterns and lineamcnts: frans. Geol. Soc. So. Africa, v. 60, p. 127-160. ,1959, On orogc>>ic evolution, cvitl> special references to soot)>crn Africa: Tra>>s. C<<vl. Suc. Su. Africa, v. 69,
p. 325-37?
Broivne, J. F., 1958, The gco)ogy of the Cuprite mining area )'io>a I'o., Arizoi>a: U. of Ariz. I>I.S. thesis, 39 pp. Bryant, D. G., a>>d Mctz, H. G., 19G6, Gculugy aod ure <lc-pusi(s uf tlie KV:<rr<<o hfioi>>g District: I>> C<<utugy of the Purpliyry Cot>pcr Deposits, Svotlicv<<ster>> North America: U. of Ariz. I'ress,
p. 189>>203, by S. R. Tit)cy aml C. L Hicks.
Bryant, D. G., 19G8, Iritrusive br<<ccictYarr<<o (Bi>>bc<<) X)ioiog District, Arizu>>ia: Eco><. Gzoi.
v. 63, No. I, p. 1-)2.
Botl<<r, B. S., Wi)sc<n, F.. Dv anil Ra>>or, C. A, 193S, Gev)n),'y aod vrc d<<pnsits c<f tlic Tc>>>>b>>to>><<District, Ariz@>>a> Ariz. Bureau of hfir>cs B>ill. )43, )14 pp. Caill<<ux, A., )958, Etude qiaiitita(ivc des faillcs: Revue de G<<uo>urpho)ngic Dynan>i<luc, IX a>>oce, p. 129-145, io)d personal co>ll>>lllll><<at>oo. Ch>osr H,, 194S, Tlic ancient E>>ropcan bas<<ment blr><<ks (prc-li>>>iiary no(c) t Trans. An>. Ccop)iys. Union, v. 29, Nu. I,
p. 99-)03.
Cook, A., and Rob>nsoo, R. F., 19<<2, Ccology of tlie K<<iiiie-cot( Copper Corporation's Saffc>rd Ci>ppcr D<<)esit> N. hfex. Soc. G>>i<le;bonk, )3(h Field Conf., p. 143-148. Cooper, J. R., 1959, Su>>><< gc.ologic f<<aturcs of tl>e Dragoo>> Quadrangle, Arizona: Ariz. Ccu). S<+. Guidebook No. 2,
p. 139-145.
,)960, Some gcvlogic features of tlie Piina Mining Di'i-trict, Pi<>>a Co., Arizona: U.S.G.S. Bull. 11)2-C, p.63-103.
Creasey, S.
C.. Jacks<co, E. D., and C<ulbra>><lseo, R. A.,
1961, Rccoiin:iicsanre g<<olo< ic map of parts of the Sao Pedro and Ara'v:>ipa

Valleys, South-Central Arizc>na:
U.S.C>>.S. Map %IF-238. Dixon, D. AV., 19(G, Gco)ogy of tl>e Neiv Curnclia <)i>>e, Ajo, Arizona( I>> Geology of tli<<Pnrpliyry Cvp(>cr De-
posits, South>vest Nnrth A>>><<:ica, U. of Ariz. I'ress,

p. )23-)32 by S. R. Titlcy a>>d C. I.. Hicks.
Do>>aid, P. G.,
1959, Gcob>gy nf tlie Fre>>nal Peak Ar<<a, Baboquivari Mountains, Arizo>>a: U. of Ariz. %if.S. t'he>>is.
45 pp. D<<mpsey, W. J., Pack)er, W. D., el al., 19G3.a, Aernniag-netic ioap of tlic Dragon>> Qi>ailra>>gle, Cnchisc Co., Arizona: U.S.G.S. Gcn(liys. I>>vectig. Map GP-412. ,,ct al., loii3-h, Acrnnagoetic map of Cn bise Qiadrangle, Co<<hi>>e Co., Ariz<>na: U.S.G.S. G<<npbys.
Investig. hfap G>P-4)3.
D<<r>>psey, W. J., a>)d Hill. Ar. E., )I)(3 c, Acr<un;ignct>c >nap of the Marnrnoth Qiadranglc. Pi>>al aod Piioa Counties, Arizona: U.S.C.S. Geop'hys. I>>ve>>tig. Map GP-419. ~ ~ ~ ~.'<Iol ))c<3 >>ag>>otic map uf lcir(s vf (h<< Wilb:<<x cl I <14<1>>:\\ ()i>:i<)r:o>g)es, C<<h>sc Cci., Ariz<>>>a: U.S.G.S. C<<I<)ihys. 1>>v<<>>tig. hlap Gl'-I(8, I';iir, C. I., I')(<l, )'r<>b:ct>)c Greta<<<<<ms.)'c.r(i;<ry snlivo io I'r<<so:i) ( ally<<ll~ ))ah<<<to>v:<r> Mr<ill>ticoi>>, Ar>reI>>:it ltf>c. C<<v) bvc, l)>g<<st> v. 4, p. 93-9a. AI>>u vl;>1 <<<)l>><o>llo<<c<t>. Cilluly, J., )946, )'hc Aju hlioi>>g District, Aricvoa: U.S.G,S. 1'ruf. I'aper 09 1)d pp. 195 G, Cco<<ra) gcvlugy uf c<<otrat Cvclrisc
County, Arizona: U.S.G.S. I'ruf. Pap<<r

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Cog>>el, J., I<)52, fr@i(c d<<T<<<<tv>>i<(uc( Pari>>, Izraoce, 'Afa>>uu ck C<>., 383 p. Coil)><<rt, J. hl., a>>><<r, J. S.,
196S, Di>>tril>u(ion l. Suc. Cuii)<<bo >k Ilf, p. 97-1)2.
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'Cwtooic fran>ccvcirk of soutliwc:stirn United States a>><l pc>>>sible cnntincntal rifting: I>> Back-bone of the Americas, Syroposium. Memoir 2, p. 130-139. Am. Ass. I'<<t. Geol. Jul>>>son, V. )f., 1941, G<<ulugy of the 'ffc)v<<tia Xclioiog ))is-trict, Arizuia: U. uf Ariz. Ph.D. Dissertation, 111 pp. Jones, W. R., 194), Thc geology of the Sy<<a>>>ore Ridg<<area, Pio>a Cn., Arizona: U. of Ariz. hI.S. th<<sis, S9 pp. K<<lley, V. C.,
1955, Regional tectonics of the Colorado P)i>tc<<ii> and relationship to the origin and distribution of Urn>>i>>i>>: U. of N. hfcx. Press, Pub). No. 5, 120 pp.
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Lnic el), J. D., 196S, Gcolo y of thc Kalamazoo orebndy, San hfai>u<<l District, Arirn>>a: Ecox. Gzn(... v. 63, p. 645<54. I.ud<len, R. lV., 1950. Geology of thc Ca>opo Bnnito ares. Orac/e, Ariz<<oat U. of Ariz. M.S. (h<<sis, 52 pp. Lutt<o), R. J.,
1958, Some structural features in so>>them Arirnna: U. nf Ariz. I>I.S. thesis, 138 pp.
.<fi>yn, F. B., 1958, Lineament tectnoics and soine nre di>- trirts of the south>vest: 'hfiniog Eogo><<eriog, v. 10, p. ))69~ )175. M<<o:ird, H. W., 1955, Defor>>ation of the north<<cist<<rn Pz. ri(>c ba>>ill anic". Geol. Snc. Ain. 13>>))., v. 67, p. 1207-1246. Moo)i<<k, R. 'f., a>>~ trirt: In C<<nlogy>>f the Porpliyry Copper D<<)~)sits, South. west Nvr(h Am<<rica. U. nf Ariz. Press, p, 221>> 3) by S. R. Titl<<y and C. L. IIi<<ks. ) ~ I'c I'i 14;I Rii i 1 Ri< c c Rv Ro I Rc Ri> Sv .0 t ~ ~ ~i i ~ a ~ ~ 'I 't ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i'" ':tfiiw>>, ):> r >>62, >>>>tru>>t cc l '> o)ovv <lf a 1)aft <1) )c>> <<act 'bL'fi o t >c Iw't ) ( <t'lbi)a hbi'>)Illa>ns, Pl))la Co., Ariz<<:)a: ~. l: Ariz. I'b.L). dis.>>rlatio>>, 155 pp. Raus n)i<<. b. I 904a, Ti)c gcoliigy:i:wl < rc ikli)sits of (lie llichfc ()>>: ilr. "glc< Arizo:>a: U.S.(i.S. I'rof. I':>per 21, ]><3 I I). ,>'4)4L, 1)c>>eriptioi) of t'Iie G]obc Q)):>>]r>~>>g)c, Ariznoa: L.S.t:.S. !'olio 111, 17 pp. ltifblrilc. V.. a>><1 Ciwirtright, J. If.. 1954, Str>><<lure a>>d min<<ra)ization at Silver J)c]l, Ariz>>>>><t hli>>iog I'.>>gi>>ccr-ing, ao I A.I.M.I'raoc., v. 199, p. ]095-]0'>9. -,a>><l,lo(4, Structure anil >>iio<<falizalion at Silver B<<)l t I>> Gee<logy of thc 1'nrpbyry Copter ))<<t<osits, S>th- ))<<st co<th Ao)crica, U. Ariz. 1'rcsc, p. 157-)63, by S. R. 'itl<<y aiol C. I I licks. Riilit<<r. (... I'.,:>>>il (.1>>t<<olicrg, B., ]964, S<<is>>)icily of So>>th- <<fn (::ilifor>>ia I>i Gco)ogy of So>>ther>> Califiiroia, Stile iif Calif. ))<<I<t..of i%at. Rccu>>r<<cs. 1)iv. of hli>>cs, Boll. )I I<v>t, I)., ]9N, Gcolngic lii>i'aiw<<>>]aire ct richcsscs oiin-efa)vs; Iw~<<voc <Ic I'1iiil>>stric hlio<<r:<lc, St. I'.)i<<one, I'rance, v a0, p. /43 7>>7<:)ll<l pcfs<lll:)I cowl<Ill>Ill<<)i(loll. R 4iiu o, R. i., a>>il C<)uk, A., ]<)(fii. Thc S:iffird Cnplicr ])<'lxcit~ I.i>>>c Star h) i>>i>>g 1)ictrict. Gr><I)>>i>> Cn.. Arizona: I>> Gc I gy < f >hc P rpliyry Co; I r ])<<;c>sits. S<>>tliiv<<ct-rr>>.i<irth A>>>iriiii,U. of Ariz. I'rrcc, p. 251 2M< Ii}'.R. 'I'itl<<y a>><l C. I I licks. )l< sc, (:. I'.. )>>25, ( cilhig}';ill<Iufc <1<<lxisitc < f thc Arlvailll iu>d Stl>>lc} hli>>iiig l)islrictc, (.r:iliaio Cn., Ariz>l: L.'5.(i.S. B>>ll. 763. )20 pp. )(il~<ilk, ( ~. A... loil )'icb<<r, Ic. I... ]>>64. St <lift>>r:il l>ict<iry a>>inn <if Gulf nf Calif<ir>>ia: A>>i. As ix:. I'ctrnl. G l., h)v>>> ir 3: hlari>>c ( col ~gy f )lic ( wlf nf Cali-iia<oia. p. 144.]5(). >>fin:>xb. I'.. R.. I')5(). C<<ktooicfhc S>>t>>I)i<<w:>>Is <lclll vl'Iglfi- >>>>'f)l /<<'i vl>i'Ilg<'ifgc (I<' <tck ~ <i)l<i'lies Syolpiici>>ill, I'like Vff]ag. p. 441-452. >><Ic>>i>t. )1. A..
1935, Struct>>ra]
accociatin>>c <if i'crtain ~ ii'>'<I!if<roue <]<<I~'sits b) sou)In) <<>>t<<r>>. I. >>it<<d Sta)<<c aml ->>>!ivro 51<.sic'o: A.).hf.E. Trl>>c.. v. )15. p. 3h-5A. I'i:o. Tli<<<<<q<t>> r pr iviof<<nf tlic . <>>tlio<<ct: hliniog' cch)iiri>>g. v. ] I. p. 5>>7~4)0. . I'x>. Tlli ]<<pl>'if} C'>>]<le f Ihl~lcl>s lli th<<ir r<<gin>i:Il ~ u:<g: Ii> t.c>>due<< i<f tlii I')]4)}r) (<itq<<r ])<
c)ts, >> c: in<a->i f>> %orth A>>><<rica. L. <if Ariz. Prccs. p. 17-(). Iiy 4. It. Till<f.ti. hl.. )<>:3. (.,c<s]<q~ nf thc San hfaw>><<l Copper I)<",-~.it. Arjf.>>a: \\:.S.G.S. I'mr. I'iip<<r 2. (i. 63 )ip. ': ".. I.. 'I'.. I'>5<<. Strilc l>fc ll>d t+tr<<1 igy if tlic.Iolwi>>y "w llillc aria. Ariz>>ia: Calif. ]>>St. iif T<<ch. I'h.)). '"~ < i"w<'>ll. - ~ o.. I:. S,. )')rs). (.<<i<lngir )wali:i>>il . <'<'>i.>>>s <>I >lie ~ ':'z. 1 '~ ))'az:.c'.e:, V.. <~o;., A;.~."..'far:c>>..'4. Z., 19GI, "or.- Va<c. ').. < ve c>>.< '35~ t " < s 0> l);e Cao>u>ca h10)o)'tal)is< Sn:.-Cz, Xfclico v o ~w fc.l. z): ~i., V. 47> i)gy D tb>> (, a>>a>>ca 1)l>>tflet Iii . 4cn]c:~ of:he I'o;:.;:7:J Cf.p;~.- D:;)osits, Soutliivcstcro bort:". Anicfica, (.'. o: Ariz. Press, 1>. 245-249, by S. R. Titlcy an<) C. L.:-Iicks. ~ '. ~ KVa<)c, W. R., and )))<".>-..6:kc, A:, 1920, (.<cology an<1 iwiniwg )n<<tl><x)$ at Pilar<~~>a: Eqov. Gro>, v. G3,~~
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KVa]lace, R. hf., 1955, Struc>ore of thc i)or(bern <<nd of tbe Sa>>ta Catalina h!nun)aine, Arizo>>l: U. of Ariz. L'b.D. dlsscf tltlolli 45 pp %argo, J. G., ]954, Genliigy of a portion of the Coyotc-Qoin]ao Coi>>p]cx, I'iiiia (.o., Arizona: U. of Ariz. h!.S. tllcsls 67 prl Wcrtz, J. B.,
1963, Mcc)uwiic>>) of crocion aod ilcposition along c]iao))c])v>>yst Jour. Ariz. A<<a<1. of Scicore,

v. 2,

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,1964-65, I ')'.nlaille ct la capture. <\\'arroyo: Accidc>>ts gcologiA>>cs c>>rvcnaot a>>ic <<a]lees ital>itucllcme>>t scclics du Sud-()>>est ~]cs E>ats-Unis: Revue de Gc<>>>>orplmlngic D}i>'ill>l<jlle XV All>)CC ll 145-157. ,)966ia, Rclatin>>chip of ) act gco)nomic structural processes to thc rock n)a>>scs asw".;<1<<d cvith mining <lictricts > Open-I.ilc Rctx)rt of l>>vcstig.. U. S. Bor. Df <%fines, )31 pp. ,]9(<(l), lhc Aood cyc)c f <<pbcm<<ral >w nmt:iin ctrcaios in south)icctrro (. >>it<<' States: Aonals, 'hssoc. Aincr. (<cograpbcrs.
v. 56, p. 5')8-633.
,19(<ca St>i)ctiiral cl<<>>><<ots of nrc search io I'Iic Bacin an<) Range J'rovii)ce. So>>tli<<:ist Ariz<>>)a-<Inn)cs a>>iir<< ii>ter.<<c".i<>>>s: S.h].J'li>>iwg Tra>>s. A.l.h).]'... v. 241. )l. IG ,)!>L%, J.ra<<t>>rc i>>tcr<<etio>>s a>>d
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<<ctdnfatioo gwi<]cs in sn>>>li<<r>i ArizI>>>a: -W<<ster>> <Miner, v..4), )i. 22-28.. 1970a. The Arizo>>a Cn)<pcr Pr<ivii)cc anil >lie T<<a)ac ).i>><<a>neat: A.r.h).E. Preprint 70-l-50. .)970b, Sur la pre)lsion dc la prcccncc d'afA<<>>rcments )e I~ >>>g des rivicres (Predicting the )ocati<o) of n>>tcropc along rivcrc) t 7eitcchrif> Bir Ggom<irlihob<gie (in )irecc). Wicccf. F. 1960. Re)a>ifu> nf nrc <Jcp<<cition to do>lli>>g in thc )i<orth Amcri<<an C<ir<lilhra: t,icnl. S<c. Am. hf<n>>iir
77. )17 pp.
Yeats. R. S., )9(S. S<<utlicrn t:ilifiroia sir>>ft>>re. Sca Aoor spreading, a>>>2. 7ietz, l., et al.. )'.>Glt, Transc<witi>><otal geopbycica)'urvey: U.S.G.S. Ge<d<igic )nv<<stigatioo hlaps J-532-A,B,D; '-533-A.B.I):<nhers. .)969. The ci arch f.ir <irc ~Ictxicitc uciog vvi<lcly spared acro>>)ago<<tie tir <fil< c: Ahc>r)i<t <if I'lpcf )if<<sclltc<l at thc ngth Aw>>. hl<<<t.. A.].h).E. 0-

ML18192B288

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Dear Mr. Parr:

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