ML17097A560

Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Decommissioning Alternatives, Section 2, Pages 1 of 12 - Section 3 Page 13 of 30

ML17097A560
Person / Time
Site:	Callaway
Issue date:	03/16/2015
From:	TLG Services
To:	Ameren Missouri, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Shared Package
ML17097A555	List: ML17097A556 ML17097A557 ML17097A558 ML17097A559 ML17097A560 ML17097A561 ML17097A562 ML17097A563 ML17097A564 ML17097A565 ML17097A566 ML17097A567 ML17097A568 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Section 3, Page 14 of 30 - Section 5, Page 2 of 6 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 1 to ULNRC-06349 - NRC Decommissioning Funding Status Report - 2017 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 2 to ULNRC-06349 - Minimum Decommissioning Cost - Per 10 CFR 50.75 Formula Process ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Decommissioning Alternatives, Section 2, Pages 1 of 12 - Section 3 Page 13 of 30 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 to ULNRC-06349 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Appendix C, Page 4 of 10 - Appendix E, Page 7 of 10 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 to ULNRC-06349 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Appendix E, Page 8 of 10 - Appendix G, Page 11 of 14 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 to ULNRC-06349 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Appendix G, Page 12 of 14 - Appendix H, Page 20 of 20 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 to ULNRC-06349 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Cover Page - Section 1, Page 8 of 8 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 3 to ULNRC-06349 - Document A22-1690-001, Rev. 0, Decommissioning Cost Analysis for the Callaway Energy Center, Section 5, Page 3 of 6 - Appendix C, Page 3 of 10 ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 4 to ULNRC-06349 - Statement of Net Assets Available for Benefits ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 6 to ULNRC-06349 - Non-Unanimous Stipulation and Agreement ULNRC-06349, Callaway, Unit 1 - Status of Decommissioning Funding ULNRC-06349, Enclosure 7 - Order Approving Stipulation and Agreement ULNRC-06349, joy-nv Callaway, Unit 1 - Enclosure 5 to ULNRC-06349 - Application for Approval of Decommissioning Cost Estimate for Callaway Energy Center and Funding Level of Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund
References
ULNRC-06349 A22-1690-001, Rev. 0
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ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page26of173CaflawayEnergyCenter*DocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page1of122.DECOMMISSIONINGALTERNATIVESDetailedcostestimatesweredevelopedtodecommissionCallawayfortheapproveddecommissioningalternatives:DECONandSAF$TOR.Althoughthealternativesdifferwithrespecttotechnique,process,cost,andschedule,theyattainthesameresult:theultimatereleaseofthesiteforunrestricteduse.TheDECONandSAFSTORalternativeswereevaluatedforbotha40-yearand60-yearoperatinglicensesincetheapplicationforlicenserenewalisstillinreview.Twodisposaloptionswerealsoevaluated:recyclinganddirectdisposal.Recyclingispresentedasthebaseoptionandconsiderstheoff-siteprocessingofplantequipmentandcommoditieswithlowlevelsofradiologicalcontaminationandlormaterialsuspectedtobecontaminatedforvolumereductionpriortodisposaLThedirectdisposaloptionassumesthatallcontaminatedandsuspectmaterialispackagedatthesitefordisposalataregulateddisposalfacility.Thescenariosaresummarizedasfollows.PlantLow-LevelAlternativeOperatingRadioactiveWasteCostSummariesand/orLife(years)OptionsDetailedEstimatesDECON40ReycingSections3,6,AppendixCDirectDisposalAppendixESAFSTOR40RecyclingSections3,6,AppendixDDirectDisposalAppendixFDECON60RecyclingAppendix0SAF$TOR60RecyclingAppendixHThefollowingsectionsdescribethebasicactivitiesassociatedwitheachalternative.Althoughdetailedproceduresforeachactivityidentifiedarenotprovided,andtheactualsequenceofworkmayvary,theactivitydescriptionsprovideabasisnotonlyforestimatingbutalsofortheexpectedscopeofwork,i.e.,engineeringandplanningatthetimeofdecommissioning.TheconceptualapproachthattheNRChasdescribedinitsregulationsdividesdecommissioningintothreephases.Theinitialphasecommenceswiththeeffectivedateofpermanentcessationofoperationsandinvolvesthetransitionofbothplantandlicenseefromreactoroperations(i.e.,powerproduction)tofacilityde-activationandclosure.Duringthefirstphase,notificationistobeprovidedtotheNRCcertifyingthepermanentcessationofoperationsandtheremovaloffuelfromthereactorvessel.Thelicenseeisthenprohibitedfromreactoroperation.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page27of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page2of12Thesecondphaseencompassesactivitiesduringthestorageperiodorduringmajordecommissioningactivities,oracombinationofthetwo.Thethirdphasepertainstotheactivitiesinvolvedinlicensetermination.ThedecommissioningestimatesdevelopedforCallawayarealsodividedintophasesorperiods;however,demarcationofthephasesisbaseduponmajormilestoneswithintheprojectorsignificantchangesintheprojectedexpenditures.2.1DECONTheDECONalternative,asdefinedbytheNRC,is'thealternativeinwhichtheequipment,structures,andportionsofafacilityandsitecontainingradioactivecontaminantsareremovedordecontaminatedtoalevelthatpermitsthepropertytobereleasedforunrestricteduseshortlyaftercessationofoperations."Thisstudydoesnotaddressthecosttodisposeofthespentfuelresidingatthesite;suchcostsarefundedthroughasurchargeonelectricalgeneration.Thestudyalsoassumesthatthecostsincurredwiththeinterimon-sitestorageofthefuel,pendingshipmentbytheDOEtoanoff-sitedisposalfacility,arefullyreimbursable.2.1.1Period1-PreparationsInanticipationofthecessationofplantoperations,detailedpreparationsareundertakentoprovideasmoothtransitionfromplantoperationstositedecommissioning.Throughimplementationofastaffingtransitionplan,theorganizationrequiredtomanagetheintendeddecommissioningactivitiesisassembledfromavailableplantstaffandoutsideresources.Preparationsincludetheplanningforpermanentdefuelingofthereactor,revisionoftechnicalspecificationsapplicabletotheoperatingconditionsandrequirements,acharacterizationofthefacilityandmajorcomponents,andthedevelopmentoftheP$DAR.EngineeringandPlanningThePSDAR,requiredwithintwoyearsofthenoticetoceaseoperations,providesadescriptionofthelicensee'splanneddecommissioningactivities,atimetable,andtheassociatedfinancialrequirementsoftheintendeddecommissioningprogram.UponreceiptoftheP$DAR,theNRCwifimakethedocumentavailabletothepublicforcommentinalocalhearingtobeheldinthevicinityofthereactorsite.NinetydaysfollowingsubmittalandNRCreceiptoftheP$DAR,thelicenseemaybegintoperformmajordecommissioningactivitiesunderamodified10CFR§50.59procedure,i.e.,withoutspecificNRCapproval.MajorTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page28of773CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.UDecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page3of12activitiesaredefinedasanyactivitythatresultsinpermanentremovalofmajorradioactivecomponents,permanentlymodifiesthestructureofthecontainment,orresultsindismantlingcomponents(forshipment)containingGTCC,asdefinedby10CFR§61.Majorcomponentsarefurtherdefinedascomprisingthereactorvesselandinternals,largeborereactorcoolantsystempiping,andotherlargecomponentsthatareradioactive.TheNRCincludesthefollowingadditionalcriteriaforuseofthe§50.59processindecommissioning.Theproposedactivitymustnot:.foreclosereleaseofthesiteforpossibleunrestricteduse,.significantlyincreasedecommissioningcosts,.causeanysignificantenvironmentalimpact,or.violatethetermsofthelicensee'sexistinglicense.Existingoperationaltechnicalspecificationsarereviewedandmodifiedtoreflectplantconditionsandthesafetyconcernsassociatedwithpermanentcessationofoperations.Theenvironmentalimpactassociatedwiththeplanneddecommissioningactivitiesisalsoconsidered.Typically,alicenseewifinotbeallowedtoproceediftheconsequencesofaparticulardecommissioningactivityaregreaterthanthatboundedbypreviouslyevaluatedenvironmentalassessmentsorimpactstatements.Inthisinstance,thelicenseewouldhavetosubmitalicenseamendmentforthespecificactivityandupdatetheenvironmentalreport.ThedecommissioningprogramoutlinedintheP$DARwillbedesignedtoaccomplishtherequiredtaskswithintheALARAguidelines(asdefinedin10CFR§20)forprotectionofpersonnelfromexposuretoradiationhazards.Itwillalsoaddressthecontinuedprotectionofthehealthandsafetyofthepublicandtheenvironmentduringthedismantlingactivity.Consequently,withthedevelopmentoftheP$DAR,activityspecifications,cost-benefitandsafetyanalyses,workpackagesandprocedures,wouldbeassembledtosupporttheproposeddecontaminationanddismantlingactivities.SitePreparationsFollowingfinalplantshutdown,andinpreparationforactualdecommissioningactivities,thefollowingactivitiesareinitiated:.Characterizationofthesiteandsurroundingenvirons.Thisincludesradiationsurveysofworkareas,majorcomponents(incluthngtheTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page29of173CaltawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page4of12reactorvesselanditsinternals),internalpiping,andprimaryshieldcores..Isolationofthespentfuelstoragepooiandfuelhandlingsystems,suchthatdecommissioningoperationscancommenceonthebalanceoftheplant.Thepoolwillremainoperationalforapproximatelyfiveandone-halfyearsfollowingthecessationofoperationsbeforetheinventoryresidentatshutdowncanbetransferredtotheI$FSI..Specificationoftransportanddisposalrequirementsforactivatedmaterialsandlorhazardousmaterials,includingshieldingandwastestabilization..Developmentofproceduresforoccupationalexposurecontrol,controlandreleaseofliquidandgaseouseffluent,processingofradwaste(includingdry-activewaste,resins,filtermedia,metallicandnon-metalliccomponentsgeneratedindecommissioning),sitesecurityandemergencyprograms,andindustrialsafety.2.1.2Period2-DecommissioningOperationsThisperiodincludesthephysicaldecommissioningactivitiesassociatedwiththeremovalanddisposalofcontaminatedandactivatedcomponentsandstructures,includingthesuccessfulterminationofthe10CFR§50operatinglicense.Significantdecommissioningactivitiesinthisphaseinclude:.Constructionoftemporaryfacilitiesandformodificationofexistingfacilitiestosupportdismantlingactivities.Thismayincludeacentralizedprocessingareatofacilitateequipmentremovalandcomponentpreparationsforoff-sitedisposal..Reconfigurationandmodificationofsitestructuresandfacilitiesasneededtosupportdecommissioningoperations.Thismayincludetheupgradingofroads(on-andoff-site)tofacilitatehaulingandtransport.Modificationsmayberequiredtothecontainmentstructuretofacilitateaccessoflarge/heavyequipment.Modificationsmayalsoberequiredtotherefuelingareaofthebuildingtosupportthesegmentationofthereactorvesselinternalsandcomponentextraction..Designandfabricationoftemporaryandpermanentshieldingtosupportremovalandtransportationactivities,constructionofcontaminationcontrolenvelopes,andtheprocurementofspecialtytooling.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page30of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page5of12.Procurement(leaseorpurchase)ofshippingcanisters,caskliners,andindustrialpackagesforthedispositionoflow-levelradioactivewaste..Decontaminationofcomponentsandpipingsystemsasrequiredtocontrol(minimize)workerexposure..Removalofpipingandcomponentsnolongeressentialtosupportdecommissioningoperations..Removalofcontrolroddrivehousingsandtheheadservicestructurefromthereactorvesselhead.Segmentationofthevesselclosurehead..Removalandsegmentationoftheupperinternalsassemblies.Segmentationwillmaximizetheloadingoftheshieldedtransportcasks,i.e.,byweightandactivity.Theoperationsareconductedunderwaterusingremotelyoperatedtoolingandcontaminationcontrols..Disassemblyandsegmentationoftheremainingreactorinternals,includingthecoreshroudandlowercoresupportassembly.SomematerialisexpectedtoexceedClassCdisposalrequirements.Assuch,thesegmentswillbepackagedinmodifiedfuelstoragecanistersforgeologicdisposal..Segmentationofthereactorvessel.Ashieldedplatformisinstalledforsegmentationascuttingoperationsareperformedin-airusingremotelyoperatedequipmentwithinacontaminationcontrolenvelope.Thewaterlevelismaintainedjustbelowthecuttominimizetheworkingareadoserates.Segmentsaretransferredin-airtocontainersthatarestoredunderwater,forexample,inanisolatedareaoftherefuelingcanal..Removaloftheactivatedportionsoftheconcretebiologicalshieldandaccessiblecontaminatedconcretesurfaces.Ifdictatedbythesteamgeneratorandpressurizerremovalscenarios,thoseportionsoftheassociatedcubiclesnecessaryforaccessandcomponentextractionareremoved..Removalofthesteamgeneratorsandpressurizerformaterialrecoveryandcontrolleddisposal.Thegeneratorswillbemovedtoanon-siteprocessingcenter,thesteamdomesremovedandtheinternalcomponentssegregatedforrecycling.Thelowershellandtubebundlewillbepackagedfordirectdisposal.Thesecomponentscanserveastheirownburialcontainersprovidedthatallpenetrationsareproperlysealedandtheinternalcontaminantsarestabilized,e.g.,withgrout.Steelshieldingwillbeadded,asnecessary,tothoseTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page3lof173CaUawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page6of12externa'areasofthepackagetomeettransportationlimitsandregulations.Thepressurizerisdisposedofintact.Atleasttwoyearspriortotheanticipateddateoflicensetermination,anLTPisrequired.SubmittedasasupplementtotheFinalSafetyAnalysisReport(F$AR)oritsequivalent,theplanmustinclude:asitecharacterization,descriptionoftheremainingdismantlingactivities,plansforsiteremethation,proceduresforthefinalradiationsurvey,designationoftheenduseofthesite,anupdatedcostestimatetocompletethedecommissioning,andanyassociatedenvironmentalconcerns.TheNRCwillnoticethereceiptoftheplan,maketheplanavailableforpubliccomment,andschedulealocalhearing.LTPapprovalwillbesubjecttoanyconditionsandlimitationsasdeemedappropriatebytheCommission.Thelicenseemaythencommencewiththefinalremediationofsitefacilitiesandservices,including:.Removalofremainingplantsystemsandassociatedcomponentsastheybecomenonessentialtothedecommissioningprogramorworkerhealthandsafety(e.g.,wastecollectionandtreatmentsystems,electricalpowerandventilationsystems)..Removalofthesteellinersfromrefuelingcanal,disposingoftheactivatedandcontaminatedsectionsasradioactivewaste.Removalofanyactivatedlcontaminatedconcrete..Surveysofthedecontaminatedareasofthecontainmentstructure..Remediationandremovalofthecontaminatedequipmentandmaterialfromthefuelbuildingandanyothercontaminatedfacility.Rathationandcontaminationcontrolswillbeutilizeduntilresiduallevelsindicatethatthestructuresandequipmentcanbereleasedforunrestrictedaccessandconventionaldemolition.Thisactivitymaynecessitatethedismantlinganddispositionofmostofthesystemsandcomponents(bothcleanandcontaminated)locatedwithinthesebmlthngs.Thisactivityfacilitatessurfacedecontaminationandsubsequentverificationsurveysrequiredpriortoobtainingreleasefordemolition..Routingofmaterialremovedinthedecontaminationanddismantlingtoacentralprocessingarea.Materialcertifiedtobefreeofcontaminationisreleasedforunrestricteddisposition,e.g.,asscrap,recycle,orgeneraldisposal.Contaminatedmaterialischaracterizedandsegregatedforadditionaloff-siteprocessing(disassembly,chemicalcleaning,volumereduction,andwastetreatment),andlorTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page32of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page7of12packagedforcontrolleddisposalatalow-levelradioactivewastedisposalfacility.IncorporatedintotheLTPistheFinalSurveyPlan.Thisplanidentifiestheradiologicalsurveystobeperformedoncethedecontaminationactivitiesarecompletedandisdevelopedusingtheguidanceprovidedinthe"Multi-AgencyRadiationSurveyandSiteInvestigationManual(J55J}jf)"[16JThisdocumentincorporatesthestatisticalapproachestosurveydesignanddatainterpretationusedbytheEPA.Italsoidentifiesstate-of-the-art,commerciallyavailableinstrumentationandproceduresforconductingradiologicalsurveys.UseofthisguidanceensuresthatthesurveysareconductedinamannerthatprovidesahighdegreeofconfidencethatapplicableNRCcriteriaaresatisfied.Oncethesurveyiscomplete,theresultsareprovidedtotheNRCinaformatthatcanbeverified.TheNRCthenreviewsandevaluatestheinformation,performsanindependentconfirmationofradiologicalsiteconditions,andmakesadeterminationontherequestedchangetotheoperatinglicense(thatwouldreleasetheproperty,exclusiveoftheISFSI,forunrestricteduse).TheNRCwillamendtheoperatinglicensesifitdeterminesthatsiteremethationhasbeenperformedinaccordancewiththeLTP,andthattheterminalradiationsurveyandassociateddocumentationdemonstratethattheproperty(exclusiveoftheISFSI)issuitableforrelease.2.1.3Period3-SiteRestorationFollowingcompletionofdecommissioningoperations,siterestorationactivitieswillbegin.EfficientremovalofthecontaminatedmaterialsandverificationthatresidualradionuclideconcentrationsarebelowtheNRClimitswillresultinsubstantialdamagetomanyofthestructures.Althoughperformedinacontrolled,safemanner,blasting,coring,drilling,scarification(surfaceremoval),andtheotherdecontaminationactivitieswillsubstantiallydegradepowerblockstructuresincludingthereactor,fuelhandling,andradioactivewastebuildings.Undercertaincircumstances,verifyingthatsubsurfacerathonucideconcentrationsmeetNRCsitereleaserequirementswillrequireremovalofgradeslabsandlowerfloors,potentiallyweakeningfootingsandstructuralsupports.Thisremovalactivitywifibenecessaryforthosefacilitiesandplantareaswherehistoricalrecords,whenavailable,indicatethepotentialforrathonucideshavingbeenpresentinthesoil,wheresystemfailureshavebeenrecorded,orwhereitisrequiredtoTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page33of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,RevS0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page8of12confirmthatsubsurfaceprocessanddrainlineswerenotbreachedovertheoperatinglifeofthestation.Immediatedismantlingofsitestructuresisclearlythemostappropriateandcost-effectiveoption.Itisunreasonabletoanticipatethatthesestructureswouldberepairedandpreservedaftertheradiologicalcontaminationisremoved.Thecosttodismantlesitestructureswithaworkforcealreadymobilizedonsiteismoreefficientthaniftheprocessweredeferred.Sitefacilitiesquicklydegradewithoutmaintenance,addingadditionalexpenseandcreatingpotentialhazardstothepublicaswellastofutureworkers.Abandonmentcreatesabreedinggroundforvermininfestationaswellasotherbiologicalhazards.Thiscoststudypresumesthatnon-essentialstructuresandsitefacilitiesaredismantledasacontinuationofthedecommissioningactivity.Foundationsandexteriorwallsareremovedtoanominaldepthofthreefeetbelowgrade.Thethree-footdepthallowsfortheplacementofgravelfordrainage,aswellastopsoil,sothatvegetationcanbeestablishedforerosioncontrol.Siteareasaffectedbythedismantlingactivitiesarerestoredandtheplantareagradedasrequiredtopreventponthngandinhibittherefloatingofsubsurfacematerials.Non-contaminatedconcreterubbleproducedbydemolitionactivitiesisprocessedtoremovereinforcingsteelandmiscellaneousembedments.Theprocessedmaterialisthenusedonsitetobackfillfoundationvoids.Excessnon-contaminatedmaterialsaretruckedtoanoff-siteareafordisposalasconstructiondebris.2.2SAFSTORTheNRCdefinesSAF$TORas"thealternativeinwhichthenuclearfacilityisplacedandmaintainedinaconditionthatallowsthenuclearfacilitytobesafelystoredandsubsequentlydecontaminated(deferreddecontamination)tolevelsthatpermitreleaseforunrestricteduse."Thefacilityisleftintact(duringthedormancyperiod),withstructuresmaintainedinasoundcondition.Systemsthatarenotrequiredtosupportthespentfuelpoolorsitesurveillanceandsecurityaredrained,de-energized,andsecured.Minimalcleaning/removalofloosecontaminationandiorfixationandsealingofremainingcontaminationisperformed.Accesstocontaminatedareasissecuredtoprovidecontrolledaccessforinspectionandmaintenance.TheengineeringandplanningrequirementsaresimilartothosefortheDECONalternative,althoughashortertimeperiodisexpectedfortheseTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page34of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page9of12activitiesduetothemorelimitedworkscope.SitepreparationsarealsosimilartothosefortheDECONalternative.However,withtheexceptionoftherequiredradiationsurveysandsitecharacterizations,themobilizationandpreparationofsitefacilitiesislessextensive.2.2.1Period1-PreparationsPreparationsforlong-termstorageincludetheplanningforpermanentdefuelingofthereactor,revisionoftechnicalspecificationsappropriatetotheoperatingconditionsandrequirements,acharacterizationofthefacilityandmajorcomponents,andthedevelopmentoftheP$DAR.Theprocessofplacingtheplantinsafe-storageincludes,butisnotlimitedto,thefollowingactivities:.Isolationofthespentfuelstorageservicesandfuelhandlingsystemssothatsafe-storageoperationsmaycommenceonthebalanceoftheplant.Thisactivitymaybecarriedoutbyplantpersonnelinaccordancewithexistingoperatingtechnicalspecifications.Activitiesarescheduledaroundthefuelhandlingsystemstothegreatestextentpossible..TransferofthespentfuelfromthestoragepooltotheI$FSIfollowingtheminimumrequiredcoolingperiod..Drainingandde-energizingofthenon-contaminatedsystemsnotrequiredtosupportcontinuedsiteoperationsormaintenance..Disposingofcontaminatedifiterelementsandresinbedsnotrequiredforprocessingwastesfromlayupactivitiesforfutureoperations..Drainingofthereactorvessel,withtheinternalsleftinplaceandthevesselheadsecured..Drainingandde-energizingnon-essential,contaminatedsystemswithdecontaminationasrequiredforfuturemaintenanceandinspection..Preparinglightingandalarmsystemswhosecontinueduseisrequired;de-energizingportionsoffireprotection,electricpower,andHVACsystemswhosecontinueduseisnotrequired..Cleaningoftheloosesurfacecontaminationfrombuildingaccesspathways..Performinganinterimradiationsurveyofplant,postingwarningsignswhereappropriate.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page35of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysis*Section2,Page10of12.Erectingphysicalbarriersand/orsecuringallaccesstoradioactiveorcontaminatedareas,exceptasrequiredforinspectionandmaintenance.IInstallingsecurityandsurveillancemonitoringequipmentandrelocatingsecurityfencearoundsecuredstructures,asrequired.2.2.2Period2-DormancyThesecondphaseidentifiedbytheNRCinitsruleaddresseslicensedactivitiesduringastorageperiodandisapplicabletothedormancyphasesofthedeferreddecommissioningalternatives.Dormancyactivitiesincludea24-hoursecurityforce,preventiveandcorrectivemaintenanceonsecuritysystems,arealighting,generalbuildingmaintenance,heatingandventilationofbuildings,routineradiologicalinspectionsofcontaminatedstructures,maintenanceofstructuralintegrity,andasiteenvironmentalandradiationmonitoringprogram.Residentmaintenancepersonnelperformequipmentmaintenance,inspectionactivities,routineservicestomaintainsafeconditions,adequatelighting,heating,andventilation,andperiodicpreventivemaintenanceonessentialsiteservices.Anenvironmentalsurveillanceprogramiscarriedoutduringthedormancyperiodtoensurethatreleasesofradioactivematerialtotheenvironmentarepreventedandlordetectedandcontrolled.Appropriateemergencyproceduresareestablishedandinitiatedforpotentialreleasesthatexceedprescribedlimits.Theenvironmentalsurveillanceprogramconstitutesanabbreviatedversionoftheprogramineffectduringnormalplantoperations.Securityduringthedormancyperiodisconductedprimarilytopreventunauthorizedentryandtoprotectthepublicfromtheconsequencesofitsownactions.Thesecurityfence,sensors,alarms,andothersurveillanceequipmentprovidesecurity.Fireandradiationalarmsarealsomonitoredandmaintained.ConsistentwiththeDECONscenario,thespentfuelstoragepoolisemptiedwithinfiveandone-halfyearsofthecessationofoperations.ThepoolissecuredforstorageanddecommissionedalongwiththepowerblockstructuresinPeriod4.Afteraperiodofstorage(suchthatlicenseterminationisaccomplishedwithin60yearsoffinalshutdown),itisrequiredthatthelicenseeTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page36of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page11of12submitanapplicationtoterminatethelicense,alongwithanLTP(describedinSection2.1.2),therebyinitiatingthethirdphase.2.2.3Periods3and4-DelayedDecommissioningPriortothecommencementofdecommissioningoperations,preparationsareundertakentoreactivatesiteservicesandpreparefordecommissioning.Preparationsincludeengineeringandplanning,adetailedsitecharacterization,andtheassemblyofadecommissioningmanagementorganization.Finalplanningforactivitiesandthewritingofactivityspecificationsanddetailedproceduresarealsoinitiatedatthistime.Muchoftheworkindevelopingaterminationplanisrelevanttothedevelopmentofthedetailedengineeringplansandprocedures.Theactivitiesassociatedwiththisphaseandthefollow-ondecontaminationanddismantlingprocessesaredetailedinSections2.1.1and2.1.2.TheprimarydifferencebetweenthesequencesanticipatedfortheDECONandthisdeferredscenarioistheabsence,inthelatter,ofanyconstraintontheavailabilityofthefuelstoragefacilitiesfordecommissioning.Variationsinthelengthofthedormancyperiodareexpectedtohavelittleeffectuponthequantitiesofradioactivewastesgeneratedfromsystemandstructureremovaloperations.Giventhelevelsofradioactivityandspectrumofradionucidesexpectedfromforty(orsixty)yearsofplantoperation,noplantprocesssystemidentifiedasbeingcontaminateduponfinalshutdownwillbecomereleasableduetothedecayperiodalone,i.e.,thereisnosignificantreductioninthewastegeneratedfromthedecommissioningactivities.However,duetotheloweractivitylevels,agreaterpercentageofthewastevolumecanbedesignatedforoff-siteprocessingandrecovery.Thedelayindecommissioningalsoyieldslowerworkingarearadiationlevels.Assuch,theestimateforthisdelayedscenarioincorporatesreducedALARAcontrolsforthe$AF$TORsloweroccupationalexposurepotential.AlthoughtheinitialradiationlevelsduetoGoCowilldecreaseduringthedormancyperiod,theinternalcomponentsofthereactorvesselwifistillexhibitsufficientlyhighradiationdoseratestorequireremotesectioningunderwaterduetothepresenceoflong-livedrathonuclidessuchas9Ni,and63Ni.Therefore,thethsmantlingproceduresdescribedfortheDECONalternativewouldstillbeemployedduringTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page37of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection2,Page12of12thisscenario.Portionsofthebiologicalshieldwifistillberadioactiveduetothepresenceofactivatedtraceelementswithlonghalf-lives('52Euand'54Eu).Decontaminationwillrequirecontrolledremovalanddisposal.Itisassumedthatradioactivecorrosionproductsoninnersurfacesofpipingandcomponentswillnothavedecayedtolevelsthatwillpermitunrestricteduseorallowconventionalremoval.Thesesystemsandcomponentswillbesurveyedastheyareremovedanddisposedofinaccordancewiththeexistingradioactivereleasecriteria.2.2.4Period5-SiteRestorationFollowingcompletionofdecommissioningoperations,site-restorationactivitiescanbegin.Dismantling,asacontinuationofthedecommissioningprocess,isclearlythemostappropriateandcost-effectiveoption,asdescribedinSection2.1.3.ThebasisforthedismantlingcostinthisscenarioisconsistentwiththatdescribedforDECON,presumingtheremovalofstructuresandsitefacilitiestoanominaldepthofthreefeetbelowgradeandthelimitedrestorationofthesite.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page38of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA224690-OO1,Rev.UDecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page1of303.COSTESTIMATEThecostestimatespreparedfordecommissioningCallawayconsidertheuniquefeaturesofthesite,includingtheN$S$,powergenerationsystems,supportservices,sitebuildings,andancillaryfacilities.Thebasisoftheestimates,includingthesourcesofinformationreliedupon,theestimatingmethodologyemployed,site-specificconsiderations,andotherpertinentassumptions,isdescribedinthissection.3.1BASISOFESTIMATETheestimate'sweredevelopedusingthesite-specific,technicalinformationfromthe2011analysis.Thisinformationwasreviewedforthecurrentanalysisandupdatedasdeemedappropriate.Thesite-specificconsiderationsandassumptionsusedinthepreviousevaluationwerealsorevisited.Modificationswereincorporatedwherenewinformationwasavailableorexperiencefrompreviouslycompleteddecommissioningprogramsprovidedviablealternativesorimprovedprocesses.3.2METHODOLOGYThemethodologyusedtodeveloptheestimatesfollowsthebasicapproachoriginallypresentedintheMF/NE$P-036studyreport,"GuidelinesforProducingCommercialNuclearPowerPlantDecommissioningCostEstimates,"[17]andtheDOE"DecommissioningHandbook."['81Thesedocumentspresentaunitfactormethodforestimatingdecommissioningactivitycosts,whichsimplifiestheestimatingcalculations.Unitfactorsforconcreteremoval($/cubicyard),steelremoval($/ton),andcuttingcosts($/inch)aredevelopedusinglocallaborrates.Theactivity-dependentcostsareestimatedwiththeitemquantities(cubicyardsandtons),developedfromplantdrawingsandinventorydocuments.Removalratesandmaterialcostsfortheconventionaldispositionofcomponentsandstructuresrelyuponinformationavailableintheindustrypublication,"BuildingConstructionCostData,"publishedbyR.S.Means.['9]Theunitfactormethodprovidesademonstrablebasisforestablishingreliablecostestimates.Thedetailprovidedintheunitfactors,includingactivityduration,laborcosts(bycraft),andequipmentandconsumablecosts,ensuresthatessentialelementshavenotbeenomitted.AppendixApresentsthedetaileddevelopmentofatypicalunitfactor.AppendixBprovidesthevaluescontainedwithinonesetoffactorsdevelopedforthisanalysis.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page39of173CatlawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0.DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page2of30ThisanalysisreflectslessonslearnedfromTLG'sinvolvementinthe$hippingportStationDecommissioningProject,completedin1989,aswellasthedecommissioningoftheCintichemreactor,hotcells,andassociatedfacilities,completedin1997.Inaddition,theplanningandengineeringforthePathfinder,Shoreham,Rancho$eco,Trojan,YankeeRowe,BigRockPoint,MaineYankee,HumboldtBay-3,OysterCreek,ConnecticutYankee,andSanOnofre-1nuclearunitshaveprovidedadditionalinsightintotheprocess,theregulatoryaspects,andthetechnicalchallengesofdecommissioningcommercialnuclearunits.WorkDifficultyFactorsTLGhashistoricallyappliedworkdifficultyadjustmentfactors(WDFs)toaccountfortheinefficienciesinworkinginapowerplantenvironment.WDFsareassignedtoeachuniquesetofunitfactors,commensuratewiththeinefficienciesassociatedwithworkinginconfined,hazardousenvironments.TherangesusedfortheWDFsareasfollows:.AccessFactor10%to20%.RespiratoryProtectionFactor10%to50%.Radiation/ALARAFactor10%to37%.ProtectiveClothingFactor10%to30%.WorkBreakFactor8.33%ThefactorsandtheirassociatedrangeofvaluesweredevelopedinconjunctionwiththeAIF/NESP-036study.Theapplicationofthefactorsisdiscussedinmoredetailinthatpublication.SchedulingProgramDurationsTheunitfactors,adjustedbytheWDFsasdescribedabove,areappliedagainsttheinventoryofmaterialstoberemovedintheradiologicalcontrolledareas.Theresultingman-hours,orcrew-hours,areusedinthedevelopmentofthedecommissioningprogramschedule,usingresourceloadingandeventsequencingconsiderations.Theschedulingofconventionalremovalanddismantlingactivitiesisbaseduponproductivityinformationavailablefromthe'BuildingConstructionCostDat&publication.Anactivitydurationcriticalpathisusedtodeterminethetotaldecommissioningprogramschedule.Thescheduleisrelieduponincalculatingthecarryingcosts,whichincludeprogrammanagement,administration,fieldTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page40of173CaflawayEnergyCenter.DocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page3of30engineering,equipmentrental,andsupportservicessuchasqualitycontrolandsecurity.Thissystematicapproachforassemblingdecommissioningestimatesensuresahighdegreeofconfidenceinthereliabilityoftheresultingcosts.3.3FINANCIALCOMPONENTSOFTHECOSTMODELTLG'sproprietarydecommissioningcostmodel,DECCER,producesanumberofdistinctcostelements.Thesedirectexpenditures,however,donotcomprisethetotalcosttoaccomplishtheprojectgoal,i.e.,licenseterminationandsiterestoration.Inherentinanycostestimatethatdoesnotrelyonhistoricaldataistheinabilitytospecifytheprecisesourceofcostsimposedbyfactorssuchastoolbreakage,accidents,ifinesses,weatherdelays,andlaborstoppages.IntheDECCERcostmodel,contingencyfulfillsthisrole.Contingencyisaddedtoeachlineitemtoaccountforcoststhataredifficultorimpossibletodevelopanalytically.Suchcostsarehistoricallyinevitableoverthedurationofajobofthismagnitude;therefore,thiscostanalysisincludesfundstocoverthesetypesofexpenses.3.3.1ContingencyTheactivity-andperiod-dependentcostsarecombinedtodevelopthetotaldecommissioningcost.Acontingencyisthenappliedonaline-itembasis,usingoneormoreofthecontingencytypeslistedintheMF/NE$P-036study."Contingencies"aredefinedintheAmericanAssociationofCostEngineers"ProjectandCostEngineers'Handbook"[201as"specificprovisionforunforeseeableelementsofcostwithinthedefinedprojectscope;particularlyimportantwherepreviousexperiencerelatingestimatesandactualcostshasshownthatunforeseeableeventswhichwillincreasecostsarelikelytooccur."Thecostelementsinthisanalysisarebaseduponidealconditionsandmaximumefficiency;therefore,consistentwithindustrypractice,contingencyisincluded.IntheMF/NESP-036study,thetypesofunforeseeableeventsthatarelikelytooccurindecommissioningarediscussedandguidelinesareprovidedforpercentagecontingencyineachcategory.Itshouldbenotedthatcontingency,asusedinthisanalysis,doesnotaccountforpriceescalationandinflationinthecostofdecommissioningovertheremainingoperatinglifeofthestation.Contingencyfundsareanintegralpartofthetotalcosttocompletethedecommissioningprocess.ExclusionofthiscomponentputsatriskaTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page41of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page4of30successfulcompletionoftheintendedtasksand,potentially,subsequentrelatedactivities.Forthisstudy,TLGexaminedthemajoractivity-relatedproblems(decontamination,segmentation,equipmenthandling,packaging,transport,andwastedisposal)thatnecessitateacontingency.Individualactivitycontingenciesrangedfrom10%to75%,dependingonthedegreeofdifficultyjudgedtobeappropriatefromTLG'sactualdecommissioningexperience.Thecontingencyvaluesusedinthisstudyareasfollows:.Decontamination50%.ContaminatedComponentRemoval25%.ContaminatedComponentPackaging10%.ContaminatedComponentTransport15%.Low-LevelRadioactiveWasteDisposal25%.Low-LevelRadioactiveWasteProcessing15%.ReactorSegmentation75%.NSS$ComponentRemoval25%.ReactorWastePackaging25%.ReactorWasteTransport25%.ReactorVesselComponentDisposal50%.GTCCDisposal15%.Non-RadioactiveComponentRemoval15%.HeavyEquipmentandTooling15%.Supplies25%.Engineering15%SEnergy15%.Insurance,TaxesandFees10%.Staffing15%.CharacterizationandTerminationSurveys30%.Construction15%.SpentFuelStorageSystemLoading/TransferCosts15%.OperationsandMaintenanceExpenses15%Thecontingencyvaluesareappliedtotheappropriatecomponentsoftheestimatesonalineitembasis.Acompositevalueisthenreportedattheendofeachdetailedestimate(asprovidedintheappendices).Forexample,thecompositecontingencyvaluereportedfortheDECONalternativeinAppendixCisapproximately18.9%;thecorrespondingSAF$TORalternativeinAppendixDisapproximately17.2%.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page42of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnaiysisSection3,Page5of303.3.2FinancialRiskInadditiontotheroutineuncertaintiesaddressedbycontingency,anothercostelementthatissometimesnecessarytoconsiderwhenboundingdecommissioningcostsrelatestouncertainty,orrisk.Examplescanincludechangesinworkscope,pricing,jobperformance,andothervariationsthatcouldconceivably,butnotnecessarily,occur.Considerationissometimesnecessarytogeneratealevelofconfidenceintheestimate,withinarangeofprobabilities.TLGconsidersthesetypesofcostsunderthebroadterm"financialrisk."Includedwithinthecategoryoffinancialriskare:.Transitionactivitiesandcosts:ancillaryexpensesassociatedwitheliminating50%to80%ofthesitelaborforceshortlyafterthecessationofplantoperations,addedcostforworkerseparationpackagesthroughoutthedecommissioningprogram,nationalorcompany-mandatedretraining,andretentionincentivesforkeypersonnel.SDelaysinapprovalofthedecommissioningplanduetointervention,publicparticipationinlocalcommunitymeetings,legalchallenges,andnationalandlocalhearings..Changesintheprojectworkscopefromthebaselineestimate,involvingthediscoveryofunexpectedlevelsofcontaminants,contaminationinplacesnotpreviouslyexpected,contaminatedsoilpreviouslyundiscovered(eitherradioactiveorhazardousmaterialcontamination),variationsinplantinventoryorconfigurationnotindicatedbytheas-builtdrawings..Regulatorychanges,forexample,affectingworkerhealthandsafety,sitereleasecriteria,wastetransportation,anddisposal..Policydecisionsalteringnationalcommitments(e.g.,intheabilitytoaccommodatecertainwasteformsfordisposition),orinthetimetableforsuch,forexample,thestartandrateofacceptanceofspentfuelbytheDOE..Pricingchangesforbasicinputssuchaslabor,energy,materials,anddisposal.Itemssubjecttowidespreadpricecompetition(suchasmaterials)maynotshowsignificantvariation;however,otherssuchaswastedisposalcouldexhibitlargepricinguncertainties,particularlyinmarketswherelimitedaccesstoservicesisavailable.Thiscoststudy,however,doesnotaddanyadditionalcoststotheestimateforfinancialrisk,sincethereisinsufficienthistoricaldatafromTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page43of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page6of30whichtoprojectfutureliabilities.Consequently,theareasofuncertaintyorriskarerevisitedperiothcallyandaddressedthroughrepeatedrevisionsorupdatesofthebaseestimates.3.4SITE-SPECIFICCONSIDERATIONSThereareanumberofsite-specificconsiderationsthataffectthemethodfordismantlingandremovalofequipmentfromthesiteandthedegreeofrestorationrequired.Thecostimpactoftheconsiderationsidentifiedbelowisincludedinthiscoststudy.3.4.1SpentFuelManagementThecosttodisposethespentfuelgeneratedfromplantoperationsisnotreflectedwithintheestimatestodecommissionCallaway.UltimatedispositionofthespentfueliswithintheprovinceoftheDOE'sWasteManagementSystem,asdefinedbytheNuclearWastePolicyAct.Assuch,thedisposalcostisfinancedbya1milllkWhrsurchargepaidintotheDOE'swastefundduringoperations.However,theNRCrequireslicenseestoestablishaprogramtomanageandprovidefundingforthemanagementofallirradiatedfuelatthereactoruntiltitleofthefuelistransferredtotheSecretaryofEnergy.Thisfundingrequirementisfulfilledthroughinclusionofcertainhigh-levelwastecostelementswithintheestimates,asdescribedbelow.Forestimatingpurposes,AmerenMissourihasassumedthatallspentfuelwillberelocatedtoanISFSIontheCallawaysitewithinfiveandone-halfyearsaftershutdown.ThiswillallowAmerenMissouritoproceedwithdecommissioning(orsafe-storage)operationsintheshortesttimepossible.Itisassumedthatthefiveandone-halfyearsprovidesthenecessarycoolingperiodforthefinalcoretomeetstoragerequirementsfordecayheat.Oncethepoolisemptied,thespentfuelstorageandhandlingfacilitiesareavailablefordecommissioning.Operationandmaintenancecostsforthespentfuelpoolareincludedwithintheestimate.CanisterLoadingandTransferTheestimatesincludethecostforthelaborandequipmenttoloadandtransferthespentfuelassembliesprojectedtoresideinthepoolatthecessationofplantoperations.Thecapitalcostassociatedwiththedrystoragesystemisnotincludedintheestimates.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page44of173CallawayEnergyCenter*DocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page7of30OperationsandMaintenanceTheestimatesincludethecostofoperatingandmaintainingthespentfuelpoolforapproximatelyfiveandonehalfyearsafterthecessationofoperations.Itisassumedthatthefiveandone-halfyearsprovidesthenecessarycoolingperiodforthefinalcoretomeetthedrycaskstoragevendor'ssystem.GTCCThedismantlingofthereactorinternalsisexpectedtogenerateradioactivewasteconsideredunsuitableforshallowlanddisposal(i.e.,low-levelrathoactivewastewithconcentrationsofrathonuclidesthatexceedthelimitsestablishedbytheNRCforClassCrathoactivewaste(GTCC)).TheLow-LevelRadioactiveWastePolicyAmendmentsActof1985assignedthefederalgovernmenttheresponsibilityforthedisposalofthismaterial.TheActalsostatedthatthebeneficiariesoftheactivitiesresultinginthegenerationofsuchradioactivewastebearallreasonablecostsofdisposingofsuchwaste.AlthoughtheDOEisresponsiblefordisposingofGTCCwaste,anycostsforthatservicehavenotbeendetermined.Forpurposesofthisestimate,theGTCCradioactivewastehasbeenassumedtobepackagedinthesamecanistersusedtostorespentfuelanddisposedofashigh-levelwaste,atacostequivalenttothatenvisionedforthespentfuel.ThenumberofcanistersrequiredandthepackagedvolumeforGTCCwasbaseduponexperienceatMaineYankee(e.g.,thepayloadconstraintsasidentifiedinthecanister'scertificateofcompliance).ItisassumedthattheDOEwouldnotacceptthiswastepriortocompletingthetransferofspentfuel.Therefore,untilsuchtimetheDOEisreadytoacceptGTCCwaste,itisassumedthatthismaterialwouldremaininstorageatthesite(fortheDECONalternative).IntheSAFSTORscenario,theGTCCmaterialisshippeddirectlytoaDOEfacilityasitisgeneratedsincethefuelhasbeenremovedfromthesitepriortothestartofdecommissioning.3.4.2ReactorVesselandInternalComponentsThereactorpressurevesselandinternalcomponentsaresegmentedfordisposalinshielded,reusabletransportationcasks.Segmentationisperformedintherefuelingcanal,whereaturntableandremotecutterareinstalled.Thevesselissegmentedinplace,usingamast-mountedcuttersupportedoffthelowerheadandthrectedfromashieldedworkTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page45of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page8of30platforminstalledoverheadinthereactorcavity.Transportationcaskspecificationsandtransportationregulationsdictatethesegmentationandpackagingmethodology.Intactdisposalofreactorvesselshellshasbeensuccessfullydemonstratedatseveralofthesitescurrentlybeingdecommissioned.AccesstonavigablewaterwayshasallowedtheselargepackagestobetransportedtotheBarnwell,SouthCarolinaandHanford,Washingtondisposalsiteswithminimaloverlandtravel.Intactdisposalofthereactorvesselandinternalcomponentscanprovidesavingsincostandworkerexposurebyeliminatingthecomplexsegmentationrequirements,isolationoftheGTCCmaterial,andtransport/storageoftheresultingwastepackages.PortlandGeneralElectric(PGE)wasabletodisposeoftheTrojanreactorasanintactpackage(includingtheinternals).However,itslocationontheColumbiaRiversimplifiedthetransportationanalysissince:.thereactorpackagecouldbesecuredtothetransportvehiclefortheentirejourney,i.e.,thepackagewasnotliftedduringtransport,.therewerenoman-madeornaturalterrainfeaturesbetweentheplantsiteandthedisposallocationthatcouldproducealargedrop,and.transportspeedswereverylow,limitedbytheoverlandtransportvehicleandtheriverbarge.AsamemberoftheNorthwestCompact,PGEhadasiteavailablefordisposalofthepackage-theUSEcologyfacilityinWashingtonState.Thecharacteristicsofthisaridsiteprovedfavorableindemonstratingcompliancewithlanddisposalregulations.ItisnotknownwhetherthisoptionwillbeavailablewhentheCallawayceasesoperation.Futureviabilityofthisoptionwilldependupontheultimatelocationofthedisposalsite,aswellasthedisposalsitelicensee'sabilitytoaccepthighlyradioactivepackagesandeffectivelyisolatethemfromtheenvironment.Consequently,thestudyassumesthereactorvesselwillrequiresegmentation,asaboundingcondition.3.4.3PrimarySystemComponentsIntheDECONscenario,thereactorcoolantsystemcomponentsareassumedtobedecontaminatedusingchemicalagentspriortothestartTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page46of173CaflawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page9of30ofdismantlingoperations.ThistypeofdecontaminationcanbeexpectedtohaveasignificantALARAimpact,sinceinthisscenariotheremovalworkisdonewithinthefirstfewyearsofshutdown.Adecontaminationfactor(averagereduction)of10isassumedfortheprocess.Inthe$AFSTORscenario,rathonuclidedecayisexpectedtoprovidethesamebenefitand,therefore,achemicaldecontaminationisnotincluded.Thefollowingdiscussiondealswiththeremovalanddispositionofthesteamgenerators,butthetechniquesinvolvedarealsoapplicabletootherlargecomponents,suchasheatexchangers,componentcoolers,andthepressurizer.Thesteamgenerators'sizeandweight,aswellastheirlocationwithinthereactorbuilding,willultimatelydeterminetheremovalstrategy.Atrolleycraneissetupfortheremovalofthegenerators.Itcanalsobeusedtomoveportionsofthesteamgeneratorcubiclewallsandfloorslabsfromthereactorbuildingtoalocationwheretheycanbedecontaminatedandtransportedtothematerialhandlingarea.Interferenceswithintheworkarea,suchasgrating,piping,andothercomponentsareremovedtocreatesufficientlaydownspaceforprocessingtheselargecomponents.Thegeneratorsareriggedforremoval,disconnectedfromthesurroundingpipingandsupports,andmaneuveredintotheopenareawheretheyareloweredontoadolly.Eachgeneratorisrotatedintothehorizontalpositionforextractionfromthecontainmentandplacedontoamulti-wheeledvehiclefortransporttoanon-siteprocessingandstoragearea.Thegeneratorsaredisassembledon-sitewiththesteamdomeandlightlycontaminatedsubassembliesdesignatedforoff-siterecycling.Themorehighlycontaminatedtubesheetandtubebundlearepackagedfordirectdisposal.Theinteriorvolumeisfilledwithlow-densitycellularconcreteforstabilizationoftheinternalcontamination.Reactorcoolantpipingiscutfromthereactorvesseloncethewaterlevelinthevessel(usedforpersonnelshielthngduringdismantlingandcuttingoperationsinandaroundthevessel)isdroppedbelowthenozzlezone.Thepipingisboxedandtransportedbyshieldedvan.Thereactorcoolantpumpsandmotorsareliftedoutintact,packaged,andtransportedforprocessingand/ordisposal.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page47of173CafluwayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page10of303.4.4RetiredComponentsTheestimateincludesthecosttodisposeoffourretiredsteamgeneratorsexpectedtobeinstorageatthesiteuponthecessationofplantoperations.Thecomponentsareprocessedfordisposalinthesamemannerasdescribedfortheinstalledunits.Aretiredreactorclosurehead,withservicestructure,isalsoincludedinthedecommissioningwasteinventory.Thecomponentiscurrentlystoredinthesteamgeneratorstoragefacility.3.4.5MainTurbineandCondenserThemainturbineisdismantledusingconventionalmaintenanceprocedures.Theturbinerotorsandshaftsareremovedtoalaydownarea.Thelowerturbinecasingsareremovedfromtheiranchorsbycontrolleddemolition.Themaincondensersarealsodisassembledandmovedtoalaydownarea.Materialisthenpreparedfortransportationtoanoff-siterecyclingfacilitywhereitissurveyedanddesignatedforeitherdecontaminationorvolumereduction,conventionaldisposal,orcontrolleddisposal.Componentsarepackagedandreadiedfortransportinaccordancewiththeintendeddisposition.3.4.6TransportationMethodsContaminatedpiping,components,andstructuralmaterialotherthanthehighlyactivatedreactorvesselandinternalcomponentswillqualifyasL$A-I,IIorIIIorSurfaceContaminatedObject,$CO-IorII,asdescribedinTitle49,[21]ThecontaminatedmaterialwillbepackagedinIndustrialPackages(IP-1,IP-2,orIP-3,asdefinedinsubpart173.411)fortransportunlessdemonstratedtoqualifyastheirownshippingcontainers.ThereactorvesselandinternalcomponentsareexpectedtobetransportedinaccordancewithPart71,asTypeB.Itisconceivablethatthereactor,duetoitslimitedspecificactivity,couldqualifyasLSAIIorIII.However,thehighradiationlevelsontheoutersurfacewouldrequirethatadditionalshieldingbeincorporatedwithinthepackagingsoastoattenuatethedosetolevelsacceptablefortransport.Anyfuelcladdingfailurethatoccurredduringthelifetimeoftheplantisassumedtohavereleasedfissionproductsatsufficientlylowlevelsthatthebuildupofquantitiesoflong-livedisotopes(e.g.,'7Cs,905r,ortransuranics)hasbeenpreventedfromreachinglevelsexceedingthoseTLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page48of173CaflawayEnergyCenter.DocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page11of30thatpermitthemajorreactorcomponentstobeshippedundercurrenttransportationregulationsanddisposalrequirements.Transportofthehighlyactivatedmetal,producedinthesegmentationofthereactorvesselandinternalcomponents,willbebyshieldedtruckcask.Caskshipmentsmayexceed95,000pounds,includingvesselsegment(s),supplementaryshielding,casktie-downs,andtractor-trailer.Themaximumlevelofactivitypershipmentassumedpermissiblewasbaseduponthelicenselimitsoftheavailableshieldedtransportcasks.Thesegmentationschemeforthevesselandinternalsegmentsisdesignedtomeettheselimits.Thetransportoflargeintactcomponents(e.g.,largeheatexchangersandotheroversizedcomponents)willbebyacombinationoftruck,rail,and/ormulti-wheeledtransporter.TransportationcostsforClassAradioactivematerialrequiringcontrolleddisposalarebaseduponthemileagetotheEnergy$olutionsfacilityinOlive,Utah.TransportationcostsforthehigheractivityClassBandCradioactivematerialarebaseduponthemileagetotheWCSfacilityinAndrewsCounty,Texas.ThetransportationcostfortheGTCCmaterialisassumedtobecontainedwithinthedisposalcost.Transportationcostsforoff-sitewasteprocessingarebaseduponthemileagetoOakRidge,Tennessee.TrucktransportcostsweredevelopedfrompublishedtariffsfromTn-StateMotorTransit.[22]3.4.7Low-LevelRathoactiveWasteDisposalTothegreatestextentpractical,metallicmaterialgeneratedinthedecontaminationanddismantlingprocessesisprocessedtoreducethetotalcostofcontrolleddisposal.Materialmeetingtheregulatoryandlorsitereleasecriterion,isreleasedasscrap,requiringnofurthercostconsideration.Conditioning(jreparingthematerialtomeetthewasteacceptancecriteriaofthedisposalsite)andrecoveryofthewastestreamisperformedoffsiteatalicensedprocessingcenter.Anymaterialleavingthesiteissubjecttoasurveyandreleasecharge,ataminimum.Themassofradioactivewastegeneratedduringthevariousdecommissioningactivitiesatthesiteisshownonaline-itembasisintheappendicesandsummarizedinSection5(basecase).Thequantifiedwastesummariesshowninthesetablesareconsistentwith10CFRPart61classifications.Commerciallyavailablesteelcontainersarepresumedtobeusedforthedisposalofpiping,smallcomponents,andconcrete.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page49of173CallawayEnergyCenterDocumentA22-1690-.OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page12of30Largercomponentscanserveastheirowncontainers,withproperclosureofallopenings,accessways,andpenetrations.Thevolumesarecalculatedbasedontheexteriorpackagedimensionsforcontainerizedmaterialoraspecificcalculationforcomponentsservingastheirownwastecontainers.Themorehighlyactivatedreactorcomponentswillbeshippedinreusable,shieldedtruckcaskswithdisposableliners.Incalculatingdisposalcosts,theburialfeesareappliedagainstthelinervolume,aswellasthespecialhandlingrequirementsofthepayload.Packagingefficienciesarelowerforthehighlyactivatedmaterials(greaterthanTypeAquantitywaste),wherehighconcentrationsofgamma-emittingrathonuclideslimitthecapacityoftheshippingcanisters.ThecosttodisposeofthelowestlevelwasteandthemajorityofthematerialgeneratedfromthedecontaminationanddismantlingactivitiesisbaseduponthecurrentcostfordisposalatEnergy$olutionsfacilityinClive,Utah.Disposalcostsforthehigheractivitywaste(ClassBandC)werebaseduponAmerenMissouri'scurrentagreementwithWCSfortheAndrewsCountyfacility.3.4.8SiteConditionsFollowingDecommissioningTheNRCwillterminatethesitelicensewhenitdeterminesthatsiteremediationhasbeenperformedinaccordancewiththelicenseterminationplan,andthattheterminalradiationsurveyandassociateddocumentationdemonstratethatthefacilityissuitableforrelease.TheNRC'sinvolvementinthedecommissioningprocesswillendatthispoint.Localbuildingcodesandstateenvironmentalregulationswilldictatethenextstepinthedecommissioningprocess,aswellastheowner'sownfutureplansforthesite.Theestimatespresentedhereinincludethedismantlingofthemajorstructurestojustbelowgroundlevel,backfillingandthecollapsingofbelowgradevoids,andregradingsuchthatthesiteuponwhichthepowerblockandsupplementalstructuresarelocatedistransformedintoa"grassyplain."Theexistingelectricalswitchyardandaccessroadswillremaininsupportoftheelectricaltransmissionanddistributionsystem.Siterestorationdoesnotincludetheremethationofthewatertreatmentplant'ssettlingbasins,ifrequired.TLGServices,Inc.

ULNRC-06349Enclosure3Page50of173CaflawayEnergyCenter.DocumentA22-1690-OO1,Rev.0DecommissioningCostAnalysisSection3,Page13of30SludgeremovedfromthesewagetreatmentplantlagoonwasassumedtocontainlowlevelsofcontaminationthatwouldrequirecontrolleddisposaLAssuch,3,600cubicfeetofmaterialfromthelagoonwasdesignatedfordispositionatEnergy$olutions'facility.Theexistingandreplacementcoolingtowerdischargepipeswillbeleftinplaceandflowfilledwithsuitablematerialtopreventthepipesfromcollapsing.Theintakelinewillalsobefilled.Theestimatesdonotassumetheremediationofanysignificantvolumeofcontaminatedsoil.Thisassumptionmaybeaffectedbycontinuedplantoperationsand/orfutureregulatoryactions,suchasthedevelopmentofsite-specificreleasecriteria.3.5ASSUMPTIONSThefollowingarethemajorassumptionsmadeinthedevelopmentoftheestimatesfordecommissioningthesite.3.5.1EstimatingBasisDecommissioningcostsarereportedintheyearofprojectedexpenditure;however,thevaluesareprovidedin2014dollars.Costsarenotinflated,escalated,ordiscountedovertheperiodsofperformance.Theestimatesrelyuponthephysicalplantinventorythatwasthebasisforthe2011analysis.ThestudyfollowstheprinciplesofALARAthroughtheuseofworkdurationadjustmentfactors.Thesefactorsaddresstheimpactofactivitiessuchasradiologicalprotectioninstruction,mock-uptraining,andtheuseofrespiratoryprotectionandprotectiveclothing.Thefactorslengthenatask'sduration,increasingcostsandlengtheningtheoverallschedule.ALARAplanningisconsideredinthecostsforengineeringandplanning,andinthedevelopmentofactivityspecificationsanddetailedprocedures.Changestoworkerexposurelimitsmayimpactthedecommissioningcostandprojectschedule.3.5.2LaborCostsAmerenMissouri,astheoperator,willcontinuetoprovidesiteoperationssupport,incluthngdecommissioningprogrammanagement,licensing,radiologicalprotection,andsitesecurity.ADecommissioningTLGServices,Inc.