Text

SECY-78-505: August 15, 29978 Letter from Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft Concerning Shipments of High Enriched Uranium Through Chicagos Ohare Airport
	ML23111A279
Person / Time
Issue date:	09/18/1978
From:	; NRC/SECY
To:	;
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,...

September 18, 1978 SECY-78-505 For:

From:

Thru:

Subject:

Purpose:

Discussion:

CONTACT:

COMMISSIONER ACTION The Corrmissioners Clifford V. Smith, Jr_,._Di rector Office of Nuclear Material Safety and

}

Safeguards

&v J ;

-1;(}-kJ j

Jn Executive Director for Operations f AUGUST 15, 1978 LETTER FROM MESSRS. NADER, POLLOCK AND BANCROFT CONCERNING SHIPMENTS OF HIGH ENRICHED URANIUM THROUGH CHICAGO'S O'HARE AIRPORT To obtain Commission approval *of proposed response to Messrs.

Nader, Pollock and Bancroft.

Background

On January 16, 1978, Ralph Nader, Richard Pollock and Michael Bancroft signed a joint letter to Chainnan Hendrie and Mayor Bilandic of Chicago expressing their views on a proposed study of high enriched uranium shipments through Chicago's O'Hare airport (Enclosure A).

On March 9, 1978, while the Commission was still deliberating on a response to the incoming letter, a copy of NUREG-0170, Final Environmental Statement on Transportation of Radioactive Materials by Air and Other Modes, was sent to Mr. Pollock, one of the respondents (Enclosure BJ.

On July 24, 1978, the Chairman wrote to Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft responding to their letter of January 16, 1978 (Enclosure C).

On August 15, 1978, Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft wrote to the Chainnan again, stating that they considered NRC's July 24, 1978 response to be inadequate and a misrepresentation of the facts. Their four-page letter contained numerous questions bert A. Erickson, SG/NMSS 427-4018

The C01T111issioners about NRC actions relative to shipments of high enriched uranium through O'Hare Airport. It closed with a reconmendation that NRC prepare a generic environmental impact statement and ban the shipment of high enriched uranium from all civilian airports until the environmental statement is complete (Enclosure D).

Proposed Response to Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft The incoming letter of August 15, 1978 reflects lack of infor-mation concerning facts and events. Accordingly, it seems appropriate for the Conmission to lay these all out in a clear documented response. Since misconceptions about this matter may be fairly widespread, it might be helpful to provide copies of the NRC response to other interested parties. Enclosure E is a draft response to Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft.

Enclosure Fis a draft letter to transmit a copy of the response to Mayor Bilandic. NRC's Office of Congressional Affairs could provide copies of Enclosure F to the following interested mem-bers of Congress:

Senator John Glenn Senator Charles H. Percy Senator Adlai E. Stevenson, III Representative Abner J. Mikva Representative Dan Rostenkowski Reconmendation: Approval of draft letters (Enclosures E and F).

Coordination:

The Offices of Standards Development, Congressional Affairs and Public Affairs concur in reconmendations of this paper. The Office of Inspection and Enforcement has reviewed the paper and has no objections. The Executive Legal Director has no legal objections.

~~

Cli h, Jr., D or Offi Nuclear Materia ety an afeguards

Enclosures:

Seep. 3

The Commissioners

Enclosures:

A.

Letter to Chainnan Hendrie and Mayor Bilandic from Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft, dated January 16, 1978.

B.

Note to Mr. Pollock dated March 9, 1978.

C.

Letter to Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft from Chainnan Hendrie dated July 24, 1978.

D.

Letter to Chainnan Hendrie from Messrs.

Nader, Pollock and Bancroft dated August 15, 1978.

E.

Proposed NRC response to August 15, 1978 incoming.

F.

Proposed letter transmitting copy of Oesponse lePter to Mayor Bilandic.

ENCLOSURE A

I I I I t '

Ch~ir:::.:..:.1: Jo&eph Hcn.irie US ?:-:..:clear Reg1.1ln.tory Co:~.r.:ission

'*Zi=u::?:in.:;tnn, D. t:.

l*!a,vor !!ich~el Bilandic City ot* Chicago Chi caf':O, Illinois-60h02 near Mr. Mayor:

Ja.nuar:r We are vriting to express our vievs on the* scope and subs~ance or the joint study. anno~ced on December 2, 1977, regarding t~e. shipment o~ highly-~nriched

".!rani~~ through Chicago'~ O'Hare International Ai:::-oort.

We welcome this stud.,v, but urge ycu to assure that there is a systematic se~~ch for the best sclution i

to this transportation probla~ and that there is opportunity for presentation of public vievs on this important issue affect~ng all air travelers and residents or urban areas. It is our position that hishly-enriched uraniu.~ s~ould not be shipped through civil airports, but only via secure military air fields.

Chicatoans experienced a rude awa.w:eni:ig on Nove:nber 27, 1977.,. vhen they learne, through the news media that large quantities of highly-enriched ure.niu=. have LJeen routinely shipped through O'Hare for over tvo years.

As you ar~ Jell a~are, this material is the main ingredient for nuclear weapon d~Yices.

Techn~~al experts in the field of nuclear ams control agree that such weapons can be ~anu~actured

'\\dth the support of modest facilities, elementary technical skills ~d,...ith only a small traction of some of the shipments of radioactive material vhich have been sent *through Chicago.

Chica~o inherited these ship:nents after Nev York City :pruden*

banned the tran~port of most radioactive material through its ~etropolltan nrea two years ago.

Althou~h the ?Iuclear Regulatory Cc1T!'Xlission D.l)provl!d the transfer or these shipments from Uev York to the nation's biggest airport in Chica.go, it is indeed shocking that neither the people of Chicagn nor city or state officials ver~ ever consulted.

The environmental and social consequences of thP.se uranium shi:i;:?:?ents are po-tentially s~~rero.

.A!::scci:l.ted vith s1.,c!l s'hip!:lents ere tangible a.d~erse ef'!'e=ts* to the hU!!la.'1. environment.

There is the iff'media:te danger of radio3.ctive co:itSliline.tion in the event of human error, meche.nical fail~re or sabota.~e.

Fut the ~eater risks a.ssocia-:ed with the a.ir shiJ'):::ent of highly-enriched u:-a."'l.i"..!I!l derive fro~ its vaJ.ue a.s an ingredient for a nuclear veapon 9 vhich makes those s~i'P!:l~r.ts a t~~pting.ta~ge f'or theft*.

!t has been eclmo-.,..ledged 'by b-:::t:i the :i".!clea.r Regu!.:i.tory c~:::..-::issio:1 a~e the US Depart~er.t of Transportation that tra:is~ortation is a ~eak liru: in the securitv syste~ th~t sareguards nuclear m1~crials.

A hijack-theft effort could be atte;.~ted at any point enroute to the eirp~i-t or a-: ~?:e stationa~.* car?,o 11c!din,; e.:-eas ~t

the air tennina.l.

Since the tir.:ing o:' narti:-:.:1~~::- ship:nents is no~ p:.fol.:!cl:*t rclt=-:\\sei and rout'?s are de!ib,e~:i'tely V!!:-ie-~; ':1!e co~e:-cia.l a.irp:,r; pro*.'"ides tl:e a:~t?-ac':ivn of' a known location.

Nuclear theives co~~ cot!..~t on relatively ur:encu:::bered ac~ess to the _airport and the ca.c-~o area *,dthu:.t attre.:tin.; ur.Jue suspicion.

'::1e large nu.T.bers of innocent travellers at the t-_irpc!"t could fn.~:i lit ate escape 9 er prcvide pcrpetrntors vi th the OOI>Ortuni t:,.- to ta~e :,.:~ta.:es if t!le !!.tte!:".pt.1as !'oilea.

ENCLOSURE A

... ~

'!'he tteft of hicL ~:-- ~enriched urn:i.iur.,. vould of course have potentially di-

~s.:tr-: *..:s c'.'!1S.:!q_ue:nces

~ ~-:- Chica.;i:oans and the ::1aticn as a vhole.

A credible tr.reo.'-. to,::xplode the o.-:>'.rice in r. city "*o-:.u.d po.se agonizing choices for law e:1for,~e:::e:1t and politica.l deci~i~n-t:m.kers.

It -w-ould throw the city into pa:1::.c o.:; well.

City-wide s-w-eeps mii;ht. be inpler;.ented, mass ive pre-trial. detention o-r p'?tenti:::.1. suspects unlc"?""taken, and open-erated sea.!"ch and seizure measures ac!.c,pted.

Durinc the i:nnediate r..+'termath of a theft, the attel!lpt to confine the me.terie.l

to Chic.:,-::~ e.:id recover it quickly would cor.ceivably involve severe deprivatioi:s or civil liberties.

These real prospects naturally raise the public's apprehenzion about ilsing O'Hare and instill concern a.~cng those l i\\ring in the Chica.g~ area,

vhich could also neGatively depress prope1*ty values.

The fears recently-aroi;sed by ne~-rs media disclosures of the shipments vere allayed six days l.ater only 1*hen a temporary suspension o-f the shipments from O'Hare pending your present stu(y was announced.

We therefore consider that the he~~"Y' risks associated with these urani1r.

shipments and the required licensing actions by the NRC clearly constitutes~

"major federal action significantly affecting the quality of' the human environment.

11 National Environmental Policy Act (HEPA), 42 U.S.C. § 4332 (2) (c).

The !ffiC licenses the export of *special nuclear material. 4~.u.s.c. § 2074, 2131, and Ex-ecutive Order No. 11902, set out as a note to 42 U.S.C. ~ 5841.

Commission reg-ulations require notice a week in advance o-r the details of shipment o-r stra,~egic quantities of special nuclear material, 10 C.F.R. ~ 73-72, and otherwise req:iire secu~ity measures to be employed in transportation of specie.J.. nuclear material,

10 D.F.R.

~ 73.30.

The NRC inspects the security arrangements for these e~)rt shipments.

?IEPA' s environmental concerns include hazards to the urba..~ health, safe~y and quality of lire.

Hanly v. Mitchell ~ >160 F.2d 640, 647 (2d Cir. 1972); Ma:rvl":!.nd National Cn:oi..,t.al Par k e: Plannin;~ Comm1n v. U.S. Postal Service, li87 F. 2d 10.~9, 1037-38 (D.C, Cir. 1 9T~) ; Fi :rat Nat i01w.l B:ink of Chi co.gov Richa r dson, 484 F. 2d 1369, 1177-78 (7th Cir. 1973).

The hl\\rzards describec.. above--conta.mina.tion, theft i'or blaclcmi:dl, civil libertioo depriv~tions, and injury o:!' bystanders--a.re f:ictors to be considered in the shipment of highly-enriched uraniu."'ll f'r.-im civil. a.irports *

. These risks must be analyzed, mitigated, and balanced against the benefits obtained be~ore licensing them.

i-Iat..a-a.lly it vo.. :.1.: nut t.ut.kr:: se.:::e tc do an en*:ir:.:noental ~ssessn:ent ro'!' each shipment, which vould be repetitious and dilatory. This is a situation where NEPA's requirement of' a comprehensive analysis of' the environmentai conse~uences of a proposal a."ld its alterr.atives can best be met by preparation of a generic e~viron-mental i:r.ipact statement.

But such a comprehensive underta.'lting can be. d.on.e i:i the context of the study already U."lderway by the NRC and the Illinois of"ficials.

The main iss~es to be considered are the type 0f airport utilized, its location.rt.th respect to large population centers, a.r..d t!,e safeguarding arrar.genents ( incl.iding prevention of accident or the:rt and the plans for response to an e~ergency).

The environ.~ental issues stould be addressed :for the generic issue of' air transport of' highl:r-enriched uranium.

The focus would naturally-be on Chicago as a concrete instance '-"here shipmen-:s have bee~_-primarily conducted for the past two years.

The:>:"e is a preced-:'nt fo_r navinb: Chicago deternine the visdom of shipping veapcn::.-!:'.rade uro.niu.i-:i ~:hrough all ci vi! ai~*ports.

At present. a generi~ env'iron-mental irnpact and riak assessr::eut (:~* the t::.*anspor-::?.tion of ra(ioactive ~a.te!"ials thronch cities is being cc:1c.".lcted,.,~,..Jand.:.a :-,e.b~ra-:oi-ie~ f-:,r tt e :::.c.

In t:i"":-: study

!:ew *i r-*~~: *.~:-:y is be inc u.~ed as a r.,odel dest;ii te the fact that i't is a E;enet'ic impact a~sc:ssnent.

The -~un*ent ~and:in stucy does not specifically ad.clresn the i::-:p.. ~t ::,f tra."lsr,ort::.tio1r or ve::.:pons gr:.:i.de ura:.iur.l through commercial and ?:lil-i tar:? airports.

It ~ould be a r,reat waste of time if your proposed study did not do justice t~ the issues raised in other ~irports throughout the country and did not satisfy the minimal obligations iriposed by N'E?A.

What should be avoided is a study which merely describes the present security urre.ng~~ents at O'Ha~e and some of the shortcominE;s of that system, rr.:comr.ends some beefing up o'f security, and offers assurances on the basis or expert testimony that all will be well.

First and foremost, there must be a comprehensive analysis of all the antic-ipated environmental consequences of air transport from civil airports as co~pared vi.th the 3.vailable ~lternatives.

s~ccndly, there should be public*hearings and corrment to assure the.t the significant issues are raised and that there is opportunity for the expression and consideration of a vi.de range or vievs.

We understand that the i'nterim su~pension applies only to Chicago, and that rerouting of the shipments to other urban airports is therefore to be e:q,ected

{but not announced).

We strongly urge you to prevent this. In addition to,riolating MEPA, it would benefit no one to transfer Chicago's unpleasant hazard onto still yet another unsuspecting city. Nuclear trbllsport::..tion should not be a runaway industry, but must stand and face the public.

The transportation proble!!l. has long been festering, with slov and grudging improvements in safety and safeguards.

A.~

ad hoc approach of finding new outlets (with ad hoc security arrangements) when ever the olQ or

new are eA-posed, is not the answer.

NEPA and cor:::non sense dictate comprehensive planning.

We are sending copies c-r thi~ letter to the other Illinois parties* invited by Mayor Bilandic to participate in the study and extend our request on the scope of th~ study to them.

We look forward to public participation in this effort if' it is conducted in an open and broad manner.

Sincerely

~~~t~

Ralph rlader

(?,c,1~;_.-;?~~7c,e Richard Pollock Critical Mass Energy Project cc Cha:! !"r.lan Joseph Hendrie, US Ifoclear Regule.tor-J Com.-:iission i/',J.

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.-4,L__

itlu/}~ lxu~L-r,acha.e1. :aancro:rt

/

Public Ci tize!i Li tiga~ic,:1 Group,

Member~ or the IJ,.linois study panel

ENCLOSURE B

UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555 OFFICE OF THE SECRET.).RV Mr. Ri chard Pollock Critical Mass 2000 P Street, N.W *

. Washington, D.C.

20036

Dear Di ck:

March 9, 1978 Enclosed is a copy of NUREG-0170, Final Environmental Statement on Transportation of Radioactive Materi a1 s By Ai r and Other Modes, which I am providing to you at the request of Corrrnissionet Bradford.

Please note that the corrrnent deadline is March 15.

S.incerely,

~

Thomas R. Combs ENCLOSURE B

ENCLOSURE C

UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555 OFFICE OF THE CHAIRMAN Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollack Mr. Michael Bancroft 2000 P Street, N.W.

Washington, D. C.

20036 Gentlemen:

July 24, 1978 Early in the year you wrote to Mayor Bilandic of Chicago and the Nuclear Regulatory Corrmission expressing the view that a generic environmental impact statement should be prepared concerning the air transportation of highly enriched uranium and that the public should be afforded an oppor-tunity to participate in the process.

As a~ initial response, Mr. Pollack was provided a copy of the Corrmission 1s Fi nal Environmental Statement on Transportation of Radioactive Materials Bv Air and Other Modes (NUREG-0170) and invited to convnent on it.

In your letter, you also stated your position that highJy enriched uranium should not be shipped through civil airports, but only via secure military airfi elds. Since a decision about the use of specific airfields falls outside the Convnission 1s regulatory authority, we have referred the question of military airfield use to the Executive Branch for consideration. A copy of my letter to Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski is enclosed.

The concerns expressed by the Mayor of Chicago are expected to be presented by his representatives at the next meeting of the*Ad Hoc Task Group selected by the NRC staff to perform an environmental assessment as the basis for a generic environmental impact statement on the trans-portation of radionuclides in urban environs. That meeting was scheduled to be held in New York City on July 24-25, 1978.

In conjunction with 'the Aa Hoc Task Group meeting, the NRC staff is planning to conduct an infonnal public workshop entitled "The Urban Transportation *Study -- Looking Ahead; Status, Goals, and Approaches."

Notice of these public meetings was published in the Federal Register on July 11, 1978 (43 FR 29864), a copy of which is enclosed. Also enclosed is a copy of the Sandia preliminary report, Transoort of Radionuclides in Urban Environs; Working Draft Assessment, which will be discussed at the meeting in New York.

ENCLOSURE C

.. r Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollack Mr. Michael Bancroft,

We are*a1so engaging in an educational program for effected state and local law enforcement agencies. State and local officials who have expressed an interest in HEU export/import shipments routed through airports within their jurisdictio,1 are now being briefed on NRC safe-guards requirements. The staff will offer to brief officials in other jurisdictions where such shipments can be expected to occur.

The Corrmission appreciates your interest in these matters.

Enclosures:

1. Ltr to Dr. Brzezinski

2.

Federal Register Notice

3. S~ndia preliminary report

~w-=::uh M. Hendrie Chainnan

(. '

Ui*HTEO STATES

(

.JCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISS, J

\\'l~S.l~JGTON, D. C. 20555

,:,;:~:=~ o:: iH!

C1-1.:.1 FIM;.N The Honorable Zbigniew Brzezinski Assist~nt tQ the President for Hational Security Affairs The Hhite House Hashington>>.D. C.

20500

Dear Dr. Brzezinski:

April 28, 197~

One of-the responsibilities of the Nuclear Regulatory Corm1ission (NRC) i.s to regulate the CCl'iT.lercial export and import of privately owned special nuclear materials such as high enriched uranium.

During the past few years> O'Hare International Airport. Chicago> has served as the

~erial port for a number of international shipments of high enriched uranium.

In the case of exports> protected shipments normally travel by road to the O'Hare Airport and leave by scheduled corr.mercial cargo flights for foreign destinations.

The t!RC \\*1as satisfied with the security arrangements for air shiprner:ts t1hen i*:ayor Bilandic of Chicago expressed his concerns about them and asked* that shipment$ of high enriched uranium through Chicago's O'Hare Airport be stopped pending a revie\\*1 of safety and safeguards.

The NRC tenporarily agreed to this request.

In the meantime> Mayor Bilar.dic has stated that use of a military air base or the military.s ide of a civilian controlled airport (such as O'Hare) would go far to reassure the general public that every possible precaution is being taken relative to the transportation of these materials.

Aside from 'the concerns expressed by the Mayor of Chicago> there have a 1 s::> b~en several recent expressions of Congressiona 1 concern and a letter f rom Ralph Nader about the continued use of coir.m2rcial facilities fer such shipments. Since.a decision about the use of specific airfields fa 11 s outside.th~ purview of* NRC regu1 a.tory authority. we considered it ap;:,iopri.ate.to refer the question of mili'tary airfield use to the Ex!?cutive Ci--un=,1 for **consideration.

He loo!: forward to \\*1orking with you in reaching cl reasonable *solution on this matter.

(

Honorable Zbigniew Brzezinski I am forwarding a copy of this letter to H3yor Bilandic of Chicago who has expressed particular interest in exploring the use of military airfields for high enriched uranium shipments.

~ -~inc.ere ly,

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~\\..,;v..:,-....:..~

}

Joseph M. Hendrie Chairman cc: The Honorable Michael A. Bilandic Mayor of Chicago

[7590-01]

nAHSPCITA.TlCN OF Jt.A.)10NUCJ:)ES IN UUAN ENVIRONS PvWic "'-tins The Nuclear Rer..ila.tory Co~on

<?-t'?.C> sta.!! Is ;,:a--':ii a: i:l!or=a.l wo:-xs!loi:, on.tae t.-a:1S,)or: of :-a.cilonu-clldes !n u:ba:i e::nroz:.s !or Jul:, ::s.

l9"i8. ~

i:.!or:::al ~o:ss~c;:, s-..a...'"'t=

a.t :?:l0 ;,.::. Will be heici !:t ~e z::::a!n con!e~::c:e rooo of ~e Fo:-d ?ou:lca-tio:i. 3::0.Ea.st 43d S:i-eet. :Sew YorE.

-.;.Y. ':'he title of :.':e -;:;-0:ks!:0;, !s "The Ur!:1:an ~or.atio~ Scucis-Loo~

Ahea.d:

St;m:s.

GOL.$.

.nc A;>-

proacbes.'*

The NRC has i:,revto\\:Sly amiounced (4:: FR 1::71> lts intent to ;,re::,a.re a reneric enViron::ie:ital i::;,a.ct stat~

. me:it on t!le t.-:.:s;,ortatio:a o! ~on--

uclides t?1 u:!:la:i env'.ror.s. This envt-roi::::nen:.a.l i::::>aet s::ite::1e:1~ on the tr:u:si:,ortation of radioae:ive material near. i:t. a:id t."l."'Ougb._ a. la.-;e cemely populated a:*ea. is be~ prepared 1ll coc:iec:ion -.;itb. a. reeva.lt.:.ation of

,resent re~a.tiocs a.s*!.c.dica.ted 1!1 the a.dva.nce notice of rulemak: inr proceed*

mgs ;:,ubliskled June :. 1975 <40 PR 23768), anci J)urst:ant to the :Sa.tiocal EnvtronmentaJ. :?olic:J' Act o! 1969 <83 Stat. 852l.

The ee:iertc envirolll::Wltal tm;,ac:t state=ent Till coo.sider such u:iique facets o! the ur:an settil:r as:.

<:U lllih ~pulatlou dem1:r. Ee&VT s,edes-trt&n U'l,ffic; cilu:-..al v:.n&:10:s In ~pwa,.

itoc: a=d aor::.ontal,*er-..ic&l dlstrltiuttoD..

c:> tl:uqu~ cnn.Qor-.a.:.i011 c"1rocDmt:

CcD~enc:e of

~r-.&::10:i rol.lt.es:

he&Y7 tn.Uic: m:a.:11 U3ers and holC:e:s of ~-

dioactive i:r.au:'.als; ~d ~ere:i, S&te-rm,rcs enTU'Cnme:u.

<3> S;:,ed.:1.1 e!.!ects: ~e-c:--' or lOCll md mJ-c:cmeteoroloa, and sh.leldl.::c eilect.S of bail~

I:::npha.sis will be J)la.eed on raciloloKi*

cu bealth effects. but all envtr:,ncen-tal i::pa.c:ta. botll nd.ioloJic:al and ::i.on-radiologic:il. w-Jl be a.ssessed..

The N&C r..a.!! has selec"'..ed Suictla

.La.bo~tories. A.ltluquerQue. N *.!.le."<-. to pe.~0:::1 an e::.n.-on:2enta.1 z.ssess:::ient.

i:::xm whic!i t!le ienerie e:i-.1roc.:1ental

. 1%:l;)a.et s:a.ument ~

be la....-gely based..

To hel;, 1: i:.S e:mrc:::u:ienta.l a::.a.ljSis.

Suidia. La.bor&tories na.s :creed an ad

hOC" task ~ou;, <.\\E!Ci> to p:ortde &

forw::i for t!le exc:bi.llZe of ideas and tmor=ation between e:Qerts. The broadlr

based me.cber.shi;, of the AE:TG includes ~*rsons a.ssoda.ted With 10ve::,.::ie.at <local. State, and Fed~""2.ll. i:ldu.s::-y. a.ca.de::m.. a= enn-ro::i::enu.I a.ctivist grcu~ M~til:p oI the AJ:r."G are o-pe:i. to t..~e publlc.

Dates a.:id loc::wo::s of * ;,nvious..urTCi

=~ a.~ Se:::,t. :a. 19"16-New York.

N.T~ Nov. 16-11, 1978-ArlmnoD. Va.; Mu.

2!.-30. 19':7-klt:=or:. !lie.; &:id J&.117 lJ-14.

19'r.'-Bom-..c11. Ta.

Mi:lutes of tJ:ese c.eetmi:s are placed m the 't'~"aC.Pc'blic Doeu*

ment P.oo=. 1717 li ~t NW..

Wul:i!:r.on.. D.C.. a.s they beecme

&~a.ale..

Sa:1cila* Iiooratories ls :::ii.u::1..'11r a fl!-..h anci !!:.al ceet'.:i~ of :he AiiTG

!or July :?-t-:?5, 1973, bei"'.n:mr a., 9 a.:::i.. 1:l tb.e r::.2.i!l eo:!ere:1c:e rooc of t!le Pord ?ot:.::cation, 3:!!l East 43d s~~t. New Yer.le. N.Y. Tlle.>r~

~u.-::,ose ot ttte !!t:!1 :z:::eei:::cs of Cle AETG 1s t o C!SC:.:.ss the ;,ret1-;:,3,!"Y re;:,ort. -r:-~~~ o! ?.a:.:cr.uc:!ie:s 1:l tirba:::t :::::i~rons: Work!::.z Dra.!t As-sess::::e:t," ii.-e:i :o h7.C cy Sa.nc!a.

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1n kee;,I:Lg with the previous eftor..s throui!lout this stuQ to obtain earl.Y pul:lllc in;:iut,; interested ';)'ersoc.s are encouraged to atte!ld both the ~"RC and Sa.ncia public: =~ti:ln. Inte~ted i:,e~oz:s a...-e invited to a.ttend tl::e meet*

inl' to 3.Sk'c;l!estioos or =ue com-.
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ninary S~cila re:;iort. Written c:n:-:..-:~nts ma.y be su:::.itted at the
=ee~e or a.t a.:iy tir::le to the Secre-ta...7 of the Coc.cissio:i. U.s. Nuclear Re~.ll:itory Coc:::.i.ssior-Wasb.i:lr;on.
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ENCLOSURE D
August 15, 1978 Colffllissioner Joseph Hendrie,.Chairman U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Corrmfssion Washington, D.C.
20555
~ar Chairman Hendrie:
en January 16, 1978 we wrote to your office concerning the shipment of Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) through Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.
At the time of our letter, your office announced that HEU air shipments through O'Hare would be suspended pending a complete review of the safety of such activity~
we expressed the view then that a generic environmental impact statement should be prepared concerning all HEU air shipments and that the public should be af-forded an opportunity to participate in the process. It was also our position that HEU, which is weapons-grade material, should not be shipped through
~crar.ercial airports but only via secure military air fields.
On July 24 we received your reply to these recommendations.
We find the --
response to be inadequate and a misrepresentation of the facts. Neither the citi-
~
zens of Chicago, nor citizens who use corrmercial airports can derive much satisfac-tion or reassurance from your reply. Rather. the July 24 correspondence raises several new and disturbing questions ab~ut NRC's cormnitment to safeguard the lives and property of air travellers and of those who reside near commercial airports.
First, on the subject of a generic environmental impact statement (GEIS),
we observed that a GEIS could be drafted by the NRC/Illinois study group which
~RC announced would be assembled in early December, 1977.
The group w~s charged with the responsibility to investigate thP. shipment of HEU out of O'Hare.
It was stated i n December that until the group released its findings a11 HEU shi pments wouid be suspended. This group was supposed to be comprised of representatives from the Mayor of Chicago, the state Attorney General, Senator Adlai Stevenson, Senator Charle Percy, the state health service, Rep. Dan Rostenkowsk; and the NRC.
In your response to us, you rejected the need for a GEIS.
But your letter also r.eglected to mention that the Con1ilission quietly dissolved the NRC/Illinois study group earlier this year. According to all of the parties originally invited to participate tn the study group, not a single m:aeting was convened to examine the imp~rtant safety issues raised by activit,y. The NRC has not assembled another group to investigate this area.
Second~ your letter asserted that the City of Chicago would be represented before the July 24-25 meeting of the Ad Hoc Task Force on the transportation of radioactive materials in cities~ which is a NRC/Sandia Laboratory joint venture.
Thf Critical Mass Energy Project (CMEP) has a member si tti,ng on_ that Ta~k Force who at tended the New York City meeting.
In point of ~~ct, well before your 1etter was Si:'.nt on July 24. Mr. Arthur DuCharme. Sandia project director for the Task Force told both i-layor Bilandic'5 office a.nd CHEP that gi ven the advanced c;tate of the Task Farce's deliberations, participation by Chicago woul d not be advis"ble.. In
,~lidition, Mr. Nonnan Eisenberg,. an official from NRC's office of Standards Developme1 FNCL OSIIRI= n
2 who sits on the Task Force, noted in the July 25 public session that the City of Chicdgo was discouraged from participating because the scope of review would be of very limited use for the O'Hare case. There was no Chic_ago representative at the public session who addressed the Task Force.
The Ad Hoc Task Force was tenninated on July 25 when its ass_ignment was completed.
Finally, your office suggested that we review and comment on an already completed EIS on the transportation of radioactive materials, designated NUREG 0170.
This Statement devotes two pa~agraphs describing airport security regulations. It does not even come close to a comprehensive analysis of all the anticipated environ-mental consequences of HEU air transport from civil airports.
ln fa.ct, NUREG 0170 erroneously states that "the only air shipments currently being made or projecte'1 through 1978 are imports and exports at O'Hare airport."
It *;s ludicrous to consider that this outdated study is comparable to the thorough review of airport facilities that was promised in December.
Furthennore, the infonnal NRC public workshop referred to in your letter did not address the shipment of liEU from O'Hare or from any other civil airport.
You!"' response also fails to mention or explain why NRC distributed a rrerno to potential HEU shipper~ on May 19, 1978 which suggests that the ban on HEU ship-ments through O'Hare has been lifted. The notice, signed by NRC Divisi_on of Safe-guards Director Robert F. Burnett, simply advised private HEU handlers that they "carefully coordinate any such shiprrients with the Chicago Department of Health.u Thers was no mention that a suspension was in force pending a study.
Thus the July 24" response raises several disturbi_ng questions.
Some of the disquieting aspects of this issue are:
1).
Why was the NRC/Illinois study group dissolved?
2).
Why did NRC fail to publically announce the termination of the study group?
3. Has* NRC undertaken any effort to do a comprehensive review of the risks and benefits of HEU shipment through O'Hare.
If not, is any sucil study planned for the future?
4). Is there a ban now in fore~ on HEU transportation through O'Hare? What compe11ing events or developments motivated NRC to send the May 19 memo to sh1ppers?
5).
Why did your office believe that Chicago *participation on the Ad Hoc Task fcrce was advisable when NRC officials and Sandia Laborat0ry contract employees indicated that it was not?
6).
Why did NRC establish the NRC/I11inois task force if the issues were already -addressed in NUREG 0170 as is implied in yaur letter?
7).
Does NRC plan to change any of the ccn~iticns for HEU air shi pments?
When and how are such changes to be made?
8). Given the fact that NRC dissolved the NRC/!llinois task force and the
/1.d Hoc Task Force no longer exists, how does the N~C expect Chicagoans to 1~est assured th~t their concerns will be thoroughly studied and re$o:lved?
3 In our estimation, responses similar to the July 24 lettar are an affront to concerned citizens everywhere, and particularly in Chicago, who expect federal reguiatory agencies to act on their behalf and in their interests. Such responses impair your own credibility and the Cllllmission itself.
Ghen the profound risks associated with weapons-grade uranium shipments, the existing NRC lic~nsing role in this activity and the numerous concerns.cited by Mayor Bilandic, Illinois state officials and by our January 16 letter, we hereby resubmit our reconmendation that a generic environmental impact statement (GEIS) be undertaken in conformity with the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act.1 We further suggest that Chicago's O'Hare Airport be utilized as a case study for the GEIS.
We urge the Conmission to institute a ban on the sh1pment of High-Enriched Uranimi from all civilian airports until the GEIS is complete.
You will note that a copy of this correspondence is being forwarded to the President's National Security Adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski requesting --that future shipments travel only through military airfields pending completion of an Environmental Impact Statement.
Finally~ due to *the broad interest generated by this issue, we hope that the NRC will plan to provide full public participation in future NRC decisions on HEU air shipments and to hold hearings in areas where future a1r shipments are contemplated.
lSince we last wrote you on the need for a GEIS, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the o.c. Circuit has addressed what NEPA requires when an agency undertakes a re-evaluation of an ongoing program. When the NRC, as here, decides to re~examine the safeguards for air shipment of HEU, which will set the course of this export.
program for the years to come, NEPA requires a programnatic environmental analysis :
What we do hold fs that an EIS is required when such a new look is had.
A new look may ba generated periodicai1y and spontaneously as a matter of good management and revitalization of the bureaucracy. It may be a response to external stimulus, as when dramatically changed circumstances dry out for review, or perhaps to accol11'llodate existing programs to changes in the agency's statutory mandate. It is clear that there is wide discretion in the agency to detennine when such review will be conducted. That 1s the essence of government and administration. It is impossibl e to have a "new look" at everything all the time.
When there is such a new look the ensuing request for-appropriations is a "proposal for legislat~ on 11 under NEPA.
Sferra Club v. Andrus~ No. 75-1871 (D.C. Cir. May 15. 1978) slip op. at 18.

~---------

4 W~ are extremely concerned about the way this matter has been handled in its own right and as an instance of the NRC falling down in its obligation to serve the public interest fully and openly.
We look forward to a substantive *and expeditious reply.
Sincerely, q~r;,.J,,,
Ralph Nader
~~,:;_~~
Ri chard Pollock Director, CMEP/'7 cc: Mayor Michael Bflandic National Security Adviser Zb1gnie,,, Brzezinski Members of the Illinois study panel Arthur OuCharrre, Sandia Laboratories Stuart Eisenstadt. White House Domestic Council Louis Benner, Nt'l Transp. Safety Board Dr. Leonard Solon, NRC Department of Health
~ckt( ~?Ute#
Michael Bancroft
/~r,,
Public Citizen Litigation Group
ENCLOSURE E
Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft 2000 P Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.
20036 Gentlemen:
Your letter of August 15, 1978 posed a number of questions about events following Chicago Mayor Bilandic's December 1977 announcement of a joint study by his office and the NRC concerning high enriched uranium shipments through O'Hare Airport.
In order to clear up apparent misconceptions, I believe it would be helpful for you to review the enclosed Status Report prepared by the NRC staff on this matter. In addition, let me offer the following observations.
On February 23, 1978 Mayor Bilandic wrote to NRC's Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, noting that an on-going assessment of the transportation of radionuclides in urban environs might well address factors of concern to Chicago authorities.
In that letter the Mayor stated, "Thus, it would seem illogical to attempt to push through a short term (30-day study) which would be unique to Chicago at a time when the major national urban environmental impact statement is already under active development by your Agency and the Federal Government acting in consort with state and local governments."
On four separate occasions Chi cago representatives were invited to attend a meeting of the Ad Hoc Task Group formed by Sandia Laboratories to help ENCLOSURE E
Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft assess for NRC the environmental impact of transporting radionuclides in urban environs.
NRC's Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards first proposed the idea of Chicago participation in a letter to Mayor Bilandic on January 19, 1978. Arthur R. DuCharme, project coordinator for Sandia Laboratories formally invited Chicago participation in a letter to the Deputy Corrmissioner, Chicago Department of Health on March 22, 1978 and.repeated the invitation in another letter dated June 13, 1978.
Finally, on July 17, 1978 NRC's Executive Director for Operations signed a letter inviting Mayor Bilandic's representatives to attend related meetings in New York on July 24-25, 1978.
Chicago was represented in the New York meetings by Mr. James A. Meany of the Chicago Department of Health.
With regard to your recommendation for a generic environmental impact statement, I can only restate that on June 2, 1975, the Commission first announced its intent to prepare a generic environmental impact statement to support its rule-making proceeding concerning the air transportation of radioactive materials (40 FR 23768).
That document was published in December 1977 as NUREG-0170, Final Environmental Statement on the Transportation of Radioactive Material by Air and Other Modes.
On March 3, 1977 the Commission also announced its intent to prepare a separate generic environmental impact statement on the transportation of radioactive material near, in, and through, a large densely populated
Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft area (42 FR 12271). This second generic environmental impact statement is currently being developed.
The Ad Hoc Task Group (of which Mr. Pollock was a member) has helped Sandia develop an environmental assessment upon which NRC 1s generic environmental impact statement will be based.
Furthermore, there will be continued opportunity for public participation as work progresses on this environmental impact statement through the draft stage.
Among other things, when the draft statement is available, the public will be notified through the Federal Register and invited to comment on it.
The Co1TV11ission is also conducting a rulemaking proceeding to upgrade physical protection requirements for significant quantities of strategic special nuclear materials in fixed sites and transportation.
On July 5, 1977 the Commission published proposed rules for public comment (42 FR 34310).
Extensive public conments were received and considered.
As a result, on August 9, 1978 the Commission published revised proposed amendments for public comment (43 FR 35321).
A copy of that notice is enclosed.
~ should also point out that on February 9, 1976 the Commission announced its conclusion that the air transportation of special nuclear material under currently effective regulations need*. not, and should not, be suspended, or otherwise limited, while the review process noticed on June 2, 1975 is being conducted (41 FR 5627). Although we will continue to assist and cooperate in every way with the City of Chicago and other state and local governments, the Commission has not reached any new conclusion at this time.
Mr. - Ra l ph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft With regard to air shipment of high enriched uranium through Chicago's O'Hare Airport, there is no federal or local regulation prohibiting it and available infonnation has not shown that such activity, as currently regulated, is inimical to the conman d~f~nse and security or constitutes an unreasonable r~sk to public health and safety.
However, as a result of Mayor Bilandic's announcement, there has been a de facto suspension of such activity through O'Hare Airport since December 1977.
In closing, let me make the following conments in direct response to questions in your August 15 letter:
1.
A joint NRC/Illinois study group never was fonnally "established" or 11dissolved.
11 While the membership of such a group was discussed in meetings between members of the NRC staff and City of Chicago officials, the scope of such a study became the principal issue of concern.
On February 23, 1978 Mayor Bilandic deci ded it would be "illogical" to do a short term study unique to Chicago since the generic urban study was already underway.
2.
The only public announcement concerni ng this effort was made through the Office of the Major of the City of Chicago on December 2, 1977.
Since this was a Chicago initiative, it was considered appropriate
Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft for the City to continue to take the lead responsibility in regard to public announcements.
However, NRC has responded fully to all requests for information.
3.
The NRC staff has not undertaken -- nor does it plan to undertake a unique review of the risks and benefits of shipping high enriched uranium through O'Hare Airport.
4.
There is no* official 11ban 11 on high enriched uranium shipments through O'Hare Airport and available infonnation has not shown that such activity, as currently regulated, is inimical to the common defense and security, or constitutes an unreasonable risk to public health and safety. However, shippers were informed of concerns expressed by the City of Chicago and have stopped using O'Hare Airport.
5.
Sandia Laboratories did not consider it feasible to fonnally expand
membership in its Ad Hoc Task Group for its final meeting in New York.
Instead, Sandia conducted that meeting as a public forum and specifically invited Chicago representatives to attend and participate. The City of Chicago sent a representative to the meeting.
6.
Together with the urban study, NUREG-0170 should satisfactorily address environmental issues of concern to the City of Chicago.
Continued public
Mr. Ralph Nader Mr. Richard Pollock Mr. Michael Bancroft participation through the urban study drafting stage should help assure this.
7.
Any decision to change requirements governing the air shipment of high enriched uranium will depend upon the outcome of current reviews and rulemaking proceedings.
8.
The Commission hopes that continued participation by Chicago authorities in its current reviews will assure that their concerns are satisfactorily resolved.
The Corrmission appreciates your interest in these matters and invites your continued participation in its current reviews.
Enclosures:
1. Status Report w/attachments
2.
43 FR 35321 Sincerely, Joseph M. Hendrie Chainnan
STATUS REPORT CHRONOLOGY AND STATUS OF JOINT CHICAGO-NRC REVIEW CONCERNING HIGH ENRICHED URANIUM SHIPMENTS THROUGH CHICAGo~s O'HARE AIRPORT AS OF AUGUST 25, 1978 Mayor Bilandic Expresses Concern On December l, 1977, Mayor Bilandic of Chicago released a public statement of concern about transportation of highly enriched uranium through o*Hare Airport.
On December 2, 1977, senior executives from the NRC staff met with Mayor Bilandic and agreed that no further shipments of highly enriched uranium would be made out of O'Hare Airport until the completion of a joint study by the Mayor's office and NRC (ref. attachment 1).
NRC Staff Group Formed On December 9, 1977, NRC formed an interoffice group of about twenty professional staff to participate in a short term review concentrating
-~-
1 upon aspects of high enriched uranium transportation unique to the Chicago area.
Meeting to Organize Joint Study On December 15, 1977, members of the NRC staff met in Chicago with Mr. Edward King; Deputy Conmissioner of Health to discuss the joint study (ref. attachment 2).
NRC Letter to Mayor Bilandic On January 19, 1978, Clifford V. Smith, Jr., Director, NMSsr, wrote a letter to Mayor Bilandic outlining a plan of action to resolve the Mayor*s concerns {ref. attachment 3). Dr. Smith proposed an approach which he personally discussed with the Mayor in a meeting on January 20, 1978. It consisted of the following:
0 A Short Term Study The NRC staff would participate in a 30-day review concentrating upon particular aspects of highly enriched uranium transportation unique to the Chicago area.
0 Briefing on Final Environmental Statement The NRC staff would brief Chicago officials on its Final Environmental Statement on the Trans ortation of Radio-active Mater1a y 1r an t er o es NURE -
That statement was released in December 1977, and covers air transportation of '-radioactive material including packaging and related ground transportation.
NRC Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards ENCLOSURE 1
.. ° Chicago Participation in Urban Study Sandia Labs is perfonning for NRC an environmental assessment of the environmental impacts that result from the transport of radionuclides in densely populated areas.
New York City data will be used for model development and yield specific results; generic results applicable to any urban area will be obtained by mathematical analysis.
To assist in developing this assessment, Sandia Labs fanned an Ad Hoc Task Group including persons associated with Federal, State, and local government, academia, industry, and environmental activism. Chicago representatives would be invited to attend meetings of the Ad Hoc Task Group.
Congress Notified On January 24, 1978, NRC's Director of Congressional Affairs sent copies of Dr. Smith's January 19 letter to Mayor Bilandic to the following interested members of Congress:
Senator John Glenn Senator Charles H. Percy Senator Adlai E. Stevenson, II I Representative Abner J. Mikva Representative Dan Rostenkowski Briefing on NUREG-0170 On January 30, 1978, representatives from the NRC staff and Sandia Laboratories briefed senior Chicago officials on the NUREG~Ol70, final environmental statement on transportation of radioactive materials.
The Mayor's staff suggested that a similar briefing be given to Illinois State officials. Accordingly, on February 13, 1978, the Director, NMSS sent a copy of NUREG-0170 to Attorney General Scott and offered to arrange a briefing for him (ref. attachment 4).
Mayor Bilandic's Letter to NRC On February 23, 1978, Mayor Bilandic wrote to the NRC Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards (ref. attachment 5). Following are major points in the Mayor's letter:
° Chicago Considers NUREG-0170 Inadequate In his letter, Mayor Bilandic referred to the urban environmental factors not specifically considered in NUREG-0170 and those raised by his staff which "are known to stress large segments of populations residing in densely populated urban environs."
° Chicago Considers the Forthcoming Generic Statement on Urban Environs More Appropriate Than a Short Term Chicago*
unique Study For Resolving the Issues Mayor Bilandic concurred in NRC's proposal that Chicago representatives be invited to attend meetings of the Ad Hoc Task Group formed by Sandia Laboratories to help in its environmental analysis of transportation in urban environs.
Mayor Bilandic suggested that a generic environmental statement on transportation in urban environs may well address most, if not all, of the urban factors excluded from NUREG-O17O including concerns raised by his staff. Consequently, he considers it "illogical" to attempt to push through a short term study unique to Chicago at this time *.
0 Mayor Bilandic Recorrmends Use of Mi litary Air Bases The Mayor endorses the idea of using military air bases or military sections of civil ian-controlled joint use airports for the air shipment of hi gh enriched uranium.
Invitation to Meetings on U~ban Study On March 22, 1978, Arthur R. Ducharme of Sandia Laboratories sent a letter to Mr. Edward F. King, the Mayor's representative, providing background information on the urban study and extending an invitation for Chicago representatives to attend the next Task Group meeting, tentatively planned for late May in New York City (ref. attachment 6).
NRC Letter to Mayor Bilandic On May 2, 1978, NRC's Director of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, Dr. Clifford V. Smith, Jr., wrote to Mayor Bilandic responding to co11111ents and recommendations contained in the Mayor' s letter of February 23, 1978 (ref. attachment 7). Following are main points in Dr. Smith's letter:
0 Acknowledges Chicago Rejection of Short Tenn Study Unique to Chicago Dr. Smith acknowledged that Mayor Bilandic no longer considered it desirable to do a short term study of factors unique to Chicago and preferred instead to have Chicago representatives attend meetings of the Sandia Laboratory Ad Hoc Task Group assessing trans-portation of radionuclides in urban environs,
0 Military Airfield Question Referred to Executive Branch Dr. Smith infonned Mayor Bilandic that the questions of military airfield use had been referred to the Executive Branch for consideration.
Shippers Notified As promised in its May 2, 1978 letter to Mayor Bilandic, NRC notified all potential shippers of high enriched uranium on May 19, 1978, about the Mayor's concerns and requested that they carefully coordinate any *such shi pments with Chicago authorities (ref. attachment 8).
Note: Although there is no federal or local regulation prohibiting air shipment of high enriched uranium through Chicago's O'Hare airport, there has been a de facto suspension of such activity since the Mayor's announce-ment of December 2, 1977.
Invitation to Meetings on Urban Study On June 13, 1978, A. R. DuChanne of Sandia Laboratories answered a letter from Mr. E. F. King, responding to his March 22, 1978 invitation. The invitation to Chicago officials to attend and participate in the New York meetings was reiterated (ref. attachment 9).
Chicago Representatives Invited to Meeting in New York On July 17, 1978, NRC's Executive Director for Operations wrote to Mayor Bilandic inviting representatives to attend meetings in New York related to an environmental assessment on transport of radionuclides in urban environs (ref. attacl'lnent 10).
Meetings in New York City On July 24-25, 1978, Sandia Laboratories conducted, with public partici-pation, a meeting of t he Ad Hoc Task Group advising on the development of Sandia's Envirorvnental Assessment on Transport of Radionuclides in Urban Environs.
On the afternoon of July 25, 1978, the NRC staff conducted an informal workshop on the Sandia assessment and related regulatory issues.
(Mr. J. A. Meany, Chief Sanitation Officer, Department of Heal th, repre-sented the City of Chicago.
Mr. Richard Pollock, Director, Critical Mass Energy Project (CMEP}, is a member of the Sandia Task Group and spoke at both meetings.)
Attachments: Seep. 5
- 5 Attachments to Status Report
1. City of Chicago Public Announcement dated December 2, 1977.
2. City of Chicago Meeting Agenda dated December 15, 1977.
3. Letter to Mayor Bilandic from Clifford V. Smith, Jr. dated January 19, 1978, with six enclosures.
4. Letter to Attorney General William J. Scott from Clifford V. Smith, Jr.
dated February 13, 1978.
5 *. Letter to Clifford V. Smith Jr. from Mayor Bilandic dated February 23, 1978.
6. Letter to Edward F. King from A. R. Ducharme dated March 22, 1978, without enclosure *
7. Letter to Mayor Bilandic from Clifford V. Smith, Jr. dated May 2, 1978,
8.
9.
10.
with enclosure.
Letter to Licensees from Robert F. Burnett dated May 19, 1978.
Letter to Edward F. Ki ng from A. R. Ducharme dated June 13, 1978.
Letter to Mayor Bilandic from Lee V. Gossick dated July 17, 1978, with two enclosures.
CITY OF CHICAGO OFFICE OF THE MAYOR December 2, 1977 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Mayor Bil~ndic met today with senior members of the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff.
MICHAEL A. I MAYOi The Mayor and the NRC representatives agreed that no further shipments of high enriched uranium \\o.Ould be made out of O'Hare Airport until the completion of a joint study by the Mayor's Office and NRC.
This study will be initiated promptly.
While NRC believes that these shipments are being made safely, it has agreed with Mayor Bilandic t~ restudy the situation.
At the Mayor's suggestion, the NRC agreed to invite Congressman Dan Rostenkowski, Senators *Adlai Stevenson and Charles Percy and Illinois Attorney General William Scott, or their representatives as well as an official of the Illinois Department of Health to participate in the study *
. IJ # fl II If II # f I II II II II II ATCH. 1
:.:.n~J:;... 3:'.ancic
~'ICJr Richard J. Daley Center Cr.k~go, i llinois 60602 Murray C. 8ro1.-m, Comm:i EdV':ard F. King Deputy Comn.i!
The !allowing were present at a meeti~g on December 15, 1977 in ~ne Board Room of the Department of Health regarding Uranium:
Edward F: King,.Depiit1 Commissioner, Department of Health Gayle F. Haglund, Special Counsel to Mayor Bilandic Robert F. Burnett 1 Director,~ Division of Safeg~ards, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission James F. Donahue, Chie!, Security & Investiga~ions
_ 1:
Sec~ion, United States Nuclear Regulatory Co~~i ssion, Region I!I, Glen Ellyn, Illinois Jack A. Hind, Chief, Safeguards Branch, Region III, Glen Ellyn, Illinois Eob Eric~son, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, uivision cf Safeguards, (301) 427-4018 Dr, Ronald Foreman, Toxicolcgis~, Department of Health December 15, 1977 ATCH-. 2
!I A. Bilandic Ut.t-'At< I IVlt.1'4 I OF HEALTH Murray C. Brown, M.D.
Commission*r Richard J. Daley Center Chicago, 1 llinois 60602 Edward F. King, R.S.
Deputy Commissioner POINTS FOR DISCUSSION First organizing meeting, Joint Study Group, Office of the Mayor, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, December 1s,*1977 I. Definition of materials as hazardous or non-hazardous A. "Intrinsically hazardous -- radiation hazard.
B.
Extrinsic hazard -
subject to security threat.
c.
Examiniation of objective and scl:>jective impacts upon citizens in populous areas.
o. "Examiniation of options available to counteract intrinsic and extrinsic threats.
II. Security Safeguards A.
Over the road transporation.
B.
Railroad C.
Airport
1) Pre-aircraft.loading
2)
Aboard_aircraft III. Options To increase citizen safety and public health security.
IV. Definition of legal responsibility A.
Municipal government B.
State government
c. Federal government CMIC.A.G~ -
CITY OF THE **1 WILL'* SitlAIT
POINTS FOR DISCUSION Cont.
V.
Need fo:r regulations, loca1, state, federa1.
VI.
Study conclusion.
December 15, 1977
UNITEDSTATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555 The H*onorable Michael A. Bilandic Mayor of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60602
Dear Mr. Mayor:
JA~ 19 1978 Du.ring our discussions in Chicago on December 2, 1977, it was agreed that the U.S. Nuclear Reguiatory Commission {NRC) staff would review the health, safety and Qther environmental impacts associated with transportation of high enriched uranium through the O'Hare Airport.
In a subsequent discussion with members of my staff, on December 15, 1977,.
Edward F. King, Deputy Commissioner, Chicago Department of Health, also expressed a desire.to review health, safety and safeguards implications arising from transportation of a much broader range of nuclear materials over a wider geographical area.
Accordingly, I propose the,*following as a means of resolving these matters:
Conduct Short Term Study According to the joint agreement which we reached on Decen:ber 2, 1977, the NRC staff wil 1 lead a review con-centrating upon aspects of.high enriched uranium tran~-
portation unique to the Chicago area.
This review should take about 30 days and will include an assessment of the capabilities of Chicago area authorities to cope with incidents or accidents involving transportation of high enriched uranium. A list of study group participants is enclosed (enclosure 1) along with an outline scope of wo'Tk (enclosure 2) and action.plan (enclosure 3).
Briefing on Final Environmental Statement In response to the broader concerns expressed by Mr. King on December 15, 1977, I have asked the NRC staff to prepare a briefing for Chicago officials on our Final Environmental Statement on the Transoortati on of Radioactive Material b Air and other r-:odes r*JUREG-0170J.
I am releasi ng that study to the public as a final environmental statement covering air transportation of radioactive materials, includi ng packaging and related ground transportation. It reinforces
, a Commission statement published in the Federal *Register ATCH. 3
I '* Th~ Honorable Michael A. Biland{c on February 9, 1976 (41 FR 5627), concluding that the air transportation of special nuclear material, other than plutonium, under currently effective regulations needs not,
.. and should not, be suspended or othen*lise limited during the Commission's continuing rulemaking proceedings.
Further-more, NUREG-OI70 *covers normal and accident transport risks for urban population zones.
In fact, a population density of 15,444 persons per square *kilometer was used in NUREG-0170 to represent an extremely dense urban area for worst-case accident analysis.
A copy of the public notice of availability is enclosed (enclosure 4) along with the announcement about the study published in the Federal Register on February 9, 1976 (enclosure 5). Copies of NUREG-0170 will be made available during the briefing for thicago officials.
Chicago Participation in Follow-on Environmental Assessment Except as noted above, NUREG-0170 does not specifically consider factors unique to the urban environment such as diurnal ~ariation in population, convergence of transportation routes, shielding effects of buildings, or the effect of local meteorology on accident consequences.
A separate study specific to such considerations is being conducted and will result in a separate environmental statement specific to such an urban*.
envi ronrr.ent.
During their discussion on Dece~ber 15, 1977, members of your staff expressed a desire to become more knowledgeable and involved in nuclear matters, particularly as they rel-ate t-0 transportation of nuclear materials. Accordingly, I propose to have your representatives invited to join in meetings of an Ad Hoc Task Group which is currently assessing the environmental impact associated with transportatio~ of radionuclides in urban environs.
The Ad Hoc Task Group was formed by Sandia Laboratories.
Sandia was selected by the NRC staff to perform an environmental impact statement on transportation of radionuclides in urban environs.
The broadly based Ad Hoc Task Group includes persons associated with government (local, state, and federal), industry, academia, and environmental activist groups.
Thus far, they have held meetings in New York City, Arlington, Virginia, and Baltimore, Maryland.
I have asked that your office be informed of the time and place of their Spring, 1978 meeting and your representatives be invited to attend.
I have also enclosed a copy of our formal announcement about this study, published in the Fed~ral Register in *March, 1977 (enclosure 6).
Tt~ Honorable Michael Report on Transportation of Radioactive Material in Illinois Currently, the State of Illinois is obtaining information on
--a continuing basis *about the transportation of radioactive materials in lll'inois through a joint Federal-State program.
The NRC has provided portable instrumentation te the*St~te for monitoring radioactive material being transported on the highways within the State.
In June, 1975, the Illinois Department of Public Health issued a report on surveillance of radioactive materials in transport in Illinois. This surveillance program was performed for the NRC and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT}.
The purpose of the contract was to es tab 1 i sh a program between the State of Illinois, NRC and DOT to obtain information regard-ing the transportation of radioactive materials within the State of Illinois. Philip N. Brunner, Chief, Division of Radiological Health, acted as the state supervisor of the program.
My staff will provide your office with the 1975 report on that program, entitle*d Transportation of Radioactive Material in 111 i noi s.
The NRC staff is ready to start th*ese actions as soon as we receive your approval.
I hope that these actions will resolve your concerns so that transportation of hfgh enriched uranium can resume through the O'Hare airport, under currently effective NRC and DOT regulations, as soon as we complete our shor't term study.*
Enclosures:
As stated*
Sincerely,
Original Signed. bz
Clifford V. Smith, Jr., Director Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
TASK FORCE TO REVIEW LICENSED HIGH ENRICHED
, URANIUM SHIPt1ENTS THROUGH ff' RARE AIRPORT Participants Director: Robert *-F. Burnett, NRC, Director, Division of Safeguards Chicaoo-area Advisor:
Dr. Philip F. Gustafson, nire~tor-of Environmental Impact Studies, Argonne National Laboratory and Vice-Chainnan, Illinois Commission on Atomic Energy NRC Washinqton Staff
Participants:
Robert F. Barker, Chief, Transportation and Product Standards Branch Frank Brittell, Consultant, ColTlllander Los Angeles Police Department _(Retired)
Jay B. Durst, Fi~ld Evaluation Section, Division of Safeguards
.~
Robert A. Erickson, Chief, Test and Evaluation Branch, Division of Safeguards Robert L. Fonner, Attorney, Office of the Executive Le~al Director C. Vernon Hodge, Transportation Specialist, Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety Donald J. Kasun, Senior Plant Protection Analyst, Physical
Security Licensing Rranch, Division of Safeguards Charles E. MacDonald, Chief, Transportation Rranch, Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety Richard G. McCormick, Acting Assistant Director, Division of Safeguards Inspection -
Harry M. Mitchell, Senior Systems Analyst, Contingency Planning Branch, Division of Safeguards William A. Nixon, Senior Chemical Engineer, Fuel Processing and Fabrication Branch ENCLOSURE 1 (ltr to Mayor Bilandic 1/19/78)
- 2 rrRC Washinaton Staff Particinants continued:
Donald A. Nussbaumer, Assistant Director, Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety Sheldon A. Schwartz, Assistant Director, Office of State-P):Ograms Eugene Sparks, Infonnation Systems Section, Division of Safeguards
~ordon N. Spies, Field Evaluation Section, Division of Safeguards William J. Ward, Investigator, Division of Safeguard_s Inspection NRC Chicaao-area Particioants: (Office of Inspection and Enforcement, Region III, Glen Ellyn, Illinois)
John A. Hind, Chief, Safe9uards Branch James F. Donahue, Chief, Security and Investigations Section Other Particioants (As determined by !1ayor's office)
tl'!l.LU~UKI:". i:::
OUTLINE OF PURPOSE AND SCOPE FOR REVIEW OF HIGH ENRICHED URANIUM SHIPMENTS
Purpose:
To review and report on public health, safety and safeguards aspects of NRC licensed high enriched uranium shipments through O'Hare.~irport
Scope:
Nuclear Material: Uranium metal or compounds enriched to 20% or greater in the U-235 isotope.
Type of Transport Air Road Geoqraphic Area O'Hare Airport Roads and highwa*ys in and out Potential Hazards Chemical Radiol~gical Conventional explosives and weapons associated with attempted theft or sabotage Aqgravatinq Factors to be Considered Meteorology Diurnal effects Traffic conditions*
Shipment duration Accidents (collision, fire, air crash)
Attempted theft or sabotage Mitiqating Factors to be Considered Federal regulations :
~
Federal Inspection and Enforcement
~ Municipal, County, State and Federal awareness and capabilities for contingency and emer~ency operations.
ENCLOSURE 2 (ltr to Mayor Bilandic 1/19/78)
Action Establish Task Force REVIEW OF HIGH ENRICHED URAtlIUM SHIPMENTS ACTION PLAN
- Distribute background material to participants
- Establish NRC staff responsibilities for collection of data concerning public health and safety
- 1.
NRC data
2.
Chicago-unique data
a. Police and Fire Department awareness
b.
Contingency plans
c. Maps, routes, shipping data, etc.
t:rH.,LU.:)UKC.
.J Es_timate~.Jime To Complete
- Action Completed
- Action Completed
- Action Completed
- Coordinate approach with Chicago officials
- Action Pending
- Collect Chicago-unique data
- One week
- Draft report
- One week
- Coordinate draft within NRC and ~ayor's office
- One week
- Coordinate draft with outside agencies
- One week Prepare final report and arrange for joint
- One week release by NRC and the Cit~*of Chicago ENCLOSURE 3 (ltr to Mayor Bilandic 1/19/78)
,I NUCLEAR REGULATOf-: :' :,J:*1MISSION (10 CFR Parts 71 ~nd 73) 7590-01 FHIAL E::1/IRor::*lCHAL STATEMENT ON TRAr:S?ORTATI ON OF i{,!;DIOACTr/E t1ATERIAL BY AIR AND OTHER MODES NOTICE OF AVAILABILITY In its advance notice of rulemaki ng proceeding published in the Federal Re;ister on June 2, 1975, (40FR23768), the Nuclear Regulatory Commission noted that a generi c environmental impact statement would be prepared on the air trans portation of radioactive materials, including packasing and related ground transporta~ion. Although the statement was to be directed at air trans~ortation, other transportation modes - land and water were to be considered in light of the requi rement of the National Environ~er.tal Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA ) that the relative cost and benefi t cf alt~ ~~atives to certain *proposed federal actions be fully considered.
The state~ent wJs to be generi c in nature, assessing the impact from al l transportation. not just that associated with a particular rule change.
?urs~ant to the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Co;nmission 1 s regulations in 10 CFR Part 51 "Licensing and Regulatory Pol icy and Procedures for Environmental. Protection, 11 the Commission's Office of Standards. Development issued a draft environmental statement on transporta-t ion in t*tJrch, 1976. After consideration. of the 28 letters of comment received, from the public ilnd from federal, state and local agencies, a Fi r.al Envircnm~ntal Statement on the Transportation of Radioacti ve Materi al by Ai r and Other ~odes, has been issued and designated NUREG-0170.
ENCLOSURE 4 (ltr to Mayor Bi landic 1/19/78 )
41 FR 5627 Publish,ct 2/9n&,
PART 71-PACKAGING OF RAOIOJ\\CTIVE MATERIAL FOR TRANSPORT AND TRA;.*3PCRTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL UNDER CERTAIN CONDI*
TIONS PART 73-PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIAL Packaging and Transportation of Special Nuclear Material by Air: Continuation of Shipments During Pendency of Rule Making Proceeding On June :?. 1973. the Nuclenr Regulr-tory Commi.~:<ion published In the FED*
ERAL P..EC:ISTER 140 FR ::!3768 1 a nouce thnt it wns lnit!:itlng n rulemaking pro-CC\\.'Clin~ concern!ng the air transporta-t!on o! radioactive materials. including
- packaginir, ~'.'1th a view to the possible amendment or its regulations in 10 CFR Pnrts 71 and '13, adopted pursuant t-0 the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Interested persons were Invited to submit comment.. :md suggestions to tile Commission by August 1, 1975.
In the same notice. the Commission publl:<hed it.~ interim evaluation of the question of,*:het!ler its current regula-tions allowing nir tr:msportatlon o! spe-ci.tl nuclear materials ~hould remnin In effect dt:ring the rule mnking proceed-ing. The Commission tentath*ely con-ch:ded that. in llght of pri:,*ent lt1fc>>"ma-tion as :o the safety and security o! air
~hipme:n of radioncti,*e material, there wa.,; no sound b:tsls for requiring the sus-pension or nir ~llipment.c; of specinl nu-c-lenr m.\\tt-rial. The Commis~!on*s tenta-tive c\\*aluation took into account the following !nctors:
In more than 25 years ol shipping spe-cial nuclear mate:ial. including pluto-nium, in civilian aircraft. there have been no air acciden~ inYolving the ma-terial.
The experience in shipping thousands.
of packages per year or nll forms o!
radioactive materials by all modes of transport under existing NRC, DOT. and FAA regulations has been,*ery favorable.
The reciuests !or suspension that had been received ns oI that date clld not set Iorth any si~niftcant new lnformntion which would indicate thnt present pack-age or security requirements are inade-quate.
In view of the physical security mens-ures now required by 10 CF'R Part 73, the protection provided aitainst ~c*:r.re accident., by the hlgh lnte~rity packa~i11g required by NRC. DOT, :md FAA regu-lations, the consL,;teuC)' cf these rcciulre-mcnLc; wiLh intenmtlonnl standards. the low aecident probability, and the favor-able cicperience to date. the i-lsk invoh*cd in the tra11sportation of rodloactive ma-terial under currently etrective re1mla-t!Qns were bt>IJet*cd to be small.
Not,;,:ithstandlng its tent.-i tive conclu-sions. m vie,v or the concerns exprc~~ell and the !act tl1nt reciuest:, hnd been re-ceived for the !'uspension oi air shipments of plutonimn aml other ~pecial nuclear material!!, cornments wc:-re !lflCCifically in-
\\'ited on the matter of whether suspen-sion or other llmit:ittons on tht' :ilr transportation of pl1.1toni1.un and 0U1er special nuclear mntcrt.'lL-; :ire Justified during tht' period thnt the rule mnking proceeding i:I being condu.*t<'ll..
Views on this mattt'r. to:,:ether with the supportini: basi:I !'Ir ::-nr-h views, were invited to be submitted to the Comml,*
sion by July 2. 1975.
After consideration o! the comments recei\\'ed a:1d other ln!ormntion :md me-tors dli;cus.,ed belo\\V, the Commission h:ts reaffirmed its tentative condtL~lon set out in the notlce published itt the FE:J*
ERAL RECISIER Oil June :?. ins, with respect to special nuclear materl:\\ls
<other than plutonium thnt is not con-tained in a mP.<licnl devke designed for indlvldu:tl human npplleation>.
Twenty-six comment.,; w~re recei\\'ed on the quc,;tlon or the Commis.~ion *s interim evaluation set out in tile June 2
notice.
The comments recet,*ccl. v:hlch repre-sented a \\\\ide spectrum of views on the subject nt issue, did not pres-:-nt :mr new lnfonnat!on that would support the sus-pension o! or 0U1er limitations on the ai:
trnnsportation o!
special nucle:u*
material.
The Attorney Gener.ii of the State or Ne,v York submitted his,*:ew that air transportation of specinl nuclear mate-rial shouht be su.spcndC'd p,~ndin!f.:***n-pletion
or ~he rul~ makiw, procee*:a1'.l' and U1~ acr*ompanyimt t:1:vlronnl'~nt~,1 impact statement. The um;P.S for his view we:-e contained In :i.ffida,*!ts submitted in an action instituted b}* the State oC New York a1,mins~ the Commis.~ion :iud ~e\\'cr:il other Federnl :u:cnef~q :n the Un!ted St..,tes Di:otrtct Conl't fnr th'..' Soutil<*:-n DL~trkt Cl! New Yor~:. s,.,:!<!n,r. :u:;,.. ~*i other t!1l!1"~. an injunl"tion :t'.-tair~*t i.i*
suance or licenses perm!! li*1i: t::::i:1'.--;,.. :-t b~* :ur :md relnt<'d comw,*t:n~ tr:mspurt of plutonium and other ~!J('dal nucle:\\r m:itJ?r1a1s from. i.'l. :ind O\\'er the City and S!..,!e of New Yor!c and the United States anrt It.<: urritor!es T.1e amda\\'lts t\\led by the State o! New Yr.-*, contended that :iir shl;,ment of
.. -*~1.11 r.uc!;!a!' m;:.terials endangers the hVo!:i ot ~cw York.::itizens i.'l tV,.l ways:
1. The possibility ot an aircraft acci-dent resultl:i; in a release of special nu-clear mllterials or radiation from them; a.nd
?. The possibility of terrorist activities directed toward such materials 1n the cour.:;e of air tr11r~~port or related con-r.ectlng transport resulting in:
(gl Del!beru.te dispersal of radioactive materials;
,b> Manufacture of nuclear weapons; or re> Accidenta.l release of :-adlo11cUve ma:er1als.
New ~r!c's n!!:diwlt.,; regarding the health hazards of air shipment. like most of the concerns that ha\\'e been expressed recently about nlr transportation of spe-cial nuclear material, relate to the pos-sible consequer:ces of 111raccldenta1 re*
le:ise of a signlftcant quo.ntlty of pluton-ium. It Is assumed that the reason that Plutonium Is discussed more thlln urnnlum ls that plutonlm po~es n much creater radlologtco.l health hazard than either low or high enriched uranium, due to It.,; much areater r:idlonctlvlty per unit mass. a.net It.~ raciloblologlcal characteris-tics. Uranium :?33 exists only In small ex~rlmental quantltle.s at this time and ls rarely tnir.sported by air. Enriched uranium, whether of low or hi;h enrich*
ment, would not present n sl&nltlcant rndlological health hazard even If a sl&*
nl!lcant quantitr were to be released 1n an aircraft accident. The low accident probablllty and the fnvorable experience to date with containers used to tnnspon urarJum 233 and uranium 235 demon*
stro.te that the i:,,-obablllty of an aedden, roulUr.1 In slanlftcant dlsper~al ta a*
tremely small.
For plutonium, other than In medical devices, the material reir:t.rded as most hD.z:udous by most of the eommenters, the question of continued air shipment at the present time ha.. been foreclosed by Pub. L. 94-79, enacted August 9, !975. It pro\\'ldes, among other thinis, that
'"The ~ucleu :a.erut&tory Commission sh&ll 1~ot license a.n1 s!u;unenta by &1r transport of plutonium In any torm. whether exports. tm*
po:-u or domestic shipment.,: Provided, /101D*
ttcr. Th&t &ny ;,:utonlum 1n any torm con*
talned In & medical device designed !or Ind!*
\\'ldual humi,n a.p;illcatlon Is not *ubJect to thl* restriction. This restriction shall be In force unt1l the Nuclear aeiruta.tory Commla*
ston hu cert:!led to tho Jotnt ComnUtteo on Atomtc Energy ot the Con;;res.s tha.t a. ate cont&tnor l.a.s been developel1 all(l teste11 which 1111U not r,.,:,turo under cruh and
~last*t'9t111g ~utva!ent to the crMh and ex*
"),loelon oCa lilgh*tlytng 1.1rcr1.tt."
Should such certiflcations be made In the future, they would of course dem-onstrate the absence o! any cause !or the health concerns put forward In the New Yorlt atnda*;lts.
New York's contentloru rerardin& the possiblllty of terrorist o.ctivit!es do apply equ:illy to high enriched uranium :?35 and.
plutonium. Howe\\'er, New York has !ailed to show tha.t aJr transportation and as-soclated ground transport are lnr.erently more vulnerao!e to such activities ths.n alternative modes of transportation that may be available. Indeed, air tr:ir.sporta-tlon may ha\\*e signtr.cant ad\\*ane:iges O\\'er other modes o! tr:ir.spor:atton from this stnndp0tnt. Bec:iuse transit time ts.-
minimized and the alr;,ort ot destination can be qU1ckly altered ll necessnry, op-portunities !or theft or acts o! sabotasre are reduced. Once In t.'le air, spec!al nu-cle:u materials are sia-ntticantl; less,-ul-,
ne:able to h!Jacldng than :s the cl\\.3e !er surface modes of transport:itlon. These 1 ad\\'anta~es are not demonstrably out-weighed by the grenter mobility the suc-cuss!ul hijackers o! an air shipment r:11&'ht enjoy: an alrpl:t.r:e Is, ll nnyth1n:r.
easier to track and nnd than an ltlnera.*u truck.
n should be noted th:t.t t.'le United States District Court !or the Southern District o! New \\"ork has der,led the State of New York's request !or prel!.-ni-nary 1nJunct1on In the action 1n ll"htch the amda,1ts submitted as comments were ftled.
Bued on tbe foregoing, Including the consldera.tlons stated In the June 2 notice described supra. the Commission hn.,
concluded that the air transportation ot specl:t.l nuclear m:t.terlnl, other thnn plutonium, under currently et!ectlve reg-U1ations needs not, and should not. be suspended or otherv.*tse limited during the period that t.'le rule mnktn.r proceed-ln&' noticed on June 2, 19'75, ls being conducted.
ENCLOSURE 5 (1 tr to Mayor Bilandic 1/19/78)
~42 FR 12271 Published 3/3n7 TRANSPORTATION QF RAOIONUCLIDES IN UR~A:~ ENVIRONS Intent To Prepare a Generic EIS The Nuclear Rei:ulatoz; Commission INRCl hu commenced pre;;.1r.1tion o! a 1:e11eric em,1ronrnental impact statement en tlle transportation of radionuclides in urban environs. This enviro:imental im-pact statement on the transportation of radioactive material near.
In.
ar.d th1*ough a lar;ie densely populated a:-ea Is bein11 prepared in connection with a re-evaluation ot present rei;ul11tions as
!n.dica:ed In the advance notice of rule*
making proceedlni;s pub:tshed June :?.
1975 <40 FR 23768> and pursuant to the National En\\1ronmental Poliry Act of 1969 183 S:at. 852>.
Pursuant to the stated Intention to re-view those r~ulations in place when NRC was formed in January 19i5. the rulemakini proceeding
\\o"a., lniti&ted with a view to the possible amendment o! 1*e11ulations In 10 CFR Parts 71 and 73 regardll'l; transportation ot ra.;Uoactive material. Including p:,.ckagin1. The con-sideratio1ia publi5hed previously api,ly to this environmental impact statement:
however. this statement will focus on !.he specl.al features of urban areas. and var-ious transport modes will be gi\\*en em-phasis In accord -;vlth their env1rcn-mental slgnil'lcance in an urban setting.
The generic environmenul impact statement will con.sider such unique
!acets o! the u1*b:m selling as:
11> High population densities:
12>
Shieldinir effects of buildmrs under normal and accident conditions; 13> The etrect of local meteorolon on accident cou.*equences;
<*U The convei-gence of transportation routes In cities; and 15> Diurnal variations In population.
Emphuis wUl be placed on ra.dto-lorical health elfect.s, but all environ-mental impacts, both radloloalcal and nonradloloalcal, wW be a.saessed. The ENCLOSURE 6
.,RC staff h~ selected Sandia Laboru-torlt!!, Albuquerque, New Me:-.:lco, to per-
rm an environmental assessment.
.;,on which th.e generic en\\*lronment.111 1mp:ict st.'lte:nent \\\\"ill be l:i.rgely based.
To help it.s e:wironmental analysis.
'".,n~ Laboratories has !orme<Min :\\d nne T:15:. Group to provide 11 forum !or the exrh.in!:e of ideas and Jnformatio11
,*tween 1:xperts. The broadly based
,.* cmb~r.;.1111, or the AHTC Includes pcr-llOn.~ :i.*.-;oci:itt?d with go\\"~rnment clocal.
.t:i.te :ind fcde1-:i.l *. lndust1-y. acnde:i1in.
..-d ennronment.al
ietivL,t eroup~.
\\ketin~s ct the AHTG a1*e open to the 1.*uLlir. The first meet.Ina wni; held in
w York C,tr on September :?O. 1:>io;
~econd meetintt w.111 held in Arling-ton. '\\i:i.. on r:o,*ember 1-:-17. 1976. As*a rPSult of the AHTG meet:nn the proiett
" pe ha.'1 been exp:m,~ed to treat socinl 1:npnct and quality usurancc practices 111 furt!1e:- depth. A third meetina is 1,:anned for :'>tarch :?9-3n. 19'17 in Bait!*
more. :Md. :.\\tinute.s of these meetings 1,1;i11 be placed in I.he USNRC Public Document Room
171'7 H Street. N.W.,
.\\Shln,rton. DC.> as they become av:til*
. ;Jle. Interested per.lion., nre eneour:t.ll'ed to a:tend these pul:lllc meetings. Further inrormation about the Sandia Labol'a-
.rles assessment, the AHTG, or !utla*e m.:-etings may be obt.*uned from A. R.
Ducharme. Division 5413, Sandia Lab-
atorles.
.:\\lbuquerQue New Mexico
. U5, telephone 1505, 264-5571.
After ti.e enviromnentnl impact
, -~essmen: ha., been rc\\*iewed by the
,RC staff. :i. draft generic en\\*iron-ment.al Impact statement \\\\"ill be pre-pnl'ed. Upon preparatlon of the dr:i!t t::wironment.:il statement. the NRC will.
nrnonir other thing.!!, c:iuse to be pub-lished in the FEDEftAt. RECtSTEII a i;um-mnry notice o! availability of the draft 1,*nerlc cnvironment.:il impact st:ite-
.. eut. 11,th a request tor comments from interestrct 1-.*rsons on the draft st.'\\te-ment. Tt.e smnm

u-y notice will nlso
,ntain a ~tatement to the elfect that commenL~ r:n Federal aiiencles and State and local 1,;ficinls will be *made available
,1**:cn received. Upon consideration of
.,mments i.ubmitt.ed w.th reapect to the draft environ:nent.'ll.,t,,t,ment, the NRC ll~atf will prc;,are a fin;.! i,:enei*ic envil'on-
.11*ntal impact :;tatement, the availablll-
.,. of v.hir'* will b~ publiilhed In the FtDftAt Rr.;t:.?£11.
ENCLOSURE 6 (1 tr to Mayor Bilandic 1/19/78)
FEB 1 3 1978
... : :: *-:*, = * \\'
": : r : *. ; : * *:
'T The Honorable Hill iam J. Scott. ~--
Attqrney Genera i.':... ; :. '..
~;~~~ of Il l inois Chicago. Illinois 60601 Oear !-1r. Attorney Genera 1 :
On January 30, 1978, at the request of Mayor Bilar.dic. NRC representatives bri~fed Chicu90 City officials on an environ~ental statement concerning transportation of radioactive r:aterials.
Th~ City officials suggested that this same information t'le r,rovided to you and your staff. Accordingly, I have enclosC!d a copy of NRC's Fi~~, E~vironMental StJt~~ent on the iran5n.ortat1cn cf Radioactive Also er.closed is a copy of the notice of availability published in the Federal RP.q1ster on January 25, 1978. As stated in tt:at notice, persons with views on the content or conclusion cf f-!UREG-nt7o, wh1ch may be r1~ipful to tha Corr::tission in its deliberations should file such cor.?ncnts by March 15. 1978,1ith the rlRC.
If you desire any further information on this subject. you or your staff are welcome to call t-~r. Robert F. Burnett at (301) 427-4033.
If you desire. we \\*JOuld be pleased to arrange a briefing for you similar to that given to Mayor Bilandic 1s staff on January 30. 1978.
Enclosures:
,s stated Sincerely, c

1~... e~ ~-'!'
-t.,.1ua1..,:.**
-e v.a.
- \\": Jn*
,:o"""'!:*n,, Slf,.:..:. *
C'!-1-".:~ *
Clifford V. Smith, Jr., Director Off fee? of rlucl ear ~!aterial Safety and Safegu.llrds ATCH. 4
.MICll,\\EJ. A, DILANDIC
""A'fOA De ar Dr. Smith:
~~
r*.,
.,*. ~
.i,)
I jJ ~ ~
~
01-"J,"l< ' J*:
<>I*' 'I'll I*:
~I AYO!<
February 23, 1978 This is in reply to your letter of January 19, 1978 relative to the transportation of high enriched uranium through O'Hare Airport.
You further point out in your letter that during our joint discussions in Chicago on December 2, 1977, it was agreed that the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff would review the health, safety and other environ~ental impacts associated with transportation of HEU through O'Hare.
On DeceMber 15, 1977, members of my staff again met with URC sta f f for the purpose *of e~ploring a joint agenda for a study to determine the environmental impact of the transportation of HEU through densely populated urban environments such as the City of Chicago and its major airport.
It is my understanding that the agenda for the proposed short term study proposed by the NRC did not address some significant environmental and health a~d safety factcrs, including those which are known to stress large segments of populations residing in densely populated urban environs.
It is my further understanding that NRC representative~ :hen proposed a briefing on NUREG-0170, titled, "FINAL -~7IRONMENTAL STATEMENT ON THE TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE. !'iATERIAL BY AIR AND OTHER MODES, 11 which was intended to add~~ss many of the quest(ons raised at the December 15, 1977 meeting here in Chicago.
ATCH. 5
Dr. Clifford V. Smith, Jr.
Page Two On January JO, 1978, NRC staff provided a detailed briefing on the contents of NUREG-0170, Volumes land 2.
This briefing was attended by six cabinet-level members of my s~aff, including the President of the Chicago Board of Health, Commissioner of Health, the Superintendent of Police, Commissioner of Environmental Control, Deputy Commissioner of Fire and the Deputy Commissioner of Health of t he City of Chicago.
During the briefing, NRC personnel admitted ~hat NUREG-0170, V~lumes land 2, are still classi-fied as "staff documents" and will not be submitted to the full Nuclear Regulatory Commission until at least March 15, 1978, at which time the Commission will decide whether or not to accept this "Final Environmental Impact Statement."
Furthermore, as stated in paragraph two of your letter of January 19, 1978, relative to NUREG-0170, page two, paragraph two:
"Except as noted above, NUREG-0170 does not specifically consider factors unique to the urban environment such as diurnal variation
in population, convergence of transportation routes, shielding effects of buildings, or the effect of local meteorology on a~cident consequences.
A separate study specific to such considerations is being conducted and will r.es\\rlt in a separate environmental statement specific to such an urban environ-ment."
We have earlier expressed deep interest in this separate urban environ~e ~~al assessment which you point out is being carried out by ~n ad hoc task group formed by Sandia Labora-tories, and suqyest that upon completion of an NRC-Saridia Laboratories ~~ ~~ ronmental Impact Statement on the transpor-tation of radicr.~clides in urban environs, it may well address itself to most, if not all, of the urban factors, admittedly not covered in NUREG-0170 as well as those raised by my staff.
Dr. Clifford V. Smith, Jr.
Page Three Thus, ~t ~ould seem illogical to attempt to push through a short term (30-day study) which would be uniq~e to Chicago at a time when the major national urban environmental impact statement is already under active development by your Agency and* the Federal Government acting in consort with state and local govern.men ts.
We do, however, concur with your proposal that Chicago representatives be invited to attend the meet-ings of the Ad Hoc Task Group and 'appreciate your sug-gestions made in this regard.
Members of my staff have advised me that your Agency is currently exploring, with the Department of Defense, the feasibility of utilizing militari air bases or the military side of civilian controlled airports in an effort to provide a viable alternative to exclusive use of civil-ian airports for the transportation of high enriched uranium.
At the very least this would seem to be a highly commendable interim solution to our joint problem and would certainly go far to reassure the general public that ev~ry possible precaution is being taken relative to the transportation. of these materials and to the safeguarding of the public interest.
Dr. Clifford V. ~~ith, Jr.
Director Office of Nuclear ~aterial Safety and Safeguards United States Nuclear Regulatory Co~~ission Washington, o.c. 205S5 Sincerely, Mayor
Mr. Edward F. King Deputy Commissioner Chicago Department of Health Chicago Civic Center
Chicago, Illin~is 60602
Dear Mr. King:
Sandia Laboratorie Albuquerque, New Mexico 871 '
March 22, 1978 I have been informed by members of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff that the Mayor and other officials of the City of Chicago are interested in a study being*
performed here at Sandia Laboratories on the transportation of radioactive materials in urban areas.
You were mentioned as the appropriate contact on this matter.
The environmental assessment we are doing includes consider-ation of details of the urban environment such as high, varying population density, shielding of buildings, and local meteorology and how these factors affect exposure of people to radiation and other environmental impacts.
Key aspects of the study include accident-free transport, human errors, vehicular accidents, and the safeguarding of radioactive materials in urban areas.
The transport of all radioactive materials is being considered, except weapons shipments and -
shipments on military vehicles.
Sandia Laboratories has been receiving the advice and recom-mendations of a 20-member task group since the beginning of this study.
The task group is composed of individuals from industry, the public interest area, governmental organizations, and academia.
This task group has assembled four times at public meetings so far in the investigation with one addit ion meeting tentatively scheduled in New York City during the latter part of May of this year.
That meeting will feature review of the Working Draft Environmental Impact Assessment currently being prepared.
I am pleased to invite you and any other interested public officials in Chicago to attend this meeting.
Discussions at past meetings have primarily involved the task group, but the opportunity for inputs from interested attendees haa been specifically provided for and encouraged.
These contributions have broadened the scope and imp(oved the accuracy of the investigation.
ATCH __,,_.
Edward
March 22, 1978 Enclosed is a copy of the interim report and available minutes of previous task group meetings.
I will send you more details of the next meeting in New York City when plans are finalized and a copy of the Working Draft Assessment when it becomes available.
I will gladly supply any available additional information on the study.
DJM:5410:dm Enclosures Copy to: (without enclosures)
Mayor Michael A. Bilandic Clifford V. Smith Robert B. Minogue NRC R. F. Barker NRC R. Bernero NRC R. F *. Burnett NRC N. A. Eisenberg NRC R. A. Erickson NRC
v. Hodge NRC D. J. Kasun NRC
c. E. MacDonald NRC D. A. Nussbaumer 5400 A. w. Snyder 5410 D. J. Mccloskey 5413 P. E. McGrath 5413 A. R. Ducharme Sincerely, a; R. O~Ck---~
A. R. DuCha<"me Fuel Cycle Risk Analysis Division 5413
MAY 2 1978 1 1 ". '
l "
13
1.. I '

i~ *. ;..111crau e ! i"l cn.1a "*
1 anu 1 c
.*~*Jrn* of Chicaqtl

1*
1,1
r111***--1*s
I,. * *.J t Hv GDG02 LJear f~yor !lilandic:
Tuank.vou for your letter of February 23, 1978 concerning our joint i'CVi.;i-J of the transportation of high enriched uranium tl1rou!1h O'Har~
Jirport.
\\s I t.md~rstand from your letter, you do not nO\\t consider it desirable 1.0 do.

short term study of factors unique to Chicago and would prefer
i,1stead, to have Chicago representatives attend *r.1e~tin9s of Sandia Lt!bor1:ory 1 !. J\\d Hoc Task Group \\*1hich i s assessing trans;,ortation of ra<lio-nuclides in urban envi rons.
r Jm pl~ased that _you concur i PI our proposal to have Chicago repre-s~at.1tiv.'.?s at!2nd meC?tings of the Acl Hoc Task Group.
ihe urban en'lir.. ms
-;~uJy should at.!dress a11 -factors of conc~rn, including those raised* b_y
.:,1ou.r s taff which r.:i~ht stress large ser,ments of populations residir.~ in
,Jansely populated urlnn ~nvirons.
!*Iith r~gard to Chicago involvement in
'~i1e urban stuJ.Y, I und~rst,::.nJ Sandia Laboratories has already contacted Ar. E<l~-n~rd F.
'.~inq, Deputy Com.1issioner, Chicago Dapartment of Health,
.1bout the next mc:?tfog of its Ad Hoc Task Group.
rn your letter, you s tated that use of mi l i tary air bases or the military
1 ~es of civi 1 fan controlli!d ai r ports would bP. a highly cor.rnendable incari1.1 solution to O!lr joint proble~ and wou1d certainly go far to
,... -:!assure t:1e g~neral public that ev~ry possible precaution i s being t.1ken relative to t_he safeguarding of the public interest.
3incc a ucci!;ion t\\bout the use of specific airfielJs fall:; outsicle the
!RC re1ulatory authori t_y, i-,~ hilve referred the question of 1;1il i tary
.Jirfi~hl use to the :xecutive Branch for consideration.
(Enclosed is a cnpy of :mc*s letter to the Assistant to the President for ;1ational
~ccurity Affairs).
ATCH. 7
~:foe.:! Dcc~::1b~1- :?, 1r,77 ~ ~-:*~ llave m~t tlitli you and exchz.ngeJ several l '.1t:..: '$ 1b.out th~ sM,1::-~nt of hi~l1 cnrich~d urJniwi1 throuan O'Hare
1:*~"-*!*t.
-1,?!,:i:;crs of our respective staffs huve met sev,~ral tim::1s to
-:; i ; -:. ;: ; tll'is <;*J~ji:!Ct.
-.:! l1.1vc informed r.;cr:ibers of your staff about r(. il-r..,1t 01:g:.dnq studies and providl!d them raports of cor.1;,lcted \\*:ork
,.~i-i.~:t C:1 th::: !):J:.,jG:ct of nuclear nat,~r=ial transportati on.
lost r:.?ccntly,
~:; yr:.u.1ctcd 111 your letter> :me staff rc*~rescntiltives nrovidcd Chicaqo
_f.-i;;ial s> i:1c*1uJinq six Cabin~t-level r::~i:ibers of your staff, a* detaiied
!...riefitlg on :-me* s Final Environmental Stater.ient on the Trans ortation of
~Jioactiv-e :1atoriai s ~ l\\i r and Other :-10Jcs71*ii1i'fffi:Of7a
As you know, ~!RC regulations do not specify airports which* shippers r:1ust use to transpl.lrt hig:1 enriched urani~m.
As stated above, the use of
>i

cific airfields fa11s outsi<.12 the rmc regulator1 authority.
Having refc:rr:?d the question of mil itary airfield use t() the Executive CraHch for consideration, \\'JC:! ~lill kaep you infomed of further dcv~lopments.
in ti1~ int2rir.1, we are notifying all shippers of your concerns abo~t security arranger:1ents anJ requesting car~ful coordination with your
.iu thori ti es.
In closing, I should like to emphasize our appr~ciation for the cooiJC~ration lh1: city has i1cen providing us in this ~.itter.
..::,clo~ure*:
Sincerely, Original Sif!lte-d by Clifford V. Smith, Jr., Director Office of :luclear Material Safety and Sa f ~guards L~r tc t'.1e /\\ssiztaot to t:1~ President for :!a tionu1 Security Affairs
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATOf1Y COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20S!>S Clf'."!C~ o~: TH~
... ~1 1/,I r.. *.::l.N
... :le Honorable Zbigniew Brzezinski
~ssist~nt tQ the President for r:ational Security Affairs The White House
~ashington, O. C.
20500
Dear Dr. Brzezinski:
Apl"il 28, 1970
~~e of the responsibilities of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is to-rcgul ate the corr.mercia l export and import of privately owned special nuclear materials such as high enriched uranium.
During the iJaSt few years, O'Hare International Airport, Chicago, has served as the aerial port for a number of international shi pments of high enriched
~ranium.
In the case of exports, protected shipments normally travel by road to the O'Hare Airport and leave by scheduled commercial cargo flights for foreign destinations.
The !:RC \\*1as satisfied with the security arrangements for air shipments
~hen ~ayor Bilandic of Chicago expressed his concerns about them and asked :hat shipments of high enriched urani um through Chicago's O'Hare
'\\irport be stopped pending a* review of safety and safeguards.
The NRC ter:iporari ly agreed to this request.
In the meantime, Mayor Bil andi c has
~cated that use of a military air base or the military side of a civilian controlled airport (such as O'Hare) would go far to reassure the general
~Jblic that every possible precaution is being taken relative to the tra~sportation of these materials.
Aside from the concerns expressed by the Mayor of Chicago, there h.ave l1so b~en several recent expressions of Congressional concern and a 1cttcr from Ralph Nader about the continued use of commercial facilities tor such shi~cents. Since a decision about the use of specifi~ airfields fu"fl~ outside the purvie\\*I of NRC regulatory authori ty, we considered it appropriate to refer the question of military airfield use to the Executive
,-;r,1nch for consideration.
t*/e lool: forward to working with you in reaching
~ reasonabl e solution on this matter.
Honorable Zbigniew Brzezinski ram forwarding a copy of this letter to Mayor Bilandic of Chicago who has expressed particular interest in exploring the use of military
~1,fields for high enriched uranium shipments.
' Si n ce re 1 y,
,/'.J..,\\.J. t --..,b-~
..* )
Joseph M. Hendrie Chairman
~c:
The Honorable Michael A. Bilandic Mayor of Chicago
UNITED STATES NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555 MAY 19 1978 TO NRC AND AGREEMENT STATE LICENSEES POSSESSING 1 GRAM OR MORE URANIUM-235 CONTAINED IN HIGH-ENRICHED URANIUM Our records ind-icate that you *possess hi gh-enriched uranium (uranium enriched to 20 percent or more in the U-235 isotope).
We wish to advise you that the Mayor of Chicago has expressed concern over arrangements for shipments of high-enriched uranium traversing O'Hare International Airport.
We recommend, therefore, that you carefully coordinate any such shipments with the Chicago Department of Health.
Sincerely, Robert F. Burnett, Director
-Divi sion of Safeguards Office of Nuclear Materhl ~afety and Safeguards ATCH. 8
Sandia laboratori£?S
~r-. ~d~-~~ F. Kin9
~puty Co*miwsloner cr,tc*wo D,nparf"*Pn~ of R@*lt:11 Chlcago C1vtc C~n~*r Ch~~*go. iL 50S02 Dear Kr.. 1tln9*
JunP-lJ~ 1978
.I _.,... 9taa ~o h.er f'ro* you r*cent.Jy ln r**~onflll-,o ~o "'Y J ~ ~t~~ or ft*reh 22~ 1978. lnTl~lng you *n~ ~ny o~h*r in~*res~~d public or~tclal* In Chic*?O to ~~~ffnd *
~aR~
~Koup ~@~~Jn9 on ~h@ ~r~n~po~~*tion or r~~Jo~c~I*~
Dt~rl*l* In urb~n *r***-
=Thi* ~lr~h ftnd l**t 1n a R~rf**
0 £ *-*~lng* J* now *chwdul@d ror 3uJy 24-25~ 1979. *~ P-h*
Ford FounC,at.ion in "wv Yo-.-k Clt:y.
Th* J1111**t.ln~ vJJl f'*11t.ur
~j *cu**ionw or ~h~ ffnc~ln~ D~*~~ A*****~*nt whJ~h *~~
r~~~n~ly l**u*~ by Sandi* L*fmr*~oct*~-
A eopy Gf thl*
aoc-uaPnt I* *nclo91Pd ~or your *l.nCo,cn,,.~lon.
Th-. *nc-lo*-"
~P-nd olwo *ho~* thft~ ~~~ NAC ~1ii hoIO
woc~*hov rJght
~~er ~b* S*n01* ~e*tlng on ~h* 25th.
AJ.t:ltough t.h-, t:.w.. "~'.Y,...,.~r t:**ft ~.-oup e*nnol:. at:. Tf1f,. 1.,.1:..,
uate b* ~~*-tbiy *~P~n~~~ to lnc1ud~ your oC~lcf~J - ~~~~r
h~p~ t;h*.tr* w3/4.1..1. b* *'"P1* ops,ortunil:y eor r*rtl<!:lp*t:..lon br you or your coJJ~"guw* ~n ~hi* July -~~~In~ ~hleh wtll b@ op~n ~o ~h* public.
I *nrour*g@ yoa ~nd your coll**que
~o att@na *na ~o orr.~ *ny *uqg*~~ion* or ~~m~n~~ on our
tudy *nd ~h* prei**tnary r**ul~* we wliI diecu** R~ thl*
aeel:f.n9.
Enclosure*
Slnceir*Iy, A-It. IJuCh.-r**
Fu*J Cycl~ Rift~ AnRlyPl*
DlYl*Jon 54.13
ATCH. 9
I
, f*"' ST *. -*:-s
~"-'LLl::AR ;~;:.-::*.*L-:..-L1 HY rc-
*~-::.,*-*N The Honorable Michael A. Bilandic
!~ayor of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60602
Dear Mayor Bilandic:
JuL 1 'l 1978 I wish to extend an invitation to representatives of the City of Chicago to -attend two meetings, about transport of radioactive ~aterials in cities, planned for the end of July. The NRC Staff is planning an informal workshop with public participation for July 25, starting at 2:30 p.m.
Sandia Laboratories will conduct a ~eeting, open to the public, of its Ad Hoc Task Group formed to assist Sandia in preparing an environ-mental assessment on transport of radionucl ides in urban environs, on July 24-25, 1978, beginning at 9:00 a.m. each day.
Both meetings will be held in the ~ain conference room of the Ford Foundation, 320 East 43rd Street, New York, N. Y.
The Sandia meeting will primarily be devoted to discussion of technical aspects of their recently issued report ~Transport of Radionuclides in Urban Environs:
Working Draft Assessr.ent," (Enclosure A).
Chapter 6 of this report discusses "Sabotage, Security and Safeguards in Urban Transport."
The informal workshop conducted by the NRC Staff, entitled, "The Urban Transportation Study - Looking Jl.head; Status, Goals, and Approaches/' in part, is in recognition of the transition i n e~phasis from preparation of a technical assessment by Sandia Laboratori es to the formulation and pro-posa l of regulatory options by the NRC Staff.
Sandia Laboratories has been in contact with members of your staff about thei r Task Group meeting.
Members of the NRC Staff have been in touch with meMbers of your staff to provide information and to invite participa-tion in both meetings *. Both meetings have been announced in the Federal Reoister (Enclo~ure B).
By this letter, I wish to make special effort to bring these meetings to your attention and to encourage your participation, so that we have the benefit of your views on these important issues in transportation safety.
Sincerely, Lee V. Gossi ck Executive Director for Operations
Enclosures:
A.
Transport of Radi onucl ides in* Urban Environs:
Working Draft Assessment B.
43 FR 29864 ATCH. 10
INTERIM REPORT A
N 731710145 c:cassaon o.
SAND77-19_2_7 __ _
ContractProgramorProiectTitle: Generic Environmental Assessment on Transportation of Radioactive Materials Near or Through a Large Densely Populated Area Subject of this Document: Transport ~f Radi onucl ides in Urban Environs:
Type of Document:
A wo*rking Draft Assessment Preliminary Report Draft Assessment Author(s):
A.R. OuCharne, Jr. (Project Coordinator); R.E. Akins; S.L. Daniel; D.M. Ericson, Jr.; B.H. Finley, N. N. Finle_y; P.C. Kaestn~r; D.D. Sheldon; J.M. Taylor; M.S. Tierney Date of Document:. May 1978 Responsible NRC Individual and NRC Office or Division : N. Eisen berg Transportation and Product Standards Branch Office of Standards Development This document was prepared primarily for preliminary or internal use. It has not
. received full review and approval. Since there may be substantive changes. this document should not be considered final.
Sandia Laboratories Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185
. for the U.S. Department of Energy Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, O.C. 20555 under DOE Contract AT{29-1)-789 NRC FIN No. A-1077-A INTERIM REPORT Cover page of Encl. A, tl tr to Mayor Bilandic 7/17/78 (Rpt contains 718 pages rj
$1 I
(7590-01)
TIAHSPORTATION OP R.ADIONUClJDES IN URIAN ENVIRONS PultUcMNtin9 The Nuclear Re,ulatory Commission
<NRC> staff is plannina an informal
workshop on the transport of radionu-clldes in urban en\\"irons for July 25, 1978. This informal workshop sta.~ine at 2:30 p.m. Will be held 1n the main conference room of the Ford Founda-tion. 320 East 43d Street. New York.
N.Y. The title of the workshop ts "The Orban Transportation StudY-Looldng Ahead:
Status.
Goals.
and Ap-proaches."
The NRC has previously announced
<42 FR 12211> its intent to prepare a generic environmental impact state-
. ment on the transportation of ra.cilon-uclides in urban environs. This envi-ronmental impact statement an the transportation of radioactive material near, in. and through a large densely populated area is befna prepared in connection with a reevaluation of present regulations as indicated in the advance notice of rulemak.ing proceed-ings published June 2. 1975 C40 PR 23768>, and pursuant to the National Envtronmental Policy Act of 1969* C83 Stat. 852>.
The generic environmental impact statement "A'ill consider such unique facets of the urban setting as:
<1> Blah population density: Hea.vy pedes-trian traffic: c:!Jumal vartatiom tn popula*
tlon: and horizontal vertica.l c:!Jstrtbutlon.
<2> t7nique tra.nsportatlon environment:
Conver,ence of tn.nsi,ort&t1on routes:
heavy tra.mc: many users and holders of ra*
clioactive ma.terials: and di!fere:it.sale-
,uards environment.
<3> Special e!!ect.s: Ef!ecta of loc:al and mi*
erometeoroloa, and shieldinr effecta of buildinp.
Emphasis wm be placed on radioloei*
cal health effects. but all em-u-onmen-tal impacts, both ra.dioloeicaJ. and non*
radiololrical. will be assessed.
The NRC staff has selected Sandia Laboratories. Albuquerque. N *.Mex.. to perform an environmental assessment.
upon whicl;l the generic em*ironmental impact statement Will be largely based.
To help in its environmental analysis.
Sandia Laboratories ha.s formed an ad hoc-task group CAHTG > to proVide a forum :tor the exchange of ideas and information between experts. The broadly based membership of the ABTG includes persons a.ssocia.ted with 1overnment (local. State, a.nd Federal). Industry, academia., and envi-ronmental actiVtst groups. Meetings of the AHTG are open to the public.
Dates and locations of
prevtous AHTO meetina are: Sept. 20, 1976-New York.
N.Y.; Nov. 18-l'T. 1978-Arllna'tOn. Va.: Mar.
29-30, 19T'f-B&ltimore..Md.; and July 13-14.
1977-B:ousioa. Tex.
Minutes of *these meetings are placed in the OSNRC Public Docu-ment Room. 1'117 H Street NW.*
Washington, D.C.. as they become available.
Sandia* Laboratories is planning a fifth and final meet~. of the AHTG for July 24-25, 19'78, berinning at 9 a.m.. In the main conference roam of the Ford Foundation. 320 East 43d Street. New York. N.Y. The prtma.ry purpo..~ of the !Uth meeting at the ARTG Is to discuss the prellminL7 report. "'Transport of Radionuclldes in Urba.n Environs: Working Dra.!t As-sessment." given to NRC by Sandia Laboratories late in May 1978. This prellm!nary report discusses the as-sessment methodology and presents FlDElAL REGISTER, VOL 43, NO~ 133-TUESl>AY, JULY 11, 1971 ENCLOSURE B
{ltr tp Mayor Bilandic 7/17/78)
. estimates of envtronmental lmi:,acts
tor an urban area resulting from acci-dent-free transport. vehicular* acci-dents. human error, and sabot:i.~e incl*
d~nts. Although it i.s a preliminary re:>ort copies of the repo~ are availa-ble to members o! the public on re-quest tram: *
1. C'.S. Nuclear Reirul:ltorr ** Cor:mission.
Office of Standards Develoi:rment. Tnns-z;iortaf.ion and Product Stand:u-ds Br:inch, 5650 Nicholson Lane. Roc:it,"ille. Md. 20853.
. Attn.: Norm:i.n A. Eisenberz. teleptione 301-443-6910.
2. Santti& L:iboratories. Fuel C:;cle Risk Analj,"Si3. DlvtsiOll 3413. Albuquerque. *N.
Mex. 87115. Attn.; Arthur R. OUCharme.
tele:,hoae 505-26~571.
3. 'O.S. Em,irOnmental Proteetioa AreDC'7, Region II; Regional omce of Radiation Pro-
,nnu;. Attn.: P3.ul Giardina. Chief. Room 907J'. 26 Federal Plaza. New Yorlc. N.Y.
l0OO'f.
Copies of the working draft assess-ment are also availacle for public in*
si:ection at:
1. The NRC Public Docui:nent Room. 1717 B Street NW.* Waahi?liton. D.C. 20555.
?. The ?ll"RC'! five Retriorw O!!ices of In*
~tion and Enforcement: Reiion I: 531 P:irk Avenue. Kicz of Prussia. Ps. 19408:
Rei'ion II; Sui~ 1217, 230 Pe~tree Street.
Atlanta. Ga. 30303: Rer.on ~
'i99 Roc!e*
\\'elt R:)ad, Glen EU:m. Ill. aot37: Region IV:
Swte 1000. 611 ~-an ?laza On*1e. Ar!inrton.
Tex. 7601:: :ind Reir:on V: Suite 2oz. 1999 North Ca.i!!omia Boulevard. Walnut Creek.
Cali!. 9-45ga. *
3. The four major r~erence collections of the.NE-W Ycrlt City Public Librar.,.
After cor.sicieration ot comments re-cet,*ed at the !i!th AHTO meeting, Sandia. Laboratories v.ill prepare and submit to :NR.C a. draft assessment in September 1978. The-NRC staff plans to issue a dra.ft en~mnental state-ment <DES> late in 1978 bued IargelJ' u;:on the Sa.ndi:7. Laborataries dra.ft as-sessment.
Upon preparation of the DES. the
.NRC 'X1ll. among other thinis. cawe to t:e published in the F!:?>DAL R!:GU*
TC a swnmary notice of altaila.bility of the draft generic
environmental imgact statement. With a. request for comz::.encs from interested persons on the draft statement. The sum.mar.,
notice Will also conta.b a statement to the efiect that coma:ents on Federal 111encies and Sta:e and lOC!ll officials will be made availaole when received.
Upon consideration of comments sub-mit:ed v.*itll respect to the draft envt*
ronmental sta.teme:it. i:he NRC sta!f will ~repare a final ieneric mv1ron.:
men:al impact statement. the avail-a.billt:; of which will be ~ubllshed In the FEDa.u. RF.GlSTZR.
The !.'l.!ormal workshop conducted by the NP.C stat!. planned tor JUU' 25.
in Put. is in recomition of the tr.ms1*
tion in emphasis from prei:,arat!on of a technical assessment by Smdia. La.bo-
?'3tcr:es to the formulation and pro-posal of regulatory options by the NRC staff. A transcript of the pro-ceedings wUl be prepared and made a\\"ailable in the NRC public document room. Among the topics that may be di.5cussed at this iniormal work.shop are:
Cl> CUrrent status: c~, NRC st3!f :,!ans for the draft envtronmental sta.teme~t: ac!e--
quacy of the S.:ind!a Labor:itories 3.S!ess-mec.t: <c:> current resuiauom: and <d> relat.-
ed ev!nts and actMtles.
<2> Goa.ls: Ca> Surgested :,ubUc: heslth and safety iioaLs: Cb> suggested regul:itory ac-tions; and <cJ suuested tmprovementa in the en\\1ronment:IJ. assessment.
<3> Api:rroa.cnes: ca, Di.st.."'ibtltion of retUla-tory res;,oa.s~bllitY among the rnr!ous Feder-al a.aencies <e.1.. :."RC. DOT. EPA>: di>
tril:lution ot ~
ory responsibWtY an:ons the vanous Fede:a.l. State. and local 10vern-ments: <c> potential le:n.;latlnt c:t-.aniies; and
<d> the role of public meettnp.
ln keeping with the prevtous efforts thrOUihoui this study to obtain early public tn;::,ut. interested persons are encouraged to attend both the ?."RC and Sandia public m~tings. Interested i:,erson.s are invtted to attend the meet-
~ to ask--questions qr ~e com-ments and suggestions ~a,;the regula-tory activities associated ";titb the envt*
ronmental tcpact statement and the P!"t1minary S~dia report. Written com?:1ents may be submitted at the meetillg or a.t :my time to the Secre-tary of the Commission. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory COlll!llission. Washington.
D.C. 20555, Attention: Docketing and Service Sec+..icn. Further-in!orma.tion on these meetings. the worltin~ draft a.sse..csment. or the study in ~eneral may be-cilrected. as appropriate. to in*
di\\iduals at the m?C or Sancila Labo-. -
ra.tories as listed above.
<S p.s.c. ~2<a>.>
Dated at Rockville. Md.. this 5th da.7
o! July 1978.
For the Nuclear Rezulatory Com~
mission.
ROBDtT B. ~!mOGVE.
, Director, 0/ftce of St<.nda.rc!J Dtteloi,ment.
tFR Doc. 78-18988 Filed 7-10-78; 8:45 aml FIDEUI. REGlffll. VOL 43, NO. 133-TUESD,U', JUI.T 1', 1971
proposed rules*
r--;i* secl'iofl of lt!a Jl!OJR.AL R!GISTR c:cntains,,oricn IQ rti. i,vbllc of !!le p,opoHCi ;sS11a11a of "'let GIid ~ona. T1te pu~ of '1'1ese notic:.s is l'O I p intet9sted ?ffSOIIS Qft appo,'Vffify IQ pcrric:pare in th* ruJ. moilift9 prior io th* aciopllcn of.+ie Rnci "'let.
[759<>-41]
NUCl.!.AR !l!GUUTO~Y CCMMISSJON
[10 CR Puts 70, 73}
PHYSICAL,-QT'!C:0N Oil ltt.ANTS..U.D MAmtALS
~poffti luiemalci"9 AGENCY: tr.S. Nuclear ReiUlatory Commission.
.-\\C'I'ION: Rev1sed proposed rule.
~Y: In J'uly 1917 the Coe.mis*
sion published !or :publlc: COm?l:lent proposed amendments to Lb rei'Ula.-
tions !or sttenithened :,hycial protec*
tion !or scn.testc ~ec!al nuclear rnate-ri&l and for certain tu.el cycle !acilitles.
associated tra.r..s;,ort:atfon and other activities involvtq sijlill!ca.nt qua.nti*
ties ot st.,teiic spec!:il nuclear mater!*
al. Extensive cocment.s ;;ere recei*1ed and cor.sidered. The Commission !.s now publlshinc revt.sed pro~ed amend:nent.s !or pubilc cem::ie.ct on those cha..."l~ that have been made.
L"l particular the Commission re<:uesr.s.
CQmment.s on the changes made.
OAT""'.i:.S: Comme?:ts must be received on or be!ore September 25. lS'i'3.
.IDDRESSES: Comments or SUSS\\'!S-t1ons for consideration In connection With the proposed amendments should be sent ~ the Secretary of the Com*
nission.
U.S.
!'fuel.ear ReiU}&tOZ7 Cammisaion. Wa.shmaton. D.C. 20SS5.
Ae+~ntion:
Dociteti.--ig and Semce 3ranch. Copies of comments received
ay Qe examu:ed at the Commissioa's Public Docunm:it Room at l 7l 7 R.
Sceet NW.* Wasb.i:r.on. D.C.
FOR
'TJRTS:::P.
rnFCP..M.-\\TION CONTACT:
Mr. L. J. Evans. Jr.. Chief. Require-cents.-\\.c~is Branch. Division of
. Sa.teguarcu. Office-of Nuclear Mate-r.al Sa!ety acd Safeguards. u.s: NU*
clear Reg,i!atory Commission. wa.,1i.
.tncton. D.C. 20555, 301-427-4043 or Mr. R.. J. Jones. Chief, Material Pro-tection S~dards Br"..nch. OC!ee o!
Sta.ndards Develo£lCent. U.S. Nucle-ar Rel1,llator., Commission.. Wash;
~on. D.C. 20553. 30l-443-5907.
SUPP~ARY !NFOR.."w!ATION:
On July 3. 19'77, the Nuclear Rei'Ula.-
tor., Com.mission,ubllshed :.n the ~
!:2tAL REaun:a C-l2 :'R 34310> proposed
a.mendments to lO CPR Part 73 of its regulations. Interested persoI:.:5 were invited to submit written comments and sunestiom In connection with the proposed amendments within 45 da.73 after publlca.tion !n the FE.:IDAI. R:za-ts'l'D. The comment period ;;-as subse-
~ently extended thirt7 da..,""!. O'pon coIUidenuon ot the comments re-ceived on the proposed acendments published on July S. 1977 and upon comidera$n of other factors in*1olved the Nuclear Re,ulatory Com:n.Lsston has decided to publlsh nvi~d pro-posed amendments to obtain further public comment en the changes chat have been made tc the proposed amendmenta.
SillI]ificar11: cil.Uennces from the :,ro-posed amendments I)Ubl!.ihed tor com*
ment on July 3, 1971 :1."e! Cl> T.::e cietl-nition of the COQS1:irac7 t.h:eat has been chanied to a. ccmpir.M:y ~etw~
individuals in any ;,osition who ma:,
have access to and detailed ar.ow!ed;e ot the !a.cU!ties :u:.d a.ctivic!es referred to 11:l J 'T3.!?0<a.> or items t.b.a.t could fa.
cilitata tlle!t of special nuclei: materi*
&l or 'both: C!?) ex~ort/!mport requi.~
ments have been revised to refl:ct the Jur..sdictione.l aspee1'.s of the reguta.
tion; C3) the ;,hra.se... *
out: not ne1>
e:ssartly limited to * * *** h3.S 'been d~
leted !rom the ieneral ;ierformar.ce requirements and capability :-equire,.
ment.,; C4) the ~ac~e search require-ments have been cha.nsed so that packaps c3.r:'ied into a ;,rocected ::i.:ea.
by per,ons having acxess aut!l.ori.za.tion
ieed onlj be searched at random
-;vhen tl:a.t :::erson i3 searched. 'The
a.ckaie.. ea..-ch r!quirement wo !:J.a.s been ch.anaed to reqwn onl,v r:utdom ses.-ch of pack.aies delivered Into a.
,rot-eeted :irea; <5) tl:le CQCt~ency a.rid resi,on.H :::lan requireme!lt.11 for lJ;1 tnmit ;:rotecuon have been rer.sed to add more detailed r~ require-ments comistent With the fixed sita requirements: C8l the requirement for thr~ ar:ned esco~..s on ca.-io a.i..-c:a.ft a..--id tor sea shi;iment.1 has beea chanied to :wo, <'1> the, ~uirements tor ?u and 0'-233 concai::ers resistant to small arms fire ha.s been deleted; -
the e~rt/Lmpert secu.rtt7 p1an ape proval re<;Uiremmt ha.s l::een changed to apply to &ll shipment.1 and has teen cladiied as to t1:ninr. <9) the require-ment !or ala.rm stations to !le consid*
ered vi.bl "3.."ea.s has l::een changed: <lO>
the 1;se of -;a.Ult :r.,e rooms for stora1e of strategic special nuclev ma,;erial d!*
rectly usable in a :iuclea.r er.,losive devic:1! !:las been ;>rol.libited :s.nd the de!init!on o! vault :!lanied :o better*
reCeet the ;)Ur;:ose o! *,ault3; cu, the word immedla.tely h.u been deleted trom the re<:u!rement t.'ut a.r::ied re-
.spoc.se personnel be im:nedlataly ar.-a.il*
able: c l~l aef!Ilitiom have been added for d~ic. ste&lth. 3.D.d !orce and other changes in word.mi and lanauar- -:vere ma.de tll..""O~out thtt :ule to cla.ri.fy the intent ~d 'be me:~ s;:ecitic ln t.':.e mea.."linJ o! the requirements: Cl3) oc-solete sections to be deleted when the ef!ec"'..lve rule l.s pu'blished ha.ve been noted: and < Hl plan:lins -:md !mple--
mentation times have been changed.
Toe !ollowtng cisctlssion pertabs to items (1) through <14> a!l'.lve.
(1) Ccmmenters stated that Tithottt soi:::ie limit i::o the number o! conspin.-
~~or:s it,;;oould ce iI:tpossible to de5ii?l a.~~
protection systam apimt an I.Ulli.mit-ed nwr.ber ot employees. Com::ienters also stated that soce credit should be given cl~a.red e!l.'1;,loyees.
.ne sate~ !ccus should ~e on neut..--:u.tzici a.d..-ersa.."7 o.pa.cillt!es. no; on the number of a.ch-ersa.ries. A core reali.st!c: and e!!'eeti-.*e a~proacl:1 tc the internal threat is to apE:Jl:Y 3, syste.c::.s ca;,a.billt:, oeasure. In t.~ reeard. the amend.-nenca have ten revised t.'.I a.dd more det3.il to the re!eren~ systems in
§§ 73.!?8 and 73.~8 to assist the licensee in bounding t!le tl:lre&t.
.-Uthou~.h the Ccmc:ussion reca~*
nizas that 1nd1Vidu.a.l material a.c-::es.s a.uthorizat!on would ;ive an added measure o! a.ssura.::ce ~t a. con-r.,iracy, it ~lleves t."lat r,.vtng,.~olute
~t for s-.ich ac~ a.uthor.za.::ions to defeat 3.Il 1n:e~ t!l:eai: to cUv-ert or steal st:"3.ter.c s;:eci31 :iuclear r::ate-
~~"..al !.s Ulll!3.1ona.ble and ::i.ot suppor:ea.~~
'oy histuric~ evtce.cce. Rather. 1~ ca.
ae*:es that. In :Miditioa ro indindual
~~iat.?rs..al a.cc~ a.uthor.zatioc.!. & :n...1-de:ct sa.tesu:i.ra 3Y3te::i. should include other oea.su..~ design~ to PMC!Ct qail:3t cc~-,,i~7.~~
<2> !I:ter.1ati0nal Transport P:'::ltee*
tion.-Com::ie:icers stated thst ;,rctec*
tion of e:tport and !z::i;l()rt shipz::t.l!!lt.3 outside. the United Scates shou.!.d be ar.a.n1ed th.""Ougn intarnatior.3.l.i~-
ne:its rather t..'Un unila~ni re~*
tions. Commenters ~uesctor.ed she :i.u-thorit7 ot the :-rac to regulate actirt*
~~ies outside the tl'..S. acd the ability o!~~
llce:sees or their trar.s;ort agen:s ta a.ssure complla.nce ~th such r~l\\ll:l.*
t!on.s.
The,r.::::1.17 :s!'.le :i;:;:!a."'3 r.o ~e
-:;ohet.her ~c can re<;uin armed i1.:ard.s to accompa:iy a."l i::::i~or.: shlp.
ment freo. ib la.st foreir.i te~.
rn>EUL HGlffll. VOL 43. HO. l~WiDHIStl.\\ Y, ~UGUST 9, 1979 "ENCLOSURE 2
35322 PROPOSED RULES and a.ccoc;:iany and ex;,ort shllJment ment.s require.:,acka.aes ea.'Tied mto a.
to It.a first foreian termin&l. Under the
pro~ al"H by :penom havtns Atomic Enerzy Act o! 1954. u a.::iend-access a11:th0r!z:at!O?::S to be :searched ed. NRC ha.s responstl)Uity for tmar-on!T when tha.t person is *selected for ins the Aferua.rdlng of specw nucle&r random.sean:h.
~~materia.l. The acts of.L:nportation or~~
<~> St&!! noted that the respoose re--
er.>Orta,tion com.me~ or end. respec-qutremema tor 1n :z-&n.liit p~on tively, within the reornpnical limit&
were not consistent With those tor o! the tJ'nitec!. States and Phnical pro-fixed sites because the details o! IU,al"d tection ~cent&. !ncludinir a.mied and arced r!S;IOn.se :,ersom:el re-r.ia.rda. mar clearly be mandated a: * ~
wu not -stated. T?le rule ha those 1'0ints. In addition. if it Is res-cee:i revised to.add sach det&lled re-son&bly neees.sa..ry ~o protect the mate-QUirements consistent wtth those !or rial while t.-a.mit!nr any pa.rt of the fixed ~tes.
tJ'nited States. a.pproi,r.ate conditions cs, Aircralt and Se-a Shii,ment may be -p!aeed u;,on :!:e-shi;)ment. In A.-.-:ned Escoru.-Co:unenters ldentJ-pn.c:ice, 1! this ~Ui."'eS armed.uucs fied Rftn.l potential problem, with to eeme aboard the s!:!~ or a.irc:'aft at armed escort& on ~t:
a foretcn port. or to aceompa.ny &?l
&. May not be permitted by air.:raft ex;,ort shipment to a forei&n ;,ort, it 1s pilot or alrHne:
reasom.ble to require them aa & eondi-
~~b. May not be e!lotJsb ~tins capac.~~
tion of ex;,or:!nir or importin;- formula itr on a.rgo plan so e;cort eould ~t quantities.
"'bamped*;
Incen:a.tior.zl ar.eei~ts concermni
~~c. Could ca.u.se ;>roble?J:!.S by ~~~
the protection of tntenu.tion&l shi;,-
armed eac:on.s i.t rorei111 al.rpor+.a.
men~ is an um wllich the ~"RC su;,-
These ~s have been disCU-,Hd ports. Eoweve-r. until such a~ent with se'\\'eral air1Jnes end With State is ?Hehed. the ?.~C ha.s little choice Oe::a,rtment pe:-sonnel. The solution but to continue its :,resent poliey -of to the problems ts ad-ranee pl&mling.
usu.."'in~ the protection or export and Airlines have stated that iiVe:%1 ad*
t::i::-ort shi;nnent3 ~h reqaire-
\\-a:1ce nod.~ U?d usura.nce o! ~ed ments l.:nposed u;,on U.S. !!ce?JSees.
~~,ersannel they ~~~
no :irobl~ Prior The er,:,ort and im::,ort !!eem'.:11' ;,roe-ar.angemeats with the aircra!t pilot
~ Involves not only the ll~ and
~
am ascertain net."ler his ;,ermis-NRC. bt:t also the e.~~.ltive branch sion will be ;r.uit~ Ex.>ort/1.mport and various fMeiz:l m.tions a:ld for*
shipping arnaigementa also shocld de-eig:i agencies. !?or each shipment. de,. ~
the ~mena that should tails of prouction are consider-ed
~ made &!1d notUleatio:cs !or armed ctmi.~ t!le licensing process. includiJ:ll' escon.s
~~to accompany shipments.~~
~~the uet~~~
~~of bow t~ proteeti:,n re.~~
Cbecb with airlines showed thu quiremetts wru be carried oat. M&t-three escorts could be accommodated ters which. Involve the coo~rstlon of on their c:ar:o pla.ies. Nc,te, however, foreiin 1T&tior.s a..--e car-.!ully ~ked that the rule has been cha!lred to re-out in ach-ance so a.s to assure that the-
~ulre only two escQr-"..s 'because It 2.1r
~ments ul:imately i:npased tt;X>n pean; t!J&t th.?ff armed escorts on a U.S. Uceestt can credibly be ca.med euio atrc'sft are not ~ded. This oat by him. Th~ l'Ule has been re'\\1sed chance al,o has been ma.de for sea to reflect the Ju.-:sdictional aspect of shipments.
the rel'Ula,tioc.
<1> -Co?mnems mdlca.ted that tt was ell Commenters noted that t:ie lmppn,priate to 5PffltY container ph.,se "* *
~~l:>Ut not neeessa."'ily llizl.~~
cha..-a.cte?istics In this rule. The ?i'"RC 1ted to * * * ** in the i~neral Pff{orm*
specifies comatner approved criteri& in a:2Ce ~encs and the ca.pa.bilit7 pa.rt Tl.. The* rule haa been chanted to require:nents co~ld lead to unlimited delete the requirement.a !or contain~
ratehet'.ns Without benefit ot r.llem&k*
r-esist&nt to small arms tire. Any re-m1.
quirements !or Pu and U-233 contain-The capability and pertonm.nce re-ers will be1ncluded 1n pa.rt 71.
qutrements are broadly stated to
<-8> COm:nents questioned the n~
s:;ernut nex.oilltY i!l t!le desta:n oC U-tor a;,proval of s;,ec'.fic aport/lmPo~
eemee sYStems. They a.-e so stated.so plax:s If an oversll plan h3.d bee:i ap.
as to -encom:,ass all that ts needed In a.
pro9ed. Comments also questioned sa!esuards security,ystem so that whether the seven d&y notice period of such an ope::ended phrase ia not
§':'3.72 wu sufficient !or the specmc needed. T?le re'riSed amendments ?lave shipme:it ~ty av.rn>nl.
bee: ~ed to delete the phrue Each shipment Has same m:iique wn~ it appeared 1n the perform-d::a:racteriStics that norm.ally canr.ot anc:e and capability requirement.,.
be COV'e!'ed m a seneral ~
plan.
C*U Com:nente?'S noted that it did not This-calls for approvals !or each ship.
seem appropriate to sea.-ch persons ment or detailed security plans that havtns ace~ authorizations on a.
cover such clla:racterist!cs !or routine random basis but to searc:1 any ;>&ck*
saipmenta. This ls true for both do-aces the,- zr..ight be earn'ir.l' on & l 00 mestic and er.,ort/lmpon shipments.
percent basis. Toe revised &.e:letid-The _pl.am tor any snipment must ~
approved prtor to the seve:1 day shi;,-
P~ notice. Des>endine on the details.
lt mu take lonaer th.an seven days to appzo,e.. shipment wa:tt.Y,;.)tan. The rule.bas beec c:baneed :o apply to both domeslic and to export/import srupmem.s and to dartfy the rela;ion-ship o! the approval to the seven day notice.
<9> eomments questioned the neec for the sec:ondvy alarm ~
to be
!:i the proc.ected &."ea and for the
&la.r:n sta.ciom ~ be vttal areas thus requirlnc Ulem to be in a protected
&re&.
The iment ot the requi:'eme:c.t is to have the &larm. stations to be har-dened. access c:mtralled areas. The secondary sta.tion does not have-to be within the Protected a.res out s.'lould
~~be "on-site," Le..,;nthin me eonfines o! the owner--c,ntrolled lll'e&. The r..ue has bttn c!::..a.npd acco~.~~
~~UO> Sta.:: comments alld ~m~~
~~en.lm.tron. ex;,erti?n~ 1:33 s!l~ tha.:~~
sto1'3ie 1:1,-..ult type JP~ of strate-ilc s;,eci&l nucl.e&r matenz.l that is di-rectly cseable tn a. nueleai' explosive cievtce may r.ot provide a.::cepta.ble penet.---a.tion resi.stanee or del&s' time in tne con~ of tll.e stated tt.re3.t. The revued JLmendmenta ha.ve been ehanrecl to require the ston1,re o! such mate.-W only.in v.aulu. The de!"mition o! n.ul!.1 ;2resent17 :n § 13.:cru also has been ~ed to bet:er ~
the pur-pose a!..-a.ults.
Cll) Gwi.rd.L azi.d Armed P.es;>ome
_Per:iomiel Other Duties and !I::u:ledi-ate R.espome.-C~ters ques-tioned whether pards md ar:Md N-s;,onse persoa.nel eoald have other dtr.ies or if they ha.i to be cie<ilca.ted to response.- The question ;as :'3.iRd as to That,ru mea:t by "immed!&:ely ava.ilable."
Guards and ar.:::ied res;,ome r;>e."'SO:l*
nel can have Othe?' dl.!tie:s so lo~ as SD.Cb dtrties do :iot_inte:'!en With their
~~res;,ome to a sa.teiua.rcs eonti.n~ncy.~~
Normally h l:s expected that the re.
spon:se
force would be :::iace up of l'\\1&lds wl:lo oa.ve routine duties o::..'ler t..'lan res::::on.se, other members of the llcemee's o:-p.nizatiOll who are qua.ll-fled a.cd trained l:1 a=oraa.nce ;;mi ap;,endls B. a.nd iua,r:!s from the ll*
~~ce?::See's O?'P,n.lzat!on~~
~~who ??13.r be lo-cated &t a !adlltr tb.a.t is ad;~ent to the protected a.-ea. Guards tr.3..'lning the alarm station.s cave eontinui.~g du.ties in ca.se o! an a.sa.ult and a:e 1:ot.~~
comid..-r-ed to be ;:,art o! the ~o:ise rorce. The determma:.!on ot '"t?::u:iedl-atel:, 2.n.ila.!:,le** W1ll de:,end on how the llcensee res;x>.ise ~lan t.s sn-uc-tured and the duties :uid r~nsibil-ices of the r,es;,o:c.se ;:>ersol:!lel. The word tmmedi&telY has bee%l deleted as be.inc wm~y.
n:n Quest1or.s were r:iised a.boat the meanina of a number of ter::s !.l:l t!le
!IE)flAI. lt!GISTH. '70L. 43, NO. 15,,L-wt~AY, AUGUST f, l771
~~propl'.ised rule. Response to these ques-tions i.s made 1n several ways:~~
~~a. Cefinitiona are added !or ""!!eceit.~~
~~stealth a.I.d force:~~
~~b. Changes 1n WOrdinl and lansua,p are made to make the :neanin8 clear without special de!initioa: <in pa..-:'tic-.1-la.r extemive chan1es were made co~~
~~§ 73.25 to more clearly def!ne t:e re-quired transportation protection capa-bili~>:~~
~~c. Guidance a.s to the lnte:it ot a te:rm is provided by means o! a. rer.lla-~~
~~tory IUide or Nti'REO document. e~...~~
duress alarms are the sul:l.!ect oL a*
!orthco~ ~a report: or
~~d. No chanae is made because the wordinS appeared to be.st:!!~entl.Y clear.~~
<13> Then W:IS considerable contu-sion with rep.rd to the pre3ent sec*
tions 1n part '73 and what would happen to them. The statement o!
-c:omidentions !or t!le proposed rule indlcated that thel' would be deleted but the amendments them.selves did not. The revised amecdments have been c~ed to state which sectton.s would be deleted snd when. !t is noted that f '73.SO Ls not ~
deleted at this
~~time but beins revised to apply o~ ca spent fuel sto~e other than at a power reactor.~~
Cl4) Comments stated that there was insufficient t!me to proper~ plan a re-vised.securtt:7,rog:ram and to lmple-ment it. The Cocmission a.srees that adequate time must be allowed for proper pl~I' and implementation to as.,u.-..e e!!ective ;prognms. The r-..:le
~~ias ~~~
ch3n1ed to a.llow more time
!or both plamunc and im~~menta.*
t!on. Allowance al.so h2.s been z=a.de to~
installation and construction that m:a.sr require lo~er than the spedfied times ln specUic (:3.Ses.
In addition to th~ comments that re-sulted 1n chanaes In the ~roposed a.m.er:.c:ments a number o! other mues were r&i.sed wh!c:!l resulted in no ehanses to the :;,roPQSed amendments cut which w:i.r.,,nt cl.!.sc-"..ssion and ex-plmation.
Cll E=ternal tJ&rmt a.nd genercl ;er,.
/ormance
~q,.ri1'ffflfflU.
Comm.en~
we.~ di.--ec+..ed at seve.."'al a.s;,eet& ol the thre:1t and its a.ppllc:at!on a.s a reneral performance requ!r-..ment. The eom-ments can be c:a~rized 1ene."alb' as
!ollon: <ciJ Level ot ~t; dei!ni-tiou of t.'lreat; cc> appll~tion o! iener*
al perlorman~ re<;Uirement.
<a> Comments wen :a.a.de that the threat was not su;2;:or.ed by evtdence; Some commenter.s !elt uie t!l..""eat -:vas not
~~coD5e."Vative enou~ while others~~
!elt it wa.s overcomerra.ti7e.
The Commiss1on directed that a. re-evaluation of the t..~t st-..idies be conducted by the stat!. The r~ults of this reevalua.Qon do not impact the level ot threat to be considered in safe-guards system desii!L
Commenters.st&ted that with.out bounds the threat could not be µsed e!!ectively as a. rreneral.;,ertor:::iance requirement: since licensees ~euld not mow the bounds to ;:lace on their ptiysic:u protection systems. Cot!l.*
menters na.ted that ~ licensee could not :mow whether his ;,llysical protae-tion syStem met the requirement.s be.
c:i.use no-bounds were itven !or the threat and reneral perlormance re-quirements.
The _;,urpose of the threat de!ined !n the p.-oi:,osed amendmencs 13 to de!Ine the 1eneral chara.cter o! the domestic sateiruarda ehailea1e.. It is intended to provtde a desiin ~
tor pm-stc:JJ. ;,ro-eectioa s-~tem.,: thue!on, adciltional adversazy a.ttribu~s are not aecesaey to serve this pur;iose. Physical protec-tion sntams. when desianed
~~to the level specUfed tn the reneral perlorm-ancfl sect:ions of the rule and in accord-.~~
ance with the reference system speet.
!!ed in the rule and other destr.i auid-ances to 0e ~rortded. alons wtth the final rule. w1ll b4t ~rwve to a 1en-eral range of threats c~
by that stated in the regulations.
With re,pect to specific numbers at adversaries. the numbers are not a.s sign.Weant a.s a.re the ca.pabillties a."?d resources of the adve?U1"7. ?or e:tam*
ple. the threat !rom a. d1sorp.nf:zed mob o! so or so people is much di.!!er; eat trom that of only a. few well orga..
n12:ed. ;.-ell tr:JJ.ned people.
Given that the de:sc:ribed threat !s a.
desil?l 'c3.!i3 !or a. ib.3'SiC:U :,rotect!on system, additional cesi~ ~terla a.re 11*;en Ill the form of required SyStem capabilities. These capabilities are fur-ther supp<jrted by the suc.systemS and eomponent.s of the reference systems in the resula.tiom c!es!ined to meet the reneral ;eriorn:.ance requirements and required ca:,abilities..Additional iUidac.c:e to a.ssist the licensee in the design of bis sa!eguard.s sys:em. ls in preparation and Will be proml!lpted 1n regttla.corr iuides and NUREG re-ports. Th!s tr.,e ot ru,ida.nce Will pro-vide the lolic to relate the subsrstems and components of ;,h7Sic:al :m1cection
~em.s :o the required ca;:a2:lilities and the 1enenJ :;:er!on::ance reqtl!n-ments. T-...is loiic -:.ill provide desiiJl cr.ter.a that ~
be. used by the ll-c:e:see and show how the ienel'31 per*
!ormanc:e rec;uireme:its and Si'Ste!:l ca-
~~.>&billt!es o:a1 be used in the des!an o!~~
~~a. specific physieal pr.,t:ection system.~~
Cr.ut copies o! this idea.nee -:vill ce ctrculated for comment. Further. li-censees will obtain r.lidanc-e thro~h the l.s.manc:e cf llceme revtew enter.a
!or use in physical protection system de!iOl and In the-license review ;,re.:.
ess.. Appropriate ~!erences to ap;:llc:a-ble resuiatorr guides. NUREO dOCU*
mena and other :::ubllcatioc.s respon*
sive to speeit!.ed. resula<<iry ~uir~
mencs w1ll be provided in bocb. the ce:slin IUidance documents ar.d the evaluation crite.91a docu::nehts. En-forcement of the rer.J.lation ':V'1ll be based on the speci!!c ap;:,ro\\"ed licei::.see
~~Ian.~~
<c> Commenters stated that the threat or iene!"3l ~erfor::,.a.nce require-ment should 'oe a.pplled !n re!at!on to the.-coa.sequences of a su~-ful ad*
versan action u well a., i:1 relat!on to the u.se!ulr!ess o! the cater'-3.l !or oa-levolezu uses.
Oue to the disaste:rous consequences of the 3UC:Cesatul. detonation o! a c!a:l-destine weapon eome.-ra.ti-;e policy dictates the need to co4l,Sider 3a!e-
~ds s,stems e:tclu.si,;e of other ccn-sider:1.tiom such as the !orm of ~he strat~ s;,edal -nuc:lea.r-macer.al a.nd the probability of an aa,-ersa.7 ccn-struetmr 3, nuclear f!sslon devtc~. Nev-er:heles.s 1n one in.stance the rule has teen strengthened oy requir'~ mate-rial direct!,' use3.ble in a. nuclear fis.
sion devtce to be stored only in a. vault.
< 2> U$* o/ cucd.Z11 /are& Coc:nents indic:s.tec!. that requlrtag- ::,r:fnte i'.lUCS to !nterpoae themselves and to use de:Mily !orce could be-in conflict.nth Stat* ~d local la.on :md V."'3.S :eyond That should be er.iec--..ed o! ;rivate ln*
d~. It was suizested ~t 1~a-'
tlon be cota!ned to per.nit :;,rote~..ion c! stn.tegic special n~!ear :::tater.al ey use of deadly force and that seiz'..i:e or diversion of stra.tegic special ::iucleu mate?ial be ::iade a Federal of!ense wit!l severe criminal pe.nal:ies i.e.*
~~osed.~~
'I'he Commission hu carefully con-sidered the '.!:le o! deaclly !orc:e !n the overall sys-tee of ::,rotec:tion ot !or:::i.u-1& qu:u:tit1~ of ;tntegic special nucl~
ar :na.cerial. A prel!:nin3.r,- obserra.t!oo is that umed private !Jldustr:3.l 6'.la.rc.s a..""e, in face. common;:lace. T!.e7 are
!ound in a.l.rporta. ba.ak:i. Wit!l :m:1ored trucks tram;:o~ c-..:.r:-eney. in t!:.e employ of rail!'oacs, a.cd !:equently in
!arge.shos:Pms centers. Thcs. the ~
qu.trement !or armed i'J.ar'..JJ to ;rotec:
propert7 Ls no~ a de;i:sr.ure !:om an accepted indust:""~ ;,raa:!.:e.
Section 73.~S<bJ< *U of the ;:-o;:osad amendments state.s certa.1:1 c:l.!1c r...les on how a.rnied i'J,Ud.s are :o.t\\i:ction.
The r-.ile as stated in 2 73.~<h.l 1s noc-new, it mereI.y repea.t.s vet'l:a:ic ;res-ct!y e!tecti\\"e 10 CFR 73.5u<z:<2J. A recent amendment to th.!.3 ~c:i.r-a;,h fur.her c!:l..*ified er,.,<<ted i"..13:d re.
~oc.:.e. !54'8 ~2 ::i"R 64103.l In view, however. o! :he com:::.e:lts received. some c:oc.siderations =~7 be re::,eated ac.d res~ted for clari!icatto::.
?!:st: An author.zed ~cf. a.l a. ;:erson tuw11 1nc a leplly recogni:ed z-ole in
roteeto~ ;;,ropeny,

.s ~ene~7 ~der no due:; to retreat from 3 ~1:lreat :a his lile in ~he ::,e?'!or:nan~ of l".is Job. I.'l oa.ny States Chere i3 simply ::io ducy :o ret:-~3.t < e.~ ** Peo-;,le v. EJtrc.d.a. 2!.l ?.
57 <C~. 1923); Pe. e_ v. Stcu, 300 P.
nDD.AJ. l!Glffll. 'IOL "3, MO. T!-1-'HIDNI.Si:>AY, AUGlJST 9, 1971
35324 PROPOSED RUL!S
<l25 <Okla. 1931)). !n other St&tes a Lie~ who believe any part of
~~,enon n~ cot retrett in bis place o!~~
the IUa.rd response rule to be de=cn*
bu.sinas <e.s.. Stc.u \\", Fl!ltotic. 110
~-rably illepl under the law of their Conr.. 303, Hi.4.. 801 (19!9)). It is slso respeetive j:lmdietiQm may- -always re-accepted common la.w tha.t a person quest an exemption. Rowe\\"et', iT,1&rd la.wtully L"'r-..st!:lz ~
~~.ot retret.t in~~
~~res;:onse is Viewed as an t:n::>ortant ele-~~
!ac:e cf res:sa::::e <see e.._ P-.:n!~n '.:
r:ie:it o! the phrsic:al protection hr.1t:"V!t1c:ni::
Stc.!uta.
.~Qt&ted.
system a.nd any rela.xa:ion of the rule section l8-505(b><::l(i!>(Bl). A r.ia.."'Cfs in this ?ei:3.rd would require a CO!:l-job includes the tnvestip.tion of l!:tru-r:::enst:..,ce stte-nrthenins of oth,er siom or una.u.nor.zed en~ to protac".-
system components.
ed areaa. I! ci.."'Cumstances warn:t.
The Commisatoa does not telleve
~
the i'Uarci m&3' u:-est. for an ler.slation ts required in the :n&:ter o!
of!eme c:aci=itted m to.is ;:reRnce the use of deadly force nor is l~lilla*
Csueh of?emes ?:13.3' rar..r- !:.-om tres-tion required to impose ;>e!!A!ties !or pa.ss-under loea.l law to a felony under theft or dive:"Sion of stratelic ~
Federal law. an &;te:,.;it to steal or n=ear material.. The Atomic :£:cern-divert special nuci~ ma.ter'.a.l: s...oe sec*
k:t ol 1954 a.s amended. already pro-tion n2 of the *.i\\.toc:iic E:ler:y L.'"t of vic!es severe ~naJ:ties !or tile uz::i.u-
!95'- as amended. ~2 U.S.C. :r.2>.
thorized possession. or &ttem:,t to r..m Another a.s:,eet of the response re-possession. of speci&l nuclear material.
czwrement also tt'lui:es cla.....fica-;ion.
Section 57a. of toe act <-U U.S.C. 20TI'>
The requirement as now written.
cakes it unlawful for* &DY person to adopted nrl:>&tim from 10 C!l'R acqcire or passesa specl.al nuclear m**
73.50<~><2>. places a duty on liee::lSeeS ter.al wtt!lout a specific or reneral ll*
to i.mmlc:t their s:-.:a.--ds ~ prevent or eense mued by NRC. Sec:it>n :22 (42.
!m~e acts of radiol~cal 53.bOt&ie or U.S.C. 22'1"2> makes it a felony to Wil**
thdt of strateric special nuelea: mate-fully violate. a.ttempt to viol&te, or rial a.nd that they m2.l" :ise.force as COllSPire to violate sec:tioa 57. The pen-necesan-to cctmter f~ direeted &t a.lty cay be a fine up to Sl0,000, im*
thei.n. !ncludini the use cf deadly ;maonment for up to 10 ~us. or both.
!or::e when t.'1e iuard ~lieves it N:a; I! the offense ts committed with an scmabl:r :Oeeess&."'Y tn sel!-<!e!ense or intent to 1nJUre the Uni~ Stat-es or defense o! others. Note thst the re-to,ecure a.n advanta,&e to any !oreicn cr.u..-ement Is to iI:str.1.ct i'U&.""'C.S to p~ nation. the pams~nt may be tm-
\\"ent or impede a.tt~mpts at theft, not p~nment for ll!e. or any t~ of to require ruarcs to use force without
~~years. or ll fine up to S20.000, or both.~~
disc:retion. T!te llce?".see is also to tell
<3> U8<< of ~t gard&." Com*
hia au&rds that they may use force.
menters stated that the level of force but only the amou.'lt of !orce commen*
required b:, the rule is beyonct that surate wt:h force directed at them-which should be expected of prtva.;e the iuards. Thus. if an !.ntruder uses
!ndustr7. One eoaunmur recommend-no force. the iUL"d Ls not called u;,on ed that NRC restud7 the use of public to use force. ~ac!ly fOt"Ce ls referred
~~sector ~m:iel to iU8,rd licemed~~
.to only in. the context of se!!-de!ense stratqic special nuclear material. Spe-and defense of others. It ls ext:)eeted.
dfic:aily, commenters p~ se9era1 rea-aa a m.lnimum, that the e?:lployer of sons for these comments. lnclud1ni:
&.""med ina,rds "°'Jl allow a iUL-d to use (1) Tbat the private sect.or eamiot.S&t-h.is w~;,ons whf:?l the ru&rd h3.s a re&*
J.s:fy the propased transportation re-,
sona"ble belief it is necessary to pre-quiremft\\ta wttn com.merd.ally an.ila-vent death or irieviom bodily m:u...,-.
ble equipment; <%> th~ Is no evidence Indeed. in view of the - reference to support the design threa.t level srstem. requir~ment th.at he investi*
stated 1n the rale. and. t.here!ore. if cue intrUSions or unauthorized en-the Governmfflt est&bllshes a. need to tries and trY, to :oresa.ll theft. dlver-p~ &pins: such a threat, tbe Gov-sioc. or sabota.ie. it is see:l as essential emment mould do lt: ell the rulf/ is so for the protection of the rua.rd to ~
only Federal forces could allaw hmi to use his weapo~ under satisfy 1t; and <4> private YSWAT such dreumstances.
teams'" should not be c:-eated to wp..
It is ic.portant also to point out that press crime.
the decision to use force, tncludine The Seeurity A.6,ettt:1 stud:,. done 1n deadly force, is :::.a.de llJ tbe IUa.rd. nos compliance with the ~
Reorpm-by his saper\\13or or his ecployer. In a.
zation Act of 19'14. ecnclu~ t1lat 11*
drtlian context. the just!!fcation !or eensee ruards. properly tnin~ &nd the -me of force must rest ui>on the equipped, could be u effective as Ped-reascnal:lle belie! of the person usinC era.1 forces. I:n tact. the Federal Gov-it. The allowan~ of the use of dea.cb' emnent empl01"1 :i;:,rin.te,uards to force ta self-defense or de!e=se ot protect federally owned strateaic spe-others. Le.. when t."lere is a rea.sorni.ble da.l nuclearmaterlal. DOE. which uses belief lt 1s neeessa.n-to prevent death both public and priT&te sector iWL?'ds.
or snmous bodily injury, ~ clesr1.y has stated in eoncresuon&l testimony within the ::aainstream ot.American * < CcH:nm.ittee on G<,V"emu...mt.o\\.f!airs.
law.
March 23, 1978) tl::at these iUL-CS a.re
-equally effective. In addition. the Se-0 cu.'itY Apncy study (S.'\\.S) tt\\i~--ed ~
numb"er of other issues applicable to the question -of whether Government or pm-ate r.ia.rds should be responsi-ble !or nuclesr secu.~ty and concluded
t.~at the?"! was no ?"e3.SOa this responsi-bility mould not continue to rest with the private sector. Since tr.ls rule does not !nc:reue sa.feiruard,.3 ~--eme:i.t.s beyond those coD.5idered by the SAS.
it$ conclusions rer::ain n.lid.
N!ffrtheless. Oovemme:it hu a re-spomi!:lllltr to a.ss'..st llce::sees in the pratectton of their !adltties arain.s:
theft o! stra:e~ ~nucles: :n.a.te*
r-.&l l)&rt!:.:.lady in the f:,.ce of. deterio*
rati.nc e.+vil order. This !act is recor-nized ln both the proposed upiirade rule and the recently published eon-
~ency p~
rule (43 :FR 1l!?IJ'2>.
~
the.s;,ec!.!ic re:uo~ whl" corwters recommended O<>ve.."tl*
ment JWLZ"ds. the !'.m, that the private sector cannot sa.t:.sty the :n.mporta-Ucm requJremenu v.ith commercially a.vailable equipment. i.s oot valid. The.
sta.U has ma.c!e-numerous ch~es :o the propoaed rule whic.l:l a.r-e res;:ion-sive to pu.blic commenu &lld as modi*
fied. the t.n.DQortuiou r~u.trement.s of the rule can be satisfied vrtt!l com-mercially &vaila.bie equ.ipl.nel:lt. Re-Pl'dinc the secooc reason c:ted.* the
~~,roposect threat le\\*d Is r*flectiff of a.~~
number ot studies which w~e ~nr.1-polated from histcr..cal evideoce.. com-m11n ica-t!oos WiUI. va.ri~ la.wen.for~
meet apncies, review o.f. actual or threatened violence ln Ule eom.men:ia.1 nuclear. indu.str.r. an~ pr.ident judg-ment by NRC st.a!! based an cor::rside!"*
at.ion of all o! this Lc!ormation. The results of these studies a.re re!lected in the Joint ERDA/~'RC Tau F-oree re;,oi-t
<?t-mu:G 0095 >. and the GESMO sa!~ s:.ud,r (NUP..EG Ml-U. which recommended protection a&"&inst es.,er*'aJJy ~e same threat level as th.a.t est&blished i:l the :ule.
Both of these report$ reflected t.be threat in!or:natton a.\\"ailable to their p~ at t!:m: time. In a.dd.ition.
the :resul..s Qf.. C'U?Tent thorousn rer.ew o! all t!l.rea.t i,motma.r.ion a.va.ila.-
ble to the Commission at thi3 time does not provide a.:y oasis f~ Chan&*
u:c the~ tllrea.t.
R~
the t."1.1.rd rez.soo. tha.t the
?'Cle. 1a too open endec!. the pr:i.n.se wr.ich camed :he 1T'eatest cor.ceni
&bout Qjs Cl.e.. * *
~~but not :iecessar-lly liznited to * * *> has bee:i d~~~
because the capabilltes and per-toe:,..
a.nee requ.inmenta a.re =mprehensive enoulh to cover all A!esuards contm*
pnc:ies. In a.ddit:loa. a section has been
&dded to the statement o! caosider*
a.tiom which st.a.tes wna.t iUica.nce wW.
be used by ~c and issued to licens-ees to a.srure that the de\\"elopment. ll*
ce~ Z"e\\iew, and i=:s;,ection ot seai-mUAl UGmil. VOL 43. HO. 15-4-WE>N!SDAY, AUGUST 9,,m
ritY ~J,am and tacfilties* are not.:,pen
~~ended..~~
F'ttlaily, tt*Js rcle does not requi.~ 11-censees to use '1)rtvate SWAT te:i.ms**
.
~~to suppress er-.me in ieneral. !lce::.sees~~
~
not ex;iected t.l a.ssume non:a.l re-sponsibilities o! Gove?":l.t!lellt de.tense or law enforce:::i.ent agencies. ~t..'1.er, licensees are r~uired. In acecrd.ance With NRC re~ocs a.nd ::.lleir llcer.s- -
iila agreement. on!y t.J ;i~veo.t the thelt of st.ra.tegic s;iecial :iucle.ar m~-
riaJ. a..c.d protect a.~t the r:Ldiclo~-
cal sabo~e of a. llce!lSed f.:1.cility.
There ~
no ~C requirement.s relat*
ins to: < 1) Protection ~t o?'tiinar7 theft o! n01'..?11.!ciear !?1!l.teria.ls or ocher cr.minal acts; <2> apprehension and arrest of crimina.13; or <3l de!eatins an adversary force.
<4) C01V1ict ?Dit,'t Stat~ a:-:zd loc:rl gu,i Cc:ws amt use of ai:toma:tic uita1,)0'n,S.
Comments raised -.he q.uest!on of the reg-..lla.Qon req~ a.rmament :or gua.-da and :r-...ns;:ort escorts In Viol.a,,
tioo of State and. local laws. In pa."'ti.c-ula.r the cic.est!on was rai.sed at t.."'3Jl.5-port ~
~~i weapons in d.1!-
termr. Jcri.sdic:io.cs...Als8 ~e specific question of iwtoc:.a.tic weapom waa
?'aised.
It is true that ~th Federal and g..,a.te law llave 1!,;,tt".::g effects en the posseMion a.nd use cf !!rearma 'oy Pl'i-vate guards. !n the ?:".a.in. t.1lese laws rca.ke "mac.~ guns" unai.-ailable <a.
""!Jl3Chi:1e g>..l:l" i.s any,,;-ea;,on that
!Ires more t.~a.n one b\\.*l!et with &
si."'lCie iunctton cf the tr'ioer>. pre-cl.udil::s the use oi automatic weapons by ::,rtvate-:>ersons.
Department of Enern-couriers and guards c!ormerly.-U:C or Z.~DA. conrt-ers :met guards) :ire authorized oy Fed*
en.l law to c:irry fire::u-?:IS <section
~~. 6 lk. of the A:omic En.em-Act of 1954. 3.S a:nencieci). The,- may :LI.so r.ave a..utocatic we.a,;)ocs (42 U.S.C.~~
925<&,J(l)). DOE ma7 WO extend this a.uU10rity e:> empto,~s of its contrac*
~~ors er.pg~ in the protec"".Jon of ;,rop,,~~
eny owced or the C:titeci States a::td located at !acilities owned tiy or con-
~~
to t!le United SUJ.:es Cwrt.!l!:1 the ccmtex:t of actMties author.zed' ?l:;
the.\\tOl!l!C Ene?T.T -~l-The Comm!ssion. however. ~eves that the t.ne:e??:ent in firepower 3.dd..-ct.
oy autoa:a.t!e wea.pot"'.s would not oe su!fic!ently signiticant t?l' tlle ove:-a.ll physical ;,roteetion s;stem to warnnt the UR of such weapcns by privue r.iards.
The Commission ~gr,Jzes ;hat ear-.
riers would n~,;;c ecnsider the var-ious !oc:al a.rid State run Ian !or the jU:risdicttons through whic!:1 they
-:vould be tra.ns;,orti:!a strate-r.c special nuclear m.aternu. This i.s not a. new sit-uation. There a.re mars etim;iames tl'3%lSl'orong 'l:!.lua.c~e shipments 'Wit!l ar:ned e.scor..s :!lrough 7artous !t:ris-dictions. This ~ould lncncata tha.t it !s not an imoluble ?roole:.:..
l'\\ i.S not Intended that :he :;ll'oposed ameocime:::i.ts.rould ove?"!"ide State and local laws. !t i.s the oelie! o! ch~ Com*
miss.an t.ll.a.t a.d~te f!exitllity in ;l?'*
mace.nt. wi'th res;ieet to St.1.te and Fedenl. !a.n. already exis".s 2.Ild tl:-..s.t no turt~er legislation is necessary a.t thu ~
absent a. cocclusi-:e snovr..ni th.a.t au.:oma.ti::: :vea;;o.cs are.!..-;sentia.l in the total
ih;;stcal protection system. Whe

,~ a. lk:eosee can show c~nclusive!y t.h:it then !s coc.illcc With State and local la.-:i;s alte?'l:13.tr:e :?:93-
-W"e$ would be considered.
(5) Camm.en.!.1 tnd.!cct.ed con,~..an.
ngc:ui ng t.114 st<l.:u..t of.~ea.rch ~a.c-tor., under t.'1.e ;:r,:,-;,osed nue. Com-menters iene.""3J.l,y felt that research reactors should :iot be required to meet the r..r.ngent requ.trements of tlle proposed rule. Ccmoent.s ind.!O!.t*
ed ~
thoae or.:a:uzatiom ope:-:uini research reactGrs. such as universities.
could not a.t!ord t!le a.deed cos:.;; of :he u;icra,ded protec:.ian. It was also noted tha.t imposition of r.hese requi.reme..'lts on research reactors would oe in viola.-
tion o! the Atomic Eneru Act o! 1954.
a.s amended wherein t.he Com::n.i.ss1on should.. * *
~~impose only J-;J.Ch J:llini.~~
mum ainount o! regula.t.!on * *
~~and will ~ermit the cor.duct o!..tdes;:r~d a.n.d diverse rese!!.rC.h and de~lop.~~
men~~
The intent and context of the pro-posed regulation was :o include only those resea..--ch re~.Jn ha.7i..'li ::iore tl:.a.n
~~formula. quantities of strategic s;;.ecial nuclear ma.~!'ial ~~~
~
not sell pro~ by beinz ir:'adiated J.t the level specified. In J 73.6(Q). i.e.. 100 rem& ;,er hour a.t 3 !eet..-\\ major ;iar:
oi. the confusion. ~;,arentl.y res-..i.lted from misun.de."St.a.:t~ a.s r.o the ~c-m~t. ot the present sections in ;iar:
73.. These se<:tions would ce :-emoved wb.e:i the new se:~ns 'oec:une e!!ee-tive.;. Coverage !or ~ch react0rs ha.vin& less than the !:lrmul:.l. ~uantit7 of sr.ra.tegic special :u.:.cleu cu:er.al would eo.nt.inue to be cove~d ur.der
§ ~3.40. Toe Comm.i.s.sioc. is consic:er..::1;
~~a. sepa.nte ~cuo:i in pa.rt 7l to cover~~
~
~.or,ro~cion just as there is a separ.ita section. § 73.55, to cover the-protection al ;iov.er reacton.
tiatil such a..n amendment ia :r-..sde. re-sea.-ch. r~..oa ha\\1DI? ~ore than for-mula quant:!ties would be covered by the prope!ed ?'el'Ulat!on when it 13
!II.a.de e!!ecttn.
CS)
Pertorma.m:e-ari.e:::utl requ:n-me:,,t.r ~,1. Commenters suggest-ed that !lu.i~ty be allowed in the rea,.llatiou co va...-, the oum!J.er at es-coi-..3 or escort vehicles. to use an una.r-mo~ vehic.le-Ul.3.~ wtluld be less ct1n-
,Sl:licuoll3. to ~rmlt cba.ngt!$ o! routing en route. and to wpt reqo.irements to site ~ic, conditions. Other sug:es-tim:ls we~ ma.de tor enanges !n word-In~ to ;,er:mit exem:,t10Jl8 !or s;;~.:flc
, concitions or deletion of ~ui:re:nen:s tha.t would ::oi be a.;,pro~r.ate !or cer*
ta.in eondit:an.s.
The objeeti"le of the ;:,er4..or.::ia.nce o-p:J.billty :eq:.:.iremenu is :o provide flexioilit7 :o the lie~ in ces:g:::.+/-ng his ::,stem to provicie ~ desi~ted c~a.oi1i~ies..
The capabilities
~
desiin i(:a.!.s !or tha lice?ISee to fit ;;o r..i.3 illdi-.idU3.l ~ta or~ conc:i-tior.s. The cs;nl:lilities a.-e ;;he st2.::ed.
gca.l.3* or ~encs. Wher=.er a.
it;'en system a.ctuaJJ.y attam

s l. s;:edi!e
~al in praet!ce will depend 011 r:!le conditions pe~ :it i:!le -t:!me. ':"..:e systa?:1 should ::e"le:t.':.eles:I be c:~
sir.:ed to a.c-...un tl:::e s.:,ec:t<~ gea!.s or c:i.pa.bi.litiP.S under t!le conditi.:>:::s tb.at ex.ilt a.t a. given s.ite or und.er a gi"i'en tn.."1.:.-.,ort situation.. Gllic!a.ru:e in the design of saieg-.iards 5)--ste:ns is being
,re;,a.red mci -

rnll be 1:rovtded to tl:::.e li*
cer:..sees. ~
iU,idance lde."lti.fies var-ious subsystems :md e01::rl)onen.ts ';ha~
c:i.n be *J.!ed to st"..a.in the s;,ec:fied ca-pabilities. The llcer...see mus: sei~ :!le a;:ipro~ri:i.:e combinations far his need.s *. The f!rn ~hs of. :he S7Stet::1 s;:eci!1C3tion n '?3.:5 and '?3.46 s-..ates that t..'le C::nmni.sston may an-thor.ze other ?ne3.SU.--es it in i:S ~inicm the overa.U level of ;:erfor:naz:ce :eets the general :,er.!or?:lal:~ reGuirements ar.d the per.!orman.ce cai)a.bllit7 re-quirements.
It Ls the intent of these opgbility re-qu.:rements and general ;>erlormance re<r..tire:::ents to allmv ::::iar.z:m.::i fle:d.-
bi?lt7 to the llcero.see in d~..g:w::.g his
!ystem.. No exemptions to the speemc requirements ot § 73.!?8 or § 73.45 a.re t:eeded so l~ as the di!!e::-e::.ces are sb:own to meet tile rene:-::iJ. ~r!on::>:-
ance and ca.pacilit7 !'eQuirements.
<7> Co.ft.s. Co.mme:ters stated t!:st tl::te costs given !n the ~..a.t.?mimt ot C'Onsideratiom were too low but ;::-o-
~ded no suc,portit::-g data for hi~er COst.:J. ne CO?!U:le!lt also -;;'a.3 ma.de that some of the rec;ux:eme:ic.s could not be im;,leme=.tad a.t a.:ay C'OS1: but cc detail.1 ~e:-e given.
The Comm.is.ion !la.s stuced t.!le eost.s o! !he ;,ro~O&ed acendme?l:a ru:,.
ther and has h.:Mi a. ~ue/ tm::,ac:; a.tUI-
~~,sis ;,repved on the bs.$is o! the reier-ence s,stem !n the ~-la.Jou..,\\ cop:,~~
o! this analysis h3.S bee.a ;,laced in U:le Col:l?n!ssion*s P'.!blic Doeumem R-Oo:r.
3.t 1717 H Street NW.. Wa.shic.ton.
D.C.
If the Commissicn adopts t.'i.e i)l"O-
osed amet

c:ments to 10 C...'='R ?'.In 73.
~~each. utected lice~ TOuld ':le s+/-ven 2~~
~~,eriod of 1:0 d.ayS !ollow".::i' the e!!ec-ttve date of th~ a:nendments to submit~~
a. ~Vised !t~ed site sa.feru:a.rc,! ;,hysica;i protection :;,La.:i and. if :ippropri:.te. a reVi.sed sa.:eguard., ::r-:tilS""..,or...a.tion ::ro-tection ;:)lan descri!:ling how..he licens-ee 7l'1ll. com.:,l:, With t!le requ.L.~men~
of } 73.:o C:i..)Cl) and C3.J<2l. -~ Ucens~
RDUAl. l!GfSTU,. VO\\. 43. HO. ls-4-'NEN!SDA Y, AUGUST 9, 1971
35326 would be liven up to 300 days &!ter the eUective date of the amendments or 90 days after the submitted ;,La.n iS approved. whichever Is later. to Imple-ment the approved plan except !er cer..a.in activtties ill\\"Ol\\1nr new c:on-struc:tion. sicniflc:a.nt ;,hrstcal c:.odi!I*
ca.t!~ of emt'.ni str-.1etures. or major eqwpment !mta.lla.tion !or which 540 da;,s or 180 dass after the plan i.s ap.
proved would be allowed.
I:1 addition. a llce::.see would be liven up to 210 days after the effective date o! these amendments to submit a reV'.sed fixed site safer.ia.rds physical pro_tect1on plan and. i! appro;,ri3.te, :i.
revised safec-.!UCS ~ona.tion ::,ro-tec:ion plan descrlbinl bcw the licens-ee ~"ill comply With the requirements of'§ 73.20<a.JC3J.
A licensee would be given up to 390 days after the et!eet1're date of t.~ese amendments or 90 days after t.hi.s latter plan i.s a.ppro-red. whichever is later, to !.l::1plement the approved plan except !or activities speci!ically identi-fied by the licensee which !nvolve new cocstrUC"..ion, siani!leant modi!leatlon of em.inf structures or major eqUip.
ment imitallation !or which 540 days after the e!!ective date of these amendments or 180 dafs after the plan(s> is approved. whichever ts later, would be allowed.
The amendments would become ef-fective 30 days after publication in the F!:la.u. REGtsn2.
The s,stem spedfica.tions included ln § 73.26 for tr:u:b-porution physical
~~protection s;stems ue l:ased on com-ments received on the tra.ns;,orta.tion protection requirements proposed for comment on November 13, 1974 <39~~
FP. 40036> and subsequent consider*
ations.
The co:::mission has deter::uned
~~der ~ouncil of Envt:oamenw Qual-ity ruideltnes and the criteria. in 10 CFR Part 51 that a.n enVironmental impact.sta.tecent !or the ;::rc;::osed amendments ro 10 era Put 73 is not
~uired. ConC'.m-entl)' with publie&*
tion of :he not!ce of proposed rule-
~~naldne of July 5, 19:i7 <<i: FR 34310>~~
the Commission mace avai!a.ble in lt.s
?ubllc Documents Room at l'Tl'l' S:
Street NW.. Wa.sbi:lrton. D.C. an "En*
\\ironmental Impact Appraisal of Amendments To 10 CFR Part 'i3.'" to s.::i:>;,ort a NeptiYe Declaration. This docucent is appropriate for the re-
\\ised propcsed amendments u we~
Pursuant to the Atomic Energy -~
of 1954. u amended. the Enerl7 Reor-ra,niz&tion Act of l9'f4. u &mended.
and section 353 of title 5 of the United States Code, notice is hereby a:tven that adoption o! tlle followins a.mend*
meDts to T!tle 10, Cllapter L Code of Federal Resulations. Pa..'"t 73 is eon-
. templated.
~~l. Section T3.1Cal of 10 era Pa.."t T3 is reVised to read a.s follows:~~
.PROPOSED RUL!!S -
§ TU PurpoH and scope.
<a.> PuTIIOU. This pa.rt prescribes re-quirements !or the esta.bllsbment and maintenance of a physical protection mum wblch will ha.ve eapabWties !or the ;,rot~..ion of 5;)ecia1 nuclear mate-rial at fi.."Ced sites *and in transit and of Plants in which special nuclear ma.ten*
al ls used, to ;>l'Oteet 3.13,imt acts o! ra.-
diololical sabot~e a.nd ;,revention of theft of speeial nuclear-material.
2: Sections 73.2<c>, en. Ch>, Ck>, <n>.
ana c-:,1 o! 10 CFR PL""t 73 a.re rensed to ~ad u !ollows:
§ ':'3.% Definition.,.
.-u used in this ;,a.."t:
~~* <c> "Guard" means a uniformed indi*~~
Vidual armed with a !trea.rm whose pri-mary duty is the protection of special nuclear material a.pm.st theft. the protection of a J)lant ap.inst rad:iolo,t-cal sa.0ota1e. or bor.ll.
en "Physical Barrier" meaa.s
<1> _hnces constructed of No. ll Amencan wire ta1e. or heavier wire
!abrtc. u1pped bf thrtt strands or
nore o! barbed Wire or similar ma.terl*
al on brackets angled outward between 30* amd 45* from the vertical, With an overall beis.ltt of not 1~ than s !eet.
l.:leludinri the barbed topplnr,
<2> Buildinr walls. ceilinp and floors constructed of stone, brick. cinder block. concrete, steel or eom;S'a.rable mate?'i&LI <openf:lls In which are se-cured by sr&tes. doors, or covers of C?nstruction and !astemnr _ ot sufi!.*
c1enL strenlth such tr.at the illtes:rtty of ~e wall fa not: lessened by a.ny operuna), or W'3.l!s of s1m.il&r construc-tion, not part of a. buildulr. provided wtth a ba:bed toppinr described ill Pan.an.Ph <f><l> of this section of a height of not less than S feet; or C3) An7 other physical obs:ruction constructed in a manner and of mau-ria.ls suitable *tor the purpose for which the obstruction 1s intended.
tra.tlon appropriate to the res;:,ocse time. o! the local l&'.I" enforcement a.u-thonty that would rffpond :o a sa.te-ru&rds contin1ency at the site.
<;i> "Rad.iololiea.l S&botap,. ::near.J L'lY delibera.te a.ct dir~ed a.pir.st a.
plant or trans-port in which an actMtY licensed pursuant to the rer..!la.tiom In this chapter Is conducted. or a.p.in.st a.
component o! such a plant or trans-port which could directly or !ndirectlv endanger t.~e public health and sa.!ety by ex;,OS'.ire to radiation.
~~3. Section,3.2 o! l0 *CFR Pa.-t 73 a~~
~;~nded to add i,an~.::.s l~) thru 11U DefinitionL Aa used In this ;:iart:
<x> "Strategic special nuclear materi*
al" means uranium-235 <contained in u.-a.niu.m enriched to 20 percent or more !n the U-235 isotope>. uranium-233, or plutonium.
<1> MFcrmul& quantity" means stra.*
tertc spec!al nuclear matenal ill any combtna.ticn in a quantity of 5.000 i?"3.ml or more computed by the for-mula. gT&mS * <,rams.contained ti-235
~~2.5 <,ra.m.s U-233~~
iI"&tllS plutoni*
um.).
CZ~ "Transport" mesn.s a.ny la.nl!, sea.
or all' conveyance or modules fer these con~ya.nces such a.s rail cars or s-..a.n-dardlzed eario containe:s.
<a.a> "Incendiary device.. mea.-:.s a.ny self-contained *de\\ice intended to create an intense fire th.a.t can d&z:age normall, !la.me ~tant or reta.r~t materia.l.s..
<bb> "Controlled access area" means 3:CY tem;:,or:uily or permanently estab-lished clearly dema.rc:i.ted area.. access to wh!ch is controlled and whie.:i at*
fords isola.tion of the material. equip.
ment or ;iersons within it. *
<c:>
MMovement control center"
nea.cs a.n opera.tiom center wt:.ictl is remote !rem transport actMty and which _mamtaim periodic position in*
torma.uo_n on the movemen~ o:..stra:e-lic s;,ect3l nucleu ma:.er.al, recei.-es reports ':)t a.ttemp~ a.ttacks or t."le!ts, prortdes a. mesns !or rei:,ortinr th.ese Ch> "Vital area.** means a.ny area and* C?ther problems to a;,pro;,riate which contains Vital equipmen~
&ienoes and can requb"t and coordi-nate a.pproprl.ate aid.
l~~d~~;;~r:*~z:~~ ~~';i'fJ::
<t> "Isolation zone" means any area, unauthonzed a.cces., or introduce un-clear oC all objects which could eon-. :mthor-.zed materials into or ?'emo\\'e ce&J or shield an individual, adjacent straretic special nuclear ma.te?'ial !roe to a. physical ban1.er.
protected areas. vttal a.re:is. material access a..-eas, controlled a.ccess areas.
<n> "Vt.wt* mea:15 a. wtndowlesa en-closure constructed With wa.lls, floor, rooC and door ~~that ~ill delay pene-or transports.~~
~~<ee> "Stealth" mear.s co\\'er: :netb.ods used to a.~e:n;it to i3,1n una.utl:lo~.zed~~
~ess or introduce or ?'emo\\'e \\lll&U*
~~tllonzed materials where tlle !a.ct of FmEUL R.!GIST!l. VOL '3. N0. t54-WE>N!Sl>AY, AUGUST 9, 197S~~
~~such attempt !.s concealed. or an at-tempt tis made to conceal it.~~
~~cm "Deceit" mea.lS methods used to~~
~~~err.;,t to pin una.othortzed a.ccess or mtroduce or remove unaut!lor-..zed ::i.a,.~~
~~teriw where the a:tamllt involves :aJ..~~
~~mlc:ition !o pre:se?J.t the a;:pe:i..-a:ce o!~~
~~a.u:horlzed a.cceM.~~
~~~~t. T!le undesialUted first ~Ph of J 73.a is revbed to read 3.S follows:~~~~
I -::.a Enmption.t ot ~...rt.1.iA '1'1-~
and kinda of speci:LI nuclear r:aaiar..a.L A Ucecsee is e."~ !:'om t!le ~
qmrements of U i3.:o. 7:US. n.28.
'?3.2'?, '?3.43. 73.~8. T3.':0~ az1d 7:L'l2 with res::ect to t!le follow::::te ~
nuclear m.s.terial:
~~~~9. Pal'qr.iph 'i3.-t0(~ !.s revised to re-place references to U 'T3.~ and 'i3.50 with refare~ to U ":3.20:.73...2.S; 73..ZS:~~~~
~~~~13.45; acd 'i3.46.~~~~
~~~~10. New U 73.20, 73~ 73.26. 73.2'1',~~~~
73.43, a.nd 73 *..S 3.1"e added to res.d as follows:
,~ General pertoimance mems.
(a.) Iu ac'11tion '° any other require.
mem.s Qf this ~
e:i.ch ll~naee ~no ls ~
to opera.t.e a. fuel ~
cesam~ plane ~t to pvt ao ot this caapeer; pcss~es or u.ses !ol'?:lula.
qaantir;if's of~ s;:ec!3J. nucle:ir
~rl:iJ. ~m, site or eonr;t:r.1otm sites mbj~ to control ey che U=emce: is authorized to tl"!l.mt:>on or d~Uve: to &
camer for trscsponation :,u.--s.:umt to
~~~~5. Section 'i3.S Ls ame=.ded to add 1J&l't*'70 of this chapter for:::zala quantl-~~~~
~
o1 ~
special nuclear :nate:1-
~~~~,ar:t.ra;ih <d> to re3.d '1i follows:~~~~
at tua deliver7 of formwa quantities
§ i3.6 Exemptions o( c:er!:lin qu311tffiee of str:ategjic s;,ed:ll nuc:tear mater.al and !dnds of specim nuclev material.
tree, on ooard <!.o.b.) t.'le ~mt 3.t
<d> S~ecit\\l nuclear mater.al :!l:it is b~ tr:msported by the Ulli::ed Sta.tes Oe~artment of ~etc, tra.m-
~~~~?On sysUm.~~~~
waich it ls delivered to a. carrier !or t:'an.QOrtation: or-imc::ons or e.~r...s formula quantities of stntegic special mu:lesr material shall esta.blis.'l and mauitain or mue a:rnngeme:its tor a.
phT,rical procec:don ~.am whidl ~.Jl preven, Tith b.iih il.S&uraoce theft of stnter.c s;,ecial naelesr materta.1 and H T3.:0 \\hrourh."3.36 and il.:lO CDeJ.-.ed-J proieci. against ra.diolcg+/-cal saootaee
~~~~a. &!c:iom 73.30 :hrou&h 'i3.33. a::d by the loilowtna:~~~~
T3.60 ~
deleted.
(1) A detennined viol~ men:al aa-
~~~~7. The undestsnated first pa.rag:-aph. au.tt. at... aclt by steslth. or dece:>t!V.,~~~~
of } 'i3.~0. is reVi.sed to read u follows:
acd.om. l::17 a. small gn,up With the !ol-
§ 1:.50 Reqainmema tor ph79ic31 pro:ec-tioa of Ucem~ acti'P'ities.
Each llce?J.See who Is sut!lor=ed to oossess. use, or sto.re for:nula. c;canci-
ies of stntegic si,ec'.al nuc!eu materi*
al,:v!:lic!l ls not resdil.Y separable !rom other radioactive matfflal and wt.i.ieh has a total external radiactoa dose rate tl excess of 100 :-e?:lS ;er hour :1, a distance of 3 !eet trom any accesst?:le sur.ace wtelout inte1"'fenin~ shiel~
other t!la.n at 3, nuclear resct0r facility licensed ;mrsuant to ;,art 50 ot th.i.3 e~r shall comply wtth tM !oilow*
Ing:
lOW'lnS attrnrutes..assistance and
~pmenc m Well.tn.ined <!ncludins miliwY tr.uninS a.--id skills) and deci-cated individuals. <fD imid~ a.sststance which m:iy ll!elude a ~owl~ole tndh'ic!'t::tl who :ittemi,ts to pamci:,ate in ?x,th a ~e role (e.r.. prc-r.de i:t-formatian> and an ad~ role ( e.,r_ fa-ciltate-entrance and e:tit. disable a.!arm.s cd =mounicattcm. pr.Jci.
~~~~n-:e !.:! vtolent &ttack>, <!il> su.itaole weapons. c:,,;o 1:d !::ciud.ir.r hal:d-~~~~
!:.eld automatic we:ipon.s.
equ:tpped wtth.Sllencer3 and u.1n~ et!eem-"'
lo~ n.nze ~.
(!;} bndcarrted equipment. tncluci!nS !nca~adta.tinc apnts and er.,105ives !or use a.s tools of mUT or oU:err..se ~es:zor.::z the
~~~~a. Section t3.-iOC:i.> 1.s :-evtsed to :ead plant or tram;,ort ince~ty. and c-:>~~~~
~~~~is !~ws:~~~~
the abilit7 to oper..te u t-;;o or more f T3.IO Ph13ical :,rote-cdon: G~nmu no quiremeaca u fl:r~ sites.
(a> Each licensee shall pr,:,vtcie physi-cal prot.!C::ion 3p..i.:l.st i.ldustr.&1/4 ~
tace and ap.!:mc :he!t o! r,:ecial nucle-ar mater.al at t.1'1.e !Il:ed sites where 11*
censed ~..ivities are conducted.. P?:tysi-C:ll secm-:ty systems shall be estab-lished and ::::i.a.inta.ined by t!le !icecsee tn accor~e wt!h lecurit7 pl&ns ai>-
~~~~,roved by the Nuclear ~~~~~~
Commission.
Cl>> C..\\mendedl teams.
C2> An fndivfdual. lnclu~ 3.11 ~-
,-lane <!n an:, position>. a.nd m A coc.,ptraq between Ind1vidua.!s 1n ~ ~tton who may ?uve: C1)
~
to a::d detailed knowledse of the facilities 3%!.d ac:t1vities refe."'nd to 1n § 73.:0<a>. or CU> item.s. that :ould f3..
dllta.te theft o! s;)eC!.al nuclear mater!*
al <e.~ miall tools. sut.stimte ma.~-
al. !'llse docl::le::.t.s. etcJ. or ':::ot!l.
C.b> To meet tl"..e ieneral,P.erlorm.a.nce
~
ol ~il ca> ol this secnon a licensee shall e:stal)llsh a.::d maintain.. or arranie !or; a pb.ysical protection syatec :b.a.t:
<1> Provtdes the perfor=ance opa*
bWties descrfbed :n § 73.:, for !n*tra.n*
sit ;,roteetion or 1n J 'i3A5 !or !lled site ;n-otection 1.mless ot!ler.vtse au-thorized oY the Commission:
<2> ts de.staned with su!!!ctent red:m-cta:ic7 and diversttr to a.s:sure :::ainte-nance of th& Qgal::illtiei de~ in-1 'i3.:?5 or } ':"3..45; Uld C3) Includes a. test~ a.nd ma.!:lta-
~~~~can..--e ;:iroa:r.;.m to J.SSU.~ coDaOl o'1er all ~vttie.s a.ad c.erlC8S 3.!!ec:t.1::.a t.he e!!ecti,~ reilaJlillt; *.:id ~il-ity 01 the paysical vrotec:ion s~si;em.~~~~
lm:!udi:lg-a. demons:ra:k>n th~ any defects of such. actiVitl~ and cie*rices w-.Jl be prompuy d~d a.mi correct*.
ed !or :he tow ;,er.od of time :.hey are required as a. ;,a..-t ot the ;,hys!cal p~
tec:ton sy:item.
<c> Eac.."l Uceme sullJect to t:!:e re-qmrement.s of p~!:l.s Ca.> and <a>
ot this section shall:
(1) Wttb.in l.:O :a?S after the e!!~*
tive da:e o! ~'tese ~encmer:.~ su:m:tit a !"ffi.sed f!:ed !it9 3aier.::s...'"CS ~cal prou:ction ;:lzu :md. l! a;roro~riate. a n,,.ued sa!esu,arc!3 ~~..ati.on ;:,ro--
..ection ;,.Ian desc:-'.J::Ir::r how the l!oms-ee will C"'...m:;ly ;;ith ~
~..i:re:::ents of.:;an.g:-a.;lhs ca.:i<l> and Ca.)(2) ot this uc:tan; a.:id (2) Within 300 days after t!le e!!ee-ti*~ date at chese amend!nent.. or SO days a..~ the plan suomit:ed ~w:su*
ant to ~
(c>hssica.l modi!!cation of ex-.J.ting ~tntct"'..ins or maJor ~WP-cen; in:millat:on for wt"jo 340 day8 L"t.,r the e!!ectlve date o! tnese at::iend.ments or 130 days s!:er' the i)~(.sl ls a;,;>?'(Wed. ;..l:li.:!lenr ls later, Will be ~owed.
<3> Wltrun 11.0 dars a.!':er toe ef!ec*
ttve date of the.,e 31:e??dm'!cts submit a re'1sed !b:ed si~ !a!~~J.ards ph;rsica.l
-roc.ectioa.

>,c snd. if a.;,proprtate. &
~V'_,ed ~el".lards ~portat1oa i;,r:>
teetion plan descri~s !::ow the llee?JS-ee Will COCll)~ With tha reqtlire?nl!??t3 of i;,a..-:tcnph u,)<3> of :l::!.i3 section: :ind cu Within 390 d2ys after ~t.e e!!ec.
ttve ate of these a.c:ecd:::ents or 00 d:iys after th~ plan(s).!Ubmitted Pl:?'*
Stlallt CO :,ar:11?'3P!1 (C)(3) :,f t!:is S~*
tiou is a;:;r.-oved. Which.av~ is later *.
tmplement the ap~roved ;;lan eu~;,t
!or :M:t!Vit!es spec:I!~c:!.lly ich!nti!!ed o:;
the Ileen.see wt.!el:1 11:volve new CQn*
sr.ruct!on. signj.C.!.cs.nt modific::i.e!cn of ex!.:.-t'.cz str-.lct-...res or ~ajor equip.
me:, lz:s<'..a.llat:.cn !or wmeh 340 d.:l.rs after :he e!!ec:i,e da.;e of thase
~~~~imen.dmect..i or 130 dsys at~er :he~~~~
~13:Csl is a.;,i:rcved. -.vl:tiche,er is later, 7'tll :e allowed.
35328 Pl0PCSID RULES f'T3.25 Performanea c:aplbillU. for phyno controlled access &rHS Cor such &t-eal procecdoa ot stra&elie special na,.
temt1ts> so th&t the response c::ui gre-c:Jear ma&arial ln tnmit.
vent the theft of strateaic s;,ee4.al nu*
Ca> To meet the teneral gerlorma.nce clear mater.al.
reqwrement of ~ 13.20 an !n-t1'3.mtt
< 4> Detect attemi,t.s to p.in unau.-
t'111Ys1c&l t'll'Oteetion s1Stem shall In*
thorized a.ccesa or Introduce 1mauthor*
elude the pertormance c:ap&billties de-ized materials Into the vieinit:, of scribed In p~b.s Cb) throuah Cd) tr.u:l.sl)Orts b:, deceit u.ruis the follow*
of th1.1 section imless othenn.se &U*
Ins subsystems and subtunc:tiom:
thomed b,- the Commission.
m... !ccesr authorization coatrals and Cb> Resmct a.ccesa to and. activity m procedures to ;,rovtde ~nt authon*
the vicmit:, of tr.u:!.1l)or..s a.ad stntelic zation schedules and a.ccteSS c:riteria tor si,edal nuclear material. To acl:lieve ~
materials and vehicles; and this ca'Pal:JWt7 the physie&t procl!Cti0:a CU> Access controls a.ad procedures sntem shall:
to ~
the Identity of :,ersom..cate-
< 1> Mlrimi'"* the vulneral:illb' of t!1e. r.als and vehicles and a.ssaa such idm*
suatelic si,ecia.l nuclear ::n.itert:u b,-
tity a,aimc. current authorization u.sins the tollo9'ina su'b!unctions and senedules and acces.J cnter..a. before procedures:
s:ermittme IICC9$1 and to Lntitiate re-m Prei,lar.nllls itineraries for the spome measures to deny unauthorized movement of stntesic speetal nuclear
~~~~entries.~~~~
mater.al:
<cl Preftnt or. dela.y unauthorized
<ll> ~rtocilcally u;,datins Jmowledze mt:? or lntrodUctton of unauthori::ed of route conditions tor the movement materials Into, and unauthomed re-of stn.testc si,ecial :iuclear material:
moval ot strateliC spectaJ. nuclear.na-
<lll> !4alntainins lmowledl* of the terial trom trim.,ports. To acl:lieve tha statua and position of the sttatesic capability the-physical r;,rcteetion special nuclear material en route: and mtem shall: -
<iv> Oetermininl and communiC3.tu:S
< l> Detect a.ttempts to pm unau*
.altemat.'ve tttnera.."'ies en :oute a.a con-thor'.zed entrY or Introduce unauthor-ditions warrant.
!zed ma.tert&ls Into tr:m.si:iorts by
<:> Oetec: and dela.7 3.IlY unauthor-deceit usinZ tl1e tollowins subsystems
!zed attempt t.o pm a.cc-JS or intro-and subfuncttons:
duce unauthorized
~~~~nauria.ls by~~~~
<1>.-\\ccesa authOrization controls and
.stealth or !c:ce Into the 7lcinity of procedu;es to provide current authori*
trans;iort.s ~ all stops usms the !ol-
~~~~ation schedules and entr:, crt~r-..a fol' lowins sub.systems s.r.d subtun.ct1om:~~~~
a.c:::ess Into tr:ln.s;,Crt.s for both persons m Controll!!d access a.re3.S to ~ol.a.te and caterb!.s: and str:1tQic Slledal nuclear mater'.al or
<11> Entr7 ecmtrols and ~ures to tramport.s at all.stoi:s to assure that. vm!7 the identity ot persons and ma-unauthor.zed p~rsons or m3ter.als terials and to permit tnn,port ent??
shall not. have direct ace~ to the onl3' to those ;,erscns and matertals
~rt.a or stratqic special nuclear s;,eci!!ed by t?le curr-.nt authorization material:
sc!::edules and el1tr3' c:riter'.a.
,ill :.\\ccesa detection :sucsystecs and
<Z> Detect attem;,t.s to pin unau-
,roceduns to detect. asses., and com*
t!lorlzed entrY or introduce !llla.ut!lor*
munic:ace :s.ny unauthor.zed pe::.etra.-
!zed ?:Cater.al into tn.:isporta by tiOn <or such attecpu> of a controlled ste&!th or force usi:l;- the -followiile acce.u area 07 i:ersons. vehicles or ~ subs~ and subtunction.s:
teri.als at the time of the pei:ecntion m Transport teamres to dela$
<or: anempt> so U-.at the response ca.n access to stratqic si,ecial nucle:u-c.a-
~~~~,revent the penetrstioa < or atum;,t>~~~~
teria.l suL~ent to -per::lit the detec*
!rom result!nc in th* theft of stratestc tion and response 1:vstem.s to !uz:c:tica JPecial nuclear m&eer'.:LI. or radiololical so as to prevent the theft cl str:1tqic
$1.botalre.
spedal nuclear ::saterial:
<3> :Cetect and delay :my umathor*
<W Impectton &ad detection sucsys-lzed at~mpt to pJ.n a.ceea l>J' stea.lt!l tems a.nd proeedures to cietect w:au-or toree !nto the vtc!n1t7 0f st?3.teli¢ thorized tampertns With tram;,or..s si,ec!.a! nuclear ca.cer.al on board and c:uio contabers: and movtns :r.msport-..s u.sm1 the :ouowinc
<llt> SUrleill:mce subs~ems a:id subsystems and subtunct!om:
prccedU.res to detect. assess and com*
m Concrolled a.ccesa areu to assure* municate &nJ' unauthom:ed ;,r!senc1t unauthomed persons sha.1l' cot have of persons or i:natenala :md any una.u*
direct access to the stracqic s;ecial thori%ed attem;)C to ;:enetrate the nu.clear mater.al; transport so that the resi,ome ca:i ;,re-
< il> Secured car-so compartmmr.'s:
vent the theft ot strateliC s;iec<.a.l nu-and clear :naiertal.
<W> :i.romtorms and sur.eillance sub-,
<3> ~vent um.uthorized removal of
~
and procedmes to detect.
stratelie special nuclear material !?'om assess and ccmcunica.te any unau-tran.Sl!Ol"'.S 1:ly deceit~ the follow-thonzed ~~ !nto the Vicmitr ot Inc subsystei:c.s and mc!unc~ons:
stntesic Slledal nuclear i::ucertal or
.m Authortzat!oa control.sand ;,roce-penecration ot cvio compartments or dures to provide current schedules !or authorized removal ot strateaie s;,eetal nuclear material wb.ic:ll JPecifY the person., author.zed to :-emove :md ~
ceive the material. the author.zed.
times tor such removal and receipt
~~~~md author'.zed pl.aces tor sucb. ren:ov-al and receipt.~~~~
Removal coatrola and* proeedur!S to establish removal procedures tor tramtemna cario in eme~enc7 s1eua-t1ons: and Clll> Removal controLs and ;,roca-dures to perm.it :-emoval of strateiie si,edal nuclear ::acerial onl3' alter ver*
1!1cat1011 of the indmtit:, of ;ie?'!oa.s re-mov+.ll&' or receivmi the si:ratelic si,e-dal nuclear :naterial. and the identity and !ntei?'ity of t."le itratecic s;,ecial nuclear material.l:>etns removed !roci tn.l:J.sl)orta.
<~> :ceteet: attem;:ts to remov-e strate-
~c si,eetal nuclesr mater13.l trom transports by stealth or force ustns the !0Uowf.c1 subsystems and.sub.C-..u:.c*
tions:
m Transport festuns to de!a.y w::au*
thortzed stratesic spec-..al nucle:u-ma.
tenal removal attempt.a su!Ccent to asaist detection and ;,ermit a response to prevent the theft of stratelic SJ;e-da.l nuclear material: and Cil) Detection sut:systems ar!d -:,roe~
duns to detect. a.sses-3 and comcw::tl*
cau any atte:.:,ts at um.uthortzed re-moval of stratestc special aucle::i.r ma-ter'..&! so that ~oa.se to the artempt can be sue.!:1 as to prevent the remov:u theft of scn.telie specia.l :iuclear i::ute-rial.
<d> Resi:ond to satelU&l':!s contin*
iencies and emergencies t~
tbt t!le two cagaoWties ;i&r"&Cn-Phs
and Cc> of this section are 3.Chi.eved:.
and to e?i~e &.-id 1.mpece ad*,ersar.,
forces until local law enforcement
!orces arrive. To achieve t.'tis e&E:3.llill*
ty, the pb.ysical protection system
$hall:
Cl) Respond rapidly and ef!ecc.veu-to satesuard,s conwi1e::c1es and ecer-iiencte:s ~
the tollo~ sumntem.s and sui:ltur.cdons:
<1> A secl.!l"it7 orT,IJliZ:ition coc;,osed of trai:!ed a.ad ~ualilled ;,enoD!lel. i:1*
c:!udlnS :umed ~r-.a. one of -:irbom !.3 desii::ated as escort commaccier. -:nth
. ;:r~~ !or com.cand 3Jld !:0C.t?'01.
to e:,:ec-.ite responae !w:c-J.oc.s.
Cll> Assessment prceedu.~ to ;..'"!esa the catu.~ and ext:ent of sec-.:..-tt; re-12.ted lnddenb.
~~~~<ill> A ;s:iredeter.:tlned :,Ian to re-si,ond to sa.tesua,rds con~ene7 event&~~~~
<iv> Equi;:!:lent and ;,rociduns to enable res;o::ses :o secunt:, related tn*
el.dents su!!!c1ent17 r"3.Pid and ef!~..!*:e to acl:lieve t!le ::,redeter:nined objective ot eactl ac:ion.
<v> ~Uipment...-ehicle design :~a.-
tures. and,~uns to !lrotec,; seeu-rity 0173.r.ization ;::erson:1e!.. inc!'.ld!ns those a, t!le m::iveme!lt control cen:er.
PGRAi. IIGIST!JI. VCL 43. HO. l~WTI)HISD.A't', AUGUST 9, 1978 i
ll1 tnea penor:r..ance ot ~enc-
. and response related !unctions.
~~~~<2> ~T:aa.smit detection. asses:ro1ent and other response related lnforma-~~~~
..tion ~
the !ollowtng subsystems and sub!unetioos:
m Communicatiom equipment and procedures to rapidly and accurately.
transmit security lnformation among arn:i.ed escoru.
cm Equipmenc and* procedures !or two-way communicat!ons between t!le escor,; commander and the movement control" center to.-apidly and accunte-.
ly transmit. a.ssessment information 1nd requests !or a.ssistanre 'by local la.w en!oreement forces. and co coordi-nate such asst.stance.
Ctii) Communi~tions equipment and procedures !or the armed escorts and the movement contrcl center person-nel to notify loeal law enforcement forc~s of the need for asst.stance.
<3> Establi.sh liaisons with local law enforcement authorities to arra.nie !or a.ssistance enroute.
Col> A.ssllre tha.t a single advers3.r7 action cannot destroy the capability or armed escorts to aoci!y the local law en!orei!ment forces o! the aeed !or a,s..
sistan~.
§ 73.:s Transportation phy5ical protfftion
~r,tems. subsr,tems. elements l:'Dmpt,-
nents. and. pro<<duru.
C:i)."\\ t~orta.tion ;,hysiC3.l ;:,rot~-
tion system estaoUshed pursuant to the general performance r~uinment.1 o{ ~ 73.20 :i.nd performance cai,abilit7 requirements of § 73.15 shall include.
but a.re not necessarll7 llmited to, the measures speci!led !n pa.ragnph!s <~>
through Cl> ot this section. The Com-
~~~~r.ission ma:1 require. depcmdmg on t.he indiViduaJ transportation conditiccs or circumstances. alternate or additional mea.suns deemed neces.sa.ry to meet~~~~
<:he reneral pedorma.nce requirements o! } Ta.20. The Commission a.I.so may au~hotize protection measures other than those require-i by tl:tis section i1 in its opinion the *Jverall level *o! per*
for.nance m~~ the ie!ler:il ;,erform*
a.nee ~uire:nenr.s of § 73.20 and the
~~~~,ertormance ca.paoilit1 requirements of I 73.25.~~~~
Cb) Pwmi.ng a.nd scheduling.
< U Shipments shall 'be scheduled to avoid !'eguiar ;,atterns a:id pn!;,la:med to a.void area.s cf natural disaster or*
civil dlsorder.s, such 2.S strikes or rlots.
Such sl:upments sha.ll be planned in order to avoid storage times in excess of 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months and to ~
tha~ deliv-eries occur at a time when the ~iver at the ~
delivery ~oizlt is present to accept the shipment.
<2> ~ements shall be made with law en!o~ment authorities along the route of shipments for their res;x;ase to an emergency or a call !or 3.$.Si.st.-
a.nce.
C3l r*or a.n1 sertes o! shipments ot strategic s;,ecial nuclear ma.tertal *by a licensee to the same consignee in which individual shipments are la, than the ciuantiti~ requiring physical protection In transit unc.er 10 ~
73.lCbl<Z>. but the total quantity !or.
the series e:tceeds the !orm'ul.a ciuwtt-ty o! strateiic special nuclear material the licensee shall con!1.rm and lor the arrt..-al a.t the final destination ot each sb.iQcen~ in the series before relea.:.ing the subsequent shipment.
C 4> Sec-..irity a.r?"&ngements !or ea.cb.
shipment shall be approved by the Nu*
clear Regulacoey Commission prior to
.the :ime !or the seven da7 no,:~ re-c quired l)y § 73. 72. Iclorniation to be supplied to t.he Cum.mission in acid.I*
tion to the general security ;ila.n i:l!or-mation ls a., follows:

~~~~Shipper, cor.stgnee,~~~~
~~~~carriers, tran.s!er pain~ m~ o! shipment; Cil) Point where !$COl'tS will relin-quish res;>onsibillty or wl.!l accep~ re.~~~~
sponsibillty for the shipment; (ill} Arrangements made !or t..-:ins.fer
.of shipment security; and
<iv) Seeurity a.naagement.s at :,oint where esco?'"'..s accept respcnsiblllty !er M lm;:orrsilipcent.
~~Hand-to-hand rece!;:,ts shall 'be completed at origin a.nd destlr.a:ion and at a.ll points en.route wt.ere there is a :::-an.ster o! C'..l.Stody.~~
~~<c> E:c;>ort/import shl~ment.s.~~
~~Cl> A licensee who im:,orts for.nu.la quantities ot sn-:i.tegic spedal nuc:lear material shall m:ike arranget:1ents to assure tha:. such material will 'oe ~ro-tected !.n tra.nsit as follows:~~
~~An incividu:il dest5r0ated by the licensee or h.is agent. or as spec!!!ed by~~
~~~~~~a. cont.-act o! ca.rr:age. s~all cor.flrm the container count a.cd e:umtne leeks a.c.d/ o!" seals !or evidence of tam::e!"-~~~~~~
~. at the first ;ilace ih the Coi:ed Sta.:es at whicll the shipment is da-cha..-ged !or the a.'Ti*~ earner.
<ID Toe shipment shall be protected at a.i.l tunes Within the ieoanphicaJ.
li.mil:3 of ~he tioited States as prov'lded in th.Ls sect'.on and H 73.25 a.nd 73.21.
C:?> A licensee -:vco e~::or..3 tormula quantiti~ of strategic speei3.l nucleY mauri.al shall con:i;>ly With :he re-qwrements o! tl:is sec~icn and j§ 73.25 md 73.27. :i.s applicable. up co the ttr.st point whe:e :he shipment i., ~en c!!
the tr.µ:s~ort outside the United States.
(d) Security organization.
< l> The licensee or his agent shall ~
ta~l.ish a tra.os;iortatton Stt'.irity O?T-1*
niz:ltion...
~~~~~~includin~ armed escorts.~~~~~~
a?med response persoll!lel or !Uards.
and. a movement control center manned and equipped to monitor and cont..'"Ol s.b.ipments. to commumcate with local law en!orcement authori-ties, and to respond to sa!egua:-d.s con-
., timr~cies. All individuals enga,r-d in the protection. ot a shipment, incll:d-in~ ar::ned ~orts. armed res;iocse per-son!let. e!n;:,loyees o! the licensee or his agent who a.company the ship-ment. and the oi:ierators in the r:io.*e-ment cont:-ol center shall have a.n
NRC or DOE mate!'".al access aut~ori*
zation. 1
( 2) At least one !ull tune ::ne!!ll::er ol the security orsa.+/-2.cion ?,!:'lo :ia.s the authority to dire<:t r.he ph:nica.l pro-tection a.ctivities ol t~e security orga-aizatioo shall be on duty at the ::nove-ment control ce!lter duri:Ig the course o! any shipment.
<3> Toe licensee or his agent shall~
tablisn. maincai!l. a.-id follow a 02.:t*
agt!!ment system to ;:rovide !or the de-velopment. re\\*isio.n. iz:l;,leeen:a.:ion.
and eruo~??:ent.Jf i:r:ui.s;:iorratii:m pa7sical ;,rcte!:tion procedures. The system shall include:
m Written security pro~dures which document the structure of the tnc.sport:u;on security oriamzat;oc.
a.nd wb.!ch detail the du!ies of drivers ai::d e5eor-..s l.Ild other l.ndividu3.ls re-sponsible for sec1.L.'1t:;. md CU> P::oYision for written a;ip:-tw:l! o!
such procedures lf.nd any re\\isiocs t!:ereto by the ~<il'."idual ~th o*,erail re-pons!billty :cir tlle security func:!on.
Ci) Neither the licensee or h.i3 ~enc shall per.rut a.n indhidual to :i.ct 3.S a.::i escort or other securit7 organization oe!Ilbe!" unless such i:ldivtdual ha.s l:ee:i trained. ~ui;:;ied. and quaillied to ~e:-!orm each assigned se.c:.irity job duty in accordance ;n:h :i:ppencl."'t B.
of this pa.rt., "C-ene:.-al C:-ic~rta. !or Se-curity ?e!"Sonner* co be ;,ubU.shed soon 3.S :in effective rule. 'Ci;,on r;he request of :m author.zed :-epresencati~*e of the C~mmi.:.,ion the licer.see or h!s a.~en~
s~:ill dea:onstr:i.ce the :u>ilit7 o! c.ce physical sec-..lrit:; perso.c...--iel co c:in-y out ~heir assigned dut:eS acd ~-;:onsi-billttes. A.--med -?SC0?"'-3 shall :-equ.ili!y
.!.:l acc~~ce e:ntt. A~;ier.di:i: B of fai.s part at le2.St eve:,- 12 z::i.cm.:::.S. 31:.ch re*
quaJ.i!lcactcn shall ~ dc-c-..!lllencec..
(e> Cont'.nge::c7 and :e.s;:onse ;,la!:3 and proced:.:r~.
( l l ~e !ice.rus~ or h~ :=;~e!!t.;b..1..J es-ta!:~.b.. main ta.in. 2.e d !cllow a. 3a! e-ruar:::s contin~ency ;>lac. for d~
Tith threats. thetts, and r-ac.iclc\\t'.cal sabotage related ta stn.tagic.;;:~:al nucleu m~tertal.!.:l transit 3Ubject i:o ttle ~roV1.Sior.3 ot this *section..Sue!:
sa.teguard.s ~nt!nie::cy ;,u.n snail te ill accord.a!lce With the cr.te!"'.a !.:l :ip*
~entii,c C ~o t:us pa.-t. '"Llce:isee 5.1..:e-g,.iards Cont!.niet:.cy Plan" ( -.3 FE llS62>.
( 2> O';:on detection o! :!.bno.?:1al,~-
e:nce or activit7 o! ~rsom or *te!':.t::!es
.utemi;,ting to ;:e.c.ecrate
a.
O.O\\~g
'P:-Q9QSed a:er.cil:I:ents requir'~ ~c
~~~~~~atertal. a.uthcnzatlon ;:,ror.:u::,. for '..:cer-.see~~~~~~
~
~o or ::ontTol over. ;:ect3.l :::t!.!cieu =:a,.
tU'i~ <SEC"l-iS-.308> we~ ;::ut:Usi:e-::i '.!3 3.
,reposed rule on ~ch 17. 1977 <-U FR Haso,.u

d were dl..c=ed i."l 3, ;:iubUc: !':.e:u-
!:i oa July ~o. Il *.nd l :?. lS'i3.
35330 l'tOPOSII> RUW convo:, or persons anem:itms to pin law emorcement ~enetes and ':rith meat used pursuant to this section accesa to a. parked ca.no vehicle or the shipment
~~~~~~moveme11t contr0l wl:lil:11 shall !nclude the !ollowtns:~~~~~~
ui,on evidence or indication of i;,ene-cen!l!r. ne commander sh&ll c=i.ll ~e
<l> Test.I and inspec:t1on.s shall be trat!on of tlle car,ro vellicle Clle armed remote location at lea.st. eve.7 3Q min*
conduc:uid durinl the installation. and escorts or other armed response Pff*
utes to report th& swu.s ot the ship.
comtruct1on of.:,b)°3ical protection re-sounel sha.11:
mmt. U th& caJl.s are not receive<i lated suosynema and compcnect:s to (1) Determine wbether or not a.
wit.ll!n the prescribed tim~ tlle person*
asmre that the:, comply with their N-thre:u: emu:
nel La. Clle remote-location sha.11 re-spective-d~ criteria. and _ier!orm*
Clll.uaess the extent o! the threst.
quest a.ssista.nce !ram the law enforce-a.ace s;,ecificaticm.s.
if anr.
mem authorities. notifT the sh!;,meat
<2> Preoperai;ional t~..s and lmilec:*
<111>
Take immedia.Ce concur.~t movement control center and initiate t1cms shall be ccnducUd !or ph.,sical me~-ures to neutr:Ll.iZe the. threat br.
the appro;,r.aw coueicsencY' pla.m. ~tection related suoa:,scema acd
<c> ~Ir the neces.sarJ' tactical Ar:ned !SCOrta or other aimed person-components to demomusce the:r et-.
moves to preveat or !mpede acts of :-s-nei shall obserre the open!ns of the Ceem-enesa. a.vailaaWt7. and reli:lk:Wty diolollic:al sa.boca1e or the!t of mate-ca,rzo compartment of the tDc:omiDS
~~~~~~Tith resp~ to their res;,ective design lie special :uclear m.:Lta.rtal. and cr.msport and !mure that Che ship-criteria a.::.d ~orma.cce apeci!lc:a-~~~~~~
Info~ loeal la.w e.c!orcement men, Is complete by ch~ locks Cions.
a,e_nctes ol Clle threat and r~uawi.c acd sea!s. A shipment lo~ onto or C3> Open.clonal ta" and lm&:eetioc.s a&SLStance.
transferred to another tra.-ispor: s.'all shall be condtw..ed tor ph)"3ical grotec-
<3> The licensee or his 3-ent s~alI ln* ' be checked to assure compl.?te !oacilns tton r-..l&ted subsystezi:s and cor:ipc-struct every armed escort. a.:id all or trans:er. ContJr.uous visual sur7eil*
cents to assure their msinten:uice tn
~ed r~ome s:ersonnel to :,:event lance of Che eario compartment sha.U an oi:e~le and ef!ectin condition.
or ~i:~e :i.ccs of racliolort~ :Sabotaie be maintained up to the tu:e the
<4> Prr.entive maintena.::ce pn>
or. tmut ot m-a.telic spec-~ mater'.a.l.
transport departs !:om the terminal.
irams shall be eswllshed !or ph.,--sical i,y i;smc suUlden: t~rce to counur The escort.s shall otlserff ~ ~
~~~~~~in,teetlon re~ted~~~~~~
~~~~~~subsynecs and the.orce di.'"eeted a.. him includin1-the pon unt11* lt baa departed and shall cmn:,onects to a.ssure theU' continued~~~~~~
~
of deadl7 !oree when 3.l'Dled es-not1!7 the 11cemff or Ci.I a,-ent ot t!le maintenance In an operaole-a.:id e!!ec*
con.s Ot" a.-:ned res;iome
~~~~~~penotmel have a reasonable beUef that.i, Is i:ec-~~~~~~
!ates: statUS immedfatel7 ~ereut.er.
tl.ve condition.
essU7 In 1elf-defense or !n the de!~
<cl Access control subsystems and
<5) All pbnieal protection rel~ted ot ocbers.
procedures.
m~ems :md compone:its sha.11 be
<!> Tramter and storar-o! stn.tesfc
Stra.Ulic special-:iuc.'ear mate:1al custody ol a sh!;:ment. ne lde:itific:3,-
3.Cd employed to assure that the l!f!~-
ihall be placed ln a prot.ected are& at tion. ;irccedure sllall require that t::e tiveness of t."le ::n,-siw ;uoteetioc transte:- pof::u If t?""...csfer Is not i.mme-mdindual who ha.s ~en_ ot :h.! system is not redl.!ced =~ any sinde diate !rom onet tr:i::s;;art io mother.
stnLteiie ~ecial nuclesr mater.al SM~
!3ilure or other contiaie:ic!~ at!ect,,,
Where a protected ~
15-not anwr.*
have. La. advance. 1denti.ft~tlo:i ;,tct'.ire ln( tbe opoerat!on of tl:e i;,h13ic&l :,ro-ble a. controlled aceesa :u!!2. s."1all 'be es- ~
o! _all !ndr:fduals -:vho a.re to t<<tion related equipmez. or suuc*
tacl!.lhed !or the shipment. The tnm- ~e ctiatod:, !or the shipmen~~ tures.
~~~~~~,art.na,- serve as a. c:cntrolled 3.CCesS shipment shall 'be releuecl onl7 when ce> The tr:u:sportation sec:u.."ity pro-ar.-s.~~~~~~
the Individual who ~
poaalfoa of mm shall !:le revie'lred at lea.n every
<"2> All tram!ers shall ~ i;,roU!Cted stratectc si,ec1&1 nuclear C'la.ter'.al ~ 12 moct!:s or ;:r101' to each u.se. whic!l-b:, ac lea.st nine armed esccrts or other aa.sund poaWve 1cientWca.tfon ot all o!
ever Is ~a~r. by i.ndi-:iduals !nae-a.rmed personnel-one of whom shall the persons a.ssum!n~ custody !or the pendent o! both security ~e!lle.cc ser\\"e :,,,s conu::ander. At lea.st ~even ot shi:,ment, by compa.rtn1 the copies ot and sec:i..rtty sw.,e~n. Such a the armed personnel clnclcd1nc tl:!e the ldent!fication bqes_ tha.t he~ review s.aa.!l !nclude a. revte-:. and audit COmm3.Dder> 3."lall ~ ~nllable to pro,,.
receiftd La. acnnce to !den~t.on al secu."'ltY ;)MCeciures and ;3n.c:tices.
tee: tl:le s111;,menc md at less: three ot badse:t that thtt lndivtd~ who will e-nl.l:.M.ion cf :he-e!fec:t!ve:ies.1 ot tile the seve:i shall k!ep t..'le stratecic:.spe-asaume custody of the shipment carry.
ph:;si.::ll ;:iroteet!on s:5tem. an &udit of cia.l :iuc:!ear m.ater'.a.l under continuous C:!).Access to proucted 3.?'!!3.S. con*
the ;ihJlical ;,rote<:tian u-stem testi.'"l.i sur-:eilla:tce whil~ :t !s &C :he tnmter trolled access a..rea.s. ~r"~ !SCOrt and !lllWlt~-iacc. :,rcinm,. a..id a.n point.. The t..o recai::inir armed per*
vehicles. airc:nut. rail ~
and con-audit ot c:un::ut::ent.t e:staoi!she-j tor scnnel shall we up pcsittom at a tainers where ~c s;:<<w nuc!e:i.r resgo!I.Sc! b1.ccal law en!orcemenr. au-remote mcnitor.ns
~ocation.
Tha material !a coetai:led.$h:P.ll be limited thorittes. r.:i.e resul~ oi the Mvtew remote ?oc:it!on. may be a. ndio-to ll1divtduala autherized access :.>
a.nd :wd;t alone ~th :ecomm~nca-
~t!!pped vehicle or a 1:!.~J pla.ce.
these area.a. attu uar ~ve 1:leen prop,,
tion.s !or icprove:ent.1 !::all "be doc-.1-
~~~~~~ii:art !rem th~ 31:1.i~ent :JnS. so that erl7 !dectif!ed.~~~~~~
men?.ed. re-;orted to the res;;:o!l.S!ble a smile 3.Ct cannot ~move me ca.pa.bll*
<3l Stntes1C :;pedal 11acle:1: ~te1'1al orz,,cization ma.na;eme:ic. a.:id ~e;n it-:, ot the pe:-socnel protectine the shall be sh!:ped 1n conta.mers that ate av:.llable for lJt.spection !or a ;:ertoci of shipmen, tor calllnr* !or uaista.nce.
protected bJ ta::::J,per*illdicatinir seal3.
f!ve re:u-:s.
Eac!1 of the nine armed escor"..s or T?\\e conta.lne.."S also shall be locked I!
m Shipment by road.
other armed penonnel shall "be e:L;>..
the, are not iD mother loc?ked coll*
<1> A detailed route pian sh.all :e
~le of -a.inta.intn1 commwllcat1ou tamer or ~art. The outermOG prepa,red Ttlicb. maws :he routes ~ b<!
with each other. The com:n:i.nder sbJl couta1nff or u-am;:ort also shall be tuen. the re!ueiln~ and rest stops.
nave the capability to commimic:ite proceeted. by tamper-indica.tms se&Ls.
and the call*in times co the move:?:er.t wttll tll* personnel &C the remote loca-Ch> Tm and ?namtenaace !:'lrocrams.
control cen:er. All 3tliJ>ment.s sha.!l oe t!On 3..ad 71th toc:u t&.r en!oree:nmt The Ucemee or his a.amt sha.il estao-made i,r >>r1ma.l7 ::Uill,w:1.1s with ::.l..'li-acencies for e=ier,r!?lCl' a.1S'.Jtance. !!l lmb. maintain and !ollow a r.est and mum *.2e,:,l !eco~"7 rcacs. All.;tip..
adciit1011 the armed escor.:s,enonnel ma.intei:anee ~
!oc-communic:3,-
m.encs shall be !l:l:ll:ie.ntbout !nterm.e-u the remote location sh.all have the
~~~~~~t!om equipmeni;. and other Phnlcal dla.te stops.except for ~!uei.i:lr. rest vr ca;:aoWt:, to communicate witb. t.t:e~~~~~~
~~~~~~,roteetion rewed devtca and e<iuiP-eceriency sto-ps.~~~~~~
IIIDRAL UGU'r'd. VCL 43. NC. l.!4-WICHE.5:>Al', AUGUST 9, 1971
c2, ~
compartments of the at?'Cl"!.!t ln exc~ of m 20 iT'3,mS or zo truclcs or trailers.shall ce locked az::d curies, whiche*1e.r-13 less. o! i::lutonium protected 01 tam~er-indlcatinl seals.
or unmum-233, or CU> 3~0 in.ms ot.
<3> 1'he shi~ment shall be protected u..-a:uu.m-235 (contained in uranium by one of the tollo~.ns methods:
enrtehed to 20 perc~ut or more in the m A.specially des~ed ~o vehicle U-233 isocope>.
truck or trailer that reduces the vul-
<2>.-ui shipments on commerct.a.J.
nen.bWty to the!t. Oesi111 features of ~o aire?':J.!t shall !:le accompanied by the truck or trailer shall germit immo-two ar:c:ed escor+.$ who lhall be a.ale to bWzation of the truc!t or ot the ~o-converse in a common !a.na-.1are With car?'Yin8 ;iortion ol the vehicle and the capta!n o! tt.e at.~.
shall ::,rovtde a deterrent to physical
<3> Tnmters ol these.shi;:menta
~enetn.tion of the car-so compart-shall be rntnlrniz""1 and shall be con-ment. Two sepa.r:ite escort vehicles ducted l:1 accords.nee With pan.cni:,h shall accomi:,a.ny the CU%O ve.cucie. * <n of th.is section. Such shipments There shall be a. total of nine arced sl:lall be scheduled 30 that the strate-escorts with at least two in the carso
~c sPec:ial nuclear material i3 loaded vehic!e. E:icorts may al.so operate the l&si: and unloaded tine.
carro and escort vehicles.
Cf) At scheduled rte~. at least nine cm An armored car cargo vehicle.
armed escort.a or other a.-med "erson-Three.separate escort vehicles shall nel shall be-available to ?rotect the ac:compa.ny such a cargo vehic!e.
shipment and at lea.st three a.rmed es-There shall be a. t()tal of nine armed com or other armed _personnel.shall
~r..s. with at least ~o In the carzo maintain conttnuou.s rtsual SU..'P'\\"eil*
vehicle. EKoru may also o~r3.ta !.he la.."'lce of the cario compartment.
carso and escort *:ehlcles.
<5> Export shipments shall be 3C*
(4) All ~ort vehicles.shall 1:Je bullet-companied by two-armed escor.s from reststini..
the ia.st terminal !n the* United Stat~
(5> ~ures shall be estalllli!hed cncU the shii,ment l.s unloaded at a to a.55U.."e that no unauthorl%ed per-. !oreil?l terminal and prime ?ff;IODsi*
sor.s or mater.als a.re on the ~
ve-bWtr !or poysic:3.l ;:,rot-eetion !:I a.s-h!cle be!ol'9 st.-ateitc s;,ecilLl nuc!etr suced by a,ents of U1e consi~ee.
material Ls loaded. or on the escort ve-Wl".ile on foreign soiL the ~corts ms7 hicles. immediately be!ore the tri.>
sur.ender their weapor.s to legally bqim.
coi::.nttuted local authorities..-Uter
<6> C~o and escort vehicles.shall
!eavtng the last t~l In the United
~~~~~~nainta.ln continuous intr.leonvo1 two-States the shi;>menc shall be sc~ed-way communication. In acditton at uled With no intermediate stops.~~~~~~
least twa of the *;ehicles shall l:e
<6> ~ort shipments sn3ll be sc-equii:,ped..-!th r:idio tt'lephones l:avtns co1:1par.ied 01 two armed escol"'.s at all the ca.;,acilit7 of communicatl.nz mth times -:.-tthin the ie~phics.l Um.its ~t the movement control center..1/4. :edun-the United States. These esco~-3 shall dant meaz:s ')f eommunica::!on shall
~~~~~~ovtde phySlcal protection for the also be a~ble. Calls to the mo~~~~~~~
~~~~~~shi::,ment until relieved by ver.!!ed ment control center 3ha!l be ~de :it a~ent3 of the. U.S. COn.sii?lte.~~~~~~
~~~~~~east every blf hour to con,;-ey t..~~~~~~~
(il P?ocedures shall be estacllihed status and ::,osition of the shipment.
to assure that no *unauthorized ~r-L'l the ever:.t no call ts ~eived in t\\C*
soe& or mater.al are on the :i.ire:'a!t cordance 1:V'ith th~e ?'equirement.s. the
'be!ore :rtr:iterte special nuclear c.ateri-llce?l.Sff or his arent shall 1mmediate!1' al is :oaded on 'board.
notify the law en!oreement authorit!es
!8) -~r~ment.s shall be ::iade at and the a;propr.a.te ~uc!ea: Reeu!,a-all do:es:ic UQorts to 3.SSu.--e ~h3.t :he
~~~~~~or., Cocmi.ssion Inspection :ir.d Zn-rune r-ec;ui..-ad ar:ced escort..s or ot!:er forceme::it Rer:oc.al OU!ce Usted in a;:-~~~~~~
a..-:::.ed ;:e.rsancel are available 'UJ.d.-
,endlx A of this par. a.-id i.?litiate the tha, ~e required security measures appropriate eontina'ency pla.n.
will 'oe taken upon l&nd.lnl'.
<T> At relueling. rut. or eoe:venq
'9>.:\\rranlementa shall 'be made at stos:s ai: lea.st nine arm~ escort3 or the tor-.1111 ter.nir.al a.t which the other a.r:ned ;,e."SOnr.el s.h3.ll be anila-
.shi;:ment is to be unloaded ~o assure
'ble to protect the shipment and at that securit1 cieasures will ce tuen lea.st three ar:ned esc:or"ts or other on l..~val.
~~~~~~ir:ned personnel sh3.ll maintain. con-Go Shipment o:, Rail.~~~~~~
tinuous visu3.l surreillallce of the cf.>.1/4. shi~ment by rail shall be es-cano compartment.
CO?'"'~ 01 nine.armed escorts ln the
<8> Tramte?'3 to and from other shipment ca: or an escort car ne:tt co modes of transportatlon shall be in a.c-the ~;:,ment car of th* ~
~~~~~~At lea..t cordance 71th ;:arairaph c.t> ol this three esc:rirr.s shall kee:, the shipme!?t section.~~~~~~
car under continuous vt.sual s~eil*
<J> Shipment by Air.
lance. Escorts shall detra.in at sto~s
< 1> Except a.s.speci!!cally approved when ;:ract1cable and time ~er=its to by the Nuclear Regi.tlatory Comm.!.s-
?Uailltain ':he s.b.ii,ment cars under con-
.non. no shipment o! s;,ecial nuclear tinuous vL-ual sur.-eWance and to material mall be made In Pa.53etiaer check car or container locks and seals.
<2> ~
sha.U oe established to aMUre that. no unauthorized -per*
sons or materials a.re on :he sl"Jpn:eae or :!SCOrt car be!ore s.:ntei".c si:,eci&.I nuclear mater.al ~ loaded on 1;:Joard.
<3> Only containers weial".ing 5,000 tbs or more shall ~ si::lip~ed on open rail ca.~
<4>*-~ vol.ce cocouni~tion C3.pabllit7 betw~n the esco~... and the c.ove-ment control center sl:u.il l:>e ma.in-tained.., redunda:t mea=s of continu-ous CCmmuniC3.t!On al.:so shall be &Vail*
able.. Ca.ll.J to the movement cont..wol cen:er shall be made ai: lea.st* eve:y half hour to con\\'ey :he ~t~ a::d po--
sit!on ot the 3tlipme:ct. In che e,*ent no C3.ll ts received in 3.CCorda.nce with these ~1.!.iremene& the Heer.see or his a.e!!t 3hall immedlai:ely notify the law enforcement authorities and the sp,-
~~~~~~,ropti&te N'uc!ear Reculatory-Com-~~~~~~
~~~~~~~ton Rt'i'ionsi Of!lce li.sted in ap-~~~~~~
~~~~~~er.cilX A of this ;>art ~d i.a.l.tia.ee their con.c-.n~nc,- ;,lan.~~~~~~
C5>
Tr-3.."JSte:.-
to and from other.
~~~~~~iodes of t..--ans;,o~..a.tion shall lle in a.c-cor::w:ce wt:!l ~~;,h <!) of th.is section.~~~~~~
m Shlpme1:1t 01 Sea Cl> Shi;,ments shall be made ociy on contai."1e?'-1ru;:,s. ~e.stratez-ie speeia.1 nuclear mater.al contalner(s) shall ~
loaded Into e!tclu.sive use ~
con-taine!'3 conform.ins to A.-:erctan ~a-tiona.l Standa.:*ds Institute
<ANS!)
~S.1 or Intemattorw Stardands Or*
i3-"lization <ISOl 1496. I..ocics :i..-:d seals shaa oe tl:sl:,ected er the escor+-3 when-ever accus !.s ;:o~ible.
c :Z>.-ui shipments shall be accom;,~-
n.ied 01 two a.reed escorts ~.-b.o shall be c1ble co com*erse in a. com.'?lon ~an-T.Iaie '#1th the captain ot :Ile ship.
C3> Mi:1.i.mu:n domestic ;::or-..s of C3.ll shall 1:Je sc::eduled and there shall be t:o scheduled tr:UlS!er to other v~l.3 after Ule shi'P?llent,eaves the la.st s:or:
!.:1 the Ucited St;ues. Trar.ster to a.net
!~m other codes of tra..,sportat~on sr.ail l::e i.:l 3.CCo?'dlUlce With ;;ar.llil'3.~h m ot this section.
(4lAt all ;;o~..s ol call t!':e ~,CCOrt3 shall izu,.:re :lU, the sl"J;;nn~nc is :ice rem.av~ At le:1.St two UI:ll!d ~sccrts or oc.~er umed ;;ersonnel shall.:aintai.:l conttnous *,uual sur-,"eiilance of ~he ca..'"iO ~ea 'li'here :toe contaL."'ler i3 r..o:ed a? to the ti:ce the sru;> de;,a..-..1.
<5> E:tpor"t 5hi~ment shall be :ieco:n-pa.nied ~1' ~o arn:ed !sco~..s !-:-om the last 00r"t In the Ur-..i:ed Sta.tes :.mtil ~!le shipment !s un!oaded at 3. !orei_~ ~~?'*
nina1 3nd ;,r:me r-es~mibillt7 !or-ph13ical prot~tion i3 assumed by a~ents of :te con.si~H. While on !or*
eir.i soil. the escor.s oa7 surrenc.er-their -:;-eapons to le~ cons:ituted local authorities.
{ 5> I::is:o~ s.h!p~en~ shall te '3.C*
com::,a.r.ied by t-;vo :irmed escort.s ::i.t loll times wtthin the ~iT'SPhica.i !lr.:tits of the United St:ites. These escor..s sh.all Ft!)O>J. UGlr.!I.. VQL 4 NO. !$4-~HISDA'f. AUGUST 9, 197!
~332 PKCP0SiD IUUS DrOYide PhJsical. im,tec:don far the putment of Enerv U~:zampt area mt?? control points and to deb,:.
shipment w:idl relleftd by verified
~~~~~~contractor !s the com1oee. the, Ucem.~~~~~~
~~~~~~&n7 w:wuhor.zed penecn.t1011 at-acmta of the U.S. comtsnee.~~~~~~
ee who la the comtccot sh:IJl 00t1!7 by tempts by penom or mate.rtals su!!l*
<Tl Ship.too.hon c:ommanicatiom telepbone and telesrapb. ar telet?Pe,.
dent to assist deiecttcm and ;:,ermit a shall i,. availatlte, and & sllip-to-ahatt the Otreetor ot the ac,prcpnate Nude-response that wtll prevent the-J)ene-contact sl:1all be made ever,- 8 llour.s to ar Re1U1ator7 Commission I.l:l.s;lection tr:u1on: and n1&1 poaition ln!ormatilm. and th* and Eniorcement Rectoa.al OU1ce
<ll> Access detection subsystems and status of the shipment.
Ustltd In ac,pe1\\d1% A of the amT&l of procedures to deteet. UMsa and com*
<8> Azn.z11ementa shall i,. made a.t tl:1e shipmen& ar. its destmation Imme-
,._.... --~
the foret,n ter:nillals at ':.cich the dia.tely upon beina ::10d!led of th* re- :::=;: :3' =--~ ~to:
shipment Is to be unloaded to a.saure cetpt o! the shipment by the Ucense-the time of the attempt so that a. r.
that security mea.mres Will be t&km uemp~ cantrac:or u ananaed punu-SP.Om** caa prennc the lm&Uthori:zed Ul'OZ1 a.rrival.
ant to paracn.ph C&)(3) of Chia seedoa... accaa or pmetr&tioa.
In the ffC~ such & shipment !ails to
~
f '3-'"2'. Nodftcadoa l'lqllinmata.
a.rriH ult.-- destmadoa u the~
<*> ~etect cttemots to pm unau-C&> (1) A Ucemee vho delivers faz.
ed ~
or ID. the cue ot an export ~~~
0~~~a.u=-
nula qu.:uititia ol sin~ special UU*
sh!;,mea~- the Ucemee who uPOrceci areu or Tttal anu by deceit,...,_ the-i:!ear :nate1ial to & carrier tor tram--
the m!l:mmt.
sb&ll immedl&te!T 1 11 Port ah&ll lmmedi.stel7 nocUy- :he con*
nottty by talepl:ioue and telesn,;,h or tfo~wtns subal"Stems and $ubiunc-siinee by telephon~ tel~b. or tele-teletTI,e. the Director of the ac,prcprt-
<l> Acceu author.zat!on cont?'ols and tn,e, of tha ttme of departure of the ate Nuclear Reswatol')' Commiulon procedures to provtde current authort-shipment. and shall notitJ' or confirm
?Dspection and En!oreement Resica.al With the ccmsisnee the met!lod of Offlce listed ID. appendl.z A of this zation schedules and eatr,- ~ria !or tram;>ortadon, lncludlns the names '>f Part. :md the Ucemee or other penoa 00th persons and macertaJ.,; and camen. and the esttmatad time of ar-who delivered the mater.al to a curter
<ill Entr7 ecncroLs and Procedures to rin.l of the shipment a~ ita destim.-
for ~- The llcen.see who made Vfti!J' the !dent1t,- of persons and ma.-
tion. <%> In the c:1.Se of a shipmem the P1Us1cal protection &rnZ1&ement.11 tert.al.t and auesa SUCh Identity a.pJmt
<.t.o.b.> the point wbere lt ls delivered shall al.lo immediately nod!7 b7 '4!le-. current authortuttoa schedules and to a earner !or tramPGtt. a llcemee phcmAt and telecrapb. or teletJ'l)e. the mtry c:rtter'.a l)efore- :>ermittin8 mtr7 shall. l)e!ore the sbipment la delivered Oinctor o! the ac,proprtate.Nuclear and to initiate l'eS'POCH meuures to to the carrier. obtain wrttten.certWca-Resulato?7 Cnmrninian l:lapectlou ~
unauthorized mtr1es.
tion from the Uc:emee who l.s to take m4 En!on:mient ~oa&l Ott:ce
<e> Permit oul7 autholized actinties dallver7 ot the sbipment ar. the !.o.b.
Usced In appmdix A ol the action and condltions Within protected area.s.
point that the physic:al ;,rcteetlon &r*
l)elne tum to trace the shipme:it.
materi&l access anu. and vttal ueu.
ranae=ents required 'b7 §§,3.25 and
<c> Each licensee who makes. ar-To achieve t?i.1.1 ea;iabWtT the ptl.ysic:u 73.25 tor llcens<<t shipments llave been rmsementa !or Ph.Ysical protection of protection ~m Jhail:
made. When~ ccntractor exempt !l'om
~~~~~~a. shipmet of !or:nui. quazi.Uties of~~~~~~
Detect unauthortzed acttvlt1es or the requiremmta !or a Commi111on 11-atn.telie special nucleu material u conditions wtthm ;,rotecU<l areas. :n3.*
ceme la the ccns1c=ee of :a. shipmenc..
required b7 ff 73..:S md 73.:s shall Im-ter1&1 access ues.s and vltal areu the Ucemee.shall. be.fore the shil)mmt medi&tel)- conduct :a..t:-ace 1.Dvescip.- ~
the !ollowlnc subantei:m md is delivered :o the carr'.er, obta.!n writ-t!on of &n7 shipment tha.: Ls lest or w:i-sutmmctton.s:
ten cert1f!..-atioa !rom the cantractor accounced !or ar..er the estim.ated ar-m Controls and procedu.~ that es-who 1.s to take deliver? of the sh!;>-
r1T&1* time and me.a. repor,: 'lfith the tabltsh cur.mt scti.edules of author*
menc at the !.oJ,. gol.nt that 0the p~ Coinrnialou as speeifled. In §':3.71. U
!zed acti\\itles and concUtions ln de-cal proteetion ~emmts requlnd-the Ueemee who c:andue:3 the tr.lee In*
!1%:ed area.a:
by the O'niced Swas Dei,artmmt or ftStintion Is not the eocsicnee. he
<ll>
Bounda.rtes to de!!ne ~
Enera ~ual Chapters ZtOl or 2405.. shall al.so lmmedlatel7 rei;,ort the ~ W1tl:li11 which the author.zed act!vities aa appropr.ate. llave ?:een made. <3> A sulta of his lnvestipt!on b1 telephone and eond!Uons are penzutted; and Ucemee who delivers formula. quact1-and tel~ or ~type :o t.lle eon-
<!ll> Oeteetton and JW'\\"ellw:lce 3Ub-t1es of strate;ie special 11ucl~ m.atui-s!i::lee.
mtem.a and ;,roc:edures to di.sc::lver al to a e&.l'?ier tor :n.z::sport or reiea.ses and a.sse:a un:wthor'~ed activit.iu ~d such apee!al nucleu material f.o.b. at *-~ Perfonaaace c:s1'Uilltles rar 1bN conditions and communi<::lte them 10 the Point where it 1s deilvend to a cat*
~~~~~~site ph71iai protftdon *11wm.1.~~~~~~
that respell.le can be such a.a ~o itoP rter tor tr:I.ZlaPOrt shall al.1o ::c.au &r*
C&> To meet the senenl ;,~cr.:i:wice the sctMt7 or correct the conditions ranpments 'lfith the eoa.silttee to l)e requirements of i ~'O a !1.ud site be!ore str:Ltectc special nuclear t:..Uri*
aoWied immedia:ell' bJ telephone a..nd ph1Sic:al protection system shall m-al Is uolen or rldlololi=l sabot.lie telqr:!.pb. ~!et7Pe, or cable. o! the ar-elude the per!oniwice ca;,aoil1'1es de-commitUd.
rtv:u of the shipment ac it.I des&lnadou ICZ'ibed 1D ;,ancrapba tb> t!:rou&tl
td> l'~t onl7 author.zed ;,laca-or of &n7 sue shi;,ment thar. 1a lost* or of this section unlesa ocherr.ae &U*
~~mm, and movemenr; o! st.-atelie spe,,~~
~~una.ccounted :or a.fter the est1m&Wd thor!zed =,- the Commtmon.~~
~~c-.al aw:lUr mate1ial Within mater.al time oC a.mnl at its destinAt!on.~~
~~~~~~~~P:evenc unauthorized a.ccess of access-areu. To 3Chieve th.ii apabi!iey~~~~~~~~
3:acl1 Ucemee who receives ~ persons and £P&tmaJs into :nater1al the p?l,sical proceetton sntem sb:lll:
shi;,menc o! !or.:ul& qU&l1tities o!
acces, areas and vital uea.s. To Cl> Detect. unauutomed s,w:-..ment str:1te1ie special nucear :cater.al.shall achieTe this c:a;:&bWt,- the phy'sica,l and :nave:::ient ot ltn.Ultc spec:al nu*
!mme<U&UlJ' cot!fJ' by telephone m4 protection S1'SUm shall:
c:1ar ma;e1ial wtthm the material telecr'3,Pb or telecype. the pe:,on -.ho
<1> Oe~ attempta to pJ:a. umu-access Me&~ ue tollowuis subsn-dellvered th1t material to a. ca.mer !or thoriSed a,cces., or int?Odw:e w:iauthor-tems and sul:lfW:M:Uo~
tn.m;iOrt and the Director of the ap.
!zed material aaosa :n&ter1&1 access or
<1> Cont:'Ols a.nd :;,rccedures to cell:1.-
prcprtate ~uc!ev ResuLatoZT Ccm-vital U""S boundaries ?27 stealth or eate authorized c,lacement a:id control misaicn Inspection and. Ec!orcemenc
!orce ua1nc the !ollowtns sut:.sn;em.s
!or stn:er.c special :iue!ear material:
Recioa.al OltlH listed in a;:pendi1 A and subfunctiom:
<ll> Conr.rol.s and ;,rocedures to es-of the amv&l of the.s.tt.ipmenr: at lt.s m Barriers to channel ;:,encna and
~11.ih currecr: authorized Clla.cement clasun.atton.. When :l "Cnited. Star.es 0.-
mau."'i&l to maur.sl a.ccesa and ntal and :novemenr: oL all SU'aUlic special PIDILU UGlSTU. VOL 4 NO. 1~WIDNISDAY', AUGUS? 9, 1971
nuclear mater.al within material tee:ed ares. t.o prevent' th'eft ilf stra..:e-
- a.ceea a..--es.s:
gic special nuclear material a.,d to ;,ro-C lli) Controls and ;,rocedures to_ tee: apiilst raclloloiical sabotage. To.
,, maintain !mow!~~ of the identity, a.ch!eve mts capacility the.Phl-T.Cal quantity, placement, a.nd movement of protection s-;r.em sh.all:
ail strategic s;:ec:al nuclear :nate!"ial c ll Cecect a.c.:empts to i'3,ln una.u*
Within material. access areas: and th.or.zed access or ::icroduce !l.::l..Uthor-Civ) Deteeticn and monito~ sub-
!zed persons. vehicles. or ma.te!"4.als syster:u and i:ir,,eecures to dilcovet" into t:.e ::,rotected a.re~ oy steilth or
~~~~~~~~ind 3.SSess u:ia.uthor'.zed placen:ent~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~!o.rce ~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~!la !ollov.~ sucsy;;;te:::lS and movement of sr.rateaie special :1u-and sull!u:.ct!.ocs:~~~~~~~~
ciea.r :naterial a.."'!.d coc:nWiicate t!:le:i (i) :aarr:er-5 ca :~el persons.. vei:li-so t~ r~r.se c:m be such as ::o cles. a.:id ~!:aria.ls t0 ;,rot<?Cted area
?"!'tllffi the stn.~c si,ec:aJ. nuclear entry co.acrol ;xu.oci; and to.:!clay a.ny material to authorized ;:,la.cement or u:iauthorlzed ;:enetration a.ttem;;c.s or contra 1.
th.~ introduction ot unauthorized vehl-C el ~rmit re?:IonJ. of only author*
cles or cacffl4ls su!..~cie?lt to assist :ie-
!zed and CQnf!rmed !orm.s a.,d a::nounts cection and asses.mienc a.nd ~e:mi.t a of straugic special nuclear rnaterfal respon.se that Will prevent the pene-ftom mater.al access u-es.s. To achleve tra.tion or prevent such penetration this capability the physic3.l ;,roteetton from resultml' !n theft of stntegic system shall:
s;,ec:ial cuclea.r material or r.:1.d.iloi!cal
<11 Detect attempts at U."'lauthoriud saoota~: and
-e:noval of strateg-?C special nucle:ir ell>.~ccess detection subs:r.ite!!"..s a.."ld C%3.'tertal !ram lll!l.!U:a.l :?.Ce~~ by p~tlre$ to detect. assess 3.l!d CO!!l*
ste!..lth or !oree usL~ the following munlca~ an,- unanthor:zed :,.~ss or subs~e?m a.nd..ubfunctions:
m Barriers to channel persons :ind
~~~~~~~~,enetrations or mch attempts !ly pe!"-~~~~~~~~
son.s. V1!hicles. or cater.a.ls at the ~!r.:e matertals exitin~ a !:later.al access a.rea ea exit control Points 3.Ild to delay of the act or the atte."?:pt so t~at :r.e any Ul!author.zed.scrategic special nu-response ca.n be suc!l :is to*pre,;ent the cteu material removal attempts su!!!-
Ull3.uth.or.z~ access OI" :,ei::.etra!.i.on, or dent to assist dete-:tion ~"ld ass~-
pre'lent sucb. ~netra.tion 1'ro:n :-esul:-
ment and perm.it a r~ponse tha.t will ini' in the!t o!. st:ategic special o.uc!e::i..r pr'!vent the remo.,a.J.; and material or ndiolog:ical sa=:ot:i.g:e.
(11) Detection.iUbs"/'Stems ~d :.,-roce-C2l Detect at'..e.c:.::ir.s to iab ~a.u-dures r.o detect. asseS3 and commur..i-thor.zed a.cces.s or introduce u::au;;hor-ote 3.tlY a~ecpcs at unauthor.zed re-tzed ~e."SOn.s. *:erucles. or c.a.ter:.als moval of strategic spectzl nuclear ?n2.-
into the :,roteeted are2. oy deceit using terta.l so tha.t :-esponse to the 3.ttempt the following sub.systems and su.b!u.:ic:
can be such a.s !o -;:irevent the removal.
tioos; (2l Con:::l.n:l tr.e icientit:; *a.!::.d c;uanti-ti> *.\\ccess authorization controls and ty o! stra.tegic speeW nucleu :::i.a:erial procedures to provide cu..-rent a.uc~ori-pre.sented for removal !ro::i a. t:la.i::.er.al za.tiou sch~ules and ent.."'Y crlt.cria. !or access ares a..cd detect at;;e.mptS at un-
~rsons. vehicles. and ma~r!als; and author.zed :e::ionl o! strategic s~
<ii> Entry controls and procedures to nuc!ear mate:fal !rom material 2 ~
ver.!:, the identity oi. persons. macert*
a..-eas or deceit using the !ollowfD$
&ls :J..'ld vehicles and assess s-.icb. ic~cti*
sub.systems a.nd sub!uncticn.s:
ty ~t; current a.ut.llori.zation
<1> Authot1.za:icn controls a::d -;:iroce-scl:edules before ~:-::ut:ing entry and du..-es to provide cur:-!?lt schedules for
~ initiate :espocsa m~u.---es to deD.7 authorized re?::nova.l o! sc:-a:eg+/-c ~ecial u:a.uthorized access.
nuclear ::ia.ter.al -;vl:lic..~ s;:,ec:!y the 3U*
<&) Res-ponse. Ea.c!l ;,hnica! ;:rotee*
thor.zed properties and quant!ties o!
!ion :irogra.m sh.all ;>rovide a..:-espoz:sa material to oe removed. the ;:,erson.s o.pal:illity to 3.l!SU.-e that ~e five capa-authorlzed to remove :!:le :nate.r-..al, billt1es d.escrioed in ;:a.ra.gra.;:ih.s <~>
and the author.zed cime schedule:
th.-ouih o! this section a.re Cii> Removal controls a.nd ;l.~~ aeh.le\\*~ and the a.d\\*enary !orces i:.tll to identi.!y and con!!r.!l t.he p~erties be ennged and impe-ied until of!'site and quantities o! :n3.te!'ial be!..-:1g re,.
~is~a."1~ forces arrive. To achieve
~~~~~~~~moved and ver.!1 the Identity -of the~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~th!3 capacility a Ileen.see sh.all; persons maldng the removal and time~~~~~~~~
<l) :E.or.a~Ush a securit7 orp.::ization of removal a.nd 2.S3ess these aga.mst to:
the C"~nt authcrize-i removal sched-Cl) Provtc!e tnined a.ad quail!ied per-ule !le!ore pernti~..ir!g removal: and son.nel to carry out assigned duties and_
Clli>
Communic:mons sul::.systecs respoc.s:.bilitie.s: a.cd and procedures to provide !or-ncmfica-CU) Provtde !or routine security op~r-tion ot an attem;:ted unauthorized or atioru and ;,la.nned 3nd predetermmed tmconiirmed r-e?::.:1.oval so that !'esponse res;:io:c.se to eme~enc!es and S2.!e-C3.:l be :snc:h as ~o pre'le?:t ~e re.i::::.oval.
~.:arcs ~nt!nge:icies.
en P:-ovide !or 3.uthonzed access a.r.d C2l E.sublish a. pred.ete:mi.ned ;ila.:1 3.SSU.-e detee:!on of md ~~onse :o un*
to respond* to safe~.la.rds c:onc!.::.gency autJlor+/-zed pe~e:n.tions ol the pro-e-,enc.;.
C3) ?:"ovide equipment for the 3eeurf* -
t; or;r!!.niz.a.tion ar:.d facility design fea*
tu.res to:
m P:-ov!de !or rapid assessment of sa!egua.-,:u contin~encies:
<ill ?!'ovtda !or respoc.se by assigned s~u..-:t.7 or~"'Z'izatioo pen:oc-..r.el which is mf!cte:it17 ::iptd and ei:!ee:ive.;o 2S
- to J.C:-.ievi? u:e :,rrede~e~e<.i object....,*~
o! '.he respor.se: and c ill> P:-ovide protection for -:!le a..s-ses:sment ar:d res;::on.se ;:e:::;or..nel so t!:at they-,:an completa t.b.e.ir ~ed dut!es.
C4>
?!-o\\1de commu.nicatioc.s net*
-or

a to

~~~~~~~~m ~vtda rapid ar.d acc-.irate ~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~cission Cf jacu..-tt:, i::.!~nr.ation a.cc~.;~~~~~~~~
,msi:e fo:-ces for routine security c~er*
ation. a.sse::.sment of a. continger..cy, a.nd response to a con:tagenc-r. ar.d cm ?!'ortde rapid a.nd accurate trans-mission of detection and a.ssessc~nt_
in!onna.tion to ot!site a.sal.scance forces.
<5> Assure that 9. s.t.,gie adversary ac:ion car.r.ot desr:.roy ~.he capability of c.he security o:-ga.mza:;ion :o notify the ot:.:site assi.sta.nce !o~ o! t..11e n~
tor a.ssi.sca.nc:e.
j 73.~ii F!.xed !ite phr-siw prot.ecti-,11 Jys-temL iUOSy~. -?lenients..:orapo--
n1?ntil. and proeeduzes.
Ca.l A lk:ens.ee phySical protec-:ion
.;yscec est:i.oli.shed ;:ursua.--:.t tu t!le seneral ;:er!ornia.cce requi!'eoent:s of
§73.20<a.Hl) and Ca.X:?> a.c.d ~he ;:er-forma.nce ca.pa.billt7 re-Qui.ece!l.t:. o!
J ;3.,5 snail include, 'but :u-e not r.eces-s:ml:, l.lm.ited to. the measures s;::iect*
fiej in pangra;:,hs {b) throui!l Ch) of chis ~tion. The Commission ::nay !'e*
quire, uepe!'lding on ;.ndh1cua.l fa.cillt7 a.cd site conditions. alter....:i.te or a.d.ci-tionat :neasu.--es dee~~ ::ecessar.r ~o meet the 1ener-l. ;,ertor:nance :ec;uire-meor.; of ~ 73.:?0. r.,e Commission mo_
m.a7 authorize ;:rotection.::c.e:!.S"..:...~
Other than ~hose :-equind o:; t!".i.s sec-tion i!. in iu cpi.niorr. th~ oven.l.l level of ;:erfor=.a.n~ meets ~he ~e-~e!"':11 ;,er-
!or-ia.nce require~enc.;; of ~ ":3.~ a.."ld tne ;:e!'ior::.:ia.nce ca.~abilit~ !'~uire-ments o! ~ i3.45.
Cb).Security Oi-ra,nizat!oc..
Cl> The Ucensee shall estJ.~lish a se-i:-JI'it::, o~tion !.nclucfu:g s'-13.rd.'s:
~~~~~~~~(2> The licensee sha.il ha.*.-~ onsi:e ~=~~~~~~~~
all :i.t!le at le3.St one fl.:.l! :ime :::em:.er of the secur.~::, OrT3-t'.iza.~ion,:th a..:.*
thori:Y to direc: the ;:h:;-sic::iJ ;,rotec-tion activities of the se<:Urit7 or;:::uuza..
tion.
(3) The ll~?"..see shall have a :na.n-ag-ement sYSte::i to pro*l'ide !or ::.he ~~
ve!cpment. revision. i.:::t::;lemeata.tion, a.nd er.Jorcement ol sac-..uit:, ;:r--,.,ce--
du.~. T;ie syste?n sbill ~cl<.:de:
Ci)
Wr!:ten securit7 Pl"CCedW:!S which dcca!:lent :b.e st.:-'.!cture oi i:he secur::y.:>r-Ja.ni2ation a~::1 ';\\'hlc:i :eta.ti the duties of i'.!a.rds, watch..-ne.:i a.::d fEI)EU.L HGISTII, VOL ¢ _NO. 1"4-W!!)N£!t!AY, >.U-CUS1' 9, 1971
3:5334 other Individuals resoc,mible !er HCU*
ritT,aad
<11> Provtsion !or Written approval of SUC!1 procedures and my revtsiom thereto by the Individual with overall resgomibilitY !er the HCUrtty tune*
tion.
<4> The UC1!mee sh&ll not permit m lndivtdual to a,ci; u a. iiuard. wa~ll*
man. armed resc,oCH person. or other member of the security orp.n!zation unless such Individual. ha.a been trained. equipped. and quall!!ed to perform tsCh a.ssi8:led secur.ty Job dUt? in accordance ;Tith Append!X B ot thia Part uoener:LJ. Critert& !or Se-curtty ~r.soanel.. to be pu.allshed.iooa u an *l!~.ive n:le. Upo11 c.he reques, of m authomed respresent&Uve of*
the Commission the llcmsH sb&l1
demomcrate the at:Wt:r of the ph:ysi*
cal securit? personnel to cam out their a.mc:,.ed duties and re5'1Qmihil-ities. Ea.cb. itW'd. watcb.:naD. armed response person. and ocner member of the secunt1 orp.nmuon shall ffifu&-
llfy in a.ccordance with.Appendix a ot this pan at least eftr7 12 months..
Such reqnallficaUQU sh&1l be doc:a-mented.
<5) Wlthm any 1tvm.ieriocl of time.
a me=ber of the security orpmzaUon
nay not be a.:ssicned to. or have cl1net operauonal control O\\"ff. more than oce of the redundanr. clemenQ of a pll~ protection.subsystem 1! such a&s11t1m-.nt or control cou.1/41 result in the lou ol effectiveness o! :he subsys-tem.
lC) P?usical barrier SUbsiSte?:l.S. (1) vttal equipment silall. 'be located onl7 Within a vttal are&' and st:ateli~ ~*
dal nuclear material shall be stored or processed onlY In a ca.terial aceas area. Both Vit&l ar-eu and material access areas shall ?le tocated Within* a proteeted area so t!lat a.ccesa to vital equipment a.::d to st.-:a.te~c Sl)ed.al au-c:lnr
~~~~~~~~natertal requires pa.sa&1e throush a., ~e33t two pi173ic:3l barrters.~~~~~~~~
~d:ore than one vttal :l.l'H. or tnaterill.1 access are:1 :::ia.1 l:e located within a male protected area.*
<2> The.:1113ieal bamers ~ :he pe-rimeter o! the :,rocected area. shall be se~ from an, ot.t:.er QV?'ier ~
iinated aa a ;:nysical tia.rr.er !or a. Vital area or macert&l ~
3.rea. wtt.h.1:1 the protected area.
PKOP0SID IUW 4
be provided with mumin&tion suffl.
!zed access to the materia.l and equip-dent for the moDitoru:s and obser,a.
ment In such areas. and who require t1on requirements o!
parqra:,bs such access to pertorm their dut!es.
<c><3>. <e>. <h><4> and <h><5> of this Authorization for such 1.ndiViduals semon. but not less than 0.2 !ootcu1-shall be Indicated. by t!le Lssua.nce of dle meuuttd at a:round level.
spec1&1ly coded num..bend o~es lndi*
<5> Stratelie ~ecial nuclear ma.ten-ca.tin~ vttal areu.
~~~~~~~~mater1a1 access al. other than alloya. tuel elements or areas. and controUed access a..--eu to tuel assemblies..shall:~~~~~~~~
which ~
la authori%ed. No ac:M*
(1) Be stot'ed In a n.ult whe!l not an-ties other than thOH wb.ich reqwr~
dersotnc proces.s1nJ !! the mater.al can access to --te-'--
c:l be uaed direet17 in the ma.nu!a.crure ot s-.. *- ~
....._ nu ear ma.
a nUc:lesr ni,loaive devt~
cer1a1 or equipment used In the ;,ro-
<11> Be stored In penetratioa-resis-
~--uae or ston1e ot stratelie ~
1::1.Dt. tamper-tndlcutns coata.!nen:
cial nuclear aw:en.aJ. shall. oe ;ier.ait*
<lli> :s. processed onLy 111 mater.al tad within a macerial access are&.
accea uess coc.str-.JCU<l with barriers
<3> The llc-..nsM shall estab.Ll.sh and follow procedures thU W1ll identib' to that proVide sl111tnc,at dela7 to pene-access control --anel those veh.cles traticm: and UY> Be kept m locked com::,artmenu that are authorized and those a:ateri*
or locked. p~ eqwpment wbJle Im*
a1s that are not authorized entry to dersolna proc~ except when per-protected. mt.ten:il ~
and vital.
sonail7 attended.
~
The !icensee shi.11 control an
<8) Enriched unmum sc,:ap In thit "aints ot "ersoanel and vehi'"'* ~---
form ot small pfeces. cuttinp,. chipa.
soludom or in other forms which Into a proteeted area. Identification result from r. mmufactunns prcaas_
and search ot all lndlvtduals !or !Ir~
co11ta.ined.ln 30 P1lon or tarrer con*
arms. ex.,loatves. and !?:cendia:? de-ta.iners with a ur.mJ.um.235 contem: ot Tien, sha.ll' be made and author~tion 1... than 0.25 ~
per Uter, ma.,- be shall be checked at such petnr.s. 'C'.S.
atorect Within.* a. locked and separately Dei,artment ot i:Dera courle.~ en-Cenced area. ;Vithin & Iarser protected ~
In the tramPGrt o! si:ecw. nu-area:' Providccf. That the stora1e a.rea cleaz i::s.aterial need DOt be searcted.
!ence la ::io closer than ~ reet to the Licel!lff employees ha-r...nc an YRC or perimeter of the proteeted area. The
'C'.S. Department o! Enera maurtal noraae area. when m:.cc:ctrC)ied mall ?:e a.ceess aut.t:.or'.z:i.tion shall be sea..-c!led protected by a IU&rd or wat.:hmen at least on a. random b&si.s. The ind!*
wllo sball patrol at Intervals not ex*
Vidlal ~pocsible !or the lut a.=esa ceed1ns al houn. or by lntrmion conr;rol !unc'tion <eontro~ admJ.1.
a1arma.
sion to the protected areal shall lle !.o-
< d>.Accesa control subaystems and lated. within ~ structure, with. bullet*
Pracaclu."'es.. <1> A numbem pictun/
re&Sttna Talls. doors, ceillcs. floor.
ba,dae idmtific:ation subs~tem shall and Windows.
be used for all individuals wb.o are au-
<5> At the ~olnc: ot personnel a.c.d.e-thonzed access to protected a.reu hicle *a.c:cess Into a protected area. all Without escon:. An individual not em*
ha.nd-'.:&rried
acuges shall be ployed by the Uc

emee 'but who re-searched for !!rearms. er.,loaives. and quJres frequent a.ad utended a.ccesa ::o tnce:id1ary de*lica except; t!lcse '2ac!c*
prctected. matertaJ. access. and Vital ares carried by i:;ersor..s hai'inc an areu may be au,horlzed acee,a to such NP.C or noz material accesa authort*
areu 'lrttl::.out esc:crt: Pro11iltttL That zation 'lrhic!:l s.t:tall be.sea.ret:ed on a 11e receives a. pic:'.in 'bac1s upoa en*
random ba.sis wtien the ;:erson can-:r*
trance tntc the protected area which Ins ~hem.i;s selected :or sesrch.
must be rec:umed u:,on exit !l'OlD the
< 6l All ;iaclca1es a.ad mater..a.l !or de-
irotected area and wllic!1 indicates m livery into the.

roceeted a.rn sh.a.il ce nonemploree-ao escort requind: <ID checked !or pro~r identi!!c:at!on md are:u to which access ia author.zed authorlz:i.tion and se3ld:ed on a.
and (W> c.he period !or which access random ta.sis :or fi:ea::m.. e~;:ilo.si.vff.
ha.I cem auwnzed. Badia s.t:.all oe and ~dia.r,' devices ;incr to admit*
disi,la,ed tir all tndlV1dual.a while tance into the ;irocec:C4d a.-ea. exc~t
~e the ~roteccecl areu.
. those CQmmis.110:i a":;,rc'°ed c!l!ll'iery Unescorted a.ccesa to rttal sttU. ma-
~~~~~~~~and illspection ~Mr.in spec:.t!c:ill1 terial access arearat:d contolled a.ccess dm1111t.!d by t!le llc:eNff to te caz.~~~~~~~~
&1"eaS shall be llmited to 1.nd1Viduals r.ect ou, 'lrtthi.n mate.rta.1 ::.cces3, *.--i~
who have an ?t-ac or DOE mater-.3.l or protected areu !or rl!3.5cm ot access authonzattou.z wbo an author* met?, secur'it7 or operational ::ecesst*
t7.
<3> Isolai;!cn zoneS s.tull lJe ma.1::l*
taiaed in outd~ areu adJacent to tr.e,~
barrier at. the ~rtmeter o! the protected area and shall l:e lam mo~h :o ;,erm!t.,bservation of t!le ac:t1T!t!es at the SMO£ile on etther side of tt:a; ba.-r.er !.n ~e even, of !t.1
~tion. If ~ar~ !acllit1es are provided !or em;:lo1ees or visito~ *~
a.mffldmenw. reQw:=te m ~c they shall be located ouuide tile !sola-murtal wu:or!z::&t!on :irocra.m for :!Cfl!3ff ed 2ft'tSI ta or eona"Ol OYer spec:a1 mze!ev ca,.
<'Tl."11 vehicles. excei,t O'.S. Cepar:.
me:it of ~er'ff vec.il:1es en~ed in
~nine spedal ::iu:lear :..ter.aJ.
and emer;~nc,- \\"eb.ieles UZ1der emer-ifflCY concimocs. shall =* sea.rc.b.ed !or
!ln3rms. e.x;,lcaives. and i:lcendiar.,
.:evic:es ;iricr to ent?7 into :he ::,ro~t-t1on ;one and exterior to :he protect te:1&l <SECY-1woa> ~ere ;n.ltlillhed a.s ~
area.
~~~~~~~~n,,ooaed rule an 3'arcb 1 'T. 19":'T <4% FR~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~<4> liclation zones md. all e%te?ior~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~uaao> md wen dllcuaed !D a. ;iubUc 1:.eu-areas 7ithin the protected area shall~~~~~~~~
~
OA.iul7 lO. 11. a.ad 1:. 1918.
P1Dt1AL UGISTD. VOL 4* HO. 1$4-WIDNISOAY,..\\UGUST 9, 1971
~~~~~~~~ed areL Vehicle areas te> be *sea?Ched~~~~~~~~
-shall 1nclude the ea.b, enrine com.:art-m~nt, unclercarrta1e. and cario ares.
.... (8) All vehicles, except dni~ated li-censee Mhicles. re<it:i.."'il:i enm Into Che protected area shall be escorted !)3' a member ot the sec-..lrlty orpniza.;!011 while within the protected ares. a.-:d to the extent practicable sh.all be c!!-
lO&ded In an area. t.h.at i.s not adjac~
to a 7'ital area. Oesi1t:ated llcemee ve-hicles mall be limited in t~!r u.se to onsite plant !unct!ocs and sllsll remain In the prot~..ed area exce:>t for operatioaal. caJ.ntena."lce. securtb' and eme~ney ;,11..~oses. The licensee sllall exercise posi:i*,e eoncrol o\\*er 3.ll such desi.nated,ehicles to assure r.h&t they are used o:uy by author.zed,er-son.s and !or authoriZed pu,r.)ases.
<9> T!1e licensee i,hall coi:r.rol all points o! ;:ier:sonnel and vehicle a.ccea to material aeces., areu. vtw areas and controlled access areas. Identfflc:a,.
tion of ~rsonnel and ver.lc!es shall 1:>e made a.cd aut.~or.::ad.o.O: check~ u sucil ;,oints. P.r.*~r to e:it.-y in'° & ma-terial access ~3.. ;:aduaes. mall 'oe searr:!led for f!r~-=-s. er,,losives, ILDd incendiarY ce*,ices..lll veh.lc!e:s. ma.te-ria!s md Pacitaies. inc!udin1 en.ah.
wa.si:.es, tocls and a<.uipme!lt exiti?:z from a mater.al a.c:::ess are3. sha!l be searc:ed for conce:iled st.~c s;:e-ci~ :uclear ma;;er.3.l by-a. tea:n of a.t lea.st two inciiv1dua.!3 who are not a.u-thcr.:ed ~
to t!la.c ::iater.al ~
area. Eac.!l !ndJviciUa.i ~:tittng a materi-al access area shall underzo a.t least.
e;vo.se~arate sea..-ches !or co~ed s:nter.c s;,ecial nuclear ::ater.a.l. Por indiliciuals ex!ti::1 a..'l are& that con-tains onl; alloyed-or encapsulated stta.te,iic s;:iecial ni.;clear oater.a.I. the second seuch may ~e conducted 1n a random manner.
<lO) 3efo~ exit~ from a. m.a.ter'.al aceess area. containers of contall'.ina.t.-
ed wastes shall ~" d..,::n sc:u:.ned a.nd
.tamper sealed l:y at :~a.st two lndivtd-UL3. ~orkinc a::d :-ecor:Unr a.s a. team.
who do not hs.v! access :o materiat
~~inf and sto~e ~
< 11 > Strate~c s~ecial nuclesr c::ste. 3.l bei::i' ;:repa.red !'Jr shtp:ie.c.t otf.stte.
ir.clc.mn.- produce. sa.m;,les and scra;,,
sh:i.ll be packed and ;llaced Ln ~ed conwne:s 1n :he ;:iresence o! at les.st t;o !ndlvt.:iuw,;.-or~ 3.S a te:mi w!:o shall verify ILDd cert1!y :he eoncmt of each shipping container th."'!lu.,t1 the witnc!S3inl ot iTOSS we~ht mev.ire-menr. and nondestructtve assa.y. a.nd throuah the iDSpeccioa. of taml:)er seal intesritY and assoda.ted seal ~rds.
< 12> AreU used for ;ireparmg strate-lic s.,ecial nuclear i:n.aterial !or ship,,
ment and areas ~
!or ;iac!a.l+/-nc and sere~ tn.sn a.nd ~:i.-..:es shall be controlled ~
a..-eas and shall ?::e se~ara.ted !rem processing and staraa-e are3.S.
<13) Individuals not per.nitted by the ll<:~
to enter ;:irotected 3:reas '1!7ith-ou; escort sba.Il be escor:ed by a.
watchman. or other lndJvidual desi~-
nated b1 th.I! ll~ee. while in a. pro-tected area and shall be badr-cl to m-dicate that an escort i.s required. to ad-dlttcn. the tndtvic!ual shall 'be required to ~r his name, date, ttme. ~ur-pose of visit and el:lployment. a.mll-a.tion. citlzembl~. anct-name of the !%1,.
d:fvl.dm.1 to be v'..sited.
. <l4> All keys. locu, cambinatiom and ~lated equ+/-pment used to control
~
to ;,rotected. m&t.!rlal access.
Tttal. and cont:'olled J.Cce;a :1r!U shall be ~ntrolled e;i red1Jce the prooability of comproa:ise. Wher.ever there is evi-dence that a keJ'. lock. combination. or related equipment may have been compromised it shall be changed.
Ui:x,n termtna.tion of em:,!oyn:ent of any emplc,yee. k~ locks. combina-t!ocs. and :-euted equ1:,ment to which.
that employee had ac::cess. shall ~
ch~
Ce> Ofteettoa. rurveillmce and alarm sucs,stecs anci procedures. <l> The li-censee shall provtde an* intru.sion alarm subsy3te?:i With a ca:,~cil!ty to deteet penetration through the !sol.a,.
t!on Z0GI! and ~o ;iennit respoase ac:ion.
C2> All emergency exits in es.ch pro-tected. material~. and vtUJJ ares sball be locked to prevent e:icn- !rom the outside a.nd a.la..~ed to provide lccal visible and a.uciible :l.lar:n annun-cta:fcn.
<3).-ui unoccupied vital ams and material access areas shall be !ocked and protected by u intrusion 1lar:n subsystem wl:Uell. will a.larn1 u;:oa the entr1 ot a person a.nr,vhe.re into the ar-..a. uwn e:cit f:om the a.rea. !lnd upc:i moveme:it cf an !:ldmdual with.in the &l"!&. e:tce;,t that !or proc-ess material ~
are3.S i:,nly the ~~
tion of the strateiic s;,ec!al nuclear material wtt..'lin Che a.-es. is :equir~ to be so alar:ned. Va.ult& 3.r.d process areas tl-..at ccntain st.-a~c ~!al ::i.u-clea..: macerlal tha.t ha& not ~en al-loyed or enca~ted shall 3Jso be under the surveillaD.ce of closed cir:uit teler.sion chat !s monitored. in 'both ala.rm.r..atiom and a.t lea.st one other coceinousl1 :::anned omite loc:ition
< 4>.All c::z.:::ied ~53 ccnt:ol poin~
In the ;,rotec-ted a..~ barrier, all secu-ri~ pa.r.rol.s a.'ld g-.J.a.ri! statior.s Wit?:.in the ;,ro~ area. and both 3.larm stat!ocs shall be ;>rovtded With d~
ala.r:t:3.
<5> All a.1arms requir!d ;iu.~ant to thi:s sect!oir shall im.9:unciace ill a con-tinuously ??:anned. ~tr.\\l ?.!arm sta-tion located Within ~he ;:rotected ares.
u:d m. at. least one other inder;,ende?1t contmuousl7 ca.m:ed omite station not necessar+Jj' -:r..C:in the :,rot<<~ed area. so t.'lat a. stn.rle :ict cannot remove the capa0llit7 of c~ !or 3S-VVVV" ststmce ar respondinc to an alum.
The alar::i st..tions shall be controlled access areu md their wails. doors.
ceiliDs. noor, and wtnco~ shall be btlllet-resisttna. The central alarm sta-tion sh~ be located With!n a 1:ui1d!nc' so that the interior of the centnl alum r..at!oa is not,i.!iole !rom the
~!"..meter of the ;,rotected s.r~ This station ir.ay not contain any o-pe:-*
~~~~~~~~:iconal activitie:s tha.c would lnterfett with the e:t~tion o! r.he aLa.r:::t :e-SPQn.se tu::c:iO!l.~~~~~~~~
.\\11 3.lam:s required ~ th!s see-tia..'l shall rema+/-::t ope~ble t:cm inde*
~~pe?:dent powe:-- so,..1-~es in the eve::i: ot t!'l.e loss ot non:ial power. Switchover to standby pov;er mall ce au!Omatic and shall not ca.use !a.lse alu::::.s on :m-Iluncia.tor modules..~~
~~{7) All ala.r:n devices.lncludma- ~~~
~~c.ission llJ:es to a.nnunda.tors sb.a.ll ce ta.mger !:l~~i ~d sel!-che~~~
~~e.~ an automa.cic l::d!cation is pro-vided when,. failure of the a.arm sYsta.m. or :i component occur... when th.ere i.s an attempt to comproatise the-~~
.iYst.er:i. or wae."1 ~e sys:.em is on stanc~1 power. The az-.nunc:at!on of an a.lar:n 3.t the a1.arni sta~om shall incileace the type of alarm ce.._. i:ltr.i-sio:1 a.l3.r:D. eme~en.cr exit ala...-m. etc.)
~~and location. Toe ~..atus ol all a.J.a..--ma and al.arm zones shall be indlated ill the alarm s::aticna.~~
~~<8> All exterior areas Within the pro-tee"'..ed a..-e.a shall be monitored or pcn-adicaily c."'lecked so dei:ect the :>?'e,-~~
~~ence of unau.thor!Ud persons.,;ehicles.~~
~~~~~~~~~~material.i. er u.nautb.cr.zed act:!Vities.~~~~~~~~~~
<!>> ~et.hoes to observe individuals within material :.i.ccess areas to a.ssure that strat~c si::ec!.aJ nuclear material
!s not coved to -.:nauthor.zed loca:iom or in 3.0 unautb.or:z:~ n:unner shall te pro-.tded and used on a cctlti:lu.mc tas"..s.
(!) Co::i.=unicat!on subsnte:::3. c ll Ea.c~ J"..a.rd. Wll.r_c":-ao or a...-:::...~ :-e-Sl:>Cr-.se ::ldhidual on du.t7 sllall ::e ca-
>~le ot

iaimai.aioc CO!l~ous ccm-municat!on With an :ticil\\idual !.:1 e3.Ch
~ntinuo'131Y :na.a.ced al3.r:1 s::i:!on re,-
cruire-d l:,y ~pl:l (e!<5> ol til.i.s s<<*
~~~~~~~~~~on. who shall be capable c.f ~~~~~~~~~~~
!er aas::r..:in~ !:"OQ other r"ilL-.1s.
'W3.te!:.men. and a.r:ned re3;,~~e ;:er-
~r.nel and !roe !a-:: en!or:e.:i:ent au-thorities.
(2) Each alar:n sta:ioc :-equir~d by
~~~~~~~~~~,an.gra.;,a <eX5> of th.is ~tion shall have 'cotb. con,enctonal U!lephone service and r:id!o or microwave tnns-mitted two-way,olce cem.mu:ucation.~~~~~~~~~~
e!ther d!rec-.Jy or throo~h 3Jl u:ter:::1e-dtary, !ar the capability of cocmt:n1-cat1on wtth the law !n!orcemen, au-thorities.
(3)
Nonpor"'..aole com:iu..'licaticrns equi~c:en~ controlled by the Uc:er..see 3..'ld req*.l!red by this section shall r~ca.i.."1 operable from tnde~ndent r:i:tUL lt!Gt~ V~L 43, HO. l!4-W!!lHISDAY, AUGUST 9, T9n
35336 PIQPCSID IWW power sources In the event af the 1oa d1viduals !nc!ependent of both 3eeurl.ty of corm.al,ower.
mana.cemen, and security sui,ervmoa.
~~Tfat and maincenance prosni,ms.~~
The nmew shall l.nelude a. review and The Ucemee shall ~v* & ta:.. and audit at sec:w'it7 procedures and pra.c-maintem.nce procn,m for l.ntru.sion tic:es. naluai:iou of the effectiveness of alarms. emerieney ezit &1a:ms. com*
the PhYsical protection systam. an tn1Jn1cati0m eqUipment. physical bu*
~~&ud1t of the~~
.PQ1Sical protecti011 nen. md other physical,rotection re-sncem testms and mamterw:u:e pro-lated devices and equipmem: wed pur-cram. and. an audit of commitm.enta es-sumt to this section tba.i. sl:1all provide taalished !or respome bT local law en-for the !ollowinl:
~~farcemen~ authonties. The results of~~
~~<l> Testa and impec:tiom durtns the the review, audit. and evaluation aloas installation and comtrw:tion o!* ~-~~
~~wtth recommend&tiom.~~
~~eorrectiom cal pro'8dou re!&ted ~~~
~~and and !or lmpravementa, il an.,, shall t:e component.$ to~~
assure that they doc* umcted. reported to tu licem-com-pl.1 With their res-pective desicn ee's plant mam,ement, mci to cor;io-crtterla and ;,er!ormance s-peci!fc:l*
rate macacemec, at least one left!
t10m.
hiiiier than that havin. responsibility (2) P:'eoperaticmal* tests and 1:spec-for t.'le d&7 to day pl&D.t operations.
ttoas of phntcal protection related The reparta shall be kept &n.Uable at subsrstems and component& to demon*
the pwit for lmpectlon !or & period of strate their etfeetivenesa and ava11&h11*
5 7e&l'9..
!Cy with res;:ect to their respectift Ch> Continlency and resi,ome plam desicn criteria and* performance spect.
and procedures.
ficat1om.
<ll The licensee shall haft & sate-C3> Ope."'&tional tests and lD,s-pectiom ru,arda contu:iseney plan tor dea.lina of p}U's1cal protectioa rela.ted. subsya.
With threata. thefts. and rad1ololical tau and eamponen:.s to a.aure their sa.botace related. to the s-pec<.:u nuclear mainteD&Dee In an operable and.tfec-material and :i:iclesr tadliti.es subject.
t1ve condition. izlcludlns:
to the provfskms of thia section. Sate-
. m Tesdnc ot each lntrustcm ala.rm iUards cont1name7 p1am shall l:le In a.t tb.e betmninr and end of my period accoraazu:e wtth the Criteria. in appm.
that lt la used.Uthe :,mod ot contm*
dbt C *to tb1s -pan:. ":.lcemee Sa.!e-ou.s use Is lcnrer than T da.~ the In*
ru.ards Continceney P'..am C-i3 :FR trmton &1anD shall also be tested at 119e2l.. Contmpncy plans shall In*
leas, once even-T days.
elude.. but not I:* !Jmited to, the re-
<ll>
Testinc of communicatloas SPoDa requirements In paracraphs.
equfpmenc requtrM for-communi~
Chl<2> throuah Chl<5> of th1I section.
tiam omtte, includir.r duress alarms.
<2> The licul.!ee shall establish and for,erforman~ not less trequently doc:umm~ reS"POn.M arranimenta that than once at the bqimlins ot each se-- *. ha.ve 'been made with local law m*
eurtty personnel woa shi:t. CommWli*
!orcement authorities.
~ocs equipment required for-com*
<3'> A minimum of five <5> rw,.rds municUl.om ot!s1te shall be tesud !or shall b& &nilable &t. the !acilltJ" to tul*
erlormance

iot less than once a d&T.
!Ill aasesm:e:ic and res;>ocse require-
< *I>
P?'ffentive maillte:ia:ce pro-* menta. In add1t!on a. !orce ot iu.ards or ir:u:cs shall l::e established !or Pb.7sical armed response persomiel also shall ce pro~ related subsrstems and av&il&ble to provide aatsc.ance aa nee-com~nenu to a.saure their ecntinued essar,'. The size a.ad availabWt:r of the maintenance in an operable and e!!ec-additional force shall be deter:nined Uve conciltion.
cm the bu1a of site-s"41Cif!c ccn.slder-
<5> All pbystcal ;,rotect10n related-atim:.s thai could affect the ability of subaj"Stems and comi,onenr.a s!lall be the total omite ~me !oree to
?n&1:lu.ined In ope.."'ll.ble condition. The ~e and lm;:ede the adversary licensee sh&ll develop and employ eor-force until oUsite a.uir.aziee arrives.
ree:r,e action procec:ures acd eompea-ne reuon !or de~ the total sato17 meuures to aaure that the el* number and a.nil&billty of en.site fectt-;-eness of the physical im,tectlon armed :espome pencmnel 3hall be in-synem :s not reduced by ta.ilun or eluded in the ~brsi=l protection plans other coctin.enct~ a.!t~..tn. the oper*
submitted to the CommJsaicn !or ap.
auon ct the security related equip.
proftl.
mmt or structures. Repair.I and ?Dain-
<*U Upan detecti011 of abncrmal pr-.
tenacce aaall 'oe pe?'!ormed b7 a; !east ence or acttvtty of ~as or ?ehicles two lnd1vtduals workine u & tam wao within an isolation %0De. a,rocecucl have been trained in the operation
&res. & material access area. or & Vital and pmormance of th~ equtpmem. a.rn.:-or u-oon endence or 1nd1cat!ott of T!le security o?'IIUliZ&t1oa shall 'be ao-
!nU'Ulion l:ito a. protected ans. a. c,,a..
ti!led before and a.tter service Is per-terial aa:esa area. or a. vital area. the formed and.1hall conduct ;,ertormmce Ucemee security orpmzacton shall:
veri!ication tests a.:ter the servte. hu (1) Dete."'mille whether or not a.
beea camcileted.
thrnt aist.1. *
'6l The securttJ ;:irorr:im shall be re--
<W Assess the extent of the threst.
viewed at leas, even-12 ::nontm by In*
Lt ~.
(111)
Take Immediate COUC-J.rrent measures to neutrallze the threat l>r.
<A> :Requtrms resi,ondina au,ards or other armed response personnel to in*
teQOSe themselves bet"Jree.a vital a.reu.
and ::naterial a.ccess a.res.s and ~
ad*
vers&r7 a.ttemptmr ent:7 for i;iur,oaes of radlololiCll.sa.botan or the!t ot stntQic s-peeial nuc!ea.r material and to intercept &DY per.son mt1n1 With sgecial aucleu m:stertal. and
<B) Informins local law woreement a.pncies of the threat and requesmis auista.nce.
<~> The llc:emee shall !nst?Uc:t enr.,
ltlard or other arced res;ion.se person*
nel to r;,revenc or impede act.s of :-a.die-Io~. sa.boc.<< or tho!!t ot m-atelic-.
s;,ectal nuclear material by us~ !orot suf!lcient co counter the force directed at him. !ncludinr the UH of deadly force wb.en the ruard.l or other ar::ied respame- :;:iersonnel ha.ve & reuor.able belle! that it Ls necesu.ry In-sel!-de-fense or In the defense ot othen.
<Sl To fa.etlltate Initial res;,onse tG detect!tlu of,enetrat1on of the pro-teeted area &nd asHSaJ:Z:.ent of the exis-tence of a threat. a. ca.;,abWty of ob-
~
the 1$0la.tion zones and t?le physical bar:'ier at the pert.meter of the ;:irott!Cted ~
shall !le :,rcviced.
~~~~~~~~~~,referabl7 ?>y :::iesn.s 01 closed cfrcuit televmon or 'by other suitable means which llmi~ exposure of ?eSi)OUd~~~~~~~~~~~
personnel to possible a.ttac!r.
<'f> Alar=.s occur..n; within unoc:ctJ*
pied vaults and unoccu;,ied in&tenal access ana.s ecntainin~ unalloyed or Wl~ed stn.telie speda.l llUcle-ar mater1a.1 shall be a.s.ses:.ed by at.
~~~~~~~~~~1east two ~ty personnel u.smr cloMd circ:uit televtsion < CCT7l or other remote means.~~~~~~~~~~
(8) Alarms OCC'UrrinC wtthln unoc:eu-pled material access areu that contain only alloyed or enc:1pau.ia:ed..stnter.c si:ecial nuclear :natenal shall be u-sesaed as ill Pancr&Ph m a.cove or ?>r at least t'TO Security pe_.pSQz:uiel who shall unde~o a. s~h. oetcre e:ut!nc the aJAtertal a.ccea lreS..
11. Section 73..;5 !.s smended to c~e the tan:i "=ciustrtal s&bo~e**
to ndioloe!Cll sal:ou.ae" wlarever it a.ppeus.
U. Sedan ~3<1:t> i.1 r'!'rised to read u !ollo-:va:
f ~~ Requinmenc. tor physic:al pro,_
doa ol llceftffd xumtes in nucl-power reactors &pins& r:ldio~
,abocap.
i'?Ustcal-MCU:ity orp.nization.
Cl> The llce!laee sbaJl establ.Lsh a.secu-rity orpni:aeiOO. l.nC!'lldi.D.C iUUds, to protect hi1 tacWty 3.13,imt radiololical
~o~e.
<2> At lea.st one !ull-t!me member of the security olT<l,.D,ization-who has the autllortt7 to direct the physical ;,ro-PIDKA&. lllGISTD. VOL 43. NO. l~W11)NISDAY, AUGUST 9, 1971
_tectlon...sctivities of t."le seeurit7 Of'T3.*
~~~~~~~~~~nizatton. shall be o~ite a.t all r:'.mes.~~~~~~~~~~
, <3> 1:'he Ucensee !hall have :1 :nan*
agement JYStem to ;,rovtde tor the de-telopmenc. revt.ston. tmpltmentation.
and enforcement of securit7 :;,roee-duns. The systam m3.ll Include:
m Written security procedur5 which document the st:ruc:t".u-e of :he seeurtty orp,niza.t!oa and wt-..ich de~
and duties of i1,Lat"'...s. ;;-a.teh::ien a.ncl other lndiv1dual.s respoc.sibl! for.secu*
rity; and
Provf.lion !or written approval of such procedures and an:, revt.sion.s thereto oy the lndiVidual. Ti.th overall respomibilltY for the sec-.u::y !unc*
tions.
< 4> The licensee shall not pen:!.it an individual to a.ct a.s a,uard. watchman or armed _response :,erson. or other member of the security orr,m!zat!on unless suc:h indivtdu3l has ~n trained. equipped. a.cd c;uallfied to perform each a..si1t1ed securit7 joo duty in accordance With ap~endix B.
ot this part *~neral Criter'..a. tor Se-curity Personnel'" to be pullU.,hed 300n a., an e!!ecttve rule. Upon the l"!ql.!'5' of 10 authorlud representa.t!ve of t..'le Commission the Ucensee s!:all demon*
stnte the a.llillt:; of the ;,hysical secu*
rity persoanel to car.-r out their a.s-signed duties and.res;,oasibWties.
Each 1uard. watchman. armed re-s;,onse :,erson. a."ld other me:1:er of the security orpa!z:ation shall r~ua-ll!y in accordance with appendl:t B of this part at leut every 12 months.
Such requall!lcaeion shall be docu*
~~~~~~~~~~ienud. By C3OO cl.ayS &!ter th$ rule b~cme:s e!!ective> ea.ch licensee shall submit a. t~ and qua.lillcatioa.s~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~,la.n outll.nin&' the ;iroces.,es by,;vh.ich~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~,uards. watchmen. ar.ned ~ome~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~,erson.s. and other memllers of the se-curity O?'iu.nizatioc. \\1ill be selected.~~~~~~~~~~
tra.ined. equipped. tested. and quali-fied to assure these individuals meet the requittments o! ~ ~h.
The tn.1nina and quall!lcaticms plan shall lncluce a schedule to show how all security persoru:el Will be qualified b1 (;ntmn 2 1ea.."'S a..'ter the rule be-comes '!!!ecti\\"'e) or Within 2 1e:us a!ter the..submitted ;,Ian Is approved.
whicht-.,.er Ls later. The trainlni' a.nd qualltlcation.t ;>1&!1 shall be !allowed.
by the llcemee a.fter < 500 d.ar3 a!ter the rule becomes e!!ecti~> or sod.an after the submitted s::la.n Is a.ppro*ed by the Z..'"RC. whichever ls later.
~~~~~~~~~~13. Section 73.5~< ~> Is. amended to.~~~~~~~~~~
add a. new subparaera;:,h C4} to read as follows:
J ~:-Sa Requinfflents ror ph73lc::i1 :x,,tee*
tio11 ol licensed ktivities in nucl~ar po*et' rnctors apinat radloio,Jio1 sabocap.
c 11 Testinl' and ~!a.lntenance. * *
~~~~~~~~~~C4> The security proar.,.m.;hall~~~~~~~~~~~~
Viewed a: lea.st every 12 :nonc.l::.s by in*
dividt.13.ls independent of 'both Sec".U:tY management and.sec-J.rity superv1sioa.
The reView shall include a :evtew &nd audit of security procedures and Pr.M:*
t!ces. evaluauon of the eUec:ivenes.1 ot the pnysical :,rotec:tion system. aa audit of the Ph7!ical ;iroteetion system testinr and maint.enance s::ro-i:-am a::d ~ audlt o! commit?:ienr.. !S-tabli3hed !or response by local !aw en*
foreement authorities. The results o!
the. revtew audit *3.lld evaluation alone With recommendat!ons for eol'T'eccior-..s and improvement.,, 1t any, shall ?>e do-cumented.. reported co the licensee's plan, manaament, and to cori:;orate mana.ement at lea.st one level
~~~~~~~~~~hiiher t!laa. thac havtr.c responsil:IWt:, !or the da.7 to da.y plant open.C!on. The re-ports shall be kept available at the~~~~~~~~~~
>la.-

t !or inspection !or a period ol ~
,.~.
U. Section 73.55<h> ls amend~ !o renumber ~graph (h)(5) a.s (hl(~)
and rerua ;,ar:ig:ra;,a b.<4> a.s pa..-a-
,raphs Ch> (4) and C5} a., !allows:
§ "l'3.55 Requirements tor ph1'!kal prtKee*
ttoll of UCfflled s.ctinties in nuc!fV poll'ff reactors spins& radiolopcal saoocqe.
<h> R~oa.se ~uirement: * * *
<4> trpon de,tecttoa of acnorma.L ;)res-ence or activity of persons or *1ehicle.s within an f.solacton zone. a p1'1)tected area. a mater.al 3.Cces.s area. or a *rttal z.rea; or u;,O11 e7idence or Indication oi lnausion into & ;,re~ area.. ::lAta-rial ac:ceM area. or Vital area. the U*
cecsee secur1ty o~aniza.Uoa shall:
m Detarmine w!:ether or not a.
threat exi.lt.s.
<11> As.less the extent of the threat.
!! any.
<111>
Tak& im=edi&te concurrent tneasur~ to neatra.Uze the threat or.
C.%.l Re<iuirtna res;,onsinl iUUd.s to interp(IR themselves tet"":Veen mater.al access areas and Vital area.s and a:27 a.dvenary attemptmc entry !or the
,ur;,oae of theft o! SQecial o.uc

le&r ::::.a-urial or lndu.st:i.al saoocap and to i:l*
tercept any person e:titinl with special nuclear materia.l. aod.
' taformmc !oc:il law en!orcement agencies-of the threat and requestin~
assi:stacce.
CS) The licensee shall in5tr.ict ev~ry cnard. to prevent or imEJede ~..empted a..'"t.1 of theft or industrial sabotase 07 us~ !orce sut..aicienr: co counter the force ~ed a.c him :..'lcluc.ir.i dea.dly force when the r.a:r:i nas a rea.sonal:lle belle! it Is necessary i:1 seL!-de!en.se OL" in the defense o! others.
~~~~~~~~~~15. The prebtory lanil,lage o! } 73. 'T~~~~~~~~~~~
and J 73.iO (Cl md l i) i:s :'e\\-ueci to read a. follows:
f':'3.,IJ ~
Ea.en Ucemee subiect-i:o the :,rcn*
sioa.s of H i3.2tl. 73.25. 73.28. 13.27.
andior 'i3.,5, 73A6. a.ad/or f 73.SS shall ~eep t~e tollowtn~ :-tter'...s:
<c> A rer.ster ot 'lisitors. vendors.
and other indiviciuw not employed by
~~~~~~~~~~tb.e licensee pursun.n~ co H 73.46< d><lO >~~~~~~~~~~
and 73.55<dXd>.
Cg) 52'..i;:meab ot 3"ecial aucl~ar ma--
renal.subject to the requirernenr.i o!
th.ls i;::ar!. !nciuam~ na.m~ of c:i.mers.
major ro&e.s to t:e i.ued. fil;iht nu:::l:lers in the case of air !Shipments. ca;~ and H;,ected tunes of dl?:>arture a:id arriv*
al. oi ltJ;,mencs.,erific::i.:~on of com-munication '!qui-;,ment on toa.rd the tra..""IS!er vehicle, names of mdi.,idua..l.i who are to comml.l.nic:ate Wi.t.h tile t~rt vehicle, container s~ ce--
sc:-ipeicns and identif!cation. and a."t)*
other i.c.!or::ati.Jn to con!lrm che
~~~~~~~~~~near..s utillzed co com~J.y with §§ i3.25, 73.:?6 a.."?d i3.!?T. Such iniormation shall be ::-ecorded prior u, sh.ipr:ent.~~~~~~~~~~
In!or::1ation obtained durtr:.&'
tne course of tt:e sr..i:,cieoc such 3..3 regorr..l ot sll eommt:.?'.ications, ch3.ntie of shiP-pq ;,l.a.n inclu~ ::::ionitcr cha.n6~
t:-...ce tn.*esc:f3.t!o~ and other jhail also be reco::-ded.
f :'3.:'t (.-\\mend.a]
~~~~~~~~~~16. Section 73.'il(a} is 1-mended to change ~he r~fe~ to J 73.30<!) :o re!erence J 73:Z'l'( ~>.~~~~~~~~~~
§ ':'O~ (Amended]
t7. Section 'l'o.::cir> is ac:ienaed ~o :-e*
,lace re!e~nce *** *
~~~~~~~~~~j§ i3.J0 throusn 73.36 * *... With re!erence to ;,a..r: 73.~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~§ i0.J% [Amended J lS. Section 7O.32CdJ !.s amended co r-e-place Che reference to f 73.~O<.e> with re!e~ce to i'art 'i3.~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~19. ~tion iO.32Ce> is amended :ore-place the re!e:-ence to ;,ar~n C!l with reference co pa.rt 73.~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~o. Section 70.32W i.s deleted.~~~~~~~~~~
<s<<. lSU. P'.1b. t..33-703. da Stu. 94a: ~
ZOl. :?O<ltb><ll. ?\\!::i. t- ~3-433. 38 St:i.t. l:?-l3.
1245 CU !J.S.C. :?:01. 5o-ll. sa..-.1.,
FIDO.Al llGISTU.. VOL~ NO. 154-WHl~AY, M:GUST 9, 1971
~~~~~~~~~~35338 j~~~~~~~~~~
,a*
I Dated at Wa.ahinatcm. C.C. t.h1s 1st I day of~ 19'78.
I Pol' the ::fuclear Reswator-7 Com*
mJ.saioa.
~~~~~~~~~~&xrJZtJ.cmiz.~~~~~~~~~~
8<<:nttrr'I o/ tJu CommittimL, CPR Ooc. '11-U'i,1 P!Ied 5-3-78: 8:46 aml
ENCLOSURE F
The Honorable Michael A. Bilandic Mayor of Chicago Chicago, IL 60602
~~~~~~~~~~Dear Mr. Mayor:~~~~~~~~~~
On August 15, 1978, I received a letter from Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft about shipment of high enriched uranium through O'Hare airport.
Their letter reflected some apparent misconceptions concerning this matter.
In response, therefore, I provided them a documented staff -summary of facts and events following the December 2, 1977 announcement issued by the City of Chicago on this subject.
I am enclosing a copy of that response which may also be useful to members of your staff and other interested parties.
The possible use of military airports for exports and imports of high enriched uranium is still being considered by the Executive Branch.
The NRC staff will keep your office infonned of any new developments in that regard and maintain close coordination with Chicago officials until this matter is finally resolved.
Sincerely, Joseph M. Hendrie Chainnan
~~~~~~~~~~Enclosure:~~~~~~~~~~
Letter to Messrs. Nader, Pollock and Bancroft from Chairman Hendrie dated -----
cc:
The Honorable Zbigniew Brzesinski Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs ENCLOSURE F

ML23111A279

Contents

Text

Subject:

Purpose:

Background

Enclosures:

Enclosures:

Dear Di ck:

Enclosures:

Dear Dr. Brzezinski:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. Mayor:

Enclosures:

Participants:

Purpose:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. King:

Dear Dr. Brzezinski:

Dear Mayor Bilandic:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. Mayor:

Enclosure:

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ML23111A279

Text

Subject:

Purpose:

Background

Enclosures:

Enclosures:

Dear Di ck:

Enclosures:

Dear Dr. Brzezinski:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. Mayor:

Enclosures:

Participants:

Purpose:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. King:

Dear Dr. Brzezinski:

Dear Mayor Bilandic:

Enclosures:

Dear Mr. Mayor:

Enclosure:

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