ML20141D886
| ML20141D886 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Trojan File:Portland General Electric icon.png |
| Issue date: | 06/24/1997 |
| From: | PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20141D884 | List: |
| References | |
| PGE-1070, PGE-1070-R, PGE-1070-R00, NUDOCS 9706300055 | |
| Download: ML20141D886 (94) | |
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PGE-1070 Trojan Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation Environmental Repert 7
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Revision 0 Portland General Electric Company
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Troian independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report i
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Table of Contents l
l SECTION I - PURPOSE OF THE FACILITY.............
............. 1-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
.............................. 1-1 i
1.2 PUR POSE OF THE FACILITY...............
1-2
1.3 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 1..................
............. 1-3 SECTION II-- THE SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES 2-1 2.1 GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY........................... 2-1 2.1.1 Site Location and Description............................ 2-1 2.1.2 Population Distribution......
. 2-2 2.1.3 Use of Adjacent Lands and Waters..
...................... 2-3 2.2 ECOLOGY
........................ 2-6 2.2.1 General Environs...............
......... 2-6 2.3 M ETEORO LOG Y...................
2-10 2.3.1 Regional Climatology
.............. 2-10 2.3.2 Local Meteorology.................
............2-10 2.4 H YD R O L O G Y..............................
2-12 2.4.1 Site and Facility.
...................................2-12 2.4.2 Surface Hydrology..................
.......... 2-12 2.4.3 Subsurface Hydrology
..............................2-13 Os 2.5 GEOLOGY AND SEISMOLOGY.......
...................2-15 O
2.5.1 Basic Geologic and Seismic Information......
. 2-15 2.5.2 Vibratory Ground Motion.............
.................2-16 2.6 REGIONAL HISTORIC. ARCHAEOLOGICAL. ARCHITECTURAL. SCENIC.
CULTURAL AND NATURAL FEATURES
...... 2-17 2.7 NOISE 2-18
2.8 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 2
.......... 2 - 19 SECTION III - THE FACILITY......
. 3-1 3.1 EXTERNAL APPEARANCE.........
............... 3-1 3.1.1 TranStor Storage System.........
................... 3-1 3.1.2 Security Systems...............
3-1 3.2 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM...............
. 3-2 3.3 FACILITY WATER USE......................
3-3 3.4 HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTEM
.. 3-4 3.5 RADWASTE SYSTEMS AND SOURCE TERMS................... 3-5 3.5.1 Source.
............... 3-5 3.5.2 Rad wast e................................
....... 3-5 3.5.3 Process and Effluent
. 3-5 l
3.6 CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE WASTES.
..... 3-6 t
3.7 SANITARY AND OTHER WASTES...
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3.7.1 Sanitary Wastes 3-7 3.7.2 Other Nonradioactise Wastes....
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l i b 3.7.3 Gaseous Emissions.........
....... 3-7 v
3.8 REPORTING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERI AL MOVEMENT......... 3-8 3.9 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES................................. 3-9 3.10 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3............................. 3-10 l
SECTION IV - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION AND FACILITY CONSTRUCTION..................................... 4-1 4.1 SITE PREPARATION AND FACILITY CONSTRUCTION.......... 4-1 4.1.1 Effects on Land Use......................
............... 4-1 4.1.2 Effects on Water Bodies Use............................... 4-1 4.1.3 Impact on Work Force..........
........... 4-2 4.1.4 Impact of Construction Generation of Fugitive Dust
........ 4-2 4.1.5 Impact on Wildlife...........
.............. 4-2 4.1.6 Construction Noise..
................ 4-3 4.2 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION......
........ 4-4 4.3 RESOURCES COMMITTED............
............. 4-5 4.3.1 W ater.......
.................. 4-5 4.3.2 Air...............
................. 4-5 4.3.3 Biota.........
.......... 4-5 4.3.4 Materials.....
.............. 4-5 i
4.3.5 Summary of Resources Committed
. 4-5 4.4 RA DI O A CTI VITY......................................... 4 -6 4.5 CONSTRUCTION IMPACT CONTROL PROGRAM.............
. 4-7 4.5.1 Construction Traffic Control.
.............4-7 4.5.2 Dust and Particulate Emission Control............
........ 4-7 4.5.3 Noise Control
...............4-7 i
4.5.4 Chemical Waste Management.
................ 4-7
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4.5.5 Solid Waste Management....
4-7 4.5.6 Site Clearing......
............... 4-7 4.5.7 Excavation and Soil Deposition.......................
... 4-7
4.6 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 4.............................. 4-8 l
SECTION V -- ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FACILITY OPERATION...... 5-1 5.1 EFFECTS OF OPERATION OF HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTEM..
.5-1 5.2 RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT FROM ROUTINE OPERATION..........
5-2 5.3 EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE DISCHARGES........... 5-4 5.4 EFFECTS OF SANITARY WASTE DISCHARGES................... 5-5 5.5 EFFECTS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM..
5-6 5.6 OTHER EFFECTS.
.................... 5-7 5.6.1 Noise lmpact......
............... 5-7 l
5.6.2 Climatological Impact
. 5-7 l
5.6.3 Impact on Wildlife
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5.6.4 Impact of Runoff from Operation
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5.6.5 Vehicle Emissions During Construction and Operation..
5-8
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5.7 RE SOU RC E S COM MITTED.................................... 5-9 5.8 DECOMMISSIONING AND DISMANTLING........
.......... 5-10
5.9 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 5...........
5-11 4
SECTION VI-- EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING PROGRAM....................
............ 6-1 1
6.1 PRE-OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM............. 6-1 6.2 OPERATIONAL MONITORING PROGRAMS..................... 6-2 6.2.1 Operational Monitoring Program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant...... 6-2 6.2.2 Operational Monitoring Program for the Trojan ISFSI..
....... 6-3 6.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING. 6-4
6.4 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 6......
.................. 6-5 4
SECTION VII -- ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS............... 7-1 7.1 FACILITY ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVITY......... 7-1 7.1.1 Normal Operation and Operational Occurrences............... 7-1 7.1.2 Maximum Credible Accident............................. 7-1 7.1.3 Emergency Planning................................. 7-2 7.2 TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVITY... 7-3 7.3 OTH E R A CCI D ENTS...................
.................. 7-4 O
7.4 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 7................................. 7-5
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SECTION VIII --
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF FACILITY CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION..........................
8-1 SECTION IX - SPENT FUEL STORAGE ALTERNATIVES...........
9-1 9.1 ALTERNATIVES NOT REOUIRINO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW SPENT FUEL STORAGE FACILITY......
9-1 9.1.1 Continued Storage of Spent Fuel in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool..... 9-1 9.1.2 Transfer to Off-site Storage
................. 9-1 9.2 ALTERNATIVES REOUIRING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW FUEL STORAGE....
.................................... 9-2 9.2.1 Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI............. 9-2 i
SECTION X -- FACILITY DESIGN ALTERNATIVES...................... 10-1 10.1 DESIGN A LTE RN ATIVES................................... 10- 1 10.2 LOCATION ALTERNATIVES..
10-2
10.3 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 10.............
............... 10-4 SECTION XI -
SUMMARY
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS......
............Il-1 11.1
SUMMARY
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS..................... 11-1
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11.2 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION il...........
11-2 iii
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SECTION Xil-- ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CONSULTATION......12-1 12.1 P E RMITS AND LIC ENSES..................................... 12-1 j
12.1.1 Local and County........................................ 12-1 l
12.1.2 State of Oregon........................................ 12-1 1
12.2 CON S U LTATION S '........................................... 12-2 l
12.2.1 S tate o f Oregon......................................... 12-2 12.2.2 Fed e ral................................................. 12-2
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12.3 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 12................................ 12-3 1
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Q Trolan independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report i h List of Tables Table 2-1 -- Agricultural Data Summary -- Columbia and Cowlitz Counties 3
l Table 2-2 -- 1994 Land Use Census 4
i Table 2-3 -- Endangered Species -- Oregon Table 5-1 -- Occupational Radiation Dose -- Cask Loading and Transfer Table 7-1 -- Maximum Hypothetical Accident List of Figures Figure 2-1 -- Trojan Site Area Figure 2-2 -- ISFSI Location
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Figure 2-3 -- Population Distribution within 10 Miles -- 1990 Census a
Figure 2-4 -- Population Distribution within 10 Miles -- 2000 (Projected)
Figure 2-5 -- Population Distribution within 10 Miles -- 2010 (Projected)
Figure 2-6 -- Ground Water Table Contours in the Area of the Trojan Site Figure 2-7 -- Geologic Map of the Trojan Site Figure 2-8 -- Geologic Sections i.
Figure 2-9 -- Geologic Section Figure 10-1-- Alternative ISFSI Sites 1
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Troian Independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report
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Section EtTective Pages Revision Title Page 0
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Table of Contents Pages i through vi 0
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Section 1 1-1 through 1-3 0
Section 2 2-1 through 2-19 0
Figures 2-1 through 2-9 0
l Section 3 3-1 through 3-10 0
Section 4 4-1 through 4-9 0
Section 5 5-1 through 5-11 0
i Section 6 6-1 through 6-5 0
lO Section 7 7-1 through 7-5 0
Section 8 8-1 0
Section 9 9-1 and 9-2 0
l Section 10 10-1 through 10-4 0
Figure 10-1 0
Section 11 11-1 and 11-2 0
Section 12 12-1 through 12-3 0
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Troian Independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report n
(V SECTION I -- PURPOSE OF TIIE FACILITY i
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Portland General Electric (PGE) plans to construct an Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI) on the site of PGE's Trojan Nuclear Plant near Rainier, Oregon.
As part of the initial licensing process for the Trojan Nuclear Plant, PGE developed and submitted an Environmental Report (References 1 and 2) addressing the environmental effects of the construction and operation of the plant. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) issued a Final Environmental Statement (Reference 3) in August 1973, concluding that the construction and operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant would not result in unacceptable environmental consequences. The NRC issued a license to PGE authorizing operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on November 21,1975.
PGE permanently ceased operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on January 27,1993, after approximately 17 years of commercial operation. PGE is now decommissioning the Trojan Nuclear Plant. As part of the decommissioning process, PGE submitted a supplement to the Environmental Report (Reference 4) covering new information and significant environmental changes associated with the proposed decommissioning activities. The supplement concluded that the decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant could be completed without unacceptable environmental consequences.
(7 PGE plans to construct an ISFSI at the Trojan site to facilitate decommissioning of the Trojan V
Nuclear Plant. An ISFSI will provide interim storage for the spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive materials currently stored in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool and albw PGE to proceed with decommissioning of the spent fuel pool and associated systems. The Trojan ISFSI will consist of a dry storage system using Sierra Nuclear Corporation's TranStor* Storage System.
The Trojan ISFS1 Safety Analysis Report (Reference 5) contains a detailed description of the TranStor Storage System. The Trojan ISFSI will be located on the existing Trojan Nuclear Plant site within the current industrial security area (See Figures 2-1 and 2-2). The ISFSI site is completely contained within the area covered by the original Trojan Nuclear Plant Environmental Report and its supplements.
This Trojan ISFSI Environmental Report addresses the environmental etTects associated with the construction and operation of the Trojan ISFSI. This report meets the requirements of 10 CFR 72.34 (Reference 6), Subpart F. of 10 CFR 72 (Reference 6), and Subpart A of 10 CFR 51 (Reference 7).
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1.2 Pl]RPOSE OF THE FACILITY
- J PGE permanently ceased operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on January 27,1993, after approximately 17 years of commercial operation. PGE subsequently remosed the nuclear fuel from the Trojan reactor. This irradiated fuel is now stored in the on-site spent fuel pool awaiting transfer to the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for final disposal.
The DOE has the ultimate responsibility for the long term disposal or storage of the irradiated fuel currently stored in the Trojan Nuclear Plant spent fuel pool. The Standard Contract for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and/or High-Level Radioactive Waste between Portland General Electric and the DOE (Reference 8) defines the DOE's responsibillities. Following commencement of operation of a repository, the DOE has the responsibility to take title to the spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste as expeditiously as practicable upon the request of the waste generator / owner. The scope of the contract states, in part, that the services to be provided by DOE shall begin, after commencement of facility operations, not later than January 31,1998. This contract clause provides the basis for the schedule forecast in the DOE's annual acceptance priority ranking for receipt of spent nuclear fuel and/or high-level waste.
Based on this ranking, the DOE will accept the first spent nuclear fuel from the Trojan Nuclear Plant in the fifth year of repository operation.
Based on the progress that has been made to date, it is unlikely that a repository will be in operation in 1998 as specified in the contract. The decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant includes the decontamination and/or dismantlement and disposal of the existing contaminated (q
plant structures including the spent fuel pool. These activities will be completed well before the j
earliest expected availability of the DOE's high-level waste repository or any interim storrage i
facility.
The Trojan ISFSI will provide interim above ground dry storage and while still allowing the ultimate offsite transport ofintact and failed spent nuclear fuel assemblies, fuel debris, and radioactive waste classified as Greater Than Class C (GTCC) waste currently stored in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool. The Trojan ISFSI will provide for safe interim storage for the irradiated fuel and other high-level radioactive waste.
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1.3 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 1 1.
Trojan Nuclear Plant, Applicant's Environmental Report, Operating Li.:ense Stage, dated May 29,1970.
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Trojan Nuclear Plant, Supplement to Applicant's Environmental Report, Operating i
License Stage, dated November 8,1971.
3.
Final Environmental Statement Related to the Operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, dated August 1973.
4.
PGE 1063 -- Supplement to Applicant's Environmental Report, Post Operating License Stage 5.
Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report, March 1996 l
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10 CFR 72, " Licensing Requirements for the Independent Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel i
and High-Level Radioactive Waste" i
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10 CFR 51," Environmental Protection Regulations for Domestic Licensing and Related i
Regulatory Functions" 8.
" Standard Contract for Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and/or High-Level Radioactive Waste," between Portland General Electric and the DOE
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SECTION II - TIIE SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL INTERFACES 2.1 GEOGR.APHY AND DEMOGRAPHY 2.1.1 Site Location and Description l
The Trojan ISFSI will be located at the existing site of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The Trojan site is located in Columbia County in northwest Oregon on the Columbia River at Mile 72.5 from the mouth. The river at this location is the boundary between the States of Oregon and Washington.
The town of Rainier, Oregon, is located approximately 4 miles north-northwest and across the Columbia River, Kalama, Washington is located approximately 3 miles southeast. There are
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three small unincorporated communities within a 5-mile radius: Prescott, Oregon, located e
approximately % mile north; Goble, Oregon, located approximately 1 % miles south-southeast; and Carrolls, Washington, located approximately 2% miles north-northeast of the site and across the Columbia River.
The Trojan site covers a tract ofland in Sections 35 and 36, T. 7 N., R. 2 W., W.M., and in Sections 1 and 2, T. 6 N., R. 2 W., W.M., Columbia County, Oregon, the said tract being all inclusive of those certain individual and separate parcels as disclosed in those certain instruments of record in Columbia County, Deed Records in BK 168, pages 13 and 14; BK 168, page 22; BK 168, pages 23 to 26 inclusive; BK 168, pages 81 to 83 inclusive; BK 168, pages 117 to 121 inclusive; BK 171, pages 935 and 936; and in BK 174, page 436.
The 634 acres of the Trojan site are owned in fee by Portland General Electric Company. Travel to the area is readily available by U. S. Highway 30, which parallels the western boundary of the l
Trojan site. This two-lane highway connects communities along the Columbia River and carries moderate passenger and freight traffic.
Burlington Northern, Inc., owns a railroad right-of-way traversing the Trojan site. It operates freight trains on this line to towns in Oregon along the Columbia River. The two major land transportation arteries running north and south between Portland and Seattle are across the Columbia River in the State of Washington. Approximately one mile east of the plant is another Burlington Northern railroad track. Interstate 5 is approximately 1-1/4 miles from Trojan. The Columbia River at this point serves as a deep-sea access channel to ports upstream of the Trojan site.
The plant was constructed on a rock outcropping adjacent to the river. The 634-acre site, the largest part of which is an old river channel, was designated for industrial use by local planning authorities.
The Trojan site consists of three general areas: the former power generation area, a recreational use area, and the natural area. Natural barriers (such as the river's edge, the basaltic outcrop and hills) and existing man made barriers (such as the railway and highway) help to define each area.
Figures 2-1 and 2-2 provide a plan of the Trojan site and the location of the ISFSt.
The Trojan facility is compactly located on 30 acres adjacent to the Columbia River. Existing structures associated with the Trojan Nuclear Plant include a 492-foot-tall cooling tower and the 2-1
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206-foot-high containment structure. Augmenting the containment structure are the control, V
turbine, auxiliary and fuel buildings. The intake structure, shop and warehouse facilit!, and administration buildings complete the central development. A visitor's center was constructed at the western side of the Trojan site adjacent to U.S. Highway 30. The visitor's center, however, is no longer in use. A 26-acre reflecting lake is located between the main plant buildings and the highway.
Approximately 140 acres of the existing Trojan site are set aside for recreational uses. Included in this is a 28-acre recreational lake. Picnic areas, hiking and bicycle paths, and parking facilities also are provided in this area. The remaining areas of the site were left in their natural state.
2.1.2 Population Distribution In considering human activities in this area, both resident and seasonal populations were considered. The following discussion is based on 1990 census data.
The total region is moderately populated, with considerable local variation in population density due to the mountainous nature of much of the terrain. Figure 2-3 shows the population distribution around the Trojan Nuclear Piant for distances up to 10 miles, based on the 1990 census. Figures 2-4 and 2-5 similarly show projected data for 2000 and 2010.
Within a radius of 5 miles of the Trojan site are several small towns and unincorporated communities with populations under 2,000. The 1990 populations of these communities are:
n Rainier, Oregon -- 1,674; Prescott, Oregon -- 63; and Kalama. Washington -- 1,210. The small
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communities of Goble, Oregon and Carrols, Washington are also located within five miles of the Trojan site, but are not listed as separate population centers in the 1990 census. The communities of Kelso and Longview, Washington are located approximately 6 miles from the plant and have a combined population of 43,319. The next closest town with a population over 2,000 is St. Helens, Oregon with a population of 7,535 located 12 miles to the SSE of the Trojan site.
The population distribution within 10 miles of the Trojan site (Figure 2-3) was derived using 1990 U.S. census data. The population projections for 2000 (Figure 2-4) and 2010 (Figure 2-5) were made using county growth projections based upon three census data points (1970,1980 and 1990). Individual growth projections were developed for Cowlitz and Columbia counties. Based upon historical factors, the population gromh within 10 miles of the Trojan nte is approximately 5% per decade.
In addition to the resident population, a limited influx of people into the area within 10 miles of the Trojan site occurs during the summer months and when river conditions are conducive to fishing and recreation. This influx is primarily on the Columbia, Kalama, and Cowlitz rivers, and consists of pleasure boating and both boat and bcnk fishermen. Prescott Beach park, located l
1 mile NNW of the Troj m site is used for daytime picnicking and fishing. Since there are no l
state or Federal parks or campgrounds within 10 miles of the Trojan site, any increase in the number of people in the area during the summer months is relatively small.
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b Troian Independ.~nt Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report 2.1.3 Use of Adjacent Lands and Waters
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Pleasure boats cruise on the Columbia River during summer months, and small boats anchor and fish off the mouths of streams flowing into the Columbia during spring and fall. Pleasure boat launching facilities are located in Rainier, Goble, Prescott, and in Kalama, Washington.
Waterbome deep-draft traffic uses the 40-foot-deep ship channel that approaches within 400 feet of Coffin Rock at the south end of the Trojan site. Approximately 2300 oceangoing vessels pass the Trojan site every year. Major outbound cargoes consist of wheat and logs. Inbound cargo consists of petroleum, iron and steel products, foreign car imports, and ores. Major port facilities are at Portland, Oregon and Longview, Washington.
The major portion of the area within a radius cf 50 miles of the Trojan plant is in timber owned and controlled by the federal and state governments and private corporations. The terrain is quite rough and generally suitable only for tree farming and related forestry operations. Farm produce consists of meat, milk, poultry, hay, grains, grass seeds, vegetables, fruits, and berries. Table 2-1 summarizes the farming activities in Columbia and Cowlitz counties.
Table 2-1 Agricultural Data Summary n
Columbia and Cowlitz Counties i ):
Columbia Cowlitz Number of Famis 695 387 Acreage in Farmland 73,949 44,634 Percent of Land Area 18 6
Average Farm Acreage 106 115 Average Value Per Acre
$1,527
$1.699 A land use census completed in 1994 indicated there were four milk cows within five miles of the Trojan site. There were also several milk producing goats located within five miles of the Trojan site during 1994. Milk from these goats was sampled as part of a Trojan radiological environmental surveillance plan associated with the Trojan Nuclear Plant The 1994 land use census also surveyed the locations of beef cattle and other meat producing animals as well as vegetable gardens within 5 miles of the Trojan site. The results of the 1994 land use census are shown in Table 2-2.
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Table 2-2 1994 Land Use Census Radial Mileage for Nearest Location Directional Milk Milk Meat Residence Garden Sector Cow Goat Animal N
0.70 0.80 None None None NNE 2.00 2.80 4.00 2.00 None NE 1.60 2.00 None None 2.00 ENE 2.30 None None None 4.00 E
1.30 1.30 None None 1.30 ESE 0.80 2.40 None None 2.40 SE 2.30 2.80 None None 2.70 SSE 1.40 3.00 None None 3.00 S
1.20 1.40 None None 2.00 SSW 0.90 2.60 None 2.60 1.00 SW l.50 3.00 None 3.00 2.10 WSW 1.40 1.60 None None 3.20 W
l.7 2.1 None None 2.2 WNW l.7 1.7 None None 1.7 NW l.2 1.2 None None 2
NNW 0.6 0.6 None None None Most of the local commerce is related to forest products and is centered in three areas:
Longview, Washington; Rainier, Oregon; and Kalama, Washington.
Local ind'.stiial decelopment is oriented toward forest products and relies heavily on river trar.oportation. Other large industrial facilities in the local area include: an aluminum plant in Longview; chemical plants and grain elevators in Kalama; and a fertilizer plant in Columbia O
quar. A steel mill is currently under construction in Kalama. There are also se City ry sites and gravel pits in the area, the closest being approximately 1-mile southwest of 2-4
Troian independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report (mV) the site. Chapter 2.2 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report contains more detailed information about nearby industrial facilities.
As a result of the decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant and accompanying staff reductions, severa! ofEce buildings on the Trojan site are now vacant. These buildings are on the Trojan site but are located outside of the Trojan industrial security area and outside of the l
restricted area surrounding the proposed ISFSI. PGE may lease these buildings for commercial use in the future. Leases issued to commercial users of these buildings will limit activities to ensure that postulated events and accident analyses remain bounding and that emergency planning activities tre not impaired.
U. S. Highway 30 passes through and parallels the west boundary of the Trojan site, carrying an average of 5300 vehicles a day of mixed passenger and freight traffic. The primary vehicle route for the north-south traffic is Interstate Highway 5, located across the river (approximately 46,000 vehicles a day).
The Burlington-Northern railroad right-of-way passes through the Trojan site and carries about two freight trains a day.
The major rail route between Portland and Seattle is one mile across the Columbia River and carries an average of thirty-five to fony freight trains a day. Six passenger trains per day also pass by on these tracks.
f~h rU l 10 CFR 20.1003 defines a " restricted area" as any area to which access is limited by the (9
licensee for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risk from exposure to radiation
'V and radioactive materials.
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O 5-Troian Independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report tT 2.2 ECOLOGY
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2.2.1 General Environs Four major biotic communities or ecosystems are represented on the Trojan site. They are the coniferous forest ecosystem, the riparian ecosystem, the mixed hardwood forest and the river.
Each is formed by a complex biotic pyramid. As in any such configuration, the greatest number of organisms, mass and food energy are found in the lowest layer of organisms, the green plants. Food chains in each of the ecosystems begins with these lowest layer organisms. This supporting physical environment, which forms the base of each biotic j
pyramid, is dependent upon, or supported by, the amount of sunlight energy received and the amounts of essential nutrients, minerals, waters and gases available in the soil.
The most inland biotic community of the Trojan site area is the coniferous forest ecosystem.
i This is composed of approximately 80 percent second-growth Douglas fir and was not significantly affected by the original construction or operation of Trojan Nuclear Plant.
The central portion of the Trojan site area is composed mainly of the riparian ecosystem.
This area was subject to the greatest changes due to the original construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Prior to the construction of Trojan, this area consisted partially of swampland, marshland, meadowland and farmland. Modifications during construction strengthened existing water boundaries and more clearly defined the drainage system. Permanent water areas were expanded, and agricultural areas viere allowed to revert to more natural states.
O Most development took place in the southera half of the property, however, allowing
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substantial proportions of the woodlands anc meadows to remain.
Most of the hardwood ecosystem is made up of second-growth oak, maple, red alder and a few coniferous species. This system was altered little during the original construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant because that part of the plant extending into the hardwood system is located primarily on the quarried portion of the basaltic outcrop in the same area.
From March 1974 through August 1987, remote sensing imagery in selected areas around Trojan was obtained twice annua'ly. Annual documentation of seasonal differences in vegetation communities recorded on this imagery indicated changes in vegetation growth patterns, species composition, and pigments due to various natural and anthropogenic causes unrelated to the operation of Trojan. This : emote sensing program provided baseline data during the pre-operational and operational history of Trojan. PGE continued and expanded this aerial photography program beginning in 1988. Weekly ground surveys were also made on the plant site and in the vicinity of Swan Lake, Carr Slough, Neer Creek, the reflection pond, the recreation lake and the Columbia River. These surveys were conducted to compile observations of unusual fiora and fauna or unusual events that could result in significant environmental impacts. During operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, PGE submitted the results of this program to the NRC on an annual basis. This program detected no apparent adverse impact on terrestrial or aquatic environs in the vicinity of Trojan due to the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
(O The Colurnbia River ecosystem is inhabited by several migratory or anadromous fishes
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including five species of Pacific Salmon - chum (oncorhynchus keta), coho (oncorhynchus 2-6
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kisurch), sockeye (oncorhynchus nerka), chinook (oncorhynchus tshanytscha), and steelhead (oncorhynchus mykiss); American shad (Alosa sapidissima); the eulachon (Thaleichthys
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pacificus), or Columbia River smelt; two species of sturgeon, the white sturgeon (Aciperser transmontanus) and the green sturgeon (A. medirostris), and cutthroat trout (salmon clarki).
Migrations of salmonids, shad, sturgeon and smelt go past the Trojan site.
Several salmon runs in the pacific northwest have also been listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The Snake River stock of sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka) is classified as endangered. The Snake River spring / summer and fall runs of chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshanytscha) are classified as threatened. At the present time the Columbia River salmon stocks are not listed as endangered or threatened by the National Marine Fisheries Service.
Title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations contains a list of endangered and threatened wildlife and plants (References 2 and 3). This list is maintained by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and includes species added under a memorandum of understanding between the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service.
The endangered species for the state of Oregon are listed in Table 2-3. This list was obatined from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service List of Endangered Species maintained on their World Wide Web site. Twenty-eight (28) species within the state of Oregon are currently listed as endangered. These include twenty animal species and eight plant species V
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Endangered Species -- Oregon Animals Butterfly, Oregon silverspot (Speyeria :crene hippolyta)
Chub, Borax Lake (Gila horarobius)
Chub, Hutton tui(Gila bicolor ssp.)
Chub, Oregon (Oregonichthys (=Hybopsis) crameri)
Dace, Foskett speckled (Rhinichthys osculus ssp.)
Deer, Columbian white-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus)
Eagle, bald (Haliaeetus lw.icocephalus)
Falcon, American peregrine (Falcoperegrinus anatum)
Goose, Aleutian Canada (Branta canadensis leucoparcia)
Murrelet, marbled (Brachyramphus marmoratus marmoratus)
Owl, northern spotted (Strir occidentalis courina)
Pelican, brovin (Pelecanus occidentalis)
Plover, western snowy (Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus)
Sucker, Lost River (Deltistes hexatus) s Q)
Sucker, Warner (Catostomus wrnerensis)
Sucker, shortnose (Chasmistes brevirostris)
Trout, Lahontan cutthroat (Oncorhynchus (=Salmo) clarki henshawi)
Turtle, green sea (Chelonia mydas)
Turtle, leatherback sea (Dermochelys coriacea)
Turtle, olive (= Pacific) ridley sea (Lepidochelys olivacca)
Plants Marsh sandwort (Arenaria paludicola)
Applegate's milk-vetch (Astragalus applegatei)
Water howellia (Howellia aquatilis)
Western lily (Lihum occidental)
Bradshaw's desert-parsley (=lomatiun!)(',omatium bradshawii)
MacFarlane's four-o' clock (Mirabilis m icfarlanci)
Nelson's checker-mallow (Sidalcea nelsoniana)
Malheur wire-lettuce (Stephanomeria malheurensis)
(~~3 A pair of American peregrine Falcons (Falcoperegrinus anatum) have been observed nesting on V'
the Trojan cooling tower. The American peregrine Falcon is listed as an endangered species 2-8 l
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' O as shown in Table 2-3. The cooling tower, which is no longer is use, is approximately 402 feet high and is located over 800 feet from the proposed site of the Trojan ISFSI. Activities associated with the construction and operation of the Trojan ISFSI will not affect the cooling tower and should not adversely impact the pair of falcons. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service is aware of the presence of these falcons at the Trojan site.
The Trojan site is also within the range of the Columbian white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus leucurus), a subspecies of the common eastern Virginia white-tailed deer. This subspecies (endemic to the northwestern U S.) is listed on the endangered species list as noted in Table 2-3 and is protected by both Federal and State laws. Hunting is not permitted on the Trojan site.
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2.3 METEOROLOGY
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j 2.3.1 Regional Climatology The climate of the region is Pacific Maritime and generally mild, being sheltered by the coastal mountains. In winter, a prevailing southwesterly flow of moist air from the ocean dominates the weather. Colder " polar" air occasionally moves 'own the Columbia River Gorge in winter, producing most of the freezing weather and snow in the area. In summer, a prevailing northwesterly flow of cool air from a high pressure area over the ocean contributes to a dry season and pleasant 'emperatures.
The majority of the rain falling on Northwestern Oregon comes from the moisture-laden south-southwest storms during winter months. The winds blowing from the east and north usually are associated with drier weather; however, in the winter these winds sometimes combine with moisture-laden fronts to produce snow and hail.
This region receives substantial annual rainfall, but the rain showers are oflight or moderate intensity and continuous rather than heavy for brief periods. Severe storms and thunderstorms are infrequent and surface winds seldom exceed gale force. The majority of damage done by thunderstorms in Oregon is limited to the starting of forest fires in timberland. The Trojan site is not in a region affected by hurricanes. There have been no major hail storms within a 60-mile radius of the Trojan site and tomados rarely occur. On the average, this region receives 2 inches of snow per year.
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Regional temperatures are for the most part, mild thioughout the year. The average temperature for the summer season is 65 F and for the winter season 40 F.
The extreme temperatures for Portland, Oregon have been 107"F on July 30,1965 and August 8,1981, and -3 F on February 2,1950. The maximum amount of precipitation recorded for a 24-hour period was 7.66 inches in Portland in December 1882. The greatest amount of snowfall ever measured for a 24-hour period was 16.0 inches during January 1937. These extremes are based on National Weather Service records for 1880 through 1970.
2.3.2 Local Meteorology PGE began an on-site meteorological program at the Trojan site in 1969 in conjunction with the planned construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The program included wind and temperature instrumentation at four elevations on a 500-foot tower plus a 30-foot satellite tower by the Columbia Rio A third,33-foot tower was later installed near the plant access road. The tower near the Columbia River was removed from service in 1975. PGE collected on-site meteorological data during operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant and for a time during defueled operation. Data collection has since been discontinued.
Meteorological data at the site during the period September 1,1971 through August 31,1974, were reported in the original Safety Analysis Report for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. These data compared favorably with national Weather Service data for Portland Oregon.
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In general, winds at the Trojan site are from the north in the summer and from the south during the winter months. In spring and fall, the wind may blow from either direction 2-10
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Troian indenendenGnent FuelInstallation Environmental Report depending on the location of the major high and low-pressure areas. The predominate north-south wind patterns correspond to the orientation of the river valley at the site.
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2.4 LlYDROLOGY 2.4.1 Site and Facility The Trojan site is located on the Oregon bank of the Columbia River at Mile 72.5 (measured l
frora the Pacific Ocean). The specific ISFSI site is on a rocky ridge over 800 feet wide and about one mile long, with a north-south axis parallel to the river and immediately adjacent to it. Before the site preparation for the Trojan Nuclear Plant was started in 1970, the ridge was generally above elevation 75 feet mean sea level, with peaks up to elevation 134 feet. As a basis for comparison, the river surface is between elevations 2 and 6 feet much of the low-water period of the year. A section of the ridge was excavated to elevation 45 feet to provide a base for the plant, and a nearby area was cut to elevation 90 feet for the cooling tower. The west side of the ridge drops precipitously to a low-lying and usually marshy area at elevations 3 to 17 feet, with much ofit in the elevations 6 to 8 feet. Historically, this was a navigable channel of the Columbia River up to about the tum of the century. Opposite the plant this old channel is 2,400 feet wide. The terrain then rises sharply to an elevation of 500 feet, reaching elevations in excess of 1,100 feet 1 % miles from the river. The Columbia River is about one-half mile wide opposite the plant, and in the vicinity of the plant there are holes deeper than 120 feet below mean sea level although directly east from the plant the deepest water is about 70 feet.
The Washington bank is low for a distance of four miles opposite the Trojan site over the delta of the Kalama River, and then the terrain rises sharply very much like on the Oregon
(
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side. To the northeast the hills begin four miles from Trojan.
v 2.4.2 Surface Hydrology The Trojan site is well drained. The east side of the rocky ridge drains directly into the Columbia R.iver, while precipitation on the west side flows into the old river channel and thence by Carr Slough along the western edge of this marsh northward until it joins the Columbia. Neer Creek is a small stream flowing off the steep hillside west of the old river channel. Its flow varies fiom over 30 cubic feet per second (cfs) at times during the winter to practically nothing during dry summer periods. It has been directed into the recreation lake, and the outflow passes into Carr Slough as it did before construction of Trojan was started.
(These features of the Trojan site are shown on Figure 2.1.)
As part of the original Trojan Nuclear Plant project, the south end of the marsh was excavated to form a well-contoured and picturesque recreational lake, and the center part was developed to form a reflecting pool. North of the reflecting pool is a natural shallow lake used by l
whistling swans during winter.
The Columbia River has an average annual flow of about 230,000 cfs at the Trojan site, with l
a corresponding average current velocity of 1.8 feet per second (fps). The velocities reported in this section are approximate averages across the full width of the river and over a tidal cycle. For flows less than the yearly average, ebb tide velocities world be approximately 20-30% greater. Near shore velocities are approximately 40% less than mid-channel
')
velocities. The seasonal variation in flow is a composite of two out-of-phase effects: 1) the
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snow melt runoff of the drainage area lying east of the Cascade Range, and 2) the rain b'
(augmented by snow melt) runoff west of the Cascades. The former causes high flows ranging from about 300,000 cfs in April to a peak in mid-June of about 550,000 cfs and back to about 300,000 cfs in July with current velocities of 2 to 3 fps. The high flows in tributaries west of the Cascades generally occur in winter and cause flows of about 200,000-250,000 cfs from November through March with current velocities ranging from 1.5 to 2 fps. The western drainage area does not influence the hi;'h flow period at the Trojan site, but it does increase the winter flows substantially. The result is that late summer and early fall is the low flow period. Flows in August through October range from 120,000 - 170,000 cfs with current velocities of 1 to 1.5 fps. Flow reversals occur during this period of the year.
Water quality studies of the Columbia River in the vicinity of Trojan have been conducted since 1974. These studies include the measurement of water temperature, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen. The results of these studies demon.;irated normal seasonal and cross river trends. The cross river trends are influenced by the Willamette Riser flows which prevail on the Oregon side of the river and the upper Columbia River flows which prevail on the Washington side of the river. Weather and various upstream biogeochemical processes govern the Columbia River physical-chemical-biological relationships near the Trojan site.
2.4.3 Subsurface Hydrology The Trojan site is located on an impervious rocky ridge that is bounded on one side and end by the Columbia River and on the other side and end by an old river channel that has been l
)
completely filled with impervious sediments. For this reason it was initially found i
impracticable to drill wells in the old channel close to the river to provide domestic and fish pond water for the project, In 1989 PGE was granted the right to drill two wells on the Trojan site. The water from these wells is for industrial use. The maximum combined withdrawal from the two wells is 1.5 cfs. The rock on the ridge is moderately fractured, but the joints have been sealed by impervious materials so that there is no apparent leakage of water from many rain-filled foundation and footing holes over a period of several months. It i: apparent, i
therefore, that ground water does not have the significance at this site that it might h ave at others where the plant is less isolated from adjacent ground-water supplies and whece the soil is permeable.
Only a few domestic wells exist in the area. During operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant water samples were periodically collected from selected wells as part of the Trojan Operational Environmental Radiological Surveillance Program. Levels of tritium and gamma emitting radionuclides in well water samples were found to be below the minimum sensitivity requirements of the sampling program. The results of the Operational Environmental Radiological Surveillance Program were submitted to the NRC on an annual basis as required by the provisions of the operating license for the Trojan Nuclear Plant (Reference 1).
i The ridge of volcanic rock at the Trojan site contains a few small perched pools of water, possibly of ancient origin, but more probably maintained by rainfall trapped in depressions on the top of the ridge. The maximum measured elevation of the water table in the ridge was
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elevation 110 feet in one hole, but during excavation most of the rock was found to contain no l
V water in the fractures.
Figure 2-6 shows contours of the top of the water table in the generally shallow overburden and in the deep alluvium in the old river channel before preparation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant site. The contour shows that the gradient of the water table varies but that it averages approximately one foot vertically to 270 feet horizontally if measured in a direction toward the river. This gradient varie-during wet periods however. The alluvium is partially flooded by water standing on the surrace, particularly during the winter months; and these standing pools of water, as well as the elevation of the Columbia River, undoubtedly affect the gradient of the water table. The contours of the water table also show that the direction of movement of the ground water in the alluvium is not consistent but that the ultimate direction is toward the Columbia River, either through the upper end of the old river channel or through l
the downstream end of the old channeljust north of Prescott. Static water levels in wells and the elevation of springs eman
.ig from the ride west of the old river channel show that water levels in the ridge are considerably higher than are the water levels in the old river channel, even during periods of very high flow in the river. Consequently, it is apparent that the water table in the old channel does not feed the water table in the ridge. Thus the precise local direction of movement of the water is not as important as is the fact that the water in the alluvium of the old river channel moves toward the Columbia River and not toward any existing wells or springs. The hydraulic gradient of the water table precludes contamination of the portion of the bedrock that now supplies ground water to wells or springs or is at all
(
likely to supply ground water to them in the future. The alluvium in the old river channel does not now provide ground water to any wells, and it is extremely unlikely that it will in the future. It is concluded, therefore, that there is no possibility of contamination of existing or future ground-water supplies by accidental release of radioactive materials onto the alluvium in the old river channel or rock at the site.
Four permeability tests of the alluvial material showed permeability ranging from 10 feet to 20,000 feet per year. If accidental discharge of contaminated water onto the alluvium should occur, the water would move through the upper portion of the alluvium and toward the Columbia River at a rate of approximately 15 feet per year. If accidental discharge of contaminated water onto the foundation rock should occur, the water would also mos e toward the Columbia River. Ifit moved through the fractures and pores in the rock, it would move at a much slower rate than the rate in the alluvium.
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O Trojan Independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report b) 2.5 GEOI OGY AND SEISMOLOGY v'
2.5.1 Basic Geologic and Seismic Information Part of the Trojan site is underlain by a north-south trending, steepsided ridge of volcanic j
rock which borders the river and rises to a maximum elevation of 134 feet above mean sea level. The remainder of the Trojan site is underlain by a flat alluvial plain with elevations ranging between 10 and 12 feet. Approximately % mile to the west of the Trojan site, a north-south trending range of hills rises steeply above the alluvial plain to elevations in
)
excess of 1,000 feet. The Columbia River, which forms the boundary between Oregon and Washington, flows in a northerly direction at the Trojan site but tums west several miles i
downstream.
The exposed rocks in the area are Cenozoic in age. They include marine and terrestrial sediments and volcanic rocks. The oldest rocks are a thick sequence (over 5,000 feet) of Upper Eocene basaltic flows, pyroclastics, and sediments called the Goble series. The series is widespread in parts of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. As the area was covered by advancing seas, layers of tuffaceous sandstone and other sediments were deposited. Following the retreat of the sea, the rock layers were folded and then eroded to form an area of moderately low relief. Later, intermittent flows of basaltic lavas (Columbia River basalt) covered the area with up to 750 feet of basalt. The Troutdale sediments then were deposited by the early Columbia River. Changes in sea level have contributed to considerable erosion which, in places, has removed the younger geologic layers and exposed n(")
the older Goble series. The foundation rock at the Trojan site is part of the Goble series. The Goble series underlying the Trojan site dips gently to the south or southwest at less than 10 degrees. The more recent sediments making up the low-level areas around the Trojan site lie flat. Figure 2-7 is a geologic map of the site area. Geologic sections are shown in Figures 2-8 and 2-9.
A survey done by EG&G International, Inc. showed an area in the immediate vicinity of the Trojan site that appears to be exposed or nearly exposed bedrock (basalt). This is borne out by drill logs taken later. The study also showed that further downstream the south half of the river bottom (south of the dredged channel)is an area wherein the bedrock is covered by a thin veneer of sand which exposes itself as sand waves and sand bars. These features are temporary and will change from season to season. In fact, the sand waves can vary their position from hour to hour. The thickness of the sand in this area varies from 0 to as much as 50 feet in the bars immediately adjacent to shore. The north bank of the river, which is north of the dredged channel, appears to be very thick sand and it was not possible to determine the depth to bedrock along the nonh bank.
The Mt. St. Helens volcano is located in the Cas:ade range approximately 34 miles ENE of l
Trojan. Mt. St. Helens is considered to be the youngest of the major Cascade volcanoes. Mt.
St. Helens entered an eruptive sequence on March 27,1980. Continuing through mid-October 1980, a series of eruptions of var"ing intensity occurred at Mt. St. Helens including a paroxysmal eruption on May 18,1W9 Since mid-October of 1980, Mt. St.
()
Helens has ieen in an episodic dome growth phase. The effects of the eruptions 2-15 l
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Troian independent Spent FuelImtollation Environmental Report l
O on the Trojan site were limited to minor ash fall. The following tephra amounts were L'
observed at Trojan.
i Date of Eruntion Ash Fall at Trojan April 1,1980 Trace May 25,1980
<1/8" June 12,1990 Trace These tephra falls had little impact at the Trojan site causing only slight accumulations of ash on exterior surfaces. Other eruptions of Mt. St. Helens resulted in no ash deposition at Trojan. Mudflow, pyroclastic flows and debris flows associated with the eruptions posed no hazard to the Trojan site.
2.5.2 Vibratory Ground Motion Since the time of the initial design and licensing of the Trojan plant there have been j
significant changes in the perception of earthquake hazards in the Pacific Northwest. Many geoscientists now believe that large subduction zone earthquakes likely occurred along the Oregon-Washington-Vancouver island coast (known as the Cascadia margin, or Cascadia subduction zone) within the recent past, and that the potential for such events to occur in the
(~N future should be considered in any evaluation of safety and reliability of critical facilities
(_,/
during earthquake loading. In 1987, in response to the emerging issue of potential subduction l
zone earthquakes, PGE initiated a program of close monitoring of earthquake hazard research, conducted along the Cascadia margin. The results of this program, together with studies initiated by PGE, have been used to characterize the maximum events that could be expected to occur in the region and the resulting free-field ground motions that may occur at the Trojan site.
During 1992, PGE began conducting an evaluation of the seismic margins of the Trojan Nuclear Power Plant as part of.he NRC's Individual Plant Examination for Extemal Events (IPEEE) program. The study focused on establishing what is termed the Seismic Margin Earthquake (SME), defined as the ground motions associated with the maximum potential earthquakes that could affect the site. The results of this study were later updated to include information developed by the Oregon Department of Transportation for the development of seismic hazard maps for the State of Oregon (Reference 4 ).
The SME for the Trojan site is defined by three potential earthquakes: a Cascadia subduction zone interface earthquake occurring along the coast of Oregon and Washington, an intraslab earthquake occurring within the Juan de Fuca plate as it subducts beneath the Trojan site, and a random crustal earthquake occurring on an unknown fault in the site vicinity. The predicted ground response spectra for these three potential earthquakes were considered to produce a i
limiting SME for the Trojan site.
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2.6 REGIONAL HISTORIC. ARCHAEOLOGICAL. ARCHITECTURAL SCENIC.
CULTURAL AND NATURAL FEATURES During the initial licensing of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, an area adja' cent to the barge slip (south of the cooling' tower) was found to contain native American artifacts and was determined to be an archaeological area. Agreements were reached regarding the preservation of this area. The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will not involve activities near the area
- where these artifacts were found.
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-2.7 NOISE The construction and operation of the Trojan ISFS1 will not result in significant noise levels.
l Coratruction of the facility will utilize standard excavation and construction techniques. The use of explosives is not anticipated to be necessary. Construction activities of substantially l
greater magnitude were involved in the original construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant l
without any observed adverse effects of noise on '.he surrounding environment.
l Following completion of the facility, ISFS! activities will be limited to monitoring and maintenance of the stored fuel. These activities will not result in significant noise.
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2.8 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 2 1.
PGE-1006," Operational Environmental Radiological Surveillance Program Annual Report" 2.
50 CFR 17.11-- Endangered and threatened wildlife 3.
50 CFR 17.12 - Endangered and threatened plants 4.
Geomatrix,1995, Seismic design mapping, State of Oregon: report prepared for the Oregon Department of Transportation.
5.
Geomatrix Consultants,1993, Seismic margin earthquake for the Trojan site: Final report prepared for Portland General Electric Trojan Nuclear Plant, Rainier, Oregon I
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FIGURE 2-9 GEOLOGIC SECTION
" ' " * * * ~ "
l Troian Independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Renort SECTION III-- THE FACILITY p) 3.1 EXTERNAL APPEARANCE 3.1.1 TranStor Storage System l
The Trojan ISFSI will consist of up to thirty-six TranStor Storage System casks on a concrete cask foundation pad. The external surface of each TranStor* Storage System is a right cylindrical concrete cask approximately 18 feet high and 11 feet in diameter. The cask l
storage foundation consists of a steel reinforced concrete base pad approximately 170 feet j
long and 100 feet wide. The concrete casks will be arranged on this pad in a vertical orientation (i.e., set on end). A transfer station will be provided to facilitate the eventual transfer of the sealed TranStor Baskets from the TranStor Storage System to approved shipping containers. A more detailed description of the Trojan ISFSI and the TranStor l
Storage System is contained in Chapter 4 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report l
(Reference 1).
3.1.2 Security Systems The facility will be enclosed by a security fence and may include a small enclosed security guard post. More detailed information concerning the physical security systems is contained l
in the Trojan ISFSI Security Plan (Reference 2).
l l
lO 3-1
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Trolan independent Srvnt FuelInstallation Environmental Report 3.2 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Electrical power to the Trojan ISFSI will be required for lighting and security systems and an uninterruptible power supply system will be provided for certain security systems. The electrical power requirements will be provided from the existing electrical services at the Trojan site. The on-site power distribution system was designed to support the auxiliary loads associated with operation of a large nuclear power plant. Since PGE ceased operation t
of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, many of these electrical loads are no longer used. Therefore, the l
existing electrical distribution system can easily accommodate the relatively small loads i
associated with the Trojan ISFSI without major modifications such as the installation of additional large transformers. Therefore, there will be no significant change in the operation and maintenance of the on-site electrical distribution system and the operation of and maintenance of the electrical distribution system associated with the Trojan ISFSI will have no adverse effect on the environment.
'O lO 3-2
Troian independent Spent Fuel Installotion Environmental Report (p
3.3 FACILITY WATER USE The Trojan ISFSI will not result in additional water usage at the Trojan site. A relatively I
small amount of domestic water will be used for drinking water, personal hygiene, and sewage disposti associated with the Trojan ISFSI staff. The ISFSI staff will utilize existing plant facilities for these purposes. The existing Trojan domestic water is supplied from two wells located on the Trojan site. During operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant the maximum e age from the wells was more than 25,000 gallons per day. The wells provided potable water and makeup to the demineralized water system. The minimal staffing required to maintain the ISFSI will utilize far less water than was required during operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
3-3
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Troian Independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Repart i
3.4 HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTEM The TranStor Storage System uses a passive cooling system. The heat from the irradiated fuel and associated radioactive materials stored in the sealed meta! TranStor* Basket is transferred to the surrounding air by natural convection cooling. Air enters the concrete cask through vents near the bottom of each cask. The air then passes over the surface of the sealed basket contained within the concrete cask. The warm air rises and exits the concrete cask through openings near the top of each cask. Section 5.1 of this report evaluates the potential environmental effects of this system.
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3-4 i
Troian Independent Spent Fuel Installatwn Environmental Revert lG A
3.5 RADWASTE SYSTEMS AND SOURCE TERMS j
l l
35.1 Source Terms The ISFSI will provide dry storage of spent fuel assemblies, fuel debris, fuel related Greater Than Class C (GTCC) waste, non-fuel bearing components, and non-fuel related GTCC waste currently stored in the Trojan spent fuel pool. Chapter 3 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report provides more detailed information on the radioactive source strengths for these components.
3.5.2 Radwaste Systems The Trojan ISFSI is a passive storage system with the radioactive materials stored in sealed l
metal baskets. Therefore, the system will not generate radioactive effluents during normal l
operation and no radwaste processing systems are incorporated in the design.
3.5.3 Process and Effluent Monitoring L
No gaseous or liquid radioactive waste is generated during operation of the ISFSI. Therefore the ISFSI does not incorporate any process or effluent monitoring instrumentation.
O O
3-5
_.. _.... -. _ _ _ ~.
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Troian independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report i
l 3.6 CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE WASTES '
The irradiated nuclear fuel and associated radioactive materials stored at the Trojan ISFSI will be contained entirely within sealed metal baskets. The storage of these materials is a completely passive process and does not involve the use of any chemicals or result in any discharges.
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, sian independent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report l
3.7 SANITARY AND OTHER WASTES 3.7.1 Sanitary Wastes There will be a small quantity of sanitary waste generated by the ISFSI staff. The ISFSI staff will utilize existing facilities at the Trojan site and there will be no additional sanitary waste facilities constructed in conjunction with the ISFSI. The existing Trojan sewage waste i
treatment plant collects drainage of sanitary waste from various site facilities as well as the recreation park. The workforce at the Trojan site will continue to decrease following completion of decommissioning activities. It is possible that the quantity of sanitary waste may eventually drop below a minimum amount necessary to support operation of the existing l
treatment plant. In that event PGE may install a septic system at the site. The potential l
environmental effects of the sanitary waste are discussed in Section 5.4 of this report.
3.7.2 Other Nonradioactive Wastes l
l The Trojan ISFSI will not generate any nonradioactive waste other than the typical waste l
associated with administrative office functions (i.e., scrap paper, etc.). To the extent practicable, such waste paper materials are normally collected for recycling.
3.7.3 Gaseous Emissions There will be no gaseous emissions associated with operation of the Trojan ISFSI.
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3-7
Troian independent svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report 3.8 REPORTING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL MOVEMENT l
O The Trojan ISFSI will be located entirely within the existing site boundary of the Trojan i
Nuclear Plant. The initial loading and operation of the Trojan ISFSI will not involve the off-site transportation of any irradiated nuclear fuel or any waste classified as GTCC waste on any public roadways. There are no specific reporting requirements associated with movement of these materials within the Trojan site.
The transfer of spent nuclear fuel from the Trojan Nuclear Plant spent fuel pool to the ISFSI will be accomplished in compliance with applicable Oregon Administrative Rules, including any reporting requirements.
O I
O 3-8
___..___._....__m...._
5
~ Troian Independent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report 3.9 TRANSMISSION FACILITIES The Trojan ISFSI will not require the construction of new transmission facilities. As discussed in Section 3.2 of this report, electrical power for the Trojan ISFS1 will be provided from the existing on-site distribution system at the Trojan site.
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!O 3-9
Troian Independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report 3.10 REFERENCES FOR SECTION 3 O
1.
Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report
' 2.
Trojan ISFSI Security Plan i
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O 3-10
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e' Troian independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report i
('
SECTION IV - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF SITE PREPARATION AND
(
FACILITY CONSTRUCTION 4.1 SITE PREPARATION AND FACILITY CONSTRUCTION 4.1.1 Effects on Land Use l
The Trojan ISFSI will be located entirely within the existing developed area of the Trojan site. The site of the proposed ISFSI is located within the current fenced boundary of the Trojan industrial area. The area where the ISFSI will be constructed is now paved or graveled. Any temporary structures or trailers used during the construction project will similarly be located within the existing developed area of the Trojan site. The existing terrain will not be altered by the site preparation or construction activities.
An existing Radioactive Waste Storage Building, a warehouse building (Wright-Schuchart-Harbor Warehouse), and a portion of the existing Maintenance Building occupy portions of the ISFSI site. The Radioactive Waste Storage Building is of standard metal siding on steel space frame construction resting on a concrete slab foundation. This building will either be dismantled for possible reuse or demolished for disposal. The concrete slab will also be demolished or modified as required. The Wright-Schuchart-Harbor Warehouse will also eventually be dismantled and portions ofits concrete slab demolished or modified as required (portions of this building may be used as a construction facility during fabrication of the ISFSI concrete storage casks). The north end of the existing Maintenance Building and slab O
will also be razed.
U The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will have no impact on off-site land use.
4.1.2 Effects on Water Bodies Use Construction of the Trojan ISFSI will have no adverse impact on local water sources.
Concrete for the slab and storage casks will arrive at the site ready mixed. Small quardities of water will be used for cleaning operations and fugitive dust control (spraying). This water will be supplied from PGE owned water sources on the Trojan site (domestic water wells).
Excavated materials will not be dumped into any existing body of water. Runoff during the construction project will be directed to the existing site drainage system.
The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will not require draining of any existing body of water.
The construction will not require dewatering of the excavation site since the expected excavation level is well above the existing water table. Accumulations of rainwater in excavated areas may require pumping to the existing drainage system.
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i lO 4-1
Trojan independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report I
4.1.3 Impact on Work Force The initial ISFSI site preparation activities will be completed primarily by existing PGE staff with possible augmentation by contract personnel. Installation of secudty and lighting systems will also be accomplished primarily using existing PGE staff with possible augmentation by contract personnel. The pouring and construction of the ISFSI concrete cask storage foundation will involve approximately twelve workers and will require approximately five weeks to complete. The TranStor concrete casks will be fabricated over a period of approximately thirty-six weeks and will require approximately five workers. These numbers of workers are small compared to the original construction work force of the Trojan Nuclear Plant and to the permanent staff that was required for the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The site is in an area that has experienced construction of several large industrial facilities in addition to the construction of Trojan Nuclear Plant. There are adequate facilities l
to accommodate the relatively small number of workers required during construction of the l
Trojan ISFSI. The number of workers associcted with the Trojan ISFSI will be much less than the number typically employed during past refueling and maintenance outages at the Trojan Nuclear Plant. There are no significant adverse impacts expected on temporary housing or schools as a result of the construction of the Trojan ISFSI.
4.1.4 Impact of Construction Generation of Fugitive Dust i
The generation of fugitive dust during the construction of the Trojan ISFSI will be minimal.
Construction. traffic will utilize existing paved roadways and the construction area '
!O surrounding the proposed ISFSI site is currently paved or graveled. The primary source of L
fugitive dust will be from wind erosion of excavated materials and concrete demolition. The l
typical practice of wetting surfaces during concrete demolition will minimize dust generation.
l Only limited excavation will be required to prepare the construction site. The proposed site is located on level terrain in an area that was previously excavated to near bedrock level during the original site preparation for the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
I
-4.1.5 Impact on Wildlife L
As part of the original licensing of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, PGE prepared and submitted an 1
i environmental report to the NRC addressing the potential impact of the construction and operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on the surrounding environment (References 1 and 2).
The NRC reviewed this environmental report and issued a final environmental statement dated August 1973 (Reference 3). Both PGE's Environmental Report and the NRC's Final L
Environmental Statement concluded that the construction and operation of the Trojan Nuclear l
Plant would have no significant adverse effect on the wildlife in the areas surrounding the L
' site. In conjunction with the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, PGE has monitored the area surrounding the proposed ISFSI site for many years. This monitoring did not identify any significant adverse environmental impacts on wildlife as a result of the original construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The construction of the proposed ISFSI will take place entirely within the portion of the Trojan site that has already been developed and
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committed to industrial use. The construction activities associated with the proposed ISFSI are minor in scope compared to the original construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on the j -
same site. The ISFSI construction activities will not involve the disturbance of any 4-2
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Troian Inderwndent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report l
previously undisturbed areas or wildlife habitat. Therefore, the construction of an ISFSI on O.
the Trojan site is not expected to have any adverse effect on wildlife in the surrounding areas.
l 4.1.6 Construction Noise l
The construction of the ISFSI facility will result in modest noise generation. Trucks and l
other construction equipment will generate noise along with the miscellaneous naise sources normally associated with light construction activities. PGE does not anticipate the need for any explosives during the site preparation or ISFSI construction activities. The noise levels during construction of the ISFSI will be similar to those that have existed at the Trojan site in the past during original construction, plant operation and decommissioning activities. The l
nearest occupied dwellings are located approximately 0.6 miles north-northwest of the ISFSI l
site. A large natural berm approximately fifty feet in height extends along the north and east edges of the ISFSI site. This berm will partially shield any noise that may be generated l
during ISFSI construction.
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Troian independent svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report i
4.2 TRANSMISSION FACLUTIES CONSTRUCTION i
There are no transmission facilities being constructed to support the Trojan ISFSI. The ISFSI 4
will be located adjacent to existing structures at the Trojan site. Electrical power for lighting 1
j and security systems will be provided from the existing electrical services.
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Trolan Indeoendent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report 4.3 RESOURCES COMMITTED The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will not result in any major irreversible commitments of resources.
4.3.1 Water There will be no commitments of waterways, bodies of water or on-site water supplies involved in the construction of the Trojan ISFSI. Small amounts of water will be used in batching of concrete, dust control, and wash down of concrete transport and pouring equipment.
4.3.2 Air No local or site air resources will be committed to the construction of the Trojan ISFSI.
4.3.3 Biota There will be no loss of flora during construction of the Trojan ISFSI. The construction activities will take place on a portion of the Trojan site that has already been developed and is currently covered by pavement or gravel.
The construction effects on local fauna will be minimal. As noted above, the construction activities will take place on a portion of the Trojan site that is already developed and does not serve as habitat for local fauna. The Trojan ISFSI is a relatively small construction effort compared to the initial construction and operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant on this same O
site. The original construction and operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant had minimal impact on the local fauna.
4.3.4 Materials Various construction materials such as concrete and steel will be committed during the construction of the Trojan ISFSI. Some materials such as structural steel may be salvaged after the ISFSI has reached the end ofits useful life. The materials contained in the concrete are considered irretrievably committed.
4.3.5 Summary of Resources Committed Relatively small quantities of the resources discussed above will be required for the construction of the Trojan ISFSI. The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will not unduly alter the existing resource mix either locally or regionally.
O 4-5 V
Troian independent Sverit Fuel Installation Environmental Report l
l l
(3 4.4 RADIOACTIVITY
~
The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will take place within the site boundary of the existing Trojan Nuclear Plant. PGE's activities at the Trojan Nuclear Plant are conducted in accordance with a possession only license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The possession only license was issued pursuant to 10 CFR 50. PGE is bound by the provisions of 10 CFR 20 related to the control of radiation exposure to members of the pubhc and workers. 10 CFR 20 places limits on the amount of such radiation exposure that may
)
result from activities at the Trojan site.
Since the Trojan Nuclear Plant ceased operation in 1993, PGE has completed a number of significant decontamination and decommissioning activities. These activities combined with the natural decay of radioactive materials over time have reduced both the number and size of the remaining radiation areas at the site. As a result, the number and extent of radiation areas 2 remaining at the Trojan site are limited. These radiation areas primarily exist within the main power block buildings (e.g., the reactor building, auxiliary building and fuel building). The construction of the ISFSI will not involve activities within these radiation areas. 'Ihe irradiated nuclear fuel is now stored under water in the Trojan spent fuel pool inside the fuel building and will pose no undue risk of radiation exposure to the workers involved in the construction of the ISFSI.
Access to the portion of the plant site inside the industrial area fence is restricted as part of PGE's radiation control program. The construction of the ISFSI will take place entirely f]
within this restricted area 3 This area is controlled and monitored to ensure that workers will not receive an annual dose in excess of ten percent of the NRC's limits for occupational v
4 radiation exposure. Ten percent of the occupational radiation exposure limit equates to a total effective dose equivalent of 0.5 rem per year. Activities in this area are further controlled to ensure that the radiation exposure from external sources to any individual worker will not exceed 0.002 rem in any one hour.
2 10 CFR 20.1003 defines a " radiation area" as an area, accessible to individuals, in which radiation levels could result in an individual receiving a dose equivalent in excess of 0.005 rem in I hour at 30 centimeters from the radiation source or from any surface that the radiation penetrates.
3 10 CFR 20.1003 defines a " restricted area" as any area to which access is limited by the licensee for the purpose of protecting individuals against undue risk from exposure to radiation and radioactive materials.
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The NRC's limits on occupational radiation exposure are contained in 10 CFR 20.1201--
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_ CONSTRUCTION IMPACT CONTROL PROGRAM O
4.5.1 Construction Traffic Control Construction traffic will utilize existing public roadways and roadways currently existing on the Trojan site.
4.5.2 Dust and Particulate Emission Control Existing public roads and roads on the Trojan site that will be used during construction of the ISFSI are generally paved.
4.5.3 Noise Control No special provisions for noise control will be needed during ISFSI construction. Trucks and other construction equipment will generally be fitted with standard noise control devices
-(e.g., exhaust mufflers).
4.5.4 Chemical Waste Management A chemical control program will govern the potential or actual use of hazardous chemicals during the construction of the ISFSI. Precautions will be taken to avoid handling or storage of hazardous liquids in close proximity to drainage areas.
4.5.5 Solid Waste Management Construction debris and spoils will be collected and stored at the Trojan site pending salvage or disposal in an approved manner. Concrete rubble and debris will be recycled if economically viable or will be disposed ofin an approved manner.
4.5.6 Site Clcaring The ISFSI site is located entirely within the existing developed area of the Trojan site. The ISFSI site is currently paved or covered with gravel. Construction of the Trojan ISFSI will not require the clearing of any vegetation.
4.5.7 Excavation and Soil Deposition As discussed above, the ISFSI will be constructed entirely within the boundaries of the developed area of the Trojan site. The ISFSI will be built on a level portion of the site that is currently paved and graveled. Only limited excavation will be required in preparation for construction of the ISFSI. Only about eight inches ofloose dirt and gravel will be removed in preparation for construction of the ISFSI cask storage foundation. Existing concrete building foundations will be demolished or modified to make room for the ISFSI cask storage pad.
The site preparation and ISFSI construction will not significantly alter the existing drainage patterns exiting at the Trojan site. Portions of the ISFSI security fencing may extend onto the slopes of the earthen berm running along the north and east sides of the ISFSI site. The barren surfaces of the berm facing the ISFSI were exposed during the original excavation for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The berm surfaces are now partially covered with grasses and other low growing vegetation. Minor excavation for fence posts and footings will not significantly alter the berm surfaces.
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4.6 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 4 tO 1.
Trojan Nuclear Plant, Applicant's Environmental Report, Operating License Stage, dated May 29,1970.
2.
Trojan Nuclear Plant, Supplement to Applicant's Environmental Report, Operating
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l License Stage, dated November 8,1971.
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Final Environmental Statement Related to the Operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, l
dated August 1973.
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i Trolan independent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report SECTION V - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF FACILITY OPERATION 5.1 EFFECTS OF OPERATION OF HEAT DISSIPATION SYSTFM The TranStor* Storage System to be used at the Trojan ISFS1 is designed to use the natural circulation of air for cooling. This design allows the transfer of the heat generated by the i
decay ofradioactive materials to the outside air. Air will enter each concrete cask at inlets at the bottom of the cask. The air will then flow over the surface of the sealed steel basket containing the irradiated fuel. The air will pick up heat from the surface of the internal steel basket and rise to the top of the concrete cask. The warm air will then exit the concrete cask j
through outlets provided at the top of each concrete cask.
Since the concrete casks are stored in the open air, this heat is quickly dissipated to the surrounding air volume.
Each TranStor* Storage System is designed to remove a maximum of 26 kilowatts of decay heat. The Trojan ISFSI will contain a maximum of thirty-six casks. Thus the maximum total thermal discharge to the surrounding air allowed by design will be less than one megawatt of heat (approximately 50,000 BTU / min). The actual amount of heat released by the Trojan I
ISFSI will be significantly less than this maximum design value (about half) and will continue to decrease over time.
This maximum design heat production rate is less than would be produced by burning a half O
gallon of No. 2 fuel oil per minute or approximately equivalent to the solar radiation falling on the ISFSI slab on c warm summer day. By comparison, during operation of the Trojan i
Nuclear Plant, the natural draft cooling tower located near the ISFSI site released about 2300 s
megawatts of heat to the surrounding air. This is more than two thousand times the amount of heat that will be discharged by the ISFSI. PGE's initial environmental report and the NRC's final environmental statement for the Trojan Nuclear Plant found that these much greater thermal release rates would have no significant environmental impact. PGE's environmental monitoring of the Trojan site during the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant likewise noted no adverse impacts.
5Environmental Report for the Trojan Nuclear Plant, Section 3.5 -- Heat Dissipation System 5-1
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5.2 RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT FROM ROUTINE OPERATION O
i 10 CFR 20, " Standards for Protection Against Radiation," and 10 CFR 72, " Licensing Requirements for the Independent Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste," establish specific limits and requirements related to the potential radiation exposure resulting from operation of an ISFSI. The radiation protection program for the Trojan ISFSI will reflect PGE's policy of maintaining radiation exposures to plant personnel and the general public, and releases of radioactive materials to unrestricted areas as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
The Transtor Storage System is designed to maintain radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable during initial loading and during storage. There are no expected radioactive effluents (gaseous or liquid) associated with the routine operation of the Trojan ISFSI. Shielding incorporated in the design of the TranStor Storage System minimizes the radiation exposure resulting from penetrating radiation. The TranStor Storage System is designed to limit external radiation exposure to an average external side surface dose (gamma and neutron) ofless than 100 mrem /hr on the sides and 200 mrem /hr on the top and at the air vents. The design maximum dose rate at the top of the TranStor Basket structurallid is
'200 mrem /hr to allow limited personnel access during basket closure operations. The specific design features of the TranStor Storage System that serve to limit radiation exposure to workers and the public are described in Chapter 7.3 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report.
O Conservative estimates of the annual maintenance, inspection and periodic monitoring requirements result in a collective dose of 5 rem /yr (for all 36 casks). The dose rate will decrease over time during the life of the ISFSI due to decay of the radioactive materials within the sealed baskets.
Section 72.104 of 10 CFR 72 sets whole body dose limits for an individual located beyond the controlled area at 25 mrem per year during normal operations and anticipated occurrences.
The design of the Trojan ISFSI complies with this requirement.
The initial loading of the Transtor Baskets will be conducted under the requirements of PGE's existing license for the Trojan Nuclear Plant granted under the provisions of 10 CFR
- 50. As such, the radiation protection program and radiation exposure limits during these operations will be governed by the requirements of 10 CFR 20 and PGE's existing radiation protection program. The activities involved in the loading of the TranStor* Storage System are described in Chapter 5 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report.
Chapter 7.4 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report describes the radiation protection measures involved in the initial loading of the TranStor Baskets in the Trojan Nuclear Plant fuel building and the estimated radiation exposure. Radioactive waste generated during this process will be processed under the provisions of the Trojan Nuclear Plant's existing 10CFR50 license. The estimated occupational radiation doses associated with the loading of the TranStor* Storage System and the transport of the concrete casks to the ISFSI pad are shown in Table 5-1 below.
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Table 5-1
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Occupational Radiation Dose-Cask Loading and Transfer Dose (person rem / cycle)
Load TranStor 50.63 Storage System (36)
Transport Concrete 2.41 j
Casks (36) to ISFSI l
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Troian Independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report 5.3 EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE DISCHARGES l
As described in Section 3.6 of this report, the only chemical or potential biocide materials I
used at the Trojan ISFSI will be small quantities of common detergents and janitorial supplies used for cleaning of office facilities associated with operation of the Trojan ISFSI. The Trojan ISFSI staff will utilize existing office facilities at the Trojan site that are separate from l
the ISFSI facility. Therefore, this does not represent any increase in the use of such
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detergents and janitorial supplies. These chemicals will not have a significant adverse effect on the environment.
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5.4 EFFECTS OF SANITARY WASTE DISCHARGES The Trojan site is served by an existing sewage treatment plant. The Trojan sewage waste l
i treatment plant collects drainage of sanitary waste from various site facilities as well as the L
recreation park. A sequential batch wastewater treatment plant was placed into service in l
November 1989. This plant is rated at 75,000 gallons per day. The facility provides wastewater treatment through batch reaction in an aerated mixed liquor media followed with i
solids removal by settling and disinfection with hypochlorite prior to discharge.
l This plant has more than sufficient capacity to accommodate the work force that will be required during ISFSI operation. The size of the expected work force combined with workers l
involved in decommissioning activities for the Trojan Nuclear Plant will be significantly less than the number of workers typically employed during past refueling and maintenance outages at the Trojan Nuc!aar Plant. The workforce at the Trojan site will continue to decrease following completion of decommissioning activities. The quantity of sanitary waste i
may eventually drop below a minimum amount necessary to support operation of the existing
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treatment plant. In that event PGE may install a passive system such as a septic tank and i
drain field or filter. There would be no measurable discharges from a properly designed passive system, i
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i 5.5 EFFECTS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ELECTRICAL f
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM l
As described in Section 3.2, electrical power for lighting, security systems and the security
' access facility will be provided from the existing electrical services at the Trojan site. The on site power distribution system was designed to support the auxiliary loads associated with operation of a large nuclear power plant. Since PGE ceased operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, many of these electrical loads are no longer used. Therefore, the existing electrical distribution system can easily accommodate the relatively small loads associated with the Trojan ISFSI without major modifications such as the installation of additional large transformers.6 As a result, there will be no significant change in the operation and maintenance of the on-site electrical distribution system and the operation and maintenance of the electrical distribution system associated with the Trojan ISFSI will have no adverse effect on the environment.
O 6The electrical distribution system may require modifications in the future due to the continuing decommissioning activities at the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The extent of such modifications will depend on the extent of the eventual dismantlement of the existing Trojan Nuclear Plant electrical distribution system. Any such future modifications will be evaluated in O,
accordance with 10 CFR 72.48(a)(1)(iii) to ensure that there is no significant unreviewed environmentalimpact; 5-6
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.5.6 OTHER EFFECTS 4
5.6.1 Noise Impact The storage ofirradiated fuel and associated materials at the Trojan ISFSI is a passive process
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I and will not involve significant noise generation. The cooling for the Transtor Storage 1
System is by natural air convection and will not use fans or other active cooling equipment.
l The only sources of noise associated with ISFSI operation will be during the initial movement l
of concrete casks from the Trojan Fuel Building to the ISFSI and, at a later date, the loading j
ofTranStor Shipping Casks for transport to a federal repository or other interim storage l
j facility. These activities will involve minor noise generation from vehicles and lifting equipment. These noise sources are similar to those that have existed at the site during i
4 operation and maintenance of the Trojan Nuclear Plant and during decommissioning activities. As noted in Section 4.1.6 -- Construction Noise, the nearest occupied dwellings are i.
located approximately 0.6 miles north-northwest of the ISFSI site. The Columbia river runs
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parallel to the east edge of the ISFSI site. A large natural berm approximately fifty feet in j
height extends along the north and east edges of the ISFSI site. This berm will partially l
shield these dwellings and the nearby Columbia river from any noise that may be generated.
Minor noise generation during ISFSI loading and unloading operation will not result in any adverse impact to the surrounding environment.
5.6.2 Climatological Impact The operation of the Trojan ISFSI will have no adverse effect on the local or regional climate.
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As noted in Section 5.1 -- Effects of Operation of the Heat Dissipation System, the amount of heat released to the air in the vicinity of the ISFSI is relatively small and much lower that the thermal discharges previously associated with the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The heated air exiting the concrete casks will naturally rise and quickly mix with the surrounding i
air volume. The air temperature should retum to normal within a short distance of the concrete casks.
The Trojan ISFSI will not release any water vapor or particulate matter to the air. The surface temperature of the concrete casks will not be suflicient to vaporize any significant amount of j
precipitation. Thus, there should be no adverse effect on fog levels in the area of the Trojan ISFSI.
j 5.6.3 Impact on Wildlife j
The operation of the ISFSI will occur entirely within the boundaries of the existing developed area of the Trojan site. Operation of the ISFSI will not create any additional disturbance of wildlife in the surrounding area.
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5.6.4 Impact of Runoff from Operation The site where the ISFSI will be constructed is currently a part of the developed area of the Trojan site. The area is level and currently covered with pavement or gravel. The operation of the ISFSI will not produce any significant additional runoff beyond that currently experienced.
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Under normal operating conditions, all radioactive materials are contained within the sealed j
metal TranStor Baskets. Any minor surface contamination remaining on the sealed metal
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l baskets is further contained within the TranStor Concrete Casks and is not exposed to precipitation. Therefore, runoff from the ISFSI site will not contain radioactive contamination.
Runoff from the Trojan ISFSI will have no adverse effects on the environment.
l 5.6.5 Vehicle Emissions During Construction and Operation The number of vehicles associated with operation of the Trojan ISFSI will be significantly less than that previously experienced at this site. Therefore, the vehicle emissions associated with construction and operation of the ISFSI will be less than the amounts generated in the past during operation and maintenance of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. These vehicle emissions
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will have minimal impact on the environment.
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5.7 RESOURCES COMMITTED j
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There are no irreversible and irreuievable conunitments of resources associated with operation of the ISFSI facility.
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n 5.8 DECOMMISSIONING AND DISMANTI.ING i
i V
The spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive materials stored in the Trojan ISFSI will eventually be transferred to the DOE for ultimate disposal. The design of the TranStor l
Storage System provides for transferring the sealed metal baskets from their concrete storage l
casks to approved shipping containers. All of the radioactive materials stored in the ISFSI along with their sealed containers will eventually be transferred to a permanent storage facility. This will leave only the empty concrete storage casks, the cask foundation pad, and various accessories such as the transfer station and cask.
Each concrete storage cask has a 2" thick carbon steel liner. Although neutron flux levels from the spent nuclear fuel will be low, it is conservatively assumed that the limited neutron flux may result in some activation of the steel liners. Any such radioactivity would be detected by radiation surveys conducted following transfer and shipment of the baskets. If necessary, PGE will dispose of activated liners by appropriate packaging, shipment, and burial as low level radioactive waste.
As discussed in Section 7 of this report, steps are taken during the loading of the sealed metal baskets to prevent contamination of the basket exterior surfaces. In the unlikely event that such contamination occurs and goes undetected during the loading process, contamination could be transferred from the external surface of a basket to the internal surface of the steel liner. Any such contamination would be detected by radiation surveys conducted following transfer and shipment of the baskets. Such contamination could likely be removed using Q
standard decontamination techniques. However, if necessary, PGE will dispose of V
contaminated liners by appropriate packaging, shipment, and burial as low level radioactive waste.
Operation of the Trojan ISFSI will not generate radioactive effluents and no radioactive contamination of the cask foundation pad and surrounding site is expected to result from ISFSI operations. PGE will perform a final radiation survey prior to completion of decommissioning activities to confirm that the site can be released for unrestricted use.
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5.9 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 5 4
1.
PGE's Supplemental Environmental Report for the Trojan Nuclear Plant, dated November 9,1971 (as amended).
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Trojan Independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmental Report SECTION VI-EFFLUENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND O
MONITORING PROGRAM 6.1 PRE-OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM The ISFSI site and the surrounding areas have been subject to the routine environmental monitoring programs of the Trojan Nuclear Plant as described in Section 6.2.1 below.
In preparation for the decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, PGE has also performed a specific radiological characterization survey to determine the current status of the Trojan site. The results of the initial study are contained in the " Trojan Nuclear Plant Radiological Site Characterization Report," dated August 30,1994. The initial site characterization study included radiation surveys of structures, systems and the environment. The ongoing site characterization process conducted to support decommissioning activities is described in Section 3.1.2 of the Trojan Decommissioning Plan.
Section 4 of the Trojan Decommissioning Plan describes the final radiation survey plan and criteria that will be used to determine the radiological condition of the Trojan Nuclear Plant site after decontamination activities are complete. Prior to construction of the ISFSI, PGE will survey the affected area in accordance with the methodology described in Section 4 of O
the Trojan Decommissioning Plan. This survey will ensure that the ISFSI site meets the site U
j release criteria described in the Trojan Decommissioning Plan.
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OPERATIONAL MONITORING PROGRAMS 6.2 '
6.2.l' Operational Monitoring Program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant The Trojan Nuclear Plant's possession only license (Reference 1), granted under 10 CFR 50, specifies requirements for a radiological environmental monitoring program and a radioactive 7
effluent control program. The license also requires monitoring of the surrounding 8
environment for non-radiological environmental impacts. Such monitoring is also required by the regulations of the state of Oregon (Reference 3).
As required by the license, the radiological environmental monitoring program is described in the Trojan Nuclear Plant's Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM)(Reference 2). The results of this monitoring program are compiled and submitted annually to the NRC. The most recent report was submitted in April of 1995 and covered the results of monitoring activities during the calender year 1994 (Reference 4).
l The results of the radiological environmental monitoring program from 1977 through 1993
- confirm that radioactivity attributable to the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant was not detected in the environmental samples. Since 1993, the amount of radioactivity in effluents has decreased significantly due to the shutdown of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Therefore, the scope of the sampling required by the radiological environmental monitoring program was revised in 1994 commensurate with the permanently shutdown and defueled status of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Proposed changes to this monitoring program were submitted to the Oregon Department of Energy (ODOE) for review. The proposed changes were approved by ODOE on December 12,1994. The changes to the monitoring program are described in the annual radiological environmental monitoring report for 1994 (Reference 4).
The non-radiological environmental monitoring program included aquatic, terrestrial. and aerial monitoring programs. The results of these monitoring programs are compile ' annually and submitted to the NRC. The most recent report covers the calender year 1994 (Reference 5). The scope of the non-radiological environmental monitoring program was also revised in 1994 to account for the permanent shutdown of the Trojan Nuclear Plant and the resulting reduced potential for adverse impacts on the environment. The revised program is described in the annual report for 1994 (Reference 5).
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7The Environmental Monitoring Program is required by Section 5.7.2.5 of the Technical Specifications contained in Appendix A to NPF-1.
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sMonitoring for non-radiological environmental impacts is required by the Environmental l
Protection Plan contained in Appendix B to NPF-1.
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6.2.2 Operational Monitoring Program for the Trojan ISFSI U
Since the Trojan ISFSI is located within the site boundaries of the Trojan Nuclear Plant, the environmental monitoring programs described above will also serve as the operational environmental monitoring programs for the Trojan ISFSI.
Following completion of the decommissioning activities at the Trojan Nuclear Plant, the NRC will eventually terminate the current license granted under 10 CFR 50. PGE will continue environmental monitoring programs to monitor for potential environmental impacts associated with the continued operation of the Trojan ISFSI as required by Oregon state regulations,10 CFR 72, and the ISFSI Technical Specifications required by 10 CFR 72.26.
Since the operation of the Trojan ISFSI will not result in the routine release of radioactive gases, liquids, or solid waste, PGE may propose changes to these monitoring programs following the completion of decommissioning activities at the Trojan Nuclear Plant and the termination of the 10 CFR 50 license.
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I 6.3 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENT AND MONITORING O
PROGRAMS The site of the Trojan ISFSI is not currently subject to environmental measurements or monitoring programs conducted by public agencies.
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Troian Independent Svent Fuel Installation Environmentel Report
6.4 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 6 lp d
1.
Trojan Nuclear Plant Possession Only License NPF-1 as amended through L
Amendment 194 Issued March 31,1995 2.
PGE-1021," Trojan Nuclear Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual," Revision 12, j
December 1994 3.
Oregon Administrative Rules, Sections 345-26-320," Environmental and Effluent Monitoring for Nuclear Installations," and 345-20-330, " Radiological Environmental and Effluent Monitoring" j
PGE-1006-94," Trojan Nuclear Plant Radiological Environmental Monitoring Report 4.
for 1994", April 1995 5.
PGE-1009-94," Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for the Trojan Facility --
i Annual Report 1994" 6.
PGE-1061," Trojan Decommissioning Plan" i
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s Troian Independent Spent FuelInstallation Environmental Report SECTION VH - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTS L
7.1 FACILITY ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVITY The Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis report addresses normal, off-normal, and accident events that are postulated to occur while a loaded storage cask is being moved to the ISFSI storage pad and after the storage cask has been placed on the pad. Events that could occur during loading of the concrete cask in the Trojan Fuel Building are governed by the license granted under 10 CFR 50 and separate licensing submittals. Events postulated to occur after a fuel basket has been loaded into a shipping cask for transport from the Trojan site will be addressed in conjunction with the licensing of the shipping container.
7.1.1 Normal Operation and Operational Occurrences Chapter 8.1 of the Trojan ISFS1 Safety Analysis evaluates the potential for radioactive releases during normal operation as well as a variety of off-normal conditions. The off-normal con'ditions evaluated include: 1) an inadvertent cask movement causing lateral impact of the fuel basket against the inside of the storage cask; 2) extreme ambient temperatures; 3) partial blockage of air passages; and 4) the postulated release of surface contamination from the TranStor Basket.
Of these events, only the postulated release of surface contamination can result in the release of radioactive materials from the ISFSI. Precautions are taken during the loading of the i
TranStor Baskets to prevent contamination of the outer surface and radiation surveys are cd performed to detect potential contamination of the TranStor Baskets and the concrete storage casks prior to moving them to storage. The Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report contains a description of an analysis that was done to demonstrate that the proposed contamination limits would not result in a radiological concern at a distance of 100 meters from the ISFSI. The analysis concluded that the allowable surface contamination limits are 1.0 x10-4 uCi/cm2/ cask beta gamma and 1.0 x 10-5 uCi/cm2/ cask alpha.
7.1.2 Maximum Credible Accident Chapter 8.2 of the Trojau ISFSI Safety Analysis Report evaluates the consequences of several hypothetical accidents to demonstrate that the storage cask system provides a substantial safety margin for the protection of the public, facility personnel, and the environment.
Postulated accidents analyzed in the Safety Analysis Report include blockage of the storage cask air inlet vents, fires, the collapse of the Trojan cooling tower, and the postulated tipping over of a storage cask. Evaluations of these postulated events concluded that none would result in the release of radioactive materials.
However, in order to conservatively bound the effects of any conceivable accident, the Trojan Safety Analysis Report analyzes the consequences of several beyond design basis accidents.
The Safety Analysis Report defines the failure of all the fuel pins stored in a TranStor*
Basket and the simultaneous failure of the TranStor Basket itself as the accident that establishes the Controlled Area Boundary. As demonstrated in the Trojan ISFSI Safety p
Analysis Report, there is no credible event or accident that actually could result in such a V
failure. Using conservative assumptions for transport of the resulting fission gas release, the 7-1
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(S Safety Analysis Report calculates the expected radiation doses from this beyond design basis
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accident at several distances from the cask. The results are shown in Table 7-1.
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Beyond Design Basis Accident l
Whole Body
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Distance from Storage Cask, m Skin Dose, mrem l
(gamma) l 100 4.0E4 407 t
200 1.2E4 116 500 2.3E3 23.2 l
1,000 749 7.6 10 CFR 72.106 establishes the radiation dose limits resulting from design basis accidents for any individual located on or beyond the nearest controlled area boundary. This limit is 5,000 mrem to the whole body or any organ. At the nearest ISFSI controlled area boundary (325 l
meters), the dose to the skin from the maximum hypothetical accident has been conservatively calculated to be 5,000 mrem. The corresponding whole body dose is only a small fraction of the limit.
l 7.1.3 Emergency Planning The emergency plan for coping with postulated accidents at the Trojan ISFSI is contained in l
the Trojan Nuclear Plant Permanently Defueled Emergency Plan, submitted in conjunction l
with the application for the ISFSI license per 10 CFR 72.24(k).
The analyses of the potential radiological impact of off-normal conditions at the Trojan ISFSI demonstrate that any potential radiological releases beyond the exclusion area boundary will l
be limited to small fractions of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Protective l
Action Guide (PAG) exposure levels, as detailed in EPA-400-R-92-001, " Manual of l
Protective Action Guides and Protective Actions for Nuclear Incidents." Therefore, exposure levels which warrant pre-planned response measures are generally limited to the Trojan Industrial Area and the ISFSI Controlled Area.
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7.2 TRANS'PORTATION ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVITY O
The loading and transportation of the TranStor* Storage System to the ISFSI will take place entirely within the existing site of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. The distance from the Trojan Fuel Building to the proposed ISFSI site is less that 300 feet. An air pad system is used to move the loaded casks from the Trojan Fuel Building to the ISFSI pad. The air pad system is inserted under the cask in the opening provided and energized by a standard service air compressor. The cask is towed by forklift, tractor, or other adequate vehicle to the storage
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area and set in position. The cask lift is approximately 3 inches. There are no postulated accidents during the transportation of the cask to the ISFSI that could result in the release of radioactive materials. Details relative to the on-site transportation of TranStor Storage System are contained in Chapter 5 of the Trojan ISFSI SAR.
The analysis of off-site transport of Transtor Storage System is not required since there will be no off-site transport associated with the loading or operation of the Trojan ISFSI. The eventual transfer of the radioactive materials from the Trojan ISFSI for ultimate disposal will be accomplished using a transportation container specifically approved and licensed for that purpose. 10 CFR 71 - " Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials" governs the licensing of such transportation containers. The transfer of the irradiated fuel to the proposed ISFSI will not preclude the eventual transfer ofirradiated fuel to such transportation containers. The TranStor Storage System is designed to allow the transfer of the sealed internal TranStor Baskets to a TranStor* Shipping Cask without the need for repackaging of the radioactive materials within the baskets. The design features of the Trojan ISFSI related to the eventual transfer of radioactive materials from the TranStor Storage System j
to TranStor* Shipping Casks is described Chapter 4 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report.
l The environmental effects associated with the eventual transport of radioactive materials from l
the Trojan site for ultimate disposal will be no different whether the irradiated fuel is transferred to the proposed ISFSI or remains in storage in the Trojan spent fuel pool pending final shipment.
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i 7.3 OTHER ACCIDENTS j
Chapter 8.2 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis Report evaluates the potential consequences j
of a number of other accidents and natural phenomena that could occur over the life of the l
cask. Other postulated events analyzed in the Safety Analysis Report include the effects of:
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collapse of the Trojan cooling tower. Evaluations of these postulated events concluded that I
none would result in the release of radioactive materials from the Trojan ISFSI.
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7.4 REFERENCES
FOR SECTION 7 s
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Trojan ISFSI Safety Analyses Report j
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Trojan Nuclear Plant Permanently Defueled Emergency Plan i
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l SECTION VIII - ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF FACILITY
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CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION l
The Trojan ISFSI site is in an area that has experienced construction of several large industrial facilities in addition to the construction of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
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The workforce needed for the construction of the Trojan ISFSI will consist primarily of PGE personnel with some augmentation by contractor personnel. The peak workforce is expected to be approximately eleven workers during construction of the ISFSI cask foundation pad.
This workforce is a small fraction of the number typically employed during past refueling and maintenance outages at this site. There are no significant adverse impacts expected on l
temporary housing or schools as a result of the ISFSI construction activities. Adequate facilities exist to accommodate the relatively small number of additional temporary workers that may be required for decommissioning activities. The impact of these workers on the local economy will be positive in that it will help to offset the negative economic impact associated with the premature decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
The workforce needed to support operation of the Trojan ISFSI will consist of a security force and a small operations staff to conduct periodic monitoring and inspections. Thesejobs will help to offset the loss of employment associated with the premature decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
PGE has not yet determined the impact of the Trojan ISFSI on local property taxes. The final status of the ISFSI for tax purposes is dependent on the rulings of various government i
v agencies having authority over utility rates and taxation. Since the ISFSI will not be a revenue producing asset, it will not become part of PGE's rate base. It is unlikely that the ISFSI will be subject to additional property taxes beyond those already paid by PGE for the Trojan Nuclear Plant and associated facilities. Should additional property taxes be assessed on the ISFSI, the revenue would help to offset the eventual loss of tax revenues associated with the decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
The construction of the Trojan ISFSI will have a net positive economic and social impact on the local area.
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2 Troian Independent Svent Fuel Installerion Environmental Report SECTION IX - SPENT FUEL STORAGE ALTERNATIVES 9.1 ALTERNATIVES NOT REOUIRING THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW SPENT
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FUEL STORAGE FACILITY 9.1.1 Continued Storage of Spent Fuel in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool The spent fuel can be safely stored in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool pending final transfer to the DOE for ultimate disposal. There are several disadvantages to this alternative. Storage of the j
fuel in the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool relies on maintaining a covering of water over the fuel and 4
the operation of a system to circulate and cool the water as well as providing additional water to makeup for evaporative losses or leakage. This system is more complex than the proposed ISFSI and involves the continued operation and maintenance of a number of active systems including electrical power, water supplies, heat exchangers and associated pumps and valves.
Delaying the removal of the spent fuel from the fuel pool would also fail to take advantage of PGE staff's fuel handling experience and expertise during the eventual movement and packaging of the spent fuel
' Continued use of the. spent fuel pool would also delay the decontamination and dismantlement of the pool and associated support systems.
9.1.2 Transfer to Off-site Storage Facility There are no facilities available or projected to be available to provide for the interim storage of spent fuel and other radioactive materials from the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
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9.2 ALTERNATIVES REOUIRINO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW FUEL STORAGE FACILITY
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9.2.1 Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (ISFSI)
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An ISFSI is a viable alternative for the interim storage of the spent fuel currently stored in the i
Trojan Spent Fuel Pool. Various design alternatives are described in Section 10.
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SECTION X - FACILITY DESIGN ALTERNATIVES y q i O j
10.1 DESIGN ALTERNATIVES ISFSI fuel storage systems from a number of different vendors were evaluated for the Trojan
' ISFSI. The fuel storage systems evaluated were all dry storage systems and included:
canister-based dual purpose systems suitable for both storage and eventual off-site a
transportation; and horizontal and vertical concrete vault systems suitable only for fuel storage.
j PGE's evaluation process compared the various designs based on a number of factors. The factors considered included:
1 Compatibility with the proposed site; Potential radiation exposure; j
Effects of postulated off-normal events; Regulatory compliance and licensing issues; and
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l Cost and other commercial considerations.
j Based on this evaluation, PGE selected the dual purpose canister type dry storage system l
designed by Sierra Nuclear Corporation. Chapter 4 of the Trojan ISFSI Safety Analysis
.i Report contains a detailed description of the SNC TranStor storage system.
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10.2 LOCATION ALTERNATIVES
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PGE evaluated six possible locations for the Trojan ISFSI. All of these sites were within the existing site boundaries of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Sites other than the existing Trojan site I
were not considered as practical alternatives for several reasons. As the site of a previously i
licensed nuclear power facility, the Trojan site is inherently well suited for this type of facility. The seismology and hydrology of the site have been previously studied and been found acceptable for a nuclear facility. The environment of the site has been studied and l
monitored for many years. Any proposed site remote from the Trojan facility would require j
significant additional reviews and analyses to determine its suitability. Siting the ISFSI at a l
remote location would also require that the irradiated fuel be transponed some distance via public roads or waterways prior to loading in the ISFSI. For these reasons, the site selection i
1 process focused on the existing Trojan site area.
Figure 10-1 shows the locations of the various sites considered by PGE. The factors considered in the evaluation of these potential sites included:
i, The degree of site preparation work required (e.g., clearing or grading, demolition of a
i existing facilities).
The suitability of the underlying soil structure to support the facility.
j Access for construction equipment and materials.
The impact of the location on the consequences of postulated accidents including p
those associated with the possible future location of a gas turbine electrical generating
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facility at the Trojan site.
Radiation protection considerations.
l Physical security considerations.
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Potential conflict with ongoing decommissioning activities.
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Ease of transport ofloaded casks from the Trojan Fuel Building.
l Proximity to necessary support facilities (e.g., electrical power, fire suppression
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l systems, etc.)
Potential adverse aesthetic impact.
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j PGE selected the proposed ISFSI site as best meeting the evaluation criteria. The selected
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site has several advantages. It is on a portion of the site that is already developed for industrial use and will not require any clearing ofland or significant excavation. The site is l
1 scated on competent rock with only a thin covering of gravel. The proposed site is well above postulated flood levels. The selected location is within the existing industrial area j
security fence and is near existing electrical, potable water, sanitary waste and fire suppression services. The proposed site is also near the existing Trojan Fuel Building and on i
level terrain to facilitate transport of the concrete casks from the fuel building. The site is isolated from adjacent lands to the north and the Columbia river to the east by large earthen j
berms. These berms will serve to provide shielding from radiation and construction noise and will preclude any negative impact on the aesthetics of the site as viewed from the Columbia 4
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river or Interstate 5 (Interstate 5 runs along the east shore of the Columbia river opposite the j
Tro.jan site).
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10.3 REFERENCES
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Trojan Siting Evaluation dated November,1993 l
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Troian Independent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report A
SECTION XI-
SUMMARY
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS U
11.1
SUMMARY
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS 1
Analyses have shown that the spent nuclear fuel at Trojan may continue to be stored safely in l
the existing spent fuel pool. However, storage of the fuel in the spent fuel pool relies on maintaining a covering of water over the fuel and the operation of a system to circulate and cool the water as well as providing additional water to makeup for evaporative losses or leakage. This system is more complex than the proposed ISFSI and involves continued operation and maintenance of a number of active systems including electrical power, water supplies, heat exchangers and associated pumps and valves.
Construction of the Trojan ISFSI will provide a number of benefits.
The cooling of the spent nuclear fuel in the proposed ISFSI design is completely passive and does not rely on the operation of mechanical equipment.
Transfening the spent nuclear fuel from the spent fuel pool to the ISFSI will allow PGE to proceed with the decontamination and dismantlement of the Trojan fuel building and other portions of the plant currently needed to support operation of the spent fuel pool.
Because ofits passive design, the ISFSI will require a smaller staff than would be required for continued use of the spent fuel pool. This will result in a significant cost p
savings to PGE.
The existing PGE staff's experience and expertise in fuel handling can be utilized for the movement and packaging of the spent fuel.
PGE evaluated the feasibility of constructing an ISFSI at the Trojan site as an integral part of the evaluation of alternatives for decommissioning of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. PGE concluded that proceeding with decontaminating and dismantling of existing structures is the best decommissioning alternative for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. A permanent repository for spent nuclear fuel will not be available in time to support this decommissioning effort.
Therefore, the spent nuclear fuel must be transferred to an interim storage facility in order to complete the decontamination and dismantlement of the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool and associated support systems.
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Troian frulevendent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report
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11.2, REFERENCES FOR SECTION 11 V
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PGE-1061," Trojan Decommissioning Plan" 2.
Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation Project Evaluation and Recommendation, Revision 1, dated March 27,1995.
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Troian Indeoendent Spent Fuel Installation Environmental Report SECTION XII - ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CONSULTATION 12.1 PERMITS AND LICENSES
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In addition to approval from the NRC, the permits, licenses, or notices listed below are required for the Trojan ISFSI.
12.1.1 Local and County Local or county building permits will be obtained as necessary for construction of the ISFSI
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cask storage foundation or the TranStor casks. Sewage treatment for the facilities used by the ISFSI staff will be provided by the existing Trojan sewage treatment plant. At a future i
date the sewage treatment plant may be replaced by a system more suitable for the number of workers remaining at the Trojan site. Appropriate permits will be obtained from local authorities prior to construction of such a system.
12.1.2 State of Oregon The state of Oregon has adopted specific rules governing the storage of spent nuclear fuel and other radioactive materials at an ISFSI. On October 26,1995, the Oregon Energy Facility Siting Council (EFSC) adopted a new Oregon Administrative Rule (OAR) 345-26-390 addressing the use of an ISFSI at the Trojan site. This new OAR establishes certain minimum criteria for an ISFSI facility. The new OAR also requires EFSC approval of PGE's specific plans for the Trojan ISFSI prior to the transfer of spent nuclear fuel or related materials from the Trojan Spent Fuel Pool to the ISFSI. The required EFSC approval will be accomplished ~
l via additional state rulemaking.
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Troian independent Svent FuelInstallation Environmental Report i
12.2 CONSULTATIONS In addition to the agencies discussed above, PGE has consulted the following agencies
- concerning the proposed Trojan ISFSI.
i' 12.2.1 State of Oregon f
l The Oregon Department of Energy and the Oregon Energy Facility Siting Council were contacted during the planning and design of the Trojan ISFSI. As discussed above, the EFSC has adopted specific state rules regarding the storage of spent fuel at an ISFSI. The Oregon i
Department of Energy participated in the development of these state rules.
i Although PGE did not consult with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, the j
regulations of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality are also applicable to the i
construction and operation of the Trojan ISFSI.
12.2.2 Federal Government The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is the only federal agency that has been directly contacted by PGE. However, during the design, construction and operation of the ISFSI and the submittal of this Environmental Report, the requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency and the Occupational Health and Safety Administration are being consulted.
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