ML20245K650

Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Trojan Nuclear Plant,Annual Rept 1988

ML20245K650
Person / Time
Site:	Trojan File:Portland General Electric icon.png
Issue date:	12/31/1988
From:	Cockfield D PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
To:	NRC OFFICE OF INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IRM)
References
PGE-1009-88, NUDOCS 8905050114
Download: ML20245K650 (137)

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! OPERAT::0XAL ECOLOGICAL

4 MONITORING PROGRAY

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i ANNUAL REPORT 1988

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[ Dept. of Environmental Sciences  ; i Portland, Oregon 1 Copyright 1989

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-l' T ABLE OF CONTENTS s

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SECTION I - GENERAL

l. Acknowledgements 1 M

{ 2. Technical Specification Requirements 1-1

3. Intr duction l-2 r'a .

[ A. General 1-2 1-2 B. Trojan and Its Environment C. Trojan Ecological Monitoring Program 1-5 f' ,

1 1-10

4. Summary

5. Technical Specification Reports 1-13 SECTION II - COLUMBIA RIVER AQUATIC PROGRAM

1. Physical and Chemical 11-!

2. Fish Impingement Il-19 ,

Fish Behavior 11 - 2 1 3.

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SECTION 111 - TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM

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.{< l. Aerial Photography I!!-1

2. Chemical Composition of Salt Drif t Precipitation 111 - 1 3

3. Birds III-20

4. Incidental Observations  !!!-27

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c SECTION IV - RECREATION LAKE AQUATIC PROGRAM g ..

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'" 1. Recreation Lake Fish IV-1

2. Benthic Invertebrates IV-3 r

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't SECTION V - REFERENCES V-1

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FIGURES I PAGE ,

I-4 1-1 Water Circulation System at the Trojan Nuclear Plant I-2 Trojan Net Electric Generation 1-6  ;

!!-l Columbia River Sampling Stations 11 - 2 11 - 2 Columbia River Temperature 11 - 3 m; 11 - 3 Columbia River Conductivity 11 - 5 y]

11 - 4 Columbia River Dissolved Dxygen 11 - 8 11 - 5 Columbia Rive' Percent Dxygen 11 - 8 11 - 6 Columbia River pH 11 - 1 1 11 - 7 Columbia River Total Alkalinity  !!-11 6

11 - 8 Columbia River Secchi Dise 11 - 1 4 11 - 9 Columbia River and Willamette River Discharges  !!-15 .q 11-10 Columbia River Chlorophyll a 11-18 3 11 - 1 1 Echo-Sounding Survey Transect Locations  !!-23 .

11-12 Spatial Distribution of Targets, April 1988 11- 2 4 11 - 1 3 Spatial Distribution of Targets, June 1988 11 - 2 5 11 - 1 4 Spatial Distribution of Targets, July 1988 11 - 2 6 11 - 1 5 Spatial Distribution of Targets, August 1988 11 - 2 7 111 - 1 Trojan Aerial Photography - Flightline and Analyses Sites - III-2

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111 - 2 Salt Drift Collector Stations 111 - 1 4 111 - 3 Precipitation at Trojan Nuclear Plant 111 - 1 5 y

111 - 4 Trojan Bird Census Transects / Recreation Lake Sampling 111- 2 1 fj Stations IV-1 Benthic Invertebrates Recreation Lake - Number /m2 IV- 5 ' f; IV-2 Benthic Invertebrates Recreation Lake - Number /m 2 IV-5 IV-3 Benthic Invertebrates Recreation Lake - Total Mean Density IV-6 j, IV-6

• IV-4 Yearly Density Comparisons "n  ;

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s 11 - 1 Columbia River Temperature 1I24

'. j a 11- 2 Columbia River Conductivity 11 - 6 l[' Il-3 Columbia River Dissolvcd Oxygen 11 - 9 11-10

!!-4 Columbia River Percent Oxygen p  !!- 12 11-5 Columbia River pH

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11 - 6 Columbia River Total Alkalinity 11- 1 3 11 - 1 6 11 - 7 Percent Willamette River Contribution 11 - 8 Columbia River Chlorophyll a_  !!-17 F  !!-9 Mean Density (Targets /1,ODO m3 )in 1988 11-21 I.  !!!-l Trojan Photography Program - Project Specifications  !!!-3 111 - 2 Analytical Methods - Sal'. Drift  !!!- 15 111 - 3 Monthly Deposition - Selected Chemicals,1988 ,

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!!!-4 Salt Drif t Deposition,1988 111 - 1 8

!!!-5 Total Caposition - Salt Drift, 1974-1988  !!!- 19 111 - 6 Total Bird ensus Data,1988 '  !!!-22 111 - 7 Trojan Bird Species Richness "Ill 24 III-8 Trojan Bird Densities, 1974-1988 -

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l l APPENDICES l

Appendix A Trojan Operating License / Environmental Protection Plan ]

Appendix 8 Columbia River Water Quality

'M Appendix C Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates n,i ~

Appendix D Fish Impingement .- : s a.(4 Appendix E Salt Drif t Precipitation' Appendix F Recreation Lake Fish , ,!

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r SECTION I l

l L GENERAL

l. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

- This annual report, prepared by Portland General Electric Company (PGE),

describes the aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial monitoring program for the

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Trojan Nuclear Plant for the period January through December 1988, f- The individuals responsible for report preparation are listed below.

{u Field Sampling S. C. Bullock

., D. E. Clark S. C. Katkansky .

R. J. Klein T. D. Worrell U

l Chemical Analyses J. E. Bettineski (Oregon Analytical Laboratory) H. L. Boorse

< C. M. Carpenter l

'R. J. Durley S. V. LeMay ,

Primary Authors S. C. Bullock L. M. Carter S. C. Katkansky l- R. J. Klein -

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Data Processing Coordination N. A. Gause

. T. D. Worrell 1- Report Preparation Coordination S. C. Katkansky F Managerial Assistance D. E. Clark

. R. J. Hess D. M. Norton Aerial Photography Photography Plus Umatilla, Oregon I

Imagery Interpretation Oregon State University

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• Department of Geography Corvallis, Oregon Word Processing D. M. Bricker

2. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS This report, Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant Annual Report,1988, PGE 1009-88, contains l

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,Kj the necessary reporting information to meet the technical specification <

requirements for non-radiological monitoring. A separate report, Annual .

Report for the Trojan Nuclear Plant for 1988, PGE 1015-88, will be issued by the Nuclear Safety and Regulation Department to meet remaining ]j technical specification reporting requirements. -J i

3. INTRODUCTION ]

A. General Portland General Electric Company (PGE), Eugene Water and Electric Board, and Pacific Power & Light began site preparation for the Trojan ].-

Nuclear Plant near Prescott, Oregon, in February 1970. Trojan first produced power in December 1975.

PGE retained BEAK Consultants, Inc., in December 1973 to conduct the ecological monitoring program for Trojan. The draft technical c.

specifications defined the basic limits of the program. Later the , (

Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix A, of the Operating License outlined the program. During 1977, several portions of the study were taken over by PGE Environmental Sciences personnel.

Since 1978, PGE staff scientists have been responsible for program management and implementation.

In 1981, an amendment request to Facility Operating License NPF-1 for the Trojan Nuclear Plant was approved by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), resulting in modified Environmental Technical Specifications. Under Appendix B, Part II, of the Operating License, an Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) was developed to comply with .

amended NRC Technical Specifications (Appendix A-1). The EPP was approved by the Oregon Department of Energy in response to state requirements for environmental and effluent monitoring at thermal ' ' '

power plants (OAR 345-26-045, OAR 345-26-060, OAR-26-075). The Trojan Environmental Protection Plan elements are presented in ,

Appendix A-2. l 1

B. Troian and its Environment j The Trojan Plant site is near Prescott, Oregon in Columbia County. It I occupies an area between the Columbia River at River Mile (RM) 72.5 and U.S. Highway 30. The economy of the area upstream of Trojan has ".

7 traditionally been oriented toward the wood product industries, agriculture, manuf acturing, commerce, and trade, resulting in 'f numerous upstream sources of chemical discharges: pulp and paper mills, aluminum plants, chemical and fertilizer manufacturers, woolen ic q' mills, exotic metals producers, lumber and wood products plants, agricultural runoff, and the secondary treated sewage of over a million people. The constituents of their discharges may be similar to those monitored at Trojan, making evaluation difficult.

In the immediate area of Trojan are pulp and paper mills, a ch.emical manufacturing plant, and a wood products mill. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, and sulfur are enriched in the local aerial environment. Some of these airborne chemicals are deposited by precipitation and can be carried into the watercourse of the Columbia .!

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I Both the plant and the nearby town of Prescott are located on a rocky ridge (el. 75 feet MSL) approximately 800 feet wide and a mile long, i

}: running parallel to the Columbia River. The Trojan Cooling Tower is on a rice at 90 feet MSL As late as 1900, this ridge was separated

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from the Oregon shore by a navigable channel. That old channel is now 1 g

a marshy area with an elevation of 3 to 17 feet MSL. j i .

C* Along the western edge of the marshy area are Neer Creek and Carr Slough. At the northern edge is a shallow, natural lake drained by Carr l C, Slough. As part of site preparation, the southern end of the marshland {

[ was excavated to provide a recreational lake and, west of the plant, a reflecting pool. Water levels in these two ponds can be equalized by a weir alongside the access road. Neer Creek, flowing off the steep hillside to the west and along the western edge of the old river channel, has been redirected into the recreations! lake. Its flow ranges from 30 cfs during winter to less than I cfs during summer droughts. The

' overflow from the two ponds is directed into Carr Slough through lower

• Neer Creek and into the Columbia north of Trojan.

At the Trojan site (RM 72.5), the Columbia River average annual flow is 230,000 cfs with an average velocity of 1.8 fps. Maximum flows usually occur in May, June, and July when snow melts in the high Cascades and Canadian Rocky Mountain headwater areas. These flows f range between 450,000 cfs and 700,000 cfs, with an average current i velocity of 2 to-3 fps. In the winter months, November through March, when rainfall is prevalent west of the Cascades, the average flow is, i7 150,000 to 300,000 cfs with an average current velocity of 1.0 to l.5 fps. A low-flow period occurs in the late summer and fall, with flows of 120,000 to 170,000 cfs and velocities of 1.0 to 1.5 fps. Stated velocities are averaged across the river and over a tidal cycle.' Ebb

! tide velocities are 20 to 30 percent greater. Velocities near shore may l: be 40 oercent less than velocities at midehannel. The level.of the Columbia River near Trojan is influenced by tides. During low river i flows and strong tides, flow reversal occurs; however, salt water is not

!- present.

r Upstream releases from a series of storage reservoirs behind Bonneville Dam and water from tributaries below Bonneville control the flow of V' the Columbia at the Trojan site. The minimum flow is established at 110,000 to 120,000 cfs. The largest tributary below Bonneville Dam, the Willamette River, contributes as much as 20 percent to the river e flow at Trojan, but during drought conditions in January 1978, the Willamette contributed over 50 percent of the flow. In addition, flows

~ may be further altered in the Columbia River by releases of water u from upstream reservoirs during the spring and summer migration

' period to aid downstream movement of ocean-bound juvenile salmonids.

Figure I-1 !!!ustrates the circulation of waters within Trojan, which was carefully designed to assure dilution of increased concentrations of minerals found in the Columbia River from the evaporation process of

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( DISCH ARGE PlPE STRUCTURE AND DIFFil5ER rr ep Figure 1-1. Water Circulation System at the Trojan Nuclear Plant.

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Use of the cooling tower reduces the maximum heat input to the river to 0.39 percent of what it would be with once-through cooling (AEC 3 ..

1973). The blowdown water is from the natural draft cooling tower and 2 m has a concentration of total dissolved solids 5 to 10 times that of the

. , river water. The blowdown water is diluted at the power plant before it is discharged into the Columbia River through a 36-inch-diameter pp 7 diffuser pipe approximately 40 feet below the river surface and l" .175 feet from shor:. The mixing zone is that area within 300 feet of the diffuser, excluc'.ng the portion within 1 foot of the surface of the rivdr. Total intake of river water by Trojan during normal operations is

[,[, 20,000 gpm (45 cfs).

g, Figure 1-2 illustrates Trojan net electric generation for 1988. Trojan

~'4 remained in operation in 1988 except for the annual refueling / plant

.'- maintenance outage between m!d April and mid July. There were outages in J anuary, September, and November.

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C. Troian Ecological Monitorino Program

' - Based on data from 1974 through 1980 and State of Oregon regulatory

,- requirements, changes were made to the ecological monitoring i

program. The revised Trojan Environmental Protection Plan, adopted in 1981, provides the basis for aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial monitoring programs. The following outline summarizes the current r Trojan Ecological Monitoring Program elements.

Trolan Ecological Monitorina Program -

Aquatic Physical and Chemical - Columbia River ,

Measurement: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, Secchi disc transparency, and t+ chlorophyll. Vertical profiles of temperature,

.L dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity I

e Location: RM 72.0, Stations B, C RM 72.4, Stations B, C h". RM 73.7, Stations B, C

,; . Frequency: Monthly, J une-October Fish Behavior l

Measurement: Fish congregation near diffuser and intake area, relative abundance Location: Transects between RM 72.0 and 72.7 Frequency: At least four times per year l

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l., Fish Impingement Measurement: Species, abundance Location: Traveling screens on plant intake structure

, Frequency: Weekly

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l'* - s Fish - Recreation I.ake Measurement: Species, abundance

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Location: Recreation take

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Frequency: Twice per year

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Benthic invertebrates - Recreation Lake

", Measurement: Taxa composition, abundance Location: Recreation lake 1

Frequency: Six-week intervals Terrestrial Aerial Procram .

Measurement: Vegetation composition and pigmentation, color and color in'frared photography.

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1 j. Location: Flight distance of 17 miles. Four segments all P- focusing on the power plant complex.

Frequency: Seasonal (four flights per year) '

Salt Drift L Measurement: pH, calciu.m, magnesium, potassium, sodium, a chloride, sulfate, silica, alkalinity, volume j[  ; Location: Trojan and vicinity (8 stations) s Frequency: Monthly, J anuary-December

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_ ' q ,. , Measurement: . Species, abundance

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Location: Trojan area - forest, marsh, open habitats f. ;'

l Frequency: May r a

, Inciden%i Observations .  : F;.;

Measurement: Unusual occurrences ~

Location: Trojan area Frequency: Weekly - - y.

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4.

SUMMARY

Results of ecological studies at the Trojan Nuclear Plant in 1988 are l I

7! summarized below.

l, A. Columbia River r4 l iA

1) Physical-Chemical

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Water quality sampling in the Columbia River'for11988 occurred during the lower-flow, higher-temperature months as described in

[. the revised Trojan Environmental Protection Plan.

Physical-chemical data and chlorophyll pigment concentrations t reflect slight seasonal and cross-river differences similar to thDse

{ noted in previous years. These differences respond to regional climatology and upstream influences.

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Operation of the Trojan Power Plant did not measurably affect

- levels of physical-chemical parameters or chlorophyll pigments in the Columbia River in the summer and early fall of 1988.

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2) Fish Impingement .

A total of 68 fish were impinged during 1988, with the Columbia l River smelt (eulachon) being the dominant species (35 fish). This

! ~ represented 51 percent of the total impingement. Other species and numbers collected were: 13 American shad, I dace,1 mottled sculpin, I goldfish, I unidentified salmonid,2 large scale suckers,6 r prickly sculpin, 5 steelhead smolts, I sand roller, I starry flounder, and 1 )ellow perch. Nine crayfish were impinged with eight live specimens being returned to the river. _

The Trojan Intake System continues to si.ow little potential for impact on the Columbia River fishes.

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3) Fish Behavior Hydroacoustic data indicated no apparent concentration of fish near the diffuser during the 1988 surveys. Total densities of targets were ccmparable to those of previous years' surveys, ranging from 0.03/1,000m3 ot 6.06/1,000m3. Washington shore I

densities were generally greater than those at mid-channel or

{ Oregon shore. Comparisons of fish densities during different tidal conditions showed no patterns. Results indicated no attraction to r- or avoidance of the mixing zone by anadromous or resident fishes.

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B. Terrestrial Surroundings

l) Aerial Photography .

Aerial photography has been carried out near Trojan since 1974. J April imagery indicated dormancy and late leaf development on some deciduous species. July imagery indicated minor moisture '?

strecs at specific sites. October imagery revealed widespread -}:

moisture stress in pastures, riparian areas, and regenerating conifer plantings on south slopes. Natural water courses showed ,

reduced water levels or were dry. .

w Natural water deficiency, logging operations, herbicide applications, and other anthropogenic effects explain observed vegetation stress conditions. Vegetation stress conditions are {]

d generally widespread and there does not appear to be any pattern which would relate to Trojan operations. e . ,-

Salt Drift - Precipitation Chemical Composition l'd

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2)

Major lons present in the cooling tower plume were measured as wet and dry precipitation at selected collection sites surrounding a the Trojan Plant. Total precipitation deposition at each site was i similar to deposition measured from 1974 through 1983. There was . .q a greater relative proportion of chloride and less relative sulfate i in 1988 comparison to previou's' years. This cannot be attributed to operation of Trojan. Regional wet and dry precipitation for 1988- ,

had an average measured pH of 5.2. These pH values were not j associated with the operation of Trojan. a 9

Operation of Trojan Nuclear Plant did not measurably impact _the quantity or quality of precipitation in the local environment "]j except at the base of the cooling tower.

3) Birds -

The bird population in the vicinity of the Trojan Nuclear Plant was censused in May and J une 1988. Fi'ty-four species were recorded, N with densities and community composition remaining similar to 3h that of previous census years 1974-87. These data indicate a stable bird assemblage in the Trojan region, with only minor 7 year-to-year variation.

ua No bird mortalities or unusual species were observed during weekly general project site surveys. Deleterious impacts on the local bird p community are not evident from the operation of the Trojan S '

Nuclear Plant.

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- 4) Incidental Observations h

, Weekly project site ground surveys were conducted during

. I, regularly scheduled field activities to document the occurrence of 4

various unusual species or important events that could result in significant environmental impact. No unusual species were noted during these incidental observation surveys.

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C. Recreation Lake .

1) Fish Comparison of the 1974-1985 catch data indicates the occurrence

[, of a naturally fluctuating total fish population in the recreadon

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lake. Catches in 1986,1987, and 1988 indicates a higher.

proportion of species desirable for a recreational fishery. This

. succession of dominant fishes in a pond such as a recreation lake is a natural ecological process and not a result of plant operation.

- Control of the carp population may be necessary if more desirable species are to flourish.

2) Benthic Invertebrates ,

- Similar to past years, three taxa (!e, Cullcidae, Chironomidae, and Oligochaeta) were the primary constituents of the recreation lake

' benthic fauna in 1988. Because of a decrease in the Cullcidae population, total densities of invertebrates in 1987 and 1988 were lower than those of previous years. Total densities were again consistently greater at Station 2 than at Station 1. No plant

. operation-related changes in-the invertebrate population were noted in 1988. .

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i. 5. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION REPORTS ,

A. Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) Noncomollances -,,.

7 No EPP noncompliance were observed or reported during 1988. 'j Consequently, no corrective action was necessary.

B. Chanaes in Station Desion or Operation [.g1 No changes in station de-ign or operation occurred which significantly affected the EPP. Consequently, there were no potentially significant unreviewed environmental issues.

g ..,

C. Nonroutine Reports c.-

g Nine nontoutine reports were submitted to the NRC in accordance with N Subsection 5.4.2 of the Trojan Operating License, Appendix B, Part !!. i These reports are copies of Trojan's NPDES reports filed with the g Oregon Department of Environmental Qualli.y by the Manager of n Environmental Sciences. These reports were sent to the administrator, Region V, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the NRC rd Document Control Desk in Washington, DC, and the NRC resident e" "{

inspector at Trojan. The submitted reports include:

!) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent BOD limile were exceeded ' ]

'during March. Details are as follows:

Concentration - Loading - lbs yf ppm - Sample Sample hj-

~

Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit)

March 16 BOD ---

8.8 (6.3) - 3 OJ March 30 BOD 30.2 (30) 10.6 (6.3)

Monthly BOD ---

5.6 (4.2) .p Average L.

2) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent suspended solids (SS) and BOD limits were exceeded during April. Details are as follows:  ;]g Concentration - Loading - Ibs . _

ppm - Sample Sample p{

Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit) d April 6 BOD ---

9.7 (6.3) fN n

April 20 SS ---

8.5 (6.3)  %

BOD 33.8 (30) 12.1 (6.3)

April 27 SS ---

10.3 (6.3) LJ BOD 45.3 (30) 17.7 (6.3)

Monthly SS ---

6.6 (4.2) ,]

^~

Average BOD 32.4 (20) 11.5 (4.2)

I l-13 .

L - _ - ___---.. _ ___________ _ --_- _

~

- :7- - - z. , , , ,

.[

3) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent suspended solids (SS) and BOD limits were exceeded during May. Details are as follows:

ii Concentration - Loading - Ibs

[ ppm - Sample Sample ,

Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit)  !

<: -4 , .

'^

j' May 4 SS ---

10.2 (6.3) <

BOD "'51.6 (30) 17.6 (6.3)

May11 SS 36.0 (30) 12.9 (6.3) '

[

BOD 46.1 (30) 16.5 (6.3)

'ay 18 SS 48.5 (30) 18.6 (6.3) n BOD 50.9 (30) 19.5 (6.3)

,, May 25 SS 69.8 (30) 29.1 (6.3) l- BOD M4,98.2 (30) . 40.9 (6.3) i 1

Monthly SS 46.1 (20) 17.7 (4.2)

', Average BOD 61.7 (20) 23.6 (4.2)

4) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent suspended solids (SS), BOD i and average monthly flow limits were exceeded during June.  !

l ' Details are as follows:

Concentration - Loading - Ibs -

ppm - Sample Sample Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit)

J une 1 SS 78.0 (30) 23.4 (6.3) _

l. BOD 62.0 (30) 18.6 (6.3)

J une 8 SS 52.0 (30) 17.3 (6.3)

BOD 50.0 (30) 16.7 (6.3)

J une 15 SS 51.0 (30) 11.5 (6.3)

L BOD 60.0 (30) 13.5 (6.3)

June 21 SS 116.0 (30) 36.7 (6.3)

(_ , BOD 100.0 (30) 31.7 (6.3) k June 22 SS 85.0 (30) 17.7 (6.3) 800 72.0 (30) 15.0 (6.3)

. June 29 55 120.0 (30) 37.0 (6.3)

BOD 103.0 (30) 31.7 (6.3)

~

l. ; Monthly SS 83.7 (20) 23.9 (4.2)

{

Average BOD 74.5 (20) 21.2 (4.2) 1 Average Flow - 0.0338 gallons / day (limit is 0.025 gallons / day) 1-14 b

.a

5) The Sewage Treatment Plant Suspended Solids (SS) and BOD limits were exceeded on during J uly. Details are as follows:

Concentration - Loading - lbs 'f ppm - Sample Sample J Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit) t" ., f y

July 1 SS 60.1 (30) 15.5 (6.3) g' July 2 SS 66.5 (30) 17.2 (6.3)

J uly 3 SS 61.3 (30) 10.2 (6.3) F J uly 6 SS 50.9 (30) 12.7 (6.3)

BOD 33.7 (30) 8.4 (6.3)

Monthly SS 37.6 (20) 8.3 (4.2) [

Average BOD 2C 0 (20) 4.7 (4.2) .-

4

6) A required sample for monitoring the oily water separator effluent was inadvertently missed during August.

7) The fecal coliform limit for the effluent of the Sewage Treatment '

Plant was exceeded on September 2,1988. Greater than 1600/100 mis was discharged (limit is 400/100 mis). The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent suspended solids (SS) and . BOD limits ,

were exceeded during September. Details as follows:

t Concentration - Loading - Ibs -

ppm - Sample Sample l Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit) ,

I September 2 SS 123.0 (30) 19.5 (6.3) l BOD 237.0 (30) 37.5 (6.3)

September 3 SS 64.3 (30) 6.4 (6.3)

Monthly SS 34.6 (20) 4.9 (4.2) i Average BOD 59.0 (20) 9.6 (4.2) b

8) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent BOD limits were exceeded u.,

during November. Details as follows:

Concentration - Loading - lbs ppm - Sample Sample Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit) ,,

November 2 BO.D 32.2 (30) ---

l l November 30 BOD ---

6.5 (6.3) _

l Monthly BOD ---

4.5 (4.2)

Average

-~

l

\

I-15 l

l

Is l {l* '

l 9) The Sewage Treatment Plant effluent BOD limits were exceeded during December. Details as follows:

i L~ Loading - lbs Concentration -

'{' ppm - Sample Sample Date Parameter Value (Limit) Value (Limit) i i December 7 BOD 32.1 (30) 6.4 (6.3)

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([5 Section II i

t- Columbia. River Aquatic Program

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1

.1 SECTION 11

i.

I. COLUMBIA RIVER AQUATIC PROGRAM

[

1. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL The 1988 Columbia River water quality monitoring program documents the )

physical and chemical of character specific parameters in the Columbia River J t near Prescott, Oregon. The goal of this monitoring program is to assure that operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant does not adversely change water quality in

the river during the naturally-critical, summer months.

i' This section satisfies requirements of OAR 345-26-060(3) and part of (6), as amended by the Energy Facility Siting Council in 1984.

lJ

• Methods

. Columbia River surface water was sampled once per month from J une through

( October during 1988 and analyzed for dissolved oxygen, conductivity, temperature, pH, total alkalinity, Secchi disc transparency, and concentrations of chlorophyll pigments.

I Surface water quality and chlorophyll samples were collected from a depth of I meter using a 4.1-1 Van Dern (PVC) sampler. Vertical profiles for dissolved -

i oxygen, temperature, pH, and conductivity were determined using a Hydrolab f2 Surveyor Model 60 (Hydrolab Corporation, Austin, Texas).

- Samples were collected at two stations on established transects at RM 72.Q,

!, 72.4, and 73.7 (Figure 11-1). Transects 72.0 and 72.4 are downriver from and adjacent to the plant discharge, respectively. Transect 73.7 is upriver from the I plant.

,L Dissolved Oxygen was measured with the Hydrolab polarographic probe, which was calibrated before each use by comparison to a Winkler titration i

(APHA 1976).

Temperature was measured w'ith a thermistor probe rnounted on the Hydrolab

~

surveyor. It was calibrated before each use by comparicon to a mercury

[.

thermometer with graduations of 0.1'C.

to Conductivity (expressed as umhos/cm) was measured with the Hydrolab surveyor

b (four-electrode technique).

pH was measured with the Hydrolab surveyor.

I 1

l Total Alkalinity was measured at the Oregon Analytical Lab using l- potentiometric titration. The results were expressed in mg/L as CACO3 (APHA 1976). Concentrations below 0.5 mg/L were not detectable.

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$ 1 Figure 11-1. Field sampling stations on the Columbia River for monitoring I i

physical and chemical parameters.

11 - 2 i i

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T f .eqe. L L ,

t

] .

F Chlorophyll Plaments Samples for measurement of chlorophyll pigments were prepared on the same day as collected by filtration through a

, *i . 0.45-micron-pore-size membrane filter for acetone extraction (APHA 1976; O Strickland and Parsons 1968). Prepared filters were kept frozen until analyzed at the Oregon Analytical Lab.

,s i' .Secchi Dise depth measurements were made using a 20-cm-diameter Secchi disc.

L j

' Results ff. Results of all chemical analyses are given in Appendix B.

7.y Water Temperature Water temperatures are measured because the DEQ limits .

h.1 additions of heat to the river to protect fish and aquatic life. In the Columbia

'd River, no river temperature increases due to discharges are allowed outside a mixing zone when stream temperatures are 20*C (68'F) and no more than 1*C (0.5'F) when water temperatures are less than 20*C. RM 73.7 is the upstream station serves as the reference for RM 72.4 the mixing zone, and RM 72.0 Q@ downstream. Figure 11-2 present;s the summer and fall surface (1 meter) .

o temperatures in the Columbia River (average of cross channel data) near PrescotL i P Because of lower flows and higher temperatures during these periods, biological U 1mpacts due to changes in water quality may be more sensitive at this time.

Co'umbia River Temperature-1988 .

l., o.or... c.i.iu.

25 - -

)

20  :. y j'

.L 16 -

ii f cI -

f'"

h. ,

5 0

h-- f June E RM 73.7 E

July R MR 72.4 Augu.t E RM 72.0 September Mean 1974-82 h October n; .

L Figure 11-2

b. Data on Table 11-1 compares surface water temperatures along the Oregon side of h the river from 1974 through 1983 with !?86 through 1988. Seasonalinfluence on water temperature is apparent, as is the lack of any upstream-downstream i.

differences. The river usually varied a few tenths of a degree with depth

~ (Appendix B). Station B at RM 72.4 is over the diffuser pipes and is in the mixing zone for plant discharges. Little, if any, temperature differences or. curred at this station.

(

'11 - 3

l 1

Table 11- 1. Meu [(A+B)/2] monthly surface water temperature ('C) for Stations A ,

and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 i through 1983,1986, to 1988. 1 i

WATER TEMPERATURE -

(Degrees Celsius) j

. .)

1974-1983 . li Month and 10-yr Std 1988 Change From Rlver Mile Mean Dev 1986 1987 1988 10-Yr Mean

, ',} .

. une 15 M 73.7 14.9 1.2 - 19.5 16.5 +1.6 l 72.4 14.8 1.2 -

19.5 16.5 +1.7 n 72.0 14.9 1.2 - 19.5 16.5 + 1.6 "c. -

July 29 73.7 18.1 1.3 19.5 20.2 21.0 +2.9

,f fc/

?!:s  !":i i:1  !?:i 18:1  !!:8  :!:;

TM August 31  ;;1 73.7 20.7 0.8 22.1 20.5 21.0 +0.3 72.4 20.7 0.9 22.5 20 5 21.0 +0.3 ,,

72.0 20.7 0.9 22.5 20 5 21.0 +0.3

]

September 19 73.7 19.i 1.0 16.4 18.0 18 4 -0.7 ". J 72.6 19.1 1.0 16.4 18.0 18.5 -0.6 fj 72.0 19.1 1.0 16.5 18.0 18.5 -0.6 i

.)

October 19 J 73.7 16.I 2.3 14.2 14.5 16.4 +0.3 'd 72.4 16.0 2.1 14.2 14.5 16.5 +0.5  :

72.0 15.9 2.1 14.2 14.5 16.5 +0.6 M;

November i- 73.7 11.2 2.1 10.0 - - -

q 72.4 11.4 2.1 10.0 - - -

,, ;f 72.0 11.4 2.I 10.0 - - -

B]

- Samples not required. ,. .

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4 l;

11 - 4 i

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. =, _,, -, _-

p

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a

• j.

Weather in the summer and fall of 1988 was warm. Water temperatures were higher longer in J uly and August than in previous years. Precipitation was also

• b low in August and Octoter (Table 111-3). These natural influences dominated the

y water temperatures. .

7 Samples taken through time and upstream-downstream indicate minimal, if any, temperature changes on surface waters of the Columbia by discharges of l[' warmed water from the Trojan Plant.  % .

Conductivity is measured to show the total concentration of dissolved loril[ f T

ijk matter in the water. As such, it is related to total dissolved solids which are '

' limited in discharges to the Columbia (DEQ limit 500 mg/L). Waters with high p productivity are usually more fertile and able to suppett more aquatic life for W. both plants and animals. Conductivity increases with temperature or additional R, discharges of ionic chemicals. Figure 11-3 and Table 11-2 present surface conductivity (umhos/cm) in the Columbia River near Prescott. Similar to T previous years, conductivity was sometimes higher on the Washington side of the Ji. Columbia (Appendix B). Conductivity also changed with time. June flows are derived from spring snow melt which has lower conductivity than later stream  ;

flows. It is normal for conductivity to increase from June through the fall rainy h, , . period.

L:

No measurable changes to the Columbia River conductivity occurred which could be attributed to the operation of Trojan.

['

(.

t. '

Qolumbia River . l 7: Conductivity-198 - l

(.

UMHOS/CM 160 140 ,

120 r -

j -

j[ ~- -

' p': ; goo . .~

l:.

( .- .

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)

)[ ji -- -

j[ -

, o' June July August. September October

{; ED nu 7a.7 CJ nu 72.4 EZZ3 au 72.o EZE u.an is74-es L

Figure 11-3 l

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11 - 5

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L.

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& 4 Table 11-2. Mean ((A+B)/2] monthly surface water conductivity (umhos/cm) for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B from 1980 to 1983,1986 to 1988.

. i CONDUCTIVITY . 'i (pmhos/cm) 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1988 Change From '

River Mile Mean Dev 1986 1987 1988 10-Yr Mean ,.,

June 15 62 73.7 27 10 -

140 100 -27 72.4 1% 9 -

140 110 -23  :

72.0 135 12 -

145 105 -30 el L

July 29 73.7 119 17 118 150 122 +3 f 72.4 125 15 120 150 122 -3 h]

72.0 123 15 118 150 122 -1 August 31 73.7 135 15 160 160 144 +9 72.4 137 17 170 160 140 +3 ~

72.0 137 16 165 155 135 -2 September 19 -

73.7 144 16 153 160 135 -9 ,. a 72.4 148 18 155 160 139 -9 di 72.0 146 15 155, 160 139 -7 o October 19 .

73.7 143 16 180 160 145 +2 0 72.4 148 14 180 170 145 -3 72.0 145 19 180 170 150 +5 g 0:

November 73.7 132 27 110 c 72.4 136 23 145 - - -

p+

72.0 137 23 145 - - -

G Y

- Samples not requirer'.. m c

Y

.4 c

11-6

r  !!

. (a : .

l p

1i Dissolved OxYaen Dissolved oxygen is used by fish and other aquatic organisms

-' to " breathe". Oxygen is added to the water by photosynthesis from aquatic

u plants, wind-mining and diffusion. Dissolved oxygen concentrations below 5.0 f' mg/L or 90% saturation are stressful to many aquatic animals. Figures !!-4 and .

L , 11-5 represent surface dissolved oxygen (mg/L O2) and percent oxygen saturation. Since dissolved oxygen concentrations were consistently greater f than 8.0 mg/L, no adverse impacts on biota would be expected.

L:

Tables !!-3 And 11-4,show data on dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent ,

, vaturation'from 1974 through 1983 compared to 1986 through 1988 along the I. Oregon side of the river. Small standard deviations indicate little variation I among years. Small differences among the means for each transect illustrate the stability of oxygen concentration with downstream flow.

~

l Operation of Trojan does not appear to have an adverse Impact on oxygen concentrations in the Columbia River.

p

,l pli pH mecsures the presence of acids or bases in the water. Changes in'pH in natural waters occur from biological activity (photosynthesis, respiration or decomposition) and by the presence of minerals. Figure 11-6 presents pH data i for 1988. Table 11-5 gives data on mean pH sampling values along the Oregon 1 side of the river from 1974 through 1983 compared to 1986 through 1988. While some variations in pH values among the years do occur, standard deviations and i the differences between upstream and downstream data are small.

The operatio'n of Trojan does not impact pH values of the Columbia River nearby.

j Alkalinity (mg/L as CACO 3) represents the buffering capacity of a water body 4 or its ability to neutralize acidity. The waters from the Willamette River along the Oregon shore usually have slightly lower alkalinity and pH than those from the upper Columbia Rivm along the Washington side. .

Table 11-6 presents inean alkalinity data for 1974 through 1983 compared to 1986 through 1988 along the Oregon side of the Columbia. Figure 11-7 presents the total alkalinity values for 1988. In 1988, some data for alkalinity were more

( than one standard deviation from the 1979-1983 means. These deviations occur at all sites, above and below Trojan, thus they are not related to plant operation.

I

(

Because upstream-downstream data are similar, operation of Trojan does not appear to impact the alkalinity values in the Columbia nearby. Natural runoff or upstream releases from water storage projects are the major impacts to alkalinity in the Columbia River.

Secchi Disc Transparency A secchi disc measures the ability of light to

[ penetrate the water to a depth at which a weighted white disc can no longer be L. seen. Higher secchi disc values show better transparency and thus less turbidity due to natural algae and silts. Because conditions were similar upstream and downstream from the Trojan Plant, no adverse impacts due to plant operation

[ are indicated. Figure 11-8 presents 1988 Secchi disc data.

( l t

k 11 - 7

(-

~

L Columbia River q' Dissolved Oxygen-1988 Milligrams per liter 'T 6 -- -

.;.g 4 _

. . - . . . . . . . . . .. .. M

, y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .- .. .

_ June July August September October .

E RM 73.7 - I' ^1 RM 72.4 E RM'72.0 E Mean 1974-82

Figure,11-4 l

~

q Co umbia River ~

Dissolved Oxygen-1988 .I Percent Saturation June July Auguet September October , ,,

E RM 73.7 E RM 72.4 E RM 72.0 E Mean 1974-82

• Figure 11-5 .;

11- 8 _.

,..s,..- .,

M:.

b5 1%

, k' .

Table !!-3. Mean [(A+B)/2) monthly surface dissolved oxygen (mg/L) for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B from 1980

U

{, through 1983,1986 to 1988.

~

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/L) 1974-1983

.~ Month and 10-yr Std 1988 Change From

.[, River Mlle Mean Dev 1986 1987 1988 10-Yr Mean J une 15 I.L 73.7 11.0 0.8 - 9.8 10.6 -0.4 I- 72.4 10.8 0.8 -

9.8 10.4 -0.4 72.0 10.9 1.0 - 9.2 11.2 +0.3 f

(; J uly 29 L 73.7 9.4 0.9 8.4 8.9 9.3 -0.1

,- 72.4 9.6 0.9 8.5 9.I 9.3 -0.3

~. 72.0 9.5 0.9 8.4 9.3 9.3 -0.2 August 31 i 73.7 8.5 0.4 7.7 8.5 9.6 +1.1 j 72.4 8.6 0.4 .7.8 8.6 9.6 +1.0 72.0 8.6 0.4 7.9 8.8 9.4 ,

+0.8 September 19 t

73.7 8.5 0.4 8.6 9.4 9.5 +1.0 72.4 8.5 0.5 8.6 9.4 9.2 +0.7 72.0 8.5 0.6 8.7 9.2 9.4 -

+0.S' October 19 73.7 9.1 0.5 10.0 9.6 10.0 +0.9 i 72.4 9.2 0.7 9.9 10.2 9.9 +0.7 4 72.0 9.1 0.8 9.9 10.1 9.4 +0.3 e November 73.7 10.0 1.3 10.0 - - -

72.4 10.I 1.2 9.0 - - -

72.0 10.1 1.1 7.5 - - -

L

, - Samples not required.

(:_

l

[

L' 1

l {

l L

11 - 3

(

l c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ __

,.__m_ 7, . _ . _

, . . m. . - - - . . _

• m

,;) -

.p Table 11-4.' Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly dissolved oxygen (% saturation) for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and '

- Station B from 1980 through 1983,1986 to 1988.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN L (percent)- -.

1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1988 Change From River Mile M Qey_ 1986 1987 1988 IO-Yr Mean {l Ca J une 73.7 109 7 - 106 109 0 ..

72.4 107 9 -

h 107 0 f.iq 72.0. 107 10 - 100 115 +8 4 July 'n 73.7 99 7 91 96 ' 103 +4 ii 72.4 102 8 92 98 103 +1 72.0 100 8 91 103 103 +3 ...,

ni 3:

v-August 73.7 94 4 87 94 106 +12 72.4 95 4 89 95 106 +11 R 72.0 95 5 90 - - 97 104 +9 c September 3;:

73.7 91 4 86 98 100 +9 1 98 97 +5 o<

72.4 92 5 86 72.0 92 6 89 96 100 +8

• 4j October (d 73.7 92 4 96 94 100 +8 72.4 92 6 95 100 102 +10 . <, e 72.0 92 6 95 99 96 +4 9) u, November 73.7 92 8 88 - - - F.i 72.4 92 9 79 - - -

d 72.0 93 9 66 - - -

t:n

'M C'k

- Sample not required. g tcu 6

.m E, ~.

4. ,

11-10 .

. ~ - -

. 1 y.

.} Columbia River i pH - 1988

( ~. .

!+ Standard Units 8 -

' w e ,, ,a .4 -: .

g .. .. .

("- '

4 .

l ,..

(; g . . . . .

June July August September October

, E RM 73.7 I -I RM 72.4 E RM 72.0 E Mean 1974-82 Figure 11-6

\

L Co umbia River Total Alkalinity-1988 .

b. Milligrams per liter (CACO 3) i _

g

0 - -

{--l June July August September October

{ E RM 73.7 l' - 1 RM 72.4 E RM 72.0 E Mean 1974-82 l (f

Figure 11-7 r

I' 11 - 1 1 I

,_ - , , , . .n. . . .. ~ -

m FM Table 11-5. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly pH (standard pH units) for Stations A and B lu the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through 1983,1986 lb to 1988.

pH 1974-1983_ }g Month and 10-yr Std -

1988 Change From c.

River Mlle Mean - FMv 1986 1987 1988 10-vr Mean r

J une l:

73.7 8.0 0.4 -

, 7.3 7.7 -0.3 72.4 8.0 0.4 -

7.4 7.6 -0.4 72.0 7.9 0.3 7.8 7.5 -0.4  ?

,,]a L

J uly 73.7' . 7.8 0.2 7.4 7.9 7.9 +0.1 .

72.4 7.9 0.2 7.5 7.2 8.2 +0.3 '"*

72.0 7.8 0.2 7.5 7.4 7.8 0.0 August .-k 73.7 7.8 0.2 7.9 8.0 7.7 -0.1 .

72.4 7.8 0.2 7.9 8.1 7.7 .-0.I 72.0 7.8 0.2 7.9 7.7 7.7 -0.1 1

.I September 73.7 7.8 0.3 7.9 7.8 7.8 O.0 ..

72.4 7.8 0.3 7.8 7.8 7.7 -0.1 .{

72.0 7.9 0.2 7.8 7.9 7.7 -0.2 - -

October ,

73.7 7.8 0.2 8.1 7.6 7.7 -0.1 ,'

72.4 7.8 0.2 8.1 7.6 7.7 - 0.1 .

.72.0 7.7 0.3 8.0 7.6 7.7 0.0  :-

November 73.7 7.8 0.3 7.7 - - -

72.4 7.7 0.2 7.8 -

jy 72.0 7.7 0.2 7.6 - -

c.

L[ .

- Sample not required.

Y: 1 Sd

& sal e

II- 12 4W

^

k

(?' ,

1

(

• I '

Table 11-6, Mean (A+B/2) monthly total alkalinity (mg/L as CACO3) for Stations A and 8 in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through

'5

. 1983,1986 to 1988.

I TOTAL ALKALINITY F (mg/L: CACO3)

( ,

' ,1974-1983 m .,

Month and 10-yr Std 1988 Change From

', River Mile Mean Dev 1986 1987 1988 10-Yr Mean b

J une

[ 73.7 44 4 -

52 39 -5 t- 72.4 46 4 - 51 40 -6  !

72.0 46 3 -

51 40 -6 7

J uly ,

b- 73.7 44 4 54 54 48 +4 1 72.4 44 4 54 54 49 +5

! 72.0 44 4 53 55 48 +4

(

August j 73.7 50 4 56 57 49 -1 r

72.4 50 4 57 58 51 +1  !

.I $0 4 57 57 53 +3 72.0 I' '

September C 73.7 51 2 53 59 53 +2

• 72.4 52 4 53 61 54 +2

- 72.0 52 4 53 61 54 - +2 0'

October 73.7 53 5 61 55 54 +1 72.4 55 4 63 59 55 0

,Ik.:

72.0 54 3 61 60 55 +1 f4 November ky) 73.7 46 10 37 - - -

72.4 49 8 49 - - -

- 72.0 49 8 44 - - -

1 gg ,

- Sample not required.

l r 1 t

i

(

11 - 1 3 1

~ - -_ ___-_ -_. ._ _-_____________ _ _ _ ___ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ -

. f,

..'4

.{

.1 Columbia River Secchi Disc-198

~

)

i

,,e. gum.t.r. .

U

liij ".j

[T 16o .)h --

i! . . . . . - .

lI  :

Soo -.

g ..

[ . .: - d..

60 - . . . . . . .

June July August September October -

.]

e nu 73.7 c:a nu 72.( ma nu 72.o a s u..n 3 74-.a y Figure 11-8 -

Water Quantity Columbia River discharge rates appear to be controlled by. ,

j snow melting upstream of the confluence with the Willamette River and by d storage water releases from upstream reservolts. The flow of the Willhmette River appears to be controlled by annual precipitation and upstream storage water releases (Highsmith 1968). Figure 11-9 and Table 11-7 present data on  ;

mean discharges of the Columbia River at Vancouver and the Willamette River v.

at its mouth (USGS 1984), and the contribution of the Willamette River to total flow in the Columbia River. Flcw amounts are given in Appendix B. e During 1987, the USGS changed the stations for recording river floivs. The nearast upstream station above Trojan on each river are the Dalles on the Columbia and Salem on the Willamette. The data thus underestimates the f,j actual flow at Trojan because not all tributaries are accounted for in the USGS fil data. Table !!-7 shows that only J anuary, March, and November had flows above the 10-year mean. Figure 111-3 gives precipitation for 1988. The yearly [d,e wet precipitation was lower than normal. This relates to lower flows in the "

rivers. Table B-9 (Appendix B) notes that the fall of 1988 had some of the lowest flows in the Columbia since 1926 when records were initiated. g .,

Variations in flow amounts and origins are primary factors in regulating b concentrations of the various chemicals, as well as densities and species of biota in the Columbia River near Trojan. ,~7 3.'

11 - 1 4

.e GiC l s n

f(

(! 5

+- Columbia and Willamette -Rivers I Mean Monthly Discharges-1988 CFS X 10,000 40

(

(

30 -

. . . gn R N J ,,

1

/

l?

l. ,

O

' ' ' ' ~ ' ~~

t'~ Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Col.

• The Dalles Will

• Salem -*- % Willamette .

Figure 11-9 0-e .

t

(

.E Chlorophyll Pigments Chlorophyll a is present in all plants and algae that I.

L- produce oxygen by photosynthesis, it is the pigment in plants that produces carbohydrates from water, minerals, and carbon dioxide. Thus it is a major

. (, chemical responsible for biological life.With the inception of the Trojan Environmental Plan in June 1981, chlorophyll pigments have been the only r, ~

parameters measured to assess biological productivity along the river course near Trojan. Table 11-8 gives the mean monthly chlorophyll a concentrations V from 1974-198') compared to 1986 through 1988.

(.

Only small differences occur among stations in any one month (Figure 11-10).

Thus, mean concentrations of chlorophyll a indicate that operation of Trojan did

[ not adversely impact primary production of blota in the Columbia River nearby.

.[

l* .

t i

L 11 - 1 5 1(

1 1 1 ___--______--.-__L

.s 4

Tabir; 11-7. Percent contribution of the Wi!!amette River to the Columbia River near Trojan Nuclear Plant, 1974-1983,1985,1986 to

• 1988." -,

1988 Change 10-yr IO-yr From (

1974-83 Std 10-yr Month M ran Dev 1985 1986 1987 1988 Mean -.

J anuary 34 15 26 40 41 46 +12 February 29 18 32 39 42 28 -1 y

.1

'~'

F4 arch 22 7 22 17 20 24 +2 April 16 6 15 9 8 13 -3 f"j May 9 6 5 7 3 7 .'

June 5 2 5 3 2 5 0 ]

J uly 4 2 4 3 3 3 -l ,

August 5 2 4 3 3 3 -2 September 7 2 5 8 4 4 -3  ;.-l October 11 3 11 9 5 . 4 -7 November 21 11 21 32 9 29 +8 '

-]

December 34 14 32 30 38 29 -5

!hi

,A:

I Ei 01

• Data from USGS Pacific Northy',st Monthly Streamflow Summary.

m

?$)

a t

l l

u 4

I 1

11 - 1 6

= - - - _ _ - - - _ - _ _ - - - - - - _ _ - _ _

(,

c 7 able !!-8. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly chlorophyll a (mg/m3 ) for phytoplankton for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station D in 2,

1980 through 1983,1986 to 1988.

'. ( ~ .

CHLOROPHYLL 1974-1983

< 1987 Change Month and 10-yr Std

. From

!. River Mlle Mean Dev 1986 1987 1988 10-vr Mean L ..

June

' 73.7 20.38 9.20 -

12.00 14.85 -5.53 ji 72.4 21.60 9.72 -

12.84 10.22 -11.38 72.0 22.37 9.42 - 13.57 13,21 -9.16 J uly b-" 73.7 17.80 5.83 12.09 11.94 18.99 +1.19 72.4 18.71 5.76 12.39 12.11 20.42 +1.71 E 72.0 17.5) 6.Ii 11.86 10.04 17.58 +0.05 lL August 73.7 11.87 3.33 10.75 12.41 9.43 -2.44 F- -1.09 72.4 11.94 2.88 10.75 - 10.25 10.85 72 0 11.52 3.10 10.94 10.06 12.91 +1.39 September

(~ 73.7 10.68 3.27 5.73 7.92 9.29 -1.39 72.4 10.82 3.29 5.98 7.50 9.62 -1.23

72.0 10.20 3.29 5.79 7.93 10.29 +0.09 October 73.7 9.23 2.65 19.51 11.34 8.16 -1.07 I.. 72.4 9.29 2.60 20.34 11.43 7.02 -2.27

.I 72.0 9.18 2.65 21.49 11.54 7.12 -2.06

(' November j~; 73.7 6.04 2.44 3.69 '

72.4 6.26 2.39 4.55 - - -

72.0 6.14 2.05 4.10 - - -

i.,

- Sample n,ot required.

q7 o

I

-(

i L

11-17

{-

f.

Columbia River e Chlorophyll a J Milligrams per cubb meter

3. .q 20 _

g s ;F-16

- '~ -

~~

10 - ~~

~- -

6 - -- ~ -- -

0 June July August September October ,.,

,q E RM 73.7 P 1 RM 72.4 E RM 72.0 E Mean 1974-82 Figure 11-10 -

tg Discussion Considering the relatively small discharges (<99 cfs) from Trojan and all the upstream influences on the water quality of the Columbia, the probability of measuring subtle impacts from operation of Trojan is small. 7i Station comparisons for selected parameters show no unnate/11

'f Li upstream-downstream differences occurred between RM 73.", and 72.0 from June through October 1988. f n..

Comparison of 1988 data with that for previous years indicates all years were generally similar, with differences due to seasunal trends or natural conditions  :.J as well as among statio,ns. }

The operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant does not appear to affect the physical-chemical or biological parameter's measured in the Columbia River. ,

Weather and upstream blogeochemical processes govern the Columbia River s .

physical-chemical-biological relationships near the Trojan Plant.

l 11 - 1 8 I

L

I i- 2. FISH IMPINGEMENT 8' . The debris trap for the traveling screen wash water at the intake structure

j. continues to be monitored to check the system's efficiency in protecting the fishery resource of the Columbia River, as required by OAR 345-26-060(2).

Data since 1974 show no significant impingement of fish, mollusks, or g

crustaceans.

( ..4 Materials and Methods t^

~A Collections and analyses of the screen washings were made weekly. Fork lengths (cm) and wet weights (g) were obtained from a representative sample of each fish species when it is judged they are in sufficiently good conditien (ie, not IC decomposed).

Le Results

[ Data regarding species, monthly occurrence, and sizes of fish impinged in 1988 are noted in Appendix D. A total cf 68 fish were impinged during 1988, with the Columbia River smelt feulachon) being the dominant species (35 fish). This represented 51 percent of the total linpingement.

{

Other species and numbers collected were: 13 American shad (12 juvenile and 1 I ,,, ' adult), I dace,1 mottled sculpin,1 goldfish, I unidentified salmonid,2 large

(~ eale suckers,6 prickly sculpin,5 steelhead smolts, I sand roller, I starry flounder and 1 yellow perch. Nine crayfish were impinged, with eight live ,

specimens being returned to the river.

I Discussion ,

f The Trojan intake system continues to show little potential for impact on -

L Columbia River fish populations. The Columbia River smelt was the dominant species impinged. These smelt were spent and were probably dead or at least in F

a weakeneJ condition when impinged due to the rigors of spawning. Since spawning had already taken place, the loss of these fish represents no loss to the

'[ fisheries resource of the Columbia River. Most smelt die soon after spawning, and this loss is a natural occurrence and is not related to operation of the Trojan b.

Plant.

[4 The number of smelt impinged during 1988 is near a record low. Smelt entered p the Cowiltz River in large numbers during February as would normally be expected. As the Cowlitz enters the Columbia downstream of Trojan, no spent smelt egressing the Cowlitz would be expected to appear at Trojan. The first p smelt impingement at Trojan was noted on April 19. On April 22, apparently

% spent, weakly swimming smelt were noted on the Washington side of the L Columbia across from the Trojan Plant. It was speculated these fish were egressing the Kalama and/or tne Lewis Rivers in Washington. Smelt were also p- noted in the Sandy River approximately at this time and in the mainstream

( ..

Columbia below Bonneville Dam. It is not thought any of these smelt contribute significant numbers to the impingement at Trojan. Smelt spawning has been

, reported in the mainstream Columbia upstream of Trojan. It is thought that I these fish contribute heavily to the impingement collections. It is speculated if

'n few fish spawn in the area, few will be impinged at Trojan. Apparently this is what happened during 1988.

l t 11 - 1 9

{

_ , , _;, . - _ m  ;;.; , _ ._.;,

1. . *M

..y;

.o The total number of all species and total specimens was less than noted in .,

previous years. Six Juvenile salmonids were impinged during 1988, while an

T insignificant number, this is higher (with one exception) than has been observed ; .

In past years.'.

.J a

A total of 68 fish were impinged at Trojan during 1988 which is slightly more than an average of one individual each week - ~}

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• f: ~

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9

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11-20

t

, 3. FISH BEHAVIOR iE Hydroacoustic gear was employed in 1988 to monitor the distribution of fish I upriver and downriver of the diffuser and mixing zone. Estimates of fish density y ere determined to monitor avoidance of or attractio) to the discharge plume.

g ,.

j $ Methods Echosonic surveys were conducted in April, June, J uly, and August during periods of anadromous fish migrations. Surveys were conducted during both ebb

(.

i. and flood tidal conditions. Data was obtained from transects parallel to shore; one along the Oregon shore, one at mic-channel, and one along the Washington shore (Figure 11-11). Duplicate soundings were made on each transect.

I Hydroacoustic gear for all surveys included a 200-kHz Ross 500 SL echo sounder and a 22-degree full-angle transducer. Data was recorded on Electromark chart paper. During each survey, sensitivity of the unit was adjusted to obtain

- optimum traces under the immediate water conditions. The echogram charts were analyzed for number, depth, and location of targets. Transect length was

' determined from time on a transect (by hand-held stopwatch) and flowmeter j (General Oceanic Torpedo meter) readings. The volume of water sampled was estimated using the transducer beam angle, mean depth, and transect length.

The fish density was calculated by dividing the number of targets along a transect run by the estimated volume of water.

Results .

L Total mean densities and spatial distribution of targets are presented in

- Table 11-9. Mean target densities ranged fro g-highest densities consistently occurred offshore, e Washington th,mand 0.03 to 6.06 the lowest per 1,000

at mid-channel. Highest densities were noted in June and the lowest in August, t

Table 11-9. Mean Density (targets /1,000 m3), in 1988.

April 22 June 15 J uly 29 Aug 31

.L. Ebb Flood Mean Location Flood Ebb Oregon Shore 0.65 1.02 0.85 1.66 1.05

[

Mid-channel 0.98 0.29 0.86 0.03 0.54 b_ 3.20 i L Washington 2.25 6.06 4.08 0.41 Shore

(~

',t Total 3.88 7.37 5.79 2.10 Mean 1.29 2.46 1.93 0.70 I

l L

f i.

i L

11- 2 1 f

- - o

d

'l Figures 11-12 through 11-15 show the spatial distribution of targets noted off Tiojan. Patterns of fish distribution in 1988 were typical of those noted in

- previous years' surveys. Cross-river results again showed greater . ,

concentrations of fish along both shorelines than at mid-channel, and no '

upriver /downriver patterns of occurrence were noted in the area of the diffuser (RM 72.4). 7

?

Depth distribution of targets showed no apparent patterns, although more targets were observed at mid-channel at shallow 6r depths than in 1987. Oregon shore targets were randomly distributed both upriver and downriver and in .

relatlan to depth.

The greater number of targets observed along the Washington shore represent fish congregating before entering the Kalama River (Figure 11-11). Low densities observed at greater than 40 feet along the Washington transect are a 5]s result of only about 30 percent of the transect being greater than 40 feet in depth. q Targets counted on all transects were likely Chinook in April and Steelhead in J une, J uly, and August as well as resident species. Smelt were observed on the Washington transect in April. ]

Spatial distribution of targets did not appear to be influenced by tidal conditions during the four surveys. Ebb and flood tides did not change patterns of counts q around the diffuser, wpm would be expected if there were avoidance or i attraction to the plume. The number of targets observed in any area is more dependent on the total number of fish moving through the area rather than on ~

other variables. g Discussion - ..

),

Surveys during 1988 showed no apparent concentrations of fish in the irpmediate '

vicinity of the plant's diffuser. The relatively random distribution of fish on the upstream, downstream, and cross-river transects indicates no continuous ,

I patterns of attraction to or avoidance of the diffuser during the surveys. The d random difference between densities of fish observed during different tidal conditions also suggests fish are moving through the areas instead of congregating. To date, results of the acoustic surveys have not demonstrated f behavioral changer in the fish, resident or migratory, which can be related to y plant operation.

']

0 O

l

. ..g T

11 - 2 2

-. m . ._

g.

Y Figure II - 11 Location of. Transects for Echo-sounding Surveys.

• f OREGON l' WASHINGTON TRANSECT MID_ CHANNEL TRANSECT TRANSECT J

f' f KALAMA RIVE

.s RM 72.7 k.

c'

.b-

',. OREGON

'- SFORE

{

WASHINGTON

(, SHORE I  !

I

, \' ' .

l INTAKE AND RM 72.4 DIFFUSER PIPE e

(

I c:.

t.

Y j

RM 72.0 PRESCOTT t- .

l Spatial Distribution of Targets '

April 1988

. 0 - 20 Ft.

% of Total J

~

h 0 ,

weeNngton M c Channel Oregon

0 >;

JC8 tion .

M 72 0 (oo.n) D 72.4 (mic) C 73.7 (wo) i

'-J<

n- 42 Ficed Tida pq E.

f' 20 - 40 Ft. .l

% of Total .]

40

/ . . .

)?

weeNngton Mic <hannel Lo08 tion Cregon si M 72.0 (cown) C 72.4 (mic) C 73.7 (uol 'l I

n-8 Fleed Tlda

.e i r_.

> 40 Ft.

% of Total C)

,.4 / ,T -

f

.i

,. f.'I

. .. s . / ,- , s s >

Washington Mig-Channel Oregon Location .

M 710 (cown) E 72.4 (mid) C ?3.7 (wo) n

• 11 Flood tida Figure II - 12

V r

i Soatial Distribution of Targets June 1988 i!. 0 - 20 Ft.

i *

% of Total

/ A

{.

l

,, ff .N

w. -..-- -

$ 0 i i 2' ,'

WesNngton Mic-Channel Oregon Location M 710too.nl E 722 (mic) C r v two) n 61 i Ebb Tlas i

20 - 40 Ft.

t  % of Total ,

I~ go. ..

s l 26= ~

p 20- -

16-  ;, j

' j / -

t 0 . . .

WooNngton Mld@emel Oregon Location M 710 (conn) C3 72.4 (mic) C 73.7 (uo) n= 21 t Ecb Tice l-

> 40 Ft.

-  % of Total t --

J -

$. ~

,y 3  ! :.[ ' j' ,'

weenington uic-Cnenne oregon

' Location M 710 (conn) M 72.4 (mic) C73.7 tuc)

~

! n6 >

I Ebb T!as Figure 11 - 13

. .)

3 Spatial. Distribution of Targets .

July 1988 0 - 20 Ft. ,

% of Total l

/

, , , ;.f. :

x

.a

.9 - /

/

WesNgton WW-Channoi Oregon .{ '

Location W 710 (down) S 72.4 (mid C 73.7 (uN n t7 ..i Ebb rios ,, 1 20 - 40 Ft.

% of Total "j as .

30 es.

/ .i ..

~

/.-

A

/..........

t 20- ,

$\\\W\WWWWB\\\BO' / j h'/ ,

WooNngton Mic-Chemed Oregon

/ -

. .l l

i Location l

M 710 (conn) M 72.4 (mie C 73.7(uo) i l

I n.13 Ebb Tide L

) 40 Ft. -

% of Total

&f

/

ag:'q x4 .,

y  : .

0 ' '

Veentngton Middannel Ore 90n Location l M 710 (conn) E 72.4 (mid) 73.7(up) n6

• Ebb Ties Figure 11 - 14 l

l

, .,. 7 .

Spatial Distribution of Targets August 1988 l t i- 0 ~- 20 Ft. 1

% of Iot31 _

l r

c. .' ,

)

00 - l f  ::-' \

. 60- -~

=':-

40 _.

0 r- j  !

w, 2,g,-

w un .n ww.o .nn. o.g.n fc LOCStion

- M 72 0 (oown) M 72.4 (msg) C 73.7 (up) ]

n+17

!?* Rood Tide b.3-  :.

(;.

20 - 40 Ft.

g.

5 of Total J, ,

(. 1og. jeg .

i 80- f.::-' _

60- . # :. ' "

go. . ) / 7

) /

gg, '/ / Ar s .. / -

n

/ ,' ,

~

,' / ,

WesNnoton ulo-Chamed Oregon Location W 72.0 (oo.nl E 72.4 (mig) O 73.7(uci n*6 7, Flood Tice Le p,,

n:

L.

> 40 Ft.

[~  % of Total 1 _ _ _

40 ,. . s i i -

-> s go, ss , - i /

2 7 /

g /

/-'

)- Whtfigton Mid-Chenael OvgOn Location l M 710 (cown) G 72.dtmtd C 73.7 (up)

I n-8 Rood Tide Figure I; - 15

}, + s m..~. ,-. .- . ..,.- - 4 ,.a. .

4

e. -:

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)

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e Section III

.l .

/ .. Terrestrial Program m.

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s.__.____-.__ _ _ _ __..____m.-__._. _ _ _ . _ _ _ _

i?

l

! l l

SECTION 111 TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM

1. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY L From March 1974 through August 1987, remote ensing imagery in selected areas around Trojan has been obtained twice annually by Intera Technologies, Ltd., of Calgary, Alberta. Annual documentation of seasonal differences in 7

vegetation communities recorded on this imagery has indicated changes in vegetation growth patterns, species composition, and pigments due to various

~

natural and anthropogenic causes unrelated to the operation of Trojan. This

' remote sensing program provided baseline data during the preoperational and

r. operational history of Trojan. .

The aerial photography program has been required under Appendix B of the Operating License of the Trojan Nuclear Plant since the initiation of the monitoring program in 1974. Technical Specification 4.2 in Appendix B, Part 11 (Revision, May 14,1981) acknowledged the aerial photography program had been under way for several years. The Technical Specification Revision required this program be continued every two years for three additional periods. At the conclusion of the requirement in 1986, it was decided to continue an aerial photography study in the Trojan Area as it has provided an extremely sensitive, method of detecting environmental stress. The program is an expansion and enhancement of the previous program and a continuation of the aerial photography record we have on the pre- and post operational data for Trojan.

Photography Plus, Incorporated, of Umatilla, Oregon was retained to perfor~m

- the overflights and the Geography Department of Oregon State University at Corvallis, Oregon was retained to evaluate film quality and interpret and analyze the photographs.

Methods Four flightlines (total flight distance of 17 miles) provides information for approximately 14 square miles in an area located on the west side of the

! Columbia River, centering on Trojan (there was complete coverage within one square kilometer of the plant), and generally between Lindbergh on the north and Goble, Oregon on the south (Figure 1). Four-season photo acquisition more completely tracks annual vegetation growth stages. Project specifications are given in Tat 31e 111-1 following.

{ ,

t 111-1 l

N _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ -- -

i <

q i

i

/\

t 4

+.,, T 1

% ^* ** y '

%s /

1. , 2* 3

.  % ,3

% $h

\

7  % '

! @ \ "r .

% \'

i

% $g w\ ,b

_.s A

%,, a

\

g \

$ ;T N ~ \

1 MI n

\ <lllllT*h~ \ [ .i e w og (

tito e(A1N e' ..

.a w ', a expW0'4 e -- ~-- 5" rnet

• x . . ~

p Wojor WOW

. ~

\

y

)

g aw

- a.a j ep f

." 1

~.

...- { ' -

\ t

' ( p 1

.3. s a4

~

Figure 111-1. Flight Lines and Permanent Analyses Sites for the Trojan -

Aerial Photography Study.

111 - 2 .{

1 l

F j

r, l

! TABLE 111-1 PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS 2[ Trojan Photography Program I^

Air Photo Acquisition Specifications:

- Four-season acquisition of color and color infrared photography.

- - Flight altitude: 2625 f t/AGL

' j - Equipment: 2 Hasselblad came;as with synchronous shuttered 89mm planar 1 lenses and intervalometer. ,

i -

Film: 70mm Kodak Aerochrome IR 2443 with yellow wratten #12 filter

/ 70mm Kodak Aerochrome Color MS 2448 with skylight filter

.- Scale of photography: 1:10,000 t 10 %

7 Sequential frame overlap: 60 % i 01 %

Sidelap on parallel flightlines: 30 % i 5%

Photo ground coverage: 1,800 ft. x 1,800 f t.

Length of flightlines: 17 miles (approximately 14 square miles).

Interpretation and Analysis. ]

1

- Richards light table with full spectrum quartz halogen lamps L - 30X Bausch and Lomb stereoscopic viewer 3

- Gould 32/67 minicomputer

< - Atlas image processing software (an OSU Geographic Applications Laboratory adaptation of the ELAS program)

, - RASTERTECH 512 x 512 high resolution display terminal (24 bit, planes, over 6 million possible color combinations)

- 10 scenes selected from each coverage to provide reference information Locations of Permanent Analysis Sites in Relation to Plant Site C; . . Scene Location Filahtline Directicn from Plant Distance from Plant 1 Prescott 1 North 1.00 miles

2 Hill 1 North-Northwest 0.25 miles 3 Pond 1 South-Southwest 0.50 miles 4 Cemetery 1 South-Southwest 1.00 miles 5 Lindbergh 2 Northwest 2.70 miles

~

t III-3

m c Aerial photography was acquired during three periods during 1988: March-April V (spring); June-J uly (summer); and September-October (fall). Due to unfavorable

. flight conditions, the December-J anuary (winter) flight could not be completed.

3 M

A photo acwisition scale of 1:10,000 was used. This can be enlarged for m . anual interpretation purposes, and is suitable for direct digital processing. Kodak Aercchrome Color and Color IR film was used as it is a como film for vegetation M studies, and various manuals of interpretation contain interpretation keys for ,

d vegetation discrimination.

Digital image processing cod four color separation was done with an Eikonix Digital Imagery Camera System and a Gould 3267 Computer. The system extracts,

[W recognizes and presents features the human eye cannot discriminate.

P Four color separation was performed through a spectral range of 0.4 to 1.1 microns d usir.g band pass filters for red, green, blue and color infrared. The Eikonix Series 78/99 Camera spectrally resolves 2048 individual picture elements (pixels) and ,-~

converts them inte an analog signal which in turn is converted to digital data with a f^)

ground resolution of one meter. The digital data can then be displayed, analyzed, manipulated or stored. The information manipulation advantages of this system are significant as the output can be stored on disc and statistical analysis performed at 1.,.1 a later date. Y The advantages of this aerial program are found in both the data acquisition and y analysis phases. Four season information collection enhances temporal coverage. ,a The data acquisition process is greatly simplified by utilizing a two camera system rather than a complex multi-spectral system. The spectral range of the films to be .,

used provide advantages for vegetation monitoring. .g a

Prescott is one mile north of the Trojan facility, on the edge of the Columbia River. This residential area is the location of Permanent Analysis Site 1. The fg location !s downstream from the plant and is in the direction of prevailing winter q~'

winds. It is located on the flood plain of the Columbia River, which is crossed by numerous backwaters and slow moving streams. A great variety of vegetation is found in this photo area. Riparian vegetation, consisting mainly of willow, alder, cottonwood, ash, fir, maple, and oak as well as blackberry thickets is found both

~ '

along the Columbia River and near Carr Slough. The area of Carr Slough also contains a wetland ecosystem with shallow channels and pondings. This freshwater @

wetland habitat represents a separate vegetation community. Remnants of the d dominant conifer and broadleaf deciduous forest are found in Prescott; this association has been in large part replaced by a wide variety of introduced n.,y ornamental species and fruit trees. This area orovides examples of residential F d

i practices likely to be involved in environmental change detection.

i The hill, immediately north of and adjacent to the Trojan facility, is the location of T N

Permanent Analysis Site 2. This heavily forested area could provide early indications of environmental change. The hill lies between the river and the rail y

line and is completely covered with a mixed conifer-deciduous forest typical of the '

area.

l I

111 - 4

+=4

7,

'At Permanent Analysis Site 3 covers a e don of PGE-managed parkland and pond.

i The site continues across the old flocJ plain of the Columbia to the forested ij escarpment. This site provides coverage of several managed vegetation I communities and the edge community that develops along a transportation corridor (US Highway 30). Included in the coverage is a pond apparently formed from

. m drainage interruption during highway construction. Also a dense canopy of mixed conifer-deciduous broadleaf forest covers the steep east facing slope of the ,

a escarpment. .

~

It is assumed that if impacts of plant operation (eg., salt drif t) from the Trojan l facility were transported out of the valley, the effects would be most noticeatle on this escapment, which would tend to intercept the material as it was forced up and 7 over the slope.

On top of the escarpment that borders the Columbia flood plain is a weathered sandstone-basalt plateau. This area represents a different microclimate and exhibits changes in vegetation communities. Permanent Analysis Site 4 at the Neer City cemetery represents this change. At this site the mixed conifer-deciduous broadleaf forest is again present as is cleared, graged pasture. A managed area, the cemetery, provides a ready visual reference for site identification. Pastureland is present in this area, as is the ecotone that forms along the pasture woodland edge.

A small, shallow stock watering pond present in the area gives an indication of near surface moisture.

(

i Permanent Analysis Site 5 is along the Columbia River and contains riparlan edge l vegetation consisting of mixed conifer-deciduous broadleaf forest and introduced q ornamental species. This site is centered on Lindbergh, a small residential area .

j approximately 2.5 miles north of Trojan. The selection of this site gives us yet another mixed natural-residential area with which to develop a set of visual

• cognition clues and experienes in seasonal variation.

Results y Spring Season, Flight 88-1, (April 26,1988)

Film Quality and Coverage Contrast and color balance were acceptable, but the

, CIR film had a generally reddish cast. Color film and better overall contrast and balance. Emulsion damage was detected on two frames on flightline 2. Flightline 3 had six frames rendered uninterpretable due to either processing preblems or film loading error. Coverage was deemed acceptable, but marginal.

l' Aircraft alignment on flightlines 1 through 4 was considered adequate. Bearing misalignment on flightlines 3 and 4 was attributed to error on the USGS 7.5 minute

, quadrangle used for construction of the flightlines. Gregon State University (OSU)

. has provided the aerial photography contractor, Photography Plus, with a corrected 3

and larger scale flightline map.  !

' Initial visual (or manual) interpretation was conducted by viewing film f transparencies on Richards light table using a zoom stereoscope. Images were magnified to 30X monescopically frame by frame and stereoscopically by viewing two overlapping frames together. Detailed electronic digital analysis was conducted using the Eikonixscan-Gould minicomputer system.

111-5

. I 1  :

1 I

Both CIR and true color film were visually interpreted and electronically analyzed.

, Throughout the vicinity of Trojan, spring vegetation growth is readily apparent.

Ik Leaf flush on deciduous sph ies is recorded in varying tones of light-re d and pink on

CIR film Flowering varietuss of trees and shrubs exhibit distinctly we ik CIR  ; ~~

j returns, the result of newly developing leaf surfaces. Some deciduous species on north-facing slopes have not developed fully mature leaf surfaces and also re' lect a , . - ,

reduced CIR tone. In riparian areas some willow species still appear senescent at ~j this tims On color film, newly emergent shrubbery and ground cover appear light-gNen'within patches of last year's whitish-tan ground cover debris and residue. Thi; vegetation characteristic is most apparent in the area of Carr Slough /J and appears to be dead grass and reeds.from natural seasonal die-back. Alders,  ; .j maples, and oaks are lighter green in tone than firs, cedars and hemlocks. Evidence of decadent trees is apparent throughout the area. Dead or dying deciduous and ,-

coniferous trees are easily identified at this time of year on both color and CIR film. These trees appear yellow and grey-white on CIR film. On true color, the -

trees appear brown and grey.

Filahtline Observations Where flightline I crosses Cottonwood Island, vegetation O

o disturbance is noted at the far northeast corner of the island. Tracked equipment, most likely bulloozers, pushed up a large quantity of sand leaving blade and track scars in the natural grass and willow shrub ground cover.

It appeart that pioneer species of shrubs and grasses have taken root at the southern tip of the island in material of a color that may be sediment from the Mount St.  ;

Helens floods. The vegetation extends to the waterline in this area. Beach areas on  ;

the island show extensive areas of newly expored sand. This may indicate that the annual rise in the Columbia River level due to spring runoff had not yet occurred. 3 Cutoff ponds and channels on the island's interior do not appear at full water level. -[

Cottonwoods and willows generally show even growth and leaf flush. Willow clumps on in the south central portion of the islan'd exhibit reduced vigor, but this may be a

~

late developing variety of willow. J J

West of Prescott, the margin of the Burlington Northern railway, shows signs of clearing or herbicide spraying. Dead grass, shrubs, and deciduous trees are observed in spots all along this route. An overstory of larger deciduous and coniferous trees )

obscures full viewing access, but some right-of-way clearing has been practiced.

Northwest of Prescott, adjacent to Carr Slough, a clump of deciduous trees appears m.

bare and yellow-grey on CIR film. These trees are in close proximity to standing M water, and they may suffer from excess moisture. R Where flightline 1 crosses Nicolai Creek, trees and shrubs on both banks of the u Creek appear yellow-brown on CIR. This apparent necrosis may be insect related. ih,l

,d Tent caterpillars were reported to have had a significant effect on the vegetation in this area several years ago. -,

Many clearcuts are observed throughout the area and represent the land use activity most conspicuously related to vegetation disturbance. Two clearcuts are located .

2.3 and 2.7 miles north of the end of flightline 1. A selective cut 1.1 miles from the end of flightline I appears more recent than either of the clearcuts, with newly $]1 constructed roads and large slash and debris areas scattered about. Trees left standing do not exhibit bright CIR returns. ,

l 111 - 6 i

.J

L b '

j

.l A recent clearcut of flightline 2 is located .75 miles south of the terminus in

)

Lindbergh. Also on flightline 2 at a point .2 miles west-southwest of Trojan,

.) several denuded trees were observed next to the Portland General Electric (PGE) visitor parking lot.

~

Flightline ! provides coverage of two clearcuts and one selective cut. These I i clearcuts are located 1.5 and .5 miles from the end of the flightline and exhibit I good regrowth. The selective cut showed exposed soil and a good amount of slash remaining. Its location is 1.25 miles west of Trojan. One thousand feet northwest and north of Trojan along Highway 30 several deciduous trees exhibit varying stages I of stress or disease. CIR returns on these trees ranged from light-green to light-yellow. On true color, a distinctive yellow cast is observed. These trees appear to be Oregon ash and willows. Ground verification was made, and 35mm j photos were taken of these chlorotic trees. The af fected trees are in close proximity to a major highway, and the cause of stress could speculatively range from vehicular emissions to insect damage.

Along flightline 4, two clearcuts were observed. A very recent cut is located .4 miles west of Trojan. Soils are bare or greatly disturbed. Sparse shrub and grass l cover can be observed, but its condition is poor. At the beginning of the flightline, i a second clearcut appears to be several years old and shows signs of regeneration.

Young conifer trees appear to be in good health and show bright reflectance on CIR film. Near Coffin Rock, a number of dormant or senscent deciduous trees were observed.

Summer Season, Flight 88-2 (J uly 19,1988)

Film Quality and Coverage Film quality was considered excellent. Weather conditions during the times of overflight were light overcas't, enhancing color balance and contrast of both film types. Film resolution was exceptional, cffering inspection of individual trees. One small blemish, due to film emulsion problems, was found at the beginning of flightline 3 over the Columbia River, but flightline coverage was not affected.

'}

Flight alignment was generally good. Wind drift was apparent on flightline 1, and two sections of the flightline were re-flown. Coverage of all permanent Analysis

! sites was good. A slight misalignment at the beginning of flightline 3 was j

observed. The flight path began too far north of Trojan, but coverage of the hill to I the north of the plant was adequate for interpretation purposes.

\

( interpretation and Analysis At the time of flight 88-2, Trojan was not operating and no plume from the cooling tower was present.

f

{,- Overall, the flight provides good information on the area's characteristic tree and shrub species during the season of peak growth. Not only are crown shapes and colors of species full developed, but signs of poor health are more easily j' discriminated by variations from the normal green shades of photosynthesizing l i. vegetation. Color and color infrared (CIR) photos reveal a great deal of normal forest decadence.

i j L.

l III-7 l

l l

\'. .

e Dead timber, fallen trees, and isolated snags are found generally throughout the area. Past forestry practices resulted in large amount of residual debris that is observed over most of the study area. Some stress due to direct solar radiation and

- reduced moisture availability is noted on south slope maples. A light reddish-yellow cast is observed in the normal green reflectance of this species. Most deciduous trees that appeared bare or slow maturing in April now display full leaf coverage, in Prescott, landscape ornamentals and fruit trees identified in April as yellow or 7 orange on CIR now appear in more normal-reflectance colors of pink and red. In L general, areas that appeared as mottled pink and red on CIR in April now show homogeneous tones of red. ,,

f-q Water levels in ponds, sloughs, and channels are lower than in April, but there is no tu evidence of excessive dryness. Harvest operations in agricultural fields are underway. Forage crops have been cut and raked into rows for drying. Forestry operations appear active with equipment and log decks evident.

q y

Cottonwood Island at the beginning of flightline 1 generally exhibits trees and r shrubs in good health. However, near the island's center vegetation continues to show signs of inactivity on CIR film. Evidence of past land disturbance is observed  ?!L in the immediate area. Vehicular tracks are widespread in this area. Near Prescott, vegetation along the railroad tracks shows patch regrowth, but herbicide 9 I'

effects are still visible. The forest on the hill north of Trojan generally shows normal reflectance patterns for mixed conifer-deciduous forest. Several trees show 4 signs of stress and are conspicuous by the bright yellow hue on CIR. Approximately j 1,000 feet north of Trojan, a small patch of ground appeared to have been cleared of all vegetation prio'r to April's flight. July reveals no regrowth at this spot. One bare deciduous tree was found at the intersection of US Highway 30 and Trojants entrance drive. As detected on CIR film, immediately southeast of the cooling ]a tower approximately 20 trees (primarily Douglas fir) were showing signs of chlorosis. These same symptoms were seen in April. . .

At the east edge of Neer City cemetery, a small area of trees and brush was cut "

away. The exposed understory is in a poor state of health, appearing olive green on CIR. South of the cemetery, at an old clearcut, mostly shrub vegetation shows vigorous growth. A few patches of ground remain exposed. Approximately .8 miles south of the cemetery, at the intersection of Nicolal and Thomas Roads, a small QN pond displayed active blooms of aquatic vegetation. Two recent clearcuts, due west and south of this pond, are partially covered in natural ground cover. On CIR film, a distinct areas of diseased or stressed vegetation were observed in these clearcuts, (:.'

as determined by the characteristic orange and yellow hues. The end of flightline I covered a new clearcut (reported in April), which showed limited regrowth. Many small patches of disturbed soll remained void of vegetation. h u .2 3

v. J

• \

l 111 - 8 7

O

i4 l

For July, flightline 2 began approximately one mile south of its mapped location.

Within a diked area covered by the extended flight path, harvesting of a cover crops ijc was recently completed. A small slough, one mile north of the dike, had almort completely dried out since April. Due west of the slough and US Highway 30, two other new cuttings of cover crops were observed. Coverage of the Neer City rock

. quarry was more complete with this month's flight. Active quarrying was not observed. Directly north of the q{Yarry operation, several trees with apparent  !

{ chlorosis were detected on CIR film. slibarian canopy cover at a nearby stream has #

filled in and is much more dense and lush than seen in April's imagery.

L Clearcutting operations continued at a site .25 miles south-southwest of Lindbergh.

A selective cut at the end of flightline 1 demonstrated very good regrowth and c flushing of the tree canopy. Approximately one mile west of the microwave tower, in a clearcut, exposed soil areas and diseased and stressed vegetation were obvious.

[

Light reflectance of these plants show in orange and yellow hues on CIR film. In contrast, another clearcut, .6 to one mile from the end of flightline 3, had very L' dense regrcwth of natural ground cover. No stressed or diseased plants were L detected at this location. ] ..

Fall Season, Flight 88-3 (October 27, 1988)

Film Quality and Coverage Film quality was considered excellent. Color balance, I contrast, and sharp detail (resolution) on both color and color infrared (CIR) films t was excellent affording clear visual identification of individual tree species.

Weather conditions at the time of the overflight were clear, and seasonally lovt sun i angle provided generally favorable illumination with little glare or direct sun reflectance. Deep north facing canyons presented some loss of information due to shadow obscuration.

Areas of open, vegetated ground, such as residential lawns, agricultural pastures, and park -land in the vicinity of Trojan all continued to show photosynthetic activity but with some reduced vigor when contrasted with summer's imagery. Variation in the vigor of vegetated ground cover is attributed to natural phenology and to dry fall weather. Irrigated lawns and park grounds at Trojan show very high CIR reflectance, but pastures and forage crop areas generally show a weak CIR reflectance indicative of seasonal moisture stress and grazing by livestock.

i Flight alignment was generally good, however, there is some difficulty comparing scenes from one flight period to the next, particularly at the ends of misaligned n' flightlines. For example, f!!ghtline 2 was slightly east of both April and July L coverage, ending some 400 to 500 feet east of the area at Lindbergh. Flightline 3 began slightly north of April and July runs, but provided adequate coverage of the

y, Permanent Analysis Sites. Flight alignment of flightline 4 was accurate but the

'

• final three frames covering Trojan were obscured by the cooling tower plume.

[

Interpretation and Analysis The cooling tower plume drifted to the south, obscuring

{ the river bank and Trojan's south compound area.

L.

f i

t 111 - 9 I

l l

p Environmental changes of note include a visible decline in water levels in some ponds, riparian channel areas, and in the Columbia River. An elevational drop in

" wet line" on the Columbia was measured at approximately 10 feet. Tide level

• variation can explain part of this fluctuation, but when compared to the April and i July imagery, the shoreline near the southwest end of the Cottonwood Island indicates a dry sand area of greater extent than previously observed. Seasonal q groundwater levels are lower as indicated by reduced pond areas in pastures, and lower water levels in sloughs and channels along the Columbia River. Connecting '2 '

sloughs to Carroll's Channel, east of Cottonwood Island are nearly dry at this time of year. i all seasonal dryness also is indicated by the yellow-brown appearance of 7

._j grasses in slough and pasture areas.

in the mixed evergreen-deciduous forest, foliar changes are colorful, conspicuous 7 and widespread. The photography was flown prior to general leaf drop, so that .

species identification was easily accomplished by crown shape and color. Follar variation within species can be attributed to site-specific causes such as ,_

topographic position, slope and aspect or seasonal moisture stress, and to 'j <

anthropogenic causes other than Trojan's operation. Interpretation influences were U made in light of the interpreter's first-hand knowledge of the sites gained from L field observation and verification. No spatial associations, or distance decay '

patterns are present to indicate any relationships exist between vegetation foliar ~

change and Trojan's operation.

Filahtline Observations Water levels in sloughs and channels in the vicinity of Cottonwood Island were lower than observed on earlier flights. flightline 1 over Cottonwood Island also shows that vegetation has begun to grow in the berm -

constructed by tracked vehicles in April. The berm parallels the Columbia River  !

and it is assumed the plantings may be , intentional as the vegetation shows linear ;j growth patterns. Natural grasses appear yellow-brown in color, and some willows appear yellow on color film. This chlorosis is probably a moisture stress condition -

leading to early seasonal dorrnancy.

in Prescott, Permanent Analysis Site 1 presents a vivid picture of the seasonal foliar changes underway. Maples and alders display yellow, orange and red leaves.

White oaks, cottonwoods, and conifers maintain active photosynthesis. Various fruit ._

and ornamental tree species indicate foliar change as well. There are a number of dead individual fir trees in the area, but these appear to be mature trees and - <

natural decadence is a likely cause. These same trees were identified in April.

h Permanent Analysis Site 2, adjacent to the power plant on the north is directly ',

under the cooling tower plume during south wind conditions. This is the prevailing i wind direction during fall and winter. Several large dead firs are conspicuous, and i likely died years ago as the result of natural decadence.

Within this area is a small linear patch of freshly cleared ground observed in the "

April overflight. Located approximately 1,000 feet north of the power plant, this area has developed herbaceous ground cover during the summer and is becoming less conspicuous as a disturbed area.

eowel 111 - 1 0

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l Southwest of tha cooling tower, in the park and pond picnic area on PGE grounds, a clump of deciduous trees show shns of early defoliation. These same trees were Li E noted in the April and J uly overf!1ghts as leafing late in the spring and showing b signs of reduced photosynthetic vigor in mid-summer.

p At Permanent Analysis Site 3, located west of Highway 30, approxie tely 20 douglas fir trees show signs of chlorosis and necrosis. The position on the trees at

[' the bottom of an escarpment and in a water ponding area would indicate excess

' ~

water stress as a major contributing factor to tree health problems. These trees showed stress in April and July imagery as well. (

~ a.

Permanent Analysis Site 4, centering on the Neer City cemetery, shows evidence of brush and tree clearing on the east edge. The patch of bare ground noted in J uly shows some signs of ground cover establishment, but the effects of the clearing are apparent on remaining trees which show signs of reduced photosynthetic activity.

The pasture area to the northwest of the cemetery shows reduced CIR reflectance, likely the result of seasonal dryness. Clearly visible livestock trails and the

{El presence of cattle indicate that this grassland also is showing signs of grazing pressure. South of the cemetery there is an old clearcut and rock quarry. Shrub

,- and regeneration tree vegetation within the clearcut shows signs of vigorous growth, but in the quarry, exposed rock surfaces are barren. The canyon bottom below the quarry has numerous chlorotic firs, likely the result of sedimentation and slope disturbance. Near the end of flightline 1, an old clearcut at the intersection I

[, of Nicolal and Thomas Roads shows signs of vigorous coniferous forest r regeneration. A large, relatively recent adjacent clearcut shows a great deal of open, bare ground, however. In this area of coniferous forest regeneration, .

northerly facing slopes show signs of most vigorous regrowth. Sou'.h slopes are drier

~'

and show slower recovery. Farmsteads noted on April and July imagery were missed at the end of the flightline. ,

!; Flightline 2 was aligned well and passed directly over the town of Goble. P'asture b areas appear dry and show signs of grazing pressure by reduced CIR reflectance.

Rock quarries in the area appear to be active, and higher temperatures and rock dust appear to have some effect on the forest perimeters. Reduced CIR 0; reflectance indicates stress, and on color imagery, the trees appear to be affected by higher temperatures of rock surfaces.

e M Several dead trees are observed in the immediate vicinity of the quarries. To the

1. east of the Neer City cemetery and south of the Neer City Road, a cleared area is observed. No vegetation cover is present.

M M North of Trojan, and west of Highway 30, several rock outcroppings on the bluff appear ar, " barrens" or " balds". Some oak trees have been established, but in these sites gran and shrubs are more comrnon. Approaching Lindbergh from the south, the contrast between irrigated lawns and unirrigated fields is striking on CIR photography. The lawns appear bright red, the pastures a weak red or pink. An active clearcut operation is underway adjacent to Highway 30, approximately 500

,, feet north of mnbile home park in the south Lindbergh area. Widespread surface scars and vegetation defoliation are apparent in the immediate area of the clearcut. Brush piles, log decks, and heavy equipment are observed as well. No unusual foliar problems are noted at the terminus of flightline 2.

111 - 1 1

p r ,.:.2  :. . . ,

n

.i;'

..q Flightline 3 was aligned with the northern edge of Trojan. A large gravel pad area a is observed west of the rail line and adjacent to the north pond area. Disturbed l-l' ground and vegetation adjacent to the gravel pad area are the result of construction :q work. Along the rail line, shrub vegetation is dead, likely the result of herbicide @"*

sprays. Herbicide spraying along the rail lire is a practice noted in past years.

Continueing west, an extensive area of conifer forest regeneration is observed. ,

This is a replanted area as the trees are planted in rows The trees show strong CIR  !

reflectance and appear healthy. Scattered hardwood varieties have invaded the  ;

plantings and color film indicates the invaders to he vina maple as they appear as small, red-leafed crowns.

}

A recent select cut is observed directly south of this conifer planting. Many trees have been cut in this operation, but individual trees have been left standing. ._._

Farther west near the powerline cut, another large and vigorously growing conifer i U

regeneration area is observed. Rows of dead brush debris have been left to serve as terraces; an attempt perhaps at soll conservation on these steep slopes. Extreme erosion scars are observed at a site adjacent to the Neer City Road. A structure r that appears to be a microwave station is surrounded by eroded trath and rutted [i roads. Vehicle tracks indicate the erosion to be the result of off-road vehicle use.

Flightline 4 begins near Beaver Springs on the west and proceeds east. The rural residential land use is a mix of tree farms, pasture land, and small cultivated -

fields. Some of the fields were recently cultivated prior to the October flight. The area has been the scene of past clearcut activity and shows variots stages of forest regeneration.- Numerous areas of disturbance caused by road building and off-road vehicle use are observed. One large, recent clearcut is observed adjacent to the powerline cut on the bluff, just west of the Trojan entrance drive. The terminus of flightline 4 was obscured by the cooling tower plume drifL DISCUSSION '

I In 1988, a long, dry summer and f all prevailed from mid-June through late i November. Rainfall amounts in April, May, and early June were normal to above normal for the area, and April imagery indicated continued dormancy and late leaf development of some deciduous species. Late blooming wild fruit trees also showed "

i reduced leaf development. The late spring precipitation enhanced foliar Development in early summer, and July imagery indicated only minor moisture ,

Aress in specific sites. October imagery revealed widespread moisture stress in pastures, riparlan areas, and regenerating conifer plantings on south slopes. Stock

]

LL ponds, cut-off river channels, and sloughs all showed reduced water levels or were dry. Desiccation and higher surface temperatures appeared to reduce the vigor of rn conifers near the edge of clearcuts and quarry sites. In residential areas, strong ,Q:'j contrasts in vegetation vigor was observed between irrigated and non-Irrigated pastures, lawns, and fields, it is concluded that natural water deficiency, logging 7.y operations, herbicide applications, and other anthoropogenic effects explain w observed vegetation stress conditions. The observed vegetation conditions are L generally widespread and there does not appear to be any pattern of vegetation stress with regard to distance or direction from Trojan, t.a

+-

es cred k 111 - 1 2

p V

r-t 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALT DRIFT PRECIPIT ATION

p Analyses of chemicals in water from precipitation collectors attempt to quantify deposition of inorganic minerals from the cooling tower plume on the

{~ area surrounding the Trojan Plant. This program and aerial photographs of vegetation near the plant may note disturbances in the vegetation.

Concentrations of salt drift precipitation also may help indicate cause-effect a relationships. The Trojan Final Environmental Statement predicted an annual maximum deposition of>ts5 kg/ha of various inorganic minerals to the soil y approximately 4.8 km SSE of the plant site.

l-Materials and Methods Canister-type precipitation collectors (25.5-cm throat diameter) were located k at eight stations near Trojan (Figure 111-2). Exposed collectors were retrieved monthly and replaced with clean, dry collectors. During periods of low F precipitation, dry collectors were rinsed with 500 mL of delonized water to wash

(

the soluble residue into solution. The volume of sample in each collector was recorded, and 500 mL was filtered through a 0.45-micron-pore-size (type HA)

, Millipore filter at the Lower Columbia Field Laboratory. Filtered samples were j analyzed by the Oregon Analytical Laboratory according to methods in Table

' 111 - 2 .

i Precipitation in this report includes dissolution from dry deposition as well as i, incident precipitation. Figure !!!-3 presents the amount of wet deposition measured at the rneteorological tower on the Trojan Plant site. Over 33 inches ~

of precipitation were measured at Trojan in 1988.

Data Table E-1, Appendix E, summarizes the measured chemical deposition for 1988 as kg/ha. Tables E-2 and E-3 give the results of pH and total alkalinity analyses. Data on Table 111-3 show the relative percent of each chemical constituent measured in 1987 compared to 1984 through 1987, and to the

, 10-year base data for 1974-1983.

_6-Discussion p

t p3 Since mid 1981, pH and total alkalinity have also been measured in each sample. The pH in samples from Station 12 averaged 6.21D 9 in 1988. The U average pH values of the other samples was less than 5.5. The theoretical pH of

[.

carbon dioxide in pure water (ie, rainwater) is 5.6. Station 12, north of the plant, is under the tree canopy of the Trojan Forest; all other stations are open s.

to sky. Samples open to the sky had an average pH of 5.0 ( 0.3). Dust and forest residuals in rain or snow throughfall from the forest canopy incre'ase the

l. l '-- pH in the precipitation collected from canisters under the trees (Station 12).

1 L

111 - 1 3

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III-14 1

3 p

l TROJAN POWER PLANT Precipitation-1988

~

Inches , ,

~

6 -" . . . . . . . .

4 - - --

(:n lib

du L d l Figure 111-3 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec i

Table III-2. Specific chemicals and methods used in analyses. .

Trojan Plant,1988.

AN ALYTICAL METHDDS

-I Chemical References Method Calcium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption f- Magnesium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Potassium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Sodium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Chloride APHA 1961 Argentometric I Sulfate APHA 1981 Turbidimetric l" Silica - APHA 1981 Heteropoly Blue NaHCO3 Digestion pH APHA 1981 Electrode Total Alkalinity . APHA 1981 Potentiometric f

l. -

i. >

( , III- 15 i

Alkalinity Total alkalinity is measured by titrating the salt drift water sample against a mineral acid solution to a pH of 4.5. Because many samples already had low pH values, their total alkalinities were below detection (1 mg/L as CACO3 ). Data are presented for generalinformation only. Alkalinities of '}

samples collected from under the trees are greater than from samples open to ,

the sky. The throughfall of precipitation and the collection of dust and natural extrudants washed from the vegetation increase the alkalinity of rain or snow r before it reaches the ground. No readily apparent explanation is ava!!able for L the increased alkalinity in the April 1988 sample from Kelley's Farm. Because it is an isolated occurrence, it is not related to the operation of Trojan. In April, Trojan did not operate after the 7th. .)]

Minerals: As in previous years, sulfate accounted for the major portion of the deposited minerals in nearly all collectors in 1988. Sulfate and chloride nc; concentrations in 1938, as in the last few years, were different than from base c .{

years (Table 111-3). There was an increase in the relative percent of chloride and a corresponding decrease in sulfate. The chloride and sulfate deviations are two , , ,

standard deviations or more from the IO-year average. Because these data on Mi Table 111-3 are in relative percent, any increase in one chemical requires similar decrease (s)in other measured chemicals.

]

As reported in previous studies, operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant is not a responsible for this change in chloride and sulfate ratios (BEAK 1977). Chloride in the vapor is not a probable source of the chloride deposition in 1988. A vapor sample taken from the Trojan cooling tower plume was found to have about 1.0% ,,1 }

sulfate and only 9.1% chloride (ibid). The IO-year average for chloride in salt drift deposition (including two years before Trojan was operational) is 12% 1 3% -

(Table 111-3), which is greater than the vapor sample. 1

.)

Table 111- 3. Monthly deposition (% by weight) of selected chemicals measured in *'

f precipitation collected near the Trojan Plant.1988.

MONTHLY DEPOSITION J '

(% by weight) 1974-1983 1988 j 10-yr Data Base Difference '"1 Chemical Mean SD Range 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 From ID-vr Mean Calcium 10 2 8-14 12 13 11 11 11 +1 .f Magnesium 3 1 2-4 3 4 4 3 3 0 Potassium 11 4 7-18 7 13 10 11 7 -4 e Sodium 14 4 8-19 13 13 12 12 16 +2 Chloride 12 3 7-15 12 18 19 20 23" +11 4

Sulfate 48 4 40-52 49 38 40 41 38" -10 l Silica 3 1 1-5 4 2 4 3 2 -1 1

1 "Outside range in 10 year Data Base.

111 - 1 6 j ,

a

~ - _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _

l

~

- \

ep i

• ! Deposition amounts: Whenever Trojan is operational, Station 6 at the base of the cooling tower has increased depositions relative to other stations; however,

} Station 7 at the meteorological tower close to the cooling tower does not show

- elevated depositions (Table 111-4). Trojan was not operational in 1988 from April 7 to July 6 for maintenance and refueling. Short maintenance periods also c occurred in J anuary, September, and December.

i w, b_ y Deposition amounts in November are generally greater than in other months (Table ll!-4).-In 1988, salt drift in November was 21% of the yearly total. In contrast, the amount of salt drift in August was only 1.1% of the year's total.

, k Fall rains, downriver winds carrying inland dust, and leaves from deciduous trees are reasonable explanations for (hese winter increases. Table 111-5 indicates y that every station had reduced total deposition amounts in 1988 relative to the j:; 11 year base period. The means for each station for the period 1974 to 1988 are also lower in all cases than for the period 1974 through 1984 (Table 111-5).

C Station 12 under the forest canopy northeast of Trojan usually showed increased mineral depositions when compared to other stations, regardless of Trojan Ra operation (Tables 111-4 and 111-5). The greater surface area of leaves, needles, 4 ,

and tree branches increased the throughfall of materials froth the tree canopy

't into the precipitation collectors. Additionally, leaching of minerals from tree

( parts that fall into the collectors can be considerable over an extended time period. During 1988, the total deposition at Station 12 was lower than the O 1974-1984 base data and equal to the 1974 through 1988 mean.

(

It is dif ficult to differentiate between effects of the forest canopy at Station 12

~

and possible deposition from the Trojan plume or from unknown sources.

c However, during the period when leaf fall was occurring, potassium levels were higher in samples from under the trees. Plant tissues concentrate potassium; thus these higher potassium values are attributable to autumnal leaf fall.

(- Summary: The Trojan Final Environmental Statement (TFES) predation of 1.5 kg/ha/yr of inorganic minerals from the cooling tower plume at a station approximately 4.8 km SSE of the plant either was in error or is impossible to i

measure. Station 9 (Goble) is the nearest station to the predicted site. The monthly average deposition for the 10 year base period, (7.8 kg/ha/mth from all sources, natural and man-caused) is about five times the predicted yearly amount. In 1988, the monthly deposition (4.4 kg/ha/mth) is three times the i predicted yearly average in the TFES. Any deposition from the cooling tower is .

too small to be measured when all sources are sampled.

W Dperation of Trojan in 1988 did not appear to cause adverse impacts due to O depositions of the major ions frcm the cooling tower plume on the surrounding terrestrial habitat.

i:

( -

( >

b i

t 111 - 1 7 i .

I s - )

. ' . 2 ' .

1

. *[

S E

G E

LR

. '3 A PA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 0 P ME 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

AL

• f SC U

H0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~

y 1 RN y 0 O Y. -

TN CA 3 4 0 3 6 6 2 0 4 4 2 3 7

,, 3 EJ 1 7 7 8 0 8 2 4 1 7 0 1 9 3' LO 2 1 2 4 1 6 0 1 1 1 3 1 8 3 2 LR 1 .

4 OT 1 5 3 9 7 5 4 6 6 2 1 8 C 1 1 3 1 1 D E 1 NH OT 5 8 6 0 1 3 5 7 4 3 3 4 2 8 5 8 7 8 9 9 f O I 3 7 1 1 8 1 N TF 4 AO 14 1

7 5 4 6 8 2 1 3 6 3 0 6 .

T T 8 3 7 3 3 2 1 1 2 5 4 4 R IY 4 O PT P II E CN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R EI 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 RC 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 PI 1 V .

F OE Ij H ',

ST 8 E 9 7 7 2 3 0 6 5 5 6 7 1 !h N SN 5 4 7 4 9 2 0 6 7 9 5 8 1 O YI 7 2 4 4 9 5 6 1 9 0 3 3 0 I L 1 l-.

T AS 8 4 7 3 3 3 1 2 1 7 8 3 I I NN 5 S AO 7g O I f.

P LT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M AA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O CC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C IO R y ML -L CL E '

IA HT RC CA 7 3 2 3 0 9 TI 7 2 2 9 3 0 1 CM M 3 7 1 3 2 4 8 3 4 1 5 0 4 EE OR 4 1 6 0 2 0 1 1 5 8 0 3 5 LH RE 2 . .

2 9 5 0 EC FB 8 4 7 3 4 3 1 1 4 A M. 5 -

LN DEE I AO ECR I .

RI TEA 7 3 0 6 5 7 5 8 4 9 4 5 3 I  %.".

ET ADT 8 6 3 2 8 0 2 2 8 1 8 3 7 -

NA L C 4 0 1 7 4 5 5 3 5 4 3 3 9 E  %

ET UHE 1 8 8 8 5 4 3 2 7 8 0 8 L

B g

GI CGH 1 P LU 2 1 2 1 1 A DI AO/ 1 T NC CR - .

AE HS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5'::

• p LR NTM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TP O A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + s R IYR 1 O- TRG P IAO T SUL ,

-F ONI . :,,

I PAK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R EJ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 twy D D S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MA &

T LO e?

L ARD A RFE S E S [w ,

NHS 4 9 1 0 5 6 6 8 6 5 5 9 4 k ITE 6 9 0 8 5 2 8 7 1 0 3 4 9 MNR 2 5 6 9 5 8 9 3 0 9 6 7 4 OP 1 LMX 7 3 7 3 4 2 1 3 8 5 0 A E 5 TH OCS TAE 6 5 9 7 1 7 9 5 2 8 7 3 9 I=

EU 7 3 3 7 3 3 2 3 7 2 8 3 7 F L 6 6 8 7 4 4 3 7 5 8 6 1 0 -,

ODA 2 .

EV 7 5 7 9 3 1 1 1 7 5 3 e 5

YV .

RE t-t AIT MRN 8 2 3 4 1 4 2 8 6 1 7 7 9 MTA 5 1 1 7 2 2 6 3 9 0 4 9 4 ~

UEL 8 6 8 8 7 3, 9 5 8 9 3 7 6 SRP 1 7 4 8 3 3 2 1 7 5 8 4 .

9 8

/ g 9

0 D N

/ O O $,~

3 I S S S S S S S S S S S S I 0 R Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y T E A A A A A A A A A A A A I S

P D D D D D D D D D D D D .

E D O _

T NN 4 6 3 9 9 3 3 5 2 4 2 1 P  :

A AO 4 2 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 1 4 2 S .

D I I HT D T TC R NE L L O OL N B R R Y N L G P T V C A P ML A E A P A U U U E C O E T 8 E O J F M A M J J A S D N D O W R C T

• I rill!Illtlll '

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., , .2 . ,- ,. _

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(.

Table 111-5. Total deposition by station (kg/ha/ month) of selected chemicals measured in precipitation collected near the Trojan Plant.

? 1974-1988.

i PRECIPITATION DEPOSITION

(:::

C ,

I 2 3 6 7 ,_9._ 11 [ _12 b 5.7 5.9 5.5 8.8 5.2 11.2 5.1 -

1974 1975 6.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 7.9 5.4 -

1976 16.9 11.8 14.2 22.7 13.6 22.9 12.1 -

L, 1977 4.2 5.4 6.1 23.0 5.3 5.0 4.9 17.4 3.7 4.8 4.7 10.4 3.3 3.9 3.4 7.9 1978 L .. 4.2 3.8 11.2 1979 3.4 4.0 4.4 11.6 5.0 6.7 7.2 6.7 11.9 5.9 6.9 7.0D 9.5

! 1980 I 3.9 4.3 4.8 9.2 3.8 4.1 - 3.6 7.2 1981 3.6 4.1 3.5 13.4 4.4 6.6 3.4 4.8

1982 4.0 4.0 4.3 13.3 4.0 6.1 3.7 9.8

f. 1983 3.6 4.1 3.9 13.4 4.4 6.6 3.4 ,8.8 1984 3.7 3.3 3.4 8.3 3.0 4.4 2.9 9.4 1

1985 3.2 3.3 3.9 10.5 4.0 6.5 3.8 9.0 1986 ,

3.8 3.3 3.4 9.7 3.8 5.4 3.8 7.9 i 1987 ..

(~ 4.1 4.4 4.2 9.9 1.7 4.4 3.7 9.4 1988 5.7 5.7 5.9 13.2 5.6 7.8 5.1 9.6

,; 1974-1984 Mean 3.9 2.3 3.0 5.2 2.8 5.4 2.6 4.0 c 1974-1984 SD 5.1 5.1 5.3 12.2 4.9 7.0 4.7 9.4 1974-1988 Mean I(. 1974-1988 SD 3.4 2.2 2.7 4.7 2.7 4.8 2.3 3.0

-1.6 -1.3 -1.7 - 3.3 - 3.9 -3.4 -1.4 -0.2 i 1988 Difference

( From 1974-1984 Mean 4

- 1.0 -0.7 -1.1 -2.3 -3.2 - 2.6 -1.0 0.0 1988 Difference

{- From 1974-1988 Mean

('

[

\

111 - 1 9 l .

-- l

, ,, +

4 e'

3. BIRDS

. Bird populations are censused to determine community composition (diversity) and densities in various habitats in the Trojan area. Birds provide a gross "

measure of habitat quality and are used in this study to indirectly assess changes ,

in habitat structure. In addition, surveys of the Trojan grounds are made to note ,

any unusual species or mortality associated with the Trojan facility. < i d,f Methods u

A strip-count method was used to census Trojan bird populations. Established Q.

transects included coniferous forest, mixed forest, marsh, and open (trees CO interspersed over open field) habitats in the Trojan area (Figure 111-4). Censuses were conducted May 25 and 26, and J une 9 within four hours after sunrise. n..

Sampling in late May and early June maximizes data collection due to the y presence of both resident and migrant birds. Detectability is also optimized because of an increase in auditory cues during this time of year. g d

C#

Species, number, and perpendicular distance from the transect line were recorded during a census. Given this information, bird densities were calculated ,

from observations within 100 f t (30.5 m) of the transect line, the lateral A boundaries of the censused area. This distance represents a compromise -

b between effective detection and maximum utilization of data.

qR, Weekly surveys of the Trojan project grounds.were also conducted on foot to 1 document unusual species and/or bird mortalities attributed to the various Trojan structures (ie, meteorological tower, switchyard, generation building). - ,,

Results and Discussion g Fifty-four species were recorded during the 1988 census period. Species . q richness is above average based on counts since 1974 (Table 111-6). Song Sparrows and American Robins were common in lower strata (ie, grass,' brush) in ']j '

forested and open habitats. Winter wrens, Chestnut-backed Chickadees, and Purple Finches were common in conifer forest habitat. Swallows, Mallards, 1 American Goldfinches, and Common Yellowthroats were common in marsh DL habitat. One Hen Mallard with eight young was observed on May 26 in Carr i Slough. Three pair of Canada Geese also nested in the area, producing 22 J

!t.

young. Although the number of species observed in 1988 was above average,

general species composition has remained similar to previous years (ie,1974- 1987). .

=

Annual comparisons of the various feeding guilds (ie, ground, tree foliage, bark probers, raptorial, shoreline, aquatic, etc) also indicate a stable bird assemblage in the Trojan region (Table 111-7). The number of species in each guild and E general guild composition has been similar from 1974 through 1988. 1 Bird densities were generally above average in 1988 (Table 111-8). Bird densities, ,

however, exhibit greater variation than community species composition. . :. q V

Weather conditions, bird activity, number of auditory cues, inconsistent seasonal comparisons from year to year, ard nanges in population level greatly influence census results. J J

j 111 - 2 0 i

i

.)

= - -

I-(

.D-'

Pmmott

' f y. Q '

{

[ -

Carr Slough i

h IConifer

(

/ Forest

<- I i i l M i i

-- __ g i

(. . I s Reflection, l L i -

'e l Lake ..

t Trojan l t

[ -

Nuclear Plant .

J.1 I - 1 1 I I

2 I I /

t..~ \ l Neer Recreation ,

r Creek Lakef i N /

\ ( l f i

\ s

! \

\

's D

g

\

i

\ /

I? >

\%

\\

l E: 4 E

s \ \

{:~.

l.. Trojan bird census transects (dashed line) and field sampling Figure 111-4.

stations in recreation lake for monitoring fish and benthic i invertebrates.

I

!!!-21

,i I

__._m.__u-m._ -_-______-m___- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4.,- 2. >- m.. . . .,

a .

l 1

l Table III-6. Bird census data from replicate sampling for Trojan transects.

May - J une,1988.

AVERAGE DENSITY i (individuals / hectare) ,

Conifer Mixed Open .

Species forest Marsh Forest Area .

Great Blue Heron 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 l Mallard 0.00 2.23 0.16 0.00 .

^

Turkey Vulture 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Red-tailed Hawk D.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 f;n 0.00 0.44 0.00 0.05 hv Killdeer Band-tailed Pigeon 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 ....

Great Horned Owl 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 Rufous Hummingbird 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 Northern Flicker 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 f Yellow-bellied Sapsucker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 ,

Hairy Woodpecker 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.00 j 0.00 Downy Woodpecker 0.00 0.00 ,

0.08 Willow Flycatcher 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,26 .

Western Flycatcher 0.13 0.00 0.79 0.00 . .i Western Wood Pewee 0.00 0.00 0.79 0.00 ,i Violet-green Swallow 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 [J3 '

Tree Swallow 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.05 Barn Swallow 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.16 $}

Cliff Swallow 0.00 3.03 0.00 0.00 Steller's Jay 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 ;7lj American Crow 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.36 d Black-capped Chickadec 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 ,,.-

Chestnut-backed Chickadee 1.17 0.09 0.16 0.00 ff Bushtit 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.62 Red-breasted Nut. hatch 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 Brown Creeper 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 House Wren

- J 1.94 0.00 1.35 0.00 Winter Wren 111- 2 2 i

J

. - - .. _.;g,

_; 7 _ . . . .

p[4 p

'{:

i iO I Table !!!-6 (cont.)

(.-

Conifer .

Mixed Open Species Forest Marsh - Forest Area 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 L Bewick's Wren 0.00 0.53- 'O.00 0.00 Marsh ' Wren 0.39 1.42 1.35 0.78

~

American Robin 0.26 0.00 0.63 0.00 Swainson's Thrush Ruby-crowned Kinglet 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 f Cedar Waxwing 0.26 0.89 0.'00 1.66 European Starting 0.00 1.42 'O.08 2.29 F~

Solitary Vireo , 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 Warbling Vireo 0.00 0.09 0.40 0.05 t

Orange-crowned Warbler 0.39 0.09 0.00 0.10

(-

Yellow Warbler 0.00. 0.27 0.00 0.05, Black-throated Gray Warbler 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.16 0.21 Common Yellowthroat 0.78 0.00 0.79 0.00 f' Wilson's Warbler Red-winged Blackbird 0.00 0.% 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31

p. Northern Oriole 1.04 0.36 0.08 0.42 La Brown-headed Cowbird

$? ,.

Black-headed Grosbeak 0.13 0.00 0.48 0.05 1.17 0.00 0.32 0.16 Purple Finch

']

0.71 0.00 0.21 House Finch 0.13 0.91 0.09 0.00 0.00

(( Pine Siskin 0.26 0.89 0.00 0.42 American Goldfinch 0.52 0.00 0.08 0.05 U. Rufous-sided Towhee

• q: Dark-eyed Junco 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.26 White-crowned Sparrow 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.21 g ,

0.39 0.80 3.18 1.46 L Song Sparrow Total Mean Density 13.25 17.27 12.87 10.65

(

J 111 - 2 3 i

t: ;i e s Table !!I-7. Trojan bird species richness (total species, species / feeding guild) derived '

from May census data, 1974-1988.

m Guild / Tree Ground / Bark Foliage Brush _. Probing Raptor. Aerial Shore Aquatic Total {:)

Year _

3 3 1 46 ,._..

1974 15 19 4 1 9 2 1 48 .

1975 17 15 3 1 42 *t 3 2 3 3 1 1976 14 16

'~

4 2 0 40 1977 14 16 3 1 rm 5 3 ,1 45 UJ 1978 15 19 1 1 (.s 0 6 2 2 44 1979 18 14 2

~I 4 3 3 46 1980 15 17 3 1 7 3 1 48 1981 16 16 4 1 -)

8 3 1 52 1982 20 15 2 3 _

4 1 8 3 2 54 j 1983 20 16 8 3 5 61 1984 20 18 6 1 2 7 4 4 56 {

1985 19 17 3 4 1 8 4 5 59 ,

1986 19 18 .!

55 -I 3 2 7 5 3 1987 18 17 3 7 2 1 54 r 1988 18 17 6 J. I

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6 3 2 50 Mean 17 17 3 1 rw 0.8 2.0 0.9 1.6 6.4 i 'f SD 2.2 1.5 1.4 .

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j.. Table 111-8. Trojan bird densities (number /ha) derived from May census data

' in coniferous forest, marsh, mixed forest, and open areas.

1974-1988.

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Habitat Conifer Mixed Open e ,

I Year Forest Marsh Forest Area g.9 7.21 11.45 11.25 1974 16.85 9.18 11.42

['b 1975 12.41 16.67 8.98 10.92 8.50 9.99 1976 8.55 12.29 7.50 11.31 p{ 1977 6.99 19.63 10.60 6.32 1978 g

i 9.11 9.74 4.31 6.34 L 1979 7.55 16.93 6.18 6.88

. 1980 8.'58 13.46 9.I6 8.04 1981 I 14.67 18.87 10.81 9.93 1982

+ 16.61 24.93 13.83 , 12.91 1983 16.09 20.85 13.52 12.09 1984 15.58 21.73 11.06 13.70 1985

}. 11,76 15.29

- 1986 17.26 18.52 12.07 16.I i 16.67 8.12 i!: 1987 (5; 10.65 1988 13.25 17.27 12.87

p. 16.34 10.49 10.28 J Mean 12.30 L..

3.74 4.84 3.17 2.71 SD o

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, w Community composition is more a function of habitat structure and quality'y (Cody,1974). If the habitat does not significantly change, then species composition should remain stable. In view of these factors, density results "l compare similarly to previous years,. indicating a stable avian community in the + Trojan area. No mortalities were observed during the weekly project site surveys in 1988. q Notable incidental bird observations included: j

          " Up to 55 Tundra Swans wintered on Carr Slough.                                                                                        ,

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• A pair of Common Mergansers were observed on the recreation lake during the spring and summer months indicating possible breeding activity. No young were nbserved.  ;:-

          " Up to 300 American Wigeon and 150 Mallards wintered on the recreation lake.
          " Up to 150 Canada Geese wintered on the recreation lake.

• One Green-backed Heron was observed on the recreation lake, September 13. ..,

          " Two Great Egrets were observed on Carr Slough, May 5.
                                                                                                                                         ~
           " One adult Bald Eagle was observed over Trojan Park, June 9. Eagles were reported in the vicinity of Trojan throughout winter and spring months.                                                                 ]
           " Cliff Swallows nested along the upper rim of the cooling tower as in previous

• years.

Bird monitoring activities in the Trojan area do not indicate any impact from the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. f.

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l M. ! jfw_. . r@- l i Q:a (' 4. INCIDENTAL COS[_RVATIONS

     -       Observations of unusual flora and fauna or important events that could result in significant environmental impact are documented to comply with EPP Technical               )

h Specifications 4.1 (Appendix A),and to assess possible causal relationships between the observed event and Trojan operation. Examples of noteworthy .

     '_      observations would include presence of threatened or endangered species, plant          1 i

or animal disease outbreaks, excessive bird mortality, fish kills, and ( unanticipated emergency discharges of wastewater or chemical substances.

           . Methods Weekly ground surveys were conducted during 1988 to document the occurrence of various natural phenomena or impacts related to Trojan operation.

[L Observations were made on foot in the vicinity of the recreation take and major , facility structures (ie, cooling tower, meteorological tower, switchyard, (: generation building), and general surveillance of the area around the plant site j was made from a vehicle. All sightings of unusual species or events were noted. Results and Discussions t

     '        No unusual species were noted during the-incidental observation surveys. The lack or low number of this type of observation compares similarly to previous f.'      years. Waterfowl continue to winter on the recreation lake in limited numbers,

including Canada Goose, Mallard, and American Wigeon. Black-tailed Deer, Nutria, Beaver, Chickadee, California Ground Squirrel, and Raccoon were common mammal species in Trojan Park: The operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant has had minimal impact on terrestrial and aquatic environs, and no major

k. changes are expected in the future.

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[ .' - 5' t SECTION IV r RECREATION LAKE AQUATIC PROGRAM i L

     ..                        1. RECREATION LAKE FISH                                                                     ,

L (' Fish populations in the recreation lake are sampled to determine species present, their relative abundance, and their general condition. Data obtained

,-                             are used to determine possible impacts of discharges into the lake resulting from

[ plant activities and to provide reference materials for future management programs. Materials and Methods Variable-mesh gill nets were used to sample the lake in July and October of C 1988. The nets measured 125 ft x 6 ft and consisted of five panels of 1/2-in. , L- 1-in. ,1-1/2-in. ,2-in. , and 3-in.-square mesh monofilament. They were set at mid-day, one at Station 2 and one at Station 3 (Figure 111-4), and retrieved the following morning. Both nets were set on the bottom of the lake p' perpendicular to shore, with the smaller mesh at the shoreline. They were fished for 22.5 hou'rs in July and 21.75 hours in October. Specimens were identified, counted, weighed [ wet weights (g)], and measured (. [ fork lengths (cm)]. Data are presented in Appcodix F.

;                              Results                                                                      ,

b In 1988,66 fish representing ten species were collected from the recreation

• lake. Twenty-nine fish were netted in J uly and 37 in October. The catches were comprised of eight species in July and nine species in October. White t.- crappie was the dominant species in July with bluegill and white crappie being dominant in October. One crayfish was taken each in July and October, f

       .-,                      From external and body cavity examination, all of the fish appeared to be healthy with no apparent parasites or diseases. Condition factors ranged from 1.06 (yellow perch) to 2.47 (bluegill).

U Discussion 1 Comparison of 1974-1988 catch data indicates the occurrence of a naturally f' fluctuating total fish population in the recreation lake. After filling of the impoundment, initial peak production of fish species was realized in 1974 and g 1975. From 1976 to 1981, total population numbers decreased and appeared to j stabilize, although dominant species in the catches fluctuated with a decrease in l h desirable species (eg, crappie, bluegill, perch) and an increase in carp and goldfish. l 1 f

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3 I;T Gill net catches in 1986 indicated a relatively high proportion of fish which J would be considered as desirable for a recreational fishery. These include perch, crapple, bass, bluegill, and bullheads. These species comprised approximately 9 38% of the June catches and 97% of the October catches. Approximately 48% 1 and 86% respectively, of the July and October 1987 catches were comprised of these species.This trend, as indicated by the 1988 gillnet catches, continues. i Over 86% of the July and October catches were comprised of the ,.) aforementioned species. , Data from recent gillnet sampling seems to indicate an increasing population of q species desirable to a recreational fishery. Gravid bass and perch as well as 't - juveniles have been observed in the past. This indicates a reproducing, but perhaps relatively small, population. The low numbers of fish taken confirms ,_~ the notion of small population size. Catches at these same stations with identical gear yielded much higher catches in past years. C-l There is a large population of carp in the lake, but they are seldom captured in gillnets at the stations fished. These carp are readily observed, especially in 1, shallow areas during the spring, it has been noted by various authors that carp may limit the abundance of other fish by feeding on plants and bottom organisms - and making the water turbl% , In order to increase the population of more desirable species, it will be necessary to eliminate or periodically reduce the carp population. Stocking with desirable species may be necessary to expedite recovery.

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2. BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES ~

p( ( L Benthic organisms in the recreation lake area are sampled to describe their composition and relative abundance. Unusual fluctuations in species m- composition and/or total population densities will be viewed as possible i indications of plant or site-related activities and general water quality. Materials and Methods

i. Benthic samples were collected at approximately six week intervals from Stations 1 and 2 in the recreation lake (see Figure 111-4). A petite ponar grab (0.023 m2) was used to collect four replicate samples at each station. Each sample was strained through a 6DO-micron-mesh stainless steel sieve and then l stained with rose bengal and preserved in Formalin. Depth (m), composition of substrate, and quantity of substrate obtained (L) were recorded for each F. replicate. At each station, secchi disc readings, pH, conductivity, and L. temperature of the water were obtained. In the laboratory, benthic invertebrates were picked from samples, identified as to family, and counted.

( Abundance of organisms per station was reported as number per square meter. Results and Discussion f Benthic density and physical-chemical data from the two sampling sites are

    '          presented in Appendix C. A full ponar (2 liter / sample) of substrate was obtained for each replicate. Substrate at both stations consisted mainly of clay and silt,          l with very little detritus. Sampling depth at Station I was 3.5 meters to n          4.5 meters, and that of Station 2 varied from 4.5 meters to 5.5 meters.

Three taxa of benthic invertebrates were collected in the lake in 1988, Culleidae f.. (Chaoborus), Chironomidae, and Oligochaeta. Other organisms reported fr6m the lake since 1983 include Planaria, Nematoda, Ephemeroptera, Collembola, Coleoptera, and Amphipoda. Location of grab samples and composition of substrate influence the number of taxa obtained; however, sampling Stations 1 i and 2 are representative of the main lake. The greatest variety of organisms occur where Near Creek enters the lake where allochthonous materials are present in the substrate. p I Chironomidae and Oligochaeta, the two dominant organisms, were present in the j substrate during each sampling period. Chironomid populations exhibited two 1 I peaks of abundance, one in spring and one in mid-summer. Culleids continue to (. show winter high and summer low densities, typical of phantom midge populations. Fluctuation in numbers of Oligochaetes throughout the year was minimal (Figures IV-1 and IV-2).

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                                                                                                           )

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Total densities in 1988 were similar to those of 1987, however, well below previous years' means. Organisms in 1988 ranged from 43 to 609 per square

  -                                          meter, the lowest sample densities recorded fro ~m the reservoir in the previous eight years (Figure IV-3). Combining mean densities of the last two years                                            '

results in an average of 677 organisms per square meter compared to the 1981-86 average of 1,922 (Figure IV-4). Similar to previous years, densities at Station 2 were considerably greater than at Station 1, except for in May and J uly when densities were comparable. The declining total population of benthic inverte:brates can be attributed to the q decreasing number of Culleids. Fluctuating proportionately, mean yearly sf

                                                                                                                                                                 ~

Culicid numbers,'since 1981, correlate positively (0.922) with those of the total population; both curves exhibiting a decreasing trend (Figure IV-4). During this ,y same period, densities of Chironomids and Oligochaetes have remained V..y relatively steady, Chironomides averaging 446/m2 (SE=66) and Oligochaeta ' Ud 222/m2 (SE=25). Physical-chemical data obtained during 1988 are presented in Appendix C. " Temperatures ranged from 6.6*C in December to 19.7*C in July. Conductivity and pH values were normal, ranging from 116 to 142 ymhos/cm and from 7.1 to .. 8.7; respecth ily. Typically low Recreation Lake secchi disk readings ranged  ;

                                                                                                              ~                                                       -

from 52 to 110 cm. No plant-related operations occurred which would have affected water quality '9 of the lake in 1988 nor the structure of the. benthic community. The changes in the dominance hierarchy of the community from Culleidae to Chironomidae and ~ Oligochaeta can rather be related to the naturally occuring changes in the  ; environment, including predator-prey relationships, as the lake continues to ] mature and entrophicate. < 1 x

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     '                                                                  BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LAKE

l.,y 1988

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Odon 1 Number / m-2 , i, 500 s 400 -- f - - - - - c-- 300

                                                /

L 200

                                             /.                     \                                    -                       -
    - ["{                                            E-t ';;                      100a I'                             0 Mar              May                 Jul            Aug                Sep         Oct           Dec

[ MONTH

   ,[
                                                                                                             + Oligocheetc t                                                      Chironomidae                    Culicidae

j. FIGURE IV-1

( I- BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LAKE (. 1988 i-O U" Number / m-2 g 400 M [s_ 300 N '/ L51 {" " ' 200 - U1 100, y , [.- I' i _ f 0 {

       '                            Mar              May                 Jul            Aug                Sep         Oct           Dec MONTH                                                    l f

1

                                                                                                             + Oligochaeta

( Chironomidae Culicidoe I [ FIGURE IV-2 l w_ - ____- _- -_ _ . .--___-__________-___-__-_-____-__-____----_--___-____:____________-___L

                                                                                                                                                                  ~

F' .rT~n'", W , .. . . , ,_r ,2 1 3. ;- ~^'-'~~-~~'-T~~  :. . .. -7"'TY

                                                                                                                                                                                           .             m BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LAKE j ..                                                                                                                     1988 l                                                                                                                                                         -

i= Total Moon Density (Number /m-2) 60" * - 50tJ. , - f;.M

                                                 ,,,                         /         \                            _                                      _                 /                           -!

300 / \ A / q

                                                                                                                 / N                                                                                     '
                                                                                             \                                                                      /

100

                                                                                                  \/                                      N-                  /             --                           M.

O . Mor May Jul Aug Sep Oct Dec

                                                                                                                                                 '                                                       "]

MONTH Stetion 1 Station 2 i FIGURE IV-3 q

                                                                                                                                                                                                            .: \

q1 RECREATION LAKE .t.. BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES liparty Density Comparisons ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                            ),

t Density (# / m*2)' 3000 m bb 2000

                                                                               /N                                                                                                                        m 25'
                                                                        ,7                                                                   A                                                           3,3 1000 f              AN                                            /
                                                                                                                                                         \                                               q u.

500 7 %_ f- , w__ _ L.; x- ' - O 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1980 1987 1988 . YEAR

                                                                            - Culicidae       -*- Chironomidos                       -*- Ollgochaetc          -*- Totc)

• Mean of pect season denstiles Figure IV-4

             - __--- - __--_ _ _ - . _              -m_     . _ _ _ _ _ _

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ll6 ~ Section V (- ?

• 44

                                                                 .Referenees                                .

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  ![                                                                                                                                                                   SECTION V i

REFERENCES

                                                                                                                                  - American Public Health Association.1981. Standard methods for the t..                                                                                                                            examination of water and wastewater,15th ed.

I: 1 Atomic Energy Commission.1973. Final environmental statement related to operation of Trojan Nuclear Plant. Docket No. 50-344. {c- , I Austin, G. T. and C. S. Tomoff. 1978. Relative abundance in bird populations. Amer. Nat. I12:695-699. I

i. BEAK Consultants incorporated.1975. Preoperational ecological monitoring I

program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1974. g BEAK Consultants Incorporated. 1976. Preoperational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1975. I BEAK Consultants incorporated. 1977. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1976. I BE AK Consultants incorporated and Portland General Electric Company. 1978.

    ,!                                                                                                                              Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant.

Annual report for 1977. Bertrand, G. A. and J. M. Scott.1979. Checklist of the birds of Oregon,3rd I ed. OSU Bookstore, Inc.17 pp. i Bond, C.1973. Keys to Oregon freshwater fishes. Tech. Bull. No. 58. Oregon [ State University, Corvallis. Brower, J. E. and J. H. Zar.1977. Field and laboratory methods for general ecology. W. C. Brown Co. Dubuque, Iowa.194 pp. [ Chapman, H., and P. Pratt.1961. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and f- waters. University of California, Division of Agriculture Science. 307 pp. Cody, M. L.1974. Competition and the structure of bird communities. Monogr. Pop. Biol. 7. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 318 pp.

      '~                                                                                                                            Cooper, C. M.1981. A population study of the Diptera (Insecta) of Grenada Reservoir, Mississippi. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. Vol.1, No. 3.

I~ i (. V-1 l

                                                                                                                                                                                                           ,                 -.q Coutant, C. C., and C. D. Becker.1968. Information on timing and abundance of fishes near Prescott, Oregon important to the commercial or sport fisheries

- of the Columbia River. A report to Portland General Electric Company from .+ Pacific Northwest Laboratories, a division of Battelle Memorial Institute, Richland, Washington. Cummins, V. W., and R. W. Merritt. 1978. Aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 144 pp. - EPA,1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes.1974. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Method Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory. National Environmental Researct) Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. - Fjerdinnstad, E.1965. Taxonomy and saprobic valency of benthic phytomicroorganisms. International revue der gasanten hydrobiologic. - 50:475-604.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 ~

Highsmith, R. M. 1968. Water in R. M. Highsmith, ed., Atlas of the Pacific Northwest resources and development. Oregon State University Press,4th ed. NUS Corporation.1978. Review of Trojan Nuclear Plant nonradiological environmental monitoring program. Portland General Electric Co. PGE-1018. 84 pp. Pennak, R. W.1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. The ' Ronald Press, New York. 769 pp. Portland General Electric Company.1979. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1978. Portland General Electric Company.1980. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1979. Portland General Electric Company.1981. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1980. Portland General Electric Company. 1982. Operational ecological monitoring $ program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1981. L Portland General Electric Company.1983. Operational ecological monitoring i program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1982. , Portland General Electric Company.1984. Operational ecological monitoring c program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1983. , Raven, P. H., Ray Everet and Helena Curtis,1976. Biology of plants. Worth Publishers Inc., New York. f

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ~
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ?

V-2 _ __ _ _m_ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . - - _ _ - _ _ - _ _ ___m__.__ . _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _________ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .__ _ - - __.________.J

, n- ' l ;.l

 ^s.,                                                 Strickland, J.D.H. and T. R. Parsons.1968. A practical handbook of sea-water analysis.' Bulletin 167 Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Ottawa.

!!- USGS.1984. Pacific Northwest Monthly Streamflow Summary, J anusry through December. U.S. Geological Survey. Ward, H. and G. Whipple.1959. Freshwater biology,2nd ed. Johri Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 1248 pp. "'-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               .c,,

Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 4" - pp. zes.2032 e

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i. 1 - Trojan Operating License 2 - Environmental Protection Plan .

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APPENDIX A-1 FACILITY OPERATING LICENSE NPF-1 rr TROJ AN NUCLEAR PLANT ,7.L i PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY M DOCKET NO. 50-344 APPENOIX B, PART !! F ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN (NONRADIOLOGICAL) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

                                                                                                                                      $q 5k 1.0 Objectives of the Environmental Protection Plan d,.

The Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) is to provide for protection of l9 environmental values during construction and operation of the nuclear facility. The principal objectives of the EPP are as follows: g N*~

1. Verify that the plant is operated in an environmentally acceptable manner, as established by the FES and other NRC environmental y.

impact assessments.  ! j.

2. Coordinate NRC requirements and maintain consistency with other federal, state, and local requirements 'or environmental protection. Bw

3. Keep NRC informed of the environmental effects of facility ~

construction and operation and of actions taken to control those y effects. t.d Environmental concerns identified in the FES which relate to water quality matters are regulated by way of the licensee's NPDES Permit. 2.0 Environmental Protection issues n In the FES-OL, dated August 1973, the staff considered the environmental "[" impacts associated with the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Certain environmental issues were identified which required study or - license conditions to resolve environmental concerns and to assure adequate protection of the environment. The Appendix 8 Environmental Technical Specifications issued with the license included monitoring programs and other requirements to permit resolution of the issues. Prior to issuance of this EPP, the requirements remaining in the ETS related to: y{

l. Protection of the aquatic environment by limiting the rate of heat and ..

                                                                                                                                         ?
                                                    -      by limiting temperature and rate of liquid effluents discharged to the Columbia River (ETS 2.1).

2. Protection of aquatic life from chlorine used in plant operations (ETS 2.2) by dechlorination (ETS 2.2.1.2). [,

3. Limits on the discharge of phosphate, zinc, chromate, dissolved solids and acids, and bases (STS 2.2.2, 2.'2.3, and 2.2.4).

A-1

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A W p ., l 4. Surveillance programs for thermal plume mapping, water quality impingement, entrainment of ichthyoplankton, and discharge toxicity 'y to establish impact of plant operation on the aquatic environment (ETS 4.1).

                -                       Aquatic issues are now addressed by the effluent limitations and s                    monitoring requirements contained in the effective NPDES Permit issued by the State of-Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The NRC will rely on this agency and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for regulation of matters involving water quality and aquatic biota,

[ respectively. 2.1 Terrestrial Issues The ETS also contained programs related to protection of the terrestrial environment.

1. Surveillance programs of vegetation composition, bird census, small and large mammal distribution, and herbicide accumulation to investigat.e impact of plant operation on the terrestrial environment (ETS 4.1.2).

2. A special surveillance program to determine cooling tower plume characteristics and to assess its impact upon ground-level visibility (ETS 4.3.1).

3. Potential long-term impacts on the vegetation associated with' drift from the cooling tower (ETS 4.1.2).

The NRC re*quirements for Issues 1 and 2 have been completed and are terminated by the appraisal prepared in conjunction with -

         !                                      preparation of this EPP, The requirements with regard to. Issue 3 are specified in Subsection 4.2.1 of this EPP.

3.0 Consistency Requirements 3.1 Plant Design and Operation (- The licensee may make changes in station design or operation or perform tests or experiments affecting the environment, provided i such changes, tests, or experiments do not involve an unreviewed L environmental question and do not involve a change in the Environmental Protection Plan." Changes in plant design or

                .                                operation or performance of tests or experiments which do not affect the environment are not subject to the requirements of this EPP. Activities governed by Section 3.3 are not subject to the requirements of this section.

• This provision does not relieve the licensee of the requirements of 10 CFR 50.59.

1 I ( A-2

                                                                                                                                                                                     .ta Before engaging in construction or operational activities not requiring approval and which may affect the environment, the

• licensee shall prepare and record an environmental evaluation of such activity. When the evaluation indicates that such activity +

involves an unrevievted environmental question, the licensee shall: provide a written evaluation of such activities and obtain prior NRC - approval. When such activity involves a change in the Environmental @] Protection Plan, such activity and change to the Environmental C Protection Plan may be implemented only in accordance with an appropriate license amendment as set forth in Section 5.3. [q " D A proposed change, test, or experiment shall be deemed to involve an unreviewed environmental question if it concerns (1) a rnatter which - may result in a significant increase in any adverse environmental . impact previously evaluated in the Final Environmental Statement vi (FES) as modified by staff's testimony to the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board, supplements to the FES, environmental impact (g appraisals, or any decisions of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board; (2) a significant change in the types or a significant increase in the amounts of offluents or licensed power level in accordance with 10 CFR Part 51.5(b)(2); or (3) a matter 'not previously reviewed M and evaluated in the documents specified in (1) of this subsection i which may have a significant adverse environmental impact. The licensee shall maintain records of changes in facility design or yj operation and of tests and experiments carried out pursuant to this subsection. These records shallinclude a written evaluation which' provides bases for the determination that the change, test, or *J experiment does not involve an unreviewed environmental question.

• The licensee shall includ5 as part of its Annual Environmental Operating Report (per Subsection 5.4.1) brief descriptions, analyses, T, !

interpretations, and evaluations of such changes, tests, and hi experiments. 3.2 Reporting Related to the NPDES Permits and State Certifications ,. Violations of the NPDES Permit or the state certification (pursuant to Section 401 of the Clean Water Act) shall be reported to the NRC, [, Region V, by submittal of copies of the reports required by the E NPDES Permit or certification. Changes and additions to the NPDES Permit or the state "" certification shall be reported to the NRC, Region V, within 30 days following the date the change is approved. _ p: If a permit or certification, in part or in its entirety, is appealed and 'M stayed, NRC, Region V, shall be notified within 30 days following the date the stay is granted. Y NRC, Region V, shall be notified of changes to the effective NPDES

                                                                                                                                                                                       ".}

Permit proposed by the licensee by providing a copy of the proposed change at the same time it is submitted to the permitting agency. A-3 _----_--__---------------.a--,,. _ -- - - - - - - . - . - - - - - - - - - . - - - - .

                                                         ,    g            ,,

m- - s t . . 1 L  ! x-g.._ l v The licensee shall provide NRC, Region V, a copy of the application for renewal of the NPDES Permit at the same time the application is i submitted to the permitting agency. 3.3 Changes Required for Cor'npliance With Other Environmental

                 --                             Regulations
                                                                                 .a .                                                      >

Changes in plant design or operati$rPhnd performance of tests or experiments which are requiredl6 hIchieve c.ompliance with other , federal, state, or local environmental regulations are not subject to k the requirements of Section 3.1.

                     -~

4.0 Environmental Conditions 4.1 Unusual or Important Environmental Events Any occurrence of an unusual or important event that indicates or r ental impact causally related in could result in significant enviro'4m, plant operation shall be recorded an'd promptly reported to the NRC within 24 hours by telephone, telegrhph, or facsimile transmission I followed by a written report per Subsection 5.4.2. The following are examples: excessive bird impaction events, on-site plant or animai disease outbreaks, mortality or unusual occurrence of any species protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, fish kills, increase in nuisance organisms or conditions, and unanticipated or emergency discharge of waste water or chemical substances. , No routine monitoring programs are required to implement this condition. 4.2 Aerial Remote Sensing j Vegetation communities of the site and vicinity within 1 kilometer j (i km) of the cooling tower in all directions shall be aerially photographed to detect and assess the significance or damage, or

       ' [.                                      lack thereof, as related to cooling tower drift. Photography shall be p                              done by aerial overflight during late surnmer. Monitoring shall include a program of low-altitude multispectral photography. The
                  '              I                scale for full coverage shall be adequate to enable identification of vegetative damage over relatively small areas of terrain. Some circumstances may warrant inspection of photographs discerning l<.                            Individual trees. Such scale should be in the interval between 1:10,000 and 1:12,000, as appropriate to resolve impacted features.

7 Photographs shall be compared - n preoperational photographs to

                        "                         ascertain changed vegetation. Photographic interpretations shall Include correlation of data from ground inspection surveys with areas of stress and nonstress as observed on the photographs for purposes

[a of verification of results. I t e A-4

\ . :A ! nt A semiannual aerial photographic monitoring program has been under way at the Trojan plant for several years. The licensee shall l

     !                                  continue this program every two years for three additional periods,                    y and a report shall be submitted summarizing the results of each                        9 overflight as part of the annual report following each aerial photographic monitoring period. The reports of results shall encompass, but not be limited to, a description of the program, time                J of day, film types, spectral bands, and one set of color prints of the                ,

area within approximately a 1-km radius of the cooling tower. t P This requirement shall be terminated following submission of the " results of the third additional overflight. 5.0 Administrative Procedures L]) 5.1 Review and Audit The licensee shall provide for review and audit of compliance with "' the Environmental Protection Plan. The audits shall be conducted independently of the individual or groups responsible for performing ., the specific activity. A description of the organization structure  ; - utilized to achieve the independent review and audit function and u results of the audit activities shall be maintained and made available for inspection. Records Retention

                                                                                                                       ]I 5.2                                                                       ,

Records and logs relative to the environmental aspects of plant [- 2 operation shall be made and retained in a manner convenient for review and inspection.' These records and logs shall be made available to the NRC on request. -

                                                                                                                          ]

t. ;

Records required by Subsection 3.1 shall be retained for the life of the plant. All other records, data, and logs relating to this EPP shall 7; be retained for five years or, where applicable, in accordance with 4 the requirements of other agencies. 5.3 Changes in Environmental Protection Plan w 8 Request for change in the Environmental Protection Plan shall include an assessment of the environmentalimpact of the proposed g; change and a supporting justification. Implementation of such ,Q

                                                                                                                       ~

changes in the EPP shall not commence prior to NRC approval of the proposed changes in the form of a license amendment incorporating the appropriate revision to the Environmental Protection Plan.  ; ud. AJ 5.4 Plant Reporting Requirements 5.4 1 Routine Reports ,g

                                                                                                                             ]

An Annual Environmental Operating Report describing implementation of this EPP for the previous year , A-5 ne-4a ___-m___ _.m_____-___. -_

I t. y

  .'I                                                       shall be submitted to the NRC prior to May I of each year.

The initial report shall be submitted prior to May 1,1983. 'i l- The report shall include summaries and analyses of the i. results of the environmental protection activities required by Subsection 4.2 of this Environmental Protection Plan for the report period, including a comparison with preoperational studies, operational controls (as appropriate), and previous - nonradiological environmental monitoring reports, and an assessment of the observed impacts of the plant operation on i' the environment. If harmful effects or evidence of trends toward irreversible damage to the environment are observed, the licensee shall provide a detailed analysis of the data and a proposed course of action to alleviate the problem. The Annual Environmental Operating Report shall also [ include:

1. A list of EPP Noncompliance and the corrective actions

+ taken to remedy them.

2. A list of all changes in station design or operation, tests, and experiments made in accordance with Subsection 3.1 which involved a potentially significant unreviewed L environmental issue.

3. A list of nonroutine reports submitted in accordance .

l with Subsection 5.4.2. i In the event that some results are not available by the report due date, the report shall be submitted noting and expliiining the missing results. The missing data shall be submitted as soon as possible in a supplementary report. L, 5.4.2 Nontoutine Reports e A written report shall be submitted to the NRC within la 30 days of occurrence of nonroutine event. The report shall (a) describe, analyze, and evaluate the event, including extent and magnitude of the impact and plant operating characteristics; (b) describe the probable cause of the event;

             , .a                                            (c) indicate the action taken to correct the reported event; (d) indicate the corrective action taken to preclude rx                                                  repetition of the event and to prevent similar occurrences b'*

involving similar components or systems; and (e) indicate the agencies notified and their preliminary responses. i Events reportable under this subsection which also require h reports to other federal, state, or local agencies shall be reported in accordance with those reporting requirements in l lieu of the requirements of this subsection. The NRC shall be provided a copy of such report at the same time it is [ submitted to the other agency. A-6 l j

                                                      ~_          _ ~ _ .                              -          -  -

-)

l V.1 l .a APPENDIX A-2 .; l ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN i PROGRAM ELEMENTS A. AQUATIC PROGRAM u . Principal concerns for the effects of Trojan operation on the aquatic habitats are discharges of warmed effluents containing specific chemicals. ' These discharges are controlled by the Trojan NPDES Perrnit and its ~ monitoring requirements. This Environmental Protectior. , tan, directly or indirectly, monitors receiving water bodies for potential impacts. , Some physical and chemical parameters will be measured for L upstream-downstream variability. Others will be measured for mixing zone effects. Surveys will be made to monitor possible changes in fish populations or behavior due to plant operations. - 1.0 Columbia River Water Quality Monitoring the receiving stream for plant effluents is required by the ~l Department of Energy OAR 345-26-060(3). Water quality and I biological communities are most vulnerable to perturbations during . summer and late fall when low flows and higher ambient water , temperatures prevail. Water quality monitoring of the Columbia River will be limited to that period.  ; Monthly samples will be made for a five-month period each sumrner I after the Columbia River average daily flows as measured at The d Dalles dam are less than 200,000 cfs for five consecutive days. In some years sampling will commence in June and extend into October; , other years will include J uly through November. Samples will be taken at two previously established stations (B and C) .- on each of three transects (RM 72.0,72.4,73.7, Figure 11- 1).  :  ! Parameters to be measured at each station are temperature, pH, Li conductivity, total alkalinity, chlorophyll a,_ and c, phaeophytina, and dissolved oxygen. Vertical profiles at the B and C stations o.11y will include pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, depth, and []

3. , ,

Secchi disk readings. Vertical measurements will be made within and , I outside the mixing zone.

                                                                                                                                 .b 2.0  Columbia River Fish Behavior The behavior of fishes,in response to the operation of the Trojan plant                       i is monitored using an echosonic technique which maps the distribution of fish upriver and downriver of the mixing zone. At locations                                 ;

indicated on Figure 11-11, surveys will be conducted during periods of d ' known anadromous fish migrations. At least four surveys per year will , be conducted to monitor the movement of shad, eulachon, and salmonids. l A-7 1 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l

7

                              ,                                                   ,                                               7. _ _

0: k 2.1 Columbia River Fish Impingement at the Intake Structure 5 j. Monitoring the efficiency of the intake structure to protect I fisheries resources is required by OAR 345-26-060(2). Inspections of the intake traveling screen washwater will be l7 made weekly throughout the year. Additional surveillance / will be initiated immediately upon any ' (daily, abnormal increase o f impinged fish. Concerned agencies will be if necessgy) L notified of such an occurrence, t: 3.0 Recreation Lake Fish Survey Fish will be monitored as a resource in the recreation lake and :sr possible impacts from the discharge related to plant activities. Twice a year, a variable panel gill net will be set in the recreation b'; lake (Figure 111-4). Species collected, length, wet weight, and physical i condition will be meas ~ured or noted. 4.0 Recreation Lake Benthos Survey Benthic organisms will be monitored to describe their composition and abundance. Unusual fluctuations in species composition and/or total I- population densities will be viewed as possible indications of point source pollution and general water quality. Results of these . Investigations will be related to plant activities and to the continued suitability of the lake as a recreational facility. Samples will be taken at six-week intervals at two locations on the lake. Four replicates will be taken at each station with a ponar grab [~ dredge. B. TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM i' Nonradiological effects of Trojan power plant operation on surrounding terrestrial habitat are primarily restricted to physical impacts from human activity and potential deleterious effects of salt deposition on vegetation from the cooling tower plume. The following terrestrial monitoring program is designed to directly and indirectly measure these potential ['- impacts. Remote sensing techniques will be implemented to assess the general habitat condition of the area. Bird census results will provide an indirect measure of habitat quality, and salt drift studies will provide a ) direct measure of cooling tower plume salt load and its distribution in the  ! {- Trojan area.

 ,                                                        5.0    Aerial Photography                                                                  j Annual documentation of vegetation communitbss surrounding the Trojan Nuclear Plant by means of aerial photography has provided baseline information on regional habitat conditiens since 1974. This

[L photographic information has also provided a historic record for detection of broad changes in community composition, growth I patterns, and plant pigmentation. A-8 I 1 j

True color and multispectral aerial photographs will be obtained twice annually from large-scale (1:2500) and small-scale (1:7500) , perspectives to evaluate specific targets and gross morphology, i respectively. The areas photographed include land along the Columbia River between RM 70 and 76 and an area encompassing the Tide 'i'l1 Creek control area. Large-scale analyses will be conducted in areas where ground truth verification can be implemented if necessary. ] t 6.0 Salt Drift 1 The primary objective of this program element is to monitor  ;~; deposition of inorganic mineralp in the Trojan area by chemical analysis of precipitation collected from several previously established sites (Figure 111-3). Stations are located to identify the extent of Trojan cooling tower influence and possibly determine other sources "] of mineral deposition. Results from these analyses will provide a direct measure of salts added by the cooling tower plume to the surrounding environs and provide support data for the interpretation p of aerial photographs. d Precipitation samples will be collected monthly and analyzed for pH, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, silica, and ' total alkalinity.

                                                                                                                                                             .g 7.0 Birds Bird populations will be censused to determine community composition and density in various habitats in the Trojan area. This                                           :

program element will provide a measure of habitat quality and ' indirectly assess changes in habitat structure.

                                                                                                                                             ~
                                                                                                                                                                     }'

A strip count methodology will be utilized to census birds. Counts - will be taken along a previously established transect surrounding the Trojan plant, including coniferous forest, mixed forest, marsh, and - open habitats (Figure 111-4). The census will be conducted annually in .! late May to assess summer resident and late spring migrant populations. During this period, data collection is maximized due to , the presence of both resident and transient birds, and detection is i optimized because of an increase in auditory cues (ie, singing). Three L replicate samples will represent counts taken on three consecutive days within four hours after sunrise. l '] LJ 8.0 Incidental Observations incidental observations will be recorded during regularly scheduled b field activities to document the occurrence of various natural " phenomena. Unusual occurrences of flora and fauna (eg, rare species), seasonal changes in abundance, timing of various species migrations i (eg, swans), severe environmental conditions (eg, storms, finods, @d changes in land use), and bird collisions with Trojan facilities will be noted when observed. p 4 4 a zes.2032 A-9

                                                                                                                                                           .e

e f'- . i l s:r t. l Ie i ( I~ Appendix B Columbia River I I Water Quality

 .l.

b.,

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APPENDIX B Columbia River Water Quality . 1 - Subsurface Water Quality 2 - J une 1988 Vertical Proflies

       '                                                                             3 - July 1988 Vertical Profiles

t. 4 '- August 1988 Vertical' Profiles 5 - September 1988 Vertical Profiles .

( 6 - October 1988 Vertical Profiles

       -l                                                                            7 - Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Pigments
                                                                                    . 8 - Mean Monthly Chlorophyll Pigments ,

9 - Columbia and Willamette River Flow Data , e i

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_ 39777 00000 54001 6 Y _ 00969 D

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    '}';                                                                Appendix     C                   4 F                                                                 Recreation Lake
                                                                                               ~

Benthic Invertebrates e (.

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                                  . . .. . -- :--- - - - - - - - - - ----c.---=--
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l!!l APPENDIX C Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates

       ,f             ,                                          1 - Benthic Density, March

• 2..- Benthic Density, May

                                                                ') - Benthic Density, July                                                          -

4 - Benthic Density, August 5 - Benthic Density, September I' -- 6 - Benthic Densl&,, October 7 - Benthic Density, December 8 - Subsurface Water Quality - (.

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Table C-1. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake l for March 8,1988. Station 1 Station 2 3 Taxa Number /m Number /m Ud Culicidae 11 87 ,, Chironomidae 174 348- ,! Oligochaeta 98 54 Total Mean Density 282 488 Number of Replicates 4 4 Total Taxa per Station 3 3 7 L.o

              - Mean Depth (m)                             4.0                   5.0 c

Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 i' L' Collected (L) vm (O4 Table C-2. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake ;2 for May 3,1988. j Station 1 Station 2 ~ 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m ",}r

                                                                                                                                                ~~

Culicidae 0 65 Chironomidae 76 282 .

']

Oligochaeta 500 261 - 'O Total Mean Density 576 609 ., Number of Replicates 4 4 fj Total Taxa per Station 2 3 Mean Depth (m) 4 5 , Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 rf, Collected (L) }:}: em "

                                                                 .                                                                              c .2 FN
                                                                                                                                                 . a.

f a b O 6 _m._._m _ _ . _m.__ _ _ - . _ .___._ _._______

1 i _7, tb r (. Table C-3. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for July 6,1988. i

    !'                                                      Station i         Station 2 2                 2 l                                     Taxa                  Number /m         Number /m
    ,-                Culleidae                                   0                 0 l

l h Chironomidae 11 76 Oligochaeta 109 32 l Total Mean Density 120 109 Number of Replicates 4 4 f." Total Taxa per Station 2 2 1 Mean Depth (m) 4.5 5.5 l <- j: Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L) I1. ( Table C-4. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for August 5,-1988. Station 1 Station 2 2 2

    )                                 Taxa                 Number /m         Number /m Culicidae                                  11                22
                                                                                              ~

Chironomidae 32 294

     '                Oligochaet'a
                                .                                !!                43 i                Total Mean Density                         54              359
   -(                 Number of Replicates                        4                 4 Total Taxa per Station                      3                 3
        -.            Mean Depth (m)                              4.0               5.0 Mean Volume of Substrate                    2                 2 i

L _. Collected (L) t r I i L { L ( . i.

f Table C-5. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for September 13,1988. Station 1 Station 2  ? 2 2 .- Taxa Number /m Number /m 1 Culleidae 11 11 Chironomidae 32 76 Oligochaeta 0 22 , Total Mean Density 43 108 Number of Replicates 4 4 j Total Taxa per Station 2 3 i$ lM Mean Depth (m) 3.5 4.5 'l Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 [h1 b-Collected (L) vm

                                                                                                                                                                           .Gl Table C-6. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for October 12,1988.                                 ,

Station 1 Station 2 i 2 < Taxa _ Number /m Number /m , Culleidae 0 0 _ Chironomidae 32 43 , Oligochaeta 22 55 Total Mean Density 54 98 .i Number of Replicates 4 4 Total Taxa per Station 2 2 ;j Mean Depth (m) 4.5 5.5 y. 2 R Mean Volume of Substrate 2 Collected (L) a W e

L +..

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[l. ' Table C-7. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for December 2,1988. .cc

 * ~

Station 1 Station 2 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Culicidae 0 21 Chironomidae 32 350 Oligochaeta 32 87 [ Total Mean Density Number of Replicates 64 4 4% 4 E 0 Total Taxa per Station 2 3 Mean Depth (m) 4.5 5.5 f7 L' Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L) i. i e E

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        'i Table C-8. Recreation lake benthos tubsurface chemical data. 1988.

• lI Date Parameter __

Station l Station - 2 1,j March 8 pH, 7.8 7.8- r, I Temperature (*C) 9.5 9.2 s.i f Conductivity (umhos/cm) 142 :125 . Secchi (cm) - - il , :- T9 l May 3 pH- 7.8 7.8 Temperature (*C) 12.7 12.5 4-Conductivity (umhos/cm) Secchi (cm) 140 69 122-- 72 h F. July 6- pH 7.1 7.3 IN Temperature (*C) 19.7 19.4 Conductivity (pmhos/cm) 125 120 [.L Secchi (cm) 103 100 @ n ' September 13 pH 8.7 8.4 Temperature (*C) 19.3 19.1 " Conductivity (pmhos/cm) !16 117 .- Secchi (cm) !2 52 ' ,H O October 12 pH ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       .9 Temperature (*C)                                        16.7          16.2                  ; . .#

Conductivity (umhos/cm) - - - '"" Secchi (cm) 54 65 ,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       !, h O'

December 6 pH 7.3 7.4 Temperature (*C) 6.8 6.6 g;j Conductivity (pmnos/cm) 138 117 glj Secchi (cm) !10 77

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       ,q zes.2032                                                                                                                                                                                                    [$1
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   .                                   Fish Impingement

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e {.) r.- I f.[ t-t - I APPENDIX D Fish Impingement

                                                                ! - Fish Species and Frequency 2 - Fish Data - Length and Weight l.

o O O 1. s a c c. 4 i r . 1 O L4

                                                                                                                                                                                .- 3
                                                                                                                                                                             ,'i   .

l Table D-1. Fishimpingement,Trojanintakestructure. 1988. Species Jan Feb Mar gr M Jun Jul 3 A Seg Oct Nov Dec Total

   ,                                                                                                                                                                         c-)

hierican Shad (Juvenile) 9 1 2 12 4y Alosa sapidissima 1 Anerican Shad (Adult) 1 1 alo>a sapidissima Dace 1 1 Rhinichthys sp. I ._, > Mottled Sculpin 1 1 Cottus bairdi L. Goldfish 1 1 7 ., Carassius auratus j]

                         -                                                                                                                                                   ,w Unidentified Salmonid                 1                                                                                    1 Large Scale Sucker                        1    I                                                                           2 Catostomuj,macrocheilus Prickly Sculpin                           2          1   1   1    1                                                        6                                                     .,

Cottus asper Columbia River Smelt 35 35 j Thaleichthys pacificus .J Steelhead (smolt) 2 3 5 Salmo cairdneri ...* Sand Roller 1 1 Percopsis transmontana j

                                                                                                                                                                              ,      . .i Starry Flounder                                              1                                                             1 Platiethys stellatus                                                                                                                                                             ,!

i.J Yellow Perch 1 1 Perca flavescens . 68 - ~l Total Fish 12 0 1 38 3 5 2 2 2 0 1 2 {Il?

                                                                                                                                                                             ~ ]

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               +

Table 0-2. Fish' data,(lengthandweight)offishimpingedattheTrojanintakestructure. 1988. SDecies 'Jan Feb Mar Aor May Sep 'Oct

    . h.[..

Jun .,Jul Auo Nov Dec a

                                                                                                                                                          ,,f!ea.n.,_

v;: Starry Flounder l Platiethys stellatus [ "' , , . , i 1 Number -

                                                                                                         - 1. 0                                       .        1.0 Fork length (m)
        . - -                  Mean                                                                      10.0                                                10.0
        '{J-                   Low Range                                                                 10.0                                                10.0 High Range                                                                10.0                                                10.0 Weight (g) p'                  -Mean                                                                         9.8                                                  9.8

[.;. Low Range 9.8 9.8 High Range 9.8 9.8 [l . Prickly Sculpin Cottus gp ge i n, Number 1.0 1.0 Fork length (cm) h-. Mean 13.5 13.5 Low Range 13.5 13.5 High Range 13.5 13.5 Weight (g) .

     .I' ~

Mean 37.0 ~ 37.0 Low Range 37.0 37.0 , f High Range 37.0 37.0 Goldfish Carassius auratus -

             . . .           Nunber                           1.0                                                           .                                  1.0 Fork length (on)'                                                                                                                         

Mean 25.0 25.0 Low Range 25.0 25.0 High Range 25.0 25.0 Weight (g) b'; Mean * * (( Low Range High Range

• L. i,,

Sand Roller Percopis transmontana

        ..-                 Number                                                                   1.0                                                       1.0 Fork length (cm)

Mean 10.8 10.8

               ;,              Low Range                                                            10.8                                                     10.8

• High Range 10.8 10.8 Weight (g)

Mean 21.2 21.2

        !'                     Low Range                                                           21.2                                                     21.2 l'                     High Range                                                           21.2                                                     21.2
          "~

• Fish decon1 posing - no weights taken.

e.a-

                                                        - _ _ _ _ _ - -   __n_ __

_-_-__--.__;_7_. 7__-- C. itb1e0-2. (cone) ,1 ; Species 'Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun -Jul M Sep Oct Nov Dec 'Mean' 9 1:i

         , Yellow Perch                                                                                                                                                      "

Perca flavescens- , s

            .Nunber                                                                                                    1                                             1        /

Ftrk length (cm) Mean 20.3 20.3 Low Range 20.3 20.3 ] High Range 20,3 20.3 ;g Weight (g) .

              .Mean                                                                                                103.0                                         103.0 . ,
             -Low Range                                                                                            103.0                                         103.0.E$
             .High Range                                                                                           103.0                                         103.0 **U

Unidentified Salmonid :Q Number 1.0 1.0 !!lj Ferk length (cm)

Mean 7.5 7.5 n Low Range 7.5 7.5 f;4 High Range' 7.5 7 . 5 ' . ' "' Weight (g) , , ,

                                                               *                                                                                                       *     ' gu mean Low Range ~
                                                     *       '*                                                                                                        *;     ;.-]

High Range .

         'St:elhead          .

Salmo cairdneri. .- Number- 1.0 3.0 , 2.0 Fork length (cm) n. Mean 18.5 21.5 20.0 C J Low Range 18.5 20.0- 19.3 High Range 18.5 22.5 20.5 Q Weight (g) @ Mean 58.0 75.4 66.7

              . Low Range                                                    58.0        62.2                                                                     60,1       p.,

High Range 58.0 84.0 71.0 5Fi 61 N

• Fish decomposing - no weights taken. (*3 ii

                                                                                                                                                                           ' ($d h

s.i e mra Y - u a_w_-----._-----_a--_-

l .l' 9 e 1 r 6

• L cn h.z Appendix E Salt Drift Precipitation .

e I i

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W k m. 6 I. . L .

   .j-i f-1:

i. ' -

APPENDIX E Salt Drift Precipitation 1 - Monthly Precipitation Chemical Composition 2 - Monthly pH

                                              ') - Monthly Total Alkalinity                                            -

h e l l

                   .______1._____._____..

1 CT 0 OS L/ Y. E 4 TR 3 AA 2 T 4 8C - 8 8E D 9N 1/

     .          G O          ,K N         R ES T         8A R         M O         ED P         CE E         ES R         DS E

UR RP HX TE YD 02519567892576043300722108850512414515 RN S2 94554795608043804569379494283884768256 AA N1 73769784147500463495061267908213171936 U O . . . . ND I 123 12 1 2322 2211 2111 1 AE T JT A A A T . T ML S 24524957427293139699159783300872824064 A OU 1 23065132951902172072285965723650363460 D RC FL R1 O 421708.G.2006070411430020047802014610302 . . 123 2 N A T 132 11 1 O YC C - CI L E - IT NE L - RI TR TS NA L O 5354225948714176572'4305011375764630902 71253327055861554232308050028976006893 CO O C9 32171102107280412221030358602035600304 EP MS .. . . . 2 LM E N 133 11 123 1 EO DU O C EL I L TA T AL CV RA E A T 089962030019929252723627'2726389613034'8 01095962058322950930255928126612545270 EC L '. I7 42161702107370311297020046602015740401 . NI LT P . . . . . EM ON I 132 11 122 1 2 GE CA C . . H L E DC SP R - P N AM' LR L8 E PA 6 91%500651%5373198399950790574998174898 04 968462 6316235148875251184996613560 01346909209593762343471157034004752402 ' TT ME . 229 3 2 RT AL 51 343 13 2 OA SC 1 PT U . I NN P O 29435102884988047158312650229199914599 I IN 49872313064212582028208684733040984085 C TA 3 41045603107670411548030467604135640401 . . . . E AJ . . 2 R TO 122 1 122 1 P IR PT < I _ CE 86393586823155039757518232301629449857 EH RT P 2 40074531963372703242233932%.21672911830 32168403009200421559091047 02004510001 2 F 122 22 - 122 6 1 FO O Y 87887866113340535893423457741787442469 23110728076233849260219027023545453345 ST _ II 52179303107390521818030160802014620200 . SN 1 . . . YI 122 11 132 11 2 LC _ AI _ NV A E LH _ AT C _ IN _ MI - E _ 9 H MM _ 8 C R MM MM MM MM MM

     /              LE        UU E               UU E             UU E              UU E                 UU E                   UU 6              AT     MII DE MII DE MII DE MII DE MII DE MII 1              CE     USSMITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSS IESURACIESURACIESURACIESURACIESURACIES
     /              IM 2              MA     CNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOFICNA

_ 0 ER LGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGT HA AAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAO

CP CMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMP

_ E T A D S YS S S S S YY RY Y Y Y Y T RA AA A A A A R M AD UD HD LD D D O T U- R- C- I - - E- - P N N4 B6 R3 R9 Y9 N3 _ E O AG E8 A3 l 1 P8 L2) U3) f

 +                   1         CT 0         OS Y.

L/ E - .. 4 TR 3 AA 2 ' T 4 8C 2 8E D 9N 1/ O .~,KG r N R ES T 8A R M O ED t' CE E ES R DS E UR ~ RP NX _. TE . - YD - 03669282593195886739597910717871328429 RN S2 4610102113G812775932525398272500155448 AA N1 78600000000524777006267900000010855715 U O . . ND I ~ 1 1 2 1 410575 AE T 1

                            . JT     A A        A T                                                                                                           .

T ML A,tOU t S 1

                                          '66997177513796678248227327162804934391 07630320550224825045908115148530392859 D RC       R1   34601011080101115020845100000040201853 O

FL . . . . . . . . . N A T 1 1 12 O YC C CI L E IT NE L - RI TR L 29560975777550572067593376199745323100 TS NA O 32963009095835837051203174684940321236 CO O C9 46400011100004013051534101040020512086 EP MS . . . . . . . . LM E N 1 1 - 113

       -             EO DU           O C EL       I                                                 <

L TA T ' AL CV A 34347657823526677111912680863803470690 RA E T- 64742260310124616035962218068420052774 EC L . I7 35501001080200115030034300010040512569 NI LT P . . . . . . EM ON 1'2 I 1 1 GE H CA I C E DC SP R - N E P 78320996620663665337561255368931312360 AN LR 12986556160858666017355814013280195679 _ LO PA 6 45704001070100116052178730000020894036 TI ME . . . . . RT AL 1 1 1 3 4 342 OA SC - PT U I NN P O 49625977050611771279195597097882201131 I IN 04079188360828304037605713151420395946 C TA 3 34509000060100118040143701001050713336 E AJ . . . . . . . R TO 1 1 123

            ,             P IR PT I

CE 64211876294236772550535556767382046995 EH 53018118470813007174607917049430128121 RT 2 12800010090000113010033500001650311334 P . . . . . . F 123 FO O Y 30446987752202713947595887977871403887 ST 94048142250612679035693939040480440141 II 24200001060000002020024800001050312538 SN 1 . . . YI 1 122 LC AI NV A E LH AT C IN MI E 9 H 8 C R MM MM MM MM MM

                      /              LE      E             UU E           UU E               UU E                   UU E           UU E 6               AT      DE MII DE MII DE MII DE MII                                                   DE MII DE 1               CE   MITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSSMITAUSSMIT
               .      /              IM   URACIESURACIESURACIESURACIESURACIESURA 2               MA   IOF.ICNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOFICNAIOF 0               ER   DLILLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLLLLGTDLL HA   OHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHUIAAOOHU

CP SCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCSSCMPSCS E

_ T A R D S S ES S RS Y Y 8Y RY EY T A TA MA EA 8A R M D SD ED 8D MD

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               .        G O        ,K N       R ES T       BA R       M O       ED P       CE E       ES R       DS E

UR RP HX TE - YD 89704325 RN S2 32099477 AA N1 86616401 U O . ND I 1 1224 AE T JT A A A T T ML S 18752595 A OU 1 34812180 D RC R1 01018350 FL O . . N A T 11 O YC C CI L E - IT HE I RI TR L 10628538 TS NA O 65969422 CO O C9 00332833 EP MS LM E N 2

• 112 EO DU O C EL I L TA T .

AL CV A 16877234 RA E T 34975371 EC L . I7 02000890 NI LT P EM ON I 111 GE CA C H L E DC SP R . N E - P 83620328 . AN LR 85203299 - LO PA 6 14211743 TI ME . . RT AL 21 115 OA SC PT U I NN P O 87996745 I IN 56089827 C TA 3 02130910 E AJ . . R TO 112 P IR PT I CE 11300437 EH 31123830 RT 2 12111876 6 P . . F 111 FO O Y 20166135 ST 63401093 - II SN YI LC 1 02114350 121 AI NV A E LH AT C IN MI E 9 H 8 C R MM

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 +'O                 Table E-2. pH (standard units) in precipitation samples collected near the Trojan Plant.

1988.

9 Kelley's . Cool. Met. Trojan Rainier Farm Prescott Tower Tower Goble Kalama Forest Month 1 2 . 3 6 7 9 11 , 12 [ Jan 4.9 4.9 4.7 ' 6.1 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.8 l Feb 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.6 ' 4.5 ($. Mar 4.4 5.0 4.6 5.7 4.7 5.0 4.6 6.3

           ..        Apr        4.2       7.1         6.1         4.6       4.2         4.4                   4.2               7.3 May        4.5       4.9         5.0         4.7       4.8         4.5                   4.6               6.7 J un       4.0       6.3         5.3         6.2       4.6          5.7                  4.7               6.4 p"~ .-           J ul       4.9       4.7         4.9         5.1       5.0      ,6.4                      5.0              5.7 Aug        4.8       4.8         5.0         4.9       5.2       ", 5.7                   5.2              6.8
      ^7             Sep         4.9      4.9         5.0         6.4       5.1          6.7                   4.9              7.1 Oct         5.0      5.0         5.2         5.1       5.8          6.3                   5.2              5.7 Nov         4.6      4.6         5.0         6.4       4.8          6.7                   4.8              7.0 j~              Dec         4.8      4.9         4.6         4.4 -     4.8          6.7.                  4.8              7.0 1

Mean 4.6 5.1 5.0 5.4 4.9 5.5 4.8 6.2 1 l

     .               Std Dev     0.3      0.8         0.4         0.8       0.4          0.8                   0.3 '            O.9 l     L g.
       ? ,.. j L        p l         .%

V s 4

_ .r . ;r; , ,

                                                                                                                                                                              -- - - 7
                                                                                                                                                                            .       ~

a

                                                                                                                                                                                    ~ ~!

Table E-3. Total alkallnity (mg/L as CACO3) in precipitation samples collected near the Trojan Plant.1988. Kelley's Cool. Met. Trojan "' . Rainier Farm Prescott Tower Tower Goble Kalama Forest "

                                           ~ Month                                            _6              7         9                          11                 12

_l 2 _

                                                                                     '3 J an           (1         (1          (1            1           <1        (1 (1             <!           $:a Feb            (1         (1          (1           <1           (!        <1                               (1            (1 Mar            <l         (1          <1           <1           <1        (l                               (1              6           ,

Apr <1 10 1 <! l (1 (1 13 m W L May (i <l <1 (1 <1 (l (1 4 Jun <l 2 (1 2 (1 1 <1 5 [] iw J ul <1 (1 (1 <1 (1 3 <1 (1 Aug (1 () (1 (1 (1 (l (1 19 - Sep (1 <1 <1 2 (1 4 <1 33 Oct (1 <!' (1 <1  ! 5 <1 (1 Nov <1 <1 (1 2 (l (l 12 Dec (l (1 (! * (1 (1 6 (1 1 p I . .' g t 4 9 fr~. e w. i L.i N: LG I i, d a,

                                                                                                                                                                                    }

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s- . e. u. a:. e t

      ., J c'". .
   =!                                 Appendix F Recreation Lake
                                                           ~

Fish O t

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                . ap
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r e- ,

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I {.. I i t I l i } ! I I .i e l

i t 5

O' w i 1 I  ! f

l. -

APPENDIX F Recreation Lake Fish 1 - Species Catch Data - July 2 - Species Catch Data - October 3 - Species Length / Weight Relations - July t 4 - Species Length / Weight Relations - October i I. f (. I I

         )

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                     ,W
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Table F-1. Recreation lake gill net catch data, number and percent. J uly 6-7, s.. 1988. ~ Species Number Percent .

      ' Yellow perch (Perca flavescens)                                                                                                                                         4                    13.8-Carp (CYDrinus CarDio)                                                                                                                                                  2                      69            n) d 1.n Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)                                                                                                                                          3                    10.4 Yellow bullhead fictalurus natalis)                                                                                                                                      1                     3.4         .

6.9 ** Black crapple (Pomoxis nlaromaculatus) ' 2 Northern squawfish (Ptychochellus oreaonensis) 1 3.4 es og White crapple (Pomoxis annularis) 15 51.8 72 Prickly sculpin (Cottus ,a__see_r) l 3.4 Total Number 29 C'1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        #1 Table F-4. Recreation lake gill net catch data, number and percent.                                                                                                                                         .. ,

October 11-12,1988. Species Number Percent {Il Largemouth bass (Microoterus salmoldes) 6 16.3 Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) 4 10.8 Carp (Cyprinus carpio) 4 10.8 Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) 9 24.3 fj Goldfish (garassius auratus) 2 5.4 b Black crappie (Pomoxis nlaromaculatus) 1 2.7 vc White crapple (Pomoxis annularis) 9 24.3 $ Prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) 1 2.7 , Yellow bullhead (Ictalurus natalis) l 2.7 { Total Number 37 '?:.t

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ;L 4
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            ^
 .                                                                                                                                                                                                                    s m%

c , .

                                  . r-  .- nz -- -- . - = ,   -

,- -,c f i Table F-3. Recreation lake catch data, length and weight. July 6-7,1988.

          .                                                      Number     Fork                   Wet       Condition i                                            Species        Measured Lenoth (cm) Welaht (a) Factor (K) Sex

. . f[ ~ Yellow perch 1 12.0 22.5 1.30 " (- (Perca flavenscens) i- l , Bluegill 3 12.0 35.1 2.03 * (Lepomis macrochirus) 11.0 32.9 2.47 j; (. 12.0 35.2 2.04 *

         <'                          Yellow bullhead                1         19.0                   89.5        1.30
      -[                             (Ictalurus natalis)

White crapple 15 15.7 47.0 1.21 * (Pomoxis annularis) 15.0 42.3 1.25

            . - -                                                             ! 5.5                   52.3        1.40 16.7                   58.1         1.25
             ~

15.7 50.7 1.31 15.5 48.6 1.31 46.7 " 15.7 1.21 14.5 40.6- 1.33 1 15.0 48.7 1.44 L ' 15.0 44.7 1.32 " 16.5 55.8 1.24 - 15.5 41.5 1.11 15.5 50.2 1.35

                                          .                                   14.7                   43.8         1.38 I6.0                    52.0        1.27 I                           Northern Squawfish             !        40.0                  776.0       ~1.21     M (Ptychocheilus oreaonensis) c Carp                                                                                "

2 42.0 1330.0 - 1.80 (Cvorinus carpio) 44.0 1338.0 1.57 F t

Black Crappie 2 13.0 36.2 1.65

• l'" (Pomoxis nlaromaculatus) 12.5 31.1 1,59 *

v. _

• Undetermined.

I., -

                                                                                                                                                                                                           .--+

0) Table F-4. Recreation lake catch data, length and weight. October 11-12,  ! 1988. Number Fork Wet Condition L Species Measured Length (cm) Welaht (a) Factor (K) Sex Goldfish 2 20.5 186.0 2.16 F U (Carassius auratus) 28.0 45.0 2.05 ~F t!l Yellow Perch 4 18.5 67.0 1.06 F y (Perca flavesce'ns) 9.5 11.0 1.28 i 17.0 54.0 1.10 F 15.5 44.0 1.18 F m White crapple 6 20.0 100.0 1.25 M (Pomoxis annularis) 9.0 8.0 1.10 9.0 8.0 1.10 7'] 9.0 8.0 1.10 " N.4 8.7 8.0 1.21 10.0 13.0 1.30 gy Bluegill 8 12.5 40.0 2.05' (Lepomis macrochirus) 11.5 35.0 2.30 12.5 40.0 2.05

• P' 13.5 53.0 2.15 13.5 60.0 2.44 .

12.5 45.0 2.30

                                                              .                                                                          13.5                       57.0     2.32

• h

                                                                                                                      ,                  12.5                       45.0     2.30      ,

Largemouth bass. 4 9.2 9.5 1.22 1] (Micropterus salmoldes) 20.0 104.0 1.30 - M w 9.5 11.0 1.28 10.5 13.0 1.12 g-- Black crapple . I 16.5 71.0 1.58 M (Pomoxis nlaromaculatus) ,_ , [.; Yellow bullhead 1 19.3 88.0 1.22 F 'G (Ictalurus natalis)

w Carp 4 47.0 1610.0 1.55 F [.I (Cyprinus carolo) 44.5 1556.0 1.77 M 43.0 1210.0 1.52 M e;2 39.5 1083.0 1.76 M 91 w

Prickly sculpin 1 12.5 23.0 1.18 ,, (Cottus asper)  ;. L

• Undetermined.

Gadudsy. 4

4' Portland General Electric Company 1 David W. Cc,ckfield Vice President, Nuclear May 1, 1989 Trojan Nuclear Plant Docket 50-344 License NPF-1 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ATTN: Document Control Desk Washington DC 20555

Dear Sir:

Annual Environmental Operating Report In accordance with the Trojan Technical Specifications. Appendix B, enclosed i's a copy of Portland General Electric Company's, " Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant - Annual Report". .

• Sincerely,
• Attachment I

c: Mr. John B. Martin Regional Administrator, Region V U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( Mr. William T. Dixon (w/o attach) l' State of Oregon Department of Energy I Mr. R. C. Barr WRC Resident Inspector - Trojan Nuclear Plant l l l 1

                                                                  . ;p , - +.c a , - 7, , a 7;, ,.

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