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b, September 20, 1963 Edgar Wayburn, M.D.
Pronident, Sierra Club 1050 Mills Tower 220 Puch St.
San Francicco, California l
Dear Dr. Wayburns
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At Bench Lake, wo discussed concarvation for California, in particular as it relates to the present controversy over the Pacific Gas and Electric Company's project for a power plant
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l on Bodega Head.. I believe that the Sierra Club position in the controversy over this and other nuclear power projecto chould bo based on the broadest possible view of conservation of natural resources. I cm writing to 'olaborata on this position, which I l
cm at the nomcat studying with my collongua in research, Alczander j
Grendon.
I am also concerned about the Sierra Club's involvescat in the juridical-scientific-political aspects of nuc1 car power
.s development. At your campfire talk in Upper Basin, you stated that the Sierra Club was not taking up the complex matter of 4
safety of nuclear reactors. Ihis seemed to me the only conceiv-able proper course, cinco the cnalysis of reactor safety requirca a concerted vide array of expert knowledge so hard to acccablo l
that Congreco and the President have long agreed that the re-sponsibility should be rccerved exclusively to the Federal Govern-ment. On qy return from the countains, her.rever, I find that the j
Club has allowed itself to be put in the position of appearing
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co attack reactor safety on more than one occasion. It has j
sponsored distribution of a circular letter by A. E. Caede opposing all nucicar power plants along the California coast and basing j
its arguments almost wholly on the issues of reactor safety and j
i Power economics. I have also boca shown another document distrib-uted by the Club almoot a year ago that dealt at even greater j
length with the safety of the proposed Bodega reactor. Both j
these docu=ents are innacurate and, in my opinion, irresponsible
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distortions of the, facts regarding the hnurda of nuclear power
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Ecuaration.,I would urge that the Sierra Club should actively j
disassociate itself from such irresponsible statements. If you gj l
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o Edgar Wayburn, M.D.
Page 2 September 20, 1963 vish, Grendon vill provide you with a listing of. inaccuracies in these documents and vill be gisd to discuss the arguments raised in them.
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Grendou and I'have prepared the enclosed memorandum which we should appreciate your transmitting to the Board of Directors, in the hope that it may be. helpful to you and them in your consideration of these matters.
Sincerely yours, I
Hardin B. Jones
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.a L ':(. 3 HEMORANDUM e,
REGARDING CONSERVATION AND POWER' DEVELOPMENT Submitted to.
gdgar Wayburn,.H.D., President Sierra Club.
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September 20, 1963 4
t Because we recognize the overwhelming importance of conservation in its broadest sense, we wish to contribute some thoughts' r
- toward the formulation of a constructive view of the harmonious i
development of power and land and water use and the preservation of.
l natural beauty.7 We trust the Sierra Club will join in developing and j.
espousing-such a view.
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l The glories of our State are such that, at times, we have thought it almost worth being now dead to.have lived in California as l
it was, say, in the early.19th century. Often, in our wish to conserve.
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the virgin beauty of our land, we have been tempted.co seek its. eternal l
preservation everywhere. Nothing in fact close to this status can be,
achieved; even to preserve a portion of it_in its pristine' form would2 necessitate restricting its enjoyment arbitrarily to a small elite..
corps. The most remote wilderness areas in the Sierras are attractions.
to a generation of knapsackers who, now by.the many hundreds.and soon,, 4 '
by the thousands and tens of thousands, will, through love for tha' I
noble l upper lands, trample those remote recesses of our modntains' until they are less verdant, less lonely, and mo're bent to man. Undoubt-
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edly we can do much to reduce the erosion of the Sierras, but we cannot i
turn off the traffic which destroys the virgin bloom. This is but one 1
aspect of the problem of population growth within California and through-1 I
out our nation. We cannot be effective in our conservation efforts unless we recognize the course of history and keep our; goals within attainable '
limits. We should aim toward conservation rules and measures that will 1
protect almost all of the total beauty of our most unspoiled' regions,.
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l 95% perhaps, in spite of the traffic in recreation by hordes of mountain j
l, lovers.
Preservation of the. scenic beauty of the California coast is' aven l
more urgent because it has already largely been altered by asn; and 'now -
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1 it.is. evident,that power development for California-and the West'may.'
depend upon the use of portions'of the seashore. The. dilemma we face!
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'ia.that several egitical aspects of our population growth and our i
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advancing standards of 'living' place 1 conflicting. simultaneous ' demands 4 %
n on the same natural, resources.of landi: water, sir, minerals,:sc'enic3.n.
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beauty, etc.- As we, grow more.afflues.':, we want more electricity, carsb
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houses, roads, motor boats, airplanes, individus1 living cpace., parks, i
beaches, potable water, manufactured soods, and farm products.
all but beaches, parks, and living space depend heavily on the use of energy, j
Of that list, l
1 and even bosches and parks require the expenditure of energy in order to develop and maintain them. Of that list, the last item alone, farm products, illustrates the crucial importance of assuring for the forescocbic future a continued supply of energy in forms suited to mobile use. To supply i
more and more food for increased numbers of people living ever more abund-antly, and to do this on decreasing acreage because of the necessarily i
1 increasing use of land area for living space, including homes, parha, roads, industrial developments, and wilderness arcas, requirco continual increase in encrgy consumption for farm machinery, trucks, and other transportation. Without fuel for these uses, and the electric power that holps to make fertilizers and posticides, and the petrochemicals that form the bases for these essential compounds, modern man would starve to death. Electricity generated without consuming our priceless fossil fuel recorvos must be made to carry as much as possible of our increasing power demands, so as to extend the life of our diminishing fuel resources for transportation and other mobile requirements that nucicar energy cannot meat.
'the energy consumption per capita in a prosperous stato such as ours doubles every 10 years or so; and this rate is likely to accelerate -
p as we find it necessary to use energy to maka up deficiencies of other
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resources. 'Ihc principal example of this kind is fresh water, needed for s
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farms and factories-and ho=co. Just to move water from north to south I
is going to require far greater amounts of power than the stream system
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can generato; and when more water is needed, distillation of sea water
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is likely to be the only solution, requiring energy in enormous amounts.
At the same time that per capita demand doubics, California's populatior. doubics at close to the same rate. A three to fourfold increase
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in energy requirement every 10 years seems in prospoet for some timo.
This placca pressurca upon our limited resources of fossil fuels, which' have to be imported even now to the extent of about 60fo; upon our air, which is already dangerously loaded with products of combustion; upon our i
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fresh water, if wa place steam power plants inland away from seawater for condenser coolant; upon our seashore, if we place such plants along the h
coast; upon our scenic values, if power plants are allowed to look uglior -
- [4 than need be. Dodging one unpleasant choico may compel a worce one; for cxample, vc could avoid many of these undesired consequences of increasing energy demand by ratioping pouer or forbidding immigration into California..
p from other states. W4 can hoop power plants off the seacoast only by j
accepting some serious disadvantages greatly reduced thermal efficiency >'
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t ed hence corra:pondin31y increased consumption of fusig incresed de:: and on our alredj hard grest.cd frc h vster supplico if we east use evcporativo coolore; cat icercced cocts that reprecent riollars which could t.o used Perchase of recreational land cud water crcas now priva on California's limited fossil fuct resource j not addina cosus c,
Products to our c=os-burdened ' air, and low enough in cost to offer econonic prospects of dosslinctins water on a larco se Lo a fou decades hence.
2bcIcar pwcr is the only knaun ocurce that ccets theno restuirc= nca on the '
scale denanded.
Whether nuclear heat or fossil fusi is used, the festsra mentioned chovo vill make it no cut tore etantsecous to placo nest of theco plants along the ceccoast that the probica thoco of uo tio lava the tha fact thet our very lives depend on the availability o of the essential pwor plants minimiso their nr.avoidabic in our enjoyment of the shore.
respects
!!uelcar power han certain advantc;es in this' ec:cho or grime or foul odor and fer ic:a notect the recetor it t
contrast to cosustion pner generators, can often be pinced ender, ground, thus reducing the height abovo tround of the plcat; there aro' no c=op j
s Ivroducing products of conbustion.
favor the use of nucicar pover over fossil fuelThese factors should make conservationists"{
- q broader anpoets of our fuel and cnergy problen., even neslecting the i
14e uo insist that the area surrounding the plent be developed to enh=nce, or at least not dininish, the opportunities for recreational ji enjoyment.
vith restoration of beach areas after countructiona con cake
!;j of the land; at tho'same time berring the kind of chero j:
development that has closed so c:ach of our ocean beach area to.public j
i ceceos.
may be imposed as a requira:r.ent t4here conditions por=tt,Tha j
test of organisaticas such as the sierra ClubefforTs of utility com Any voluntary i
I In fact, hovaveg,the C1ch?scems to have taken a position in opposition to all nucicar power development in California cud to have I
aligned itsoif, perhaps -inadvertcutly, with an inaccursta and ccotional ccupaisa that distorts tha facta 'about nucicar hazcxda and hopes thereby il w<
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1 fr to preserve the ccaat in status que, nestecting the pbvious is::t that tbs alternative to nuotoar power plants is not the instant creation of so o new and' inoffensive cource of caergy but the construction of nore foscil-fuel plants along the coast,cach of chich voald be core offermive' co eyep.
ear and noco than an equivalent nuclear plaac.
We should rer;;ot scains cho Olorra Club diminish ico prcatica i
j and its effutivonass in support of true concertation by involvoccat with j
cztrenist groups, especially whca that tJ.c pats the Club in tha unfamiliar <
and inappropriate role of endorsing insccurate anelyses of nuclerr sciety..
Our appeal is that the Club place its strc:.ach behind a proarca to attnin the i;rcatast det,rea of conaarvation compatible with the develor-ent of the.
stato and its people for an indefinitely long tim chead; tLt it baco its stand on its interest in the recrosticsal aa.1 esthetic values to 5.tich it is pledgad rathat than on some other group'a trumped up crcutants chout the supposed hasards; and that it saak always to offer constructive guidcaco tottard ways to achieve its cutdoor recreational aks in tha Irc:.mork of reality rather than taking the negative position that all populatica grxath,
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vith its accaapanying industrial, agricultural, housing, and his :ay 3
development, r.ast cease. We should all be sackini;; the concervatica vny to guido developusat of our state for:the expcasion of neders of people l
and activities yot to come. The acnaral magnitude of this chansa is a j
great force; status que conservation will not stop its covc:: cut but a l
g conservation based upea a plan for development ad preservation can i
i succeed.
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.THE { SURCES ACENCY CF CALIFCRNIA I ~
Memorandum
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D,' ' ' Pnblic Utilities Consission Date :
August 27, 1963 Room 5052, State Building San Francisco, California No No.:
San Onofre Nuclear
Subject:
Power Plant - Camp Pendleton From : Office of the Administrator Reference is made to uty letter of July 15 presenting numerous recommendations for inclusion in any permit to be granted to Southern California Edison regarding fish and vi1A1Me and public recreation matters.
Further reference is made to testimony presented on my behalf by Harold Bissell on July 17-18 at the Public Utilities Commission hearing. As a result of the N
hearing meetings between the Departments of Fish and Game and Parks and Recrea-tion and Southern California Edison have been held.
As a result of these meeting several agreements have been made which vill improve the recommendations of the Resources Agency.
I would like to supersede my letter of July 15 and add to the testimony made on my behalf on July 17-18 with the following recommendations:
Fish and Wildlife Department of Fish and Game personnel have discussed at length with represen-tatives of Southern California Edison the proposec program of oceanographic study and surveillance which we believe is necessary to ensure the integrity of the marine resources in the vicinity of the proposed plant, and I under-l stand that general agreement has been reached on the nature and extent of the program.
l Accordingly, I would like to advise the Public Utilities Commission that we expect to have a final agreement signed and a copy delivered to the Commission in the very near future.
Rather than recommend that the details of the above program be made a part of the permit, I reconenend that the permit be conditioned upon execution of an agreement betweer the Department of Fish and Game and Southern California Edison regarding said program.
Public Recreation
'!he Department of Park's and Recreation has devoted further study to recreation proposals and has had discussions with the Public Utilities Commission staff.
In view of the proposal to move Highway 101 inlara, on-the-ground ava=4 nation convinces us that the plant site can be located between the freeway and the ocean as is now proposed by Southern California Edison.
With this in mind the following five points constitute the recommendations of the Resources Agency regarding recreation:
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It is recommended that no construction or any kind of fin, retaining van, or pipeline be placed upon the beach in any way that would
- encroach upon the surface of the beach as'it exists today.
2.
At such time as the public is granted access to the' adjacent beaches, Southern California Edison win grant to the state a reasonable right-
.of-way across the property under its control.
3 Railroad' accesses, vehicular accesses, retaining wans, fences, bnWinga, and equipment should be located and designed in such a way that the-physical appearance of the entire instanation is as pleasing and unobtrusive as possible.
4.
'the aspects of beach erosion should be recognized as a serious problem in the construction of those features which necessarily will traverse the beach and water areas in front of the plant site and every effort should be made to do nothing which would permanently interfere or
~ dversely alter the natural existence of the beaches at' and adjacent a
to the proposed plant site.
5 In the event of need for the disposal of surplus material removed from the plant site excavation, no material determined by either party to be detrimental to the beach should be disposed of in the ocean.
I hereby authorize Mr. Harold Bissen to present this statement on my behalf and to conduct discussion for me on fish and wildlife matters at the August 28 Public Utilities Commission hearing. Mr. Robert Hatch is authorized to conduct discussion for me on public recreation matters.,
Administrator
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a TIIIS IS TIIE h'EVADA DESERT where
....:kar desices have been exploded osca :. :: year period. The time in the picture above II.
Ab. neer.cs one of the first expressior.s of ddl dW a::d immural" use nad tenting of nuc! car we.ipmis.
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obedience in Nevada protesting the inm: 0 members of the Nomi./.ent Actki.a against Nuclear Weapons who beh;d a The participants:
two day rigt! Aug. 6 and 7, in defiance of /.tomic Energy Commission rules.
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... Noic ruf c'h Barrioli is / cad More often than not stories levels of lodine 131. The story of lettkoni<s or ennrcr of the have been blached out of major did not appear in the daily press bloadst rec ut.
/t wars fHat his periodicals and local neupap. in West Coast cities. The New he: ret incle to be horas its that era after appearing briefly in York Times did not carry the cimmt e mpty part of Neenths The Wall Street JournrL The story.
Christian Science Muttor or The Aug.17 'G3 report ap.
Jch ri Eccch er-profresional publication-un.
peering in The San Francisco -
Poema u n HG2 known to the general pudh.
Chronicio camo fo!!owing pub 11 C"
SAN FRANCISCO - On 3,000 CIl!LUMON f
t n er it August 5 the text.bpn treaty g,
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a San the language M 'wllow nt !.v.
"It is not known," says Tho els" of radiation dem le Chronicle, how much radio.
Frat:ci9co newrpaper ptlblished ed iodine got into milk in the nren e
he over how much 91 te.<
'm surrounding the Nevnda test n
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wat "e &* "" r.rwnd* as such Oct.
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1961 tnc.
u!c site as a result of 80 abovo Health Service nald, "th. uru.
ground tests between ID51 and h
dent course is to ass 6mc diere 1958 hecause until 1062 the Cov-
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-idiation la no jevel of radiation exposure ernment wasn t looking for th[dhe -ra<We 3N thl!ne has below which one can be Wo.
radio-lodine in the right placo comututed u. he.!. hnzard."
lutely certain that harmM. ". at the right time.
fects may not occur whim ruf.
Dr. Harold A. Xnnpp, a for.
Sixteen dayr later on August f ciently large nurr.bers of ' mer fallout expert with the 21 there was another report on ple me inv@ edy AEC. reported similar findings Nevada, a de!!nitive report, on the Nevada Utah area. Dr.
"The first," said The New York How many people rro suf.
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pendently of the University of Times. "to assert that radiation exposures have reached levels The report en radiat!cn in Utah study and provoked renc.
at which there is general enedi. Nevada estimates that at least tions in the ACE. " ranging all cu agreement that physical 3.000 children in Nevada-and W Wy from favorable to com.
damnge would result."
Utah-received excessive doses pletely negative."
of radiation.
The Times story appeared en Aurtst 02, from Washington Dr. Eric Reiss, assoc'inte pro.
TIIYuOID AFFECTED reporter John W. Finney. Said fessor of medicine at the Wash.
"Like ordinary lodine," coma Finney several thousand chil.
ington University School of ments The Cht onicle, " radio-dien in Nevada and Utah have Medicine, presented the report lodino concentrates in the thya probably received hazardous on Aug. 21 to a joint Congres. road gland. A child's thyroid doses of fallout radiation from s!onaLAtomic Encrgy pubcom.
is part!cularly susceptibic to the nuclear testmg in Nevada over mittee on behalf of the St. Louis potentially, harmful effects c'f the laet 12 yearn."
Cit!zens Committee for Nuc! car radioactive iodine because it is On Aucurt ':5 the U.S. Pub. Infmmmtion.
smaller and u. ore sensitive."
lic llealth Service announced Asked why the AEC ignoted plans to " expand" its 13 year CANCEn EXI'ECTED the dangers of radio-lodine, Dr.
o!d study of leukemia deaths in Char!cs L. Dunham, director of Nev:'dn nnd I.'tah.
. Reiss predicts 30 to 12 the AEC's division of biology ceses of thyroid cancer ameng and medicino rald:
D A NG L': M!N!3M7.CD those children exposed.
"We were too busy chasing On f%tr. ember 10 Time Mag.
"The report." says The Times, strontium 90."
onme ' devoted most of its "was high!y critical of the Strontium 90 is the element "s d e n c <:" pc.,e to a report on A tomic Energy Commission's responsibic for bone cancer.
t h <- Nemsmiut Esk!mo vilinge procedures for monitoring the On Sept. D the U.S.
Fublic
<s f Anaktuvuk in the Drooks henith hazard posed by fallout Hen!th Service reported a rec.
P me. rod of the Arctic from the Nevnda tents."
ord high nationally for stron.
Ci t de.
The inhabitants of The report. continues Finney, tium 00 for June of this year-A n:Otuvuh nye carrying a " criticized the commission for dc'uble the national level for
- 7%:e Wy burden" of caesiam its inadottuate procedures which June,1002, the highest for any
""."v of 'ho most harmful failed to look for the amount of amount last year.
e n "titet"nu of fallout," in radioactive lodine entering the QUESTION RAISUD r~ un9 cut eding nearly 100 food supply. With proper mon.
Last May the Federn! Radi.
t" ei the hurden of fallout in itoring procedures... It would ation Council said most levels
- M U.S.
have been possible to take would increase substantially "So far." reports Time can.
t.imple preventa tive measures this year as a result of nuclear Od!y, '1he Nun:imiut Eskimos such as removal of local con' weapons tests by both the U.S.
M.vc rhown r.o symptoms of taminated milk supplies that and the USSR in 'C1 and '02. Of 19 ser ous lllnetres that can would have reduced the radia.
course, they add comfortably, ectne from too mur:h radiation, tion exposure to children.
the levels will "still be, in rein.
but no x<Mntiut can b3 confident "The commission declined to tive terms. far short of figmes th t r,ta h symptnms w!!! not comment on the report until its which couki cause concern or cppent in the future."
officials had an opportunity to justify counter mensures."
Hun <h eds of nrtic!cs have lead it."
'<The question raind liy the been v/ritten over the years MILK RE3tOVED treaty? terHex Robert
.V.
cn y!ng danger: falluut. Dut Hutchin.t. forsncr prrxMent of
<My o,zer.:lonn::/ in media with Ominous levels of radienctiv. the Unferraity of Chirufro. "it n rnis"s dreulnt. ion. They were ity in nLutes bordering the Nev.
tchether vc ahnli <fo on poluon.
rd%!- d re<.tly or indirectly nda testing nrca could nearec1y in <i beh!rs, rorf, her, r/i tiarr
- by repeutious reports from be news to the AEC. On Aug.
L<rlea. for.thet sult<: of momo (N N:er:tl Ea<liation Cmmeil 3, PG2 The Wall Strect Journal
<tida n t, h ypothrhr n!. n.:<tef he.
.n
- e. bl.
in e f for t, don't renot1ed Uthh and Fnit lac aMr. pre;D< fib.'r en davrp n&<tn.
o o ; <.t
! r:iW!.un Imr.:
Csy be:.!th c:0s ints hM M "n ivre tP" h v. LI.' l.( b/W Mrbl[d
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+/u Senator Hit on Bodega AtomPlant f
~
j None was quoted in the let-The chairman of the Joint dedicate the utility's nuclearj ter, signed by the group's Congressional Committee on power plant on Humboldt executive se,cretary, David E.
1 Bodega. In press interviews,'
he commented that people l
Atomic Energy got called'a Bay, A letter to him from the Pesonen.
carpetbagger, interloper, out. Notti ern California Associa.
In the prepared text of his can rest assured that the AEC will not license the plant un-sider 'and general nuclear'no.
speech at Eureka, the Sena.
le s i is abs 1 e1y 8
good yesterday by opponents n'd of PG&E's proposed atomic a very c r ind io t t tor'said: "I am pleased that power platt at Bodega Head. the company is hastily im-Pacific. Gas and Electric is al-Senator John O. Pastore, porting political outsiders to ready planning another pr!- Opponents claims the site Democrat of Rhode Island, shore up"the Bodega project. vately financed reactor at Eo. ' would be dangerous because o was raked over for a passing Which of the Senator's state'- dega Head.. T s s a eah lthy lit is on an ea
y hi i t
.. ; s reference to the Bodega site ments tred the NCAPBDH development"
-- i i Itwas the only reierence,to
.last Monday while helping was not made clea'r.-
9 94. p.
i l
t I
4 e
l t,
sps 3 -
9/>7#
.~.p.
-; Unique f
a New Charges Opposition spaa In B ega
- To A-Plant 9
u Plan,t ispute'
" ' " + " ' "
b A group of n u clea r Bodega Head conserva-engineers defended the con- !
troversial $64 million Bo. '
tionists necused.the Pacific Gas & Electric Comanny dega Head atomic power plant here yesterday, say.
yesterday of. im po rtin g ing that opposition to it I
" political carpetbaggers into the controversy over was unique in the Nation. '
the nuclear plant project Other areas, they said, ht the Head.
have not only welcomed nu- }'
The charge was made in a Iclear power plants but have letter sentito Senator John promoted them as objects of 8
0/ P a s t o r o (Dem. - R.I.),
civic pride.
3 chairman.of the joint Con.
George Redman, of the gressional. Committee.. on Dresden nucicar power plant of the Chicago Common. I Atomic E n e r g y by 1 h e wealth Edison. Company, Northern California Assocla-
'tlon to Preserve B o d e g a
.said that residents there are Hea'd and Harbor.
proud that the. plant is in i their midst.'
Noting that Senator, Pas-tore gave: his." blessing ' to
."They t.se the plant sym. !
PG&E's nuclear power plant bol to promote the area," he i
said.
i' at Bodega Baycthe associa.
tion alleged that "there is a "We.had no opposition on very clear indication that the the grounds of safety or any other grounds when we de-company is hastily importing cided to build at Humboldt political, outsiders, to shore Bay farther u from Bodega,"p the coast up that ill. conceived proj' said James ect."
C'a r r o1, formerly at the The letter signed +by David E. Pesonen, executive sec-PG&E plant near Eureka.
"The question of' conserva-retary, also alluded to rc.
1106 did not arise there."
marks made September 13
. The nuclear plant should by Representative Craig
.be welcomed, said Patrick J.
Hosmer, tRep-C a 1i f.), : an-Selak, manager of nuclear other member of the Con-engineering development for gressional Committee < 11os-Kaiser Engineers.
mer charged that opposition "From the esthetic view-to the nuclear plant has tak*
point, a. nuclear plant is far en on the aura of a " nuclear more attractive' than a con.
witch hunt."
ventional steam plant - and "Mr.. Hosmer's. remarks PG&E could build a conven-
- were unworthy of reply,"
tional plant there with tall the letter read. "A'dellrlous stacks and smoke and flying commitment to PG&E was ash problems."
.quite evident in his phan-
- The three were participants toms.. u n d e r!,L the - bed in a conference at the Jack jcharges.k.". 4 t# m..
Tar Hotel sponsored by the j
dt. l L $/,[.'ep-.;i',..
American Nuclear Society to review experiences gained in the operation of'the dozen atomic power plants now op-
~
erating irt this country. Some 200 engineers and physicists from throughout the U.S. and Canada are attending..
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