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Neomysis Americana:Synthesis of Info on Natural History W/ Ref to Occurrence in DE River & Estuary & Involvement W/ Salem Nuclear Generating Station.
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NEOMYSIS AMERICANA: A SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION ON NATURAL HISTORY, WITH REFERENCE TO OCCURRENCE IN THE.DELAWARE RIVER AND ESTUARY AND INvOLVEMENT WITH THE SALEM NUCLEAR I GENERATING STATION I

I SALEM NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION 316 (b) DEMONSTRATION I APPENDIX II I

I NPDES Permit No. NJ0005622 NRC Operating Licensing DPR-70 & DPR-75 I NRC Docket Numbers 50-272 & 50-311 I

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1* Public Service Electric and Gas Company 80 Park Plaza Newark, N.J. 07101 I

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November 1981 I r - - - - - - - ___ _:_:_ ___ ~--

. 8111230422 811113 \

PDR ADOCK 05000272.

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I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

' *I This report was prepared for Public Service Electric and Gas Company, (PSE&G) Newark, New Jersey by Ichthyological Asso-I ciates, Inc. (IA), Middletown, Delaware.

The report was authored by Gary A. Hayes, Alan w. Wells, and I

Victor J. Schuler of IA- and reviewed by John H. Balletto, Bruce A. Jones, and Mark D. London of the Licensing and En-vironment Department of PSE&G. I I

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NEOMYSIS AMERICANA: A SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION ON NA'l'URAL HISTORY, WITH REFERENCE TO OCCUR.~NCE IN THE DET..AWARE RIVER

~.ND ESTUARY AND IN\70LVEHENT WITH THE SALEM NUCLEAR GENER~TING STATION The Energy People SALEM NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION 316 (b) DEMONSTRATION APPENDIX II

~PDES Permit No. NJ0005622 me Opera ting Licsnsing DPR-70 & DPR-7 5

- NOTICE - ~RC Docket Numbers 50-272 & 50-311 THE ATTACHED FILES ARE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE DIVISION OF DOCUMENT CONTROL. THEY HAVE BEEN Ck'iARGED TO YOU FOR A LIMITED TIME PERIOD AND MUST BE RETURNED TO THE RECORDS FACILITY BRANCH 016. PLEASE DO NOT SEND DOCUMENTS CHARGED OUT THROUGH THE MAIL. REMOVAL OF ANY PAGE(S) FROM DOCUMENT FOR REPRODUCTION MUST BE REFERRED TO FILE PERSONNEL.

DEADLINE RETURN DATE

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lmm RECORDS FACILITY BRANCH

'ublic Service Electric and Gas Cc.!Tipanir'*-.

lo Park Plaza rewark, N.J. 07101

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November 1981 1

I I' PREFACE I On May 25, 1979, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency -

Region II (EPA) approved the original "Salem Nuclear Station I* 316(b) Ecological Impact Assessment Plan-Of-Study". On March 18, 1981 EPA agreed with the Company's position that in-depth studies of eight of the original eleven target I species would end on December 31, 1980 and species specific reports would be prepared for these eight species.

I Each species specific report, which is an appendix to the Demonstration, contains data presentations which will be used as the. basis for a qualitative impact assessment of Salem's operational impact on the species. The assessment I will be complete as part of the Salem 316(b) Demonstration document.

I This report on Neomysis americana, is Appendix II of the Salem Nuclear Generating Station 316(b) Demonstration. Ap-pendix I is a resource document for all species. It con-tains information on: 1) materials and methods for the bio-I logical sampling programs; 2) rationale and description of statistical methods; 3) water quality data summaries for data collected with the biological samples; and 4) station operational data summaries.

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CONTENTS I'

,, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS **

PREFACE *....*.

INTRODUCTION ....*..

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1* l. 0 IDENTITY .*.....*.

1.1 NOMENCLATURE ..

1-1 1-1 1.1.l Valid Name. 1-1 I 1.1.2 Synonymy .*.

l . 2 TAXONOMY *.......

1.2.l Affinities.

1-1 1-1 1-1 1.2.2 Taxonomic Status. 1-3 I 1.2.3 Subspecies ......*

1.2.4 Standard Common Names, Vernacular Names.

1.3 MORPHOLOGY ..*..*........

1-4 1-4 1-4 I *

l. 3 .1 External Morphology.

l. 3. 2 Cytomorphology

l. 3. 3 Protein Specificity 1-4

l. 3 .4 Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-4 I.. 2.0 DISTRIBUTION .. 2-1 2.1 TOTAL AREA .. 2-1 I l 2.2 DIFFERENTIAL DISTRIBUTIN (Spawn, Larvae, Juveniles, and Adults) ...... . 2-1

\ 2.3 DETERMINANTS OF DISTRIBUTION CHANGE. 2-1 2.3.l Light Intensity .. 2-2 2.3.2 Salinity .*.*. 2-2 2.3.3 Temperature. 2-2 2.3.4 Substrate .*.. 2-3 I

2.3.5 Dissolved Oxygen ..

2.4 HYBRIDIZATION 2-3 3.0 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY ..

I 3.1 REPRODUCTION ..

3. l. l Sexuality **

3-1 3-1 3-1

3. l. 2 Maturity *.. 3-1

1, 3. l. 3 Mating ..*.

3.1.4 Fertilization.

3-1 3-2

3. l.5 Gonads ... 3-2

3. l. 6 Spawning.

I 3.1.7 Spawn .........**.

3.2 PREADULT PHASE.

3-2 3-3 3-4 3.2.l Embryonic Phase. 3-5 I 3.2.2 Larval Phase ....

3.2.3 Juvenile Phase ..

3-5 3-6

Not discussed; inappropriate and/or no data available.

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1-I 3 .3 ADULT PHASE * . . * * . . . * * . . . . * . . . . . * * * . . . . . . . . . * . . .

Page 3-6 I

3.3.1 Longevity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

~1*

II *****

3.3.2 Hardiness 3.3.3 Competitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G ***** 3-6

3. 3. 4 Preda tors . . . . . . . . . . Cl

Cl " **** Cl " ****** o *

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3.3.5 Diseases Injuries, and Abnormalities 3.4 NUTRITION AND GROWTH ...........*......**....**.. 3-7 *I' 3.4.1 Feeding********************************o**G*

3 .4 . 2 Food * * . . * * . . . . . . * * . . * * . . . . . . . * . . * . * . * . . . . * . .

3-8 3- 8 ,.,,

3.4.3 Growth Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8 3.4.4 Metabolism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

3-9 3.5 BEHAVIOR . . . . . . . * * . . . . . * . . . * . . . * * . . . . * . . . . . * . . . * . 3-9 3.5.1

3. 5. 2 3.5.3 Migrations and Local Movements ..*..**....*.. 3-9 Schooling Responses to Simuli *......**..**..*.*..***** 3-10 I

4.0 POPULATION . . * . * . . . . * * . . * . * . * . . . . . . . * . . e * * * * * * * * * *

4-1 4 .1 STRUCTURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

4-1 4.1.1 Sex Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . o . a o o

o * * * * * * * * *

4-1 4.1.2 Age Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4.1.3 Size Composition *..**....*...........*....** 4-1

4. 2 DENSITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

4. 2 .1 Average Density*.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2 4.2.2 Changes in Density *.*.......**........*..... 4-3 4 . 3 NATALITY AND RECRUITMENT. . . * . . . . . * . * . * . . . . * * . * .

4-3

4.3.1 Reproduction Rates 4.3.2 Factors Affecting Reproduction ...*.....**...

4.3.3 Recruitment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. 4 MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY. . . * . . . . . . * . . . . . * * * . . . . .

4-3 4-4 4-4 I

4.4.1 Mortality Rates ....*.........*.*..*.....**..

4.4.2 Factors Causing or Affecting Mortality 4.4.3 Factors Affecting Morbidity 4-4

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4.4.4 Relation of Morbidity to Mortality Rates

4.5 DYNAMICS OF POPULATION 4.6 THE POPULATION IN THE COMMUNITY AND THE ECOSYSTEM ***.....*..........*.*.......... 4-5

5.0 EXPLOITATION 6.0 ENTRAINMENT AND IMPINGEMENT ....*..***......*...... 6-1 6 .1 ENTRAINMENT . . ; . . . . . . . * . a * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

6-1 6.1.1 Density in Intake Water . . . . . . . . . . . * * . . . . . . .

6-1 6.1.2 Survival . . . . . . . . . . . o * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

6-4 6.2 IMPINGEMENT . . . . . . . . . * * . . . . . . . . . . *

0 ** ID ***** ID ** Cl. 6-6 LITERATURE CITED . . . * . . * * . * . . . . *

Cl **** o * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

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Not discussed; inappropriate and/or no data available I

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I I INTRODUCTION I Neomysis americana (Smith 1873), commonly known as the opos-sum shrimp, is the most abundant macroinvertebrate planktor collected in the vicinity of the Salem Nuclear Generating I

Station. It is a food resource for fish. Based on its abundance and ecological importance within the Delaware Bay and in the vicinity of Salem, the U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency-Region II (EPA) in 1979 selected N. americana as a target species for the Salem 316(b) Demonstration.

In 1981, EPA agreed with the Company's position that the I available conditional mortality rate (CMR) models were not appropriate_ for certain target species. The two models cur-rently in use are the Empirical Transport Model (ETM) (Bore-I man et al, 1978) and the Empirical Impingement Model (EIM)

(Barnthou'se et al, 1979). These models cannot be used for N. americana without severe alteration because of the over-lapping, indistinguishable cohorts produced by the species I and temperature related sampling gear avoidance.

This report contains data which will be used to prepare a I qualitative impact assessment of the Salem Nuclear Generat-ing Station's operational impact on Neomysis americana.

analysis will be completed in the Salem 316(b) Demonstration The document.

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I 1-1 1* SECTION 1.0 IDENTITY I 1.1 1.1.1 NOMENCLATURE Valid Name I Neornysis arnericana (Smith, 1873)

1 1.1.2 Synonymy I Mysis americana Smith, 18 73: 552 (type locality Beesley's Point, New Jersey}

Mysis americanus - Benedict, 1885:176 I Mysis spinulosus - DeKay, 1844:31 (cited from Fowler, 1912)

I 1 *2 TAXONOMY I 1.2.l Affinities

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The following systematic arrangement from Phylum through Order follows Waterman (1960, as cited in Gasner, 1971); the

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I arrangement from Suborder through Species follows Tattersall and Tattersall (1951) ~

Phylum Arthropoda I Subphylum Mandibulata Class Crustacea Subclas*s Malacostraca I Superorder Peracarida Order Mysidacea Suborder Mysida Family, Mysidae I

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Subfamily Mysinae i Genus Neomysis Latreille, 1803 I Fowler (1912) offered the following generic description:

"Carapace covers only anterior part of thorax, both sides turned down and in to apply to base of feet.

Carapace becomes very narrow anteriorly ending in short

-flattened rostrum. Abdomen slender, tapers, elongate,

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I nearly cylindrical. Eyes large, short, bases hidden below front edge of carapace. First antennae inserted

1 above second pair below eye near median line, and with two terminal f laggella to each one. Second antennae longer, basal joint with elongated laminar appendage I'

attached, and its inner edge ciliated. Two succeeding joints of peduncle slender and cylindrical, and flagellum filiform.

pediform.

Foot-jaws of two pairs, entirely First pair short, formed of three distinct I

branches. Of latter internal pe~iform portion five-jointed, hairy and doubled upon itself in front of mouth. Middle branch or palp elongated and formed of I

numerous articulations. Basilar joint very large, with ciliated strap-shaped process on each side. Third or external branch, or flabelliform appendage, represented by semimembranous scale directed upwards and lying I

under edge of carapace. Second pair of foot-jaws of similar formation, but without flabelliform appendage.

Feet in six pairs, formed of corresponding elements I

with external pedipalps and five pairs of feet, as in Decapods. Each consists of two branches, decreasing in length from before backwards, and formed for swimming.

First four pairs o.f feet without flabelliform I

appendage, though last two have it. This part very .

small in male, though greatly developed in female, and forms on each side broad plate bent under sternum, thus I

forming pouch in which eggs are first deposited and in which secluded young pass early period of their life."

l j I' Williams et al. ( 1974) describe the unique morphological characteristics of females of the genus Neomysis. They I

state:

"The genus Neomysis is unique in having median f ingerlike papillae on the last two or three pereonal sterna of gravid females (W. M. Tattersall, 1932). w.

M. Tattersall (1951) found these papillae on the last two sternae of N. americana, ... Their function is I

unknown. Other-characters of Neomysis are the presence of a bailing lobe on the posterior margin of the oostegite of pereopod 6 .*. and a rudimentary oostegite on pereopod 5 ..* "

Similar genera I In the Delaware Bay region five closely related genera of mysid shrimp, each represented by a single species, have I

been reported (Watling and Maurer, 1973). These include Neomysis americana, Mysidopsis bigelowi, Gastrosaccus dissimilis, Metamysidopsis munda, and Mysis mixta. Both N. -~I l;:

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I 1-3 I f americana and M. bigelowi are endemic to this region; the

.others occur rarely. M. munda and G. dissimilis have been I reported in Gulf of Mexico (Tattersall, 1951 (cited from Hopkins, 1965)), while M. mixta is a boreal mysid occurring in western Atlantic waters, mainly north of Cape Cod (Wigley and Burns, 1971). Only N. americana and M. bigelowi were I

collected in the present-study, identified as such from morphological differences in the telson terminal segment (Table 1-1, Figure l~l) .

Species N. americana (Smith, 1873)

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,, Smith (1912) described species characteristics as follows:

"Anterior edge distinctly rostrated, but only slightly projecting, evenly rounded, and inferior angle projecting into sharp tooth. Antennules of male with I densely ciliated sexual appendage, outer flagellum nearly long as body and inner slightly shorter.

Antennal scale about three-fourths long as carapace, I about nine times long as broad, tapering regularly from base to very long acute tip and both edges ciliated.

Appendages of fourth abdominal segment in male as usual I in typical species. Outer ramus slender and naked, its pair of terminal stylets equal in length, slender, curved toward tip, and distal half armed with numerous short setae. Ultimate segment of ramus itself little I more than half long as stylets, and penultimate segment four or five times long as terminal. Inner lamella of

. appendages of sixth segment about long as telson, I narrow, slightly broadened at base, and tapers to slender obtuse point. Outer lamella one and one-half as long as inner, eight times long as broad, slightly tapering, and end subtruncate. Telson triangular, I broadened at base, lateral edges slightly convex posteriorly, and armed with stout spines alternating with intervals of several smaller ones. Telson tip I! very narrow, truncate, armed with stout spine each side, and two small ones filling space between their bases."

.1 Neomysis americana is the only one of 16 known species of Neomysis that occurs in the western North Atlantic (Smith, 1912; Williams et al., 1974).

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1.2.2 Taxonomic status

,, This is a well defined morphospecies.

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1-4 I 1.2.3 Subspecies I No subspecies have been reported. In a '<Comparison of morphological characteristics of specimens from several I locations along the Atlantic coast, Williams et al. ( 1974) detected no significant differences by geographic location, I

suggesting that no isolated populations occur.

1.2.4 Standard Common Names, Vernacular Names Opossum shrimp I l *3 MORPHOLOGY II 1.3.1 External Morphology I

External morphological factors are used as the bases for determination of affinities and as such are discussed in Section 1. 2. 1

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1. 3. 4 Aging I No direct aging techniques are known. However, specimens of I

a given length might be aged, but only approximately, based on the total time (brood development time + post-marsupial I

growth time) to achieve that length as estimated from the temperature dependent growth and development relationships reported by Pezzack, and Corey (1979) and observed temperature.

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., Table 1-1 Key to the Mysidacea of the Delaware Bay Region (From Guide to the Macroscopic Estuarine and Marine Invertebrates of the Delaware Bay Region by Watling and Maurer, 1973}

I l Telson cleft 2 Telson entire 3

.1* 2 Lateral margin of telson with less than 15 spines Gastrosaccus dissimilis I Lateral margin of telson with more than 30 spines Mysis mixta I 3 Lateral margin of telson with spines along the whole length 4

I Lateral margin of telson with proximal two-thirds smooth and without spine~

Metamysidopsis munda I 4 Lateral margin of telson with about 12 short spines along the whole length7 apex with 3 pairs of long, strong spines I Mysidopsis bigelowi Lateral margin of telson with about 40 spines, distally these are grouped with 1-3 shorter spines between longer I ones

..* Neomysis americana

1 Additional species reported in early literature and cited by Watling and Maurer, 1973, but not taken by them or in the present study:

I* Heteromysi.s formosa Bowmaniella johnsoni (=Gastrosaccus?)

Erythrops erythrophthalma I

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TEL SON ANTENNAL SCALE Myaidopcia bigelov..ri Myaidopaia bigelowi NEOMYSIS AMERICANA Neomyaia americana Neomyaia americana .......

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l I lmm Neomysis arnericana adult with comparison of telson and PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:;o GAS COHPAUY antennal components of ~* americana and Mysidopsis SALEH Jl6(b) STUDY bigelowi.

Figure 1-1 I.A. Research/Consulting

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., 2.1 TOTAL AREA SECTION 2.0 DI ST RI.BUT I ON I Neomysis arnericana is the most common and abundant mysid inhabiting the estuaries and nearshore ocean of the northeastern coast of the United States (Wigley and Burns, 1971). It ranges from the St. Lawrence River to Florida

.( {Fig. 2-1) {Williams et al., 1974), with greatest abundance occurring south of New England. Whitely (1948) recorded it on Georges Bank inside the 100-m margin but most abundantly

1. in water 75-m deep or less. Wigley and Burns (1971) described.abundance as greatest at 30 to 60 meters.

I 2.2 DIFFERENTIAL DISTRIBUTION (Spawn, Larvae, Juveniles, and Adults)

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,,, since eggs and larvae of Neomysis arnericana develop within the marsupiurn of the female, and since emergent larvae quickly molt into motile juveniles which respond to environmental parameters as do the adults, differential distribution with life stage is not expected. Figures 2-2 I and 2-3 evidence this generally similar distribution, especially with high-density-Jareas near Cape May and in mid-bay, of juveniles {0-2 mm) and adults {> 5 mm) during a I representative period (May 29-June l, 1979).

I 2.3 DETERMINANTS OF DISTRIBUTION CHANGES I The horizontal and vertical distribution of Neomysis americana reflects a complicated response to physico-chemical parameters including light intensity, and tidal I* current and stage, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. It displays a vertical migration, primarily in response to light intensity. Hulburt (1957) concluded that this apparently enables it to utilize the two-layered

.I estuarine transport mechanism and tidal flow, thereby selecting the direction of its horizontal movement. The two-layered transport system, which is a result of salinity stratification and therefore varies with season, tide, and I location (PSE&G, 1980b, pp. 7-8), comprises a net downstream-moving surface current and a more saline, net upstream-moving bottom current. The organisms preference for these I more saline bottom waters ensures a general upstream movement (Hulburt, 1957). Its utilization of these

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2-2 I transport mechanisms enables it to maintain or seek preferred location within the range of environmental I

parameters described below.

I 2.3.1 Light Intensity I

Neomysis americana is photonegative (Hulburt, 1957; Hennan, 1963a; i963b; Fikslin, 1973), and in Delaware Bay the largest concentrations apparently occur below a depth where light I

intensity is between 50.00 and 0.03 percent of surface light intensity (Hulburt, 1957). In its vertical migration the animal is apparently seeking light of optimum wavelength, in the vicinity of 515mµ (Herman, 1963b). During daylight it

I concentrates in the deeper, darker channel areas, avoiding the light transmissive upper strata and shallow water areas.

The occasional occurrence of large concentrations in shallow I

water areas may be related to actually low transmitted-light levels (resulting from suspended particulates, i.e., high turbidity) generally associated with these areas. I During darkness N. americana migrates off bottom into the water column (Cushing, 1951; Hennan, 1963a). Our data suggest that density estimates based on 0.5 m plankton net I

samples collected during night are on the average 3.12 times greater than those based on samples collected with the same gear during day (Table 2-1). A paired-t test indicated that i :1 the probability of a difference of this magnitude occurring **

by chance alone is less than 0.1 percent (t = 4.77**, df =

16). Increased density at night appears to be the result of increased numbers of individuals in the water column as a I

result of this noctural movement.

I 2.3.2 Salinity I

Neomysis water to 1980a) .

americana tolerates salinity from full strength sea a lower limit near 2 ppt (Meldrim, 1979; PSE&G, Greatest. density apparently occurs at 15 to 20 ppt I

salinity (Cronin et al., 1962) .

I 2.3.3 Temperature

'I Neom¥sis americana occupies water ranging from 0.0°c to 30.2 C (PSE&G, 1980b).

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1 2-3 I 2.3.4 Substrate I Throughout its range N. americana is distributed over a wide variety of substrate types. on Georges Bank and the near-shore areas it is most commonly associated with sand (Wigley I and Burns, 1971). In North Carolina estuaries it is common over clay and silt (Grossman and Benson, 1967 (as cited in Williams, 1972)).

1* In lower Delaware Bay N. americana occurs over various combinations of silt-clay (Kinner et al., 1975), and in the upper bay-lower river region (ca. rkm 64-97) it occurs over I sand, clay, organic mud, and various combinations of these (Connelly et al., 1976).

I 2.3.5 Dissolved Oxygen I Low dissolved oxygen can limit distribution.but this is not considered a factor in Delaware Bay where dissolved oxygen typically ranges from ca. 5-12 ppm (PSE&G, 1980b).

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3 Table 2-1 Mean density (n/lOOm ) of Neomysis americana during day and night near Artificial Island (ca. rkrn 64-97) from June through August, 1973-1977 I

Date Day Night Night/

Day .1 6/11-12/73 7/10/73 833 1,665 5,512 10,454 6.6 6.3 1*

7/23/73 8/15-16/73 1,661 262 1,826 5,304 1.1 20.2 I

7/8-9/74 3,932 2,823 0.7 I'

6/18-19/75 1,309 9,937 7.6 7/1-2/75 12,671 21,396 1. 7 I 7/21-22/75 7/30-31/75 3,534 4,537 4,202 23,146

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8/26-27/75 6/14-15/76 3,938 3,752 5,692 8,171 1.4 2.2 I

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I 6/23-24/76 3,018 17,151 5.7 I 7/6-7/76 5,519 15,616 2.8 7/19-20/76 7,283 28,837 4.0

.1 8/11-12/76 6/13-14/77 2,786 944 10,652 8,945 3.8 9.5 I

6/29-30/77 991 3,038 3.1

I Sum of Densities 58,635 182,702 i Weighted Night/

Day Ratio 3.1159 I

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NEOMYS IS AMER I CANA 50°N-

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70° '\f I

65°ll I

60°if I

55°W I

Range of Neo~sis americana.

I* PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Alm GAS COMPANY SALEM*316(b) STUJ)Y I *~

Figure 2-1 I.A. Research/Consulting I

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NEOMYSIS AMERICANA (0-2 MM)

I MAY 29 - JUN. 1, 1979 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 0.

121

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0.

750.

TO TO 750.

1500.

I I > 1500. TO 2250.

I' I > 2250. TO 3000.

N NEW JERSEY ,,

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.I DELAWARE ,,

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Mean density (number/100m ) of juvenile (0-I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY 2 mm) Neomysis americana in the Delaware SALEM 316(b) STUDY River Estuary during May 29-June 1, 1979. ~1 Figure 2-2 al I.A. Research/Consulting

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1 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA (5+ MM)

I MAY 29 - JUN. 1, 1979 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkin 0-117 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 o.

I I{)

a

> o.

> 2785.

TO TO 2785.

5570.

I I > 5570. TO 8355.

,, I > 8355. TO 11142.

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I I DELAWARE

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I Mean density (number/lOOm 3 ) of adult (5+

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPA.'iY mm) Neomysis americana in the Delaware

I' . SALEK 316(b) STUDY River Estuary during May 29-June 1, 1979.

Figure 2-3 I '-+

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I 3-1 I SECTION 3.0 BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY I 3.1 REPRODUCTION

.'I 3.1.1 Sexuality The species is dioecious (Gesner, 1971).

I I 3.1.2 Maturity Sexual maturity is assumed at, typically, the 8th or 9th

'I intermolt phase (Pezzack and Corey, 1979). Secondary sexual

,, characteristics the presence of the presence of 1979).

occurring at maturity include, for males, elongated fourth pleopods, and, for females, a mature marsupium (Pezzack and Corey, Female length at maturity is approximately 5 mm. Time to I sexual maturity is temperature dependent: Pezzack and Corey

( 1979) indicated ,that development from egg to egg-bearing*

adult at temperature greater than 15°C took 63 days. At I less than 15°C this time increases. Clutter and Theilacker (1971) reported a similar maturation time (53 days) for Metamysidopsis elongata. Pezzack and Corey (1979) reported that males and females of the summer breeding generation of I

Neomysis americana in Passamaquoddy Bay, near the mouth of the Bay of Fundy, matured in 1-1.S months: the spring breeding generation in 8-10 months. Lewontin ( 1965, as cited in Pezzack and Corey, 1979) demonstrated that a small reduction in time-to-maturity has a greater effect on the population growth rate than does a large change in I fecundity.

I 3.1.3 Mating I Mating occurs at night, apparently during the off-bottom migration. Herman (1963a) stated that during the major spawning period mature mysids evidence extensive vertical migration, far more than at other times. There is evidence, I at least among Metamysidopsis elongata (Clutter and Theilacker, 1971), that females may exude pheromones to attract males. Copulation is accomplished by the adult male 1* grasping the female by her carapace and holding her against his ventral surface.

I I.A. Research; Consulting I

3-2 I

3.1.4 Fertilization I

No references specific to fertilization of Neomysis arnericana are known. Clutter and Theilacker (1971), in I

describing Metamysidopsis elongata, stated that sperm are passed into the female empty brood pouch, and the eggs which are subsequently extruded by the female are fertilized.

I Since a mature female is available for copulation for only a few minutes following molting attendance by a male is chancy, and fertilization does not always occur. Based on the frequency of molting observed by Clutter and Theilacker I

(1971) for M. elongata, female Neomysis are probably fertilized at approximately 10 day intervals. I I.

3.1.S Gonads No information specific to gonadal structure and function for Neomysis americana is known. Clutter and Theilacker (1971} described ovarian structure of Metarnysidopsis elongata as: "the ovary is situated in the interspace between the alimentary canal and the peracardial floor. Its I*

most obvious feature is the pair of larger tubes that lay side by side. It is in these tubes that the eggs to be extruded into the brood pouch are invested with yolk. The

... I process of yolk formation takes about a week in ;

Metamysidopsis and is completed just before the female molts ...

i I

and copulates."

Pezzack and Corey ( 1979) reported that most N* americana releas~ eggs into the marsupium the same night that young of the previous brood are released~ maximum time between broods for animals held at 10°C seems to be 48 hours5.555556e-4 days 0.0133 hours 7.936508e-5 weeks 1.8264e-5 months .

I 3.1.6 Spawning Reproduction and spawning occurs from approximately mid-I March through December (Fig. 3-1). Some production by large (12 mm) overwintered ovigerous females occurs in mid-March (temperature ca. 4°C). However, production is generally low I

through April, or until temperature reaches approximately 15°C. Most production is during mid-May through mid-November. With further lowering of temperature, spawning I decreases and is essentially nil during mid to late December. This scenario is corroborated by Pezzack and Corey { 1979) who experimentally demonstrated that no spawning or gonadal development occurred at temperature less I

than ca. 4°C.

I.A. Research/Consulting I

I

I 3-3 I 3.1.7 Spawn/Fecundity I Eggs are released into the marsupium, and can be collected only after the fact to generate estimates of fecundity.

Fecundity estimates for Neomysis americana in Delaware Bay, I were derived from 991 egg- or larvae-bearing females collected during May 1979-May 1980 (Fig. 3-2). The relationship between brood size and female head(from rostrum)-telson, length is illustrated in Figures 3-3 and 3-I 4. Number of eggs ranged from 5 at 6 mm to 94 at 15 mm; larvae ranged from 4 at 6 mm to 92 at 16 mm. Regression analysis on log transformed data from all generations from I the period March 20 through November 15 yielded the following .significant (p ~ 0.05) relationships:

-I Y = e-2.9752 x 2.7113 (R

2

= 0.8011; n=466)

I Larvae Y = e

-3.3446

.* x 2.8085 (R

2

= 0.7820; n=525)

I Y = number of eggs or larvae.

x = Bead-telson length (mm).

I To determine if differences in brood size exist between the overwintering and summer-fall generations the data were partitioned: March 20 through May 15, representing the I overwintering generation; and July 1 to November 16, representing the summer-fall generations. To eliminate pdssible overlap between generations the period May 15 to July 1 was not considered.

I Regression analysis indicated the following relationships (Table 3-1; Fig. 3-5).

I overwintering Generation I

x2.6928 2 I Larvae Y = e-2.8134 (R = 0.3783; n=ll7)

I Y - e

-1.7257

x 2.1858 (R 2

= 0.3626; n=l33) 1-I. I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-4 I Summer-fall Generations I Eggs y = e -0.3852 x

1. 3964 2 (R -= 0.3561; n=l79)

I Larvae y = e -2.4878 2.3551 2 I

x (R = 0.4510; n=l53)

Y = number of eggs or larvae.

x = Head-telson length {mm).

I I

The relationship between larvae production and head-telson length appears relatively equal between overwintering and summer-fall ,generations as indicated by a non-significant difference between regression coefficients (Table 3~2; Fig.

I 3-5). However, the significant difference between regression coefficients for eggs suggests that the number of eggs produced by summer-fall generation individuals I

decreases proportionally with length, *relative to the numbe.t produced by the overwintering generation. fl An estimate of the mean number of eggs or larvae produced by either an overwintering or summer-fall generation female may I

04.*

be obtained by using the pooled within-generation regression to adjust the fecundity estimate to a common mean head-telson length. Using the mean overwintering female length 4':~**

of 12.48 mm, the mean number of eggs and larvae were 53.81 and 44.38, respectively. For summer-fall generation females, mean of 7.73 mm, the mean number of eggs and larvae I

were 11.89 and 10.36, respectively. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated that, in both generations, the difference between the number of eggs and larvae (i.e., main effect-I stage) was significant (p ~ 0.01) (Table 3-3).

Differences in brood size between generations have been I reported by Pezzack and Corey (1979) and Wigley and Burns (1971) for N. americana; by Kinne (1955), Vorstman (1951),

and Mauchline (1971) for N. integer and by Mauchline (1965) for Praunus inerrnis (all cited from Pezzack and Corey, I

19 79)

I 3.2 PREADULT PHASE I

Development of the embryo marsupium of the female.

as defined by Pezzack and and early larva occurs in the Three distinct marsupiant stages, Corey {1979), are described and

-1 illustrated with original drawings (Figs. 3-6).

.- I I.A. Research/Consulting I

I 3-5 I 3. 2. l Embryonic Phase I Stage l): Egg,, from fertilization to the shedding of the vitelline membrane: very irregular, dense and granular with no significant perivitelline space (Fig. 3-6). Mean size,

'I based on 149 eggs from 11 females measuring 7-14 mm, is 0.38 mm (SE= 0.02). Egg size appears related to female length.

Results of ANOVA and the SNK Multiple Range Test (Table 3-4 and 3-5) indicate that the larger females had significantly I (p < 0.05) larger eggs. Mean egg size may be predicted from the-following equation:

2

= 0.646)

I Y = 0.299 + L

0.007 (r 1* Pezzack and Corey (1979) reported the mean size of Neomysis americana eggs from Passamaquody Bay (spring and summer generations combined) at 0.41 (SD 0.04 mm). Contrary to I findings in the present study, these researchers reported that 11 egg size varied more within a single brood than between broods of* females of different sizes *** 11

,.'I.:.

I I r 3.2.2 Larval Phase

~ Stage 2): Eyeless larva, from the shedding of the vitelline I membrane to the first larval molt: eyeless, tear-shaped, with no readily apparent internal structure (Fig. 3-6).

Appendages developing and segmentation distinct. Oil droplets scattered throughout. Posterior pointed and I setose; the anterior appears invaginated. Pezzack and Corey (1979} reported carapace length of eyeless larvae at 0.42 mm.

1 Stage 3): Eyed larva, from the first larval molt to liberation: eye large in proportion to the body (Fig. 3-6).

Abdominal segmentation present but obscure. Telson and I uropods present. Antennae formed, and there is some body setation.

I Manton (1928) and Nair (1939) described first ecdysis for Metamysidopsis elongata as: 11 a larval ecdysis occurs in the brood pouch shortly before the larvae are liberated. These late-stage larvae have moveable appendages and pigmented I eyes that show through the transparent.oostegites of the brooding female. The small quantity of yolk that is present after the larval ecdysis is absorbed, or nearly so, prior to 1- liberation from the brood pouch. 11 I I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-6 I Nair (1939} states that larvae liberation from the marsupium, of M. elongata, upon tend to sink and then (within I

minutes of liberation} undergo a second ecdysis after which the statocysts appear and they are cap~ble of swimming.

I 3.2.3 Juvenile Phase 1*

No specific information on the juvenile phase of Neornysis americana is available. Nair (1939) states that I

Metamysidopsis elongata assumes the highly mobile juvenile form within a few minutes after the second larval ecdysis.

He also reported that sexual dimorphism among immature M.

elongata is evidenced by antennules and abdominal appendages I

even though neither the brood pouch nor penis is developed.

I 3.3 3.3.l ADULT PHASE

.Longevity I

The longest-lived Neomysis are the overwintering generation I

which originate f rorn eggs that hatch during the previous ~

," I summer and autumn and, perhaps, even late spring (Wigley and Burns, 1971). These individuals live from 10-14 months (Wigley and Burns, 1971} and reach 18 mm in length {PSE&G, 1980b} .

The late spring and summer generations are relatively short I

lived, ca. 6 to 10 months (Wigley and Burns, 1971).

I 3.3.3 Competitors I

Neomysis arnericana is primarily a detritivore-herbivore (see Section 3.4.1), and since the Delaware Estuary is primarily a detrital-based system with an abundance of detrital I

material, food is probably not limiting and competition for food is unlikely.

Competitive pressure for space might be effected by the co-I occurring Mysidopsis bigelowi. If this pressure exists, it is probably limited to small areas in the lower to middle bay since, in the present study, only occasionally did I

density of this subordinate species exceed 10 percent of the Neomysis density in these regions. Hopkins (1965) stated -1 I.A. Research/Consulting I I

.I 3-7 I that M. bigelowi was present throughout the year in Delaware Bay but comprised only 17 percent of the mysid population I and was only sporadically abundant from Septe~ber through Feburary.

1 3.3.4 predators I Neomysis americana is preyed upon by fishes and invertebrates. It is,an important food for weakfish, silver perch, and Atlantic croaker (Shuster, 1959; deSylva et al.,

I 1962; Thomas, 1971; Bason et al., 1975, 1976). In Delaware Bay, Daiber (in Shuster, 1959) recorded Neomysis in over 80 percent of the weakfish analyzed, and Stevenson (1958)

I ranked it high in the diet of the bay anchovy.

fed upon by the following locally occurring fish:

It is also Striped bass (Bason, 1971, Bason et al., 1975, 1976), white perch (deSylva et al., 1962; Meadows, 1976), crevalle jack (Bason I et al., 1975), spotted and southern hake (Sikora et al.,

1972), clearnose skate (Fitz, 1956), bluefish, northern kingfish, winter flounder and windowpane (aeSylva et al.,

I 1962). Predation on Neomysis by the invertebrate Cran~on septemspinosa, may be highduriny dielvertical migrations (Herman, 1963a).

I 3.4 NUTRITION AND GROWTH I 3.4.1 Feeding I Neomysis americana, as inferred from results of gut analysis of N. mercedis (Kost and Knight, 1975), is primarily a detritivore-herbivore and, to a lesser extent, a carnivore.

I Based on laboratory observations duriny the present study (entrainment mortality sampling) it is also cannibalistic, at least under high organism-density conditions.

I Feeding, as described by Nicol (1967), is by two methods, one for dealing with large food and another for filtering suspended particles. He described the former as: They I "seize small animals (crustaceans, arrow worms) with thoracic limbs and tear them up by means of mandibles and maxillules."

I In the latter method, thoracic limbs direct suspended particles to the maxillae where they are strained and subsequently pushed onto the mandibles for maceration. Food I is filtered directly from sea water during swinunin~ or may be obtained from bottom sediments it is capable of resusvending.

I ""

I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-8 I 3.-:;.2 Food I

Neomysis americana seems capable of utilizing a wide variety of foods. Probably an opportunist, it demonstrates a diet I

that changes with seasonal detrital load, plankton composition, and in relation to its own body size. In gut analysis of N. mercedis (Kost and Knight, 1975) detritus and I

diatoms were-principal food components~ Detritus was more important in the diet of larger shrimp, diatoms were for smaller shrimp. Animal fragments and other items (pollen, plant fragments, etc.) also were utilized. The importance I

of easily digested food such as algae, bacteria, etc., which may not be detected or accurately quantified by gut analysis, _is unknown.

I 3.4.3 Growth Rate I

Pezzack and Corey (1979) experimentally demonstrated an I

exponential relationship between temperature and growth rate, with maximum growth rate occurring at 25°C (Fig. 3-7).

Little or none occurred at <4°C. Development time of I marsupiant larvae held at 10 and l6°C was 23-25 and 12-14 days, respectively. The first postmarsupium molt was synchronized at each temperature. At 4, 10, 16, 22, and

'1 I

25°C, time to first molt was 312, 144, 72, 48 and 24 hr, respectively. ~:~*1 Pezzack and Corey (1979) demonstrated the following molt pattern:

I*

"Postmarsupial (sic) stages held at l5°C and 29°/ 0 0 for 60 days, showed intermolt periods of 96-120 hr up to I

the ninth molt. Between the eighth and ninth molt, rudimentary sexual characteristics developed (the fourth pleopod in males, and oostegites in females).

I The subsequent intermolt period was 240 hr. Thus, sexual maturity at l5°C and 29°/ 00 took from about 45 to 55 days." I Clutter and Theilacker (1971) reported that males and I

females of Metamysidopsis elongata "grow at rates that are indistinguishable up to the age of about 30 days, even though the juvenile males molt more frequently than juvenile I females. After that the males grow more slowly."

I I.A. Research/Consulting

I I

I

I 3-9

.1 The late juvenile-adult length-weight relationship for Neomysis americaha, calculated from data (Table 3-6) generated in the present study (Lindsay and Morrisson, I 1974) t is:

2 W = 0.0023537 L2

6423 R = 0.9956*

I

,, W = dry weight (mg).

L = Head-Telson length (mm).

2

This R value is based c;;n mean-weight since individual weights were not presented by Lindsay and Morrisson (1974).

I 3.4.4 Metabolism I Estimates of weight-specific respiration of Neomysis americana at 4 and 10 C reported by Raymont and Conover I (1961) were adjusted by Clutter and Theilacker (1971) to 16°C by using a Q 10 value of 1.6. Their estimated relationship between respiration rate and weight ranged from approximately 2.6 µl o /mg hr at 1.6 mg to 2.9 µl o /mg hr I at 1. 3 mg.

2 2 The best estimate of the respiration rate of Metamysidopsis I elongata is given by the equation R = 2.1 w0

67 (Clutter and Theilacker, 1971).

I where W =dry weight (mg).

I R = respiration rate (µl o /hr).

2 I 3.5 BEHAVIOR 3.5.1 Migrations and Local Movements I

Neomysis americana demonstrates regular diel vertical I migration between the bottom substrate and water column.

See Section 2.3 for a discussion of this behavior and its role in local horizontal movement.

I 1~

~

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

I 3.5.3 Responses to Stimuli 3-10 Temperature I

Studies by Ecological Analysts, Inc. (1978) indicate that short-term exposure (10 minutes) of N. americana acclimatized at 24.0-24.5°C resulted-in TL 50

(=LT 50

) of 32.8- I 34.4 °C; the mean was 33.7°C. Results of ~ests a~ extended exposure of 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months and acclimation temperatures of 24.0-26.00C indicate a TL 50 of 29.4°C. ,I Salinity I

Neornysis americana tolerates salinity from full strength sea water (PSE&G, 1980a) to a lower limit near 2 ppt (Meldrim, I

1979).

Tests to determine this lower limit were conducted during I

the present study at temperature ranging from 14.5°C to 23°C and salinity as low as 1.0 ppt. Although Hulburt (1957) estimated (based on field data) 4 ppt to be the lowest

tolerated salinity of N. americana in the Delaware River I

Estuary, the mean percent mortality in five tests at 2.0 and 3.0 ppt was less than 50 percent.

"'1' --.

...f I

J

,.,..._::_ ____ 1 I

I I

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

I

Table 3-1 Results of regression of log brood size on log length (mm) for overwintering, e e summer-fall, and combined generations of Neomysis americana.

Standard Mean Intercept Slope Error Length (mm)

(a) (b) Slope F R2 N log e

Overwintering Population (March 20-May 15)

Eggs -2.813443 2.692800 0.32190 69.979 0.37831 117 2.5286 Larvae -1. 725672 2.185825 0.25322 74.513 0.36257 133 2.5205 Pooled -2.238060 2.424808 0.21039 132.834 0.34880 250 2.5243 w

I I-'

I-'

Summer-Fall Population (July 1-November 15)

Eggs -0.385207 1. 396433 0.14114 97.896 0.35612 179 2.0330 Larvae -2.487821 2.355127 0.21148 124.020 0.45095 153 2.0599 Pooled -1. 029886 1. 682826 0.12461 182.389 0.35596 332 2.0454 Combined Population (March 20-November 15)

Eggs -2.97516 2.711272 0.06273 1868.242 0.80105 466 2. 2162 Larvae -3.344563 2.808499 0.06485 1875.744 0.78197 525 2.2577 Pooled -3.089504 2.726869 0.04611 3497.714 0.77957 991 2.2382 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 3-2 Test for significant differences between regression slopes (t-value and DF) for Neomysis americana eggs and larvae with female length.

Overwintering .versus Summer-Fall Annual Eggs 3. 716**

292 versus 1.231 NS -3.847** -1.078 NS 246 328 987 Larvae -0.508 NS 282 Combined 3.026**

578

- p < 0.01 NS not significant

,. I.A. Research/Consult~ng

I 3-13 I Table 3-3 Results of analysis of covariance of log brood size e

I by brood stage (i.e., eggs vs larvae) for overwintering and summer-fall generations of Neomysis americana, I SS DF MS F overwintering Population (March 20-May 15)

I Covariate Length 10.857 1 10.857 149.288**

I Main Effect Stage 2.306 l 2.306 31.708**

I Ex-p+/--a-i-n-ed 13.163 2 6.58 Residual 17.964 247 0.073 I Total 31.127 249 0.125 I Summer-Fall Population (July 1-November 16)

I , Covariate Length Main Effect 15.169 l 15.169 192.596**

I Stage l. 532 l l. 532 19.450**

Explained 16.701 2 8. 350 106.023**

I Residual 25.912 329 0.079 Total I 42.613 331 0.129

- p < 0.01 I

I

!I

.I I I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-14 I Table 3-4 Results of ANOVA on egg size of I

different sized female Neomysis americana.

I Degrees Source of Variation Sum of Squares of Freedom Mean Squares I Among samples 9.276785E-02 10 9.276785E-03 Within I

replications 4.315833E-02 138 3.127415E-04 Total variation l. 359262E-Ol 148 I F (10, 138) = 29.663** I

- p < 0.01 I

I

\:*'

I I

I.A. Research/Consulting I I

Table 3-5 Results of the SNK Multiple Range Test. Bars indicate o significant (p > 0.05) differences among mean egg size of different-sized fem le Neomysis americana.

Female Size (mm) 14 14 9 14 9 9 9 8 7 8 8 Mean Egg Size (mm) .403 .403 .400 .398 .382 .371 .368 364 .343 .343 .336 w

._.I lJ1 I.A. Research/Consulting

3-16 I Table 3-6 Head-telson length {mm) dry weight {mg) relationship of I

Neornysis americana.

x I

Subsample: #1 #2 #3 Weight He ad-Tel son SD I

Length Interval {mm}

4 0.10 Mean Weight (mg}

I 0.12 0.07 0.097 0.025 5 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.173 0.025 I 6 0.20 0.28 0.23 0.237 o.. 040 7 0.32 0.46 0.36 o. 380 o. 072 I 8

9 0.65 0.87 0.60 0.92 0.48 0.63 0.577 0.807 0.087 0.155 I

10 1.14 1.00 0.95 1.030 0.098 I 11 1.35 1.56 1.25 1.387 0.158 12 1.10 \

v I

13 1. 70 I

(after Lindsay and Morrisson, 1974)

I I

I.A. Research/Consulting 'I I

i- - - - - - - - - - - - ------

l*

.f.Q.O 30.0 u

25.0 f11 a

2.00

~ J.l).Q

~

w I

10.0 I-'

-..J GENERATION low r~_

~/ High Production 0.0 J F M A M J J N D TOTAL REPRODUCTIVE PERIO Relative production of Neom s s americana with PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTR!C A:a> GAS COtil'ANY temperature and season.

SALEH ]16(b) STUDY Figure 3-1 I.A. llesearch/Consulting

- * - - - - - - - *_ ___L_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 18.0.

Key: Symbols may reflect multiple occurrences.

16.0. A A /JA A A A j

r:

14.0-12.0 - A tt...

A M

M

/JA A

/Ji. A 6A /Ji.

A

/Ji. A E-t t7 . tt... M /JAA NJAA A/Ji. A /Ji.

~ 10.0 - A M AA AAA&A AA A tA A

~

Cll 8.0-AA At.AAA/Ji. a& A AA AA&a.6 &&!6.

A tA 6A A A A ..

a A

w I

~

A AA& AAlA /t). IJA /Ji. /t). A 00 8.0- A lAA /Ji. A A A

~ 4.0 -

A A 2.0 -

0.0 I I I I I I I I I I I I J F M A M J J A s 0 N D Length (head to tel son) of 991 brood-bearing female PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:;D CAS COMPANY Neom~sis americana used in fecundity analysis; collected SALEM 316(b) STUDY from the Delaware River Estuary during May 1979-May 1980*

Figure 3-2

1

I.A. Research/Consulting

(-

I 3-19 I

I NEOMYS IS AMER I CANA 100 I Key: Symbols may reflect multiple occurrences.

0 0

90 I 8 0 0

0 § 0 80 I ::a 8 § 0 0

0 0 0

~

0 en 70 0

~ ~ 0 0

~

0

a I 60 I

z 00 d

50 0 II 0

d

~

0 8

0 I r::..

0 40

~0 0

0

~ 0 I

t ~

~

t:t:I

a 0

30 0

0 I0

~

0 0

0 I

z 20 0

~

I8 0

0 0 I

0 I 0 0

8 0

~

10 8 § 8 0 I

,, 0 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM) 12.0 14.0 16.0 1ao I Relationship , based on 466 ovigerous PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COKPANY specimens, between number of eggs and I* SALEM 316(b) STUDY female body length of Neomysis americana.

Figure 3-3 1~ I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-20

. I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I 100-Key: Symbols may reflect I

mu 1 tip le occurrences

A 90 -

A i I I

80- A 0 A A

0...

0 C/J er::

70-A A

A l i A

A I

A A

< A i

A

~

so- A A

~ I

-s; z

i=::i A

A i

~ A A

A I

er::

50-i i A

~

r... 40-

. A A

A A

~ I i A

A A

.c.

A

~-.~'

I 0

~

i=::i til

e 30-

. A i

i I IA A

i i

A A

I z 20- i A

i I A

i I

I A

~

10 - A

. :~

A i 0

I I i

I A

I I I I I I I

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 16.0 HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM)

I Relationship, based on 525 larvigerous I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY specimens, between number of larvae and SALEM 316(b) STUDY female body length of Neomysis americana. . I Figure 3-4 I.A. Research/Consulting I I

I 3-21 I

I NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 10 2

- LEGEND

- o SUMMER-FALL - EGGS I - OS'UMMER-FALL -*LARVAE

- A OVERWINTERED-- EGGS . ~

- -+- -dVERWfNTEREff =--1.AR\i"AE I

I I -

I I

I

- I I

I -

I I

I r::::i

~

.1---t---~-l-------____!_____

?: "/ _ __ J _ _

/!

~

I ~

0

~

I 0

c.:J 10 1

- /*1

/*j r::::i r=..

9 -

I

~

~ -

r::::i Ill -

a I

::>

z I -

I I 100 I I I I I 1 I 101 10°-t---------.,.-----y----,--,---r--r-r-r-...--------------. I I HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM)

I I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY Relationship of number of eggs and larvae with female Neomysis americana length for overwintering and summer-fall generations.

1* SALEK 316(b) STUDY Figure 3-5 I I.A. Research/Consulting I

3-22 I

I I

I A

I I

0.5mm B I I

I I

PUBLIC SER.VICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY Egg (A) and larval stages (B, C) of Neomysis americana occurring I

SALEM 316(b) STUDY within the female marsupium.

Figure 3-6 I I.A. Research/Consulting I

I

... I I

t

~

I i

I 010 008 l

i

~0.06

.§

~a:

r 004 VJ i" I t\)

w 0.02 4 10 16 22 25 28 TEMPERATURE ( 'C)

Calculated growth rates of Neomysis an ericana held in the laboratory a.t PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A!ffi GAS COMPANY 4, 10, 16, 22, and 25 C. Ver~ical lires represent the standard error of SALEM 316(b) STUDY estimate (reprinted from Pezzack and ~orey (1979), with permission).

Figure 3-7 I.A. Research/ConsilJlting

4-1

I SECTION 4.0 POPULATION I 4 .1 STRUCTURE 4.1.l sex Ratio

~I Sex ratio is correlated with spawning season (Pezzack and Corey, 1979). In Passamaquoddy Bay tne ratio of females to I males increased during summer; it ran-:Jed from :.:!.6:1.0 (June 23, 1974) to l.O:l.O during winter. Wigley and Burns (1971) reported 1.06 female:l.OO male in 3,243 specimens from Gulf

. :1 of st. Lawrence to Virginia.

I There are no known methods of directly a~ing mysid shrimp.

Mysids "~row" by successional molting or shedding of their outgrown exoskeleton, thereby leaving no permanent record of age. Age of Neomysis americana can be estimated indirectly I by using known growth rates at given temperatures such as those ~ublished by Pezzack and Corey (1979) (Fig. 3-7) and then calculating growth for a given temperature/time history I "'

. I (see section 4.4.1). Age composition of tlle fJOJ:.>ulation can then be estimated by comparing length-frequency data on a given date with estimates of size calculated for the period

\*

of growth up to that date. In Delaware Bay, because of I multiple cohort overlap (Fig. 4-1) related to rapid ~rowth rate and short time to maturity, this technique can be used only during the early portion of the spawning season *

.1 4.1.3 Size Composition I Length-frequency I Neomysis americana length-frequency data from field samJ:.>les, which may reflect some gear avoidance (see section 6.1.1),

I and summary statistics by date from the 1979-1980 Delaware Bay population are presented in Figures 4-2, 4-3, 4-4, and 4-

5. Seasonal change in mean length was annually similar. In 1979 the mean ranged from 2.59 mm (July 24-27) to 11.06 mm I (April 17-20). During 1980 it ranged from 2.81 mm (August 18-23) to 9.67 mm (April 15-17). The large population mean of 8-11 mm during each March-April (Figs. 4-4 and 4-5)

I* reflects predominance ot larger overwintering individuals; low reproduction is evidenced by the paucity of l-2 mm

,~

I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-2 I larvae (Figs. 4-2 and 4-3). The wide stanaard deviation of the length-frequency data during early May (Figs. 4-4 and 4-I

5) reflects the increasing frequency of 1-2 mm larvae. The subsequent decrease in mean length evidences reproduction (the increase of 1-2 mm larvae (Fig. 4-2 and 4-3) as well as I

fewer of the larger overwintering individuals, the latter reflecting probably predation, natural mortality ana ~ear avoidance. I Rapid growth to maturity (ca. 50 days) and development of eggs and brood (ca. 13 aays) during summer and early fall results in a continuum of larval production, with subsequent I

overlap in broods and generations (Fig. 4-1) such that cohorts can not be discerned from length-frequency data.

I 4.2 DENSITY I so that density estimates of mysid shrimp be both accurate and precise, sampling methods must accommodate changes in vertical distribution (Grossnickle and Morgan, 1979).

I Neomysis americana congregate on or near bottom during daylight, and density and total abundance based on daylight samples are generally under estimatea. Comparison of I

day/night data collected early in the present study suggests that we h.ave underestimated density by ca. 300 percent (Table 2-1). Unless otherwise specified reported densities I

are not adjus~ed for this underestimation. ' \,_; .

I 4.2.l Average Density I

Estimates of average regional density in Delaware Bay durin~

1979 and 1980 are presented in Figures 4-6 and 4-7. A bimodal distribution pattern of Neomysis americana is evident during both years in most regions of the upper bay-I lower river (rkm 64-117). During 19j9 the first major regional peak (ca. 8,000-13,000/lOOm ) occurrea from July through ear~y August (Fig. 4-6); the second (ca. 16,000-I 24,000/lOOm ) during early October. The first peak represents overwintering adults and first generation (F )

larvae as well as some second generation production (Fig. 4-1); the second peak likely comprises second and third (F I

and F ) generation lar~ae. During 1980 the first maJOr Peak (ca. ~,000-10,500/lOOm ) occurred earlier, during mid-March through mid-June. No such trends were discernable in the I

downbay average regional density.

-I I.A. Research/Consulting I I

4-3

I. Spatial patterns of baywiae density during 1979 (Fig. 4-8) indicate consistentlv ---iJ--

-------------~

hiah (relative

.. - - - * - - - - - - to

-- ad;acent

-*---------- areas) density in the southeast margin of the bay near Cape May I (ca. rkrn 0-20), the miC1-portion of the bay (ca. rkrn 40-50-),

and the upper bay-lower river reyion (ca. rkrn 64-90).

Density nej-r the Cape May region, which was more than 3

4,000/lOOm on 8 occasions, was ca. 20,000-50,000/lOOm I <luring July 9-12 and October 15-17. ~nsity in the mid-bay region, which was more than 3,909;1oom on at least 5 occasions, was 8,000-20,000/lOOm during July 9-12 and I August 20-24. In the upper bay-lower river reyion, density was greater than 1 500/lOOm 3 on at least 6 occasions and was 12,000-37,000/lOOm 3 during October 15-17.

I The 1980 downbay spatial distribution of N. americana was generally.more even than in 1979, and the-upbay-lower river area of greatest density was more upriver than in 1979 (Fig.

I 4.2.2 Changes in Density I Monthly mean density estimates (n/10om 3 ) within rkrn 64-97 during 1974-1980 (Fig. 4-10) demonstrate the annual range of seasonal variability. Similar patterns of temporal I

~

abundance, with shifts between years in peak density occurren~e, are evident. Density was generally low (ca. 5-

.... ,)1

200/lOOm) during December Jhrough February. Density was

,I variable (ca. 25-4,200/lOOm ) in March and generally 3

decreased to ca. 1-250/lOOm durin~ April. This a~parent decrease may reflect increasing gea~ avoidance by the large overwintered adults (see Section 6.1.1) and mortality.

I During May density levels generally rose to ca. 250-2 ,900/lOOm 3 as a result of reproduction.

through NOVjmber density was ty~ically ca. 2,000-During June 34 ,000/lOOm , again reflecting reproduction by overwintering I and summer generations.

I 4.3 NATALITY AND RECRUITMENT 4.3.2 Factors Affecting Reproduction I

Reproduction is influenced by temperature and, possibly, I density-dependent factors. In Neornysis americana gonadal development and extrusion of eggs into the marsupium is initiated at temperature of approximately 4°C (Pezzack and 1* Corey, 1979). In Delaware Bay, production is low until about early May when water temperature reaches 13-15°C (Fig.

1- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-4 I 3-1). Production then increases to levels which are sustained until about November when water temperature drops I

to approximately l5°C. It is low through December, and terminates when river temperature reaches ca. 4°C.

Changes in reproduction of Metamysidopsis elongata possibly I

related to density-dependent mechanism are suggested by Clutter and Theilacker (1971) based on seasonal variation in the fraction of mature egg or larvae-carrying females.

I I

4.3.3 Recruitment Neomysis americana are recruited into the population at the I

larval stage. Fecundity varies with the size of the female and with temperature (see Section 3.1.7). Annually in Delaware Bay three generations are produced, and within each I generation each female contributes from 1-3 broods (Fig. 4-1). It is impossible to quantify the relative contribution of each generation or brood since there is considerable overlap of generations and cohorts during summer and fall, I

as evidenced (Figs. 4-2 and 4-3) by the high frequency of the 1-2 mm size class during each sampling period and by our inability to segregate discrete modal groups.

I Three generations per year were reported for Naragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Herman, 1963a) and Indian River Inlet, I Delaware (Hopkins, 1965). The third generation in Naragansett Bay occurred in late November and contributed little*to the population, the third in Indian River occurred in late summer and probably contributed greatly (Pezzack and I

Corey, 1979).

The degree of recruitment from stock outside Delaware Estuary is unknown.

I I

4.4 MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY 4.4.1 Mortality Rates I Estimates of mean number of eggs or larvae, without the influence of female length, were obtained through ANCOVA.

I The ratio difference between egg and larvae means for the overwintering and summer-fall generations yield finite brood mortality rates of 0.1753 and 0.1280, respectively. I The best estimate of the brood period for Neomysis americana is approximately 23 days at l0°C and 13 days at l6°C I I.A. Research/Consulting I I

I 4-5 I (Pezzack and Corey, 1979). Assuming the latter period since most reproduction occurs above approximately l5°C, the daily brood mortality rates for the overwintering and summer-fall I generations were 0.83 and 1~05 percent per day, respectively. Since water temperature in Delaware Bay during June through August ranges from ca. 23-29°C, the I expected brood development rates may be faster.

mortality rates calculated on the basis of a shorter brood period for the summer-fall generations may therefore be Daily slightly higher.

I Generation of credible mortality-rate estimates in the present study for post-brood stage N. americana was I precluded by the probability of gear avoidance. Clutter and Theilacker (1971) estimated "median to greatest mortality" at ca. 4-15 percent per day for field populations of Metamysidopsis elongata. Life stage specific mortality rate I

~ estimates of M. elongata ranged from l.3-1.7 percent per day

~==-~~~~~-f~o~r,---,:b~r~o~o~a~~p~o:-:-::'uch young; 2-15 for juveniles; 2-14 for I irrunatures and 2-13 for adults. There is no evidence that they considered gear avoidance in their work.

I 4.6 THE POPULATION IN THE COMMUNITY AND THE ECOSYSTEM I Neomysis americana, a dominant macroinvertebrate in the Delaware Estuary, functions in both the planktonic and epibenthic communities as an important link in energy transfer between trophic levels. It consumes and converts I biomass of small plankters and detritus and is in turn fed upon by fish and other invertebrates.

I In the Delaware River Estuary, N. americana may be the most important food item for weakfish, especially young (Thomas, 1971; deSylva et al., 1962; Shuster, 1959). Thomas (1971) reported it consumed by 63 percent of 558 weakfish collected I between rkm 64-97; i t was in 25 percent of 64 adult fish and, in one month, June, in 75 percent of 494 young.

Shuster (1959) found it the most frequent food item among I 205 weakfish (120-300 mm) and estimated that roughly two-thirds of the annual weakfish harvest, by weight, was due, directly or indirectly, to zooplankton, particularly I Neomysis.

Meadows (1976) found N. ameticana to be a dominant food of 222 white perch from the Delaware River Estuary, ca. rkm 64-I 80. During Februafy through M~y Neomysis, whose 7tanding crop was 1-66/lOOm , occurred in 33 percent of white perch 51-218 mm FL; dur~ng October through December, at density I* ca. 220-2600/lOOm , it was found in 61.8 percent of white perch 64-135 mm FL, and 32.2 percent of fish 136-210 mm FL.

1* I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-6 I

Neomysis americana is also found in the diet of the bay I anchovy (Stevenson, 1958; Meadows, 1976), an important local forage fish. In 303 specimens collected from the Delaware River Estuary rkrn 64-80 it comprised 1.8 percent of the total number of organisms consumed and occurred in 17.5 I

percent of the stomachs examined.

Quantitative estimates of energy transfer to higher trophic I

levels for the mysid Metamysidopsis elongata by Clutter and Theilacker (1971) may be applied to N. americana. Assuming that all rnysid mortality is yield to-predators (Odum and Smalley, 1959: Engelmann, 1961), mortality fractions can be I

used as an estimate of net ecological efficiency (energy yield/energy assimilated) after Clutter and Theilacker (1971). irpeir best estimate of net ecological efficiency of I

the mysid population in transfer of energy to a higher trophic level, e.g., fish, is about 32 percent.

I

\

I I

I

.I I.A. Research/Consulting

-1 I

f I I I MAY JUN' I JUL

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Figure 4 1 I.A. Research/Consulting

4-8 I I

MAR. 27-30 APR. 17-20 I

~ I I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY americana in the Delaware River Estuary by sampling date - 1979. *. *I Figure 4-2 I.A. Research/Consulting

-I I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I*<' SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-2 (continued) 1- I.A. Research/Consulting 1

4-10 I I

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-I I.A. Research/Consulting - I I

I 4-11 I I I I JUL. 24-27 10'1 AUG. 6-9 I -- .

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I.A. Research/Consulting

4-12 I I

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SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-2 (continued)

-I I.A. Research/Consulting *1 I

I 4-13

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-I - SALEH Jl6(b) STUDY Estuary by sampling date - 1980.

Figure 4-3

.I . I.A. Research/Consulting

1

4-14 I I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-3 (continued)

-1 I.A. Research/Consulting *1 I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I~ SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-3 (continued)

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-16 I I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-3 (continued)

-1 I.A. Research/Consulting -1 I

I 4-17 I I I I NOV. 3-7 I

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PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I* SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-3 (continued) 1- I.A. Research/Consulting 1

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 1979 20.0-18.0-

~

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2.0-0.0 I I I I I I I I I I I I J F M A M J J A s 0 N D Length-frequency by sampling date for Neomysis americana in the Delaware PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Alfi GAS COMPANY River Estuary - 1979. Horizontal line indicates mean; solid bar, + 95 percent c.r.; open rectangle,+ 1 s .o.; vertical line, range. -

SALEM J16(b) STUDY -

Figure 4-4 I.A. Research/Consulting

.- - - *- -*, - * -* - - * -

Jll!llJJ -

l 1 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - 1980 20.0-18.0-

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Figure 4 5 I.A. Research/Consuilting

4-20 I NEOMYS IS AMER I CANA - 1979 I

20000

~ rkm 113-117 I j .,./\ .~

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I 20000 rkm 32-48 I, 190001 20000 oT---...,---..,---..,---...,-_.::=;.1,~~----i:c,....--~.JC=r=-a:~----.----.

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I 20000 rkm 0-16 'I 10000 0,

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC I

Regional mean density (number/lOOm 3 ) for I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMP.A."IY Neomysis americana in the Delaware River SALEM 3l6(b) STUDY Estuary - 1979.

Figure 4-6 I

I.A. Research/Consulting -1 11

I 4-21 I I I I' 20000 ~

10000 l rkm 113-117 I o] A I A 4 ~~A Aj66J~i

.e.

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3 Regional mean density (number/lOOm ) for PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY Neomysis americana in the Delaware River I* SALEM 316(b) STUDY Estuary - 1980.

Figure 4-7 1* I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-22 II I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA MAY 22-24, 1979

1 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC liETEP.S a a.

'I 121 a >

> a.

3990.

TO TO 3990.

7980.

I; I > 7980. TO 11970.

I > 11970. TO 15960. I I

N I I;

i I.

DELAWARE I

I I

3 Mean density (number/lOOm ) of Neomysis

. :1 PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY . americana by sampling period in the Delaware River Estuary - 1979.

SALEM 316(b) STIJDY Figure 4-8 -I I.A. Research/Consulting - I I

4-23 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I

MAY 29 - JUN. 1, 1979 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 0.

0 > o. TO 4!75.

a > 4175. TO 6350.

I

> 8350.

> 12525.

TO TO 12525.

16700.

I I N 1* 'I

.I I

I DELAWARE I

I

1 PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY

1. SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued) 1* I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-24 I 11 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA

11 I JUN. 5-7, 1979 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm ~1!7 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS *1*

a o.

121 fl)

> 0.

> 1580.

TO TO 1580.

3160.

I' I

I

> 3160.

>QC.

TO TO QO.

6320.

1*/

I;"

N I

I I

1,1 DELAWARE I

1*

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPA.'n' SAI.EM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

-1 I.A. Research/Consulting -1 I

I 4-25 I I I I JUN. 12-14, 1979 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117 LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 0.

[ll > 20. TO 9500.

--*I !!! > 9500. TO 18980.

I > 18980. TO 28480.

39940.

I NEW JERSEY I N A

I I I

1 I DELAWARE I.

I I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I' - SALEK 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

I* I.A. Research/Consulting

.I

4-26 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA JUN. 18-22, 1979 II DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I LEGEND DENS I TY PER 100 CUBIC METERS o.

I D

0

~

> 20.

> 2455.

TO TO 2455.

4890.

I I

I

> 4890.

> 7325.

TO TO 7325.

9760.

1-I, N

I I;?

'I I.

II DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

.1 I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-27 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I JUN. 25-29, 1979 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D o.

I 0 9

> 0.

> 3750.

TO TO 3750.

7500.

I > 7500. TO 11250.

I > 11250. TO 88691.

I I N I *I I

I I DELAWARE

'I I

1:

PUBLIC SEllVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPA.'ff

1. SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued) 1*. I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-28 I

I NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I

JUL. 2-5, 1979 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS I a o.

0 > 0. TO 3095. I a > 3095. TO 6190.

I >

6190. TO TO 9285.

12380.

I I 9285.

I

'I N

I 'II I

I DELAWARE I I

I

1 Pu1i1c SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COKPA.'i'!

SALEM 316(b) STUDY .1 Figure.4-8 (continued)

I.A. Research/Consulting

-1 I

1 4-29 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA

t* JUL. 9-12. 1979 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117

1 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D o.

0 > 0.

I H > 10050.

TO TO 10050.

20100.

I :> 20100. TO 30150.

I I N I 'I I

I I DELAWARE I

I 1*

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND CAS' COMPANY I~

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

I* I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-30 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA JUL. 16-20, 1979 I

DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS a o.

I 121 > 0. TO 6900.

I a

I 6900.

13800.

TO TO 13800.

20700.

I > 20700. TO 27600.

1~

N I

i I I

I DELAWARE 1~'

I I

1 PUBLIC SER.VICE ELECTRIC ANI> GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued) .

I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-31 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I JUL. 24-27, 1979

.I DELAWARE Riv""ER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I. LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 0.

I 0

~

> 10.

> 4635.

TC TO 4635.

9260.

I > 9260. TO 13885.

I > 13885. TO 18510.

I NEW JERSEY I N I l I

I

,, DELAWARE I

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY

1. SALEK 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

I* I.A. Research/Consulting 1*

4-32 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA AUG. 6-9, 1979 I

DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS o.

.I a

0 > o. TO 6355. .,.,

s > 6355. TO 12710.

I > 12710.

> 19065.

TO TO 19065. *1 I 25420.

I N

I

! 1*

I

I I

DELAWARE II I

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY

~I Figure 4-8 (continued)

I.A. Research/Consulting *I

1

I 4-33 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I AUG. 20-24, 1979 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117 1* LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D o.

I 0 a

> o.

> 8200.

TO TO 8200.

16400.

I > 16400. TO 24600.

I '> 24800. TO 32600.

I I

I

,, DELAWARE

.I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY

.I~ SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-34 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA SEP. 10-13, 1979 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 .1 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS I 0 o.

0

~

> 0.

> 1945.

1'0 1'0 1945.

3890.

I I

I

> 3890.

> 5835.

TO TO 5835.

7780.

I I

N I

i I I

I I

DELAWARE I

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY ,.I Figure 4-8 (continued)

I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-35 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I. OCT. 15-17, 1979 I DELAWARE RPlER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D o.

0 > o. TO 12575.

I ~ > 12575. TO 25150.

I > 25150. TO 37725.

I NEW JERSEY I* N I

I I

DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND CAS COKPA.'r!

I~

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 (continued)

I- I.A. Re~earch/Consulting I ---------*** --

4-36 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA OCT. 29 - NOV. 2, 1979 I

DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 .1 LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 ClJBIC METERS a o.

~

a 0.

3655.

TO TO 3655.

7310.

I II I

> 7310.

> 10965.

TO TO 10965.

14620.

I I

)I N

'I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 3l6(b) STUDY Figure 4-8 {continued)

-1 I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-37 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I MAY 19-22, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS 0 o.

I 0 R >

> o.

8'705.

TO TO 8705.

!7410.

I > !7410. TO 26115.

I > 26115. TO 34820.

I I N

.I i I

,I I DELAWARE I

I I . 3 Mean density (number/lOOm ) of Neomysis*

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY americana by sampling period in the 1- SALEM 316(b) STUDY Delaware River Estuary - 1980.

Figure 4-9 1- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-38 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA

.1(

JUN. 2-6. 1980 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I LEGEND DENSITY PER.100 CUBIC METERS I 0 o.

121 R >

> o.

4820.

TO TO 4820.

9640.

I II I

> 9640.

> 14460.

TO TO 14460.

19280.

I I

N I

I I 1-

1 DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STU"DY Figure 4-9 (continued)

-1 I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

.:I 4-39 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA JUN. 9-12, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER F..5TUARY, rkm 0-117 LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS a o.

0 > o. TO 3530.

I 8 > 3530. TO 7060.

I > 7060. TO 10590.

_JL___-------!------Vh+H+~-~16590. Te 14:

"'I I

.N I

I I

DELAWARE I

I ATLANTIC OCEAN I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY

-1. SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-40 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA JUN. 16-20, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm (}-1f7 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS o.

!I a

0 e

> 0.

> 7035.

TO TO 7035.

14070.

I I > TO I

14070.

> 21106. TO 21105.

28140. I I

N I

l I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

.I I.A. Research/Consulting

I

- --~ **-**c~_.,...,.---- ,. - * .

I

'I 4-41 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I JUL. 7-11, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC liiETERS D o.

0 > o.

I a > 4215.

TO TO 4215.

8430.

I > 8430. TO 12645.

I I N A

I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I. SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-42 I

.I NEOMYSIS AMERICANA JUL. 14-18, 1980 I

DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC :METERS o.

I 0

0 Ii

> 0.

> 5300.

TO TO 5300.

10600.

I I

I

> 10600.

> 15900.

TO TO 15900.

2:1.200.

I I

N I

I I

D:ELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

.I I.A. Research/Consulting

~1 I

I 4-43 I NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I JUL. 21-24, 1980 DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117 I

LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC :METERS 0 o.

0 > o. TO 6030.

I §!) > 6030. TO 12060.

I :.> 12060. TO 18090.

I I N I I I

I DELAWARE I

I

,I I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COKPA.oqy

1. SALEM 316(b) STUDY*

Figure 4-9 (continued) 1- I.A. Research/Consulting 1_ _

,.,_ 4-44 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA AUG. 4-7, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC llliE'I'ERS

!] 0.

I

> o. TO 0

Iii > :3250.

3200.

TO* 6500.

I I > 6500. TO 9750.

I > 9750. TO 13000. I I

N I

l I I I

\

I DELAWARE I

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I

SALEM 316(b) STUDY -

Figure 4-9 (continued) -1 I.A. Research/Consulting

I I

I 4-45 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I I AUG. 18-23, 1980 DELAWARE Rlv"'ER ESTUARY. rkm 0-117 i I LEGEND I DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS a o.

0 > o. TO 690.

I e > 690. TO 1380.

I > 1380. TO 2070.

I I N I 'I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

., PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I. SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I- I.A. Research/Consulting

I -* - -* -- -*-*-**

4-46 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA SEP. 8-12, 1980 I

DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC :METERS I 0 o.

t!I > o. TO 275. I a > 275. TO 550.

Ill I

> 550.

> 825.'

TO TO 825.

1100.

I I

N I

.l I I

I I

DELAWARE -,

ATLANTIC OCEAN I

I I

~I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMP.A.'l'!

SALEM 3l6(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-47 I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I SEP. 22-29, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-U7 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D o.

1* la

~

> 0.

> 6460.

TO TO 6460.

12920.

I > 12920. TO 19380.

I :> 19380. TO I

I N I *I I

I I DELAWARE

1 I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY 1- SALEK 316(b) STUl>Y Figure 4-9 (continued) 1 I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-48 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA OCT. 6-10, 1980 I

DELAWARE Riv""ER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS I D 0.

0 > 0. TO 4000. I s > 4000. TO 8000.

DI I

> 8000.

> 12000.

TO TO 12000.

16000.

I I

N I

I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMP.A."iY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

I 4-49

1 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA I OCT. 20-27, 1980 I DELAWARE RIVER ESTUARY, rkm 0-117 LEGEND ,

I DENS I TY PER 100 CUB! C METERS 0 o.

0 :.> 0. TO 1875.

'I ~ > 1875. TO 3750.

I > 3750. TO 5625.

'----~~-e-~~~~~~*+'-+~~~~~~~-.--~.~T-a--9500~.~~~~~-11-~~~-

I I N I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I

,_ PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEK 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

4-50 I I

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA NOV. 3-7, 1980 I

DELAWARE Rlv""ER ESTUARY, rkm 0-1!7 I

LEGEND DENSITY PER 100 CUBIC METERS D 0.

I 0 >

Ii >

0.

2710.

TO TO 2710.

5420.

I I

I

> 5420.

> 8130.

TO TO 8130.

10840.

I I

N I

I I I

I DELAWARE I

I I

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND CAS COMPA.'lY SALEM 316{b) STUDY Figure 4-9 (continued)

.I I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

(fJ NEOMYSIS AMER IC NA el

~

11.0

~ 10.0 u

m p

u 9.0 6.0 8

..-i 7.0

~

~ 6.0 flt

~ 5.0 .p.

~ I m

)I U1 I-'

4.0 p

z 3.0 8

~ 2.0

~

< 1.0

~ 0.0-

~ 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 z 19'n YEAR

~outhly mean density (n/lOOm3 ) withi1 rkm 64-97 during 1974-1980.

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:\O GAS CO~IPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 4-10 I*.A. Research/Consulting

I 6-1 I SECTION 6.0 ENTRAINMENT AND IMPINGEMENT I 6.1 6.1.l ENTRAINMENT Density in Intake Water

1 Estimates of the number of entrained Neomysis americana per unit volume may be obtained through two different methods.

I First, the density of organisms in the intake water may be calculated directly from the on-site entrainment abundance samples. Second, the density of organisms in the intake I water may be assumed to be that in the river near Salem as calculatea from the river sampling program.

I On-si e entrainment abundance program estimates I From the annual data bases from 1977 through 1980, data for 2, 14, 9, and 36 entrainment abundance sampling periods, respectively, were processed for N. americana (Table 6-1; I Figs. 6-1 through 6-4). The 1980-data base, with ca. 4-day sampling intervals after June, offers the best

representation of the annual ~hanges in denjity. During .

I 1980 the lowest observed density, 16 9/lOOm , occurred April 3

16-17 while the highest, 79,800/lOOm , occurred June 18-19.

Since the number of samples taken within any given sampling period is small, generally 4, a 3-term moving average was I used to provide a more realistic measure of the true average density ove3 time. This analysis indicated a peak value of 62,087/lOOm in late June and that after July, mean densities fluctuated between ca. 6,000 to 20,000/lOOm 3 until I late Se~tember. Moving averages for the period January through June were not calculated because of the wide and irregular spacing of the samplin~ periods.

I Although the total number of sampling periods from 1977 through 1979 is relatively small, thereby limiting their I usefulness in defining temporal trends, the observed values were well within the rang3 of values observed in 1980. An observed iow of 13.1/lOOm occurred o~ February 27, 1978, I while an observed hiyh of 77,695/lOOm occurred on September 13-14, 1978.

No major difference between day and night entrainment I densities was noted. Although entrainment densities of N.

americana in day samples averaged 1.36 times higher than-night densities (Table 6-2) the difference was not significant (paired t-test; t = 1.559; df = 42; p > 0.05).

1-I I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-2 I Two important factors ~hould be considered in interpreting I these data. First, 1980 may not represent what might be termed a "typical" year. Judging from monthly chan':)es in density estimated from river data and the limited 1978 and 1979 entrainment data, a second peak in abundance typically I

occurs during se~tember/October. This is not apparent in the 1980 data and may be the result of the abnormally low flow and high salinities associated with the 1980 drought I

conditions (Figs. 6-5 ana 6-6). Water temperature appeared relatively unaffected (Fig. 6-7) under these conditions.

second, prior to June, 1980, on-site aoundance samples were collected from only the intake of the cws. Subsequent to I

that date, samples were taken from the discharge except when conditions made it impossible to sample this location and an intake sample was substituted. A comparison between intake I

vs discha~ge densities based on nine samples showed no significant difference (paired t-test; t = -1.488; p >

a.OS); however, it suggests that intake densities of N.

americana could be underestimated by ca. 1.25 times (Table 6-I

3) or 25 percent.

I River sampling proyram estimates I

Density estimates of N. americana in rkm 64-97 are presented in Figure 4-12. If year~to-year densities vary in a relatively constant manner, a typical annual pattern may be I

constructed by averaging matching time periods. To test the hypothesis of a recurrent monthly pattern of mean densities, autocorrelation analysis was used. (For this and subsequent I analyses the first 4 data points, i.e.~ January through A~ril 1974, were omitted. Tnese values appeared aberrantly low for some unknown reason.) Results from the autocorrelation analysis indicated a significant positive I

correlation between the log mean monthly density at la':ls of 12, 24, and 36 months, suggesting a degree of consistancy from year to year (Fig. 6-8). Therefore, monthly mean I

densities were averayed across years to obtain a typical density cycle ~Table 6-4). Lowest mean densities, 29.S and 97.5 per 100/m , are predicted in January and February, respjctively, while peak densities, 6,966.l and 5,464.9 per I

loom , are preaicted in June and September, respectively.

I Comparison between entrainment abundance and river sampling program estimates. I In order to evaluate the relative suitability of each data base for estimating the typical density of Neomysis I

I.A. Research/Consulting

I I

6-3 I americana in Salem intake water, the 1979 and 1980 data from Salem ana rkrn 64-97 were comparea. These data were further restricted to include only those periods in which samples I collected from ooth localities were se~arated by two days or less.

Analysis of this data base (Table 6-5) suggests that on I corresponding dates densities in Salem intake water are on the average 3.754 times greater than densities found in the Delaware River. A paired t-test indica~ed tnat the I ~robability of a difference. of this ma~nitude arising from chance along was less than one percent (t = 3.676; at = 25; p < 0.01). A comparison of the density values given in Taole 6-4 to those indicated in Figures 6-1 through 6-4 also I reveals this great disparity between the two estimators.

The explanation for the discrepancy appears to lie within the length-frey_uency distribution of the organisms collected I by the two methods. Of 26 comparable sample periods, the

_.._~~~~~~1he~r~19rr+t~hr--rfrequen-cy aistribution of 21 pairs were found to be significantly different (Table 6-6). (Only day entrainment I sam;)les wer~ examined to enhance the comparability to the river samples.) In 22 cases, the average size of individuals was greater in the entrainment samples.

Further, a plot of densities oy length (Fig. 6-9) reveals a I trequently greater component of 3 mm or ~reater sizea inaividuals in May through October samples. This woula seem to suggest a temperature related avoidance of the 0.5 m II plankton net used to estimate densities in the river.

Reduced activity at lower temperatures may explain the a~parent lack of avoidance during November through April.

I In modeling N. americana entrainment densities neither data base is entirely suitable. The on-site data, except for 1980, are too sparse. Since 1980 represents only a single I and perhaps somewhat unusual year, projections based solely on these data ar~ not recommended. 'l'he 1974 through 1980 Delaware River r.km 64-97 aata, while incorporating the aesirable year to year variability, appear severly biased by I gear avoidance during the warmer, peak abunaance months.

However, a suitable density estimator may be acnieved by combining the long-term seasonal aspect of the river data with the less avoidance-prone entrainment data. This was accomplished by first calculating seasonal, weightea ratios of entrainment/river density (Taole 6-5). The ratio for November throuyh April was calculated as 0.857 ana for May through October as 3.843. These ratios were then usea to adJust the monthly mean river densities (Table 6-4) ~o the monthly mean levels observea in entrainment samples. These I adJusted values appear to give a reasonable fit to the observed data (Fiy. 6-10).

I~

I- I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-4 I 6.1.2 Survival I The probability of Neomysis americana surviving the entrainment process was assessed from two ind~pendent I

sources: 1) laboratory studies of simulated entrainment, and 2) on-site studies using intake (i.e., control) and discharge samples collected with pump/larval talJle methodology. Although the two types of studies differ in I

what they measure (see below) and each nas sources of potential bias, a correspondence between estimates would reinforce conclusions derived individually.

I Simulated Entrainment Studies From 1976 throu~h 1979 three different sets of pressure-temperature regimes were simulated using the apparatus described in PSE&G (1980a). During 1976 and 1977 the pressure-time profile described in Table 6-7 was.run with I temperature increases (delta Tl ot 7.5 and ls.0°c, while tests performed duriny 1978 were run using the pressure/time profile d~scribed in Table 6-8 with temperature increases of 10.0 and 14.0°C. In 1979 the pressure-time profile was as I

in Table 6-8 with temperature increases of lo.a and l8.0°C.

It must be note~ that these experimental studies simulate only the time, temperature, and pressure components of I

entrainment; omitted are certain aspects, e.9., mechanical and chemical injuries, that would also be experienced by an entrained organism. Therefore, it might be expected that if these unaccounted-for components contribute a significant I

amount of mortality the simulatea entrainment studies will underestimate the true entrainment mortality. I All simulated entrainment tests were conductea with a 24 hr latent period. our experience has been that a 24 hr period for macroinvertebrates, such as Neomysis, is sufficient to quantify long term entrainment effects. This is I

substantiated by otner investigators including Hair, 1971 and Lockwood, 1967. Hair (1971) reported that the eftects of a ra~id temperature increase (25°F) on N. awatschensis I

were immediate. If animals survived the first few hours the test group experienced no delayea mortality witpin 7 days.

I Individual test conditions, nwnber of test organisms and number responding are presentea in Tables 6-9 through 6-13.

Three of the 26 1976-1977 test sets (i.e., control, 7.5°C delta T, and 1S.0°C del.ta T) and one of the 49 1978-1979 I

test sets (i.e., control, io.0°c, 14.0°C, and l8.0°C delta T) were deleted due to excessive (i.e., > 20 percent) control mortality. All control tests were then combined

_I I.A. Research/Consulting

-I I

6-5 into the following single estimates of overall control mortality for each test period: 6.066 percent (n = 577) for 1976-1977, 7.585 ~ercent (n = 646) for 1978 and 2.743 percent (n = 802) for 1979. For the 1978 and 1979 10°C tests, combined control mortality was*4.903 percent (n = 1448).

Those remaining treatment tests with eCfual test temperatures (i.e., acclimation temperature+ delta T) were combined into a single response estimate for that test temperature (Tables 6-14 through 6-18).

I The temperature at which 50 percent of the test organisms are killed (LT~ ) and the associated 95 percent confidence interval was 3~.37 0 (+ 0.73), 32.35 (+ 2.86), 31.48 (+ 2.16),

and 32.94°C (+ 0.65)-for delta T tests of 10.u, 14.0~ ls.a, I and 18.0°C, respectively (Table 6-19, Figs. 6-ll through 6-14). A 7;5°C delta T failed to produce enough individual tests with significant mortality to calculate a response curve *. The lower LT~iO found in the 1S.0°C delta T tests may I

----------Jb::7<ee--aa;-t:t~tr-ib-ttt-ab+/-e to tne mote severe pressures and longer total test duration. Generally, test temperatures below a~proximately 27°C had little or no effect while test I temperatures above approximately 37°C proauced complete, or nearly complete, mortality.

I In three tests, delta T 10.0, 14,0, and 1S.0°C, the test for heterogeneity was significant. The residuals a~peare~

randomly distributed about the re~ressions, suggesting non-independent responses. The inclusion of tests conducted I throughout the year with differin':l salinities and with differently sizea organisms may be partially responsible for this heterogeneity.

I on-site studies I

on-site survival studies on Neomysis americana were I conducted in 1977, 1978, ana 1980. However, because of the small sample size ana limited sampling in 1977 due to plant outages those data are not includea in tnis report. During I 1978, 20 paired (40 total) intake and dischar~e samples were collected during three sam,1:>lin"3 periods (Table 6-20). No survival sampling was conducted in 1979 because Salem unit I was shut down for refueling and maintenance through.the I entire study period. From April 19 throu9h September 10, 1980, 102 paired (204 total) intake and discharge samples were collected during 10 sampling perio6s (Table 6-21).

I Although the on-site studies do include the mechanical and chemical *components of entrainment mortality, as opposed to the experimental studies, they may be biased in an unknown

,I. direction if sam~liny induced mortality is great (Alevras et I.A. Research/Consulting

6-6 I al., 1980). An indicator of the degree of san1pling induced mortality lies in the proportional control mortality (Fig. 6-I 15). Although control mortalities were frequently great (typically at low or very high amibent temperatures), we considered only the 68 tests with control mortalities less I

than 20 percent to be acceptable. Based on these remaining tests the overall average control mortality was 6.7 percent

( Taole 6-22)

I ot the 68 usable tests, one was held for a period of 10 hours1.157407e-4 days 0.00278 hours 1.653439e-5 weeks 3.805e-6 months , 23 for 12 hours1.388889e-4 days 0.00333 hours 1.984127e-5 weeks 4.566e-6 months , 32 for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months , 10 for 48 hours5.555556e-4 days 0.0133 hours 7.936508e-5 weeks 1.8264e-5 months , and two for 96 hours0.00111 days 0.0267 hours 1.587302e-4 weeks 3.6528e-5 months . The on-s.ite studies tena to give more I

variable results, e.g., greater heterogenity measure, than the experimental studies because of the inability to control experimental conditions. This is especially evident with I

delta T: *12-hour latent survival tests were conducted with delta T ranging from 3.8 to 9.2°C (mean 7.1), 24 hour2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months tests with delta T ranging from 7.9 to l0.7°C (mean 8.7), 48 hour5.555556e-4 days 0.0133 hours 7.936508e-5 weeks 1.8264e-5 months tests ranging from s.o to 6.9°C (mean 6.0), ana 96 hour0.00111 days 0.0267 hours 1.587302e-4 weeks 3.6528e-5 months I

tests from 7.8 to a.2°c (mean 8.0).

Tests with a discharge temperature below 29°C were not I

analyzea by probit regression since tests below this temperature did not appear to fit the typical threshold response curve. After eliminating all tests with > 20 percent control mortality and adJusting for the mean control I

mortality ot 7.28 percent, the average mortality tor tests below 29°C discharge was 11.51 perc~nt (+ 0.02 95% C.I.)

(Taole 6-23). This percentage may oe inter}:Jreted as a I

minimal mortality resulting from plant ~assage with negligible thermal effects.

I For tests conducted at test temperatures yreater than 29°C, only the 24-hour 9roups haa enough data points for calculation of a response curve (Tables 6-24 ~hrough 6-~7).

The estimated LT for tnis test was 33.96°C (+ l.76 95 I

~ercent C.I.) (F~a. 6-16). By combining the results of all tests with a latent holding period of 24 hours2.777778e-4 days 0.00667 hours 3.968254e-5 weeks 9.132e-6 months or yreater the results are little changed, LT 33.62°C (+ l.18 95 I percent C.I.) (Fig. 6-17). These ~~obit regressions and LTc;g's are in close agreement with those .1:-1redicted by the sim lated entrainment studies (Table 6-19). I As in the simulated entrainment studies si1::1nif icant heterogeneity was a~parent. The residuals a~pearea randomly distributed about the regressions, suggesting non-I independent respon*es.

6. 2 IMPINGEMENT I

Because of their small size Neomysis americana are not impinged on the vertical traveling screens.

I.A. Research/Consulting

\

Table 6-1 Mean density (number/100 cubic meters), by date, of Neomysis americana in entrainment abundance samples.

Julian No. of Te01perature (C) SeHnity (ppt) Pumps otal VoluD:e Mean DenGJty + 95% ConHdelice 3 3 Date Day* Sa111plea 1Un. Hax. Mtn. lfnx. Min. Max. Utered (ID ) (number/lOIJJi. ) lnte.rval 1977 Aug. 31-Sep. 1 241.5 11 25.7 27.0 9.0 8.0 5 5 829.9 i:.13 .*. 2 H.2.t.0.5 Dec. 7-8 )fil, 5 12 2.2 3.1 o.o 0.1 5 6 869.0 21.1 13.7 1978 Feb. 27 58.0 4 1.1 2.0 s.o 9.0 5 6 J.96.2 lJ.l 2:.!. 3 Har. 2*1 61.5 12 0.6 2.1 3.0 /6.0 6 6 600.0 18.1 10.4 Mar. H* 1:;.o 8 2.5 3.6 1.0 4.0 2 3 400.!) 59.0 4!). :1 Apl** 19-20 109.5 9 10.Z 11.0 5.5 8.0 l l 315.0 6620.3 4757.4 Jun. 28-29 179.'j 9 2J..O u*. 8 4.0 6.0 6 6 450.() /1)075. 5 27661. 7 Jul. 12-ll 191.5 12 :l4.0 2'.1.0 ~-v 10.0 5 6 625.2 lil5b7.8 llb&~.9 Jul. 27-28 208.5 12 26.3 27.4 6.0 8.0 5 5 600.0 1657.8 1041..2 Au11. 10-11 2U.5 12 26.7 28.7 6.0 6.0 5 6 600.0 6057.3 6122.0 Aug. ll-Sep. 1 243.5 12 7.6.5 27.0 6.0 8.0 5 6 725.0 10952. 2 i3/IJ.l Sep. 13-14 256.5 10 21.2 23.9 6.0 9. (I 4 6 500.0 77t>95.0 361(* 1. 2 Oct. 11 294.0 6 17.3 18.0 6.0 8.0 3 4 1150. () 2402.:l 139'1.8 Hov. 1 . 305.0 8 lJ.5 14.5 6.0 s.o 2 2 4l\5.0 1705.7 1535.il Nov. 21-22 n.o 1C:495 .o 41 ;o .1 llec. l l 325.5 347.0 12 6

8.5 5.0 12.5 t>.o 10.0 5.0 6.0 5

)

5 5

307.0

)00.0 S475.7 7781.6 °'I

-.J 1979 Har. 27-28 86.5 8 1.0 8.7 1.0 2.0 6 6 475.0 34.5 22.9 Jun. 6-7 157.5 8 20.0 21.0 4.0 6.0 1 1 365.7 40116. 3 3110. 7 Jul. 5-6 186.') 12 21.0 23.0 5.0 11.0 1 l lou. o 53'.iJO.l 3G49'.i.3 Jul. 12-ll 193.5 12 24.0 26.0 7.0 e.o 1 1 620.0 1%94. i 207.:.9.9 Jul. 1?-20 200.5 12 25.1 21.0 5.0 8.0 1 1 625.0 19400.3 12~9').~

Jul. 25-26 206.5 12 23.3 21.1 5.0 8.0 1 1 570.0 44228.7 3313!.12.l Aug. 22-23 234.5 12 23.5 24.5 1.0 w.o 1 1 600.0 58!3'}.0 46':>7J1 Oct. 17-18 Z:I0.5 i2 15.5 16.8 4.0 8.0 3 3 650.0 661309 .4 37621.6 Oct. 31-Nov. 1 304.5 L2 14.2 15.!I 4. (j 6 .l) 2 2 900. l 3'.i21.1 9!!,.2 1980 Jan. 23-24 23.5 11 2.5 J.O 2.0 6.0 3 6 62~.o 127. 7 75.:!

Mar. 19-20 79.5 12 6.0 7.0 !>.O 9.5 6 6 6"/5.0 2956.3 9f,J. 5 Ap~. 16-17 107.5 12 11.0 13.8 o.o o.o 5 6 800.0 16.9 J.3. Ii Apa:. JO-May 1 . 121.5 12 14.1 14.4 L,,0 t..o 'j 6 t34.5 6J.!l. J 421.2 May 21-22

.lun. 2 -j 142.5 154.5 l:l.

8 lC.l 2).0 20.0

u.o 2.0 2.5 4.0 6 .(I 6

5 6

6 750.0 399.8 331!,.'.>.2 12%::1.Z loi '7.'*

1lj9~'.(*

Jun. 6-7 158.5 8 21.0 21.9 h,O 7.0 6 6 400.0 5659'i.O 48921) .4 Jun. 10-11 167-.5 6 20.2 21.0 5.5 7.0 4 4 300.0 40(11!0. 7 34232.6 J*Jr.. 14-15 166.') /1 20.9 :n.5 5.5 a.o 6 6 200.0 1~8%.l) :!:j0Ji3.5 Jun. 18-19 170.5 3 22.0 29.0 7.0 6.0 5 5 . l!)!).0 76476.J 278-SS.5 Jun. 22-23 174.5 4 21.5 29.0 7.0 6.0 6 6 200.0 79600.0 54734.7 Jun. 26-27 178.5 4 23.5 24.Q 6.0 c.o 5 6 225.0 25'.ldi.J 65056.2 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-1 Continued Julian No. of Temperature (C) Salinity (ppt) Pumps Total Volume Mean Density .+/-. 95X Confidence Day* . Hin. 3 3 Date Samples Hin. Hax. Max. Min. Max. Filtered (m ) (number/lOOm ) Interval 1980 Jun. 30-Jul. 1 182.5 4 24.5 25.5 7.5 10.5 6 7 200.0 1510)..0 14889.2 Jul. 4-5 1116.5 4 25.5 26.7 6.0 9.0 6 6 200.0 19997.5 32041.5 Jul. 8-9 190.5 4 24.5 25.2 5.0 9.0 6 7 200.0 6243.0 8697.0 Jul. 12-13 194.5 4 26.0 27.0 6.0 8.0 7 7 200.0 14750.5 30401.8 Jul. 16-17 198.5 4 26.5 27.5 6.5 8.5 7 8 200.0 6312.5 676).4 Jul. 20-2.1 202.5 4 28.0 28.0 1.0 e.o 8 8 20Q. 7 22621.4 35113.6 Jul. 24-2~ 206.5 4 28.0 29.5 1.0 10.0 8 8 200.0 14488.0 16067.0 Jul. 28-29 210.5 4 27.0 28.5 1.5 10.0 7 7 200.0 4949.5 3880.8 A*1g. 1-2 214.5 4 28.0 28.5 6.0 lLO 1 7 200.3 9577 .l 16611. 5 Aug. 5-6 218.5 4 29.0 30.0 6.0 9.0 6 6 200.0 422).5 56 71. Ii Aug. 9-10 222.5 4 29.0 30.0 6.0 9.0 7 7 200.0 4114'3.0 8034.2 Aui;. 13 21.6.0 3 28.0 28.0 7.0 9.0 6 6 150.0 4\IJl!.O 13945 * '*

AUR* 17-18 2J0.5 4 27.5 27.5 . 8.o. 11.0 8 8 200.0 373&0.U 412:.!2.9 Aug. 21-22 234.5 4 25.5 26.5 u.o 15.0 7 8 200.1 17457.7 J'/619 .4 Aue. 25 2J8.0 3 26.0 26.5 10.0 12.0 8 8 175.0 1066.0 2137. 3 Aug. 29-30 242.5 4 26.5 26.5 10.0 14.0 6 7 200.0 7'-:iS.O 8990.7 Sep.

Sep.

2-1 6

246.5 7.'.iO.O 4

3 25.0 27.0 21.u 29.0 10.0 10.0 12.0 11 .o 7

8 7

8 200.0 150.0 956').0 8262.7 9193.0 °'

I l2695.9 OJ Ser. 10-11 254.5 4 23.5 25.8 10.0 12.0 8 9 200.0 61198.5 8474.7 Sep. llt-15 258.5 4 24.5 25.5 9.5 12.0 9 10 200.0 23382.0 30534.5 Sep. ts 262.0 2 24.0 24.!i 10.0 u.o 7 7 100.0 8012.0 94888.4 Sep. 22 266.0 3 24.0 25.0 12.0 12.5 4 10 150.0 6362.7 7366.8 Sep. 26-27 270.5 2 22.0 22.5 11.5 13.5 3 3 100.0 1060.0 864.0 Oct. l 275.0 2 21.0 21.0 11.0 12.5 4. 4 100.0 938.0 5997.2

Julian aidpoint of date range.

I.A. Research/Consulting

' \

.1

6-9 I Table G-2 Comparison of Neomysis.americana mean densities found in circulating water system (cws) during day to those found I in CWS during night.

Entrainment (Number per lOOrn 3 )

I Day Night Ratio 1979 I Mar.

Jun .

27-28 6-7 38.4 28.0 1. 371 1230.5 6805.5 0.181

.1 Jul.

Jul.

Jul-.

5-6 12-13 19 65383.4 23166.1 14011. 3 32718.9 10215.4 29372.0

l. 998 2.268 0.477 Jul. 25-26 57112.6 22621.6 2.525 I Aug~ 22-23 Oct. 17-18 3771. 5 53926.7 10124.0 83595.0 0.373 0.645 Oct. 31-Nov. 1 3402.5 3756.6 0.906 I 1980 Jan. 23-24 183.5 61. 5 2.984 I Mar. 19-20 Apr. 16-17 2644.6 23.8 3389.2 7.7 0.780 3.093 Apr. 30-May l 598.6 597.0 1.003

,*.I May 21-22 Jun. 2-3 37609.3 3329.8 16445. 8.

22607.0 2.287 0.147

. Jun. 6-7 78869.0 34329.0 2.297 Jun. 10-11 43046.0 I Jun. 14-15 Jun. 18-19 3804.0 108264.0 34150.0 12092.0 12900.0

l. 260 0.315 8.393 Jun. 22-23 32545.0 47255.0 0.689 I Jun. 26-27 Jun. 30-Jul. 1 Jul. 4-5 53396.0 4174.0 10539.5 3054.4 10927.0 17.482 0.382 9458.0 1.114 Jul. 8-9 I Jul. 12-13 Jul. 16-17 1264.0 6197.p 2941. 0 4979.0 23304.0 9684.0 0.254 0.266 0.304 Jul. 20-21 23652.4 21740.0 1.088 I Jul. 24-25 Jul. 28-29 Aug. 1-2 22540.0 5854.0 6436.0 4045.0 3.502 l . 447 13363.9 5756.0 2.322 I Aug. 5-6 Aug. 9-10 Aug. 13 7212.0 2379.0 5825.0 1235.0 6507.0 3164.0 5.840 0.366 1.841 Aug . 17-18 50980.0 23780.0

.I Aug. 21-22 Aug. 25 15163.0 1122.4 19756.2 642.0 2.144 0.768 1.748 Aug. 29-30 5416.0 9094.0 0.596 I, Sep. 2-3

sep. 6 14472.0 10800.0 4658.0 3188.0 3.107 3.388

I- I.A. Research/ConsuJting I

6-10 I Table 6~2 Continued I

I Entrainment (Number per lOOm 3 )

1980 Day Night Ratio I

Sep. 10-11 3349.0 9648.0 0.347 Sep.

Sep.

14-15 22 26-27 20158.0 4688.0 1128.0 26606. 0 9712.b 0.758 0.483 I 992.0 1.137 sum 819574.8 601436~8 I Weighted ratio 1. 363 I

I I

I

_I I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

- - - - - - - - ---- - - - - ------- ! I Table 6-3 Comparison of Neomysis americana densities in intake nd discharge CWS, 1980.

Time Intake 3 Dis harge Ratio Date (I/D) (No./lOOm ) 3 (No. /lOOm ) (D/I)

Day June 2 1130/1134 5224.0 4 0.947 June 2 1607/1611 798.0 2 2.952 June 6 1141/1145 159020.0 132 80.0 0.834 June 6 1610/ 1614 8952.0- 14 24.0 1.656 June 10 1545/1551 6112.0 57 20.0 9.346 Total 180106.0 211 27.8 CJ'I I

Weighted Ratio (l;D/2:1) 1.177 Night June 2 2235/2239 10912.0 12 1.160 June 3 0400/0404 29660.0 37 1.254 June 6 2215/2219 48660.0 58 1.197 June 7 0425/0429 5696.0 24 4.340 Total 949i0.o 132 Weighted Ratio ( ZD/2;1) 1.399 Grand Total 275034.0 Weighted Ratio < 2:D/ 2:1) 1.253 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-4 Monthly mean Neomxsis americana density (number per 100 cubic meters) in rkm 64-97 from 1974 through 1980.

Standard Coefficient of N Mean Deviation Variation January 2 29.5 12.0 40.7 February 2 97.5 122.3 125.4 March 6 1440.0 1620.6 112.5 April 6 272.2 288.0 105. 8 May 7 1173.7 1269.7 108. 2 June 7 6966.l 11960.6 171. 7 O'I I

I-'

July 7 5172.3 1365.9 26.4 "'

August 7 3875.6 1650.9 42.6 September 7 5464.9 4773.3 87.3 october 7 5036.4 6243.2 124.0 November 7 3198. 7 2470.3 77.2 December 4 917.0 1672.1 182.3 I.A. Research/Consulting

I 6-13 I Table 6-5 Comparison of Neomysis americana mean densities found in circulating water system (cws) to those found in I Delaware River (rkm 64-97).

I Date Entrainment (Number Eer lOOm )

3 River rkm 64-9j)

(Number :12er lOOm ) Ratio 1979 I Mar. 27-30* 34.5 133.9 0.258 Jun. 6-7 4046.3 3326.5 1.216 I Jul.

Jul.

11-13 18-20 25-27 19694.7 19400.3 44228.7 2426.4 7309.8 8169.3 8.117 2.654 5.414 Aug. 22-24 5889.0 2800.4 2.103 I Oct.

Oct.

15-18 29-Nov. l 66809.4 3521'. l 16370.8 7165.7 4.081 0.491 I 1980 Mar. 17-20* 2956.3 3446.8 o-. 858 Apr. 15-17* 16. 9 78.0 I Apr. 29-May 2*

May 19-22 618.1 33145.2 572.0 3357.9 0.217 1.081 9.871 Jun. 2-3 56599.0 4737.6 11. 94 7 I . Jun. 5-7 Jun. 9-12 40080.7 15896.0 11028.8 574.3 3.634 27.679 Jun. 17-18 79800.0 8892.0 8.974 I . Jul. 7-9 Jul. 11-14 Jul. 15-17 6243.0 14750.5 6312.5 9865.1 2329.3 9790.8 0.633 6.333 0.645 Jul. 20-22 22621. 4 3375.8 6.701 I Jul. 24-25 Aug. 4-7 14488.0 4223,5 30142.6 1714.9 0.481 2.463 Aug. 17-19 37380.0 572.l 65.338 I Aug. 20-22 Sep. 8-12 Sep. 22-24 17457.7 6498.5 6362.7 9.1 209.7 2552.6 1918.429 30.990 2.493 I Sum 529074.0 140952.2 Weighted ratio 3.754

Nov.-April 3625.8 4230.7 Weighted ratio 0.857 May-Oct. 525448.2 136721. 5 Weighted ratio 3.843 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-6 summary statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S ). test between number-by-length for Neomysis americana collected in entrainment abundance samples and Delaware River (rkm 64-97).

Standard Probability N Mu an Deviation Skewness I<urtosis D z (approximate) 1979 Har. 27-30 Ent 74 0.946 l.965 -0.279 -0.408 rkm 64-97 473 8.290 2.134 0.374 0.431 K-S test 0.1798 1.438 0.032 Jun. 6-7 Ent. 200 4.835 2.166 1.456 3.189 rkm 64-97 333 4.109 2.408 1.116 0.245 K-S test 0.2405 2.689 o.ooo Jul. 11-13 Ent. 366 5.505 2.046 0.210 -0.262 O'I rkm 64-97 251 4.255 2.053 0.522 -0.649 I K-S t.est -0.2858 3.487 o.ooo I-'

ti:>-

Jul. 10-20 Ent. 405 4.402 1.610 0.193 -0.728 rlun 64-97 516 3.620 1.979 1.020 0.341 K-S t.eet. 0.2835 4.270 o.ooo Jul. 25-27 Ent. 401 5.082 l . 251 0.067 -0.242 ri<m 64-97 353 4.040 2.015 0.742 -o. 713 JC.-S test -0.4612 6.319 o.ooo Aug. 22-24 Ent. 405 5.220 l. 792 -0.375 -0.708 rkm 64-97 361 4.097 l.983 0.486 -0.915 K-S test. -0.2872 3.968 0.000 Oct. 15-18 Ent. 402 3.799 l.608 1.181 l..146 rkm 64-97 455 3.927 l. 923 0.960 -0.051 K-S test -0~0748 . 1.093 0.183 Oct. 29-Nov. 1 Ent. 427 4.438 l. 657 0.555 -0.359.

rlan 64-97 560 4.057 2.025 1.659 2.742 K-S test 0.1861 2.897 o.ooo I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-6 Continued Standard Probability N Mean Deviation Skewness K~rtosi& D z (approximate) 1980 Mar. 17-20 Ent. 354 B.280 l. 591 0.481 0.480 rkm 64-97 1046 7. 777 l. 779 0.456 -0.058 K-S test 2.737 o.ooo Apr. 15-17 Ent. 99 9.283 l..890 0.479 -0.569 rkm 64-97 475 9,499 2.241 -0.143 0.226 K-l:l test 0.920 0.366 Apr. 29-May 2 Ent.. 405 4.657 3. 712 1.263 -0.002 r!un 64-97 956 4.298 3.943 1.503 0.528 K-s test 0.17 94 3.025 o.ooo Hay 19-22 Ent. 401 5,015 2.585 1.429 2.278 °'......I rkm 64-97 447 4.969 2.297 1. 245 1.942 U1 K-S test -0.02 85 0.414 0.995 Jun. 2-3 Ent 200 5,580 l.833 -0.188 -0.678 rkm 64-97 318 3.940 2.014 1.022 0.184 K-S test 5 4.438 o.ooo Jun. 5-7 Ent. 200 J.030 l.616 l.841 3. 219 rkm 64-97 200 2.755 l.509 2.756 8.209 K-S test 0 l. 250 0.000 Jun. 9-12 Ent. 201 4.846 2. 392 0.578 -0.615 rkm 64-97 340 2.876 l. 333 2.165 5.261 K-S test 0.46 *3 5.230 o.ooo Jun. 17-18 Ent. 100 2,980 l.400 2.404 7.422 rkm 64-97 552 3.399 l. 755 1.125 0.358 K-S test -0.15 3 1.410 0.037 Jul. 7-9 Ent. 100 4.480 l. 691. 0.413 -0.515 rkm 64-97 266 3. 560 i 1.849 0.973 0.196 K-5 test 0.29 7 2.538 o.ooo I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-6 Continued Standard Probability N Mean Deviation Skewness Kurtosis D z (approximate) 1980 Jul. 11-14 Ent. 100 4.630 1. 593 0.385 -0.548 rkm 64-97 302 3.735 1.661 0.637 -0.527 K-5 test 0.2744 2.379 o.ooo Jul. 15-17 Ent. 100 5.280 1.408 -0.092 -0.318 rkm 64-97 303 4.132 l.525 0.418 -0.565 K-S test 0.3091 2.681 o.ooo Jul. 20-;).2 Ent, 100 4.510 l.480 -0.191 -0.715 rkm C.4-97 403 3.184 1. 579 l. 249 0.492 K-S test 0.4697 4.204 0.000 Jul. 24-25 er.

I Ent. lCO 3.920 l.686 0.528 -o. 731 1--'

2.961 1.734 1.141 0.389 rkm 64-97 K-S test.

102.

0.2888 2.052 o.ooo °'

Aug. 4-7 Ent. 100 3.700 1.411 0.485 -0.412 rkm 64-97 488 3.279 1.485 l.108 0.455 K***S test 0.1778 1.620 O.Oll Aug. 17-19 Ent. 100 2.410 0.698 1.968 4.120 rkm 64-97 124 2.939 1.450 1.944 2. 782 K-S test -0.1011 0.797 0.549 Aug, 20-22 Ent. 100 3.180 1.604 l.423 1.111 rkm 64-97 38 2.158 0,594 4.039 16.482 K-S test -0.4311 2.262 o.ooo Sep. 8-12 Ent. 100 4.920 l. 705 - 0.112 -0.784 rkm 64-97 149 4.195 2.199 0.716 -0.523 K-S test 0.2456 1.900 0.001 Sep. 22-24 Ent. 101 4.584 1.699 0.140 -1.215 rkm 64-97 391 2.972 1,382 1.428 1.095 r..-s test 0.4483 4.016 o.ooo

.. ... I.A. Research/Consulting

I 6-17 Table 6-7 Pressure/time profile Salem simulation, compiled March 25, 1974 186,000 GPM at 8.0 FPS, Transit time simulation= 4.75 min total test time 9.75 min.

I Time and Simulated Stage Duration of test segment (sec)

Pr~ssure in cm Hg reading A. 0:00 to 0:05 I Entry into water pump bell housing and 5 Rapid increase 76 to 136 circulation pump I B. 0:05 to 2:05 Passage to the condenser 120 Gradual decrease with a drop in elevation 136 to 123 I c. 2:05 to 2:35 Passage through the 30 Rapid decrease I condenser 123 to 69 D. 2:35 to 4:45 I Passage through the discharge pipe to the point of discharge 130 Gradual increase 69 to 180 I E. 4:45 to 9:45 Mixing of discharge 300 Gradual decrease and river water 180 to 76 I

I I

I I.A. Research/Consulting

6-18 I Table 6-8 Pressure/time profile Salem simulation compiled November 15, 1978 I

Unit 23B 2 pumps/condenser shell 186,000 GPM at 10.2 FPS, transit time simulation = 6.0 min total test time 6.5 min I

Test time and stage (Simulated)

Duration of test segment (sec)

Pressure in cm Hg reading I

A. 0:00 to 0:05 Entry into water pump 5 Rapid increase I

bell mouth 76 to 121 B. 0:05 to 0:35 Entry into the circulation 30 Rapid decrease I

pump 121 to 22

c. 0:35 to 0:40 Discharge from circulation 5 Rapid increase I

pump 22 to 141 D. 0:40 to 2:37 A distance traveled of 1300 117 Gradual decrease I

ft with a 6 ft head loss 141 to 128 E~ 2:37 to 2:56 A drop in elevation of 12 19 Gradual increase I

ft 4 in 128 to 157 F. 2:56 to 3:00 Vertical upward flow-toward 4 Rapid decrease I

the inlet bay 157 to 122 G. 3:00 to 3:10 Passage through the condenser 10 Rapid decrease I

122 to 35 H. 3:10 to 3:15 Passage toward the discharge 5 Rapid increase I

pipe I. 3:15 to 3:20 Entry into the discharge pipe 5 35 to 94 Rapid increase I

J. 3:20 to 6:00 94 to 107 I

Passage to the point of 160 Gradual increase discharge K. 6:00 to 6:04 107 to 147 I

Decrease to ambient simulating 4 Rapid decrease mixing discharge and river water 147 to 76 I

I.A. Research/Consulting

,:-~;-----

' 1~ .

--9JI~---

Table 6-9 Neomysis americana simulated-entrainment data witb temperature increase of 7.5 C and pressure/time profile as i Table 6-7.

Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Late t Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total ead Total Dead Total Dead 091276 3.0 4.0 24 27 0 27 0 47 0 47 3 091276 3.0 4.0 24 45 0 45 1 47 0 47 1 240377 8.0 20.0 24 57 0 57 0 53 1 52 0 240377 8.0 20.0 24 50 0 50 1 43 0 43 1 181176 9.4 5.8 24 30 0 .30 2 44 0 44 2 111176 12.0 4.5 24 46 0 46 15 53 0 53 23 221076 16.0 4.0 24 29 1 28 1 23 0 23 0 121076 17.5 5.0 24 24 0 24 1 20 0 20 6 121076 17 .5 s.o 24 26 0 26 1 20 0 20 3 280976 18.0 4.0 . 24 18 0 18 1 19 0 19 1 280976 18.5 4.0 24 27 0 27 5 17 0 17 5 °'I 181077 18.5 3.0 24 31 0 31 0 39 0 39 4 I-'

181077 18.5 3.0 24 39 0 39 2 28 0 28 3 '° 220977 22.5 8.0 24 19 0 19 1 14 0 14 3 160877 23.0 12.0 24 12 0 12 4 8 0 8 1 160877 23.0 12.0 24 8 1 7 0 9 0 9 1 210977 23.0 28.0 24 9 0 9 0 16 0 16 3 210977 23.0 28.0 24 19 0 19 3 16 0 16 2 230877 24.0 12.0 24 10 0 10 2 14 0 14 1 290977 24.0 10.0 24 16 0 16 1 17 1 16 2 140977 24.0 8.0 24 18 0 18 3 9 0 9 7 290977 24.0 10.5 24 35 0 35 2 37 0 37 3 230877 24.0 12.0 24 14 0 14 0 16 0 16 0 I

140977 24.0 8.0 24 14 0 14 2 22 2 20 2 080977 24.5 10.0 24 15 0 15 8 7 0 7 080977 3

24.5 10.0 24 12 0 12 9 11 0 11 7 *

a!_ 20% control mortality.

I.A. Research/Consulting .

/

Table 6-10 Neomysis americana simulated-entrainment data with temperature increase of 10.0 C and pressure/time profile as in Table 6-8.

Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 101079 14.0 4.0 24 22 0 22 1 23 1 22 0 101079 . 14.0 4.0 24 26 0 26 1 26 0 26 2 091079 16.0 6.0 24 24 0 24 1 45 0 45 3.

200979 18.0 5.0 24 35 0 35 2 23 1 22 0 200979 18.0 5.0 24 26 0 26 1 57 1 56 0 120778 19.0 8.0 24 57 0 57 3 36 8 28 0 120778 19.0 8.0 24 39 0 39 2 36 0 36 2 240979 19.0 7.0 24 18 0 18 0 43 l 42 2 240979 19.0 7.0 24 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 1 240778 19.5 14.0 24 16 0 16 0 16 m 0 16 11 I 240778 19.5 14.0 21. 18 0 18 1 24 0 24 1 N 0

250778 20.0 12.0 24 26 0 26 2 47 0 47 6 250778 20.0 12.0 24 27 0 27 1 26 0 26 3 210679 20.0 6.0 24 18 0 18 0 21 0 21 4 210679 20.0 6.0 24 21 0 21 0 24 2 22 0 280679 20.0 6.0 24 23 0 23 1 21 2 19 1 280679 20.0 6.0 24 18 0 18 0 32 2 30 0 280678 21.0 15.0 24 34 0 34 l 28 0 28 4 280678 21.0 15.0 24 18 0 18 3 19 0 19 1 180979 21.0 5.0 24 37 0 37 0 40 2 38 0 180979 21.0 5.0 24 17 0 17 0 37 0 37 1 240878 21.5 10.0 24 19 0 19 1 21 0 21 1 240878 21.5 10.0 24 15 0 15 1 14 2 12 0 100779 23.0 11.0 24 17 0 17 1 37 22 15 3 100779 23.0 11.0 24 21 0 21 1 30 17 u 3 210879 23.0 15.0 24 47 0 47 0 26 0 26 0 210879 23.0 15.0 24 77 0 77 0 40 4 36 1 I.A. Research/Consulting

- - - -l - - -*,- -- --

Table 6-10 Continued Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Lat nt Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 120979 23.0 6.0 24 23 0 23 1 30 5 25 2 130979 23.0 6.0 24 24 0 24 0 25 4 21 0 011079 23.0 5.0 24 17 0 17 0 25 0 25 1 011079 23.0 5.0 24 26 1 25 0 24 1 23 0 060978 24.0 12.0 24 75 1 74 4 47 4 43 0 060978 24.0 12.0 24 53 0 53 0 39 1 38 2 310779 24.0 6.0 24 16 0 16 l 19 14 5 1 310779 24.0 6.0 24 17 0 17 0 18 17 1 0 060879 24.0 15.0 24 24 0 24 0 37 9 28 0 060879 24.0 15.0 24 27 3 24 1 14 0 14 2 190978 25.0 18.0 24 49 0 49 8 59 18 41 18 190978 280879 25.0 25.0 18.0 24 59 0 59 9 36 16 20 10 °'I 8.0 24 45 0 45 1 40 36 4 0 N 280879 25.0 8.0 24 39 0 39 0 42 42 0 0 280879 25.0 12.0 24 21 0 21 0 22 20 2 1 280879 25.0 12.0 24 15 0 15 0 24 23 1 1 280878 25.5 10.0 24 27 0 27 1 33 6 27 3 280878 25.5 10.0 24 79 1 78 6 0 0 0 0 140879 25.5 15.0 24 21 0 21 3 21 18 3 1 140879 25.5 15.0 24 20 0 20 2 21 9 12 3 130978 27.0 16.0 24 32 3 29 11 49 48 1 0 130978 27.0 16.0 24 35 0 35 4 44 37 7 3

=~ 20% control mortality.

I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-11 Neomysis americana simulated-entrainment data with temperature increase of 14.0°C and pressure/time profile as in Table 6-8.

Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 120778 19.0 8.0 24 57 0 .57 3 47 43 4 0 120778 19.0 8.0 24 . 39 0 39 2 63 43 20 1 240778 19.5 14.0 24 16 0 *16 0 26 20 6 3 240778 19.5 14.0 24 18 0 18 1 22 18 4 2 250778 20.0 12.0 24 26 0 26 2 56 13 43 5 250778 20.0 12.0 24 27 0 27 1 35 9 26 4 280678 21.0 15.0 24 34 0 34 1 29 28 l 0 280678 21.0 15.0 24 18 0 18 3 25 18 7 0 240878 21.5 10.0 24 19 0 19 1 18 15 3 1 240878 21.5 10.0 24 15 0 15 1 15 10 5 1 CJ\

I 060978 24.0 12.0 24 75 1 74 4 83 76 7 1 N N

060978 24.0 12.0 24 53 0 53 0 73 71 2 2 190978 25.0 18.0 24 49 0 49 8 63 63 0 0 190978 25.0 18.0 24 59 0 59 9* 38 35 3 2 280878 25.5 10.0 24 27 0 27 1 41 41 0 0 280878 25.5 10.0 24 79 1 78 6 40 40 0 0 130978 27.0 16.0 24 32 3 29 11 66 66 0 0 130978 27.0 16.0 24 35 0 35 4 26 26 0 0

m ) 20% control mortality.

I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-12 Neomysis americana simulated-entrainment data wi h temperature increase of 15.0°C and pressure/time profile as in Table 6-7.

Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Lat nt Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead, Total Dead Total Dead 091276 3~0 4.0 24 27 0 27 0 36 2 34 0 091276 3.0 4.0 24 45 0 45 1 56 0 56 4 240377 8.0 20.0 24 57 0 57 0 38 7 31 1 240377 8.0 20.0 24 50 0 50 1 36 3 33 3 161176 9.4 5.6 24 30 0 30 2 46 4 42 1 111176 12.0 4.5 24 46 0 46 15 54 13 41 17 221076 16.0 4.0 24 29 1 28 1 27 6 21 3 121076 17 .5 5.0 24 24 0 24 1 33 24 9 1 121076 17 .5 5.0 24 26 0 26 1 23 12 11 2 280976 18.0 4.0 24 18 0 18 1 8 1 7 2 260976 18.5 4.0 24 27 0 27 5 27 12 15 0 CTI I

ltH077 18.5 3.0 24 31 0 31 0 41 22 19 3 N w

181077 18.5 3.0 24 39 0 39 2 28 21 7 2 220977 22.5 8.0 24 19 0 19 1 13 13 0 0 160877 23.0 12.0 24 12 0 12 4 15 13 2 1 160877 23.0 12.0 24 8 1 7 0 24 24 0 0 210977 23.0 28.0 24 9 0 9 0 15 15 0 0 210977 23.0 28.0 24 19 0 19 3 13 13 0 0 230877 24.0 12.0 24 10 0 10 2 13 13 0 0 290977 24.0 10.0 24 16 0 16 1 35 35 0 0 140977 24.0 8.0 24 18 0 18 3 22 22 0 0 290977 24.0 10.5 24 35 0 35 2 40 40 0 0 230877 24.0 12.0 24 14 0 14 0 16 16 0 0 140977 24.0 8.0 24 14 0 14 2 19 19 0 0 080977 24.5 10.0 24 15 0 15 8 18 18 0 060977 24.5 10.0 24 12 0 12 9 20 20 0 0

0

=~ 20% control mortality.

I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-13 Neomysis americana simulated-entrainment data with temperature increase of 18.0°C and pressure/time profile as in Table 6-8.

Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 101079 14.0 4.0 24 22 0 22 1 23 10 13 1 101079 14.0 4.0 24 26 0 26 1 23 6 17 1 091079 16.0 6.0 24 24 0 24 1 37 19 18 4 200979 18.0 5.0 24 35 0 35 2 19 19 0 0 200979 18.0 5.0 24 26 0 26 1 28 22 6 l 240979 19.0 7.0 24 is 0 18 0 31 31 0 0 240979 19.0 7.0 24 20 0 20 0 25 25 0 0 210679 20.0 6.0 24 18 0 18 0 31 30 1 0 210679 20.0 6.0 24 21 0 21 0 23 23 0 0 280679 20.0 6.0 24 23 0 23 1 28 28 0 0 280679 180979 20.0 21.0 6.0 5.0 24 24 18 37 0

0 18 37 0

0 15 24 15 24 0

0 0 °'I IV 0 it>-

180979 21.0 5.0 24 17 0 17 0 42 42 0 0 100779 23.0 11.0 24 17 0 17 1 21 21 0 0 100779 23.0 11.0 24 21 0 21 1 19 19 0 0 210879 23.0 15.0 24 47 0 47 0 42 42 0 0 210879 23.0 15.0 24 77 0 77 0 50 50 0 0 120979 23.0 6.0 24 23 0 23 1 21 21 0 0 130979 23.0 6.0 24 . 24 0 24 0 30 30 0 0 011079 23.0 5.0 24 17 0 17 0 25 25 0 0 011079 23.0 5.0 24 26 1 25 0 29 29 0 0 310779 24.0 6.0 24 16 0 16 1 20 20 0 0 310779 24.0 6.0 21. 17 0 17 0 25 25 0 0 060879 24.0 15.0 24 24 0 24 0 18 18 0 0 060879 24.0 15.0 24 27 3 24 1 21 21 0 0 280879 25.0 8.0 24 45 0 45 1 63 63 0 0 280879 25.0 8.o 24 39 0 39 0 43 43 0 0 280879 25.0 12.0 24 21 0 21 0 27 27 0 0 I.A. Research/Consulting

- ...... mi - - ... - - ill .. -'--' - -/- - -

- - :-*-- - - *. - - .. .* -* - ....... -~ ,

Table 6-13 Coqtinued Acclim. Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Salinity Duration Initial* Laten Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (ppt) (hrs.) Total Dead Total ead Total Dead Total Dead 280tH9 25.0 12.0 24 15 0 15 0 24 24 O* 0 140879 25.5 15.0 24 21 0 21 3 23 2J 0 0 140879 25.5 15.0 24 20 0 20 2 16 16 0 0

"'I N

l11 I.A. Research/Consulting

_j

1-6-26 I Table 6-14 Neornysis arnericana simulated entrainment mortality I

at delta T 7.5°c. Control mortality= 6.066 percent, 24 hr latent period. 'I.

Test Temperature

( c)

Number Tested Number Responding Raw Proportion Corrected Proportion I

10.5 94 4 0.0426 0.0000 I:

15.5 96 2 0.0208 0.0000 16.9 44 2 0.0455 0.0000 I 23.5 25.0 23

40 0

9 0.0000 0.2250 0.0000 0.1750 I'

25.5 26.0 19 84 12 l 0.0526 0.0000 I

0.1429 0.0875 30.0 14 3 0.2143 0.1635 30.5 49 7 0.1429 0.0875 31.5 115 18 0.1565 0.1021 I

I I.A. Research/Consulting *I I

l

.I 6-27 I Table 6-15 Neomxsis americana simulated entrainment mortality I at delta T 10.0 6 C. Control mortality = 4.903 percent, 24 hr laten*t period.

I Test

., Temperature Number Number Raw Corrected (C) Tested Responding Proportion Proportion 24.0 49 3 0.0612 0.0128 26.0 45 3 0.0667 0.0185 28.0 80 2 0.0250 0.0000 29.0 135 14 0.1037 0.0575 29.5 40 12 0.3000 0.2639 I 30.0 171 20 0.1170 0.0714 31.0 124 8 0.0645 0.0163 I 31.5 35 3 0.0857 0.0386 I 33.0 34.0 237 174 63 so 0.2658 0.2874 0.2280 0.2506 I 35.0 35.5 223 75 185 40 0.8296 0.5333 0.8208 0.5093 I 3 7. 0 44 40 0.9091 0.9044 I

I I

I I.A. Research/Consulting

6-28 I Table 6-16 Neomysis americana simulated entrainment mortality I

at delta T 14.0 6 C. Control mortality = 7.585 percent, 24 hr latent period. ~a Test Temperature

( C)

Number Tested Number Responding Raw Proportion Corrected I Proportion 33.0 110 87 0.7909 0.7737 33.5 48 43 0.8958 0.8873 34.0 91 31 0.3407 0.2865 35.0 54 46 0.8519 0.8397 35.5 33 27 0.8182 0.8033 38.0 156 150 0.9615 0.9584 39.0 101 100 0.9901 0.9893 39.S 81 81 1.0000 1.0000 I 41.0 26 26 l . 0000 1.0000 I

I I-'

I I

I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-29 I Table 6-17 Neomysis americana simulated entrainment mortality

=

I at delta T l5.0°C. Control mortality latent period.

6.066 percent, 24 hr I

Test Temperature Number Number Raw Corrected (C) Tested Responding Proportion Proportion 18.0 92 6 0.0652 0.0049 23.0 74 14 0.1892 0.1368 I 24.4 46 5 0.1087 0.0511 I 27 .o 31.0 21 27 9

9 0.4286 0.3333 0.3917 0.2903 I 32.5 56 39 0.6964 0.6768 33.0 8 3 0.3750 0.3346 I 33.5 96 60 0.6250 0.6008 I 37.5 38.0 13 67 13 66 1.0000 0.9851 1.0000 0.9841 I 39.0 145 145 1.0000 1.0000 I"

I I

I_

,, I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-30 I Tablt: 6-18 Neornysis americana simulated entrainment mortality at delta T 18.0 6 C. Control mortality= 2.743 percent, 24 hr latent period.

Test Temperature

( C)

Number Tested Number Responding Raw Proportion Corrected I Proportion 32.0 46 18 0.3913 0.3741 34.0 37 23 0.6216 0.6109 36.0 47 42 0.8936 0.8906 37.0 56 56 1.0000 1.0000 38.0 97 96 0.9897 0.9894 39.0 66 66 1.0000 1.0000 41.0 237 237 1.0000 1.0000 42.0 84 84 1.0000 1.0000 43.0 157 157 1.0000 1.0000 43.5 39 39 1.0000 1.0000 I

I I,

I

.1 I.A. Research/Consulting -I I

- - * . . . . . 19 . . - .. -* . . . . -' - .. - .. - -*

Table 6-19 Entrainment survival prob it analysis summa y statistics.

Delta T LT50 SE of (C) Slope Intercept _fil DF x2 h LT **

Simulated Entrainment Studies 1976-77 7.5 Insufficient Response 1970-79 10.0 43.97 -62.54 34.37 11 141. 3* 12.9 0.33 1970 14.0 24.27 -31. 65 32.35 7 94.6* 13.5 1.21 1976-77 15.0 21.26 -26.04 31.48 9 54.5* 6.1 0.95 0\

I I 1979 18.0 37.44 -51. 82 32.94 8 4.5 0.6 0.20 w t I-'

On-site Studies (test temperature >29.0°C) 12 hr. latent Insufficient test points 3) 24 hr. latent 8.7 28.72 -38.97 33.96 17 047.2* 61.6 0.83 48 hr. latent Insufficient test points 7) 96 hr. latent Insufficient test points 2)

Combined (24 hr.

& greater) 7.7 31.17 -42.58 33.62 23 277.4* 55.5 0.57

p < 0.05

- ad)usted for heterogeneity when significant I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-20 Neomys_is americana 1978 on-site entrainment survival data.

Intake Discharge Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Temp. Duration Initial Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (C) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 190478 11.0 11.0 12 1775 420 1355 502 1894 572 1322 350 190478 10.2 11.0 12 217 42 175 120 933 67 866 339 190478 11.0 11.1 12 1005 242 763 612 1453 354 1099 643 200478 11.0 10.9 12 152 53 99 70 183 93 90 79 200478 11.0 11.5 12 61 28 33 11 130 46 84 44 280678 27.1 32.6 12 746 0 746 90 909 32 877 243 280678 26.6 32.6 12 563 0 563 64 439 5 434 45 280678 26.3 32.4 12 466 31 435 164 '1280 38 1242 160 280678 26.2 32.3 12 1506 465 1041 96 1249 87 1162 80 290678 23.8 28.2 12 2024 624 1400 42 1325 2 1323 98 290678 290678 23.5 23.2 27.9 27.0 12 12 1576 641 173 17 1403 105 465 4 461 89 °'wI 624 52 68 0 68 2 N 130978 22.2 27.0 10 6627 0 6627 367 130978 23.5 28.1 12 1112 28 1084 246 130978 23.2 29.1 12 1756 24 1732 78 1659 17 1632 646 130978 23.5 29.5 12 1567 31 1536 88 814 330 484 70 130978 23.1 29.3 12* 465 0 465 12 570 9 561 141 130978 22.2 28.2 12 4098 13 4085 .270 140978 22.4 29.8 12 - - - - 1316 15 1301 136 140978 21.2 31. 7 12 - - - - 1020 88 932 567

Control latent observation was terminated after 7 hrs.

- Sample not taken.

I.A. Research/Consu1ting

Table 6-21 Neomysis americana 1980 on-site entrainment s rvival data.

Intake Discharge Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Temp. Duration Initial Lat nt Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) ( C) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 090480 11.1 20.3 12 91 13 78 1 138 45 93 6 0904~0 11.4 20.5 12 34 16 18 0 110 40 70 2 090480 11. 9 23.1 12 114 65 49 1 47 ll 26 0 090480 11.9 23.6 12 86 34 52 1 41 13 28 0 090480 12.0 23.8 12 42 10 32 3 92 43 49 2 090480 11.5. 19.4 12 337 16 321 40 37S 63 312 12 090480 11.2 18.6 12 131 79 S2 2 14'* 33 111 7 100480 11.4 18.8 12 86 33 S3 1 137 72 65 8 100480 11.6 19.l 12 lOS 10 95 0 1S7 41 116 4 100480 11.5 19.0 12 20S 68 137 4 238 72. 166 8 CJ\

100480 11.6 19.2 12 146 1 14S 1 281 110 171 8 I 100480 11.0 18.4 12 42 1 41 1 68 9 59 14 w w

070S80 16.S 24.2 12 274 9 26S 1 346 17 329 30 070580 18.0 2S.7 12 43 3 40 1 30 7 23 2 070580 18.2 26.0 12 72 1 71 2 98 42 S6 0 070580 18.0 25.7 12 176 4 172 1 112 8 104 2 070S80 17 .9 2S.7 12 234 12 222 1 269 38 231 3 070580 17 .o 24.7 12 3S2 18 334 1 677 36 641 6 080580 18.l 26.0 12 65 7 58 0 76 3 73 1 080580 17 .2 25.0 12 107 3 104 2 44 l 43 1 080580 17 .3 25.0 12 95 l 94 1 1S9 4 lSS 2 080S80 17 .2 25.1 12 26 4 22 0 34 1 33 1 080S80 16.9 24.7 12 3S 0 3S 2 33 1 32 0 280S80 19.3 30.0 24 SS 0 SS 2 S2 1 51 4 280580 19.4 30.0 24 2 0 2 0 32 0 32 0 280S80 19.9 30.6 24 4S 0 45 0 117 2 115 1 030680 22.2 30.2 24 492 6 486 5 197 16 181 126 030680 23.3 31.2 24 212 9 203 3 119 24 95 9 I.A. Research/Consulting

I . Table 6-21 Continued Intake Discharge Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Temp. Duration Initial* Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (C) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 030680 23.0 30.9 24 80 4 76 1 llO 10 100 l 030680 22.9 30.9 24 377 11 366 3. 495 17 478 5 030680 23.2 31.l 24 172 18 154 4 136 48 88 3 030680 22.9 30.9 24 468 17 451 1 1058 314 744 11 040680 22.8 30.7 24 324 6 318 8 565 41 524 18 040680 22.7 30.6 24 124 1 123 1 357 . 20 337 4 040680 22.4 30.4 24 217 3 214 1 248 11 237 1 040680 22.4 30.4 24 468 4 464 5 794 11 783 5 240680 22.2 30.3 24 44 5 39 10 79 0 79 4 240680 22.5 30.6 24 279 5 184 1 376 1 214 4 °'I 240680 22.6 30.9 24 295 0 186 1 257 13 215 7 w

~

240680 23.1 31.3 24 1237 2 316 0 859 23 201 4 240680 23.7 32.0 24 256 16 190 7 181 49 132 H 240680 23.4 31.5 24 90 4 86 0 100 23 77 0 240680 22.9 31.1 24 244 6 170 1 134 10 l:l4 2 250680 22.5 30.6 24 694 4 171 1 643 5 219 2 250680 23.0 31.1 24 162 4 158 1 290 18 172 0 250680 22.7 30.9 24 248 6 242 1 267 6 207 l 080780 25.0 33.3 24 123 1 122 1 124 10 114 17 080780 24.8 33.1 24 244 3 241 4* 130 20 110 20 080780 . 24.2 33.8 24 193 0 157 4 320 24 296 122 080760 25.1 33.3 24 73 0 73 l 108 65 43 17 060780 24.7 34.3 24 72 0 72 2 20 10 10 7 060760 24.9 34.5 24 321 0 169 4 72 11 61 39 090780 24.7 34.3 24 163 3 160 3 87 19 68 26 090780 24. 6 34.2 24 126 l 125 l 123 47 76 26 090780 24. 3 33.9 24 94 0 94 3 121 4 117 46 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-21 Continued Intake Discharge Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Temp. Duration Initial Late t Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (C) (hrs.) Total Dead Total ead Total Dead Total Dead 090780 24.5 34.0 24 116 1 115 3 65 5 60 35 210780 28.0 36.2 96 776 9 101 32 403 403 210780 28.3 36.5 96 ,386 24 100 20 421 421 210780 29.6 37.9 96 122 19 103 24 193 193 210780 29.8 38.0 96 40 8 32 7 12 12 210780 29.4 37.5 96 11 4 7 6 1 1 210780 28.8 37 .o 96 114 4 110 17 110 110 210780 28.7 36.7 96 58 2 56 29 268 266 2 1 220780 28.6 36.7 96 57 0 57 14 150 150 220780 28.5 36.4 96 45 2 43 8 115 114 1 1 0\

I 220780 28.1 35.9 96 24 0 24 3 73 73 w VI 110880 28.6 35.4 48 23 3 20 5 2 2 110880 28.6 35.4 48 28 0 28 1 3 3 110880 28.6 35.5 48 2 0 2 0 3 3 110880 28.7 35.5 48 116 0 116 31 70 70 110880 29.4 36.3 48 67 0 67 30 33 32 1 1 110880 29.5 36.3 48 109 0 109 52 24 22 2 2 110880 29.4 36.2 48 73 0 73 35 4 'l. 2 1 110880 29.5 36.1 48 34 1 33 18 65 65 110880 29.2 35.9 48 79 1 78 40 42 42 120880 29.1 35.7 48 63 2 61 28 27 24 3 0 120880 29.1 35.5 48 87 2 85 27 141 140 1 0 120880 29.0 35.6 48 65 1 64 17 35 35 260880 24.6 31.0 48 25 0 25 0 50 7 43 28 260880 24.8 30.8 48 18 0 18 1 31 2 29 9 270880 24.9 30.7 48 19 0 19 14 83 1 82 7 270880 25.l 31.1 48 57 2 55 8 78 5 73 2 I.A. Research/Consulting

Table 6-21 Contlnued

\

Intake Discharge Test CONTROL EXPERIMENTAL Date Temp. Temp. Duration Initial Latent Initial Latent (DDMMYY) (C) (C) (hrs.) Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead Total Dead 270880 25.0 30.9 48 65 0 65 6 108 1 107 1 270880 24 .8 30.7 48 43 0 43 11 87 1 86 13 270880 24.7 30.7 48 7 0 7 4 8 2 6 2 270880 24.9 30.9 48 5 0 5 0 4 2 2 1 270880 25.1 30.6 48 4 0 4 3 28 0 28 9 270880 25.0 30.9 48 154 0 57 29 257 2 102 7.

270880 25.1 30.9 48 60 1 59 6 71 4 67 21 090980 26.2 31.2 48 63 0 63 60 62 l 61 59 090980 26.2 31.2 48* 20 0 20 20 12 0 12 12 090980 26.2 31.2 48 17 0 17 17 62 0 62 38 C1\

090980 26.2 31.2 48 79 0 79 59 90 0 9.U 70 I 090980 26.2 31.2 48 78 2 76 w 4 97 2 95 52 090980 26.2 31.2 48 366 0 143 1 106 0 106 54 °'

090980 26.2 31.2 48 66 1 65 62 96 1 95 6 090980 26.2 31.2 48 27 6 21 20 29 4 25 25 090980 / 26. 2 31.2 48 18 0 18 18 66 0 66 58 100980 25.6 30.4 48 96 0 96 87 89 0 89 61 100980 25.9 30.6 48 127 0 127 86 241 5 236 53 100980 25.7 30.4 48 80 0 80 66 112 7 105 54 100980 25.2 30.0 48 81 0 81 78 133 12 121 115

Control sample was terminated after 24 (all died).

- Sample not taken.

~* ~* ~ ~ - ~* -~ ---

I.A. Research/Consulting

~- - .. - - - - ..,_ -* ... - .......... -*

'!'able 6-22 Summary of on-site entrainment survival con rol tests.

Initial Test No. of Sample Total Fractional Min Max x Modal

~ Tests Size Dead Mortality M:__ 6t flt 6t Total 68 26505 1783 0.06727 3.8 0.7 7.65 7.9 10 hr l 6627. 367 0.05538 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.8 12 hr 23 13147 1163 0.08846 3.8 9.2 7.07 7.7 24 hr 32 6112 197 0.03223 7.9 0.7 8.66 9.6 48 hr 10 481 32 0.06653 5.0 6.9 5.98 6.0 96 hr 2 138 24 0.17391 7.8 8.2 8.0 °'

w I

-...J I.A. Research/Consulting

- - - - ---~

Table 6-23 Neomysis americana on-site survival study results for tests conducted at discharge temperature~ below 29.0°C.

Proportion Dead Alive Total Dead Alive Control 161 2052 2213 0.0728 0.9272 Experimental 523 2391 2914 0.1795 0.8205 Total 648 4443 5127 0.1334 0.8666 Binomial test between control and experimental: Z = 11.091*

Estimated experimental mortality: 0.1151

°'I Normal approximation of 95% C.I.: +0.0150 w CD

p < 0.05 I.A. Research/Consulting

--~----~-~~--~~~~--

I 6-39 I Table 6-24 Neomysis arnericana on-site entrainment mortality at mean delta T 7.1 6 C. Control mortality= 8.846 percent I 12 hr latent period.

Test I Temperature

( C)

Number Tested Number Responding Raw Proportion Corrected Proportion I 18.4 19.1 68 157 23.

45 0.3382 0.2866 0.2740 0.2174 I,

19.2 281 118 0.4199 0.3636 19.4 375 75 0.2000 0.1224 20.3 1 .3084 24.2 I 24.7 346 710 47 43 0.1358 0.0606 0.0520 0.0000 I 25.0 25.1 203 34 8 0.0394 0.0000 2 0.0588 0.0000 I 25. 7 411 60 0.1460 0.0631 26.0 174 46 0.2644 0.1930 I 2 7. 0 68 2 0.0294 o. 0000 I 27. 9 29.1 465 1659 93 673 0.2000 0.4057 0.1224 0.3480 I 29. 5 814 400 0.4914 0.4420 32.6 1348 325 0.2411 0.1674 I

I I

I I I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-40 I Table 6-25 Neomysis americana on-site entrainment mortality I

at mean delta T 8.7 6 C. Control mortality= 3.223 percent, 24 hr latent period. I Test Temperature

( C)

Number Number Raw Corrected

.I Tested Responding Proportion Proportion 30.0 30.2 84 197 5 0.0595 0.0282 I 142 0.7208 0.7115 30.4 30.6 1042 910 28 36 0.0269 0.0396 0.0000 0.0076

.I 30.7 30.9 565 2101 59 382 0.1044 0.1818 0.0746 Ool546 I

31.1 453 74 0.1634 Ool355 31.2 119 33 0.2773 0.2532 I 31.3 207 10 0.0483 0.0166 31.5 32.0 100 181 23 60 0.2300 0.3312 0.2044 0.3092 I

33ol 33.3 130 232 40 109 0.3077 0.4698 0.2846 0.4522 I

33.8 320 146 33.9 121 so 0.4563 0.4132 0.4381 0.3937 I 34.0 65 40 0.6154 0.6026 34.2 34.3 123 107 73 0.5935 0.5800 I 62 0.5794 0.5654 34.5 72 so 0.6944 0.6843 I I

1 I

I.A. Research/Consulting

-I I

l 6-41 Table 6-26 Neomysis americana on-site entrainment mortality at mean delta T 6.0°c. Control mortality = 6.653 percent, 48 hr latent period.

Test Temperature Number Number Raw Corrected (C) Tested Responding Proportion Proportion 30.8 31 11 0.3548 0.3089 30.9 183 30 0.1639 0.1043 31.0 50 35 0.7000 0.6786

. 31.1 78 7 0.0897 0.0249 31.2 203 108 0.5320 0.4987 35.4 3 3 1.0000 1.0000 35.5 3 3 1.0000 1.0000 I.A. Research/Consulting

6-42 I Table 6-27 Neomysis americana on-site entrainment mortality I

at mean delta T 8.0°C. Control mortality= 17.391 percent, 96 hr latent period, I Test Temperature

( C)

Number Tested Number Responding Raw Corrected I Proportion Proportion 3 5. 9 73 73 1.0000 1.0000 I 37.0 110 110 1.0000 1.0000 I

I I

I..

I.A. Research/Consulting I I

r. . .. ,

... ~*

I J I-NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - 1977 80000-:

u '10000- -

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I JAN APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

)I Mean density of Neomysis americ1 na in 1977 entrainment PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:m GAS COMPANY abundance samples at Salem Unit 1.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6 1 I.A. Research/Consulting

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 1978 I 80000-u 70000-1-f 11 f I I I I

~ I I I I

I u 60000- I I

' I 8

I I

..-4 I I 00000- ,I I gj I' I

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Mean density of Neomysis americana in 1978 entrainment PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Ala> GAS COl1PANY abundance samples at Salem Unit 1.

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-2 I.A. Research/Consulting

r. . ..

I l .

i' i

l

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NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - 1979 6

~

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SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-:

I.A. Research/Consulting I -- ------------- -------

I

I-NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 1980 80000 u 70000 LEGEND MOVING AVERAGE

~

u 60000

_~ __QBSE:.R'll~D- ______ .

8

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)1 Mean density of Neom~sis arnericana in 1980 entrainment PUBLJC SERVICE" ELECTRIC A!\D GAS COMPANY abundance samples at Salem Unit 1. Third-order moving average indicated.

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-4 I.A. Research/Consulting

DELAWARE RIVER MEAN FLOW T TRENTON, NJ 1200 1000 zA0 (J

µ;::i Ul 800

&1A4

~E-t 600 O't I

~ 400

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~

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0-I I 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 YEAR Delaware River monthly mean flo measured at Trenton, NJ PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:\D GAS COMPANY from 1977 through 1980.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-5 I.A. Research/Consulting

SALEM CWS INTAKE 20 18 16 O'I I

00 6

4 2

0 I I I I 8 1 1 I a I 6 6 I I

I I e I a I I 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 YEAR Delaware River monthly mean salinity measured at Salem CWS PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC .A:;n GAS COMPANY in take. Vertical lines indicate 95 percent c. I.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-6 I.A. Research/Consulting

SALEM CWS - INT KE 30 Z7

......... 24 u

~ 21 g;

~ 18

&i a

15 12

°'ol:>oI E-4

~fl:: 9 6

3 0

1977 19'76 1979 1980 1981 1962 YEAR Delaware River monthly mean tern erature measured at Salem PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:;D GAS COMPANY cws intake. Vertical lines ind cate 95 percent c. I.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-7 I.A. Research/Consulting

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 z0 0.4 1-t 0.3

~

0.2 0.1 0.0 0 -0.1 0\

(.) I 0 -0.2 VI 0

E-4 -0.3

~ -0.4

-0.6

-0.7 I -0.6

-0.9

-1.0 I I I I & I I I

I i I I I 0 2 4- 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 LAG (MONTHS)

Autocorrelations of monthly mean density of Neomysis PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Alffi GAS COMPANY americana for 1977 through 1980. Approximate 95 percent SALEH 316(b) STUDY C. I .. 1n_dicated (dashed line).

Figurt! 6-B I.A. Research/Consulting l

I 6-51 I

MAR. 27-30, 1979 I 25 20 I 15 I

- en

~

r::::i 10 5

a

~

r::::i I -

u 1250 JUN. 6-7 1979 m 1000 u 750 0 500 0

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z 2500 I -!>"

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en

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2250 1500 I 750 a

0 1 2 3 4. 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 l2 13 14. 15 16 I HEAD-TEI.SON LENGTH (MM)

I Comparison of Neoflsis americana PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY entrainment (open and river SALEK 316(b) STUDY (shaded) density by length.

'I Figure 6-9 I.A. Research/Consulting I ..., --***-~----,,--*--:-*-*. . -******-**---~ ..... -~*--* -*.

6-52 I I

JUL. 25-27, 1979 I

In

=~

8000 4000 I

~

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~

q I

i!

u

m. 1000 1250 AUG. 22-24, 1979 I 0

u 0

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r==i OCT. 15-18, 1979 I ro=~

m

s 16000 z

12000 I

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=1 0 I

Cl z

2750 OCT. 29 - NOV. 1, 1979 I r==i 2200

a!

1650 1100 I

550 0

I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM)

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I

S/ILEM 3l6(b) STUDY Figure 6-9 (c9ntinued)

I.A. Research/Consulting '

I I

I 6-53 I

MAR. 17-20, 1980 I 1000 BOO I 600 400 zoo I

I 15 1Z .

APR. 15-17, 1980 9

0 6 0

~

I 3 I APR. 29 - MAY 2, 1980 I

I -'*i*

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I MAY 19-22, 1980 I 4000 I 2000 o-+-~-=;::Z::Z:::z:2;::2::2~::;:=:.::::;:::==::;o..-:;::::::;::::::;::::~:::;:::::::.,.-=;___,

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 W U 1Z ~ U 15 IB I HEAD-TELSON LENG TH (MM)

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPA.'n' I..

SALEK 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-9 (continued)

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-54 I I

JUN. 2-3, 1980 1500 1200 I

900 600 I

r:n 300 p::

r::i E-t 0 I r.'.l

e u

50000 40000 JUN. 5-7, 1980 I l:Q 0

u 30000 I

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p::

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=~

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HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM)

I I

PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-9 (continued) I.

I.A. Research/Consulting I I

I 6-55 I

JUL. 7-9 1980 I 3750 3000 2250 I ...........

1500 en 750

~

I r:il f-i r::::i 0

a JUL. 11-14, 1980 I - =~

0 CQ 900 I 0 300 I ~

f:il 0..

0

~

JUL. 15-17, 1980 I r;;J CQ

~

3000 2400

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>o 1800 1200 I - f-i en zr;;J 600 0

0 JUL. 20-22, 1980 I z~

r;;J 7500 6000

~

I 4500 3000 1500 I 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 HEAD-TELSON LENG TH (MM)

I I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-9 (continued)

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

6-56

I I

JUL. 24-25, 1980 I

=~

8250 5500 I CZl 2750

~

P4 E-1 P4

o. I

g AUG. 4-7 1980

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AUG. 17-19, 1980 P4 co

a 35000 28000 I

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....__,, 21000

.... 14000 I

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~

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z AUG. 20-22, 1980 I

=~

r:.::i

g 3000 I

1500 0

a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 I

HEAD-TEI.SON LENG TH (MM)

I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND GAS COMPANY I

SALEM 316{b) STUDY Figure 6-9 (continued) I~

I.A. Research/Consulting I I

I 6-57 I

I I

I

-VJ 0::

r:z:'.l E-t r:z:'.l

?!

SEP. 8-12 1980 I - :1 u

CQ u 450 0 300 0

-4 150 I 0::

r::::i P-t 0

I o==

f:i:'.l 1500 SEP. 22-24, 1980 CQ

~ 1200 I z

.._ 900 600 I

>4

&-t z

UJ r::l Q

300 O,

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 l2 13 14 15 16 HEAD-TELSON LENGTH (MM)

I z

~

I I

I I PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC AND CAS COMPANY I

SALEM 316(b) STUDY

~

Figure 6-9 (continued)

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

-~ 80000 NEOMYSIS AMERICANA

+

1977-1980 0

S1 +

(.) 70000 LEGEND 8 60000 a= 1977 0=1978

+

0 A= 1979 0....... A 50000 + = 1980

&lii.. 0 - A 40000 +

el +

+ O'\

g] 30000 +

I lT1 (X)

~

>4 20000 E-t 1--4 Vl

~

10000 0 Q

+

~

0 JAN ~,EB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

li Comparison of entrainment abundance (symbols) and adjusted PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Al;'D GAS COMPANY river (shaded) density estimates of Neomysis americana.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-10 ,

I.A. Research/Consulting

v ti NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - EXPE IMENTAL STUDIES 100 90

-e f-4 60

'10

&3 60

~

50

~

..... O'I I

~

40 l11 ID 0 30

ii A 20 DELTA T - 10.0 10 0

10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 46.0 50.0 55.0 TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEM ERATURE (C)

Neomysis americana percentage mortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Alill GAS COMPANY temperature. Probit response curve indicated.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-11 I.A. Research/Consulting

_J

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA -. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 100 90

-e f--i 80

'10 f!1 80 50

~

1-4 O'I 40 !

~

O'I 0

~

0 30

a 20 DELTA T - 14.0 10 0

10.0 15.0 20.0 26.0 ao.o as.o 4-0.o 4~.o 50.0 55.0 TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEMPERATURE (C)

Neomysis americana percentage mortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A!'1l GAS COKPANY temperature. Probit response curve indicated.

SALEH 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-12 I.A. Research/Consulting

i- - .,.-* -* - - - - - - - - - - - - -***-***

NEOMYSIS *AMERICANA - EXPE I MENTAL STUDIES 100.

90

-E-i 80

~

70 80

-p..

~

E-i 50 1-1

~ 40

~

0 30 A A

~

20 DELTA T - 15.0 A

10 0

10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 46.0 50.0 55.0.

TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEM ERATURE (C)

Neomysis americana percentage ortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:a> GAS COMPANY temper?Iture. Probit response urve indicated SALEH 316(b) STUDY I.A. Research/Consulting .

_ ____j

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 100 90 80 f:;'

~

70 el 60 60

>4 f-4 O'I

........ I

~

40 O'I .

N

~ 30

if 20 DEL'fA 'f - 16.0 10 0

10.0 15.0 20.0 26.0 30.0 . 36.0 40.0 46.0 60.0 65.0 TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEMPERATURE (C)

Neomysis americ::ana percentage mortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Al;D GAS COlil'ANY temperature. Probit response curve indicated.

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure 6-14 ; __

' I.A. Research/Consulting

- - --- - - - - - - - -* - - - - - - ..... *. J NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - ON- ~SITE STUDIES 1.0 - A .

-*z 0.9 .,

A A a A

A 0

A

~ 0.6 -

~

~.

0 0.7 -

A

. ; ~

\

ll.

..._ A 0.6

A

~

A AA 0.() *

~

A A A A A A 0.4. A °'1.

~

A d'*

A A w A A 6

~ A A A 0.3. A

~ 6

~

0 A.

~

A 0.2 A A ~

~

A. A A

~~ A.

u OJ. A. A.

A A A A A A.

A ~A A ~tl ~A ~A 4t A A 0.0 15.0 I!.

I 20.0 I

25.0

- r 30.0

- I 35.0

. . I 40.0 TEST (ACCLI MATION+DELTA T) TEMF 1ERATURE (C)

Proportion mortality in Neomysis americana on-site studies PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC A:;D GAS COMPANY control tests. Horizontal line indicates 20 percent value SALEH 316(b) STUDY for test acceptance.

Figun 6-15 I.A. Research/Consulting

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA - ON-SITE STUDIES (24 HR.)

100 90

-~e...

00 70 elii..

BO 50

-~

>i

~

40 30

°'

I 0\

0

~

20 DELTA T - 8.7 10 0 I I

' I 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0 TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEMPERATURE (C)

Neom:tsis amer1cana percentage mortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRIC Al\D GAS COMPANY temperature. Probit response curve indicated.

SALEH 316(b) STU~Y Figure 6-16 I.A. Research/Consulting

-~-

NEOMYSIS AMERICANA ON-SITE STUDIES (>12 HR.)*

100 90 E-t

~

u 80 70

~* 60 p..

60

>c

-~

E-t 40 0\

I

°'

VI

~

0 30

)!

20 DELTA T - 7.7 10 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55,0 TEST (ACCLIMATION+DELTA T) TEMP RATURE (C)

Neornysis americana percentage ortality with test PUBLIC SERVICE ELECTRlC A:ffi GAS COMPANY temperature. Probi t response indicated.

SALEM 316(b) STUDY Figure I.A. Research/Consulting

I l LITEHATURE CITED I

Alevras, R. A., c. B. Dew, E. K. Pikitch, R. L. Wyman, I J. p. Lawler, R. A. Norris, s. L. Weiss. 1980.

Methodology for as~e~sing ~opulation and ecosystem level eftects relatea to intake of cooling waters; vol.

1: Handbook of methods. population level techniques.

I EA-1402, Vol. 1. Research PrOJ. 876. Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif.

370 pp.

I Bason, w. H. 1971. Ecolo~y and early life history of striped bass, Morone saxatilis, in the Delaware Ichthyolo~ical Assoc. Bull. 4.

I Estuary. 122 pp.

Bason, w. H., s. E. Allison, L. o. Horseman, w. H. Keirsey, and c. A. Shirey. 1975. Fishes. Volume I in Ecolo ical studies in the vicinit ot the ro osea Summit Power Station. Annual interpretive report, January through December 1974. Ichthyological I Associates, Inc. 327 pp.

Bason, w. H., s. E. Allison, L. o. Horseman, w. H. Keirsey, P. E. LaCivita, R. D. Sander, and c. A. Shirey. 1976.

I Fishes. Volume I in Ecological studies in the vicinity of the proposed Summit Power Station. Annual interpretive report, January through December 1975.

I Ichthyologicai Associates, Inc. 392 pp.

Benedict. 1885. Rept. u.s.F. com XI, 1883, p. 176.

I Clutter, R. I. and G. H. Tneilacker. 1971. Ecological efficiency* of a pelagic mysid shrimp; estimates from growth, energy buaget, and mortality studies. Fishery Bulletin: Vol. 69. No. 1. .

Connelly, R. A., G. A. Hayes, T. s. Kartachak, and R. A.

Tudor. 1976. A quantitative study of benthic I macroinvertebrates ot the Delaware River in the vicinity of Artificial Island in 1~73 and 1974. pages 183-366 in An ecological study of the Delaware River in I the vicinity of Artificial Island. Progress report for the period January-December 1974. vol. II.

Ichthyological Associates. 517 pp.

I Cronin, L. E., J. c. Daiber, and E. M. Hulourt. 1962.

Quantitative seasonal aspects of zooplankton in the Delaware River Estuary. Chesapeake_ Sci. 3(2):63-93.

I Cushing, o*. H. 1951. The vertical migration of planktonic crustacea. Biol. Rev. 26: 158-192.

I DeKay. 1844. N. Y. Fauna, Crust., VI. p. 31.

I I.A. Research/Consulting I

2 I deSylva, o. P., F. A. Kalber, and c. N. Schuster. 1962. I Fishes and ecological conditions in the shore zone of the Delaware River Estuary, with note~ on other species collected in deeper waters. univ. Del. Mar. Lab., Inf.

Ser. Publ. 5. 164 pp.

I EA (Ecological Analysts, Inc.) 1978. Hudson River thermal effects studies for representative species, final I

report. Prepared for Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation, Consolidated Edison com~any ot New York, Inc., and oran~e ana Rockland Utilities, Inc. Appendix B: Thermal tolerance data.

I Engelmann, M. D. 1961. The role ot soil arthropods in the energetics of an old fiela community. Ecol.

I Monogr. 31(3):221-238.

Fikslin, T. J. 1973. The control of rhythmic activity in the opossum shrimp, Neomysis americana Smith. Master I

of Science Thesis. univ. of Delaware. 38 pp.

Fitz, E. s. 1956. An introduction to the biolo~y of RaJa I

eglanteria Bose 1802 and Raja erinacea Mitchill 1825 as they occur in Delaware BaY:---M.S. Thesis. Univ.

Delaware, Newark. 93 pp. I Fowler, H. w. 1912. Crustac~a of New Jersey, 1912 in The annual report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1911.

Maccrellish and Quigley. 650 p.

I Gesner, K. L. 1971. Guide to identification of marine and estuarine* invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay i)'

I of Fundy. Wiley-Interscience, New York. 704 pp.

Grossman, s., and R.H. Benson. 1967. Ecology of Rhizopodea and Ostracoda of southern Pamlico sound I

region, North Carolina. Univ. Kansas Paleontological Contr. No. 44:3-82. I Grossnickle, N. E. and M. o. Morgan. 1979. Density estimates of Mysis relicta in Lake Michigan. J. Fish.

Res. Board Can. 36:694-698. I Hair, J. R. 1971. Upper lethal temperature and thermal shock tolerances of the opossum snrimp, Neomysis awatschensis, from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Estuary, I

California. Calitornia Fish and Game. 57(1):17-27.

Herman, s. s. 1963a. vertical miyration of the oposswn shrimp, Neomysis americana smith. Limnol. Oceanogr.

I 8 (2) :228-238 *.

,I.~.

I.A. Research/Consulting 1.

I

I * ' .j 3

I Herman, s. s. 19~3b. Spectral sensitivity and phototaxis in the.oposswn shrimp, Neomysis americana Smith.

Biol. Bull. 123:562~570.

I Hopkins, T. L. 1965. Mysid shrimp abunaance in surface waters of Indian River Inlet, Delaware. Chesapeake I Science. vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 86-91.

Hulburt, E. M. 1957. The distrioution of Neomysis americana in the estuary of tne Delaware River.

I Limnology and oceanography. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-11.

Kinne, o. 1955. Neomysis vulgaris (Thompson) eine I autokologisch-b1ologiscne studie. Biol. zentralol.

74:160-202.

Kinner, p., n~ Maurer, and W. Leathern. 1975. Bentnic associations of the dominant species. College of Marine Studies, Univ. of Del. 18 pp.

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