ML20054E726
| ML20054E726 | |
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|---|---|
| Site: | Indian Point  |
| Issue date: | 06/07/1982 |
| From: | Dynes R CONSOLIDATED EDISON CO. OF NEW YORK, INC., POWER AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK (NEW YORK |
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| ISSUANCES-SP, NUDOCS 8206140112 | |
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD Before Administrative Judges:
Louis J. Car ter , Chairman Frederick J. Shon Dr. Oscar H . Paris
x In the Matter of ) Docket Nos.
CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK, ) 50-247 SP INC. (Indian Point, Unit No. 2) 50-286 SP
)
POWER AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK June 7,198 2 (Indian Point, Unit No. 3) )
x LICENSEES' TESTIMONY OF DR. RUSSELL DYNES ATTORNEYS FILING THIS DOCUMENT:
Charles Morgan, Jr. Brent L. Brandenburg MORGAN ASSOCIATES , CHARTERED CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY 18 99 L S tr ee t , N.W. OF NEW YORK, INC.
Washington, D.C. 20036 4 Irving Place (202) 466-7000 New York, New York 10003 (212) 460-4600 8206140112 820607 PDR ADOCK 05000247 T PDR 8 11
i TABLE OF CONTENTS l
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.............................. 1 I. INTRODUCTION II. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY
................................ 3 PLANNING III. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSE DO NOT
...... 7 DIFFER MATERIALLY AMONG EMERGENCIES i CONCLUSION ................................ 10 j IV.
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P . l TESTIMONY I. INTRODUCTION Purpose of Testimony My name is Russell R. Dynes. This testimony has been prepared in response to Commission Questions 3 and 4 and relates to the Board contentions thereunder. The purpose of this testimony is to establish that the human response to various emergencies shows consistency across different types of disaster agents, including radiological ones. Thus, one can
, anticipate the range of actions likely to occur in various emergencies, regardless of the unique characteristics of the originating agent.
Given this, it can be appropriately concluded that in all types of emergencies, there will be a behavioral capa-bility that will permit corrective and preventative actions which will minimize consequences. Past experience also suggests the high probability of appropriate responses on the part of those charged with emergency responsibility.
Personal Qualifications i
I am the current Executive Of ficer of the American l
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e Sociological Association, in Washington, D. C. I received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Sociology / Psychology in 1948, and a Master of Arts degree in Sociology in 1950, both from The University of Tennessee. In 1954, I received a Ph.D. degree in Sociology from The Ohio State University. I taught at the university level virtually constantly from 1948 through 1977.
In 1964, I becume the Co-Director of the Disaster Research Center at The Ohio State University. I held that position until 1977. I also served as the Chair of the Department of Sociology at The Ohio State University, from 1974 through 1977, when I accepted my current position at the American Sociological Association. I am a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences, the North Central Sociological Association, and the International Sociological Association.
I have lectured and published extensively in a wide range of fields of sociology, with a special emphasis on emergency planning and preparedness. I sat as a member of the Advisory Committee on Emergency Housing of the National Academy of Sciences / National Research Council in 1972, and chaired that organization's Committee on International Disaster Assistance from 1976 to 1979; I acted as a consultant to the Federal Disaster Assistance Administration of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and served as a senior consultant on the 1 >
r Federal Emergency Preparedness and Response Study of the President's Reorganization Project, from 1977 through 1978. In 1979, I was appointed head of the Task Force on Emergency Response and Preparedness of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island. More recently, I was retained as a consultant to the Federal Emergency Management Agency on Cuban Refugee Camp Consolidation.
A summary of my scholarship and research activities is annexed hereto.
II. GENERAL PRINICPLES OF EMERGENCY PLANNING My testimony here is to present an overview of the process of emergency planning by identifying principles which should guide any developer of emergency plans. In popular evaluations of emergency planning , there is of ten misunderstand-ing about the appropriate assumptions underlying the planning ef fort as w911 as the application of irrelevant standards.
l Thus, it is useful to present a set of general principles which can inform specific planning activities.
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A. Planning is a process, rather than a product.
For most purposes, planning is not action with a definite end; t
it is a continuous process whereby persons develop procedures for future situations. The development of a written plan at a specific time is only one part of the total planning process.
B. Planning is partly an educational activity.
Involved persons and groups must know the outline features of
the emergency plan if they are to work. The planner must learn about actual problems and possible solutions. The planner must convey to those likely to become involved in implementing the plan what can be generally expected and what roles they will play. Too often, planning is seen only in the narrow sense of completing written plans. It is more useful to think of plan-ning in the broader sense of educating prospective emergency response personnel about anticipated events and problems, and the most efficient and effective responses in an emergency.
Exercises, drills, and publicity are among the most effective means of accomplishing such objectives.
C. Planning should focus on principles, not details.
In developing written plans, there is a tendency to elaborate them with specific details. Emergency plans should focus on principles, not concrete details. This does not necessarily mean that such plans should not be lengthy. Rather, it means that planning should focus on creating an organizational frame-work, and not become enmeshed in such details as emergency worker compensation or identification of all emergency workers down to the operational level. There are several reasons for this. First, it is impossible to anticipate everything.
Second, situations are constantly changing and specifics quickly become outdated. Third, too many details leave the impression that everything is of equal value, when clearly that i
is not the case. While emergency planning cannot totally ignore details, particularly at the organizational level, it always I should focus on general principles and in that sense the aim i
should be to produce simple, rather than complex, written plans.
D. Planning attempts to reduce the unknowns in a problematical situation. While in some instances planning is l
oriented to prevention, most planning is oriented toward altering or modifying what will happen. Plans can indicate the t range of problems that might occur and possible solutions to
, them. Thus, planning reduces the uncertainty of emergencies; it does not prevent them from happening. It is unwise to assume that everything can be anticipated or that all of the unknown can be accurately predicted.
E. Plmuning should be based on what is likely to .!
happen, not on the worst scenario. Often, the initial inclina-tion is to premise planning on the worst possible case; the human imagination is scarcely limited in developing such worst cases. However, it is best to plan for likely cases. It is thus better to plan for an evacuation suitabls to a likely scenario than to plan a massive evacuation based on an unlikely scenario. In the case of radiological emergency planning, for example, it would be counterproductive to plan for a scenario
e combining a low probabilty plant accident with a severe blizzard on a day when all local police chiefs are out-of-town at a convention. Found plans for likely cases serve as the basis for actions on a larger scale, if necessary.
F. Planning aims at evoking appropriate actions.
Sometimes, planning is seen as primarily a mechanism of expedit-ing response to an emergency. That can be an end result. A major objective of planning, however, is appropriateness of I
response rather than speed of response. As an example, it is generally more important to obtain valid information as to what l has happened than to take immediate action. Reacting to the immediate situation is rarely the most effective and efficient i response. Thus, one objective of planning should be to delay impulsive reactions as well as to evoke appropriate actions.
Planning for emergencies should thus be based on certain general principles, rather than focused on specific details. Planning should focus on anticipating how community resources, both material and human, can be utilized most effectively in responding to a likely situation in the future.
Such resources already exist in the community and cannot be created by some future demand. Thus, planning must be based on the idea of anticipating the ways in which existing resources can be mobilized to confront "old problems" in a new form during an emergency.
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r III. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSE DO NOT DIFFER MATERIALLY AMONG EMERGENCIES Research on the human response to quite diverse emergencies suggests underlying similarities. While such emergencies are disruptive in the lives of affected populations, the fact that such populations can deal effectively with such events has been continually recorded throughout history. For example, speculative fears about the inability of populations to operate emergency organizations in adverse conditions are inaccurate. Assumptions that individuals somehow become incapable of making inforced judgments about their own safety and taking preventative action are incorrect. Ideas that
" victims" are passive, helpless and confused are quite out of line with the evidence that emergency response behavior is active, goal-oriented and capable.
l Empirical evidence suggests that traditional emergency personnel generally provide an adequate manpower pool to staf f emergency response activity. Special contracts or advance compensation arrangements are unnecessary. For members of l organizations which are critical to the response, emergency activity is simply a normal extension of usual or anticipated occupational responsibility. Individuals work for organizations, not for particular plans. Workers in such organizations have developed ways of dealing with potential family conflicts if il
such conflicts exist. Emergency personnel generally perform their tasks because they know that their fellow emergency workers will care for their f amilies. If need develops for L
additional personnel, volunteers can provide supplemental assistance. In fact, the major problem in most emergencies is too much manpower, since others in the community are generally ;
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" released" of other non-critical responsibilities. Tbo, " victims" are always a source of emergency assistance, if needed. Such i
persons do not wait to have something done for them by others, but are actively seeking solutions for themselves and others.
In addition to those involved actively in providing emergency services, research suggests that the "public" seeks out appropriate ways of maintaining safety and avoiding danger.
They actively seek out information and guidance as to appropriate behavior. They do this by seeking both informal and formal channels of advice as to appropriate actions in the context of the emergency. Even those responses which require considerable energy and effort can be accomplished without major difficulties.
For example, after a train derailment in Mississauga, Ontario I
- l created a chlorine gas threat, 220,000 people were evacuated successfully from the area in a 24-hour period. Even with confusing guidance from authorities, 144,000 persons evacuated I
the area around Three Mile Island over the course of a week.
During the first evacuation of London in September 1939, l
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r approximately 1,500,000 were evacuated from the central city.
A study by the Environmental Protection Agency which examined U.S. evacuations from 1960 to 1973 concluded that, each year, there are an average of 40 evacuations, involving 85,000 persons.
Over the entire time period, 1,142,000 persons were evacuated, and the study concluded that associated with these evacuations there were 10 deaths, including seven in one helicopter accident.
The study concluded the risks associated with evacuation were less than those associated with automobile accidents.
While evacuation is only one of the responses which can reduce danger in emergencies, it is used here as an example to suggest that, as one element in an overall emergency plan, previous evidence shows that massive evacuations can be accom-plished. More generally, if plans have developed ways of dealing with an emergency to mobilize the community for action and to provide guidance for appropriate action, such planning I
leads to compliance. In addition, populations are seldom completely dependent on "of ficial" plans since people are
" problem solving" and can make necessary Ldjustments within an l
l overall plan framework. Research shows also that in such a time period, people are helpful, not selfish, in providing assistance to others. There are few opportunities these days in which we l
can provide personal assistance to others, since most assistance is now bureaucratic an6 impersonal. Community emergencies offer i
1 one of the few opportunities to take actions which have a direct bearing on our own safety and the safety of others.
IV. CONCLUSION Emergency planning is predicated on the notion of mobilizing community resources to meet uncommon threats within l a community. Planning is most useful when it is directed to a range of hazards, rather than being directed to a specific type. While various agents which can create emergencies differ, the nature of the problems and the mechanisms of community mobilization are similar across a variety of hazards.
In addition, the responses desired in different types of emergencies show identities and similarities. Empirical evi-dence suggests that responses to radiological agents follow similar patterns to those involving other non-radiological agents. Thus, the assumptions underlying planning for radio- l
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logical emergencies and the behavior to be anticipated can be informed by the research evidence which has been accumulated in i situations involving other, non-radiological emergencies.
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i DR. RUSSELL DYNES Research Experience:
Project Director, Cooperative Study between The University of Tennessee and the Tennessee Department of Welfare, 1949-50.
Co-Director, Study of Industrial Migrants in the Ohio Atomic Area, sponsored by the National Council of Churches of Christ in America, 1954-55.
Project Director, " Educational Changes in a Transitional Community,"
School Community Development Study, sponsored by the Kellogg Foundation, The Ohio State University, 1955-56.
Research Associate, " Relationship Between Sociological Background Factors and the Psychiatric Fitness of Air Force Personnel," School of Aviation Medicine, Air University, Randolph Field, Texas,
- 1953-57.
1 Project Supervisor, Wellsville Project, Community and Regional Planning and Development, Engineering Experiment Station, The Ohio State University, 1957-59.
Faculty Supervisor, Social Science Research Council Undergraduate Research Stipend, 1956.
Supervisor, Several Projects sponsored by the Graduate School of The ~
Ohio State University, 1955-60.
Co-Director, Disaster Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1963-77.
Co-Principal Investigator, " Laboratory Simulation Studies of Organizational Behavior Under Stress," The Ohio State Universicy Research Foundation, sponsored by the Office of Aerospace Research, Air Force, 1963-69.
Fellow, American Research Center in Egypt, 196'5-66.
Principal Investigator, " Community Reaction to Water Resource Problems in Relation to Planning," Office of Water Resources Research, Department of Interior, 1967-71.
j Principal Investigator, " Restudy of a Transitional Community," College i of Commerce and Administration Grant, 1966-68.
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Research Experience (continued): .
Co-Principal Investigator, " Cross Cultural Studies of Disaster,"
Mershon Social Science Foundation', 1968-71.
Co-Principal Investigator, " Organizational Response to Major Community Crises," National Institute of Mental Health, 1968-74. .
Co-Principal Investigator, " Organizational Functioning in Disaster,"
Office of Civil Defense, Department of Defense, 1963-77.
I Co-Principal Investigator, " Police Behavior in a College Riot," Law !
Enforcement Assistance Administration, 1970-71. ;
Co-Principal Investigator, " Delivery of Mental Health Services in l the Xenia Disaster," State of Ohio Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation, 1974-75. ;
1 Co-Principal Investigator, " Organizational Communication and Decision l Making in Disaster," Advanced Projects Research Agency, 1974-75.
Co-Principal Investigator, " Delivery of Emergency Medical Services in Disaster," Bureau of Health Services Research, Health Resources Administration, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1975-77.
Co-Principal Investigater, " Delivery cf Me'ntal Health Services in Disaster," National Institute of Mental' Health, 1976-79.
Co-Principal Investigator, " Development of Baseline Information of Mental Health Disaster Assistance / Crises Intervention Needs and Resources," National Institute of Mental Health, 1976-77.
Principal Investigator, Various Projects related to the Activities of the American Sociological Association, NSF, NIE, FIPSE, Lilly, 1977-
Crnferenca end Workshop Participation: .
Participant, Conference on Social Theory, Emory University,1956.
Participant, Seminar on " Interpretations of Religion in Sociological Theory," University of North Carolina, 1959.
Delegate, International Consultation on the Sociology of Religion, Georgetown University, September,1962.
Participant, Workshop on Crisis Research, Sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh and the System Development Corporation, Newport Beach, California, December, 1966.
Participant, Workshop on Sociological Aspects of Water Resources Research, Utah State University, May, 1968.
Participant, Caribbean Regional Seminar on Pre-Disaster Preparedness, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, June, 1968.
Participant, Illeme Seminaire Sur La Planification Des Secours En Cas De Catastrophes Naturelles, Port-au-Prince, Haiti, June, 1970.
Faculty Member, Institute of Comparative Sociology, Seminar on Political Violence, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, July, 1970.
Participant, " Methodological Issues in Comparative Research,"
Institute of Comparative Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, April, 1971.
- Principal Lecturer, Seminar on the Sociological Aspects of Collective Stress, Sponsored by Patna University, A. N. Sinha Institute and the U. S. Educational Foundation in India, Patna. Bihar, India, March, 1972.
Participant, Seminar on Organizational and Community Responses to .
Disasters, Sponsored by National Science Foundation and Japan Society for Promotion of Science, Columbus, Ohio, Septenber,1972.
Participant, NIMH Continuing Education Seminar in Emergency Mental Health Services, Washington, DC, June 22-24, 1973.,
Participant, Invitational Conference, "The Assessment of Social Impacts of 011 Spills," The Institute on Man and Science, 4
Rensselaerville, New York, September 25-28, 1973.
Participant, International Conference of Disaster Researchers, Sponsored by the Centre d' Etudes Psychosociologique des Sinistres et de leur Prevention, Paris, France, September 5-6, 1974.
Participant, Consultant, "Interorganizational and Interagency Relations in Major Disasters," National Emergency Planning Establishment, Government of Canada, Arnprior, Ontario, October 22-24, 1974. .
Conferr.nce and Workshop Participation (continued): .
Participant, Second National Conference on Reduction of Natural Hazards, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, June 22-25, 1975.
Third National Conference, June 30-July 2,1976.
Seminar Leader, " Civil Military Relations in Crises," Foreign Area Officers Course, Army Civil Affairs School, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, December 17-18, 1975.
Participant, First National Social Scientists Conference, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Memphis, Tennessee, September 20-24, 1976.
Participant, Workshop on Issues and Options in Disaster Management, Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, DC, March, 1978.
Participant, Workshop, Functions and Effects, Emergency Preparedness, National Governors Association, Washington, DC, May 25-26, 1978.
Participant, Workshop, Fire Safety and Disaster Preparation, Intergovernmental Science, Engineering and Technology Panel, American Association for thc Advancement of Science, March,1979.
Participant, Conference, Social and Economic Effects of Earthquakes and Planning to Mitigate Their Impacts, Yugoslav Association of Self-Managed Communities for the Interast for Scientific Research and U.S. National Science Foundation, Lake Bled, July 1981 Organizer, Workshop on Directions in Applied Sociology, American j Sociological Association, Washington, D.C. December 1981 l
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Publications:
Books:
1964 Social Problers: Dissensus and Deviation in an Industrial Society. New York: Oxford University Press. 594 pp.
(Co-author).
1969 Deviance: Studies in the Process of Stigmatization and Societal Reaction. New York: Oxford University Press.
(Co-author).
1970 Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington: D. C. Heath.
236 pp. (Republished 1976).
1975 Social Movements, Violence and Change: The May Movement in Curacao. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press.
(Co-author).
1975 Deviance: Definition, Management and Treatment. New York:
Oxford University Press. (Co-author).
1982 Sociology in Applied Settings, (tentative title) (Howard Freeman, Russell R. Dynes, Peter Rossi William Foote Whyte,
,, eds.)
Chapters, Monographs, and Reports:
- 1. 1951 Homes for the Homeless in Tennessee. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee. Publication of the Bureau of Sociological Research, The University of Tennessee Record Extension Series, Volume 27, No. 4, 67 pp. (with William E. Cole).
- 2. 1954 "The Urban Class System" and "The Urban Religions."
Pp. 115-141 and 191-209 in William E. Cole (ed.), Dynamic Urban Sociology. Harrisburg: Stackpole Press.
- 3. 1955 Mobile Industrial Workers and the Church: A Study of People on the Move in Ohio's Atomic Area. National Council of Churches, Division of Home Missions. 31 pp.
- 4. 1956 Consequences of Population Mobility for School and Community Change. Columbus: School-Community Develorment l
Study, The Ohio State University. 132 pp.
- 5. 1957 Social Factors Related to Adaptability of Air Force Pilot Trainees. Columbus: Research Foundation, The Ohio State University. 176 pp. (with Alfred Clarke and John Cuber) .
- 6. 1959 "The Relation of Community Characteristics to Religicus Organization and Behavior." Pp. 253-268 in Marvin Sussman (ed.), Community Structure and Analysis. New York:
Thomas Y. Crowell Co.
. .. , Publications (continued): ,
Chapters, Monographs, and Reports (continued):
- 7. 1960 "The Inner City Church." Pp.15-18 in John Lane Williams (ed.), Our Mission to the City. Report of Methodist Inner City Conference.
- 8. 1964 "Some Preliminary Observations in Organizational Responses in the Emergency Period after the Niigata, Japan Earthquake of June 16, 1964." Research Report #11, Disaster Research Center, 49 pp. (with J. E. Haas and E. L. Quarantelli) .
(Republished in entirety in Japanese by Japanese Government) .
- 9. 1964 "Some Preliminary Observations of the Response of Community Organizations Involved in the Emergency Period of the Alaskan Earthquake." Working Paper #2, Disaster Research Center, 28 pp. (with J. E. Haas and E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 10. 1966 Observations on Social change. Sirs-el-layyan, UAR: Arab States Center for Education for Community Development.
44 pp. (in English and Arabic) .
- 11. 1967 Acceptance of Change, Part I. Sirs-el-layyan, UAR: Arab States Center for Education for Community Development.
29 pp. (with Louis K. Meleika).
- 12. 1968 The Functioning of Established Organizations in Community Disasters. Report Series No. 1. Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 52 pp. (with George Warheit) .
- 13. 1968 " Operational Problems of Organizations in Disasters."
Pp. 151-176 in 1967 Emergency Operations Symposium.
Santa Monica: System Development Corporation.
- 14. 1969 Community Priorities in the Anchorage, Alaska Earthquake, 1964. Monograph Series No. 4. Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 173 pp. (with Daniel Yutzy, major author, and William Anderson).
- 15. 1969 The Functioning of Expanding Organizations in Community Disasters. Report, Series No. 2. Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 82 pp.
- 16. 1969 Organized Behavior in Disaster: Analysis and Conceptualiza-tion. Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 254 pp.
(Republished 1970. Lexington: D. C. Heath).
,' 17. 1970 "Different Types of Organizations in Disaster Response and Their Operational Problems." In Robert Brictson (ed.),
Emergency Operations. Los Angeles: Tinnon-Brown. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
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.* Publications (continued): .
Chapters, Monographs, and Reports (continued):
- 18. 1970 Disruption on the Campuses of Ohio College and Universities, Spring, 1970. Report prepared for the Ohio Council of Churches and Ohio Board United Mir.istries' in Higher Education.
119 pp. (with E. L. Quarantelli). (Several sections of this have been reprinted elsewhere.)
- 19. 1971 " Community Conflict: An Explanation of Its Absence in Natural Disaster." Pp. 220-204 in Clagett G. Smith (ed.),
Conflict Resolution: Contributions of the Behavioral Sciences. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
(with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 20. 1971 Environment Crises. Columbus: Water Resources Center, The Jan. Ohio State University. 91 pp. (with Dennis Wenger) .
- 21. 1971 A Model of Community Problem Solving and Selected Empirical Dec. Applications. Columbus: Water Resources Center, The Ohio State University. 153 pp. (with Dennis Wenger).
- 22. 1972 " Cross Cultural Perspective on Disaster." Pp. 235-257 in Proceedings of the Japan-United States Disaster Research Seminar: Organizational and Community Responses to Disaster.
Columbus: Disaster Research Center.
- 23. 1972 A Perspective on Disaster Planning. Report Series No. 11.
Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 94 pp. (with E. L.
Quarantelli and Gary Kreps).
- 24. 1972 " Police Department Planning for Civil Disturbances: Organi-zational Factors involved in Changes." Pp. 76-88 in F. Adler and G. O. W. Mueller (eds.), Po_litics, Crime and -
l the International Scene: An Inter-American Focus. Hato 1 Rey, PR: North South Press. (with M. Brooks and E. L.
Quarantelli) .
- 25. 1972 Police Perspectives and Behavior in a Campus Disturbance.
May Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 166 pp.* (with E. L.
Quarantelli and James L. Ross). .
- 26. 1974 " Organizations as Victims in American Mass Racial Disturbances:
A Reexamination." Pp. 121-142 in E. C. Vivano and Israel Drapkin (eds.), Victimology. Volume 4. Lexington: D. C.
Heath. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 27. 1974 " Police Perspectives and Behavior in a Campus Disturbance."
In Donal MacNamara and Marc Riedel (eds.), Police: Perspectives, Problems and Prospectives. New York: Praeger. (with E. L. Quarantelli and James L. Ross) .
- Publications (centinu:d): ,
Chapters. Monographs, and Reports (continued):
- 28. 1974 The Role of Local Civil Defense in Disaster Planning.
Report Series No. 16. Columbus: Disaster Research Center.
105 pp. (with E. L. Quarantelli).
- 29. 1975 The Delivery of Mental Health Services in the Xenia Tornado.
Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 280 pp. (with E. L.
. Quarantelli and others).
- 30. 1975 " Rapport sur les activities du Disaster Research Center."
Pp. 23-44 in Les Comportements Associes Aux Catastrophes.
(Table Ronde du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)
Paris: Institut International du Feu. (in French and English) (with E. L. Quarantelli).
- 31. 1976 " Emergency Disaster Plans for Vocational Schools." Pp. 151-161 in Developing the Leadership Potential of Urban Vocational Education Administrators. 1976 National Leadership Seminar for Administrators of Vocational Education in April. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 32. 1976 "The Family and Community Context of Individual Reactions to Disaster." Pp. 231-245 in H. J. Parad, H. L. P. Resnick, and Libbie Parad (eds.), Emergency and Disaster Manacement.
Bowie: Charles Press Publishers. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 33. 1976 Organizational Communications and Decision Making in Crises.
May Columbus: Disaster Research Center. 58 pp. (with E. L.
Quarantelli).
- 34. 1977 " Crises and Disaster Research." In Annual Review of Sociology.
Volume 3. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc. (with E. L.
Quarantelli).
- 35. 1978 "Interorganizational Relations in Communities Under Stress."
Pp. 50-64 in E. L. Quarantelli (ed.), Disasters: Theory and Research. London: Sage Studies in Sociology.
l 36. 1979 " Helping Behavior in Large Scale Disasters." In Jacqueline i MacCauley and David Horton Smith (eds.), Handbook of Informal Participation. San. Francisco: Jossey-Bass. (with E. L.
Quarantelli).
- 37. " Disasters and Emergency Medical Services." In Proceedings I
of First International Symposium on Emergency Medical Services.
I Forthcoming.
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O Publications (continued)
Chapters, Monographs, and Reports (continued):
- 38. 1979 Report of the Ebergency Preparedness and Response Task ' Force, Staff Report to the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island, Washington, U.S. Government Printing Office, 168 pp. ,
- 39. 1981 "The Contributions of the Social Sciences to the Evaluation of Emergency Preparedness and Response" in D. Sills, C. Wolff and E. Shelanski, (eds.) The Accident at Three Mile Island: The Human Dimension, Boulder, Westview Press
- 40. 1981 " Biography of a Colleague" in R. Huff and I. Barak-Glantz (eds.)
The Mad, The Bad and The Different, Lexington, Lexington Books (with Alfred Clarke).
- 41. 1982 "Models of Emergency Planning: Contributions From the Social Sciences" in Proceedings of the Third International Conference:
Social and Economic Effects of Earthquakes and Planning to Mitigate Their Effects. (forthcoming) 42, 1982 " Perspectives on Applied Educational Programs" in Freeman et al, Sociology in Applied Settings, (with Irwin Deutscher)
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>- - Publico,tien2 (enntinutd): -
Articles:
- 1. 1954 " Preference for Male and Female Children: Traditional or Af fectional. " Marriage and Family Living 16:128-130 (May).
(with Simon Dinitz and Alfred Clark).
- 2. 1954 "Toward the Sociology of Religion." Sociology and Social Research 38:227-232.
- 3. 1955 " Church-Sect Typology and Socio-Economic Status." American Sociological Review 20:555-560.
- 4. 1956 " Levels of Occupational Aspiration and Selected Aspiration and Selected Aspects of Family Affection." American Sociological Review 21:212-215.
- 5. 1956 " Sectarianism, Ruralality and Fdgration." Rural Sociology 21:25-28 (March).
- 6. 1957 "The Consequences of Sectarianism for Social Participation."
Social Forces 5:331-334.
- 7. 1951 " Correlates of Marital and Sex Roles." The Graduate School Record, The Ohio State University 2:9-10 (December).
(with Alfred Clarke and Simon Dinitz).
- 8. 1959 " Levels of Aspiration and Family Affection: Religious Preference as a Variable." The Ohio Journal of Sciences 59:103.(March). (with Alfred Clarke and Simon Dinitz).
- 9. 1963 " Student, Faculty and the Nature of the University."
Faculty Forum, Volume 25, May.
- 10. 1965 "The Religious Interpretation of Disaster." Topic 10:34-48 (Fall). (Washington, PA: Washington and Jefferson College)
(with Daniel Yutzy).
. 11. 1965 "Three Ladies of Sirs-el-layyan." Viewpoints (Washington:
Friends of the Middle East), Volume 5, No. 9 (November).
- 12. 1966 " Natural Disaster as a Social Science Field." National Review of the Social Sciences 3:85-94. (also summary in Arabic).
- 13. 1966 " Theoretical Problems in Disaster Research." Bulletin of Business Research 41:7-9 (September) .
- 14. 1967 " Administrative, Methodological and Theoretical Problems of Disaster Research." Indian Sociological Bulletin 4.4:
215-227 (July). (with E. L. Quarante111 and J. E. Haas).
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Publicatirna (continued): .
Articles (continued):
- 15. 1967 " Impact of Disaster on Community Life." EMO National Digest 7:10-13 (April).
- 16. 1967 " Societal and Community Problems in Disaster." EMO National Digest 7:16-18 (October).
- 17. 1968 "The Church in Higher Education." Leader 10:1-6 (April).
- 16. 1968 " Collective Stress and Its Relation to Water Resource Planning." Proceeding of Workshop on Sociological Aspects of Water Resources Research, Utah State University.
- 19. 1968 " Group Behavior Under Stress: A Required Convergence of Organizational and Collective Behavior Perspectives."
Sociology and Social Research 52:416-429. (with E. L.
Quarantelli) . .
- 20. 1968 " Looting in Civil Disorders: An Index of Social Change."
The American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 2, March. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 21. 1968 " Looting in Civil Disturbances and Disasters." Trans-Action 5:9-14 (May). (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 22. 1968 " Redefinitions of Property Norms in Community Emergencies."
International Journal of Legal Research 3: 100-112 (December) .
(with E. L. Quarantelli).
- 23. 1968 "A Sociologist Looks at Water Resources Research."
Proceedings of the Water Resources Colloquium. Institute for Research on Land and Water Resources, Pennsylvania State University.
l
- 24. 1969 "Dissensus and Consensus in Community Emergencies: Patterns of Looting and Property Norms." IL Politico, Revista di Science Politiche 34:276-291. (with E. L. Quarantelli)
(includes an Italian summary).
- 25. 1969 " Organizations in Disaster." EMO National Digest 9:12-13 (April-May). (with George Warheit) .
- 26. 1969 " Looting Patterns in Community Disasters and Disturbances."
Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Law Enforce-ment and Technology. Chicago: IIT Research Institur.e.
pp. 323-327 (with E. L. Quarantelli).
- 27. 1970 " Editors' Introduction." American Behavioral Scientist 13:325-330. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 28. 1970 " Organization as Victim in tbss Civil Disturbances." Issues in Criminology 5:181-193 (Summer) . (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
Publications (continued):
Articles (continued):
29, 1970 " Organizational Involvement and Changes in Community Structure in Disaster." American Behavioral Scientist 13:430-439.
- 30. 1970 " Property Norms ar.d Looting: Their Patterns in Community Crises." Phylon 31:168-182 (Summer) . (with E. L.
Quarantelli).
- 31. 1971 " Factors in Community Perception of Water Resources Problems."
Water Resources Bulletin 7:644-651. (with Dennis Wenger) .
32, 1972 "The Principle of Least Interest, Dating Behavior and Family Integration Settings." Journal of Marriage and Family 34:269-272. (with K. Eslinger and Alfred C. Clarke).
- 33. 1972 "When Disaster Strikes (It Isn't Much Like What You've Heard About) ." Psychology Today 5:66-70 (February).
(with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 34. 1973 " Editors' Introduction." American Behavioral Scientist 16:305-311. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
35, 1973 "On Institutionalization of Sociology in the United States."
Sociological Focus 6:1-xxvi (Summer) .
- 36. 1973 " Organizational and rolitical Transformation of a Social Movement: A Study of the 30th of May Movement in Curacao."
Social Forces 51:330-341. (with William Anderson).
l 37. 1973 " Postscripts to a Presidential Address." Footnotes 1:8 (Novembe r) .
- 38. 1974 "Counterrioters in Urban Disturbances: Opponents or Supporters of the Status-Quo?" Society 11:50-55 (March-April).
- 39. 1974 " Police Perspectives and Behavior in a Campus Disturbance."
Journal of Police Science and Administration 2:344-351.
(with E. L. Quarantelli and James L. Ross) .
- 40. 1974 " Sociology as a Religious Movement: Thoughts on its Institutionalization in the United States." The American Sociologist 9:167-176 (November) .
- 41. 1974 "The Sociology of Religion of Charles Clock: Review Essay."
Journal of Scientific Study of Religion 12:466-469.
- 42. 1975 "The Comparative Study of Disaster: A Social Organizational l
Approach." Mass Emergencies 1:21-31.
- oe i
I -. _ _ _ _ _
Publientionn (continu:d):
Articles (continued):
- 43. 1976 " Civil Disturbances and Social Change: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Curacao." Urban Affairs Quarterly, September. (with William Anderson) .
- 44. 1976 " Community Conflict: Its Presence and Absence in Natural Disaster Situations." Mass Emergencies 1:139-152. (with E. L. Quarantelli) .
- 45. 1976 "The Impact of Devotionalism and Attendance on Ordinary and Emergency Helping Behavior." Journal of Scientific Study of Religion 15:47-59 (March). (with Lynn Nelson).
- 46. 1977 "A Background Note on the Preliminary Findings and Impressions of the DRC Studies." Mass Emergencies 2:147-150.
- 47. 1978 " Organizational Adaptation to Crises." Disasters, Volume 3, No. 1, March. London: International Disaster Institute.
(with Benigno Aguirre).
- 48. 1978 " Participation of Sociologists in the Fulbright Program",
FOOTNOTES, November
- 49. 1980 " Sociology in China: Its Restoration and Future Role", FOOTNOTES, October
- 50. 1981 "The View From Inside", The American Sociologist, 16: 97-101, May e
{
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l l
4 l
Publications (centinutd):
w- - ,
Reprints of Articles: -
1957 No. 3 in J. Milton Yinger. Religion, Society and the Individual.
New York: Macmillan.
1962 No. 4 in John F. Cuber and Peggy Harroff. Readings in Sociology.
New York: Appleton Century. And in Bartlett H. Strudley.
Society and Self: A Reader in Social Psycholony. New York:
Free Press.
1963 No. 9 in Grappling With Ideas. Menominie: Stout State College.
1966 No. 14 in Roles des Agences Familiales Dans Les Disasters.
Ottawa: Ministre de la Sante-nationale et du Bein-etre.
1967 No. 3 in Dwight Dean and Donald Valdes. Experiments in Sociology.
New York: Appleton Century. And in Marvin Shaw and Jack Wright.
Scales for the Measurement of Attitudes. New York: McGraw-Hill.
1968 No. 4 in Robert Rankin and Ritchie Lowery. Sociology: A Science of Society. New York: Charles Scribners Sons.
1968 No. 20 in New Society (August 8th). And in Don Bowen and Louis Mascotti. Riots and Rebellion. Beverly Hills: Sage. And'in Survival, Volute 4, No. 6 (December) .
1968 No. 21 in Current (August).
1969 No. 3 in John Robinson and Phillip Shaver. Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes. Ann Arbor: Institute of Social Research.
- 1969 No. 20 in Simon Dinitz, et. al. Deviance. New York
- Oxford
- University Press.
1969 No. 21 in Rodney Allen and Charles Adair. Violence and Riots in Urban America. Columbus: Charles Jones.
1969 No. 17 in Faculty Forum (March). And in The Christian (April).
1970 No: 21 in James Short, Jr. Modern Criminals. Chicago: Aldine.
And in Bobbs Merrill Reprint Studies in Black History, BC 72.
1971 No. 20 in Nils Bateman and David Petersen (eds.). Targets for Change: Perspectives on an Active Sociology. Waltham: Xerox.
1971 No. 21 in H. Taylor Buckner. Deviance: Reality and Change.
New York: Random House.
1971 No. 30 in James Geschwender. The Black Revolt. New York:
Prentice-Hall.
1972 No. 4 in Robert Rankin and Ritchie Lowry. Sociology: Social Science and Social Concern. New York: Charles Scribners* Sons. *
(also in paperback).
i
. _ _ - . _ , , - . , , . . , . . _ _ _ - - . . _ , . _ _ _ . _ , , - . , _ _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ , _ . _ . , . _ . , ,--m .-
- ,,y . , . - __ - - - - - - - +
- m. . - . , _
- . . Publications (continued): .
Reprints of Articles (continued):
1972 No. 20 in A. Birenbaum and E. Sagarin. Social Problems: Private Troubles and Public Issues. New York: Scribners.
1972 No. 21 in James Conyers and Morris Medley. Sociology in the Seventies. New York: Wiley. And in Ralph Turner and Lewis Killian. Collective Behavior. New York: Prentice-Hall.
1972 'No. 33 in Readers Digest (July).
1973 No. 28 in Walter Reckless. The Crime Problem. New York: Appleton Century.
1973 No. 33 in New Society (January 4th) .
1973 No. 31 in Impact of Water Resources Development. New York:
Environment Information Center.
1973 No. 32 in Women, A Random House Annual, 1972. New York: Random House.
1973 Pp. 4-10 of Social Problems in Clifford Bryan. Social Change, Conflict and Education: A Foundations Text and Reader. Columbus:
Charles Merrill.
1973 No. 21 in James Short, Jr. (ed.), Law and Order: Modern Criminals.
Transaction (2nd ed.).
1973 No. 21 in Peter Rossi (ed.), Chetto Riots. Transaction (2nd ed.).
1974 No. 20 in Stuart Palmer (ed.), New Perspectives on Deviance.
Chicago: Aldine.
1974 No. 28 in Emilio Vivano and Israel Drapkin (eds.), Victicology.
Lexington: D. C. Heath.
1975 No. 30 in Simon Dinitz, et. al. Deviance: Definition, Management, Treatment. New York: Oxford University Press.
l 1975 No. 37 in Volume in honor of....
1975 No. 33 published as "Wenn Die Katastrophe Kommt: Wie Sich Dann Wirklich Verhalten, Psychology Heute, June 1979 No. 21 in Robert L. Ellis and Marcia J. Lipetz, Essential Sociology, Glenview, Illinois, Scott Foresman and Co.
1982 No. 40 in Edward Tiryakian, The Phenomenon of Sociology, New York, Irvington Publishers
.,. . . oe "o
n -
- Editing .
Editor, The Ohio Valley Sociologist, 1958-63.
Editor, Newsletter, Ohio Council of Family Relations, 1960-64.
Editor, Special Issue, "On the Sociology of Religion," Sociological Focus, Volume 2, No. 1, 1968. (also Editor's Introduction, pp. 1-2).
Editor, Consultant on social problems concepts, Dictionary of Modern Sociology, Littlefield, Adams and Co., 1969, Thomas F. Hoult, ed.
Co-Editor, Special Issue, " Organizational and Group Responses to Community Disaster," American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 13, No. 3 (January-February), 1970.
Co-Editor, Special Issue, " Dynamics of Organizational Involvement and Change in Civil Disturbances," American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 16, No. 3 (January-February), 1973.
Associate Editor, Review of Religious Research, 1968-77.
Co-Editor, Disaster Research Center Series.
Reviewer for a number of journals raning from Journal of Scientific Study of Religion to Science.
Editor, ASA Footnotes, 1977- .
" ^ ' ' ' ~