ML20128H318
| ML20128H318 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Trojan File:Portland General Electric icon.png |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1984 |
| From: | Sandvik R PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC CO. |
| To: | Martin J NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE REGION V) |
| References | |
| OEAS-814-85L, PGE-1009-84, NUDOCS 8505300491 | |
| Download: ML20128H318 (150) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:i O PGE-1009-84 , OPERATIONAL ECOLOGICAL MONITORIXd PPIOGRAM 4 for the TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT O ANNUAL REPORT 1984 Portland General Electric Company Dept. of Environmental Sciences Portland, Oregon Copyright 1985 O g8aee:88:astasija4 nas' i l
' TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE SECTION I - GENER AL I-l
- 1. Acknowledgements 1-1
- 2. Introduction 1-2 A. General 1-2 B. Trojan and Its Environment 1-2 C. Trojan Ecological Monitoring Program I-5
- 3. Summary 1-10
- 4. Technical Specification Reports 1-12 SECTION II- COLUMBIA RIVER AQUATIC PROGRAM 11 - 1
- 1. Physical and Chemical 11.- l
- 2. Fish Impingement 11 - 2 3
, 3. Fish Behavior 11 - 2 4 SECTION III - TERRESTRIAL PROGR AM 111 - 1
- 1. Aerial Photography 111 - 1
- 2. Chemical Composition of Salt Drift Precipitation 111 - 7
- 3. Birds 111 - 1 5 l 4. Incidental Observations 111 - 2 2 l
SECTION IV - RECREATION LAKE AQUATIC PROGRAM IV-1 f
- 1. Recreation Lake Fish IV-1
- 2. Benthic Invertebrates IV-6 SECTION V - REFERENCES V-1 l 11 O
(% q FIGURES PAGE I-l Water Circulation System at the Trojan Nuclear Plant I-4 I-2 Trojan Net Electric Generation I-6 11 - 1 Columbia River Sampling Stations 11 - 2 II-2 Columbia River Temperature 11 - 4 II-3 Columbia River Conductivity II-6 11 - 4 Columbia River Dissolved Oxygen 11 - 9 11 - 5 Columbia River Percent Oxygen 11 - 1 0 II-6 Columbia River pH 11-13 11-7 Columbia River Total Alkalinity 11 :1 5 II-8 Columbia River Secchi Disk 11-17 II-9 Columbia River Discharges 11 - 1 9
- 11-10 Columbia River Chlorophyll a_ 11-22 11 - 1 1 Echo-Sounding Survey Transect Locations 11 - 2 5 III-l Trojan Color AerialImagery III-5 III-2 Aerial Photography Study Area Map III-6 III-3 Salt Drift Collector Stations III-8 III-4 Precipitation at Trojan Power Plant III-9 III-5 Trojan Bird Census Transects III-16 IV-1 Recreation Lake Fish Catch Per Effort IV-3 IV-2 Recreation Lake Total Fish Blomass IV-3 IV-3 Recreation Lake Fish - Percent Selected Species IV-4 IV-4 Recreation Lake Fish - Blomass IV-5 IV-5 Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates - Total Mean Density IV-9 IV-6 Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates - Percent Taxa Composition IV-9 IV-7 Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates - April Density 1974-1984 IV-10 IV-8 Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates - Species Mean Density IV-10 111
i-l
- +
t TABLES PAGE 11 - 1 Columbia River Temperature 11 - 5 II-2 Columbia River Conductivity 11-7 11 - 3 Columbia River Dissolved Oxygen . 11 - 1 1
- 11 - 4 Columbia River Percent Oxygen 11- 1 2 i
II-5 Columbia River pH 11 - 1 4 11 Columbia River Total Alkalinity II-16 11 - 7 Percent Willamette River Contribution 11 - 2 0
. II-8 Columbia River Chlorophyll a 11-21 ,
111 - 1 Aerial Imagery Requirements and Specifications III-2 III-2 Monthly Deposition of Chemicals 111-11 l III-3 Total Mineral Deposition,1984 III-12 III-4 Total Deposition of Chemicals, 1974-1984 III-14
- III-5 Trojan Bird Census Data,1984 III-17
. ' III-6 Trojan Bird Species Richness III-19 III-7 Trojan Bird Densities, 1974-1984 111 - 2 0 v _ ,,_ . , , . _.s. --- .- . ..~,.._____.__m. -
SECTION I GENERAL
- 1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- This annual report, prepared .by Portland General Electric Company (PGE),
describes the aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant for the period January through December 1984. The individuals responsible for report preparation are listed below. i Field Sampling S. C. Bullock S. C. Katkansky R. J. Klein Chemical Analyses (Analytical Laboratory) 3. E. Bettineski i C. M. Carpenter R. J. Durley D. P. Pearson D. L. Thomas T. M. Wellington Primary Authors S. C. Bullock , L. M. Carter S. C. Katkansky R. J. Klein l Data Processing Coordination N. Cause Report Preparation Coordination P. L. Bresmer S. C. Katkansky Managerial Assistance R. M. Sandvik l l l b i l' O i-> l I. , i
- 2. INTRODUCTION A. General
~ Portland General Electric Company (PCE), Eugene Water and Electric Board, and Pacific Power & Light began site preparation for_the Trojan Nuclear Plant near Prescott, Oregon, in February 1970. Trojan began o- commercial operation in December 1975.
- PGE retained BEAK Consultants Inc., in December 1975 to conduct the ecological monitoring program for Trojan. The draft technical speci-fications defined the basic limits of the program. Later the Environ-mental Technical Specifications Appendix A of the Operating License.
L ' outlined the program. During 1977, several portions of the study were i taken over by PGE Environmental Sciences personnel. Since 1978, PGE i staff scientists have been reeponciblo for program management and , implementation. , 4 In 1981, an amendment request to Facility Operating License NPF-1 for the Trojan Nuclear Plant was approved by the Nuclear Regulatory
- Commission (NRC), resulting in modiflod Environmental Technical Specifications. Under Appendix B. Part 11 of the Operating License, an Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) was developed to comply with amended NRC Technical Specifications (Appendix A-1). The EPP was c approved by the Oregon Department of Energy in response to state i requirements for environmental and effluent monitoring at thermal power plants (OAR 345-26-045 OAR 345-26-060, OAR-26-075). The t Trojan Environmental Protection Plan elements are presented in
- Appendix A-2.
B. Trolan and Its Environment i The Trojan plant site is near Prescott. Oregon in Columbia County. It , ! occupies an area between the Columbia River at River Mlle (RM) 72.5 and U.S. Highway 30. The economy of the area upstream of Trojan has j traditionally been oriented toward the wood product industries, agri-l culture, ~ manufacturing, commerce, and trade, resulting in numerous ( . upstream sources of chemical discharges: pulp and paper mills, alumi-
- num plants, chemical and fertilizer manufacturers, woolen mills, exotic l metals producers, lumber and wood products plants, agricultural runoff, I ,
and the secondary treated sewage of over a million people. The con-stituents of their discharges may be similar to those monitored at Trojan, making evaluation difficult. In the immediate area of Trojan are pulp and paper mills, a chemical manufacturing plant, and a wood products mill. Calcium, magnesium, ! potassium, sodium, and sulfur are enriched in the local aerial environ- , ment. Some of these airborne chemicals are deposited by precipitation i and can be carried into the watercourse of the Columbia by runoff from subsequent rains or snowfall. 4
e, Q Both the plant and the nearby town of Prescott are located on a rocky ridge (el. 75 feet MSL) approximately 800 feet wide and a mile long, running parallel to the Columbia River. The Trojan Cooling Tower is
- - on a rise at 90 feet MSL. As late as 1900, this ridge was separated from the Oregon shore by a navigable channel. That old channel is
! now a marshy area with an elevation of 3 to 17 feet MSL.
, Along the western edge of the marshy area are Neer Creek and Carr . Slough. At the northern edge is a shallow, natural lake drained by l Carr Slough. As part of site preparation, the southern end of the marshland was excavated to provide a recreational lake and, west of the plant, a reflecting pool. Water levels in these two ponds can be equalized by a welr alongside the access road. Neer Creek, flowing off the steep hillside to the west and along the western edge of the old river channel, has been redirected into the recreational lake. Its flow , ranges from 30 cfs during winter to less than I cfs during summer
. droughts. The overflow from the two ponds is directed into Carr
- Slough through lower Neer Creek and into the Columbia north of i Trojan.
At is 6.5 the xTro{an 10 m3site (RM 72.5), the Columbia River average annual flow
/s (2.3 x 10 5cfs) with an average velocity of 0.55 m/s
- (1.8 fps). Maximum flows usually occur in May,- June, and July when
; snow melts in the high Cascades and Canadian Rocky Mountain headwater areas. These flows range between 450,000 and 700,000 cfs, with an average current velocity of 2 to 3 fps. In the winter months, November through March, when rainfall is prevalent west of the Cascades, the average flow is 150,000 to 300,000 cfs, with an average current velocity of 1.0 to 1.5 fps. A low-flow period occurs in the late summer and fall, with flows of 120,000 to 170,000 cfs and velocities of 1.0 to 1.5 fps. Stated velocities are averaged across the river and over a tidal cycle. Ebb tide velocities are 20 to 30 percent greater.
Velocities near shore may be 40 percent less than velocities at midchannel. The level of the Columbia River near Trojan is influenced by tides. During low river flows and strong tides, flow reversal occurs at River Mlle (RM) 75; however, salt water is not present. Upstream releases from a series of storage reservoirs behind Bonneville Dam and water from tributarles below Bonneville control i the flow of the Columbia at the Trojan site. The minimum flow is 2 established at - 110,000 to 120,000 cfs. The largest tributary below Bonneville Dam, the Willamette River, contributes as much as 20 percent to the river flow at Trojan, but during drought conditions in January 1978, the Willamette contributed over 50 percent of the flow. Figure I-l illustrates the circulation of waters within Trojan, which was carefully designed to assure dilution of the increased concentra-tions of chemicals from the evaporation process of the cooling tower.
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4 k DILOTION (DISCHARGE PIPE STRUCTURE AND OlFFUSER Figure 1-1. Water Circulation System at the Trojan Nuclear Plant. 1..
Use of the cooling tower reduces the maximum heat input to the river to 0.39 percent of what it would be with once-through cooling (AEC 1973). The blowdown water is from the natural draft cooling tower and has a concentration of total dissolved solids 5 to 10 times that of the river water. The blowdown water is diluted at the power plant before it i is discharged into the Columbia River through a 36-inch-diameter diffuser . pipe approximately 40 feet below the river surface and . 175 feet from shore. The mixing zone is that area within 300 feet of 7 - the diffuser, excluding the portion within I foot of the surface of the river. Total intake of river water by Trojan during normal operations is , 20,000 gpm (45 cfs).
- - Figure I-2 illustrates Trojan net electric generation for 1984. Trojan remained in operation except for a shutdown from late April to early September for refueling and maintenance. There were brief outages in late September and during October for maintenance.
i C. Trolan Ecoloalcal Monitorina Procram Based on data from 1974 through 1980 and State of Oregon regulatory J requirements, changes were made to the ecological monitoring program. The revised Trojan Environmental Protection Plan, adopted in 1981, provides the basis for aquatic, terrestrial, and aerial monitoring programs. The following outline summarizes the current Trojan Ecological Monitoring Program elements. Trolan Ecoloalcal Monitorina Proaram , Aauatic Physical and Chemical - Columbia River f Measurement: Temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, alkalinity, Secchi disk transparency, and i ' chlorophyll. - Vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity Location: River Mlle 72.0, Stations B, C River Mlle 72.4, Stations B, C River Mlle 73.7, Stations B, C l Frequency: Monthly, July-November Fish Behavior Measurement: Fish congregation near diffuser and intake area, species, relative abundance Location: Transects between River Miles 72.0 and 72.7 Frequency: At least four times per year I-5 w- , ~ . _ _ - . . w.--,-,i-rmw.._ _%,_,,w.m ,,%. , . , , . - -, __y.my,-.ww.m.,,,,,, w m3 . m- ymn- , y-, ,-,--m--.--m,. , , , , , , - , , - . , , - - ,
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s X (, Fish Imolnoement Measurement: Species, abundance Location: Traveling screens on plant intake structure Frequency: Weekly Fish - Recreation Lake Measurement: Species, abundance Location: Recreation lake Frequency: Twice per year Benthic Invertebrates - Recreation Lake Measurement: Taxa composition, abundance Location: Recreation lake Frequency: Six-week intervals Terrestrial O Aerial Prooram Measurement: Vegetation comhsition and pigmentation Multispectral and color photography Location: Rainier, Oregon,2 square miles Trojan site and Columbia River Miles 70-76, 3- by 6-mile area Tide Creek area Frequency: Spring, summer l Salt Orlft Measurement: pH, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, i chloride, sulfate, silica, alkalinity, volume Location: Trojan and vicinity (8 stations) Frequency: Monthly, January-December I-8
I
, Birds Measurement: Species, abundance
. Location: Trojan area - forest, marsh, open habitats i
! Frequency: May Incidental Observations I - Measurement: Unusual occurrences Location: Trojan area Frequency: Weekly 1 i i I i a
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- 3. L
SUMMARY
{ Results .of ecological studies at the Trojan Nuclear Plant in 1984 are summarized below. A. Columbia River
- 1. Physical-Chemical
~
Water quality monitoring in the Columbia River for 1984 occurred 1 during the lower flow-higher temperature months as described in the revised Trojan Environmental Protection Plan. Physical-chemical data and chlorophyll pigment concentrations indicate slight seasonal and cross-river differences similar to those noted in previous years. These differences respond to regional climatology and upstream influences. Operation of the Trojan power plant did not measurably affect levels of physical-chemical parameters or chlorophyll pigments in the Columbis River in the summer and early fall of 1984.
- 2. Fish Imolnoemd A total of 46 fish were impinged during 1984, with the prickly sculpin being the dominant species, representing 52 percent of the L total. Other species and numbers collected were 10 three- spined
! sticklebacks, five American shad, four white crapple, one yellow perch, one black bullhead, and one unidentified ' remains. No f eulachon or salmonids were impinged in 1984. Twelve crayfish ! and 1,966 freshwater clams were impinged. The clams came from. accumulations of slit which sloughed into the intake structure. Due to the small alze<cf the area, no impact on the total clam population occurred. i The Trojan Intake Syst'em continues to show little potential for impact on the Columbia River fishes, and unless a change of fish behavior in the intake area occurs, impingement at Trojan will have little effect on local fish populations. . l
- 3. Fish Behavior Hydroacoustic data indicated no apparent concentration of fish near the diffuser during the 1983 surveys. Total densities were l
comparable to those of 1976-83; mean number of fish per 1,000 m3 ranged from 0.24 to 0.26 in th9 upriver transects 0.26 to 0.46 in the mixing-zone transects, and 0.41 to 0.49 in the downriver transects. ' Cross-river densities were generally greater along the Oregon and Washington shores than at midchannel. As in the past, results indicated no attraction to or avoidance of the mixing zone on the part of anadromous fishes. 1-10 l .
~ __
m B. Terrestrial Surroundinas
.1. , Aerial Photooraohv Aerial photography of vegetation near Trojan has been carried out since 1974. As in previous years, vegetation in the vicinity of the Trojan Nuclear Plant generally remains in good condition.
Various anthropogenic sources were noted as csunes for t vegetation stress. These included logging, herbicide application. agriculture, and general urbanization factors. Vegetative stress from various natural sources was noted during the year from tto aerial photography and the summer ground truthing. Thew included natural decadence, insect infestations, and moisture stress. I Based on lack of identifiable impacts which could be attribuec to - the operation-of Trojan and the clear stress caused by other anthropogenic and natural forces, it appears all of these other factors greatly outweigh impacts which Trojan might be exerting on the surrounding environment..
- 2. Salt Drift - precloitation Chemical Commsition Major lons present in the cooling tower plume were measured as
- wet and dry precipitation at selected collection sites surrounding
,v h the Trojan plant. Total precipitation deposition at each site was similar to deposition measurco froin 1974 through 1983. Regional wet and dry precipitation for 1984 had an average measured pH of 5.3. These pH values were not af.sociated with the operation of Trojan. Operation of Trojan power plant did not measurably impact the quantity or quality of precipitation in the local environment < except at the base of the cooling tower.
- 3. Ekd1 The bird population in the vicinity of the Trojan Nuclear Plant was censused in May 1984. Sixty-one species were recorded, with densities and community composition remaining similar to that of previous census years 1974-83. These data indicate a stable bird assiemblage in the Trojan region, with only minor year-to-year variation.
No bird mortalltles or unusual spec!as were observed during weekly general pro}ect site surveys. Deleterious impacts on the local bird community at's not evident from the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. 1-11
- 4. Incidental Observattor.a Weekly project site ground surveys were conducted during regularly scheduled field activities to document the occurrence of various unusual species or important events that could result in significant environmental impact. No unusual species were noted during these incidental observation surveys. Heated water was discharged into the recreation take on March 2, resulting in the -
death of 12 carp and 4 white crapple. The extent of the thermal shock. Impact was limited to within the bermed area on the 1 northeast end of the lake. C. Recreation Lake
- 1. Elatt 4-Comparison of the 1974-1984 catch data indicates the occurrence of a naturally fluctuating total fish population in the recreation take. Total catch per effort in numbers and blomass may indicate
-a decrease since 1982 in the number of Centrarchids and perches and possible dominance of carp and goldfish. This succession of dominant fishes in a pond such as the recreation take is a natural ecological process and not a result of plant operation. Control of the carp population may be necessary if more desirable species are to flourish.
- 2. Benthic Invertebrates -
Similar to past years, three taxa (ie, Cullcidae, Chironomidae, and i Oligochaeta) were the primary constituents of the recreation lake i benthic fauna in 1984. Total densities of invertebrates in 1984 were somewhat lower than those of previous years, a reflection of the decrease in numbers of Culleidae. Total densities were again consistently greater at Station 2 than at Station 1, and both stations showed winter high and summer low densities. No plant operation-related changes in the invertebrate population were noted. l
- 4. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION REPORTS A. Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) Noncomollances No EPP noncompliances were observed or reported during 1984.
Consequently, no corrective action was necessary. B. Chances in Station Deslan or Operation l No changes in station design or operation occurred which significently affected the EPP. Consequently, there were no potentially significant ~ unreviewed environmental issues. l I-12 ~
C. Nonroutine Reports One nonroutine report was submitted to the NRC in accordance with Subsection 5.4.2 of the Trojan Operating License, Appendix B. Part II. The December 11, 1984 report, from the plant general manager to the administrator, Region V, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, disclosed that the operational heat discharge limit of 79 million Btu /hr was exceeded from 0200 hours to 0300 hours on November 27, 1984. The average heat discharge rate was 84 million Btu /hr over that one-hour time period. O ' L [ i l l l l l l l I-l3
.. . . . . . ~ . . . _ _ . _. _ ,. .. _ _ _ .
SECTION 11 COLUMBIA RIVER AQUATIC PROCRAM
- 1. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL The 1984 Columbia River physical-chemical monitoring program is a modifica-tion of the program initiated in 1974 to document the physical and chemical character of the Columbia River near Prescott, Oregon. The primary impor-tance in monitoring is to assure that operating the Trojan Nuclear Plant does not adversely change water quality in the river.
This report responds to the monitoring requirements of the Trojan Environmental , Protection Plan adopted in mid-1981. Previously, the Environmental Technical Specifications of the Trojan Operating License defined the program. The report also satisfies requirements of OAR 345-26-060(3) and part of (6), as amended by the Energy Facility Siting Council in 1984. l l Methods Columbia River surface water was sampled from July through October during 1984 and analyzed for dissolved oxygen, conouctivity, temperature, pH, total alkallnity, Secchi disc transparency, and concentrations of chlorophyll pigments. Due to problems with boat maintenance, the November 1984 samples were not collected. Surface water quality and chlorophyll samples were collected from a depth of 1 meter using a 4.1-1 Van Dorn (PVC) sampler. Vertical profiles for dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and conductivity were determined using a Hydrolab Surveyor Model 6D (Hydrolab Corporation, Austin, Texas). Samples were collected at two stations on established transects at RM 72 0, 72.4, and 73.7 (Figure 11-1). Transects 72.0 and 72.4 ar? downriver from and adjacent to the plant discharge, respectively. Transect 75.7 is upriver from the plant. Dissolved Oxyaen was measured with the Hydrolab polarographic probe, which was calibrated before each use by comparison to a Winkler titration (APHA 1976). Temperature was measured with a thermistor probe mounted on the Hydrolab surveyor. it was calibrated before each use by comparison to a mercury ther-mometer with graduations of 0.l*C. Conductivity was measured with the Hydrolab surveyor (four-electrode tech-nique) and expressed as umhos/cm. pli was measured with the Hydrolab surveyor in the field or at the PCE Analy-tical Laboratory with a 407A Orloa pH meter. Total Alkalinity was measured at the PCE Analytical La'.) using potentiometric titration. The results were expressed in mg/L as CACO 3 (APHA 1976). Con-centrations below 0.5 mg/L were not detectable. 11 - 1
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l Figure 11-1. Field sampling stations on the Columbia River for monitoring physical and chemical parameters. 11 - 2 l
Chlorophyll Plaments Samples for measurement of chlorophyll pigments were prepared on the same day as collected by filtration through a 0.45-micron-pore-size membrane filter for' acetone extraction (APHA 1976 Strickland and Parsons 1968). Prepared filters were kept frozen until analyzed at the PGE Analytical Lab.
- Secchi Disc depth measurements were made using a 20-cm-diameter Secchi disc.
Results Results of all chemical analyses are given in Appendix B. Water Temoerature - Figure 11-2 presents the summer and fall surface (1 meter) temperatures in the Columbia River near Prescott. Because of lower flows and higher temperatures during these periods, water quality may be more sensitive to changes at this time. '
-Data on Table 11-1 compares surface water temperatures along the Oregon side of the river from 1974 through 1983 with 1984. The mean of each transect is within 0.2*C of the mean of the other two transects. Seasonal influence on water temperature is apparent, as is the lack of any upstream-downstream dif-
~ference. The river usually varied a few tenths of a degree with depth (Appen-dix B). Station B at RM 72.4 is over the diffuser pipes and is in the mixing zone for plant discharges. - Little, if any, temperature differences occurred at this station.
Apparent lower temperatures for September and October in 1984 (Table 11-1 and Figure II-2) are an effect of sample times rather than environmental changes. In
- .the past, samples were taken near the beginning of each month. Beginning in 1982, samples were taken late in the month. These changes in sample time also create an illusion of higher July water temperatures in 1984 than for the 10-year average.
Samples through time and upstream-downstream indicate minimal, if any, tem-perature changes on surface waters of the Columbia by discharges of warmed water from the Trojan plant. Conductivity - Figure 11-3 and Table 11 present surface conductivity (umhos/cm) in the Columbia River near 'Prescott. As in previous years. conductivity was sometimes higher on the Washington side of the Columbia-(Apper. dix B). Except for October, conductivity values for each month of 1984 were similar to the mean for the 10-year record (Table 11-2). In October, conductivity values in the Willamette River were lower than in the Columbia. L There is no apparent explanation for the low conductivity at 73.7 8 in August. No other sample that month showed low conductivity (Appendix B). The effect of downstream mixing increased the conductivity value of each transect with downstream flow. There were some other upriver-downriver differences in 1983 conductivity values: however, these were small and inconsistent (Table 11-2). No E measurable changes to Columbia River conductivity occurred which could be attributed to the operation of Trojan. 11 - 3
4
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Table 11-1. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly surface water temperature (*C) for 4
. Stations A and B in the Columbia River 1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through 1984.
WATER TEMPERATURE (Degrees Celsius) 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds River Mlle Mean Dev 1984 10-vr
- SD June 73.7 14.9 1.2 - -
72.4 14.8 1.2 - - 72.0 14.9 1.2 - - July 73.7 18.1 1.3 20.5 +1.1 72.4 18.1 1.3 20.5 +1.1 72.0 18.1 1.3 20.5 + 1.1 August 73.7 20.7 0.8 20.7 0.0 72.4 20.7 0.9 20.8 0.0 72.0 20.7 0.9 20.8 0.0 1 September O~ 73.7 19.1 1.0 17.8 -0.3 72.4 19.1 1.0 17.8 -0.3 72.0 19.1 1.0 17.8 -0.3 October 73.7 16.1 2.3 10.5 -3.3 72.4 16.0 2.1 10.3 -3.6 72.0 15.9 2.I 10.4 -2.7 November 73.7 11.2 2.1 - - 72.4 11.4 2.1 - - 72.0 11.4 2.1- - - r - Samples not required.
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Table 11-2. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly surface water conductivity (umhos/cm) for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B from 1980 to 1984. CONDUCTIVITY-(umhos/cm) 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr- Std 1984 Exceeds River Mlle Mean Dev 1984 10-vr
- SD
~ June 73.7 125 136 - -
-72.4 130 135 - -
.72.0 131 148 - -
July 73.7 119 17 121 0 72.4 125 15 125 0 72.0 123 15 125 0 August 73.7 135 15 100 -20 72.4 137 17 128 0 72.0 .137 16 131 0 O September 73.7 72.4 144 148 16 18 140 140 0 0 72.0 146 15 130 -l October , 73.7 143 16 106 -21 72.4 148 14 108 -26 72.0 145 19 110 -16 November 73.7 132 27 - - 72.4 136 23 - - 72.0 137 23 - - b 1 4
- Samples not required.
11 - 7
. ~ . - .- .. - ~ . - . . - -
1 Dissolved Oxvoen - F'gures 11-4 and 11-5 present surface dissolved oxygen (mg/L O2) and percent oxygen saturation. Since dissolved oxygen concentra-tions were consistently greater than 8.0 mg/L, no adverse impacts on blota would be expected. Tables II-3 and 11-4 show data on dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent saturation from 1974 through 1983 compared to 1984 along the Oregon side of the river. Small standard deviations indicate little variation among years. Small differences among the means for each transect illustrate the stability of oxygen concentration with downstream flow. The elevated oxygen values in November reflect the slightly increased oxygen present in the Willamette River relative to the Columbia.
- Operation of Trojan does not appear to have an adverse impact on oxygen concentrations in the Columbia River.
pli- Figure II-6 presents pH data for 1984. Table 11-5 glvsdata on mean pH sampling values along the Oregon side of the river from 1974 through 1983 compared to 1984. While some variations in pH values among the years do occur, standard deviations and the differences between upstream and downstream data are small. l The operation of Trojan does not impact pH values of the Columbia River nearby. Alkalinity - Figure 11-7 presents the total alkalinity values for 1984. Alkallnity (mg/L as CACO3 ) represents the buffering capacity of a water body or its ability
.
- to neutralize acidity. The waters from.the Willamette River along the Oregon shore usually have slightly lower alkallnities and pH than those from the upper Columbia Rlwer along the Washington side.
Table II-6 presents mean alkalinity data for 1974 through 1983 compared to 1984 along the Oregon side of the Columbia. In July the alkalinity values were more than one standard deviation from the 1979-1983 means. These data are again i the effects of the changes in sampling from the first of the month to the last of the month, and the difference between the Willamette and Columbia Rivers. ! Because upstream-downstream differences are smaller than the natural variation among years, operation of Trojan does not appear to impact the alkalinity values in the Columbia nearby. .t Secchi Disc TransoarencY - Figure 11-8 presents 1984 Secchi disc data. During the four sampled months, transparency was greater than the means for the nine
- years. Because conditions were similar upstream and downstream from the Trojan plant, no adverse impacts due to plant operation are indicated.
4
. a
o V o (f o V COLUMBIA RIVER DISSOLVED OXTGEN-1984 RM 73.7 RM 72.4 RM 72.0 MEAN 1974-82 66666 ' ' ' C Vff6h% MILLIGRAMS PER LITER 16 14 - 12 -
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Table 11-3. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly surface dissolved oxygen (mg/L) .for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B from 1980 through 1984. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/L) 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds River Mile Mean Dev 1984 10-vr
- SD
. June 73.7 I1.0 0.8 - -
72.4 10.8 0.8 - - 72.0 10.9 1.0 - - July 73.7 9.4 0.9 9.5 0.0 72.4 9.6 0.9 9.5 0.0 72.0 9.5 0.9 9.5 0.0 i August , 73.7 8.5 0.4 8.1 0.0 - 72.4 8.6 0.4 8.6 0.0
.72.0 ' 8.6 0.4 8.8 0.0 September -
73.7 8.5 0.4 8.9 0.0 72.4 8.5 0.5 9.0 0.0 72.0 8.5 0.6 9.0 0.0 October 73.7 9.1 0.5 11.8 +2.2 72.4 9.2 0.7 11.4 +1.7 72.0 9.1 0.8 11.4 +1.7 [. November ' 73.7 10.0 1.3 - - 72.4 10.1 1.2 - - 72.0 10.1 1.1 - - j - - Samples not required. -
- 11 - 1 1
- - . - - , ~ . - . ,, -. _ . . . - _ . - - , - - - . - ~_ - -, - . , . , . - - _ -- _ . . , - - . . - . - . .
n l Table 11-4. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly dissolved oxygen (% saturation) for ! Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B from 1980 through 1984. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/L) ! 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds ; River Mlle Mean Dev 1984 10-vr
- SD June 73.7 109 7 - -
72.4 107 9 - -
.72.0 107 10 - -
July , 73.7 99 7 105 0~ 72.4 ~ 102 8 105 0 72.0 100 8 105 0 August 73.7 94 4 90 0 72.4 95 4 95 0 72.0 95 5 97 0 l September s 73.7 91 4 93 0 72.4 92 5 94 0 72.0 92 6 94 0 October 75.7 92 4 1% +10 72.4 92 6 100 +2 72.0 92 6 100 +2 November
~ 73.7 92 8 - -
72.4 92 9 - - t 72.0 93 9 - - O
- Sample not required.
11 - 1 2
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- Table 11-5. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly pH (standard pH units) measured in the . laboratory for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through 1984. ,
pH
- l. 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds
- River Mile Mean Qgv 1984 10-vr* SD June 73.7 8.0 0.4 - -
. 72.4 8.0 0.4 - - 72.0 7.9 0.3 - - i July 73.7 7.8 0.2 - 7.7 0.0 72.4 7.9 0.2 7.7 0.0 i 72.0 7.8 0.2 7.7 0.0 - i.
- Agat
- 73.7 7.8 0.2 7.1 -0.5 72.4 7.8 0.2 7.6 0.0 72.0 7.8 0.2 7.6 0.0 i
September 73.7 7.8 0.3 7.8 0.0 72.4 7.8 0.3 7.7 0.0 72.0 7.9 0.2 7.6 -0.I < October . 73.7 7.8 0.2 7.5 -0.1
; 72.4 7.8 0.2 7.8 0.0 72.0 7.7 0.3 7.8 0.0 3-November l 73.7 7.8 0.3 l 72.4 7.7 0.2 l 72.0 7.7 0.2 l..
[ r < l t [ - Sample not required.
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d i Table II-6. Mean (A+B/2) monthly total alkallnity (mg/L as CACO 3) for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through 1984. TOTAL ALKALINITY (mg/L: CACO3) 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds River Mlle Mean Dev 1984 10-vr i SD June 73.7 44 4 - - 72.4 46 4 - - 72.0 46 3 - - July 73.7 44 4 50 +2 72.4 44 4 50 +2 < 72.0 44 4 50 +2 1 August 73.7 50 4 52 0 72.4 50 4 54 0 72.0 50 4 53 0 September 73.7 51 2 54 +1 72.4 52 4 55 0 72.0 52 4 55 0 l October 73.7 53 5 58 0 72.4 55 4 63 +4 72.0 54 '3 57 0 November 73.7 46 10 - . 72.4 49 8 - - 72.0 49 8 - - i'
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N t Q Water Quantity - Figure 11-9 and Table 11-7 present data on mean discharges of-
' the Columbia River at Vancouver and the Willamette River .at its mouth (USGS 1984), and the contribution of the Willamette River to total flow in the Columbia River. Columbia River discharge rates appear to be controlled by snow melting upstream of the confluence with the Willamette River and by storage water releases from upstream. reservoirs. The flow of the Willamette River appears to be controlled by annual precipitation and upstream storage water releases (Highsmith 1968). Flow amounts are given in Appendix B.
Variations In' flow amounts and origins are primary factors in regulating concen- I' trations of the various chemicals, as well as densities and species of blota in the
~
Columbia River near Trojan. Chlorochvll Plaments With the inception of the Trojan Environmental Plan in June 1981, chlorophyll pigments have been the only parameters measured to assess biological productivity along the river course near Trojan. Table 11-8 gives the mean .; monthly chlorophyll a concentrations from 1974-1983 compared to 1984. As in l 1983, mean concentrations of chlorophyll a were lower in 1984 (as in 1983) than , the means of all the years. However, upstream-downstream differences were l minimal, suggesting a natural phenomenon occurred (Figure 11-10). Mean concentrations of chlorophyll a indicate that operation of Trojan did not adversely impact primary production of blota in the Columbia River nearby. Discussion Considering the relatively small discharges (<99 cfs) from Trojan and all the upstream influences on the water quality of the Columbia, the probability of measuring subtle impacts is small. Station comparisons for selected parameters show no unnatural upstream-downstream differences occurred between RM 73.7 and 72.0 from July through October 1984. l Lack of the final November samples for the year because of boat maintenance and adverse weather conditions was not considered to be ecologically significant. River temperatures were low, and flows had increased due to fall rains. No impacts had been found during the summer; thus, no impacts were , expected in the fall from the operation of Trojan. The power plant operation did not change during this time. Comparison of 1964 data with that for previous years indicates all years were generally similar, with differences due to seasonal trends as well as among , stations. ,
; The operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant does not appear to affect the physical-chemical or biological parameters measured in the Columbia River.
~ . Weather and upstream blogeochemical processes govern the Columbia River physical-chemical-biological relationships near the Trojan plant. 11 - 1 8 h
o o o Table II-7. Percent contribution of the Willamette River to the Columbia River near Trojan Nuclear Plant from.1974 through' 1984.* 10-yr 10-yr 10-yr 1974-83 Std % Rel' Month 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1231' 1984 Mean Dev' Var JInua ry 33 35 24 6 52 49 50 18 43 33 27 34 15 44 Fcbruary 23 25 16 5 18 72 36 25 31 37 36 29 18 62 March 24 22 15 27 8 36 26 19 20 21 23 22 7 34 April 15 12 12 25 8 27 13 17 18 16 15 16 6 36 May 8 10 7 25 11 8 4. 5 5 6 10 9 6 68 June 6 6 5 10 4 3 4 6 3 4 6 5 2 41 July 4 5 4 8 4 3 4 3 3 6 4 4 2 36 August 5 9 4 7 6 4 3 2- 3 5. 4 5 2 44 j Srptember 7 10 7 9 9 6 4 5 6 6 5 7 2 28 October 9 15 9 13 10 15 5 12 12 7 13 11 3 31 Nsvember 10 22 10 28 11 44 16 - 20 25 44 21 11 53 D:cember 31 31 6 39 27 56 37 - 43 40 39 34 14 40
- Data from USGS Pacific Northwest Monthly Streamflow Summary. .
II-19
.- ~
O O O COLUMBIA AND WILLAMETTE RIVERS MEAN MONTHLY DISCHARGES-1984-COLUMBIA WILLAMETTE % . CONTRIB. AT VANCOUVER AT MOUTH WILLAMETTE CFS >' 10,000
-~~
60
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'i - -+-----i -T i JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Figure II-9
Table 11-8. Mean [(A+B)/2] monthly chlorophyll a (mg/m3) for phytoplankton for Stations A and B in the Columbia River,1974 through 1979, and Station B in 1980 through 1984. CHLOROPHYLL a 1974-1983 Month and 10-yr Std 1984 Exceeds
>. River Mile Mean Dev 1984 10-vr i SD June 73.7 20.38 9.20 - -
72.4 21.60 9.72 - - 72.0 22.37 9.42 - - July 73.7 17.80 5.83 8.37 -3.60 72.4 18.71 5.76 8.17 -4.78 72.0 17.53 6.I1 5.48 -5.94 August 73.7 11.87 3.33 6.18 -2.36 72.4 11.94 2.88 6.65 -2.41 72.0 11.52 3.10 5.99 -2.43 > September
, 73.7- 10.68 3.27 6.63 -2.41 72.4 10.82 3.29 6.35 -1.I8 72.0 10.20 3.29 6.35 -0.56 October '
73.7 9.25 2.65 6.48 -0.10 72.4 9.29 2.60 6.15 -0.54 72.0 9.18 2.65 4.35 -2.18 I November 73.7 6.04 2.44 - - 72.4 6.26 2.39 - - 72.0 6.14 2.05 - - l O - Sample not required. 11 - 2 1
m m- .m
<O cG t v
s COLUMBIA RIVER CHLOROPHYLL a -1984 RM 73.7 RM 72.4 RM 72.0 MEAN 1974-82 h$ >? ?h'$b MILLIGRAMS PER CUBlC METER 25 2: 20 - ll,*
- s 15 - ,
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N W '} ' Y $N ' ' ' !IY ?b JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV Figure II-10
- (.
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, 2. FISH IMPINGEMENT The debris trap for the traveling screen wash water at the intake structure con-tinues to be monitored to check the system's efficiency in protecting the fishery resource of the Columbia River, as required by OAR 345-26-060(2). Data since 1974 show no significant impingement of fish, mollusks, or crustaceans.
Materials and Methods Collections and analyses of the screen washings were made weekly. Fork lengths (cm) and wet weights (g) were obtained from a representative sample of each fish species. Clams and crayfish were returned to the river. Results Data regarding species, monthly occurrence, and sizes of fish Impinged in 1984 are noted in Appendix D. A total of 46 fish were impinged during 1984, with the ! prickly sculpin being the dominant species in 1984 (24 fish). The prickly sculpin represented 52 percent of the totalimpingement. Other species and numbers collected were: 10 three-spined sticklebacks, five American shad, four white crapple, one yellow perch, one black bullhead, and one unidentified remains. There were no salmonids impinged in 1984. Twelve crayfish were impinged, with the six which were alive being returned to the river. A total of 1,966 freshwater clams were impinged, along with a large quantity of broken shells (probably representing several thousand clams). The live clams were returned to the river above the Trojan Plant. j Discussion The Trojan intake system continues to show little potential for impact on Columbia River fish populations. As typically noted, collections in 1984 I averaged less than one fish per week. It is of interest to note that no eulachon were impinged in 1984. The eulachon is generally the dominant species impinged (usually comprising more than 90 percent of the fish taken). Observations made by PGE staff scientists indicated little activity in the usual and accustomed smelt fishing locations in the Trojan vicinity by either recreational or > t commercial fishermen. Also noted was the absence of large numbers of seagulls on the Columbia River feeding on spent and dying smelt. These observations indicated few smelt were in the area and therefore little potential for individuals to become impinged. There was an oil spill from a Mobil Oil tanker which went aground upstream of Trojan at the end of March. Little impact was noted in the Trojan area. Some l oil was noted on the intake screens and in the debris trap, but there was no increase in numbers of fish impinged. The oil was cleaned from the area and the debris trap by the end of April. 11 - 2 3 e
./
O The majority of the freshwater clams and shells were noted in the intake screen wash collections in August, September, and October. This corresponded to the sloughing of silt into the intake structure from accumulations just outside. A U.S. Corps of Engineers permit was obtained to dredge the area. A suction dredge was employed and the spoils discharged downstream of the plant in the main river current. After the dredging was completed, virtually no clams were noted in the wash water collections. Due to the small area involved, no significant impact on the clam population occurred.
- 3. FISH BEHAVIOR Hydroacoustic gear was employed in 1984 to monitor the distribution of fish
> upriver and downriver of the diffuser and mixing zone. Estimates of fish density were determined to monitor avoidance of or attraction to the discharge plume. Materials and Methods Echosonic surveys were conducted twice during a 24-hour period in the months of May, August, and September. The mid-winter survey was not completed because of a combination of adverse weather conditions and major boat maintenance problems. The replicate surveys for each period were conducted during different tidal conditions (see chart below). Date Reo 1 Reo 2 May . ebb low slack and flood O
< August high slack and ebb ebb b September ebb low slack and flood Data was obtained from seven transects perpendicular to the shore and three parallel to the shoreline in the vicinity of the diffuser between RM 72.0 and 72.7 (Figure 11-11). Two runs were made on each of the cross-river tr asects during each survey. Depending on current speed and consequent boat drift, transects covered from 62 to 330 m. Those transects parallel to the shore extended from RM 72.7 to 72.0: one along the Oregon shore, one at the midchannel, and one l
j along the Washington shore. One downstream drift was made on each of these l transects. Hydroacoustic gear for all surveys included a 200-kHz Ross 500 SL echo sounder and a 22-degree full-angle transducer. The transducer was mounted on an aluminum frame from the boat's gunwale, and data was recorded on Electromark l chart paper. Prior to each survey, sensitivity of the unit was calibrated in situ to detect a minimal return similar to that created by a 6- to 9-in. fish. The echogram charts were analyzed for number of targets, observed depth, distance from the Oregon shore, and mean depth of the transect. Transect length was determined from time on a transect (by hand-held stopwatch) and flowmeter (General Oceanic Torpedo meter) readings. The volume of water sampled was estimated using the transducer beam angle, mean depth, and transect length. The fish density was calculated by dividing the number of targets along a transect run by the estimated volume of water. ' !!-24
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J Results Total .mean densities and spatial distribution of targets 'are presented in Appendix C, Tables C-1 to C-3. Fish densities in the predetermined areas ranged from 0 to 2.94 per 1,000 m3 and were comparable to those of previous years. The highest density of 2.94/1,000 m3 occurred on the Washington shore parallel transect in August. The second highest 2.05/1,000 m3 occurred in May on a cross-river transect downstream from the mixing zone. Fish densities in August were consistently . greater .than those observed during May and September. Densities in May and September were comparable. Cross-river spatial distribution of targets was also similar to that of previous years (Tables C-1 and C-2). In 1984, midchannel densities were significantly lower than Oregon or Washington shore densities in August and September but were greater than both shore densities in May. Densities along the Washington shore were greater than those along the Oregon shore in August and September and less than those of the Oregon shore in May. Comparisons of upriver, downriver, and mixing zone densities did not show any pattern of distribution that could be related to plant operations. Mixing zone densities were comparable to upriver and downriver densities during all three
= surveys.
Data obtained in 1984 comparing fish locations and tidal conditions did not
. Indicate avoidance or attraction to the diffuser area during different river O. flows. Similar to 1983. Oregon and Washington shore densities were greater than midchannel; however, no other patterns wora apparent between the two years due to the many variables involved (eg, species behavior, time of year, and total flow).
< Discussion Surveys during 1984 showed no apparent concentrations of fish in the immediate j vicinity of the plant's diffuser. The relatively random distribution of fish on the upstream, downstream, and cross-river transects indicates no continuous patterns of attraction to or avoidance of the diffuser during the surveys. The difference between densities of fish observed during different tidal
- conditions also suggests fish are moving through the areas instead of congregating. The greater number of targets cbserved at times along both the Oregon and Washington shorelines compared to the number at midchannel also suggests avoidance of the plume is not a factor. Those targets representing anadromous fish are following the shorelines in that stretch of the river, those on the Washington side are migrating to the Kalama River, and those on the Oregon side are migrating to the upper Columbia and other tributaries.
To date, results of the echosounding surveys have not demonstrated behavioral j changes in the fish, resident or migratory, which can be related to plant operation. ! II-26
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i L SECTION 111
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TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM i
- l. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY Since March 1974, remote sensing imagery in selected areas around Trojan has been obtained twice annually (seasonally in the spring and summer) by INTERA Environmental Consultants Ltd. Annual documentation of seasonal differences in vegetation communities recorded on this imagery has indicated changes in vegetation growth patterns, species composition, and pigmentation due to various natural and anthropogenic causes unrelated to the operation of Trojan.
This remote sensing program provided baseline data during the preoperational and early operational history of Trojan, and operational data more recently. Materials and Methods This program analyzed spectral changes observed in local vegetation and estab-lished a baseline of spectral signatures attributable to natural and anthropogenic stresses. It established a record of spectral properties of local vegetation that is continually reexamined as part of a long-term blomonitoring program.
> All assessments were made by cross-referencing color and multispectral
- photography obtained during the current year as well as in previous years.
-Specifications for flights made in 1984 are given in Table 111-1. The image p . Interpretation is' carried out using two instruments: (1) a Wild-Heerbragg ST4 mirror stereoscope with three-power oculars for interpretation of colorprints, and (2) a 12S additive color multispectral viewer for interpretation of i
t multispectral photography. Color photographs are examined, stereo pair by stereo pair. A cursory examina-
- tion is initially made of all photographs. A more detailed examination is con-ducted during which notes are taken on environmental conditions and changes in condition. The multispectral photographs are examined twice using the multi-spectral viewer. These are not examined in stereo, but are examined in several color modes (eg, color and false color mode).
-Upon completion of the detailed examination of color and multispectral photo-graphs for the current year, a comparison between frames of particular interest from different years is conducted. Remote sensing data from at least two 3 previous years is included in this comparison in addition to data from years in which anomalous, or otherwise unique, conditions were noted.
Late summer photography tends to show the most pronounced spectral signatures associated with vegetation stress. Spring photography is particularly valuable in assessing surface disturbance and understory condition. Analysis is conducted at
- two photo scales to evaluate gross morphology (1:7,500) and specific targets
- (1:2.500).
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'T Table 111-1. Imagery requirements and specifications of aerial flights at Trojan in 1984 . Recuirements Specifications Film type Color - '-Kodak 2445 color Multispectral Kodak 2424 Pan IR Spectral bands (peak 1. Blue 440 nm electromagnetic radiation) 2. Green 520 nm
- 3. Red 640 nm
- 4. IR . 800 nm (Total range of electromagnetic radiation is approximately 400-850 nm)
!- Date and acquisition time May 28 (color) 0852-0952 hours May 28 (multispectral) 1042-1145 hours July 17 (color) 1036-1131 hours July 30 (multispectral) 0928-1021 hours o . J h w t
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Until 1977, large-scale photography (1:2,500) was limited to two sites: (1) the area immediately north and south of Trojan and (2) Deer Island. Smaller-scale photography (1:7,500) served as a basis to evaluate gross morphology of the area surrounding Trojan and to establish the extent of environmental degradation, if any. Small-scale surveys have included the east and west banks of the Columbia River from Deer Island on the south to Rainier on the north. An additional target area was added in 1977 to supplement the Deer Island site. This site was designated the Tide Creek control area and photography was obtained at smaller scale. Since 1978, large-scale (1:2,500) photography has been obtained. The original control area near Deer Island was subjected to logging and is effectively lost as a reference point in the biomonitoring program after 1976. Two additional 1:7,500 scale color photography flight lines, one to the west and one to the east of the plant site, were initiated in 1981. These lines were added in order to ensure complete acrial coverage of a 1-km-radius area around the = cooling tower in accordance with changes in the Technical Specifications. Ground truthing of stress areas noted from a preliminary assessment of the July 1984 color photography was carried out by PCE personnel. Color photography was acquired on May 28 and July 17, with multispectral photography being acquired on May 28 and July 30. Both types and all dates of imagery were of excellent quality. The cooling tower steam plume was not present during photo acquisition, and smoke or haze problems encountered in previous years were nonexistent. Results Color photographs covering the area within 1 km of the cooling tower are presented in Figure 111-1. Locations referred to in the text below are shown in Figure 111-2. Vegetation in the area from Rainier to Lindberg appeared in good condition. Little chlorosis was noted in the area. A reduction of infrared reflectance from trees near the river at Lindbergh was thought to indicate stress from urban traffic effects rather than environmental influences. The forested areas from Lindbergh to Tide Creek were generally in good condition, with only scattered chlorosis evident. Extensive logging has occurred recently (1983-1984) west of Carr Slough, at the headwaters of Little Jack and Jack's Falls. Higher sediment loads may be expected in these creeks as a result. Follar chlorosis was indicated in several deciduous trees in Prescott; however, multispectral photography indicated this to be a species difference rather than environmental stress. Stressed trees and shrubs in the power line corridor west of Trojan were attributed to a herbicide / brush suppression spraying program. Expanded gravel pit operations along Coble Creek and associated land clearing and excavation should cause increased sediment loads in Goble Creek. Scattered necrosis and/or defollation was evident in deciduous trees between Highway 30 and the railroad near Tide Creek. This was attributed to tent caterpillar infestations, although no indications of their presence was noted during ground truthing or during periods when incidental observations were made. Spring photography Indicated high water had suppressed early vegetation growth near Carr Slough and the marsh areas along Highway 30. 111 - 3
----i- -
f f 4, Very little environmental degradation was noted from the north end of Tide Creek' to - Merrill Creek. The gravel pit along Tide Creek was active and expanding, with increased sedimentation of the creek likely. Herbicide effects were evident in trees and shrubs along the railroad near Tide Creek. Apparent tent caterpillar-related defollation and necrosis were noted in the low-lying area <
-along-Highway 30; however, no indications of caterpillars were noted during ground truthing or when incidental observations were made.
Tent catopillar damage was also noted in the area from Deer Island to Cottonwood Island. Recent construction activities north of Kalama, Washington caused stress in deciduous trees. The. forest to the north of the cooling tower on the Trojan plant site was in good condition with no apparent vegetation stress. Scattered chlorosis was noted in trees and shrubs at the south perimeter of the cooling tower. Since this vegetation was on a dry south aspect slope, some natural desiccation might be expected during midsummer. Herbicide effects are evident as chlorosis and necrosis in trees along the stretch of railroad between the cooling tower and meteorological tower as well as south along the railroad. Tent caterpillar damage was noted in this area between the railroad and the Columbia River. The small area of trees killed by herbicides in 1982 is still visible adjacent to the Tide Creek access road west of Highway 30.
' Chlorotic trees and shrubs were noted in the Tide Creek control area. This was considered 'a natural phenomenon. The presence of follar yellowing in the O control area indicates the scattered chlorosis seen elsewhere was also likely a natural phenomenon. Shrubs along the power line which extends perpendicular to Tide Creek were affected by herbicide application for brush suppression.
Discussion The 1984 serial photography program was carried out in a fashion similar to that of previous years. Color and multispectral photography at 1:2,500 and 1:7,500 were obtained in both spring and summer seasons. The two flight lines estab-lished in 1981 to document conditions within a 1-km radius of the cooling tower were reflown in 1984. Ground truthing of areas of stress was carried out after preliminary examination of the July color photography. Forest vegetation throughout the study area remained in good condition in 1984. Red or yellow follar discoloration found in previous years in the Rainier area was not present in 1984. Scattered chlorosis was evident throughout the northern part of the area; however, these effects were attributed to moisture or urban-related stress. Tent caterpillar defollation was apparent in the southern and in areas identified from the ground in previous years. Other environmental effects found in the study included logging clearcuts at the headwaters of Jack and Little Jack Falls, herbicide effects along the railroad and power lines, and construction / clearing north of Kalama, Washington. No environmental impacts attributable to the Trojan plant were noted. 111 - 4
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- 2. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALT DRIFT PRECIPITATION Analyses of chemicals in water from precipitation collectors attempt to quantify deposition of inorganic minerals from the cooling tower plume on the area surrounding the Trojan plant. This program supports aerial photographs of
. vegetation near the plant. If disturbances are noted in the vegetation, concen-trations of salt drift precipitation may help indicate cause-effect relationships.
The Trojan Final Environmental Statement predicted an annual maximum deposition of 1.5 kg/ha of various inorganic minerals to the soll approximately 4.8 km SSE of the plant site. Materials and Methods Canister-type precipitation collectors (25.5-cm throat diameter) were located at eight stations near Trojan (Figure 111-3). Exposed collectors were retrieved monthly and replaced with clean, dry collectors. During periods of low precip-itation, dry collectors were rinsed with 500 mL of delonized water to wash the soluble residue into solution. The volume of sample in each collector was recorded, and 500 mL was filtered through a 0.45-mm-pore-size (type HA) Millipore filter at the Lower Columbia Field Laboratory. Filtered samples were analyzed by the PGE Analytical Laboratory. Precipitation in this report includes dissolution from dry deposition as well as incident precipitation. Figure 111-4 presents the amount of wet deposition measured at the meteorological tower on the Trojan plant site. Chemical analyses of the samples used the following methods: Chemical Refert .ces Method Calcium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Magnesium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Potassium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Sodium EPA 1974 Atomic Absorption Chloride APHA 1981 Argentometric , Sulfate APHA 1981 Turbidimetric Sillca APHA 1981 Heteropoly Blue NaHCO mgesuon 3 pH APHA 1981 Electrode Total Alkalinity APHA 1981 Potentiometric III-7
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r-Results Appendix E. Table E-1, summarizes the measured chemical depositlon for 1983 as kg/ha. Tables E-2 and E-3 give the results of pH and total alkalinity analy-ses. The relative proportions of measured chemical constituents from 1974 to 1984 are given in Table 111-2. , The mean monthly depositions (percent) of various chemicals in 1984 (Table !!!-2) are within one standard . deviation of the means for 1974 through 1983. The percent chlorlde is artificially high (ie, more conservative), since 48 percent of the samples actually had amounts less than the detection limit. Samples with detectable chloride contained 77 percent of the calculated chlorlde deposition. Chloride concentrations have periodically been lower than detection limits throughout the 10-year study. Beginning in June of 1981, pH and total alkalinity have also been measured in each sample. Station 12 north of the plant, is under the tree canopy of the Trojan Forest; all other stations are open to sky. The pH in samples from Station 12 averaged 5.7, with a standard deviation of 0.9 pH unit. The average values of the other samples except the cooling tower (Station 6) were below 5.6, which is the theoretical pH of carbon dioxide in' pure water (ie, rainwater). Samples open to the sky had an average pH of 5.2 (0.3 standard deviation). The ; mean pH for the cooling tower samples was higher than the mean pH of all the other stations; however, data do not indicate that the cooling tower has an impact on the pH of the regional precipitation. . Dust and forest residuals in throughfall from the forest canopy probably increase the pH in the precipitation collected from canisters under the trees. Total alkalinity is measured by titrating the sample against a mineral acid solution to a pH of 4.5. - Because many samples already had low pH values, their total alkalinities were below detection (1 mg/L as CACO3 ). Data are presented for general Information.- No conclusions can be made. Discussion
' As in previous years, sulfate accounted for the major portion of the deposited minerals in nearly all collectors. However, in August and December some samples had sulfate levels below detection. Samples from June and August had the lowest concentrations of detectable sulfates. The source of this sulfate has not been identified, but evidence indicates it is not Trojan (BEAK 1977).
Whenever Trojan is operational, Station 6 at the base of the cooling tower has increased depositions relative to other stations (Table !!!-3); nearby, however, Station 7 at the meteorological tower on the Trojan site does not show elevated depositions. Trojan was not operational from late April through late September in 1984. As in previous years, deposition amounts in November are generally greater than in other months. . Fall rains, downriver winds carrying inland dust, and vegetation litter are reasonable explanations for these increases. Also, in 1984 wet precipitation in November was 7.91 in. (Figure 111-4), the greatest monthly amount for the year. 111 - 1 0
O O O Tchie III-2. Monthly deposition (% by weight) of selected chemicals measured in precipitation collected near the Trojan plant. Monthly Deposition (% by weicht) Coef Std of Chemical 1974 1975 1976 1977 -1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Mean Dev Var Calcium 9 8 10 14 11 12 8 9 12 11 12 11 2 0.17 Magnesium 3 3 2 3 4 3 2 2 3 4 3 3 1 0.24 Pstassium 8 8 10 11 18 14 13 7 7 13 7 11 4 0.34 Sodium 19 16 17 16 8 9 12 15 13 14 13 14 4 0.28 Chloride 12 11 12 7 10 9 15 13 12 15 12 12 3 0.20 Sulfate 49 53 47 45 46 50 45 52 50 40 49 48 4 0.08 Silica 5 1 2 4 4 2 5 3 4 4 4 3 1 0.37 l 4 4
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III-11
l O 5 O . REPORT DATE: 03/01/85 PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC REPORT NO. D84233.Y01 PAtiE 1 SALT DRIFT - PRECIPITATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Tcble III-3 SINelARY OF TOTAL MINERAL DEPOSITION CALCULATED FROM CHEMICAL' ANALYSES OF PRECIPITATION COL 1ECTOR SAMPLES" RETRIEVED EACH MONTH FROM JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER AT LOCATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF THE. TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT. VALUES EXPRESSED AS KILOGRAMS / NECTARE. MONTH AND COLLECTION PERIOD 1 2 1 & I 1 11 12 JAN 31 DAYS 5.263 5.116 4.593 19.753 5.621 6.474 4.565 7.725 , FEB 24 DAYS 5.793 7.107 6.849 36.442 7.689 5.492 6.009 10.165 MAR 13 DAYS 3.552 3.768 2.879 11.838 3.355 13.532 3.334 .000 APR 42 DAYS .000 4.114 3.818 7.016 5.189 3.780 3.523 8.122 MAY 34 DAYS 2.033 .2.374 2.547 2.128 1.863 1.725 2.255 3.373 JUN 31 DAYS 1.159 1.550 .000 1.415 1.644 1.350 1.807 2.794 JUL 29 DAYS 1.797 2.307 4.094 2.259 2.220 2.618 1.059 8.162 AUG 35 DAYS 1.265 1.529 1.847 2.281 1.679 1.682 1.673 .665 SEP 31 DAYS 2.837 3.185 3.804 5.292 3.117 4.310 3.171 11.732 OCT 25 DAYS 3.946 4.726 4.254 8.984 3.763 4.457 3.517 8.480 NOV 32 DAYS 6.273 7.353 .000 5.501 .9.948 24.298 3.992 22.067 DEC 00 DAYS 5.208 6.167 .000 57.668 6.767 9.251 6.082 13.020 TOTAL DEPOSITION 39.126 49.2 % 34.685 160.577 52.855 78.969 40.987 % .305
-i a
_I
e Station 12 under the forest canopy northeast of Trojan usually showed increased
- - mineral depositions when compared to other stations, regardless of Trojan i* operation (Tables 111-3 and 111-4). The greater surface area of leaves, needles,
'and tree branches increased the throughfall of materials from the tree canopy into the precipitation collectors. Additionally, leaching of minerals from tree parts that fall into the collectors has been considerable over an extended time period.
! It is difficult to differentiate between effects of the forest canopy at Station 12 and possible deposition from the Trojan plume or unknown sources. However,
- during the period when leaf fall was occurring, potassium levels were higher in
' samples from under the trees. Plant tissues concentrate potassium: thus these higher potassium values are attributable to leaf fall, especially from deciduous trees. j When total deposition is compared among years and among stations on a monthly i basis, the effect of the cooling tower on Station 6 is also apparent (Table 111-4). ! This station has about two times the precipitation deposition of any other station
- open to the sky. The drought year of 1976 also shows increased deposition at all stations. There was some increase in deposition during ~ 1980 when Mount St.
j Helens erupted. Comparisons among years for each station are similar. except for these natural phenomena and the operation of Trojan on Station 6. Operation of Trojan in 1984 did not appear to cause adverse impacts due to ! depositions of the major lons from the cooling tower plume on the surrounding terrestrial habitat. 4 1 e 1 I ' O !!!-13 i i
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[ l O Table 111-4. Total deposition by station (kg/ha/ month) of selected chemicals measured in precipitation collected near the Trojan plant. 1974-1984. PRECIPITATION DEPOSITION I _Z,_ 3 6 7 9 II -12 1974 5.7 5.9 5.5 8.8 5.2 11.2 5.1 - 1975 6.6 7.1 7.1 7.1 6.2 7.9 5.4 - 1976 16.9 11.8 14.2 22.7 13.6 22.9 12.1 - 1977 4.2 5.4 6.1 23.0 5.3 5.0 4.9 17.4 1978 3.7 4.8 4.7 10.4 3.3 3.9 3.4 7.9 1979 3.4 4.0 4.4 11.6 5.0 4.2 3.8 11.2 1980 6.7 7.2 6.7 11.9 5.9 6.9 7.0 9.5 1981 3.9 4.3 4.8 9.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 7.2 1982 3.6 4.1 3.5 13.4 4.4 6.6 3.4 4.8 1983 4.0 4.0 4.3 13.3 4.0 6.1 3.7 9.8 1984 3.6 4.1 3.9 13.4 4.4 6.6 3.4 8.8 Mean 5.7 5.7 5.9 13.2 5.6 7.8 5.1 9.6 SD 3.9 2.3 3.0 5.2 2.8 5.4 2.6 4.0 CV 69 41 50 40 51 70 51 39 O m- > <
, 3. BIRQ5 Bird populations are censused to determine community composition (diversity) and densities in various habitats in the Trojan area. Birds provide a gross measure of habitat quality and are used in this study to indirectly assess changes in habitat structure. In addition, surveys of the Trojan grounds are made to note any unusual species or mortality associated with the Tro}an facility. Methods A strip-count method was used to census Tro}an bird populations. Established transects included coniferous forest, mixed forest, marsh, and ooen (trees interspersed over open field) habitats in the Trojan area (Figure 111-5). Censuses were conducted May 29, 30, and 31 within four hours after sunrise. Sampling in late May maximizes data collection due to the presence of both resident and migrant birds. . Detectability is also optimized because of an increase in auditory cues during this time of year.
. Species, number, and perpendicular distance from the transect line were recor-ded during a census. Given this information, bird densities were calculated from observations within 100 ft (30.5 m) of the transect line, the lateral boundarles of the censused area. This distance represents a compromise between effective detection and maximum utilization of data.
Weekly surveys of the Trojan pro}ect grounds were also conducted on foot to document unusual species and/or bird mortalities attributed to the various Trojan structures (ie, cooling tower, meteorological tower, switch yard, generation f x building). Results and Discussion Sixty-one species were recorded during May 1984. This represents the highest species total since monitoring began in 1974 (Table 111-5). Canopy species (eg, Colden-crowned Kinglets, Pine Siskins) were most abundant in the conifer forest. Song Sparrows and American Robins were common in lower strata (ie, grass, brush) in conifer, mixed forest, and open habitats. Swallows and Marsh Wrens were common in marsh habitat. Although an increased number of species was observed in 1984, general species composition has remained similar to previous years (ie, 1974-1983). Annual comparisons of the various feeding guilds (ie, ground, tree foliage, bark probers, raptorial, shoreline, aquatic, etc) also indicate a stable bird assemblage in the Trojan region (Table 111-6). The number of species in each guild and gen-eral guild composition has been similar from 1974 through 1984. Bird densities were also above average in 1984 (Table 111-7). Bird densities, however, exhibit greater variation than community species composition. Weather conditions, bird activity, number of auditory cues, inconsistent seasonal comparisons from year to year, and changes in population level greatly influence
!!!-15
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I 111 - 1 6
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Table 111-5. Bird census data from replicate sampling for Trojan transects. May 1984. AVERAGE DENSITY (Individuals / hectare) Conifer Mixed Open Species Forest Marsh Forest Area Great Blue Heron 0.00' O.27 ~ 0.00 0.00 Canada Goose 0.00 1.87 0.00 0.00 Mallard 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.00 Cinnamon Teal 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 Wood Duck 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 Red-tailed Hawk 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 American Coot 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 Killdeer 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 Spotted Sandpiper 0.00 0.62 0.00 0.00 Band-tailed Pigeon 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 Rufous Hummingbird 0.39 0.18 0.08 0.26 Northern Flicker 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 Hairy Woodpecker 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00
)
Downy Woodpecker 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.10 Red-breasted Sapsucker 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 Willow Flycatcher 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 Western Flycatcher 1.30 0.09 1.03 0.16 Western Wood Peewee 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.16 Violet-green Swallow 0.00 1.51 0.00 0.00 Tree Swallow 0.00 0.98 0.00 0.88 Barn Swallow 0.00 3.56 0.00 0.10 Cliff Swallow 0.00 1.87 0.00 0.00 Purple Martin 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 Steller's Jay 0.00 0.00 0.32 0.16 American Crow 0.52 0.00 0.00 0.16 Black-capped Chickadee 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.16 Chestnut-backed Chickadee 0.78 0.00 0.79 0.00 Bushtit 0.00 0.00 1.11 0.62 Red-breasted Nuthatch 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.05 111 - 1 7 l
Table 111-5. (conct) . Conifer Mixed Open hies Forest M Forest _A_te_g Brown Creeper 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 Winter Wren 1.04 0.00 1.27 0.00 Bewick's Wren 1.17 0.00 0.00 0.10 Marsh Wren 0.00- 1.34 0.00 0.05 Rock Wren 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 American Robin 1.42 0.80 2.06 1.77 Swainson's Thrush 0.39 0.09 0.48 0.31 Golden-crowned Kinglet 1.55 0.00 0.08 0.00 Cedar Waxwing 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.94 European Starling 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.68 Hutton's Vireo 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 Solitary Vireo 0.26 0.00 0.24 0.00 Warbling Vireo 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.16 Orange-crowned Warbler 0.13 0.09 0.32 0.16 Yellow Warbler 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.05 Yellow-rumped Warbler 0.13 0.18 0.00 0.00 Black-throated Gray Warbler 0.91 0.00 0.08 0.10 Common Yellowthroat 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.26 Wilson's Warbler 0.65 0.00 1.11 0.00 Red-winged Blackbird 0.00 0.89 0.00 0.10 Northern Oriole 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 Brown-headed Cowbird 0.26 0.71 0.48 0.62 Black-headed Grosbeak 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.05 Purple Finch 1.04 0.36 0.08 0.36 House Finch 0.00 1.51 0.00, 0.16 Pine Siskin 1.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 American Goldfinch 0.26 0.71 0.00 0.88 Rufous-sided Towhee 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 Black-throated Sparrow 0.00 0.18 0.00 0.00 Dark-eyed Junco 0.26 0.09 0.00 0.00 White-crowned Sparrow 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.10 Song Sparrow 0.39 1.96 1.91 1.30 Total Mean Density 16.09 20.85 13.52 12.09 111 - 1 8
- O O O Tchle III-6. Trojan bird species richness (total species, species / feeding guild) derived from May census data, 1974-1984.
Feeding { Position 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Mean SO , Tctal 46 48 42 40 45 44 46 48 52 54 61 48 6.0 i Tree 15. 17 14 14 15 18 15 16 20 20 20 17 2.4 Foliage -l i i Ground / 19 , 15 16 16 19 14 17 16 15 16 18 17 1.6 8rtsh ! Bark 4 3 3 3 1 2 3 4 2 4 6 3 1.3 j Probing R:ptorial 1 1 2 1 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 0.8 i Aerial 3 9 3 4 5 6 4 7 8 8 8 6 2.2 i l Shoreline 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.5 i f Aquatic 1 1 1 0 1 2 3 1 1 2 5 2 1.4 i i i i I i .i i I i III-19 i i 1 i 1
O O O Tchle III-7. Trojan bird densities (number /ha) derived from May census data in coniferous forest, mixed forest, marsh, and open habitats, 1974-1984. Habitat 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 Mean _S0_ Coniferous 16.85 12.41 8.98 8.55 6.99 9.11 7.55 8.58 14.67 16.61 16.09 11.49 3.90 Mixed 11.45 9.18 8.50 7.50 10.60 4.31 6.18 9.16 10.81 13.83 13.52 9.55 2.91 Marsh 7.21 16.67 10.92 12.29 19.63 9.74 16.93 13.46 18.87 24.93 20.85 15.60 5.35 Open 11.25 11.42 9.99 11.31 6.32 6.34 6.88 8.04 9.93, 12.91 12.09 9.68 2.40 l III-20
census results. Community composition is more a function of habitat structure and quality (Cody,1974). If the habitat does not significantly change, then species composition should remain stable. In view of these factors, density results compare similarly to previous years, Indicating a stable avian community in the Trojan area. No mortalities were observed during the weekly project site surveys in 1984. Notable incidental bird observations included:
" Up to 300 Tundra Swans wintered on Carr Slough.
" Up to 200 American Wigeon wintered on the recreation lake.
" A pair of Canada Geese nested in Carr Slough. Eight young were produced.
" Up to 125 Canada Geese wintered on the recreation lake.
- An adult Bald Eagle was observed over Reflection Pond, May 29.
- Cliff Swallows nested along the upper rim of the cooling tower as in previous years.
" A Rock Wren was observed on the Trojan site, May 30.
" A Black-throated Sparrow was observed on the Trojan site, May 31.
Bird monitoring activities in the Trojan area do not indicate any impact from the O- operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant.
/-
V 4. INCIDENTAL OBSERVATIONS Observations of unusual flora and fauna or important events that could result in significant environmental impact are documented to comply with EPP Technical Specifications 4.1 (Appendix A) and to assess possible causal relationships between the observed event and Trojan operation. Examples of noteworthy observations would include presence of threatened or endangered species, plant or animal disease outbreaks, excessive bird mortality, fish kills, and unanticipated emergency discharges of wastewater or chemical substances. Methods Weekly ground surveys were conducted during 1984 to document the occurrence of various natural phenomena or impacts related to Trojan operation. Observa-tions were made on foot in the vicinity of the recreation lake and major facility structures (le, cooling tower, meteorological tower, switchyard, generation building), and general surveillance of the area around the plant site was made from a vehicle. All sightings of unusual species or events were noted. Results and Discussions On March 2,1984, heated water from Trojan was discharged into the recreation take. Maximum surface water temperature near the discharge pipe was 33.5'C (92*F). This sudden increase in temperature resulted in the death of 4 white crapple and 12 carp in the immediate vicinity of the discharge. The extent of thermal shock impact was limited to within the bermed area on the northeast end of the lake. No unusual species were noted during the Incidental observation surveys. The lack or low number of this type of observation compares similarly to previous years. Waterfowl continue to winter on the recreation lake in limited numbers. Species include up to 125 Canada Geese, Mallard, up to 200 American Wigeon, and Common Merganser. The operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant has had minimal Impact on terrestrial and aquatic environs, and no major changes are expected in the future. 111 - 2 2
- ~
4 i O SECTION IV [ RECREATION LAKE AQUATIC PROGRAM t I- 'l. RECREATION LAKE FISH I - Fish populations in the recreation take are sampled to determine species present, t
' their relative abundance, and their general condition. Data obtained are used to determine possible impacts of discharges into the lake resulting from plant activities and to provide reference materials for future management programs.
r Materials and Methods , Variable-mesh gill nets were used to sample the lake in June'and October of 2 1984. The nets measured 125 ft x 6 ft and consisted of five panels of 1/2-in., l l-in. ,1-1/2-in. , 2-in. , and 3-in.-square mesh monofilament. They were set In the evening, one at Station 2 and one at Station 3 (Figure !!!-5), and retrieved the following morning. Both nets were set on the bottom of the lake ! perpendicular to shore, with the smaller mesh at the shoreline. They were fished 4 for 9-1/2 hours in June and 18-1/2 hours in October. ) Specimens were identified, counted, weighed (wet weights (g)], and measured i 2 (fork lengths (cm)]. i Results ( , in 1984, 25 fish representing eight species were collected from the recreation
- take. Fourteen fish were netted in June and 11 in October. The catches were
~ comprised of six species in June and five species in October. Carp were the dominant species in June, comprising 36 percent of the catch. Largemouth bass were dominant in October, totaling 50 percent of the catch. Other species taken were brown bullhead, yellow perch,' black crapple, white crapple, goldfish, squawfish, and bluegill. 1 Using biomass as an Indicator, major species were carp and largemouth bass. These two species comprised 86 percent of the total blomass, with carp totaling 80 percent. L l From external and body cavity examination, all of the fish appeared to be
- - healthy with no apparent parasites or diseases. Condition factors ranged from 1.17 (largemouth bass) to 2.55 (goldfish). ,
Discussion o Comparison of 1974-1984 catch data indicates the occurrence of a naturally ! fluctuating total fish population in the recreation take. After filling of the Impoundment, initial peak production of fish species currently present was
- realized in 1974 and 1975. From 1976 to 1981, total population numbers decreased and appeared to stabilize, although dominant species in the catches -
i IV-1 i R i
d V) fluctuated and observed cyclic trends (Figures IV-3 and IV-4). Catch data since 1982 indicate, however, a decrease in the number of Centrarchids and perches and possible dominance of carp and goldfish. In 1984, catch / effort in numbers continued to decrease and biomass decreased, with carp and largemouth bass comprising 86 percent of the total (Figures IV-1 and IV-2). Very few adult perch, crapple, or bluegill were present in the 1984 sample. The number of largemouth bass did increase, however. It appears bluegill, crapple, and perch are not maintaining desirable population levels due to competiticn with rough fish (ie, carp), although there is some indication that largemouth bass may not be impacted as greatly since they comprised a significant proportion of the catch, especially in October. The carp captured by gill net in June were mostly adults in spawning condition. Considerable activity of carp was noted in shallow, vegetated areas of the lake, Indicating spawning was in progress. A far greater catch might have been made had the nets been set in these areas rather than at the established stations. The carp also might have avolded the nets. It has been noted by various authors that carp may limit the abundance of other fish by feeding on plants and bottom organisms and making the water turbid. The abundance of benthic invertebrates continues to decline in samples taken from the recreation lake. This, coupled with the observations of high numbers of spawning carp and turbid water, may indicato carp may be utilizing the majority of available habitat. This is a normal progression in this type of habitat and is (n) v not related to the operation of the Trojan plant. Increases (or at least stabilization) in the carp population are expected unless they are eliminated using standard management techniques (le, rotenone). Even then, reestablishment is likely to occur over time. i
V RECREATION LAKE FISH CATCH PER EFFORT CATCH PGt DTORT(mamber 1%M/hr) 12 10 8 - 8 - px 4 -
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O O O RECREATION LAKE FISH CATCH YELLOW PERCH BLUEGILL CRAPPIE TOTAL CATCH (PERCENT) -.- 60 . 1
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~
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N / ~. ,_ s 20 _ s s, j x y-~<y O ' ' ' 'I i i - '- 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 YEAR FIGURE IV-3
4 O O O RECREATION LAKE FISH BIOMASS LRG-MTH BASS BLUEGILL YELLOW PERCH CRAPPIE CARP /GDFISH BIOMASS (g/hr) 600 500 - 400 -
/
300 -
/
200 -
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s P s h
. 100 N/ 7 )-<,'\ 's,cV, '
s
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'74 '75 '76 '77 '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 GlLL NET CATCH / EFFORT FIGURE IV-4
.. . ~ . . _ _. . .. .- - - . - _ _ ~ - . . . . _
1
- 2. BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES Benthe organisms in the recreation lake area are sampled to describe their compsition and abundance. Unusual fluctuations in species composition and/or tottI population densities will be viewed as possible indications of point-source pollWon and general water quality.
Materials and Methods i Benthic samples were collected at six-week intervals, from January through
- October, at Stations 1 and 2 in the recreation lake (see Figure 111-5). Because l
the lake was frozen in December, no samples were obtained. A petite poner grab (0.023 m 2) was used to collect four replicate samples at each station. Each sample was strained through a 600-micron-mesh stainless steel sieve and then stained with rose bengal and preserved in Formalin. Depth (m), composition of substrate, and quantity of substrate obtained (L) were recorded for each replicate. At each station, pH, conductivity, and temperature of the water were obtained. In the laboratory, benthic invertebrates were picked from ! samples, identified as to family, and counted. From the quantity of substrate ! obtained per replicate, abundance of organisms per station was reported as l number per square meter. ! Results $ Benthic density and physical-chemical data from the two sampling sites are ,s . presented in Appendix G. A full ponar of substrate was obtained for each - ! replicate, totaling a consistent 2 L per sample. Substrate at both stations ! consisted of clay and slit with some sand granules. The substrate at Station I still has areas where oil and grease are evident. Sampling depth at Station I was 4 meters, and that of Station 2 varied from 5 to 6 meters. Eight taxa of benthic invertebrates were collected in the lake in 1984: Cullcidae (Chaoborus, st.), Chironomidae, Oligochaeta, Collembola. Ephemeroptera, Coleoptera Nematoda, and Planarla.~ Total densities of these organisms ranged l ' from 44/mk at Station 1 in August to 1,315/m2 at Station 2 in February. Total
- densities were always greater at Station 2, except in June when Station I had a high density of Planarla. Both stations showed natural seasonal trends of winter high and summer low densttles of organisms other than Planarla.
Of the three major taxa (Cullcidae, Chironomidae, and Oligochaeta), Cullcidae was the only taxon found in the substrate every month and was the dominant taxon at both stations in February, May, August, and October. Chironomids were the most abundant organism at Station 2 in March, June, and September, and Planaria were the most abundant at Station 1 in June. Oligochaeta densities (0
- to 141/m2) were substantially lower in 1984 than in previous years (Figure IV-8).
i I i' r O i l i l
, . . - - . - - .- . - - - ..-. - - - - ,, . - - _ - .-- ,. ~ .... . - - - - . - - . - -
./
Culleidae ranged in abundance from 22/m2 at Station 1 in August to 870/m2 at ! Station 2 in October. Chironomidae, the second most abundant organism, ranged l from 0/m2 at Station 1 in June August, and October to 478/m2 at Station 2 in September. Planaria were found in the substrate every month except February, with the highest density (812/m 2) occuring in June. Nematoda, Ephemeroptera, and Coleoptera were collected from Station 2 in 1984. They were not found in the 1981-1983 samples. Physical-chemical data obtained during each sampling period are presented in l Appendix G. . Temperature ranged from 7.2*C in February to 23.5'C in August. Conductivity ranged from 87 umhos/cm in May to 125 umhos/cm in September, a d pH ranged from 7.2 in February and March to 8.4 in June.~ Differences in pH, temperature, and conductivity were not significant between Stations 1 and 2, and they compared to those obtained in previous years. Discussion i Similar to past years, three taxa (ie, Cullcidae, Chironomidae, Oligochaeta) were the primary constituents of the recreation lake benthic fauna in 1984. The relatively small number of taxa collected is a result of the eutrophic nature of the lake, its uniform habitat, and the taxonomic level of identification of the organisms. As in past years, Station 1 exhibited a comparatively low benthic density in 1984 (Figure IV-5). Suppression of benthic productivity in this area may be related to discharges resulting from plant operation. From 1974 to 1982, effluent from the O plant's oil-water separator and circulating water pit was discharged into the berm area of Station 1. The discharge from the oil-water separator was rerouted in 1981 and no longer enters the lake. The lake bottom in the area
- surrounding the discharge pipe, however, is covered with a layer of oil and grease, creating a less desirable habitat for benthic organisms.
Total mean densities of invertebrates in 1984 are somewhat lower than those of previous years as indicated in Figure IV-7 (Station 2,1974-1982 = x 2,123; 1983 = l 1,022; 1984 = 761). The decline in total invertebrate densities over the past I three years may be related to the increase of carp and goldfish biomass in the lake (see Section IV-1). Constant disturbance of the substrate as a result of their feeding and spawning activities results in an unstable habitat for the invertebrates. April was used to compare yearly. densities'since larvae are still in the substrate in early spring, their densities giving a reasonable indication of benthic productivity for the year without the variables, encountered during the summer and fall months. (The March 29 samples were used for comparison in 1984.) Again in 1984, as in previous years (BEAK 1975-1978 and PCE 1981-1982), summer densities were low compared to the rest of the year. During the summer, adults have emerged and the early instar larvao of both Cullcids and Chironomids are planktonic and in the water column. This is a naturally occurring cycle and not related to Trojan operation. IV-7 1
Percent species composition in 1984 (except June) was also similar to that of previous years, with Culleidae, Chironomidae, and Oligochaeta comprising from 80 to 100 percent of the samples (Figure IV-6). In . June of 1984, Planaria comprised 63 percent of the sample, and their densities appear to be increasing each year. Collembola occurred in the samples again in 1984. They do not reside in the lake's substrate but are associated with the shoreline vegetation and are found on the water surface. They are likely introduced into the samples with the wash water which is taken from the lake's surface near the shoreline. Temperature, pH, and conductivity values obtained during the surveys were all within the expected ranges. No unusual values which could have been plant-induced were obtained, Indicating that the organisms were not sub}ected to stress (related to these parameters) from external sources. invertebrate data obtained from the samples show a normal benthic community j in the lake and natural fluctuation in its size. The benthos are an obvious source of fish food and an important component of the lake's blomass. Continued ' monitoring of these organisms will help determine natural or plant-induced changes in the physical-chemical nature of the lake. a IV-8
\.)
TROJAN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LtKE STATION 1 STAT.ON 2
.m::n. i.:.:.:. .]
TOTAL WEAN DENSITY (NUWSER/ Wee 2)
- 1800 1400 -
V .*. 1200 - CO. 1000 - 800 -
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o
, : .. l t .. 5 . . :, :O ,,,,,, . .. . ::!.: ... ;.;: ...
FEB MAR WAY JUN AUG SEP OCT 1984 Figure IV-5 l TROJAN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LtKE I POICENT TAXA COMP 05m0N NEMATODA 100 M g %
' ~ ~ .y P^"
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, i i ll iiiH ii;th ' ' '
'!"l!l FEB WAR WAY JUN AUG SEP OCT 1964 Figure IV-6 IV-9
I ~ M TROJAN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LtKE STAT.oN 1 STAT;oM 2
- RMu:t [.M NUMBER /Ma2
**** l T..
4000 - f..-
- t. .
sooo - W b: .- t.:.- r*.- l.. 6:.:.
.. r.
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.. 1.. .. .n.
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.. 6:.:.
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- I i I- E . : . g pcg
- p
.g is74 is7s ie7o 877 TOTAL MEAN DD3TY 9:s isa2 tses ies+
APitL Figure IV-7 TROJAN BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES RECREATION LiKE cUecos amosoM:as oucoescas NUM8ER/Mes2 18oo 1400 -
/
/
1200 - '
/
1000 s ,'
/
/
soo -
/
\
soo - N -/
......... . / , , -
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/ ,
/ ,
. ~ ,j 200 - ',
s s o
......~u..,..,c..,,,.......
~.
FEB MAR MAY JUN AUG SEP oCT 1964 Figure IV-8 IV-10
q SECTION V REFERENCES American Public Health Association. 1981. Standard methods for the examina-tion of water and wastewater,15th ed. 4 Atomic Energy Commission. 1973. Final environmental statement related to operation of Trojan Nuclear Plant. Docket No. 50-344. Austin, G. T. and C. S. Tomoff.1978. Relative abundance in bird populations. Amer. Nat. 112:695-699. BEAK Consultants Incorporated. _1975. Preoperational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1974. BEAK Consultants Incorporated. 1976. Preoperational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1975. BEAK Consultants Incorporated. 1977. Operational ecological monitoring pro-gram for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1976. BEAK Consultants Incorporated and Portland General Electric Company. 1978. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1977.
- Bertrand, G. A. and J. M. Scott. 1979. Checklist of the birds of Oregon, 3rd ed.
OSU Bookstore, Inc. 17 pp. Bond, C. 1973. Keys to Oregon freshwater fishes. Tech. Bull. No. 58. Oregon State University, Corvallis. Brower, J. E. and J. H. Zar. 1977. Field and laboratory methods for general ecology. W. C. Brown Co. Dubuque. Iowa. 194 pp. Chapman, H., and P. Pratt. 1%1. Methods of analysis for soils, plants and waters. University of California, Division of Agriculture Science. 307 pp. Cody, M. L.1974. Competition and the structure of bird communttles. Monogr. i Pop. Biol. 7. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. 318 pp. Cooper, C. M. 1981. A population study of the Diptera (Insecta) of Grenada Reservoir, Mississippi. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. Vol.1, No. 3. Cummins, K. W., and R. W.' Merritt. 1978. - Aquatic insects of North America. Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 144 pp. ~ y_1
. /-
EPA, ~ 1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. 1974. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Method Development and Quality Assurance Research Laboratory. National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio. Fjerdingstad, E. 1965. Taxonomy and saprobic valency of benthic phytomicro-organisms. International revue der gasanten hydrobiologic. 50:475-604. Highsmith, R. M. 1968. . Water in, R. M. Highsmith, ed., Atlas of the Pacific Northwest resources and development. Oregon State University Press,4th ed. NUS Corporation. 1978. Review of Tro}an Nuclear Plant nonradiological envi-ronmental monitoring program. Portland General Electric Co. PGE-1018. 84 pp. Pennak, R. W. 1953. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. The Ronald Press, New York. 769 pp. Portland General Electric Company. 1979. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1978. Portland General Electric Company. 1980. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1979.
~
Portland General Electric Company. 1981. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1980. O Portland General Electric Company. 1982. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1981. Portland General Electric Company. 1983. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1982. Portland General Electric Company. 1984. Operational ecological monitoring program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Annual report for 1983. Raven, P. H., Ray Everet and Helena Curtis. 1976. Biology of plants. Worth Publishers Inc., New York. I Strickland, J.D.H. and T. R. Parsons. 1968. A practical handbook of sea-water analysis. Bulletin 167, Fisherles Research Board of Canada. Ottawa. j USGS.1984. Pacific Northwest Monthly Streamflow Summary, January through December. U.S. Geological Survey. l l !' Ward, H. and G. Whipple. 1959. Freshwater biology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. 1248 pp. Wetzel, R. G. 1975. Limnology. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia. 400 pp. V-2 O l
APPENDIX A 1 - Trojan Operating License 2 - Environmental Protection Plan l l c
APPENDIX A-1 FACILITY OPERATING LICENSE NPF-1 TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY DOCKET NO. 50-344 APPENDIX B PART II ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN (NONRADIOLOGICAL) TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 1.0 Oblectives of the Environmental Protection Plan The Environmental Protection Plan (EPP) is to provide for protection of environmental values during construction and operation of the nuclear facility. The principal objectives of the EPP are as follows:
- 1. Verify that the plant is operated in an environmentally acceptable manner, as established by the FES and other NRC environmental impact assessments.
- 2. Coordinate NRC requirements and maintain consistency with other federal, state, and local requirements for environmental protection.
- 3. Keep NRC informed of the environmental effects of facility Ci construction and operation and of actions taken to control those V effects.
Environmental concerns identified in the FES which relate to water quality matters are regulated by way of the licensee's NPDES Permit. 2.0 Environmental Protection issues In the FES-OL, dated August 1973, the staff considered the environmental impacts associated with the operation of the Trojan Nuclear Plant. Cer-tain environmental issues were identified which required study or license conditions to resolve environmental concerns and to assure adequate pro-l tection of the environment. The Appendix B Environmental Technical i Specifications issued with the license included monitoring programs and other requirements to permit resolution of the issues. Prior to issuance of I this EPP, the requirements remaining in the ETS related to: l
- 1. Protection of the aquatic environment by limiting the rate of heat l and by limiting temperature and rate of liquid effluents discharged to the Columbia River (ETS 2.1).
- 2. Protection of aquatic life from chlorine used in plant operations (ETS 2.2) by dechlorination (ETS 2.2.1.2).
A-1
. /-
4
- 3. Limits on the discharge of phosphate, zinc, chromate, dissolved solids and acids, and bases (ETS 2.2.2, 2.2.3, and 2.2.4).
- 4. Surveillance programs for thermal plume mapping, water quality Impingement, entrainment of ichthyoplankton, and discharge toxicity to establish impact of plant operation on the aquatic environment (ETS 4.1).
d Aquatic issues are now addressed by the effluent limitations and moni-toring requirements contained in the effective NPDES Permit issued by the State of Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The NRC will rely on this agency and the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife for regu-lation of matters involving water quality and aquatic blota, respectively. 2.1- Terre,, trial Issues The ETS also contained programs related to protection of the terrestrial environment.
- 1. Surveillance programs of vegetation composition, bird census,
- small and large mammal distribution, and herbicide accumulation to investigate impact of plant operation on the terrestrial environment (ETS 4.1.2).
- 2. A special surveill'ance program to determine cooling tower plume characteristics and to assess its impact upon ground-level vist- -
bility (ETS 4.3.1).
- 3. Potential long-term impacts on the vegetation associated with drift from the cooling tower (ETS 4.1.2).
The NRC requirements for Issues 1 and 2 have been completed and are terminated by the appraisal prepared in conjunction with preparation of this EPP. The requirements with regard to Issue 3 are i specified in Subsection 4.2.1 of this EPP. L 3.0 Consistency Recuirements 3.1 Plant Design and Operation The licensee may make changes in station design or operation or perform tests or experiments affecting the environment, provided such changes, tests, or experiments do not involve an unreviewed environmental question and do not involve a change in the Environ-mental Protection Plan." Changes in plant design or operation or performance of tests or experiments which do not affect the envi-ronment are not sub}ect to the requirements of this EPP. Activities !. governed by Section 3.3 are not subject to the requirements of this section. l " This provision does not relieve the licensee of the requirements of l 10 CFR 50.59. A-2 4
e
- Before engaging in construction or operational activities not requi-ring approval and which may affect the -environment, the licensee shall prepare and record an environmental evaluation of such acti-vity. When the evaluation indicates that such activity involves an unreviewed environmental question the licensee shall provide a written evaluation of such activities and obtain prior NRC approval.
When such activity involves a change in the Environmental Protection
. Plan, such activity and change to the Environmental Protection Plan may be implemented only in accordance with an appropriate license amendment as set forth in Section 5.3.
A proposed change, test, or experiment shall be deemed to involve an unreviewed environmental question if it concerns (1) a matter which may result in a significant increase in any adverse environmental impact previously evaluated in the Final Environmental Statement (FES) as modified by staff's testimony to the Atomic Safety.and Licensing Board, supplements to the FES, environmental impact appraisals, or any decisions of the Atomic Safety and Licensing Board; (2) a significant change in the types or a significant increase in the amounts of effluents or licensed power. level in accordance
- with 10 CFR Part 51.5(b)(2); or (3) a matter not previously reviewed and evaluated in the documents specified in (1) of this subsection which may have a significant adverse environmental impact.
The licensee shall maintain records of changes in facility design or operation and of tests and experiments carried out pursuant to this subsection. These records shall include a written evaluation which Os provides bases for the determination that the change, test, or experiment does not involve an unreviewed environmental question. The licensee shall include as part of its Annual Environmental Oper-ating Report (per Subsection 5.4.1) brief descriptions, analyses, . Interpretations, and evaluations of such changes, tests, and experiments. 3.2 Reporting Related to the NPDES Permits and State Certifications Violations of the NPDES Permit or the state certification (pursuant l-to Section 401 of. the Clean Water Act) shall be reported to the NRC, Region V, by submittal of copies of ' the reports required by the
- . NPDES Permit or certification.
l l- Changes and additions to the NPDES Permit or the state certification shall be reported to the NRC, Region V, within 30 days following the date the change is approved. If a permit or certification, in part or in its entirety, is appealed and stayed, NRC, Region V, shall be notified within 30 days following the date the stay is granted. A-3 l 5
NRC, Region V, shall be notified of changes to the effective NPDES Permit proposed by the licensee by providing a copy of the proposed , change at the same time it is submitted to the permitting agency. The licensee shall provide NRC. Region V, a copy of the application for renewal of the NPDES Permit at the same time the application is submitted to the permitting agancy. 3.3 Changes Required for Complier.ce With Other Environmental Regulations Changes in plant design or operation and performance of tests or experiments which are required to achieve compliance with other federal, state, or local environmental regulations are not subject to the requirements of Section 3.1. 4.0 Environmental Conditions 4.1 Unusual or Important Environmental Events Any occurrence of an unusual or important event that indicates or could result in significant environmental impact causally related in plant operation shall be recorded and promptly reported to the NRC within 24 hours by telephone, tolegraph, or facsimile transmission followed by a written report per Subsection 5.4.2. The following are examples: excessive bird impaction events, on-site plant or animal disease outbreaks, mortality or unusual occurrence of any species protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, fish kills, increase in nuisance organisms or conditions, and unanticipated or emergency discharge of waste water or chemical substances. No routine monitoring programs are required to implement this condition. 4.2 Aerial Remote Sensing Vegetation communities of theJsite and vicinity within 1 kilometer (1 km) of the cooling tower in all directions shall be aerially photo-graphed to detect and assess the significance or damage, or lack thereof, as related to cooling tower drift. Photography shall be done by aerial overflight during late summer. Monitoring shall include a program of low-altitude multispectral photography. The scale for full coverage shall be adequate to enable identification of vegetative damage over relatively small areas of terrain. Some circumstances may warrant inspection of photographs discerning individual trees. Such scale should be in the interval between 1:10,000 and 1:12,000, as appropriate to resolve impacted features. Photographs shall be compared with preoperational photographs to ascertain changed vegetation. Photographic interpretations shall include correlation of data from ground inspection surveys with areas of stress and nonstress as observed on the photographs for purposes of verification of results. A-4
O A samlannual aerial photographic monitoring program has been under
' way at the Trojan plant for several years. The licensee shall continue this program every two years for three additional periods, and a report shall be. submitted summarizing the results of each overflight as part - of the annual report following each aerial photographic monitoring period. The reports of results shall encompass, but not be -
limited to, a description of the program, time of day, film types, spectral bands, and one set of color prints of the area within t approximately a 1-km radius of the cooling tower. 4 This requirement shall be terminated following submission of the results of the third additional overflight. 5.0 Administrative Procedures 5.1 Review and Audit The licensee shall provide for review and audit of compilance with the Environmental Protection Plan. .The audits shall be conducted independently of the individual or groups responsible for performing the specific activity. A description of the organization structure utilized to achieve the Independent review and audit function and 4 results of the audit activities shall be maintained and made available for inspection. 5.2 ' Records Retention Records and logs relative to the environmental aspects of plant operation shall be made and retained in a manner convenient for review and inspection. These records and logs shall be made avall-able to the NRC on request. t Records required by Subsection 3.1 shall be retained for the life of- '~ the plant. All other records, data, and logs relating to this EPP shall be retained for five years or, where applicable, in accordance with the requirements of other agencies. ' 5.3 Changes in Environmental Protection Plan Request for change in the Environmental Protection Plan shall include an assessment of the environmental impact of the proposed change and a supporting justification. Implementation of such changes in the EPP shall not commence prior to NRC approval of the proposed changes in the form of a license amendment incorporating the appropriate revision to the Environmental Protection Plan. l- A-5
5.4 Plant Reporting Requirements 5.4 1 Routine Reports An Annual Environmental Operating Report describing implementation of this EPP for the previous year shall be
. submitted to the NRC prior to May 1 of each year. The initial report shall be submitted prior to May 1,1983.
The report shall include summaries and analyses of the
~
i results of the environmental protection activities required by
- Subsection 4.2 of this Environmental Protection Plan for the report period, including a comparison with preoperational studies, operational controls (as appropriate), and previous nonradiological environmental monitoring reports, and an assessment of the observed impacts of the plant operation on the environment. If harmful effects or evidence of trends l toward irreversible damage to the environment are observed, the licensee shall provide a detailed analysis of the data and
! a picpc.ed course of action to alleviate the problem. The Annual Environmental Operating Report shall also Include: l i
- 1. A list of EPP Noncompliances and the corrective actions taken to remedy them.
- 2. A list of all changes in station design or operation, tests, and experiments made in accordance with Subsection 3.1 which involved a potentially signi-ficant unreviewed environmental issue.
4
- 3. - A list of nonroutine reports submitted in accordance with Subsection 5.4.2.
j In the event that some results are not available by the report due date, the report shall be submitted noting and explaining the missing results. The missing data shall be submitted as l soon as possible in a supplementary report. ! 5.4.2 Nonroutine Reports A written report shall be submitted to the NRC within 30 days of occurrence of nonroutine event. The report shall (a) describe, analyze, and evaluate the event, including extent and - magnitude of the impact and plant operating characteristics; (b) describe the probable cause of the event; (c)lndicate the action taken to correct the reported event;
- i. .(d) indicate the corrective action taken to preclude repeti-tion of the event and to prevent similar occurrences involving similar components or systems; and (e) indicate the agencies notified and their preliminary responses.
A-6
-. . ~ . . _ . . . _ ~ - . - . . .. _ _ . .
4 O Events reportable under this subsection which also require reports to other federal, state, or' local agencies shall be reported in accordance with.those reporting requirements in lieu of the requirements of this subsection. The NRC shall be provided a copy of such report at the same time it is sub-mitted to the other agency. 4 l O
' A-7
.. - . . .. - - _ - - . _ . . . - ~ - - ..
i l l APPENDIX A-2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN PROGRAM ELEMENTS A. AQUATIC PROGRAM Principal concerns for the effects of Trojan operation on the aquatic habl- , tats .-are discharges of warmed effluents containing specific chemicals. These discharges are controlled by the Trojan NPDES Permit and its mont-toring requirements. This Environmental Protection Plan, directly or Indirectly, monitors receiving water bodies for potential impacts. ! Some physical and chemical parameters will.be measured for upstream-i downstream variability. Others will be measured for mixing zone effects.
- Surveys will be made to monitor possible changes in fish populations or behavior due to plant operations.
I ! 1.0 Columbia River Water Quality
- Monitoring the receiving stream for plant effluents is required by the
+ Department of Energy OAR 345-26-060(3). Water quality and bio-logical communities are most vulnerable to perturbations during sum-mer and late fall when low flows and higher ambient water tempera-l tures prevail. Water quality monitoring of the Columbia River will be l
limited to that period.
- Monthly samples will be made for a five-month period each summer i
after the Columbia River average daily flows as measured at The Dalles dam are less than 200,000 cfs for five consecutive days. In some years sampling will commence in June and extend into October; other years will include July through November. Samples will be taken at two previously established stations (B and C) - l on each of three transects (RM 72.0, 72.4, 73.7,_ Figure 1). Parame- ! -- ters to be measured at each station are temperature, pH, conductivity, total alkalinity, chlorophyll a and c, phaeophytina, and dissolved oxy-gen. Vertical profiles at the B and C stations only will include pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, depth, and Secchi disk readings. Vertical measurements will be made within and outside the 1 mixing zone. 2.0 Columbia River Fish Behavior The behavior of fishes in response to the operation of the Trojan plant is monitored using an echosonic technique which maps the distribution of fish upriver and downriver of the mixing zone. At locations indi-cated on Figure 11-11, surveys will be conducted during periods of ( known anadromous fish migrations. At least four surveys per year will ! be conducted to monitor the movement of shad, eulachon, and ! salmonids. A-8
.- . _ . ~_ - . -- - .
E 2.1 Columbia River Fish Impingement at the Intake Structure Monitoring the efficiency of the intake structure to protect fisheries resources is required by OAR 345-26-060(2). Inspections of the intake traveling screen washwater will be made ., weekly throughout the year. Additional surveillance (daily, if necessary) will be initiated immediately upon any abnormal increase of impinged fish. Concerned agencies will be notified of such an occurrence. 3.0 Recreation Lake Fish Survey Fish will be monitored as a resource in the recreation take and for possible impacts from the discharge related to plant activities.
! Twice a year, a variable panel gill net will be set in the recreation
- lake (Figure 4). Species collected, length, wet weight, and physical i
condition will be measured or noted. 4.0 Recreation Lake Benthos Survey
- Benthic organisms will be monitored to describe their composition and -
abundance. Unusual fluctuations in species composition and/or total population densities will be viewed as possible indications of point source pollution and general water quality. Results of these investi-l' i O gations will be related to plant activities and to the continued
. suitability of the lake as a recreational facility. -
Samples will be taken at six-week intervals at two locations on the L lake. Four replicates will be taken at each station with a ponar grab ! dredge. B. TERRESTRIAL PROGRAM i Nonradiological effects of Trojan power plant operation on surrounding terrestrial habitat are primarily restricted to physical impacts from human activity and potential deleterious effects of salt deposition on vegetation from the cooling tower plume. The following terrestrial monitoring program is designed to directly and Indirectly measure these potential impacts. Remote sensing techniques will be implemented to assess the general habi-tat condition of the area. Bird census results will provide an Indirect measure of habitat quality, and salt drift studies will provide a direct measure of cooling tower plume salt load and its distribution in the Trojan area. I l A-9 l l
4 a -__.J._ . -a a14 -_: 5.0 Aerial Photooraphy Annual documentation of vegetation communities surrounding the
-Trojan Nuclear Plant by means of aerial photography has provided baseline information on regional habitat conditions since 1974. This photographic information has also provided a historic record' for detection of broad changes in community composition, growth pat-terns, and plant pigmentation.
i True color and multispectral aerlat photographs will be obtained twice l annually from large-scale (1:2500) and small-scale (1:7500) perspec-tives to evaluate cpecific targets and gross morphology, respectively. l The areas photographed include land along the Columbia River between RM 70 and 476 and an area encompassing the Tide Creek control area. Large-scale analyses will be conducted in areas where ground truth verification can be implemented if necessary. 6.0 Salt Drift The primary objective of this program element is to monitor depost-tion of inorganic minerals in the Trojan area by chemical analysis of precipitation collected from several previously established sites l (Figure 5). Stations are located to identify the extent of Trojan cooling tower influence and possibly determine other sources of mineral deposition. Results from these analyses will provide a direct , measure of salts added by the cooling tower plume to the surrounding-environs and provide support data for the interpretation of aerial photographs. Precipitation samples will be collected monthly and analyzed for pH, i calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, chloride, sulfate, silica, and total alkallnity. 7.0 Birds Bird populations will be censused to determine community composition and density in various habitats in the Trojan area. This program ele-ment will provide a measure of habitat quality and Indirectly assess changes in habitat structure. A strip count methodology will be utilized to census birds. Counts will be taken along a previously established transect surrounding the Trojan plant, including coniferous forest, mixed forest, marsh, and open habitats (Figure 6). The census will be conducted annually in late May to assess summer resident and late spring migrant populations. During this period, data collection is maximized due to the presence of both resident and transient birds, and detection is optimized because of an increase in auditory cues (ie, singing). Three replicate samples will represent counts taken on three consecutive days within four hours after sunrise. A-10 i.
, +- - , - -
<m .
=.
' -. 8.0 Incidental Observations Incidental observations will be recorded during regularly scheduled field activities to document the occurrence of various natural phenom- ena. Unusual occurrences of flora and fauna (eg, rare species), seasonal changes in abundance, timing of various species migrations (eg, swans), severe environmental conditions (eg, storms, floods, changes in land use), and bird collisions with Trojan facilities will be noted when observed.
O e O A-Il
O 8 3 APPENDIX B Columbia River Water Quality ' 1 - Subsurface Water Quality 2 - July 1984 Vertical Profiles 3 - August 1984 Vertical Profiles 4 - September 1984 Vertical Profiles 5 - October 1984 Vertical Profiles l 6 - Phytoplankton Chlorophyll Pigments 7 - Mean Monthly Chlorophyll Pigments
- 8 - Columbia and Willamette River Flow Data 1
l J 't O e
PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC 15:18 TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1985 1- , REPORT NO. D84336.Y71 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL - SUBSURFACE DATA AT 1 METER TABLE , PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY REPORTING PERIOD: 1984 ! 73.7 72.4 72.0 PARAMETER DATE B C B C B C PH JUL 31 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 AUG 30 7.1 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 ! SEP 24 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 i NOV 01 7.5 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.8 ' TOTAL ALKALINITY JUL 31 50.0 51.0 50.0 51.0 50.0 52.0 (HG/L AS CACO 3) AUG 30 52.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 53.0 54.0 SEP 24 54.0 56.0 55.0 56.0 55.0 57.0 DCT 31 58.0 41.0 63.0 53.0 57.0 53.0 SECCHI DISK JUL 31 112 103 100 100 104 112 TRANSPARENCY (CM) AUG 30 144 144 144 150 145 150 SEP 24 170 180 175 175 156 175 NOV 01 150 170 150 150 150 150-i e
O O PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC O 15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1985 2 REPORT NO. D84336.Y72 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL - VERTICAL PROFILE TABLE PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY REPORTING PERIOD: JULY 31, 1984 73.7 72.4 72.0 PARAMETER DEPTH B C B C B C
== _ -. _= -- -- --
CONDUCTIVITY OK 121 121 125 121 125 121 (UMHOS/CM AT 25 C.) 3't 121 121 125 124 125 121 in 121 121 125 124 125 121 9M 121 125 124 125 121 12M 121 124- 125 121 15M 126 125 121 DISSOLVED OXYGEN OM 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 (MG/L) 3M 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 6M 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.5 9.5 9M 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.5 9.4 12M 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.5 15M 9.4 9.4 9.5 TEMPERATURE OM 20.5 20.3 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4 ( C.) 3M 20.5 20.3 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4 6M 20.5 20.3 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4 9M 20.3 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.4 12M 20.3 20.5 20.5 20.4 ISM 20.5 20.5 20.4 OXYGEN SATURATION OM 105 103 105 105 105 103 (PERCENT) 3M 105 103 105 105 105 103 6M 105 103 104 104 105 103 9M 103 105 104 105 102 12M 103 104 104 103 15M 104 104 103 W s
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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC 15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1985- 0 REPORT NO. D84336.Y72 PHYSICAL AND CliEMICAL - VERTICAL PROFILE TABLE PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY REPORTING PERIOD: AUGUST 30, 1984 73.7 72.4 72.0 PARAMETER DEPTH B C B C D C CONDUCTIVITY OH 100 125 128 128 131 131 (UMIIOS/CM AT 25 C.) 3M 120 125 128 128 131 131 6M 120 128 128 128 131 131 9M 128 128 128 131 131 11M 131 12M 128 128 128 131 l 14M 128 l 15M 128 131 l , DISSOLVED OXYGEN - OM 8.1 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.6 l (MG/L) 3M 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.6 6M 8.3 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.6 9M 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.7 8.6 11M 8.6 12M 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.6 l 14M 8.6 15M 8.7 8.6 l TEMPERATURE OM 20.7 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 ( C.) 3M 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 6M 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 9M 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 11M 20.8 12M 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 14M 20.8 15M 20.8 20.8 OXYGEN SATURATION OM 90 96 95 96 97 95 (PERCENT) 3M 92 96 95 96 96 95 6M 92 96 95 96 96 95 9M 96 95 96 96 95 11M 95 12M 96 95 96 95 14M 95 15M 96 95
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PORTLAND GE L ELECTRIC 15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY ~26, 1985 4l REPORT NO. D84336.Y72 PIIYSICAL AND Cl!EMICAL - VERTICAL PROFILE 1 ' TABLE PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY REPORTING PERIOD: SEPTEtlBER 24, 1984 73.7 72.4 72.0 PARAMETER DEPTH B C B C B C OM 140 140 140 140 130 140 l CONDUCTIVITY 140 140 140 130 140 (UMIIOS/CM AT 25 C.) 3M 140 6t1 140 140 140 140 130 140 9M 140 140 140 130 140 l 11M 130 12M 140 140 140 140 ISM 140 DISSOLVED OXYGEN OM 8.9 9.1 9.0 9.1 9.0 9.1 (MG/L) 3M 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.6 9.0 8.8 6tl 8.9 9.0 8.7 8.5 8.8 9.0 9M 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.9 8.6 11tl 8.9 12M 8.9 9.0 8.5 8.8 ISM 8.4 l l TEMPERATURE OM 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 ( C.) 3tl 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 6tl 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 9M 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 11M 17.8 12M 17.8 17.8 17.8 17.8 15M 17.8 OXYGEN SATURATION OM 93 95 94 95 94 95 (PERCENT) 3M 93 94 91 90 94 92 6M 93 94 91 89 92 94 9tl 93 91 89 93 90 11M 93 12M 93 94 89 92 15M 88 f l I
O O PORTLAND GENFRAL ELECTRIC O 15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1985 E REPORT NO. D84336.Y72 PHYSICAL AND C::EMICAL - VERTICAL PROFILE TABLE PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY REPORTING PERIOD: NOVEM8ER 01, 1984 73.7 72.4 72.0 PARAMETER DEPTH B C B C B C CONDUCTIVITY OM 106 108 108 111 110 108 (UMHOS/CM AT 25 C.) 3M 107 108 108 111 110 110 6M 107 109 110 til 110 110 9M 109 110 111 108 110 12M 110 DISSOLVED OXYGEN OM 11.8 12.4 11.4 11.2 11.4 11.4 (MG/L) 3M 11.4 12.4 11.4 11.2 11.4 11.4 6M 11.4 11.4 11.4 11.2 11.4 11.4 9M 11.4 11.4 11.2 11.4 11.4 12M 11.4 TEMPERATURE OM 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 ( C.) 3M 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 6M 10.5 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 9M 10.4 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4 12M 10.4 OXYGEN SATUKAIION OM 106 109 100 99 100 100 (PERCENT) 3M 102 109 100 99 100 100 6M 102 100 100 99 100 100 9M 100 100 99 100 100 12M . 100 "l i 4 -1
l
~ REPORT.NO. D84336.Y91-O
' PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC CHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS-O 15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26, 1985 O TABLE PHYTOPLANKTON PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY
- UNITS
- MG/MMM3 REPORTING PERIOD 1984 STATION B. STATION C .\'
DATE
' LOC.
REP .T B C PICA T B C PICA ! JUL 31 72.0 1 8.46~ 0.51 3.54 10.77 8.05 0.39 3.55 30.17 MEAN 8.37 0.54 3.57 14.37 8.34 0.40 3.72 18.56 72.4 1 8.63 0.57 3.76 .21.61 7.13 0.39 3.06 22.49 MEAN 8.17 0.48 3.58 23.90 6.33 0.36 3.08 16,.04 I 73 . '7 1 3.01 0.34 2.34 6.13 5.58 '0.61 3.31 29.76 MEAN 5.48 0.46 2.90 27.96 6.05. 0.55 3.16 18.31 AUG 30 72.0 1 6.58 0.11 1.30 2.41 6.35 0.03 1.90 2.65
- MEAN 6.18 0.17 1.71 2.39 46.50 0.11 1.72 2.59
. 72.4 1 6.18 0.12 1.58 1.75 5.98 0.22 0.21' 1.68 i MEAN 6.65 0.18 1.73 2.38 6.04 0.23 0.33 1.81 i 73.7 1 4.95 0.05 0.09 0.93 5.41 0.11 0.71 1.40 MEAN 5.99 0.24 0.40 2.31 6.00 0.07- 0.68 1.90 4 SEP 24 72.0 1 6.83 0.07 0.66 3.17 5.94 0.16 0.00 3.49 MEAN 6.63 0.11 1.05 3.92 5.72 0.19 0.04 4.78 i 72.4 1 6.24 0.25 1.23 2.17 6.77 0.23 0.19 2.74 MEAN 6.35 0.19 0.76 2.81 6.31 0.14 0.42 2.45 I 73.7 1 6.40 0.33 0.19 2.12 5.28 0.36 0.39 .1.76 MEAN 6.35 0.22 0.46 2.21 5.39 0.35 0.30 1.80 OCT 31 72.0 1 6.69 0.58 2.82 10.54 7.13 0.35 3.47 3.07 MEAN 6.48 0.52 2.82 10.53 6.83 0.38 3.65 2.75 l 72.4 1 6.10 0.53 2.90 2.75 7.72 0.25 3.52 3.71 MEAN 6.15 0.43 2.94 2.48 6.89 0.18 2.44 3.67 73.7 1 3.96 0.69 3.05 2.30 5.94 0.44 3.09 2.81 MEAN 4.35 0.59 3.08 2.08 5.77 0.38 2.87 2.70 4 M i 2 i
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PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC .15:58 TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 26. 1985 7.
, . REPORT.NO. D84336.Y92 MEAN MONTHLY CHLOROPHYLL PIGMENTS '
TABLE PHYTOPLANKTON PROGRAM: COLUMBIA RIVER STUDY UNITS: MG/ Mum 3 REPORTING PERIOD: 1984 _._ S T A T I O N B __ STATION C DATE LOC. A B C PH.A A B C PH~A. JUL 31 72.0 8.37 0.54 3.57 '14.37 8.34 0.40- 3.72 18.56 i 72.4 8.17 0.48 3.58 23.90 6.33 0.36 3.08 16.04 1 73.7 5.48 0.46 2.90 27.96 '6.05 0.55 3.16 18.31 AUG 30 72.0 6.18 0.17 1.71 2.39 6.50 0.11 1.72 2.59
- 72.4 6.65 0.18 1.73 2.38 6.04 0.23 0.33 1.81
} 73.7- 5.99 0.24 0.40 2.31 6.00 0.07 0.68 1.90 l SEP 24 72.0 6.63 0.11 1.05 3.92 5.72 0.19 0.04 -4.78 72.4 6.35 0.19 0.76 2.81 6.31 0.14 0.42 2.45
-73.7 6.35 0.22 'O.46 2.21 5.39 0.35 0.30 1.80 OCT 31 72.0 6.48 0.52 2.82 10.53 6.83 0.38 3.65 2.75 72.4 6.15 0.43 2.94 2.48 6.89 0.18 2.44 3.67
- 73.7 4.35 0.59 3.08 2.08 5.77 0.38 2.87 2.70 i
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APPENDIX B Table B-8. Estimated flow (adjusted cfs) of Columbia and Willamette Rivers nea,r Trojan power plant. 1984.* Month Willamette River Columbia River Columbia River 1983 at mouth at Vancouver at Trolan January 61,520 167,500 229,020 February 76,310 136,500 212,820 March 60,660 207,400 268,060 April 50,680 282,000 333.380 May 41,540 384,600 426,140 June 41,050 614,000 655,050 July 13,380 311,100 324,480 August 6,000 149,600 155,600 September 5,219 108,500 113,719 O 107,480 October 13,880 93.600 November 89,140 115,700 204,840 December 58,460 92,920 151,380
" Data frorn USGS Pacific Northwest Monthly Streamflow Summary.
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1 1 '~ - APPENDIX C 1 F Fish Behavior
- l
1 - Mean Fish Density,1984 , 2 - Mean Fish Density, 1976-1984 3 - Fish Density / Tidal Conditions t 1 L t I i 3 I i e a i +
APPENDIX C Table C-1. Mean density (fish /1,000 m 3 ).1%4. Transect Location May Aug September Upriver . 0.26 0.26 3 0.24 72.7, 72.6 - f Mixing Zone 0.46 0.26 0.36 72.45, 72.4. 72.35 Downriver 0.41 0.49 0.41 72.3, 72.0
- Oregon Shore 0.14 0.45 0.32 Midchannel 0.16 0.28 0.11 Washington Shore 0.00 1.83 0.48 Mean Density 0.24 0.60 0.32 n' 4 f,
s 4 O J
b U APPENDIX C Table C-2. Comparisons of 1976-1984. densItles at upriver, mixing zone, and downriver locations during comparable months (fish /1,000 m3). Ygar Location April /May September
.1976 Upriver 0.21 0.03 Mixing Zone 0.17 0.04 Downriver 0.10 0.05 1977- Upriver 1.50 2.4' 8 Mixing Zone 2.17 3.40 Downriver 2.83 4.32 1978 Upriver - - .
Mixing Zone - - Downriver - - 1979 Upriver - - 0.82 Mixing Zone - 1.67 Downriver - 1.36 1980 Upriver 1.10 0.70 Mixing Zone 2.67 2.32 Downriver 1.34 7.62. 1981 Upriver 0.58 0.30 Mixing Zone 1.24 0.54 Downriver 1.10 0.66 1982 Upriver 0.20 1.12 Mixing Zone 0.23 1.10 Dawnriver 0.68 0.62 1983 Upriver - 1.27 Mixing Zone - 0.54 Downriver - 3.89 Mean Upriver 0.72 0.96 Mixing Zone 1.33 1.37 Downriver 1.25 2.22 l')84 Upriver 0.26 0.24 Mixing Zone 0.46 0.36 Downriver 0.41 'O.41
O Table C-3. Comparisons of average fish densities (fish per 1,000 m 3) during different tidal conditions. 1984. High Slack Low Slack Location Ebb _and Ebb and Flood Upstream 0.36 0.10 0.17 (RM 72.6,72.7) Mixing Zone 0.56 0.10 0.28 (RM 72.35,72.4, 72.45) Downstream 0.31 0.40 0.59 (RM 72.0,72.3) Oregon Shore 0.34 0.39 0.20 Midchannel 0.22 0.25 0.12 Washington 0.34 2.94 0.32 Shore O O l s .. . . . . . !
O APPENDIX D Fish Imolnoement 1 - Fish Species and Frequency 2 - Fish Data - Length and Weight O
a O O O Tchle 0-1. Fish impingement, Trojan intake structure. 1984. Species Jan -Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total American Shad 4 1 5 Alosa sapidissima White Crapple 1 3 4 Pomoxis annularis ! Three-Spined Stickleback 2 3 4 1 IO l Gasterosteus aculeatus Prickly Sculpin 3 9 3 1 1 7 24 Cottus asper Yellow Perch 1 1 Parca flavescens Black Bullhead 1 1 Ictalurus melas Unidentified Remains 1 1 Total Fish 10 12 3 6 1 1 1 0 0 0 9 3 46 SB/5sms 5116j.0385 4
O O O Table 0-2. Fish data-(length and weight) of fish impinged at the Trojan intake structure. 1984. Species Jan Feb- Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Noyv_ Dec Mean American Shad Alosa sapidissima Number 4 1 3 Fork length (cm) Mean 8.8 7.9 8.6 Low Range 7.5 7.9 7.7 High Range 10.5 7.9 9.2 Weight (g) Mean 5.5 2.0 4.8 Low Range 4.0 2.0 3.0 High Range 8.0 2.0 5.0 4 White Crappie Pomoxis annularis 1 Number 1 Fork length (cm) ! Mean 7.7 7.7 l Low Range 7.7 7.7 High Range 7.7 7.7 Weight (g) l Mean 5.0 5.0 Low Range 5.0 5.0 l High Range 5.0 5.0 Three-Spined Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Number 2 2 1 2 Fork length (cm) Mean 6.4 5.9 6.0 6.1 Low Range 6.2 5.7 6.0 6.0 High Range 6.5 6.0 6.0 6.2 Weight (g) Mean 2.0 1.5 1.0 1.6 Low Range 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 High Range 2.0 2.0 1.0 1.7
O O O' Table D-2. (cont) Species Jan Feb Mar Apr Hav Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Mean Prickly Sculpin Cettus asper Number 3 7 7 6 Ferk length (cm) Mean 12.7 10.2 10.5 10.8 Low Range 8.0 8.5 8.5 8.3 High Range 15.3 14.8 14.5 14.9 Weight (g) Mean 39.3 15.9 15.9 15.3 Low Range 6.0 6.0 8.0 6.7 High Range 68.0 47.0 41.0 52.0 l Yellow Perch Parca flavescens 1 Number 1 Fork length (cm) Mean 17.0 17.0 Low Range 17.0 17.0 High Range 17.0 17.0 Weight (g) , Mean 59.0 59.0 Low Range 59.0 59.0 High Range 59.0 59.0
.\
- SB/5sms i
5116j.0385 l l
O . APPENDIX E Salt Drift Precloitation I - Monthly Precipitation Chemical Composition O 2 - Monthly pH 3 - Monthly Total Alkalinity
-l.
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REPORT DATE: 02/25/85 PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC REPORT NO. D84234.Y01 ^ PAGE 1 PRECIPITATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION SAMPLES COLLECTED MONTHLY FROM JANUARY THRU DECEMBER, 1985 AT LOCATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF THE TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT VALUES ARE CALCULATED.AND EXPRESSED AS KG/ HECTARE / STATION. CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION COLLECTOR STATIONS MONTH PARAMETER 1_ 2' 3 6 7 9 11 12 JANUARY CALCIUM .160 .167 .239 6.811 .333 .332 .160 .334 031-DAYS MAGNESIUM .128 .083 .083 1.397 .133 .083 .112 .200 i POTASSIUM .064 .083 059 .174- .050 .832 .080 .836 SODIUM 1.287 1.203 1.004 1.729 1.184 1.148 1.10s 1.153 CHLORIDE 1.609 1.170 837 2.270 1.167 < .832 < .803 < .836 SULFATE 1.931 2.340 2.273 6.287 2.669 3.162 2.250 4.180 SILICA 080 .066 .095 1.082 .083 .083 .048 .183
' FEBRUARY CALCIUM .215 1.076 < .107 5.815 1.938 < .107 .215 .430 1 024-DAYS MAGNESIUM 236 .258 .301 .732 .236 .258 .430 .366 POTASSIUM 043< .021 < .021 .430 .086 < .021 < .021 .646 SODIUM .904 732 969 4.307 .861 .732 .775 .883 ."
CHLORIDE < 1.076< 1.076 < 1.076 2.799 < 1.076 < 1.076 < 1.076 < 1.076 SULFATE 3.230 3.876 4.307 19.384 3.446 3.230 3.446 6.676 SILICA .086 .064 064 2.972 .043 .064 .043 .086 MARCH CALCIUM .246 .228 .223 2.565 .294 .125 .209 .000 013-DAYS MAGNESIUM 082 091 .078 .391 .073 .069 .090 .000 POTASSIUM .164 .076 055 .213 .073 .566 .069 .000 SODIUM .574 .677 .530 .541 .595 .491 .615 .000 CHLORIDE 410< .380 .390 1.354 < .367 < .314 < .349 .000 SULFATE 2.053 2.282 1.562 5.915 1.911 11.960 1.957 .000 SILICA .024 .038 039 .855 .044 .025 .041 000 APRIL CALCIUM 000 .310 .311 1.136 .287 .175 .172 .525 042-DAYS MAGNESIUM .000 .113 .101 .272 .124 .096 .094 .306 POTASSIUM .000 .103 .155 .151 .191 .439 .172 1.837 SODIUM .000 .765 .623 .795 .727 .562 .647 .665 CHLORIDE 000< .516 < .389 .454 1.148 < .439 < .431 < .437 SULFATE 000 2.274 2.181 3.940 2.680 2.022 1.986 4.288 SILICA .000 .031 .054 .265 .028 .043 .017 .061 MAY CALCIUM .234 .215 342 .274 .225 .186 .244 .254 034-DAYS MAGNESIUM 041 059 056 .059 .055 .055 .059 .137 POTASSIUM .097 .088 .127 .097 .117 .097 .117 1.174 SODIUM .411 .538 .528 .391 .372 .352 .440 .381
. CHLORIDE .264 .293 .215 .323 .107 < .048 .117 .225 SULFATE .979 1.174 1.272 .979 .979 .979 1.272 1.174 SILICA .004 .003 003 .002 .005 .004 .002 .025 JUNE CALCIUM .156 .166 .000 .195 .176 .176 .186 .205 031-DAYS MAGNESIUM 046 .052 000 .048 .045 .052 .060 .166 POTASSIUM 068 .097 .000 .097 .088 .107 .117 1.174
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REPORT DATE: 02/25/85 PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC, ' REPORT NO. D84234.Y01 PAGE.- 2-PRECIPITATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION SAMPLES COLLECTED MONTHLY FROM JANUARY THRU DECEMBER, 1985 AT LOCATIONS-IN THE VICINITY OF THE TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT, VALUES ARE CALCULATED AND EXPRESSED AS KG/ HECTARE / STATION. CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION COLLECTOR STATIONS MONTH PARAMETER 1 2 3 6 7- 9 11 12 SODIUM .079 .146 .000 .156 .127 .117 .225 .035 CHLORIDE .225 .215- .000 .117- .225 < .048 .137 .137 SULFATE .577 .861 .000 .792 .979 .841 .1.076 .979 SILICA .004 .009 .000 .005 .003 .004 .003 .095 JULY CALCIUM .225 .186 1.076 .352 .456 .460 .092 .971 029-DAYS MAGNESIUM .044 .040 .117 .047 .093 .070 .019 .354 POTASSIUM .094 .146 .000 .166 .087 .444 .094 1.990 SODIUM .205 .274 .000 .234 .207 .246 .127 1.019 CHLORIDE < .048 .186 .303 < .048 < .103 < .082 .058 < .242 SULFATE 1.174 1.468 2.545 1.370 1.224 1.249 .655- 3.301 SILICA .003 .005 .050 .038 .047 .064 .010 .281 AUGUST CALCIUM .264 .254 .381 .636 .332 .283 .352 .000 035-DAYS MAGNCSIUM .034 .030 .034 .046 .030 .039 .030 .000 POTASSIUM .079 .079 .117 .137 .088 .293 .107 .000 SODIUM .080 .137 .176 .127 .097 .086 .146 .148 CHLORIDE < .048< .048 < .048 < .048 < .048 < .048 < .048 .125 SULFATE .744 .959 1.076 1.272 1.076 .920 .979 < .313 SILICA .014 .019 .011 .011 .004 .010 .007 .078 SEPTEMBER CALCIUM .299 .231 .554 .794 .210 .481 .198 2.374 031-DAYS MAGNESIUM .044 .040 .044 .117 .037 .088 .038 1.033 POTASSIUM .101 .070 .096 .100 .075 1.032 .186 3.190 SODIUM .222 .307 .332 .368 .242 .255 .232 1.1E7 CHLORIDE < .202< .252 < .138 < .209 < .269 < .245 < .211 < .371 SULFATE 1.945 2.268 2.631 3.554 2.265 2.162 2.283 3.265 SILICA .020 .020 .019 .163 .021 .044 .021 .304 CCTOBER CALCIUM .251 .187 .195 1.301 .198 .245 .113 .109 025-DAYS MAGNESIUM .096 .086 .083 .311 .090 097 .084 .375 POTASSIUM .077 .127 .086 .153 .082 .380 .076 2.336 SODIUM .620 .729 .706 .986 .619 .676 .646 .870 CHLORIDE 1.201 1.231 .899 1.341 .784 .972 .929 .916 SULFATE 1.667 2.326 2.247 4.339 1.941 2.030 1.657 3.665 l LILICA .031 .036 .035 .572 .045 .054 .016 .206 i . NOVEMBER CALCIUM .465 .454 .000 .363 1.976 3.736 .236 -3.948 i 032-DAYS MAGNESIUM .169 .241 .000 .125 .421 .940 .118 1.387 , POTASSIUM .183 .141 .000 .162 1.976 .412 .082 4.588 .\' SODIUM 1.170 1.093 000 .764 .975 2.447 .781 3.521 CHLORIDE < .704 1.135 .000 1.253 .790 2.705 .710 < .533 SULFATE 3.524 4.258 .000 2.756 3.557 12.497 2.013 7.576
1 O O O REPORT DATE: 02/25/85 PORTLAND GENERAL ELECTRIC REPORT NO. D84234.Y01 PAGE 3 PRECIPITATION CHEMICAL COMPOSITION DATA CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION SAMPLES COLLECTED MONTHLY FROM JANUARY THRU DECEMBER, 1985 AT LOCATIONS IN THE VICINITY OF THE TROJAN NUCLEAR PLANT. VALUES ARE CALCULATED AND EXPRESSED AS KG/ HECTARE / STATION. CHEMICAL- PRECIPITATION COLLECTOR STATIONS HONTH PARAMETER 1 2 3 6 7 9 11 12 SILICA .056 .028 .000 .075 .250 1.558 .047 .512 -i DECEMBER CALCIUM' .445 .137 .000 9.080 376 .976 .274 2.055 -l 000-DAYS MAGNESIUM .222 .188 .000 2.055 .205 .256 .188 1.027 i POTASSIUM .137 .137 .000 .788 .119 .445 .034 3.426 ! SODIUM 1.250 1.319 .000 4.968 1.233 1.267 1.216 3.597 CHLORIDE 1.370 2.569 .000 6.681 2.741 2.569 2.569 < .856 SULFATE < 1.713< 1.713 .000 25.698 1.884 3.255 < 1.713 < 1.713 SILICA .068 .102 .000 8.394 .205 .479 .085 .342 l l l l l l
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O Tchle E-2. pH (standard units)-in precipitation samples collected near the Trojan plant. 1984. Kelly cool. Net. Trojan Rainier Farm Prescott Tower Tower Goble Kalama Forest Month 1 2 3 6 7 9 11 12 Jan 4.7 5.1 4.4 - 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.4 fcb 4.3 6.1 4.3 5.9 4.3 4.7 4.4 4.4 Mar 4.3 5.2 4.3 5.3 4.6 4.5 4.4 6.2 Apr 4.2 4.1 4.4 5.8 4.4 4.6 4.4 5.0 May 4.9 4.8 6.3 5.3 4.5 4.7 - 5.6 Jun 4.7 4.8 6.8 5.6 4.9 5.1 5.5 6.2 Jul 5.8 5.6 6.0 5.6 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.1 Aug 5.8 ;.6 6.1 6.0 5.8 5.1 6.1 6.4 S:p 6.5 5.1 6.4 5.7 5.2 4.2 5.8 7.1 : Oct 5.0 4.9 4.7 6.3 4.7 5.4 4.7 6.2 N3v 5.5 6.0 4.6 6.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 6.0 D:c - 4.8 4.9 6.3 4.6 5.7 4.4 - Mean 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.8 5.0 5.3 5.0 5.7 Std Dev 0.7 0.6 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.9 CV 15 11 18 6 14 16 13 15
- indicates no sample available.
Vertical line indicates plant in operation.
. _. -. . _ . _ _ . _ . _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ . . . . . _ . _ . _ . . .._ . _ _ . _ ~ . . _ ..
O O O Tchle E-3. Total alkalinity (ag/L as CACO3 )-in precipitation samples collected near the Trojan plant. 1984. , Kelly Cool. Met. Trojan-1 Rainier Farm Prescott Tower Tower Goble Kalama Forest ] Month 1 2 3 6 7 9 11 12-Jin <1 <1 <1 -
<1 <1 <1 <1 j Fsb <1 1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1
Mar <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 1 Apr <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 ! May <1 <1 3 <1 3 2 -
<1 Jun <1 <1 4- <1 <1 <1 <1 6 Jul <1 <1 1 <1 <1 2 <1 1 i Aug <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 4 I
i S:p 2 <1 1 <1 <1 14 <1 15 i , Oct <1 <1 <1 2 <1 <1 <1 5 i Nov <1 <1 <1 3 <1 <1 <1 '9 Dec -
<1 <1 2 <1 1 <1 -
l l - No sample available. i l k i i l
O ! APPENDIX F Recreation Lake Fish L I - Species Catch Data - June O 2 - Species Catch Data - October 3 - Species Length / Weight Relationships - June 4 - Species Length / Weight Relationships - October i O h
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Table F-1. Recreation take gill net catch data, number and percent. June 14-15,1984. Species Number Percent Brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosis) 1 7.1 Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmiodes) 1 7.1 Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) 2 14.3 White crapple (Pomoxis annularis) 2 14.3 Coldfish (Carassius auratus) 3 21.4 Carp (Cvorinus carpio) 5 35.8 Total Number 14 O O
O Table F-2. Recreation lake gill net catch data, number and percent. October 24-25,1984. Species Number Percent Goldfish (Carassius auratus) 1 8.3 Squawfish (PtYchochellus oreconensis) 1 8.3 Bluegill (Lecomls macrochirus) 1 8.3 Black crapple (Pomoxis nlaromaculatus) 1 8.3 Carp (Cvorinus carolo) 2 16.8 Largemouth bass (Microoterus salmiodes) 6 50.0
' Total Number 12 O
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Table F-3. Recreation lake catch data, length and weight. June 14-15,1984. Number Fork Wet Condition Species Measured Lenoth (cm) Weloht (a) Factor (K) Sex Brown bullheaci 1 17.0 90 1.83 F (Ictalurus nebulosis) Largemouth bass 1 31.5 540 1.73 F
. (Microoterus salmiodes)
Yellow perch 1 10.5 18 1.55 (Perca flavescens) 4 White crapple 2 9.0 11 1.51 (Pomoxis annularis) 9.0 9 1.23 Coldfish 3 13.5 53 2.15 F (Carassius auratus) 6.5 7 2.55 14.0 52 1.90 F Carp . 5 31.0 429 1.44 M (Cvorinus carolo) 46.7 1,920 1.89 M 42.0 1,232 1.66 F 41.5 1,181 1.65 M 45.0 1,451 1.59 M O O
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Table F-4. Recreation lake catch data, length and weight. October 24-25.1984. Q Number Fork Wet Condition Species Measured Lenath (cm) Weicht (a) Factor (K) Sex Coldfish I 11.0 25 1.87 (Carassius auratus) Squawfish 1 37.0 657 1.30 (Ptychochellus oreconensis) Bluegill 1 9.0 15 2.06 (Lecomis macrochirus) Carp 2 40.5 1,335 2.01 F 4 (Cvorinus caroio) 41.5 1,181 1.65 M Largemouth bass 6 18.5 85 1.34 4 (Microoterus salmiodes) 19.0 80 1.17 19.0 85 1.24 20.0 110 1.38 21.5 120 1.21 24.0 210 1.52 F O l O 1
. . .. _ . . . _ . ... .__--. . . . . . . . . . _ _ - _ - _ = _ - -
4 i ( i 1 i + 4 k 4 E APPENDIX G Recreation Lake Benthic Invertebrates e 1 - Benthic Density, February
- 2 - Benthic Density, March
! 3 - Benthic Density, May l 4 - Benthic Density, June l' 5 - Benthic Density, August l 6 - Benthic Density, September
- 7 - Benthic Density, October
!- 8 - Subsurface Water Quality l l I' l - I i
Table G-1. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake j for February 22.1984. t Station 1 Station 2 2 2 .i Taxa Number /m Number /m
- Culleidae 108 902 Chironomidae 76 359 i i
Oligochaeta 32 54 Total Mean Density 216 1,315 i Number of Replicates 4 4 Mean Number of Organisms 5 30 I. Counted / Replicate ^ Total Taxa per Station 3 3 4 Mean Depth (m) 4 5 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L) l g I i e i I T e 4
)
ft Table G-2. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for March 29,1984. Station 1 Station 2 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Cullcidae 108 348 i . Chironomidae 54 391 Oligochaeta 43 11 Planaria O 11 Total Mean Density 205 761 Number of Replicates 4 4 Mean Number of Organisms 5 18 Counted / Replicate Total Taxa per Station 3 4 Mean Depth (m) 4 5 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L) O t t 4
* - - , - -- ,, .._._ ,,._m._ ,. . , . , ,,r_._.,.
_-.-.-.m. . ,..- . . . .-. .
Table C-3. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake O'- for May 10. 1984. Station 1 Station 2 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Culleidae 87 434 Chironomidae 43 228 Planaria 11 0 Total Mean Density 141 662
~ Number of Replicates 4 4 Mean Number of Organisms 3 15 Counted / Replicate Total Taxa per Station 3 2 Mean Depth (m) 4 5 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L)
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O - Table G-4. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation take for June 27,1984. Station 1 Station 2 ~ 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Cullcidae 130 65 Chironomidae 0 163 Collembola - 0 22 Coleoptera 0 11-Oligochaeta 0 98 Planaria 815 11
- Total Mean Density 945 370 Number of Replicates 4 4 Mean Number of Organisms 17 8 Counted / Replicate Total Taxa per Station 2 6 Mean Depth (m) 4 6 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2' Collected (L) 4 O
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~ Table G-5. Benthic density and summary data fror; stations on recreation lake for August 9,1984.
Station 1 Station 2 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Cullcidae 22 152
. Nematoda O 11 F
i Oligochaeta 11 33 4 Planarla 11 0 Total Mean Density 44 196 Number of Replicates 4 4-Mean Number of Organisms 1 4 i Counted / Replicate Total Taxa per Station 2 3 Mean Depth (m) 4 6 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 [O Collected (L) b O l
- .. ._ .. - _ . . . . . - - . . . _- . _ - . - . . .~
Table G-6. ' Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation take for September 26,1984. Station 1 Station 2 2 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m i Cullcidae 6% 98 Chironomidae 11 478 Ephemeroptera O 11 Oligochaeta 0 141
. Planaria 0 43 Total Mean Density 707 771 i
Number of Replicates 4 4 i Mean Number of Organisms 16 18 Counted / Replicate Total Taxa per Station 2 5 Mean Depth (m) 4 6 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 l Collected (L) t l 1 f 4 l e . LO k
- j. .
O Table G-7. Benthic density and summary data from stations on recreation lake for October 24,1984. Station i Station 2 ' 2 Taxa Number /m Number /m Cullcidae 619 870 , Chironomidae 0 163 Oligochaeta 11 11 i Planaria 11 0 Total Mean Density 641 1,044 l Number of Replicates 4 4 i , Mean Number of Organisms 15 24 Counted / Replicate - Total Taxa per Station 3 3
- Mean Depth (m) 4 6 9
4 Mean Volume of Substrate 2 2 Collected (L) 4 1 l t i t !O
Table G-8. Recreation lake benthos subsurface chemical data.1983. Station Station Date Parameter 1 2 February' 22 pH 7.2 7.2 Temperature ('C) 7.4 7.2 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 114 96 March 29 pH 7.2 7.2 Temperature (*C) 11.4 10.7 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 110 100 May 10 pH 7.6 7.7 Temperature ('C) 15.7 14.8 Conductivity (ymhos/cm) 96 87 June 27 pH 8.4 8.3 Temperature ('C) 20.5 20.4 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 98 98 August 9 pH - - Temperature (*C) 23.5 23.0 Conductivity (umhos/cm) - - September 26 pH 7.7 7.7 Temperature (*C) 18.2 18.1 O Conductivity (umhos/cm) 120 125
- October 24 pH 7.7 7.7 Temperature ('C) 11.7 11.4 Conductivity (umhos/cm) 97 97
m m g Portland General Electric 00iripts iy b Fl; 12 f. April 30,1985 OEAS-814-85L Trojan GOV REL-12 Mr. John B. Martin Regional Administrator U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Region V Creekside Oaks Office Park 1450 Maria Lane, Suite 210 Walnut Creek, California 94596-5368
Dear Mr. Martin:
Enclosed is a copy of Portland General Electric Company's " Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for the Trojan Nuclear Plant-Annual Report" (Docket 50-344, License NPF-1). If you have any questions or need additional information regarding this report, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely, h N. Richard M. Sandvik, General Manager Environmental & Analytical Services RMS:SCK: sic Enclosure cc: F. J. Hansen, LTQ L. D. Frank, DOE J. R. Donaldson, ODFW I l Mnn
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121 S W Satmon Street Rxtand. Oregon 97204
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