ML20079M923

Response to NUMARC Survey Re Aquatic Resource Questions, Socioeconomic Questions & Waste Mgt Questions in Support of NRC License Renewal Rulemaking

ML20079M923
Person / Time
Site:	Arkansas Nuclear
Issue date:	11/11/1991
From:	ENTERGY OPERATIONS, INC.
To:
References
RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, S, WM, NUDOCS 9111110004
Download: ML20079M923 (22)

Text

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g AQUATIC RESOURCE QUESTIONS 5

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htHARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 AQUAT7.C RESOURCE QUL3TIONS 1-9

1. At the time of ANO Unit i licensing all aquatic life that was impinged in the intake structure were passed through grindets and woro flushed through the condonsor cooling system. The aquatic life is now captured on traveling acroons and washed into baskots which are disposed of at an on-sito landfill.

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2. There was only one signfficant incident of abnormalition and fish kills reported trom 1974 through 1989. The i

incident began in 1975 when como fish in the heated offluent bay Lorodosis (hum (dischargo area; were observed withpback or crooked spino). Most of the died. At the timo, this was the only area observed with the abnormality, and it was thought that the heated offluent from ANO was the casual agent. Fish samplos were taken and sent to independent isboratorios for analysis. The final conclusion was that, possibly toxaphono, an agricultural posticido, sas the culprit with the elevated water temperaturo in the offluent bay arca enhancing the offects of the postictio. This possibility was strengthened when, a fos yaars lator, fish woro observed with this abnormality in areas of Dardanello Reservoir unaf fected by the heated of fluent.

Also, toxaphone was lator banned and Lorodosia has rarely been obaarved af ter 1978. (See attachoc tablo 1.

for the four sampling stations).

From 1985 to 1990, 16 HPDES violations have boon recorded.

a. Six violations associated with the ANO Oil and Water separator (OWS). Violations related to the oWS 1 ave not occurred since 1988. ANO has the capability to divert the OWS discharge to a holding pond duriag upset conditions. No fish kill has been attribated to OWS out-of-spouification conditions.

b. Eight violations have been in the area of low volume waste. Out-of-specification conditions consist"ad of the dischar30 of solids above the specified limit. No adverso environmental conditions have boon associated with the above violations.

c. Two violations have been associated with the plant sewago treatment plant outfall. No fish kills or other environmental damage hus occurred as the result of these of thoso violations. ANO plans to upgrado the capacity of the plant sewage treatment facilition. This project should be completed by December, 1990. The upgraded system should oliminato I

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HUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 future violations.

No enforcement actions have been issued to ANO for i violating NPDES since the issuance of the Operating i License.

Records available since 1984 indicate that three reportable oil spill incidents have occurred. at ANO. l Reports of each incident are attached. No long term onvircnmental impact has been attributed to these incidents. No fish kills occurred as the result of these . incidents and oil clean-up vas confinnd to a small ,

area of Lake Dardanelle near the plant discharge. j

3. A description of changos to NPDES permit AR0001392 is provides in attachment 1.

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4. Arkansao Tech University and the University of Arkansas '

at Little Rock were contracted to perform fishery, zoo -

and phytoplankton, and physicochemical sampling of DardanelAs Reservior. T1e Arkensas Game and Fish commission also performed yearly rot onone surveys. The conclusions of t11s data are discussed below with supportini documents in attachment 2.

FISHERY EURVEY More than 30 specins of fish have been collected. The Americal Eul, a migaratory fish, has been collected occasionally. l l

Spawning acnivity of the various species of fish has )

been observed to van from year to year. Numbers of fish -

spawned varied as did each sample area. Habitat differemces probably account for most of the differences between. arena. Temperature has been found to be the most to lowsie$nificsnt 1ows appear factor affecting to extend the spawning activity. Mid spawning season.

Clupeidan species Cshad) are the dominant species spawned. D normalaties and parasites found on larval and juvenile fish are in all areas sampled with no apparent trend indicating an distribution and variation. ything but normal Fish weiglts have changed randomly over time, with the effluent bay not significantly different than the other areas samp?.ed. All but one species of fish sampled in the rotencte surveys exhibited an inclination toward random welqht distribution. Threadfin Shad in the effluent boy area tended toward non-random clustering.

Predator-to-prey ratios by weight appear to be randomly

! distributed within a. sample area. The effluent bay area has a higher ratio, usually, than the upstream control l

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i NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 station.

Species composition is randomly mixed and has not reached an equilibrium and is unlikely to do so.

fji1TQPLANKTON Phytoplankton abundance and number of taxa are not noticeably affected overall by plant operation.

Community diversity seems to have been enhanced slightly at the close stations affected by the heated effluent.

Douinance trendo are similar in both pro and post-operation surveys.

There was considerable fluctuation observed from sample quarter to sample quarter and year to year. Dominant taxa were seasonal with July having the greatest number of taxa, number per taxa and number of individuals.

However, October provided the greatest community diversity.

300PLANKTOH Zooplankton overall abundance and variety were slightly lower, with diversity remaining about the samo. Rotifer taxa were strongly dominant. The thermal discharge in the effluent bay appears to have caused a dominance shift between two rotifer taxa.

There is a greater phytoplankton to zooplankton ration at the close stations and the heated effluent apparently stimulated stronger fluctuacions (patchiness of distribution) in abundance and variety from year to year. The greatest abundance in the reservoir is in July; the least abundance in October.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL Considerable attention was focused of the effect the hented effluent from the plant would have on the reservoir. At the point of discharge, the temperature is evenly mixed, top to bottom. As the thermal plume moves down the effluent bay area, the thermal load is and is confined dissipated the surface within 2.5area km of (upper the point two feet)ischarge.

of d It was thought that dissipation of the heated effluent in the summer months would require more time and lake area; however, this has not been the case.

Dissolved oxygen content was greatly influenced by thermal loading. Close stations receiving heated effluent commonly had slightly greater dissolved oxygen, probably due to an elevated rate of photosyntheses.

Normal seasonal change accounted for most of the

l NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 variation in dissolved oxygen content throughout the reservoir. Data indicates that dissolved oxygen frequently goes below 5 mg/l under natural conditions, even going below the EPA 3 mg/l achte mortality limit under extreme climatic conditions such as occurred in 1979 and 1980. There was no evidence of significant impact on the fishery during those extreme conditions.

Copper and nitrite-nitrogen have remained fairly uniform in the reservoir with no apparent seasonal fluctuation, while chloride and conductivity appear to have declined somewhat. There is seasonal variation for turbidity, iron, phosphate and suspended solids. These are highest in spring and early summor corresponding to runoff periods. Total hardness, chlorido, sulfate, conductivity and nitrato - nitrogen are lowest in spring and early summer.

5. ANO personnel conducted the impingement and entrainment surveys. The conclusions obtained from the data collected are discussed below with supporting documents contained in attachment 3.

Impin emcnt is the collection of adult fish on the plant a traveling screens. In the years sinco plant operation, thoro have been 56 species of fish impinged.

Bectuso shad are intolerant of low water temperatures and become thermally stressed below 60 degrees F, Threadfin and Gizzard Shad comprise the greatest number and weight of fish impinged in any one year. Highest impingement numbers are seen October through March.

First year impingement numbers and weights were //

considerably higher (10 millien: .15,900 pounds) than j[

ensuing years (averags 2 mi!. lion; 29,000 to 66,000 f pounds).

i When calculated against reservoir estimates, impingement rates are reasonably insignificant.

l Peak impingement for selected species of fish are:

Threadfin Shad october thru March l Gizzard Shad October thru March Blue Catfish October thru April

, Channel Catfish April, July, October i Freshwater Drum: March thru August, October l Whito croppio No Clear Pattern l

Black Crappie December thru May Bluegill Sunfish March, July, August, November, December White Bass Juno, July, September, thru November Largemouth Dass No clear Pattern l

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NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 ENTRAINMENT Entrainment is the passage of larval and juvenile fish through the intake screens into the plant system then discharged. One hundred percent mortality is assumed.

Use of the Arkansas Tech fishery data indicates that the 4 l

intake area of the reservoir is the least productive of /?3 /

the four sample areas. Entralnment losses are . f' approximately 0.07% of the estimated density of fish ,/

larvae in the intake bay area. g [, ,

Species composition varied somewhat and the number of larvae varied from year to year with the greatest entrainment occurring at night. reservoir spawn occurs from early May through late June, sometimes through Julyt entrainment peaks corresponded with this time frame.

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Clupeidae species (shad) are the most entrained fish 1arvaet however, they have been able to re-establish f i /,wh themselves in the intake area and the reservoir each ll year. Therefore, there does not seem to be a 1 significant impact on the Clupeidae species, nor is r there any evidence that entrainment losses have had a significant impact on the other species of fish.

6. Artificial conditions produced in Lake Dardanelle by Unit 1 has enhanced sport fishing by attracting fish to the current and heated effluent. In the summer months, fish are attracted to the inlet canal area where shad and other bait fish are attracted to the current. During the winter months fish are attracted to the heated i effluent in-the discharge bay. Most sport fish avoid the discharge = bay during the summer months due to the higher Ah@

water temperature. The area most affected by the thermal effluent of Unit 1 is approximately 80 acres.

7. Recreational and commercial fishing have been enhanced near the plant due to the conditions described in the answer to question 6. The primary enhancement is the accessibility for sport fishing from land. The entire discharge area is accessible to bank fishing. Only a small area, approximately .6 miles, of the inlet canal is closed to fishing due to security and safety concerns.

Conmercial harvesting of fish has been enhanced to the C n.r-point that the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission has ,

restricted commercial fishing in the discharge bay r" bh during winter months. This restriction is due to the possibility of over-harvest of fish seeking the warm water during the winter months, and is an effort to l protect the sport fish from being trcpped by commercial '

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HUMARC 10CTR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 fishing tackle.

No data is available on the amount of sport or commercial fish harvested near the plant, although the presence of sport and commercial fishing near the plant indicates that the area is very productive.

Recreational boating and swimming near ANO is not significant. Swimming is prohibited in areas near the plant. The lake is generally shallow, turbid and contains submerged trees and stumps near the plant providing good fishing habitat, but a poor boating and swimming environment.

8. As discussed in question #2, agricultural use of the posticide toxaphone probably contributed to a fish kill in the mid 1970's. Also, as discussed in question #4, there is probably some physiochemical impact from spring and early summer runoff periods.

Agriculture runoff from land utilized for and fertilized by poultry producers adds nutrients to Lake Dardanelle 9 hat could affect the dissolved oxygen content of the reservoir causing fish kills under certain envi.onmental conditions.

Attachment 4 contains supporting dccumentation on the above summary.

REFERENCEt Build-un of Mineral content in Lahn Dardanelle and .tJln j'ffect 2D 1gpolankton by Tom palko, Arkansas Watet Resources Research Center Publication Number 24.

P.esearch for the above reference was conducted prior to 1914. Since that time, poultry production in the area surrounding Lake Dardanelle has increased significantly.

9. This section appli?P to the location, design, construction and capacity of cooling watet intake x structures that reflects th,'cest technology available for minimizing adverse environnantal impact.

At the time of cs;atruction and operation of ANO, th Ulid environn otal issues were under tbe purview of tha ~ W M1 *7 a 316

[ir Nu.iear Regulatory Commission. Therefore,demonstrationwasnotrequired.However,recogn{b need for some type of assessment of mitigative *"b "

technology, it was negotiated with the NRC to perform an evaluation of an air-bubble curtain. The structure was installed and operational 1974-75. After one year's study, the curtain was deemed ineffective and disassembled.

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NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachnent to LIC-070-17 Based on the data received from the study and the reservoir surveys, impinaement and entrainment impacts were considered insignificant and no further technology evaluations were deemtid necessary. When the NRC W?5 required to release control of non -adiological environmental monitoring to EPA f. .db3, conversations with EPA regic1 6 confirmed that there was no 316(b) requirement. Only a dramatic change in impact would call for a re-evaluation of 316(b) requir2ments.

Attachment 5 contains supporting documentation for this anewer.

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AQUATIC RESOURCE QUESTIONS TABLE 1

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DARDANELLE RESERVOIR FISHERIES.

A8 NORMALITIES ON ALL SPECIES 1974 - 1985 -

LOR 000 SIS (HUMPBACK) --NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS / TOTAL FISH CAUGHT AREA A AREA 8 AREA C AREA 0 UPSTREAM !NTAKE DISCHARGE MAIN RIVER CHANNEL

. YEAR CONTR0jl NUMBER TOTAL FISH NUM8ER TOTAL FISH NUMBER TOTAL FISH NUMBER TOTAL FISH 1974 0 6084 0 1562 0 3575 0 1990 1975 0 38399 0 3785- 35 5082 0 9992 1976 0 23607 0 6438 120 9145 0 9686 1977 1 14834 0 5801 2 5169 0 12217 1978 5 102205 1 6687 3 7228 0 13584

.1979 0 60492 0 6868 2 12089 0 13916 1980 0 143145 2 10820 0 9673 0 235039 1981- 1 19738 0 3074 0 1786 0. 15087 1982 0 29767 0 29145 0 9510 0 8611 1983. 0 47128 0 17169 0 6858 0 48785 AREA F ACROSS LAKE FROM DISCHARGE 1984 0 27192 0 6087 0 2530 0 4051 1 1985 -0 11174 0 12700 0 3572' 0 3355

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${UO.2 4 SOCIOECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOT5 ALL UTILI"'IES i

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4 NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 SOCIOECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOR ALL UTILITIES QUESTIONS 1-4

1. 1989 estimates of permanent on-site workers based on data supplied by ANO Security and Personnel Departments.

AP&L employees - 1082 Contractors - 1123, averaged over the year disregarding outage perfods. During outage periods there were approximately 1100 more contractors on-site.

2. The following numbers represent average total numbers for both units combined for the requested time periods.

Accurate records were not available for the entire time period from 1974 to 1978, so best estimates were used.

1989-90 figures show movement of engineering statf and shift of operational responsibility to Entergy Operations Inc. de-emphasizing " permanent" contractors.

Contractor force expected to be approximately 600 by the end of 1990.

1974-78 1979-83 1984-88 1989-90 AP&L 200 534 834 1151 Contractors 1300 1200 1150 850

3. Inservice Inspection requirements have been incorporated into refueling outage sededules so numbers are broken out for each main category. ISI has been included as a priaciple task in this evaluation.

For a typical cutage at ANO the average number of additional workwrs rcqui. red rangos from 1000 to 1300.

The number of pla*.t mV Utautions dictates the number of additional votkers equticd. As a rule, the requirements are the samn f(T bat.h units. Additional workers needed a19 idcatified for e following tasks:

f Refueling <10

• ISI 200

• Routine Maintenance 100

• Plant Modifications 400

• Misc Plant Support

• 400

• Misc plant support includes areas such as security, S radiation protection, desontamination, janitorial se rvices , training, etc.

The length of typical refueling outages have ranged from l

.' C NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 approximately 80-120 days with Unit 1 outages generally running longer than unit 2. Additional emphasis on up front planning and dedicated outage staffs have made significar$' improvements in outage scheduling. Our last Unit 2 retteling outage ran upproximately 60 days and plans are to make additional cuts to future outages.

Previous outages with requested information is listed below:

Dates # Days Cost Exposures man-rom IR7 Aug '86-Jan '87 110 ** 789 1R8 Aug '88-Dec '88 108 31.4M 677 1R9 Sep '90-Dec '90 70* 34.9M* 420*

2R5 Jun '86-sep '86 91 ** 252 2R6 Jan '88-Mar '88 75 26.5M 612 2R7 Sep '89-Nov '89 56 27.6M 282 Numbers are estimated for upcoming outage

• • Cost figures are not available for these outages.

Accounts were not kept separately for outages Note:

Exposutes given for aare not listed typical outageby for primar'h units. but are bot- tasks, The longest outage was 1R5 refueling outage which ran fron Nov 9, 1982 to June 13, 1983. This outage was extended beyond original plans due tu extensive work on the steam ganerators. Total exposure for this outage was

'313 man-rem.

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NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17

4. Tax expenditures are provided for the following years:

1212 Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1980; Paid in 1981 139,004,619 6,050,231 - School District 1.529.051 - County 8,479,282 1911 Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1985; Paid in 1986 165,821,624 6,816,100 - School District

. 1.500.36i - County 8,316,464 1932.

Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1989 - Payable in 1990 184,482,290 5,222,329 - School District 1.143.425 - County 6,365,755 e ee i i ma

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SOCIOECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOR CASE STUDY UTILITIES I

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NUMARC 1C FR51 Survey Attachmenu to LIC-070-17 SOCIOECONOMIC QUESTIONS FOR CASE STUDY SITES EMPLOYMENT AND EXPENDITURES QUESTIONS Al-4 A.1. Dollars expnnded locally (in-state Arkansas) during 1989, excluding payroll, was $59,944,000.

2. Based on a salary survey conducted by Great Lakes Carbon Arkansas conducted in 1989, ANO is comparable of or Ozark,in above average salaries for the areas listed. In most cases salaries are above average.

3. ANO Human Resources and Training Sections participate in career fairs at area hi gh schools and colleges. Human Resources also participates in college recruiting at state colleges and they have participated in the Educators-In-Industry program for arca teachers. This program is sponsored by Arkansas Tech University and the Russellville Chamber of Commerce.

4. The current distribution of permanent ANO employees is:

• 90% Pope County (Russellville area)

• 4% Johnson County (Clarksville area)

• 3% Yell County (Dardanelle area)

• 3% Other counties TAXES QUESTIONS B1-7 B.l. Ad valorem taxes

2. Ad valorem taxes are paid to the county which then distributes the correct amount to the related school district.

3. None

UUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17

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4. Tax expenditures are provided for the following years:

1980 Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1980; Paid in 1981 139,004,619 6,950,231 - School District

1. 529 d51 - County 5,479,282 1985 Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1985; Paid in 1986 165,821,624 6,816,100 - School District 1.500.364 - County 8,316,464 1989 ,

Taxable Assessed Estimated Taxes Paid on ANO Value for 1989 - Payable in 1990 184,482,290 5,222,329 - School District 1.143.426 - County 6,365,755-

5. Major plant additions have caused the plant's value to increase and,-to this point, increases in the taxable assessed value. However, due to the fact that the

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l personal assessment ratio is subject to change from year y to year, changos in assessable value are not directly proportional to changes in'the tax assessment.

6.-No, our taxes are based on the plant's value, not its usage.

7. Yes, when the plant is retired from~ service the value would be zero, i

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.NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 PUBLIC SERVICES '

QU2STION C1

1. The only fee-paid public service-that we regularly purchase is city water, these disbursements include:

Year Amount 1990 (est) 162,494 1989 147,150 1988 117,982 1987 61,970 1986 '57,298 1985 105,353 1984 94,822 1

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WASTE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS a

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NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-17 WASTE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS SPENT FUEL QUESTIONS-A. 1-7 A.1. We are using "A. Re-racking of Spent Fuel", having already implemented use of High Density Spent Fuel Racks for both ANO-1 and 2.

2. We will expend all available high density fuel storage spaces well before license expiration; therefore, studies have been initiated to examine other alternatives such as dry cask storage.

3. C. Above ground dry storage.

4. Initial studies are not based on license extension, rather, on ti:ne needed until DOE transfer is

.ccomplished. Contingency of no DOE transfer will be studied for cost impact, etc.

5. It is expected that the facility can be implemented on existing land facilities; however, absent the final licensing / design requirements, it is not a certainty.

Once again, if a 20 year License extension capacity must Ix) included, it may be difficult; however, the studies have not progressed sufficiently to draw such conclusions.

6. Yes, we do anticipate additional constraction activity.

7. Associated with above ground dry cask storage (or other design option chosen).

LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT QUESTIONS B. 1-9 B.1. Yes, ANO has an on-site radioactive waste storage facility that, given current waste generation rates, should be adequate for about 12 years. This facility should not be required for other than short term storage through 1994. Curing this period AhO will continue to be aggressive in new volume reduction techniques.

2. In 1986 a 116,000 cuoic feet storage facility was constructed'on-site for temporary storage of low-level radioactive waste and materials. The facility was

. originally designed to be able to store wastes generated by ANO for up to five years at 1986 generation rates. It was also designed with a capability for expansion if necessary. At our current generation rates we expect to be able to store approxjuately 12 years accumulation of waste without any additions being necessary.

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'NOMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070 3. -LLRW management at ANO is accomplish 0d by:

1. An aggressive _ waste segregation progran

2. Experienced-personnel in the radwaste management area

3. Decontamination and reuse of plant natorials

4. Use of off-site processing facilities for enhanced volume reduction of unavoidabic wastas.

5. Evaluation and selection of plant equipmant to 1 minimize waste generation ,

a.-21. We have the capability for on-site compaction using a box compactor or a drum compacter. After compaction, weights for 90 cubic foot boxes average around 3200 lbs. Drums average around 300 lbs. Neither compactor is currently in use because our:compactables are processed by an off-site processo,r.- If this corrice were not

.available we would resume compaction operations.

b. 90-95%-of our compactable wasta is sorted =and/or segregated to_reaove reusable naterials and

" clean" waste. Only wastes which contain Hot Particles or waste which could be an ALARA concern are not segregated or sorted.

c. $ of non-compactables are decontuminated on-i site. Hand tools and small to_ medium size ,

f materials are processed in the-decon room. ,

Techniques utilized range from simple. hand L cleaning to hydrolazing and the use of liquid E abrasives. Lar and piping can be ge cleanad,in materials such a 2250as scaffolding c*1bic. foot walk-in liquid abrasive unit. Portable. units are

-brought on-site:during outages to accommodate the increased volumes of materials. L L d. 151 of all1 material is sorted prior to ahipment or segregation. Only materials with high radiation 1

g levels (>200 mr/hr) or Hot Particle potential are

!- not~ sorted.

c. Aresa of the-reactor auxiliary building are being decontaminated-and released to further reduce the potential generation of radioactive wastea.

Containment devices are videly used throughout the plants to minimize the spread-of contamination.

Our business plan also reyuires the -replacer >ent of materials currently in use with incinerable p materials.-

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' NUMARC 10CFR51 Survey Attachment to LIC-070-2.7

-4. a. Weste compacticn, 0-301 an-site. '

b. Waste segregation, 90-95%

c. Decontamination of wastes, 85-90% gr hiaher an psy

- tcChnolonieg hagoine. availab3 a

d. Sorting of wastus prlor to sYIpment, 2jil e.- Other, AUQ will cont.inRC 19 )&9h 19I Sqy t_echniauna and .imoroved EnihndH 12 reduce radioactive vastes .

If DD.t economically viabic 9.D:* site, E2 will look ist us_qqndsm nrocessors igt voluitq reductiont

5. Additional land should not be necessary for future construction activity.

6. N/A

7. Yes

0. A new facility is planned for 1991 to accommodata high sensitivity gamma monitors employed ir. the segregation program. The release facility will not be used for storage but willibe an important step in ANO's waste i monitoring program.

9. Elant rodifications which affect low-level wante streams have not been implemented nor are planned at this time.

MIXED LOW-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE QUESTION Col 9

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