ML12090A522

Entergy Pre-Filed Hearing Exhibit ENT00320A, Haverstraw Water Supply Project Water Supply Permit Application. Part a

ML12090A522
Person / Time
Site:	Indian Point
Issue date:	12/31/2011
From:	AKRF, CDM, United Water New York
To:	Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, State of NY, Dept of Environmental Conservation
SECY RAS
Shared Package
ML12090A520	List: ML12090A521 ML12090A522 ML12090A523 ML12090A524 ML12090A525 ML12090A526 ML12090A527 ML12090A528
References
RAS 22146, 50-247-LR, 50-286-LR, ASLBP 07-858-03-LR-BD01
Download: ML12090A522 (205)

Text

HAVERSTRAWWATERSUPPLYPROJECTWATERSUPPLYPERMITAPPLICATIONCOPIESFORPUBLICREVIEW-CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONEXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTSREMOVEDSUBMITTEDTO:NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDivisionofEnvironmentalPermits625Broadway,4thFloorAlbany,NewYork12233-1750SUBMITTEDBY:UNITEDWATERNEWYORKINC.

360WestNyackRoadWestNyack,NewYork10994PREPAREDBY:AKRF,Inc.

440ParkAvenueSouthNewYork,NewYork10016 CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWestWoodbury,NY11797December2011OriginallysubmittedOctober2011 ENT00320A Submitted: March 29, 2012

EnvironmentalandPlanningConsultants440ParkAvenueSouth7thFloorNewYork,NY10016 tel:212696-0670fax:212213-3191www.akrf.comAKRF,Inc.NewYorkCityHudsonValleyRegionLongIslandBaltimore/WashingtonAreaNewJerseyConnecticut MemorandumTo:ChristopherM.Hogan,DivisionofEnvironmentalPermitsFrom:MaureenHeimbuchDate:December9,2011Re:RevisionstoUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.'sWaterSupplyApplicationfortheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectcc:S.Master,M.Pointing,andJ.Dillon,Esq.,UWNY;R.Newell,NYSDOS;R.Alessi,Esq.,D&L;K.Kelly,K.Smith,andN.Vignola-Henry,CDM;J.CowingandJ.Feingold,AKRFTheUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)WaterSupplyApplicationfortheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenrevisedtoreflectthenewlocationfortheintakestructure.Enclosedisa copyofthisapplicationcontainingrevisedpages.Theserevisedpagesincludethefollowing:Section1:-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1forPublicWaterSupplyPermitformSection2:-PagesB-2andB-5Section3:-PagesC.1-2,C.1-3,C.2-2,C.2-8,C.2-28,andC.2-33Section4:-RedactedversionsofFiguresD-5aandD-5bSection5:-Pages1-1through1-10Section6:-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1forPublicWaterSupplyPermitform

-FiguresD-5aandD-5b ChristopherM.Hogan 2December9,2011AlsoenclosedisaCDcontainingthreefiles:therevisedWaterSupplyApplication,theredactedversionofthisrevisedapplication,andaversionoftheapplicationshowingthespecificchangesthathavebeenmade.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasecontactmeat646-388-6659ormheimbuch@akrf.com

.MaureenHeimbuch SameetM aProjectMUNITED W700Kinde rOradell,N JTEL201-6 3FAX201-2Sameet.M aWWW.UNI TOctoberMs.And r DivisionNewYo r625Broa dAlbany, NReferen cDearMs United WSupply A NYCRRspecific i l)Nprov e T H 1 G (8 L Jo 2)N i n A U 3 W C (8 asteranager WATER rkamackRoad J07649 34-423225-5125 aster@united w TEDWATER.C O 5,2011 reaSheeranofEnviron m rkStateDe p dway,4thFl.

NY12233-1 7 ce:UniteHave r6NY C.Sheeran: WaterNew Y ApplicationPart601("P information:

Nameandlo c enecessary:

TownofHa v Haverstraw TRosmanR o Garnerville, N 845)429-22 0 Localnewsp JournalNew s Names,title s n cluding: Applicant UnitedWate r60WestNy WestNyack, Contact:Sa m 845)620-33 0 water.com O M mentalPerm partmentof E 7 50 edWaterN e rstrawWa t CRRPart 6 YorkInc.("Uforthepro p PublicWat e cationofas u verstraw TownHall o ad NewYork1 0 0 0aperofrec s.s,mailing a rNewYorkackRoadNewYork 1 meetMaster, 00,ext.423 2 its Environmen t ewYorkIn c terSupply P 601Water S UWNY")r e posedHave r erSupply")p uitableplac e 0923ord(publis h addresses, aInc.10994P.E.2 talConserv a c.P roject SupplyPer m espectfully s rstrawWat e p ermitting p einwhicht o heddaily)i andphone a tion mitApplica t submitsthre erSupplyP r process,ple a oholdapub l istheRoc knumberso f t ione(3)signe d roject.Asr asenotethe f lichearing s klandCoun t fotherco n dcopiesof Wequiredbyfollowingp r shouldo n tyedition o ncernedoff i Waterthe6 r oject n e ofthe icials, SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoad Oradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMApplicant'sAttorneyDewey&LeBoeuf,LLP99WashingtonAvenue,Suite2020Albany,NewYork12210Contact:RobertAlessi,Partner(518)626-9000Applicant'sEngineer CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWest,Suite340Woodbury,NY11797Contact:KeithKelly (516)496-8400Applicant'sPermittingConsultantAKRF,Inc.440ParkAvenueSouth,7thFloor NewYork,NY10016Contact:MaureenHeimbuch(646)388-9659MunicipalityChiefExecutiveOfficerTownofHaverstraw1RosmanRoadGarnerville,NewYork10923Contact:HonorableHowardT.Phillips,Jr.,Supervisor(845)429-2200NewYorkStateDepartmentofStateDivisionofCoastalResources41StateStreetAlbany,NewYork12231-0001Contact:JeffreyZappieri,CoastalResourcesSpecialist (518)473-2476NewYorkStateOfficeofGeneralServicesEmpireStatePlazaCorningTowerAlbany,NewYorkContact:RichardBennett,RealEstateOfficer (518)473-1288NewYorkStateDepartmentofPublicServiceEmpireStatePlazaAgencyBuilding3Albany,NewYork12223 Contact:JamesAustin,DeputyDirector, SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoad Oradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMOfficeofEnergyEfficiencyandtheEnvironment(518)473-46353)Listofmaterialsandexhibits:WaterSupplyPermitApplication,SupplementW-1ExhibitA:WaterConservationProgramFormExhibitB:SummaryofPermitApplicationRequirements(§601.5)ProjectJustificationExhibitC:ProjectDescriptionandProjectPurposeC.1DescriptionofProjectandWaterTreatmentProcessC.2PurposeandNeedfortheProjectExhibitD:GeneralServiceAreaandProjectLocationMapsExhibitE:Engineer'sReportUnitedWaterisrequestingthatcertaininformationintheWaterSupplyApplicationbeexceptedfromdisclosureundertheFreedomofInformationLaw("FOIL,"Article6oftheNewYorkPublicOfficersLaw["POL"])becausetheycontaincriticalinfrastructureinformation.POL§87(2)(f)providesthatifthedisclosureofadocument"couldendangerthelifeorsafetyofanyperson,"thatdocumentmaybeexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL.Morespecifically,POL§89(5)(a)(1-a)and6NYCRR§616.7providethatdocumentscontainingcriticalinfrastructureinformationareexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL."Criticalinfrastructure"isdefinedas"systems,assets,placesorthings,whetherphysicalorvirtual,sovitaltothestatethatthedisruption,incapacitationordestructionofsuchsystems,assets,placesorthingscouldjeopardizethehealth,safety,welfare,orsecurityofthestate,itsresidentsoritseconomy."6 NYCRR§616.7(c)(2)(i)(c).UnitedWaterisrequestingthatthefollowingportionsoftheWaterSupplyApplicationbeconsideredcriticalinfrastructureinformationandexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL:Section1-WaterSupplyApplicationSupplementW-1.ThisportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationcontainsinformationonthepreciselocationoftheproposedintakefortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject.Thisinformation,whichisnototherwisepubliclyavailable,couldbeusedtodisrupt,incapacitate,ordamagetheHaverstraw WaterSupplyProjectandthepublicwatersupplyitwillfurnish,therebyjeopardizingthehealth,safety,welfare,andsecurityofNewYorkState'sresidentsandeconomy.Accordingly,thisportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationrepresentscriticalinfrastructureinformationexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOIL.

See6NYCRR§616.7(c)(2)(i)(c);seealso,NYSDECFOILAppealDeterminationno.04-18-3A(JohnV.Tait),datedNovember10,2004("Therecordson SameetMasterProjectManagerUNITEDWATER700KinderkamackRoad Oradell,NJ07649 TEL201-634-4232FAX201-225-5125Sameet.Master@unitedwater.com WWW.UNITEDWATER.COMcriticalinfrastructurethatarebeingwithheldprovidemoredetailedinformationrelatingtovariousaspects(suchasphysicalstructure,location,etc.)ofthesevitaltransportationandcommunicationlinksthanwhatiscurrentlyavailablethroughothermeans,and,consistentwiththeDepartment'sresponsibilitytoprotectthepublicsecurityandsafetyofthestateanditsresidents,thisinformationisnotbeingreleased.")(citingStronzav.Hoke,148A.D.2d900,(3dDep't1989);Flowersv.Sullivan,149A.D.2d287(2dDep't1989)).TheportionoftheWaterSupplyApplicationthatcontainscriticalinfrastructureinformationexceptedfromdisclosureunderFOILhasbeenredactedandthepagehasbeenmarkedwiththedesignation:CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONREDACTED.Aseparatesection,Section6,hasbeenaddedtotheWaterSupplyApplicationbinder;Section6includestheun-redactedpagecontainingthecriticalinfrastructureinformation,whichhaveeachbeenlabeled:CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATION--EXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTS.WewillcontinuetocopyyourofficeonallcorrespondencewithotheragenciesassociatedwiththeHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectapprovalprocess.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorwouldliketoarrangeanupdatemeetingpleasecallmeat(201)634-4232oryoucane-mailmeatSameet.Master@UnitedWater.com

.Respectfullysubmitted,SameetMaster,P.E.ProjectManagercc:M.PointingandJ.Dillon,Esq.,UWNYR.Newell,NYSDOSS.Jensen,USACER.Alessi,Esq.,D&LM.Heimbuch,J.Cowing,andJ.Feingold,AKRFK.Kelly,K.Smith,andN.Vignola-Henry,CDM

HAVERSTRAWWATERSUPPLYPROJECTWATERSUPPLYPERMITAPPLICATIONCOPIESFORPUBLICREVIEW-CRITICALINFRASTRUCTUREINFORMATIONEXEMPTFROMFREEDOMOFINFORMATIONREQUESTSREMOVEDSUBMITTEDTO:NewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservationDivisionofEnvironmentalPermits625Broadway,4thFloorAlbany,NewYork12233-1750SUBMITTEDBY:UNITEDWATERNEWYORKINC.

360WestNyackRoadWestNyack,NewYork10994PREPAREDBY:AKRF,Inc.

440ParkAvenueSouthNewYork,NewYork10016 CDM60CrosswaysParkDriveWestWoodbury,NY11797December2011OriginallysubmittedOctober2011

~&'(&

!!"#!$%&()*"+,-/

%#!30#56+* &7 82 7&872

Section1Section1ExhibitA:WaterSupplyPermitApplication, SupplementW-1

RevisedDecember2011

~ ~! ~"#"$$%%%&&)&$'$#,+~'$*~&#'/010!"#$%~ (~"&)"45"4~("4# (~~(#*#*#'*'))*+~*,*#)**+*-~#~3'~()3%~ 03#./%!/&!&&/0'%#-~#6&/8(%~~#~ ' ~~('7&8*'97:1~~(';&<*'<;;1~~('=&=*'97=1~~('9<&>*'

1. (~)~(>=93(~)+++++)+++++)9;);))

)@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%'~AA %A"'?!<<!!AB./%)B)51~1?35(C521%'C1%C35%3C5%3

1. (~)&@@@@@@@@@%AA3## )3'/

@@@@@@@?~ %. %$F

..)@@8'2C2~'22"@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%'~"A<~%AB~%A6E~./%%+<%'%C52C~%1'2%C'?C%'%?'~'1%?3%2

1. (~)%~ '!3##)~()##(*'!3'~6@@@@@%~)@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@=@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%'~A"A$A>3!3!~663'#~'./%'~"">H2>H#<H

1. (~)%@@@@@%@@@@%@@@@@%&~@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%++++&@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@%++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++'~"A"~AA.7A<./%.!/0"D>I#

~ !%&'()!*,-(/,-).00 /$))2~*2$-42)2352!/$).%((($)/.&&45(470*,."0.).%/#().%.$.8"2)/('(2.82)/".9.82)).7-.)/.0 *0~*5&42)2352!)47. 2.)37)54,:+/((~-37)5;0:

$4"((!"#$,<.~<=!/(/,,

%/%),,%/

%&$4.44&~!%&!""<(5

..(.-(~('(!.<./(!.0

(!(-~-!(/(/((<(((((".0/<(.0/<58/</(

.0/<(8,~<8,

!.

2#</</<8,/~/<(>(0<8,$))3$),(#

"<(<(-~-!>(

(~./!/

8,

<%&+,

(.<8 4-+.&/-&'((-,(#!12!*@2).8/(8-.7/&%$.<"//>

.A('(2/

"".0/&5/* &40/</??/>.!"!#$%&6<

~C0!C0(C0&&"C0(..&-C$))3.<C0>!"/@

&4!/$))5!.!'&2//<""//

.9$))5/<(+(./(-=

(?($))5/()"<.6//B 7(.0((7!118**0&&4.E('($))%/<5~).((<-

.

%*.<(("/.

~="&-~(63(#! <!!<""&'-B#!$#%=#!~*&#*=#%( # $'!$! !=====+!!!-.!!%!#0'!$====&!+!##4 1-.===.*'&. &! !( 1.-4==.-4 1##====~& 12324~3456 #77126$!0#+<===0#-:& 716=9

&( ~ &~1 ~!( 117! ~&-!#~$ /~ /~ .:%.$!~!~=%!~ 1!~=-8.!~%.6~=.654= 1/?)##.*==<!!<""&'

Section2Section2ExhibitB:SummaryofPermitApplication Requirements(§601.5)

~ ~!""%&" # %()*+,-./01&%2' 2! '# %(

B-1PublicWaterSupplyPermitApplication(6NYCRRPart601)ProposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectEXHIBITBThisexhibitsummarizesthedocumentationprovidedfortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectconsistentwiththerequirementsoutlinedin6NYCRRPart601.5SupplyApplications.(a)ProjectAuthorization.UnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)isapublicutilityorganizedundertheNewYorkStateTransportationCorporationsLawanditsservicesandratesareregulatedbytheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSCUWNYtoincreasingtheaveragewatersupplyforRocklandCountybyatotalof1.5milliongallonsperday(mgd)andthepeaksupplybyatotalof7.1mgdbytheendof2015.Beyond2015,UWNYagreedunderthe2006and2010RateOrderstoproceedwithpreparationofmaterialsforalong-termmajorwatersupplyproject(i.ethatUWNYwillbuildandoperate.Asaresult,UWNYinitiatedtheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject,andtheappropriateUWNYmanagementhasauthorizedtheprojecttoproceedwiththenecessarypermits andapprovals.The2006and2010RateOrdersarepubliclyavailableandcan beaccessedonthewebsite.1(b)GeneralMap.MapsshowingtheextentoftheUWNYserviceareainRocklandCountyandthelocationoftheproposedwatertreatmentplantfacilitiesareprovidedinExhibitD.Theexistingserviceareaboundaryandlocationofwatersystemcomponents,includingpressuredistricts,systemwells,reservoirs, operatingandemergencyinterconnections,areshowninFiguresD-1andD-2.FigureD-3showsthewatersystemfacilitieswithineachpressuredistrict.ThelocationoftheProposedProject,includingwaterintakesite,watertreatmentplantsite,andtransmissionanddistributionmains,areshowninFiguresD-4,D-5a,D-5b,andD-6.InformationregardingthelocationsofseweroutfallsorotherpotentialsourcesofcontaminationofthewatersupplyisprovidedinTechnicalMemorandum#SW-1,SourceWaterandReceivingWaterAnalysis

,July2,2010(seeAppendixCinExhibitE).TheHaverstrawWaterSupply 12006RateOrder:http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterSeq=22633http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterSeq=229972010RateOrder:http://documents.dps.state.ny.us/public/MatterManagement/CaseMaster.aspx?MatterCaseNo=09-W-0731)

B-2Projectisproposedinordertomeetthelong-termwatersupplyneedsintheservicearea.TheProposedProjectwouldnotresultinanychangetoUWNYservicearea.(c)WatershedMap.Amapshowingtheaffectedwatershed,includingthelocationoftheproposedwatertreatmentplantfacilities,isprovidedasFigureD-9 inExhibitD.(d)Profiles.Preliminaryplansoftheproposedfacilitieswillbeincludedinthe50%DesignReportexpectedtobeprovidedinFebruary2012.FinaldesignoftheproposedfacilitiesissubjecttotheapprovaloftheNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth(NYSDOH)andwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.(e)ContractPlansandSpecifications.Preliminaryplansoftheproposedfacilitieswillbeincludedinthe50%DesignReportexpectedtobeprovidedinFebruary2012.FinaldesignoftheproposedfacilitiesissubjecttotheapprovaloftheNYSDOHandwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.(f).ExhibitE.(g)AcquisitionMap.TheProposedProjectrequiresacquisitionofthefollowingparcels:-WaterTreatmentPlantSiteConsistsofportionsoffourtaxparcelscurrentlyownedbytheTownofHaverstraw(taxparcelnumbers20.16 1,20.16-2-2.1,20.16-2-2.2,20.16-2-5)andtheentiretyofaprivately ownedparcel(taxparcelnumber20.16-2-6).SeeFigureD-5ainExhibit D.-IntakeSiteUplandareasconsistofacquisitionofaportionofonetaxparcelcurrentlyownedbyU.S.Gypsum(USG)(taxparcelnumber21.09-2-1)andanaccesseasementprovidingconnectiontoBeachRoad.The intakepiperequireseasementswithinunderwaterlandsintheHudson River,including:121.09-2-1;2WaterGrantarea;and3)additionalunderwaterlandsunderthe jurisdictionoftheNewYorkStateOfficeofGeneralServices(NYSOGS).

SeeFigureD-5b inExhibitD.AnapplicationforacquisitionofarealpropertyinterestinlandsunderwaterhasbeenfiledwiththeNYSOGSon October31,2008.(h)CostEstimate.Table1belowprovidesapreliminarycostestimatefortheproposedproject.FurthercostestimateswillbepreparedandwillbeprovidedwhensubmittedtotheNYSDOH.RevisedDecember2011 B-3Table1CostEstimatebyProjectPhaseCostPhase1Phase2Phase3TotalCapitalCosts(millions)$97.2to$144.8$16.7to$16.9$25.2to$27.8$139.2to$189.3Note:Allamountsareshownas2010dollars.(i)WaterAnalysis.ReviewofHudsonRiverwaterqualitydatacollectedfortheProposedProjectinthevicinityoftheproposedlocationintakestructureindicatesthatthequalityoftheHudsonRivermakesitasuitablesourceofdrinkingwaterwithtreatment.TheresultsofnumericalhydrodynamicmodelingconductedfortheProposedProjectindicatethatpointandnon-pointdischargestotheHudsonRiverwithina25-mileradiusoftheintakestructurewouldnotadverselyaffectthesuitabilityoftheHudsonRiverasawatersupplysource.Similarly,theresultsofmodelingwithdrawalofHudsonRiverwaterattheintakestructure,dischargeofreverseosmosis(RO)concentratethroughtheJointRegionalSewageTreatmentPlant(JRSTP)effluentoutfall,andthedischargeofotherresidualwastestreamstotheJRSTPfortreatmentand,ultimately,fordischargetotheHudsonRiverwouldnotadverselyaffectthequalityoftheHudsonRiverwater.Detailedwaterqualityinformation,includinghistoricalHudsonRiverwaterqualitydata(20072008)andrawwaterqualitydatacollectedaspartoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectPilotStudyoperations (ExhibitE,AppendixB

).(j)TreatmentMethods.ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatiblewiththeotherwaterinUWNYCountysystem.Thiswouldprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswater qualityparametersofconcern,toallowthefinishedwatertomeetorexceedall applicabledrinkingwaterstandards.Thepotentialwatertreatmentprocessthat maybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,would includethefollowing(seealsoExhibitC.1

):-Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval

-Filtration

-RO-Removaloforganiccontaminants

-Post-treatment

-FinishedwaterstorageandpumpingTheproposedtreatmentprocesswouldremovevariouscontaminantsfromtheraw watersothatthefinishedwaterdeliveredtothedistributionsystemwillmeetor exceedallsafedrinkingwaterstandards(orMCLs)forcontaminantsofconcern, includingPCBs,radionuclides,andpesticides.

B-4(k)ProjectJustification

(1)Theneedforandthereasonswhytheproposedsourcewasselectedamongalternativesupplieswhichareormaybecomeavailable

.ThepurposeandneedfortheprojectaredescribedinExhibitC.2.Asnotedinthatexhibit,thewaterdemandinUWNYserviceareaisprojectedtogrowaspopulationintheserviceareagrows,andinthelong-term,anadditionalwatersupplysourcewillbeneededtomeetdemandandtocontinuetoprovidewaterforfire-fightingandother publicsafetyneeds.Toaddresstheneedforincreasedsupplybeyond2015,the2006and2010RateOrdersrequireUWNYtoimplementalong-termwatersupplyprojectthatitwillbuildandoperateandsetforthmilestonecommitmentsrelatedtoplanning,analysis,permits,andconstructionof thatlong-termwatersupplyprojectsothatitwillbeinservicebytheendof2015.AnextensivereviewofpotentialalternativestotheProposedProjectwasconducted,includingbutnotlimitedto:areservoiralternative(theAmbreyPondReservoiralternative);operationalalternatives(suchasalternativewatersystemmanagementorenhancedwaterconservation);surfacewaterstoragealternatives(suchasincreasedstorageatLakeDeForest);other watersupplyandstoragealternatives(suchaswastewaterreuse);andvariousprojectdesignalternatives(suchasalternativessitesfortheintakefacilityoralternativeenergysources).Theanalysisconcludesthatonanindividualbasis,mostofthealternativesexaminedareeitherimpracticalorinsufficienttoprovidealong-mgdand,therefore,individuallydonotmeetthepurposeandneedfortheprojectandarenotviablealternativestotheProposedProject.A combinationorcompositeofmorethanonealternativewouldbeless efficient,inherentlymoreenergy-intensive,morecostly,andmorepronetodisruptionandrepair.AcombinationofalternativeswouldalsorequiresubstantiallymoremanagementbyUnitedWatertooverseeboth constructionandoperationsofthesemultiplesystems.Otheralternatives,suchastheAmbreyPondReservoirAlternativeandthe WastewaterReuseAlternative,couldachieveasafeyieldincreasesimilar totheProposedProjectbutwouldhavehighercoststhantheProposedProjectandwouldhaveagreaterimpactonratepayersandconsumersintheUnitedWaterservicearea.TheProposedProjectrepresentsasustainable,cost-effectivewatersupplysourcethatwillimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemandmeet B-5thelong-termneedsforwaterinRocklandCounty.AreviewofalternativestotheProposedProjectdemonstratesthattheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectisthealternativethatbestmeetstheneedfortheprojectaswellasthegoalsoutlinedbelow:ReliableSupply:Thenewlong-termwatersupplyprojectmustimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsbyintroducingasupplythatislessdependenton localizedprecipitationconditions.TheNortheastU.S.experiencesashort-termdrought(i.e.,adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)everyonetothreeyearsonaverage,andexperienceslongerdroughts(i.e.,greaterthanthreemonths)onceevery20to30years.

Thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldbedevelopedtobe responsivetotheoccurrenceofdroughteventsandthepotential effectsofclimatechangeonthefrequencyandseverityofdroughts andstormevents.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwould improvethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyofwaterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.RocklandCountyiscurrentlyservedbygroundwatersuppliesandreservoirs.Includingadrought-tolerantriversourceaddstothediversityofthewatersupplyportfolio andprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.Cost-Effectiveness:Asapublicutility,UWNYhasaresponsibilitytoitscustomers(i.e.,therate-payers)todevelopacost-effective projecttoaddresstheneedforanewwatersupplysource.Coststobe consideredincludeinitialcapitalexpendituresassociatedwithconstructionoftheprojectandongoingoperationsandmaintenancecostsoncetheprojectiscomplete.Tobenefitfromeconomiesofscalegainedbycapitalinvestmentin,andoperationandmaintenance of,asingleproject,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectwillmostlikelybemostcost-effectiveifimplementedasasingleproject,rather acombinationofcapitalprojects.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenidentifiedasthemostcost-effectiveofthealternativesavailabletoUWNYforthelong-termwatersupplyproject.AbilitytobeImplementedinStages:Tomeetfuturedemandsforwatersupplyastheydevelopovertime,andtherebyminimizeunnecessarycapitalcoststotheratepayersaswellasunnecessary environmentaleffects,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldhavetheabilitytobeimplementedinstages.Designing,permitting,andconstructingawatersupplyprojectisacostly,time-consuming,andresource-intensiveundertaking.Prudentplanningcompelsawatersupplierto,whenpossible,undertakeprojectsthatcanbeexpandedefficientlyandcosteffectivelyinstagesasneedarises.TheproposedRevisedDecember2011 B-6HaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldbebuiltinphasestocorrespondwithfuturegrowthinwaterdemand.AvoidandMinimizeEnvironmentalImpacts:ConsistentwiththeparticularlytheStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct,akeygoal forthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoavoidandminimizethepotentialenvironmentalimpactsoftheProposedProjecttothemaximumextentpracticablegiventheothergoalsandobjectivesfor theProposedProjectandthecapabilitiesoftheProjectsponsor.ThisincludesenvironmentalimpactsthatwouldpotentiallyoccurasaconsequenceofboththeconstructionandoperationoftheProposed Project.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenidentifiedastheprojectthatbestmeetsthegoalofmitigatingenvironmentalimpacts.(2)Theprovisionofproperandsafeconstructionofallphasesoftheproject

.TheproposedconstructionandoperationoftheProposedProjectwouldfollowallapplicablehealthandsafetystandards,includingfederal OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)regulations.A constructionHealthandSafetyPlan(HASP)wouldbepreparedand implementedtoaddresspotentialissuesrelatedtoanypotentialcontaminationofsoilandgroundwaterneartheProjectSites.AStormwaterPollutionPreventionPlan(SWPPP)wouldbeimplementedtominimize potentialconstructionimpactsonwaterresources.(3)Theprovisionofadequateprotectionofthewatersupplyandwatershedfromcontamination.Asmentionedabove,duringconstruction,aSWPPPwouldbeimplementedtominimizepotentialconstructionimpactsonwaterresources(includingtheHudsonRiverandMinisceongoCreek).ThenumericalhydrodynamicmodelingconductedoftheHudsonRiverfor theProposedProjectindicateswithdrawalofHudsonRiverwaterattheintakestructure,dischargeofROconcentratethroughtheJRSTPeffluentoutfall,andthedischargeofotherresidual wastestreamstotheJRSTPfortreatmentand,ultimately,fordischargeto theHudsonRiverwouldnotadverselyaffectthequalityoftheHudsonRiverwater.TheProposedProjectExhibitC.1)wouldincludecontinuouswaterqualitymonitoringandmultipletreatmentmethodstoaddresspotentialcontaminantsthatmaybepresentinthewater.(4)Thepropertreatmentofthewatersupply.Thewatersupplywouldbetreatedtomeetorbebetterthandrinkingwaterstandardsestablishedbythe B-7UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyandtheNYSDOH.SeeJ:TreatmentMethods(5)Theadequacyofthewatersupplytomeetthedemandsoftheservicearea

.Toplanforthefuture,UWNYregularlyundertakesanassessmentoffuturewaterdemands.Aspartoftheproceedinginthe2006RateCase,aforecastoffuturewaterdemandswasundertakentodeterminetheleveloffutureinvestmentinwatersupplyinfrastructurerequired.Analternativewater demandforecastwasconductedin2010,usingfuturepopulationprojectionspreparedbyRocklandCounty,toconfirmtheconclusionsofthe2006forecast.Theseforecastsbothdemonstratetheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.UtilizationoftheHudsonRiverasawatersupplysourcewouldallowforanincreaseofthesafeyieldoftheUWNY RocklandCountywatersupplysystemby7.5mgdtoaccommodatefuture growthwithanadequatemarginofsafetythroughtheyear2015orbeyond.

Includingadrought-tolerantriversourceaddstothediversityofthewatersupplyportfolioandprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.

TheProposedProjectwouldimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyof waterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.(6)Theproposedprojectisjustandequitabletoothermunicipalitiesorcivildivisionsofthestate.Theproposedprojectwouldnotdenyawatersupplytoanymunicipalityorotherwaterpurveyor.(7)Proposedmethodtodetermineandprovidepropercompensationforany directorindirectlegaldamagestopersonsorpropertythatmayresultfromtheacquisitionofanylandsinconnectionwiththeproject.PropertyrequiredfortheProposedProjectisexpectedtobeacquiredbymutual agreement,withouttheneedfortheuseofeminentdomain.Nodirectorindirectdamagetopersonsorpropertyisanticipatedasaresultofthe ProposedProject.

Section3Section3ExhibitC:ProjectDescriptionandProject

Purpose

~ '2'& %(#(&%2' &!

~ '/.%2' %(

C.1-1PublicWaterSupplyPermitApplication(6NYCRRPart601)ProposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectEXHIBITC.1DESCRIPTIONOFPROJECTANDWATERTREATMENTPROCESSTheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject(theProposedProject)entailstheconstructionandoperationofawaterintake,intakepumpingstation,watertreatmentplant,andtransmissionanddistributionmains,tobelocatedintheTownofHaverstraw, RocklandCounty,NewYork(seeFiguresD-4,D-5a,andD-5binExhibitD).TheProposedProjectwoulddrawandtreatwaterfromtheHudsonRiveranddeliverupto7.5milliongallonsperday(mgd)ofpotablewatertotheexistingUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)distributionsystemservingRocklandCounty.TheProposedProjectwouldallowUWNYtoincreasethecapacityofitswatersupplysystemtomeettheprojectedabilitytocontinuetoprovidewaterforthecounty,includingprovidingadequatequantity,quality,andwaterpressuretomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforcountyresidents,businesses,andfirefightingcapabilities.TheProposedProjectwoulddrawwaterthroughanintakestructurelocatedinHaverstrawBayintheHudsonRiver,throughanintakepumpingstationtoawatertreatmentplantviaarawwatertransmissionmain.Atthewatertreatmentplant,water wouldbetreatedtoremoveimpurities,includingsalinity.ThepotablewaterwouldbetransmittedfromtheplantvianewundergroundwatertransmissionmainsthatwouldconnecttoUWNYWastewatergeneratedbythewatertreatmentprocesswouldbetransmittedtotheHaverstrawJointRegionalSewageTreatmentPlant(JRSTP).WastewaterfromtheProposedPosmosispipetocreateaphysicaltie-in.TheProposedProjectwouldbeimplementedinthreeseparatephases,tomeetgrowthinwaterdemandasRocWhenthefacilityopensforoperationin2015,itwouldinitiallytreatanddeliverupto2.5mgdofpotablewater.Asmeetthatdemand,withtheultimatecapacityat7.5mgd.AsdescribedinExhibitC.2,populationforecastspreparedbyplanningagenciesandindependentinstitutions.PROJECTSITESfollows:

C.1-2IntakeSite:Thisapproximatelyone-acreparcel(aswellasadditionallandunderwater)locatedonthesouthsideofBeachRoadalongtheHudsonRiverwouldhousetheintakepumpingstationthatwouldpumpwaterfromtheriver.Thesite,currentlyownedbytheU.S.GypsumCompany(USG),isvacantlandusedforoff-seasonboatstoragebytheHaverstrawMarinaandisadjacenttotheenclosedconveyorthatisusedbyUSGtomovesuppliesfrombargesthatdockataUSGpier intheHudsonRiver.HudsonRiver:WaterwouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystem(describedbelow).Itisanticipatedthatthewaterintakepipelinewouldextend fromtheshorelineoftheIntakeSiteapproximately900feetintotheHudsonRiver offshoreoftheIntakeSite.Thepipelinewouldbeinstalledinatunnelburiedbelowtheriverbottom.WaterTreatmentPlantSite:This15.38-acrevacantsitelocatedtothewestandsouthoftheclosedTownofHaverstrawLandfillwouldhousethewatertreatmentplant.MostoftheWaterTreatmentPlantSite(thenorthernportion)isareclaimedarealocatedwithintheboundaryofthenow-closedHaverstrawLandfill,andisownedbytheTownofHaverstraw.ThesouthernportionoftheSiteisaprivately ownedvacantparcelcurrentlyownedbyDSBRealtyAssociates,LLC.RawWaterTransmissionMain:Riverbytheintakepumpingstationwouldbetransmittedtothewatertreatmentplantsiteviaanundergroundrawwatertransmissionmain.TheproposedrouteislocatedprimarilybeneathBeachRoadinthepublicright-of-way,asshowninFigureD-5ainExhibitD.PotableWaterDistributionMains:PotablewaterfromthewatertreatmentplantwouldbetransmittedtoexistingmainsinUWNYconnectionsfromthewatertreatmentplant.Currently,severalpossibleconnectionroutesarebeingconsideredforthesemains,asshowninFigureD-6inExhibitD.WATERTREATMENTFACILITIESANDPROCESSESRAWWATERINTAKESYSTEMRawwatertobesuppliedtothenewWaterTreatmentPlantwouldbepumpedfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystemconsistingofanintakestructureintheHudsonRiver,approximately900feetfromtheshoreline,anintakepipelinefromthestructuretotheshore,andintakepumpingstationontheIntakeSite.Theintakepumpingstation wouldconsistofasinglebuilding,approximately3,000squarefeetinsize,whichwould housethepumps,electricalandmechanicalsystems,aircompressors,andotherequipment.TheintakesystemwouldbedesignedtominimizeadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesintheHudsonRiver.Theintakeintheriverwouldusefive36-inchcylindrical-shapedwedge-wirescreenswithasmallslotsize(0.5-millimiter),whichwouldminimizepotentialadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesrelatedtopotentialimpingement(inwhich aquaticresourcesarepulledagainstthescreen)orentrainment(inwhichtheyaredrawnintotheintake).Theintakesystemwouldbesupportedondeepfoundations(piles)thatRevisedDecember2011 C.1-3wouldextendtobedrockanestimated180to200feetbelowtherivermudline).Theintakescreenswouldbelocatedaminimumoffourfeetabovetheriverbottomwhilethe topofthescreenswouldbeapproximately7.36feetbelowthewatersurfaceatmeanlow lowwater(MLLW).Anaircleaningsystemwouldbeusedtoperiodicallycleanthe intakescreensofdebrisandtopreventbiofouling,andachemicalcleaningsystemwould beusedtocleantheinterioroftherawwaterintakeline.Beneaththeriverbottom,a7-footdiameterrawwaterintakesleevewouldhousetheintakewaterpipe,airsupplylinesfortheaircleaningsystem,andsmall-diameterchemicalcleaningsupplylinesforthechemicalcleaningsystemthatwouldbeusedtocleantheinsideofthepipes.Theair cleaningsystemwouldconsistofanaircompressorandcompressedairreceiveratthe IntakeSite,andfive6-inchairsupplylineswithintheintakesleeve.Thechemicalpipingwouldbecontainedwithinacarrierpipewithinthepipecasingthatalsohousestherawwaterintakepipe.Chemicalsinthepipingwouldnotbeabletoleakintotheriver.Thewaterintakesystemwouldbeoperatedtodrawhighqualitywaterfromtherivereach day.Toproduce7.5mgdoftreatedwater,amaximumvolumeof10milliongallonswouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverduringa24-hourperiod.Itwouldbepumpedfrom theintakepumpingstationintorawwaterstoragetanksatthewatertreatmentplant,from whichitwouldbedrawnfortreatment.TherawwatertransmissionmainwouldtransmittherawwatertotheWaterTreatmentPlantSiteviaanew30-inch-diameterrawwatertransmissionforcemainburiedprimarily beneathpublicstreets.WATERQUALITYMONITORING Attheintakepumpingstation,waterqualitywouldbecontinuouslymonitoredtodetectanysignificantchangein-riverwaterqualitythatcouldaffectfinishedwaterqualitybeforeitisprocessedatthewatertreatmentplant.Intheeventthatpotentialcontaminationeventsoccur,thewaterqualitymonitoringwouldallowmaximumresponsetimefromthepointthewateriswithdrawnfromtherivertowhenitentersthe treatmentprocess.ThesystemwouldbetiedtoUWNYandDataAcquisition(SCADA)system(discussedbelow)toallowremote,real-time monitoringbythewatertreatmentplantoperators.Whenapotentialcontaminationeventisidentified,thepossibleresponsesthatmaybetakencanincludeconfirmatoryandmore frequentwaterqualitysamplingandlaboratoryanalysis;adjustmenttoprocessoperatingconditionstomitigatepotentialupsets;andtemporaryshutdownoftheintakepumpingstationuntiltheanomalousconditiondissipatesoruntilsuchtimethattheriverwaterqualityisdeterminedtobeacceptable.WATERTREATMENTPROCESSAttheWaterTreatmentPlantSite,thewatertreatmentplantwouldconsistofanintegratedseriesofinterconnectedbuildingssizedtohousethewatertreatmentequipment,aswellasstoragetanks,potablewaterreservoirs,pumps,andchlorinebasins.RevisedDecember2011 C.1-4ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatiblewiththeotherwaterinUWNYThiswouldprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswaterqualityparametersofconcern,toallowthefinishedwatertomeetorexceedallapplicabledrinkingwaterstandards.Thepotentialwater treatmentprocessthatmaybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,wouldincludethefollowing:Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval:Pretreatmentconsistsofacombinationofprocessestoremoveparticlesthataresuspendedinthewater(i.e.,turbidity).Chemicalsareaddedinthissteptomaximizetheremovalofsuspendedandcolloidalparticulatesinadditiontocertaindissolvedinorganics.Powderedactivatedcarbon(PAC)maybeaddedduringpretreatmenttoimproveremovalsofdissolvedorganicsthroughad sorption.Filtration:Followingpretreatment,thefiltrationprocess(currentlyproposedtousemicrofiltration/ultrafiltration[MF/UF])wouldremovetheremainingparticulate matterandprovideabarriertobacteriaandviruses.ReverseOsmosis(RO):Followingfiltration,theprocesswaterwouldbefreeofsuspendedsolids,atwhichpointitwouldbesubjecttoaROtreatmentsystemthatwouldforcewaterunderhighpressurethroughsemi-permeablemembranestoremovedissolvedsolids,suchassalts,fromthefilteredwaterasrequiredbasedontherawwatersalinity.RemovalofOrganicContaminants:ThetreatmentprocesscurrentlyincludestheuseofPAC.Inthefutureitispossiblethatafterpre-treatmentandROprocessing,the waterwouldbere-filteredbypassingitthroughagranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)unittoremoveorganiccontaminants.IfGACisaddedtothetreatmentsystem,it wouldreplacetheuseofPAC.Post-treatment:Thisfinalstepwouldstabilizethewaterandprovidefordisinfection.FinishedWaterStorageandPumping:Finished(treatedorpotable)waterwouldflowtotheabove-gradefinishedwaterstoragereservoirswhereacorrosioninhibitorisaddedpriortothewaterbeingpumpedthroughnewpotablewatermainconnections.PotablewaterdistributionmainswouldextendfromthenewwatertreatmentplanttoconnecttoexistingUWNYdistributionwatermains.Atthistime,severaloptionsforthepotablewatermainroutesareunderconsideration.RESIDUALSPROCESSINGThewatertreatmentprocesswouldproduceseveralwasteproducts(residuals).Themainresidualstreamsthatwouldneedtobedisposedincludewastewatercreatedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;solidsremovedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;andtheROconcentrateproducedbytheROmembraneprocess.

C.1-5Anumberofthetreatmenttrainsusedinthewatertreatmentprocesswouldproducewastewater.Mostofthiswouldberecycledtotheheadofthewatertreatmentplantforre-useinthewatertreatmentprocess.Somewastewater,includingflowsfromclean-in-place(CIP)maintenanceproceduresandothercleaningprocedures(backwashingandrinsingofequipment)wouldbesenttotheJRSTP,whichisadjacenttotheWater TreatmentPlantSite,viatheexistingsanitarysewer.ThewastewaterfromthewatertreatmentprocesswouldbesenttotheheadoftheJRSTPfortreatment.UWNYwouldobtainanIndustrialWastewaterDischargePermitfortheProposedProjectfromtheJointRegionalSewageBoardforthiswaste.SolidsremovedbythepretreatmentandMF/UFprocesseswouldbeintheformofaliquidsludge.Thesludgewouldbethickenedinsludgethickenersanddewateredinbeltfilterpressunitsatthewatertreatmentplant.Theresultingdewateredsludge,orsludge-sitefacility,similartosludgefromtheotherwatertreatmentplantsUWNYoperatesinRocklandCounty.Alternatively,thethickenedsludgefromthewatertreatmentprocesscouldinsteadbeconveyedtothetreatmentprocess.TheconcentrategeneratedbytheROprocess(ROconcentrate,orbrine)wouldbesentbyforcemaintotheJRSTP,whereitwouldbedischargedtotheHudsonRiverthroughtheJRSTPoutfall.Inthisway,thehighsalinityintheROconcentratewouldbemixedwiththegreatervolumesofnon-salineeffluentbeingdischargedtotheriver.IMPROVEMENTSTOTHEJRSTPForthewatertreatmentplantROconcentratetobeblendedwiththeJRSTPeffluent,facilitymodificationswouldberequired;specificallynewfacilitiestomakethephysicaltie-inattheoutfall.theexistingsolidsdewateringequipmentattheJRSTPwouldneedtobereplacedor upgradedwithatechnologyofsufficientcapacitytodewaterthecombinedvolumeofJRSTPandwatertreatmentplantsludges.SUPERVISORYCONTROLANDDATAACQUISITION(SCADA)SYSTEMTheProposedProjectwouldbedesignedwithaSCADAsystemthatwouldbepartofthelargerUWNYRocklandCountywatersupplySCADAsystem.SCADAsystemscollectdatafrominstrumentationandcontrolpanelsandsendthedatatocentrallocationswhereitismonitoredandmanaged.

~ '/3&%#( 2'

-.$>&&#*,($'&,-.1&4&~ '/3&%% '/3/.%(~01~1,-.0#%&<(-.<(//,///.<-~00//@!.

//("

.-/&!.F($)/$-~), !

/$))3~$))3, !/<,-.7~!

5$)$/<$))3$)),

<(.0-$))3"!"&.01/

(0</

(.<,-/'($))0"/0/,-/.0,"

5.7<%&&/.

C.2-2C.2.2PROJECTHISTORYAsearlyasthe1960s,theSpringValleyWaterCompany(thepredecessortoUWNY)identifiedtheneedforanewsourceofdrinkingwatertomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforwaterinRocklandCounty.Atthattime,developmentofasurfacewaterreservoirwasidentifiedasthe mostreasonableapproachtomeetingthisprojecteddemand.Anew2-billion-gallonreservoir,knownastheAmbreyPondReservoir,wasplannedanddesignedforalocationintheTownofStonyPoint.AFinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement(FEIS)assessingtheimpactsoftheAmbreyPondReservoirwascompletedinaccordancewiththeNewYorkStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct(SEQRA),andin1987,theNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)conditionallyapprovedthewatersupplyapplicationoftheSpring ValleyWaterCompanyforthetructionpermitstobeissuedonlywhendemandsonthewatersystemreachedadesignatedlevel.Assetforthinthe1987FindingsDeterminationoftheNYSDECCommissionerfortheAmbreyPondReservoir,thewaterusetriggerfortheconstructionofAmbreyPondwasanaveragedemandfortwoconsecutiveyearsthatexceeded27.9mgd.reservoirprojectwasopposedbytheCountyofRockland,theTownofStonyPoint,andnumerousnon-governmentalorganizations.Theconcernscitedbyopponentsincludedtheneedfortheproject;itscost;itsimpactonfisheries,wetlands,andmarshes;thetriggermechanismthatwould activatetheconditionalapproval;andthepotentialseismicrisksassociatedwithconstructingapprovaloftheprojectwaschallengedincourtbutultimatelyupheldbytheSupremeCourtofNewYork,AppellateDivision,ThirdDepartmentin1988.Since1988,UWNYhascontinuedtostudytheAmbreyPondReservoirandovertheyearshaspurchasedalmostallthelandthatwouldbenecessarytoconstructthereservoir.Atthesame time,giventhelevelofinvestmentrequiredtodevelopamajornewwatersourceandthefinancialimpactsuchaninvestmentmighthaveontheratepayers,UWNYundertookanumberofmeasuresthatweresuccessfulindelayingtheneedforthereservoir.Theseincludedimplementationofawaterconservationprogram(describedindetaillaterinthisexhibitandinExhibitA),implementationofasummer-winterratestructurethatalsoledtoconservation,aseriesofshort-termwatersupplyimprovements,andtheadditionoftheRamapoValleyWell FieldtotheUWNYsupplysystem.Asdiscussedingreaterdetailbelow,UWNYnowpracticeconservationandareprudentintheiruseofwater,andadditionalconservation measureswillnotbefeasibleasameanstoavoidtheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.Atthistime,UWNYisproposingtheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectbecausewith30yearsoftechnologicaladvancementsinwatertreatmenttechnology,theHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectisamorereliableandmorefinanciallyandenvironmentallyprudentprojectthantheAmbreyPondproject.2006RATEORDERANDJOINTPROPOSALOnDecember14,2006,thePSCissuedanOrderconcludingtworatecasesinitiatedbyUWNYandasistercompany,UnitedWaterSouthCounty.Thesetworatecases,Case06-W-0131and06-W-1244,wereconsolidatedandconsideredasonebythePSC(referredtointhischapterasRevisedDecember2011

-.$>2)9"";%&$#/-&()9"";%(/<<-/$))3,<,~0,/-//!<-4%3(00(6@.0$))3,<

$&/$))3$))3F/.$))3,<(/((.0($))3F/$),F!(.E8E888/C%$))3F.E8$))3F#/G<H.8(E888C6,-

,-&/<

$C%$))3(((

>~$))%$))&!.$))3<1.0""($)7C6$))3.0$))35.$/47.7$))3B"7$/22$))3.$)$))3F(<(1~,,-+.-/ //@0"4/$))3!.$$))3F/.

-.$>4//"$)7.$))3,~$4!/$))3(

'.($7$))3

• /<

7.,(>

</"/"(8#>2#1 9""

?/%&=/"/

00,+-((/

.01/("(-$))33-.-#(2%( %&%#F($)/$)/-(<$))&/-)>)52,~$),!<)

F$)/$~$)F!/$),0

$)<.$),$),$))3,

"$))3,0$),($))30),

1~$))3,.(9"!"%/-&9""%(

/.&"163/&%&%(8./FC0,~("F($)/$))!.

-.$>70,<+(9$)),$))3, >(/-1$),/-</./0$))3$)

'/3/: (9#!&$ ",-0/,-/

&",-19-<,-/A*-#~ </

,-(/(8.

<"(".;43.5+/((.%&.(/*+*,0-"/

"2$<:+,/$7 "B67)",42$;43.0

(/#$)$)

'(<<-(!00(/@-0,-1$0-.$>2/($)))).

-.$>3*)$((~ !'BC&/;'/#$&6//(/(6~#$0D5*)+/

<.#'(///"(.&0.0,-~,- !.0/<(.$))3$),/;*#$$E-:

C-"

.8 ".0

.//./(/&/$))5C/2.$$))3,F$),5F.

-.$>5%(1!2',!/#*&%7/7.30-//2$"<,-*+(,$'(-0

/*+0:-~<!&73.*0.//!////*/,",(9(-F<*+..%0*&.57/*('(*+,-()&%*+C-%&

" .$%&7$'(B@C-&%$.

/<&.57

,:.C-.

&.57/:$.$&/;)%&0!"*9!(,"*/*E*(9!2)&*$(.<%&)%&($

C.2-8UsingtheRuleCurve,WSA2189specifiestheamountofwaterthatmustbereleasedfromLakeDeForestandtheadditionalamountthatmaybereleased,whichvariesthroughouttheyeardependingontheamountofwaterpresentinLakeDeForestandontheamountofwaterpresentinthethreedownstreamreservoirs.Thepermitconditionsareasfollows:A.IftheLakeDeForeststorageisbelowtheRuleCurveatanytimeoftheyear,releasefromLakeDeForestshallbemadetomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdinthe streamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.B.IftheLakeDeForeststorageisabovetheRuleCurveatanytimeoftheyear:1.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamwatersupplyreservoirs(LakeTappan,WoodcliffLakeandOradellReservoirwithatotalcombinedavailable storagecapacityof7.74billiongallons)ismorethan50percentoftheircapacity,or 3.87billiongallons,releasefromLakeDeForestshallbemadetomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdinthestreamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.2.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamreservoirsislessthan50percentoftheircapacityandatahigherpercentagestoragethanthepercentagestorageinLakeDeForest,alargerreleasemaybemadetomaintainamonthlyaverageflowofupto 15mgdinthestreamimmediatelybelowtheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.3.Whenthetotalstorageinthethreedownstreamreservoirsislessthan50percentoftheircapacityandatalowerpercentagethanthepercentagestorageinLakeDeForest,alargerreleasemaybemadetomaintainamonthlyaverageflowofupto25mgdinthestreamimmediatelybelowtheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.Thesepermitconditionsestablishaminimumreleasefordownstreamusersof9.75mgdandprovideforincreasedreleaseswhenLakeDeForesthasadequatewater(andthereforeitisabove theRuleCurve)andthedownstreamreservoirsarelessthanhalffull.Consistentwiththesepermitconditions,andinconsultationwiththevariousstakeholders,UWNYroutinelyreleaseswaterfromtheLakeDeForestDamtotheHackensackRiver.Attimeswhenwaterisspillingoverthedam,UnitedWaterclosesthereleasevalveatthedamsincethewaterthatspillsover thedam,oracombinationofthespillingwaterandareducedamountofwaterreleased,isenoughtosatisfytheminimumflowrequirementsintheHackensackRiver.Asnotedabove,WSA2189requiresthatinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.Topreservethesafeyieldinthereservoir(whichis10mgdforRocklandCounty)incaseofdroughtconditions,UWNYoperatesLakeDeForesttoprovideanannualaverageof10mgdforRocklandCountycustomersfromLakeDeForest.Ahigherflowcanbewithdrawnfromthereservoirduringpeaksummermonths,butflowmustbereducedatothertimesoftheyeartomaintainatotalaveragethatmeetstheannualaveragerequirement.Forexample,in2005,whensummerdemandrequiredLakeDeForestproductionlevelsofapproximately20mgd,theflowwasreducedto7mgdin OctoberandNovemberand5mgdinDecembertolimittheannualaverageproductionto10mgd.TheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantisoperatedsubjecttoanapprovalfromNYSDOH,issuedin2003(LogNo.16321,CWSNY4303673),whichlimitsdailyintakeofrawwatertothetreatmentplantto20.8mgd,withamaximumdailyproductionofupto20mgd,andtherunningannualaverageintakeofrawwaterto10mgd.RevisedDecember2011

-.$>&,%*,-.8/+(>!$))./(*%!#',#,!/!,3',/0*@-/520*:~"!.$))3/

-(*,/

• 0(<(*0

.0((///(<(8.E)/@/%,-(*,9""@39"!"*!#,-(..%,0*,")&%,C-,"/&&45/(470..0

).%/#('(().%$.8"2)/('(

-.$>)2.82)/(".9.2)).7.-.(.2)/<((".&&45/-9.0 *~*&%42)2352!)/

470 2.),,*/*,(.(/*,,-(.,(4(&'3(%%!.%%2!%0,:+,'(,,

F:0-.0":-&5)&%.,:

.0+*/

(,(,:+"6$7

<-,,0,'(1,,~/~&/*,

(.

-.$>,".,3<5,:.

/,,C-/((,/,+4.$))2/</-,,.8$))2/

</,!/&)

/"5)).&,32,+C-37)5/53B@%$.0:FC".,,

(,37)5,:+).0,<..=~<=!/

.((/

,,()(%%).,,(%/$-37)5;),:4"(6#$$,:+'(<,,.

-.$>$0&%$@37)5(:+(0.0&%$@.<C-.2>2&$3>))$)5D)))2>)/&&2

%3$)/$))$.%3$),)6(

((5~,:

+,"%0'(-.,3G%/,:+

.0((/(("

,/././#!4%%/+<7)%&>8 0,-~,-~"(@,"/@/-(,-../($

(7)(

../(#-(("./

-.$>2.@/'(0%$4.447.&.(() ~#$

"<

.0!##&/"C-.8/ /,- /

((/.0/

,/=,('(0"// "/-44(,.'2,!5-,!,!%!(/!/<*C-./(

.

'/3<..

-.$>4'/3<.6=;4((~C~%~ ! *~%-')?%!+<C2&>&&"

.!/02%5?K

/&%'51!+<2235'1&"&&

!<:!+<D

!C' C&"K!$!+<'(

&"%+!&"'?%2%33)/0+D-"

%

-.$>7~! %($ ",' 1%( '-+#././#!4&!*""44

((0 7(~(!((

((

.(((./((((."(;4<.:.# '++! #'+/##!,/./#!4/&*./,-<./

.0;4<3'/3<3#DA

<.--

<.C<%&*<<F./:,(</37)5~,:<F(2)/

570@

472&%./)/)))

~!@<(@<"(.<1(

(./<

<F~:-

-.$>3-*+.<<F$%&.'/3<3!($'($(~3C%/6~ ~*)~(6D/'(*($#+$+$'."~/0$/!$ ~*3D/'(.($#1$'($ ~*2 !3D/$+!!+<?5(~%E)-3*E'.+202*,44-5!+<3'3$#6$~8$80$-3*~##~E'1/#"+$D-D%'!( # $ ""#(#9"( !$<"/'/'(<>7)3)%E+D/(;/4&&#$

-.$>5"('/3<:./'/3<:!($**=2:-@3-..1~) )/6## )D;!9#';9'1$'?%23%33 >>&7;:9&880/".(/*

~!"**

.<6?*+6

-).//<*.0"

,:+(,,"/(

• <! E+<%&!"9"""39"!"*$))$!1((0

'/3<A;4<B6.($))$/,- /((.0,-

-.$>%'/3<A)))(*3--31~# )'(% *'? *'? *'? *'?~ *'? 85%C5%5C%'31%?C%'55%?31%?C%'5%CC%C<C%?C%'C%53'%'2%?1'%'5%2?%5'1%'%'8%313%1'1%23'%C11%1'2%'31%?'%313%?%21?%3'C%533%3'%?11%C+13%2'1%531%C'%'1'%17C%21'%5%3%233%25%55%3531%'%'5%?5%?5%5%23~*7&8>9&==&><8&:9<&78>&>;&<;&1<7&=9;;&;".!/0%0-.$>4/)~$))$!*(2$/,:$742*,"9""@39"!"!0*,</~!#&#+~F(/F(/,:+*+27(~.5!/,:+($)"3.5!442.*).4.2/)>~/

<*,).&/$.%

.!*) .(/(<"(/

-<,"

-.$>&<,:+((.($)*+<.<"$ "#~ $*%&(/+(/(.*./,-(!.0(%&.,:+

/(,,""

,,(.

6('(~#

)=.*<..6(!"/~!$)2)0/

/(/,- ~<>!2)/,(B(2C

&7&&&/$))$./$))$))7

-.$>$)'/3/A (9# %(('(/(.(/1/.0".# '# '%-(.

(/*)6$!7/#+)#!,!4(+&(##!,+/(#,!+//"/

66##0(.(646@("(//66&.<%

.-("((/. "2)/".8%)/$7.&9$))5/(2)>/

8!#>8 #(!"6!12"3!121*/%$/&%7($3..09"""39"!"*$&.4$))$/,- /$&.5(,- /,-(.

-.$>$0/./(2)(~B~//!.0"

(.+/$))7$)/

.(((~/$))$!/27.2$))&!45.4$!.$)

%#/../.-(~//!/1

(.!7/#+) -/#'4!,&,'2%!<%:(//.0/'/3<0/&%),-$7&/72)%)/3%4,9$))/$)/3%5/~./,25.&/$75</$)))$33/&2$)))-.0/<"&$.%,-8$))-/$25&&)/732!<18#H?</((

-.$>$$</%5.7,-<.'/3<0&4.CB-<3-.- #3 ~'2~?13'2~35?22~'C~5?1~1?C15'~23'(".%+%">

D$%!

/0&+DH &"-&&)/(<('/3<,"/(/0-.$>4

~!"9"""39"!"$))$!.0$))$/

,-./67%(

//%)/%&8" 1(!"9"""39"!"*59""9 <33.)

(<../.

-.$>$2'/3<,'64@+,-~.3'F? $'1%2>~1%3%?"2%5%15'%1+>C'%25 5%1'/!1?%'2<7&G:9;;&;'L>/&"%1/~J J% '+#,8-#'+'2+'+0,!3!+-!(#!,#'!7/#+)!4(+$))$,- /<

)~//

(//#!65@46.0((./

!.0("(

(./"(.0(((~(

0(~./.0/(/.0(

-.$>$4(~,-(8/(<.~!*

("(0

<)E5#E5

)(/<E8(*8$.)/8*%.)"(

.+*8$.)%.)/(

<(00!#9""@!#29"!"*

<6>.<.0/;,+,-""(

.# %2' %(,-(/</('(

.-7

$0<(.8

$))3,-(.0

~-&-&$))3,-.$))/,-(/$))3.

$))$))3($)27!.)/(/&"@./+

-.$>$7("8$)/($)-($)"/0.#!,!4(+2',! (/#/ '++9::;$))3F$))3,/<,- $)$7.$)))/,- .49::;20$))3=6!12!3!111*!12!*!129*!12H*!111("0?("

$.=C06,- /"(.0

"".0(&%7$))7//<

&7/("2.#74/052)~./!6.8/1%*#/2))$/.</$7)2)7$)$752)/("(1 4.#6/0"1""1$)$7.

-.$>$3 7.?1/@(11~.73!/$)///1$)$7.~&7112/&7 6$))3,-!3.'664=((

.0,-$))-~@0-!$))4/-(C,$))$.0<

/0

1. <<((<..-.0/<@/7</C$))35$F/<("(

/1(("0

(#$9::;20$))3&7-24.2$)

24.7./$))37$.5$)/6"

>.9$)27/2&.7&.$.(

-.$>$5&/&-9::;, /-& 9"";%&/-&$))39<- <%&2/$))3(F/<,-($10$))3$))3 1.(-($))3,.(

9"";%&*("1($))33/$))3~$))3!

$$))3>$)/$))3

)~$))3~$))3,!;("#$-II9""=9",/((.EE$))3F<-(9:<:!,!4(2',! (/#$)/($))3"$))3(0$)/$))3.$)-($)))$))&.0.8/$))$))3/$)27.49:<:0$)6=44='*%&9"""39""$)27"+9"!"*&~<+ 9""2*&

$))&/)I(

%9"8H C.2-28preparedincoordinationwith,showedagrowthofalmost57,000people(20percent)between2000and2035,foratotalpopulationof343,636by2035.DuringdevelopmentoftherecentlycompletedRocklandCountyComprehensivePlan,theRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanningalsoprepareda

-thefuturegrowthpotentialofthecountyunderexistingzoning.

1Theanalysisconsideredexistingzoning,existingdevelopmentpatterns,andconstraintsthatrestrictdevelopment, suchasexistingstructures,parksandinstitutions,steepslopes,waterbodies,andwetlands.Thebuild-outanalysisdidnotmakeadjustmentsforfuturechangesinzoningorvariancesthatmightbegrantedandthatcouldintensifythedensityofdevelopmentthatoccurs,althoughsuchchangescanreasonablybeanticipatedinthefuture.Onthebasisofthisbuild-outanalysis,RocklandCountyestimatedthepotentialfor17,948additionalhousingunitstobedevelopedinthecountybasedoncurrentzoningandconstraintsandwithoutanychangestoorvariancesfromzoning.

2TheRocklandCountyComprehensivePlannotesthefollowingaboutthebuild-outanalysis:ThebuildoutanalysisisapotentialsaturationpointscenariothatassumesalloftheundevelopedresidentiallyzonedlandinRocklandCountyisactuallydeveloped;thisinformationisaguideanddoesnotsuggestactual,ordesired,buildinglevels.Infact,itishighlyunlikelythatafullbuildoutwouldoccurintheforeseeablefuture,asremaininglandtendstobelessdesirableintermsofeaseandcostofdevelopmentbecauseofsuchlimitingelementsaswetlands,floodplainsandsteepslopes,multipleownership,varyingestateissuesandalackoflandactuallyforsale.Formoreaccurateandrealisticgrowthprojections,anumberoffactorsshouldbeexaminedsuchaspopulationforecasts,householdsizeestimatesandeconomicgrowthopportunities.

3 2.AdjustmentforUWNYservicearea.ThefuturepopulationforecastswereadjustedtoreflecttheportionofRocklandCountythatislocatedwithinUWNYareasnotservedbyUWNYtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyackwereremoved).3.Identificationofwaterdemandcharacteristics.Thewaterdemandpatterns,basedonbillingrecordsbyaccounttypeandonproductionvolumes,intheUWNYserviceareaover theprevious10years(20002009,bothwithandwithoutthedroughtyearof2002)werereviewedtogetherwiththeestimatesofpopulation,households,andemploymentforthoseyearstoidentifytheaveragewaterdemand(ingpd)perperson,perhousehold,andper employee.4.Projectionoffuturewaterdemand.Thewaterdemandcharacteristicsidentifiedinstep3,whichwereonapercapitabasis,werethenappliedtothefuturepopulationprojections 1RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,IncludedasAppendix20.1oftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectDEIS 2TheRocklandCountybuild-outanalysisdidnotassumeredevelopmentoftheAmbreyPondlands.AsshownintheRocklandCountyComprehensivePlan(page65),thislandwasconsideredtohavelittleornodevelopmentpotential.Therefore,theestimated50residentialunitsthatcouldpotentiallybedevelopedontheAmbreyPondlandsiftheProposedProjectisapproved,andiftheAmbreyPond landsareredevelopedwouldbeinadditiontothe17,948units.

3RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,RevisedDecember2011

-.$>$&0,-(#D&/@0-I(#&.0~/$)

/35.3!/$3.4..//).3

(/(!.0)

((.$))3/$)(//

"(."<

(/((

(.(/

".&0$))&$4./".-/

?&B%

"9:<:20$22.3$)24.4$).0&7-

$))3~24.2$).9$)27/$)

2%.3$))30(@0-I/0@0-2%.$$)27I.$./$)"$))3".0

-.$>2)$))3/9:<:(#!,!4(+2',! (/#=!22! #/'2 '+/!,3(#'+'+2-#-,!4((.

/$))35.3/$/

33.)/.~0(;'&$0<

(

".0/.

(/!,-"(/~$!(/((/"~2!((/((

(.0//$)(".(")0,-(.0~,-(

25.&$)27/).52%.3.9:<:!,!4(+2',! (/#= '+#,8-#'+'2+'+0,!3!+-!!,#'2-#-,!!4(0$))&/$4<*<./

.(/(;,+0,$

-.$>2/>.0((/$)1(#9""(<(*-

-/"((0(./!(3.7$))&"!7/.~/($))&"5.$

/%.0$)27/(/

.2/2%.325.2.->((.0 23.5$)27/2%.3.-&#!(#!,!4(2',! (/#,!2%! #+)9:<: !+/-/$),-

&<+/*I.$)))-

<.9($)-.+((1$)/$

,~9"!&9"!!*%$)(,@0-/-/I.0$),8"9*;""#,*9"!"&%&9"3%5/20(~*~$)/25&$3$/&7&).%,-$0$-($)(($)/$))&((

%

-.$>2$035.3./$/$)/33.).'6;=,-"(1/$)

.8#/$B$!/"

$)27=666;=47=0"(#&((2" 9"!"#97).$)27.022.%$)7/22.3$))24.2$))39$)27/(2%.5/2%.3$)2&.$))3

&(/$)27/$))9$)7/(($)/$)27/).022.3$7/22.3$24.2$))3

.9$)27/(25.32%.3$)2&$))3.0/$))-$))$))3'/3/0&! "& %#!9"( !$%(9%(9#'%(&<-

"$))3),

(7.0C6$))35$/

5'/3<A'/3<0./5.$)47.7$))3B/.7/22$))3.$))3,<.$)5)!/;/

C.2-33capacityresultingfrominfrastructureimprovements.Theoreticalincreasesorthosebasedonchangeofoperationwithoutphysicalchangearenotcountedtowardsatisfactionofthesupply 1TablesC.2-7andC.2-8alsoindicatethevolumeincreasesalreadyachieved(asofJune30,2011)inaccordancewiththecommitmentsrequiredbythe2006RateOrder.Asshowninthetables,atotalof5.94mgdinadditionalpeakcapacityand0.9mgdinaveragecapacityhasbeen addedtothesystemsince2006.Thepeakcapacityincreaseswereachievedthroughimprovementstopumpsandtreatmentfacilitiesatanumberofsystemwells,constructionofanewboosterpumpstation,andbytheimprovementoftheLetchworthReservoirswatertreatmentplanttoincreaseitscapacityfrom1.0to3.0mgd.TableC.2-7PeakVolumeCommitmentsandPeakSystemCapacityRequiredby2006and2010RateOrdersthrough2015(mgd)YearTargetIncrementalIncreasetoPeakSupplyTargetCumulativeAdditiontoPeakSupplyTotalSystemPeakCapacitywithTargetIncreaseActualPeakSupplyCumulativeIncreaseAchievedActualPeakSupplyCapacitywithIncrease2006(Baseline) 45.5 45.520073.4 3.4 48.94.02 49.5220080.5 3.9 49.44.45 49.9520090.44.3 49.85.83 51.332010 49.85.94 51.4420110.9 5.2 50.72012 50.720130.9 6.1 51.62014 51.62015 1 7.1 52.6Notes:2006peaksupplycapacityconsistedofthefollowing:LakeDeForestat20mgd,RamapoValleyWellFieldat4mgd;systemwellsat20.5mgd;LetchworthReservoirsat1mgd.Asdefinedinthe2006RateOrder(Exhibit11tothe2006JointProposal)andthe2010RateinableforSupplycommitmentsachievedareasofJune30,2011.

12010JointProposal,Appendix7.RevisedDecember2011

-.$>24'/3<B#3--,3-.-%43-.0**~ ~*## )*3# ))~*~#~()%*((3~*## )3((3~*~#~()%.(:)**)**~.(**)**~.(**)**~%'%'11%'%'111%'1%1%311%311%2.((~**~1)).((~**~4)).((~*+~()).((~*+~*)).((~*+~2))")D$5'?H'%8'%$))3$),-/<$)(."

<,-0<(,~<8,!"/,@,@

B

<//((

./<

(.0(. "!&&&#"0/

///'(0(./!(.

-.$>27!7/#+)/./#!4%%/!(~$!6$))5/$B

(=43/

(!08/

2.%2).".+((1(

.((

."(

.0~!

'(0 (0"/(.060("'((+!/./#!4!%%/<66.

'(<( (0(/((.

-.$>23-+(,)-,,J7>797!$))2)).'-(.<=$))/,,+.9::>0:?!+8(@/)2+8+/"'("

.(

(/~./!/"(.0(,-(

.C'(/'(.0<=(

0'(/

06/

.9>/.<?"

/%#!#H 5.77./#,8-#'+/./#!44&,'3!4!+#/~~~*@

$<8<=/,$)$47$)>7$7)."DD.D$)7$47#D.D$)D7$7)

.

-.$>25@(.@9$)(.*/

</()/).

,(,:

/(

64&,'3!4!+#/#',!%(8%#.'2,(4(&'3(%%!.!%%2!"&'#(1!&'+$/<(%%-/,,:.0C-

,:+,"

%/,:+./<

9,,(.-+.&/5).&)~5.)(2)))(!.9(</(,".0(((AD!##

",:+.

(,(!(!' (&#"*!1</<8,/<*(>/("0/<.0<8,$))3$),-.

-.$>2%'"#(#9"( *"&1<("&+<-&<+<0-

.08,@(((

'(".

%(%(%(<(!# !/,- !

-//(((/!.(!">#3.4/$4$))$/,- !.<./(

.0((

((<~";->%.+$*5!#9"".%4$)/(.<((".0/<>0/<5.8//(((0/<0%#(./<(->

-.$>2&+6/.0(0($))3,/$)/(/

(./$)1(.0./!3.7$))&"(!7/(~!.(../!2

$))&".$/(/.2

$)27.%(9%(9'%( %(&#"/<(.0(/-,- ("2)/(<"0/-&

0(!"#$%"!12!**@2)/(2/

8/-.7/%$.(#!, '+/!,3(#'+!3 !/#,8-#'+&%(../2.7/$.7(/!.+/(

&$/'(./3/7/>

!.

-.$>4)<(./2/>(.A(('(&&2/>.0/&5/" *

&4"0(/<(

/>/

>.!3(&'#,(+/&,(#'+"!#$%(#!,+)&,'),(4<(

~C0!C0<C0 C0/(

.&-C6/$))3.""C0~D@

&4!/$))5!. '+/!,3(#'+ (#'+('-#,!( !22',#/&&2/(/<"/.9$))5/<+,-="(?($))5/

()"<.56

!/(D(7!118**0&&4.E('$))%/<~5~).

-.$>4(<,-/6".*6,&#/</

/.!22! #'2'+)'+)!, '+/!,3(#'++#(#3!/'+4((

.9<~9""1*

/%7"/.,.C0/&)&)~$))&!4$.033.)<"<.#-#(.0<..-(~!"&$%$7~4))0(

(5&$35~!5275%43&.-<,<9"1 ~!./<~33.) ;1#/3$.$0(<".9(((/",-73.7.<,/@.//&&&.

-.$>4$0"(</<(</<.+(.

(((0

("/).0).5

"(/

"".'/3/,&#( (9< !&$9#&<*((.06</7)3)D./.<%*-/<"

./(>%&

,-($))3)-,.<22.&.44.$)/<24.7($..".,--"/;"(#0/.0(7.

-.$>42/.-($01($)/(.0(~

!;4<EC6.97/(1/"$)%//<(/"//(#/-&!;&%%H"8#>*'((/

6(/;((.

6(C-*,:+/#;(.0#$L95H

/(#299M9"";9"!"

,6"'((>$)7$)$)./<("(~,#=,,-(/9"!!#8#"*)*89#

-.$>44/'(.0(/<1$.7$)"(75.7!+/"15.7

(.

(9"";$),/

$))3$),/$.0/(<,-/ /-&9"";$),$ ""#(#9"( &%2' <~(0~*!"*+.(//<*+(:+.*0((((,-/,<%&

("(.+<

1,/<*+/6(.0,:*"((,"/

-.$>47;4BC6"/$/21.01%2' 9%#(~( 0("<,-(5.7'($))3 9"!"/-&%(&(91/<.,!%(8%!/-&&%.01"0<.~./

("~./"$)2).0"('("1, 8>""(. '/#0!22! #3!+!//((/<(../!".-1.0///10(<(8%#.#'8!4&%!4!+#+/#()!/(/"//

-.$>43.(3'4+4A!!+3,'+4!+#(%4&( #/&-~*6 0"(

."1.

Section4ExhibitD:GeneralServiceAreaandProjectLocation MapsSection4

9(#'& %("#&

~#~ ) '63~(%~F '(%><8;>>9;999<9>7:<;<:<9191<<<<>D'~(6 ~'3)'!

~ !" #$%&%%%'"()%%%%%'<">!>+&#./!>#/&/++K,K>M+M+M.!/83?CM.!/8>%CM.!/87#&%'M/&M.!/8L.!/8.!/8+.!/8+%+%7+%3M&

2!3M&

+'M/&

/%&

L%DH*.'~(6 ~'3)~3## )'$%%$%

~!#~!)*$*#+++!"*++-~~~/!*80!-+9">"7./90#."7./90"6H</D"7./90</,-"7./90#D3(~

~!~!!!!!~RevisedDecember2011

RevisedDecember2011

2!2!D~~! '#+

22~#~#0&~!"!~$&'$(!)*!D2~',

Section5ExhibitE:EngineersReportSection5

~ $,

EngineersReportUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.HaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectNYSDECWaterSupplyApplicationSeptember2011

iTableofContentsTableofContentsSection1Introduction1.1Background...............................................................................................................1-11.1.1UnitedWaterNewYork..............................................................................1-11.1.22006RateOrderandJointProposal...........................................................1-11.1.32010RateOrderandJointProposal...........................................................1-21.2PurposeandScope...................................................................................................1-31.3ProjectDescription...................................................................................................1-41.3.1ProjectSites....................................................................................................1-5 1.3.2WaterTreatmentFacilitiesandProcesses.................................................1-61.3.2.1RawWaterIntakeSystem..............................................................1-6 1.3.2.2WaterQualityMonitoring..............................................................1-71.3.2.3WaterTreatmentProcess................................................................1-7 1.3.2.4ResidualsProcessing.......................................................................1-81.3.3ProjectPhasing..............................................................................................1-9Section2ExistingSystemInformation2.1UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystem......................................2-12.1.1WaterSources................................................................................................2-12.1.1.1LakeDeForest....................................................................................2-32.1.1.2LetchworthReservoirs.....................................................................2-52.1.1.3RamapoValleyWellField...............................................................2-72.1.1.4SystemWells.....................................................................................2-92.1.1.5SummaryofRequiredReleases....................................................2-102.1.2WaterDistributionSystem........................................................................2-112.1.2.1RocklandCountySystem..............................................................2-11 2.1.2.2ConnectionstoOtherSystems......................................................2-122.1.3WaterSystemManagementandAvailableWaterSupply...................2-13Section3PurposeandNeed3.1ExistingandFutureWaterDemand......................................................................3-13.1.1WaterDemandCharacteristics...................................................................3-13.1.1.1ExistingWaterDemandPatternsandTrends..............................3-13.1.1.2UnitedWaterExistingCustomerProfile.......................................3-33.1.1.3EffectsofConservationExistingDemand.....................................3-43.1.1.4ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoExistingDemand........3-53.1.2FutureWaterDemandProjections................................................................3-53.1.2.1WaterDemandForecastsConductedin2006...............................3-6 3.1.2.22010WaterDemandForecast.........................................................3-63.1.2.32010WaterDemandForecast:EffectsofConservationonFutureDemand..........................................................................................................3-7 TableofContentsHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectNYSDECWaterSupplyApplicationEngineer'sReport iiTableofContents3.1.2.42010WaterDemandForecast:ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoFutureDemand.............................................................................3-83.1.2.5UpdatedWaterDemandForecastReflecting2010Census........3-93.2Long-TermSupplyGap.........................................................................................3-10 3.3SystemReliability...................................................................................................3-133.4ProjectGoalsandBenefits.....................................................................................3-14Section4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations4.1HudsonRiverWaterQuality..................................................................................4-14.1.1HudsonRiverHistoricalWaterQualityData.............................................4-24.1.1.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-24.1.1.2ParameterDetections.......................................................................4-44.1.2SondeWaterQualityBuoyData...................................................................4-44.1.2.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-54.1.3PilotPlantWaterQualityData......................................................................4-54.1.3.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequency............................................4-54.1.3.2ParameterDetections.......................................................................4-64.1.4WaterQualityDataComparison...................................................................4-74.1.4.1AppendixBTable1Summary........................................................4-7 4.1.4.2AppendixBTable2Summary........................................................4-84.1.4.3Conclusion.........................................................................................4-84.1.5HydrodynamicModelingResults.................................................................4-8 4.1.6MunicipalitiesUtilizingtheHudsonRiverasaWaterSupply.................4-94.2WaterQuantity.......................................................................................................4-104.2.1HudsonRiverHydrology.............................................................................4-10 4.2.2MinisceongoCreekHydrology...................................................................4-114.2.3ProjectEffectonWaterQuality...................................................................4-114.3KeyDrinkingWaterRegulations.........................................................................4-124.3.1CurrentRegulations...................................................................................4-234.3.1.1IESWTRandLT1ESWTRTurbidityRequirements...................4-23 4.3.1.2Stage1D/DBPRMCLsforDisinfectionByproducts................4-24 4.3.1.3TotalOrganicCarbon(TOC)Removal........................................4-244.3.1.4DisinfectionProfiling/Benchmarking.........................................4-264.3.1.5Stage2D/DBPRMCLsandMCLGsforDisinfectionByproducts.......................................................................................4-264.3.1.6LT2ESWTRCryptosporidiumTreatmentDetails.........................4-274.3.1.7FilterBackwashRecyclingRule(FBBR)......................................4-274.3.1.8GroundWaterRule(GWR)...........................................................4-284.3.1.9LeadandCopperRuleRevisions.................................................4-294.3.1.10TotalColiformRuleRevisions....................................................4-294.3.2CompliancewithCurrentRegulations.......................................................4-30 TableofContentsHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectNYSDECWaterSupplyApplicationEngineer'sReport iiiTableofContentsAppendicesAppendixAAppendixBWaterQualityDataAppendixCSourceWaterandReceivingWaterAnalysis

iListofTablesListofTablesTable1-1PhasingoftheProposedProject...........................................................................1-10Table2-1PermitRequirementsforExistingWaterSupplySystemSources....................2-1Table2-2UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemCapacity...................2-13Table2-3AverageMonthlyWaterProduction...................................................................2-15Table3-1RocklandCountyResidentialandWorkerPopulations.....................................3-3Table3-2AverageWaterConsumptionbyAccountType..................................................3-4 Table4-1SampleLocationsfor2007-2008WaterQualityMonitoring..............................4-2Table4-2SummaryofPriorRiverWaterQualityMonitoring/AnalysisPerformed......4-3Table4-3HudsonRiverWaterIndustrialandCommercialUses......................................4-9Table4-4NationalPrimaryDrinkingWaterRegulations.................................................4-13Table4-5NationalSecondaryDrinkingWaterStandards................................................4-22Table4-6Stage1MRDLGsandMRDLsforDisinfectants................................................4-25Table4-7Stage1MCLGsandMCLsforDisinfectionBy-Products.................................4-25Table4-8TOCPercentRemoval............................................................................................4-26

iListofFiguresListofFiguresFollowingPageNo.Figure2-1ExistingUnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystem.......................2-1Figure2-2UnitedWaterRocklandCountyServiceArea....................................................2-12Figure2-3UnitedWaterRocklandCountyPressureDistricts...........................................2-12Figure2-4UnitedWaterRocklandCountyServiceArea....................................................2-12 Figure2-5MonthlyAverageDailySupply............................................................................2-14Figure3-1AnnualAverageDayDemandandMaximumDayDemand............................3-1Figure3-2MonthlyAverageandMaximumDayWaterDemand......................................3-2Figure3-3WaterDemandForecasts:AnnualAverageDayDemand.................................3-6Figure3-4WaterDemandForecasts:CombinedSensitivityAnalysisAnnualAverageDayDemand.............................................................................................................3-9Figure3-5ComparisonofWaterDemandProjectionsBeforeandAfter2010Census...3-10Figure3-6WaterDemandProjectionsvs.AvailableSupplyWithoutLong-TermWaterSupplyProject.........................................................................................................3-11Figure3-7WaterDemandProjectionsvs.AvailableSupplyWithLong-TermWaterSupplyProject.........................................................................................................3-11Figure4-1HudsonRiverWaterQualitySamplingSites.......................................................4-2 Figure4-2HudsonRiverWatershed........................................................................................4-9

1-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docSection1 Introduction1.1Background1.1.1UnitedWaterNewYorkUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.(UWNY)isaU.S.corporationincorporatedinaccordancewiththelawsofNewYorkState.UWNYEnvironnementS.A.,aFrenchcompany.AsaU.S.corporation,UWNYissubjecttotherulesandregulationsthatapplytobusinessesintheUnitedStates.UWNYisthesuccessortotheSpringValleyWaterworksandSupplyCompany,foundedin1893to providewatertoRocklandCounty.Together,thesecompanieshavebeenprovidingwatertoRocklandCountyformorethan100years.UWNYisapublicutility/water-workscorporationorganizedunderArticle4oftheNewYorkTransportationCorporationsLaw(TCL).TheTCLappliestotelephone,waterworks,sewageworks,steam,ferry,pipeline,andfreightterminalcorporations.PursuanttoitstariffestablishedunderTCL§42,andNewYorkPublicServiceLaw§89-b,UWNYislegallyrequiredtosupplytheinhabitantsofitsserviceUWNYprovidesapublicwatersupplysystem,includingdrinkingwaterandwaterforfireprotection,totheresidentsandbusinessesinRocklandCounty,NewYork,excludingtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyack.UWNYalsoservesasmallportionofOrangeCounty(inportionsoftheTownsofTuxedo,Warwick,and Monroe).Itsmandate,likeallwatersuppliers,istoprovideadependable,adequatesupplyofwatertomeettheneedsfordomesticwateruseandfirefighting,andtoprovidewaterthatmeetsorexceedsallsafedrinkingwaterstandards.1.1.22006RateOrderandJointProposalOnDecember14,2006,theNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)issued anOrderconcludingtworatecasesinitiatedbyUWNYandasistercompany,UnitedWaterSouthCounty.Thesetworatecases,Case06-W-0131and06-W-1244,wereconsolidatedandconsideredasonebythePSC(referredtointhisreport

.1ThisPSCOrder(asnotedearlier,referredtothroughoutthisreportasaffiliatedcompanies,UWNY,andUnitedWaterSouthCountyWaterInc.,and establishedthetermsoftherateplanforthemergedcompany.SectionsXIandXIII,andrelatedExhibits8through11,ofthe2006JointProposalsetforthaplanforincreasingtheavailablewatersupplyinthefuturetomeetprojected 1Cases06-W-0131and06-W-0244ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.andUnitedWaterSouthCountyforWaterService,OrderApprovingMergerandAdoptingThree-YearPlan(issuedandeffectiveDecember14,2006).RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docdemands,includingmilestonesforimplementingnewsuppliesandpenaltiesifthemilestonesaremissed.SectionXIofthe2006JointProposalstates:interestfortheCompany[UWNY]toaccelerateitsdevelopmentofnewsourcesofsupply.ItisunderstoodandagreedthatthedevelopmentofthecommitmentsdiscussedinSectionXIIIandExhibit11increasesupply,meetthesupplyneedsofRocklandCountyandspecificallyconsiderthe developmentallowedundercurrentlandusecontrolthroughoutRocklandcontributedtothedevelopmentofthesecommitments.

2Exhibit8ofthe2006JointProposalincludesalistofprojectsthatcouldbeundertakentomeetthewatersupplygoalsintheshortandmedium-term(withanticipatedin-servicedatesin2008and2009).However,the2006JointProposalcommitsUWNYto meetspecificincreasesinsupplyratherthantoimplementtheprojectslisted.Thepeakandyearlyaveragedayvolumecommitmentsthatmustbemetthrough2015are listedinExhibit11ofthe2006JointProposal.ThecommitmentspresentedinExhibit11ofthe2006JointProposalwillincreasethetotalthree-daysustainablepeaksupplyby7.1milliongallonsperday(mgd)by2015,overtheexisting45.5mgdin2006;andwillincreasetheyearlyaveragedailysupplyby1.5mgdby2015,overtheexisting33 mgdin2006.Inaddition,toaddresstheneedforincreasedsupplybeyond2015,the2006JointProposalalsorequiresUWNYtoimplementalong-termwatersupplyprojectandsetsforthmilestonecommitmentsrelatedtoplanning,analysis,permits,andconstructionofthatlong-termwatersupplyprojectsothatitwillbeinservicebytheendof2015.1.1.32010RateOrderandJointProposalOnJuly20,2010,thePSCissuedanOrderconcludingaratecaseinitiatedbyUWNYin2009,Case09-W-0731.

3ThisRateOrder(the2010RateOrder)approvedanewrateplanforUWNYforthethree-yearperiodbeginninginSeptember2010andadoptedandincorporatedthetermsofaJointProposal,datedApril20,2010,(the2010JointProposal)asmodifiedbythe2010RateOrder,representingtheagreementinprinciple reachedbyallactivepartiesinthecase.Thepartiestothe2010JointProposalwereUWNYandstaffoftheDepartmentofPublicService.Whilethetermsofthe2010RateOrderrelateprimarilytothethree-yearrateincrease,the2010RateOrderalsocontinuestheobligationsofthe2006RateOrder,includingthenewwatersupplysourcevolumeandconstructionmilestonesandhydrant maintenanceschedulesestablishedin2006RateOrder.Thenewwatersupplysource 22006JointProposal,p.11.

3Case09-W-0731-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.,OrderAdoptingJointProposalasModifiedandEstablishingaThree-YearRatePlan(issuedandeffectiveJuly20,2010).RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.doccomponentofthe2010RateOrderconstitutestheregulatorymandateandestablishestheneedfortheProposedProjectdescribedinthisreport(whichhadpreviouslybeen establishedinthe2006RateOrder).Duringthe2010RateCase,theTownofRamapononeedforalong-termwatersupplyproject.Amongotherthings,theTownof RamapoarguedthatUnitedWatercouldeliminatetheneedforalong-termwater supplyprojectbystoppingthereleaseofwaterfromLakeDeForestfordownstreamusers(seethediscussioninsection1.3.1.1.1below).Byreconfirminginthe2010RateOrderthemandateofthe2006RateOrderregardingtheneedforalong-termwatersupplyproject,thePSCrejectedtheargumentthattherewasnoneedfortheProposed Project.Inthe2010RateOrder,thePSCalsofoundthatgiventhefinancialinvestmentUWNYhasalreadymadeforthelong-termwatersupplyproject,theincentivemechanism(i.e.,theperformancepayments)isnolongernecessaryorapplicable.1.2PurposeandScopeTheNewYorkEnvironmentalConservationLawestablishesNYSDECasthepowertocontrol,regulate,andpreservethewaterresourcesoftheentirestate.In addition,aspartofitsrole,publicwatersupplyprogram.ANYSDECwatersupplypermitisrequiredbeforeasupplyinconnectionwithanewwatersupplyanyneworadditionalsourceofwatersupplyinconnectionwithanexistingwateractions.4NYSDECregulatesNewYorkStatewatersupplyunderTitle15ofArticle15oftheNewYorkEnvironmentalConservationLaw(ECL).UnderTitle15anditsimplementingregulations(6NYCRRPart601),drinkingwatersupplyisregulatedby NYSDECthroughpublicwatersupplyapplication(WSA)permits,whichsetthewithdrawalamountsandotherconditionsunderwhichdrinkingwatercanbe withdrawnfromeachdrinkingwatersource(6NYCRRPart601).Inaccordancewith6NYCRR§601.6,toissueawatersupplypermit,NYSDECmustdetermine:(1)thattheproposedprojectisjustifiedbythepublicnecessity;(2)thattheapplicantproperlyconsideredothersourcesofwatersupplythatareormaybecomeavailable;(3)thatall workandconstructionconnectedwiththeprojectwillbeproperandsafe;(4)thatthewatersupplywillbeadequatetomeettheneedsoftheproposedservicearea;(5)thattherewillbeproperprotectionandtreatmentofthewatersupplyandwatershed;(6) thattheproposedprojectisjustandequitabletoallaffectedmunicipalitiesandtheirinhabitants,andinparticularwithregardtotheirpresentandfutureneedsforsourcesofwatersupply;and(7)thatanypropertyacquisitionisfairlycompensated.

InaccordancewithECL§15-1503(1),eachapplicantforawatersupplypermitmustdocumentitsexistingandfuturewaterconservationplansaspartofthepermitreviewprocess.

46NYCRR§601.3.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docThepurposeofthisEReportistodemonstratethattheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectisanecessary,technicallysoundmeansoffulfillingUWNYwatersupplyrequirementsidentifiedin2006RateOrderandthe2010RateOrder.showsthattheprojectadequatelymeetsthefutureneedsoftheservicearea,isjustifiedbypublicnecessity,properlyprotectsthecontributingwatersupplysourceandwatershed,andprovidesadequatetreatmentincompliance withdrinkingwaterregulations.ThefollowingkeyaspectsoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectarepresentedinsubsequentsectionsofthisreport.Historicalandcurrentwaterusetrendscombinedwithwaterdemandprojectionsdirectlysupporttheneedforadditionallongtermwatersupplycapacity.Vulnerableconditionoftheexistingsupplyunderdroughtconditions.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwillprovideincreasedlongtermwatersupplycapacityandintroduceanew,morereliablewatersource,theHudson River,whichisnotimpactedbylocaldroughtconditions.WaterqualitydatafromthevicinityoftheproposedintakelocationintheHudsonRiversshowsthatitisanacceptabledrinkingwatersource.DuetothevastsizeoftheHudsonRiveritwillsufficientlysupporttheproposedwithdrawalquantitiesfortheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwillcomplywithalldrinkingwaterregulations.Additionalaspectsoftheprojectwillbeaddressedasfollows:(1)theongoing environmentalreviewfortheprojectwillensurethatallotherpossiblewatersourceswereconsidered,whilemaintainingajustandequitableapproachforalltheaffected municipalities;(2)UWNYisundergoingnegotiationswithU.S.GypsumCompany(USG)forthenecessarylandacquisition;and(3)theprojectwillbedesignedand constructedbasedonsoundengineeringpractices.1.3ProjectDescriptionTheProposedProjectentailsthedevelopmentandoperationofanewwaterintake, intakepumpingstation,andwatertreatmentfacilityintheTownofHaverstraw, RocklandCounty,NewYork.TheProposedProjectwouldcollectandtreatwaterfromtheHudsonRiveranddeliverupto7.5mgdofpotablewatertotheexisting UWNYdistributionsystemservingRocklandCounty,fortheexclusiveuseofUWNYTheProposedProjectwouldallowUWNYtoincreasethecapacityofitswatersupply systemtomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforwaterinRocklandCounty,and thereforeiscriticaltoUWNYRevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docincludingprovidingadequatequantity,quality,andwaterpressuretomeettheprojectedfuturedemandsforcountyresidents,businesses,andfirefighting capabilities.TheProposedProjectwoulddrawwaterthroughanintakestructurelocatedinHaverstrawBayintheHudsonRiver,throughanintakepumpingstationtoawatertreatmentplantviaarawwatertransmissionmain.Atthewatertreatmentplant, waterwouldbetreatedtoremoveimpurities,includingsalinity.ThepotablewaterwouldbetransmittedfromtheplantvianewundergroundwatertransmissionmainsthatwouldconnecttoUWNYandsalinityremovedfromthewaterwouldbeprocessedanddisposedofinaccordancewithapplicablelawsandregulations.1.3.1ProjectSitesfollows:IntakeSite:Thisapproximatelyone-acreparcel(aswellasadditionallandunderwater)locatedonthesouthsideofBeachRoadalongtheHudsonRiverwouldhousetheintakepumpingstationthatwouldpumpwaterfromtheriver.Thesite,currentlyownedbytheUSG,isvacantlandusedforoff-season boatstoragebytheHaverstrawMarinaandisadjacenttotheenclosedconveyorthatisusedbyUSGtomovesuppliesfrombargesthatdockata USGpierintheHudsonRiver.HudsonRiver:WaterwouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystem(describedbelow).Itisanticipatedthatthewaterintake pipelinewouldextendfromtheshorelineoftheIntakeSiteapproximately900feetintotheHudsonRiveroffshoreoftheIntakeSite.Thepipelinewouldbeinstalledinatunnelburiedbelowtheriverbottom.WaterTreatmentPlantSite:This15.38-acrevacantsitelocatedtothewestandsouthoftheclosedTownofHaverstrawLandfillwouldhousethewater treatmentplant.MostoftheWaterTreatmentPlantSite(thenorthernportion) isareclaimedarealocatedwithintheboundaryofthenow-closedHaverstrawLandfill,andisownedbytheTownofHaverstraw.ThesouthernportionoftheSiteisaprivatelyownedvacantparcelcurrentlyownedbyDSBRealtyAssociates,LLC.RawWaterTransmissionMain:HudsonRiverbytheintakepumpingstationwouldbetransmittedtothe watertreatmentplantsiteviaanundergroundrawwatertransmissionmain.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docPotableWaterDistributionMains:PotablewaterfromthewatertreatmentplantwouldbetransmittedtoexistingmainsinUWNYsystemvianewconnectionsfromthewatertreatmentplant.1.3.2WaterTreatmentFacilitiesandProcesses1.3.2.1RawWaterIntakeSystemRawwatertobesuppliedtothenewWaterTreatmentPlantwouldbepumpedfromtheHudsonRiverthroughanintakesystemconsistingofanintakestructureintheHudsonRiver,approximately900feetfromtheshoreline,anintakepipelinefromthe structuretotheshore,andintakepumpingstationontheIntakeSite.Theintakepumpingstationwouldconsistofasinglebuilding,approximately3,000squarefeetinsize,whichwouldhousethepumps,electricalandmechanicalsystems,air compressors,andotherequipment.TheintakesystemwouldbedesignedtominimizeadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesintheHudsonRiver.Theintakeintheriverwouldusefive36-inchcylindrical-shapedwedge-wirescreenswithasmallslotsize(0.5-millimeter),whichwouldminimize potentialadverseeffectstoaquaticresourcesrelatedtopotentialimpingement(inwhichaquaticresourcesarepulledagainstthescreen)orentrainment(inwhichthey aredrawnintotheintake).Theintakesystemwouldbesupportedondeepfoundations(piles)thatwouldextend180to200feetbelowtherivermudline.The intakescreenswouldbelocatedaminimumoffourfeetabovetheriverbottomwhilethetopofthescreenswouldbeapproximately7.36feetbelowthewatersurfaceatmeanlowlowwater(MLLW).Anaircleaningsystemwouldbeusedtoperiodicallycleantheintakescreensofdebrisandtopreventbiofouling,andachemicalcleaning systemwouldbeusedtocleantheinterioroftherawwaterintakeline.Beneaththeriverbottom,a7-footdiameterrawwaterintakesleevewouldhousetheintakewaterpipe,airsupplylinesfortheaircleaningsystem,andsmall-diameterchemical cleaningsupplylinesforthechemicalcleaningsystemthatwouldbeusedtocleantheinsideofthepipes.TheaircleaningsystemwouldconsistofanaircompressorandcompressedairreceiverattheIntakeSite,andfive6-inchairsupplylineswithintheintakesleeve.Thechemicalpipingwouldbecontainedwithinacarrierpipewithin thepipecasingthatalsohousestherawwaterintakepipe.Chemicalsinthepipingwouldnotbeabletoleakintotheriver.Therawwaterintakesystemwouldbeoperatedtodrawhighqualitywaterfromtherivereachday.Toproduce7.5mgdoftreatedwater,amaximumvolumeof10milliongallonswouldbewithdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverduringa24-hourperiod.

Itwouldbepumpedfromtheintakepumpingstationintorawwaterstoragetanksatthewatertreatmentplant,fromwhichitwouldbedrawnfortreatment.TherawwatertransmissionmainwouldtransmittherawwatertotheWaterTreatmentPlantSiteviaanew30-inch-diameterrawwatertransmissionforcemain buriedprimarilybeneathpublicstreets.UndernormalconditionstherawwaterwillnotbealtereduntilitreachestheWaterTreatmentPlantforsubsequenttreatment.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docPeriodically,sodiumhypochloritewillbeaddedtotherawwaterattheintakepumpstationtocontrolbiofoulingintheintakelineandrawwatertransmissionmain.The chlorinatedwaterwillbesubsequentlydechlorinatedinthewatertreatmentprocess.1.3.2.2WaterQualityMonitoringAttheintakepumpingstation,waterqualitywouldbecontinuouslymonitoredtodetectanysignificantchangeinriverwaterqualitythatcouldaffectfinishedwater qualitybeforeitisprocessedatthewatertreatmentplant.Intheeventthatpotentialcontaminationeventsoccur,thewaterqualitymonitoringwouldallowmaximumresponsetimefromthepointthewateriswithdrawnfromtherivertowhenitenters thetreatmentprocess.ThesystemwouldbetiedtoUWNYgreaterSupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)system(discussedbelow)toallowremote, real-timemonitoringbythewatertreatmentplantoperators.Whenapotentialcontaminationeventisidentified,thepossibleresponsesthatmaybetakencanincludeconfirmatoryandmorefrequentwaterqualitysamplingandlaboratoryanalysis;adjustmenttoprocessoperatingconditionstomitigatepotentialupsets;and temporaryshutdownoftheintakepumpingstationuntiltheanomalousconditiondissipatesoruntilsuchtimethattheriverwaterqualityisdeterminedtobe acceptable.1.3.2.3WaterTreatmentProcessThewatertreatmentplantwouldconsistofanintegratedseriesofinterconnected buildingssizedtohousethewatertreatmentequipment,aswellasstoragetanks,potablewaterreservoirs,pumps,andchlorinebasins.ThewaterdrawnfromtheHudsonRiverwouldbesubjectedtoarigorousmulti-steptreatmentprocesstoensurethatitmeetsallapplicablehealthstandardsandiscompatiblewiththeotherwaterinUWNYprovidemultiplebarriersforremovingvariouswaterqualityparametersofconcern, toallowthefinishedwatertomeetorexceedallapplicabledrinkingwaterstandards.

Thepotentialwatertreatmentprocessthatmaybeusedatthewatertreatmentplant,basedonconceptualdesigns,wouldincludethefollowing:Pretreatmentforsolidsremoval:Pretreatmentconsistsofacombinationofprocessestoremoveparticlesthataresuspendedinthewater(i.e.,turbidity),

includingcoagulation,flocculation,andsedimentation.ChemicalsincludingacidforpHadjustmentandcoagulantareaddedinthissteptomaximizethe removalofsuspendedandcolloidalparticulatesinadditiontocertaindissolvedinorganics.Theresultingsludgeisprocessedfurtherforvolume reductionanddisposedofoffisite.Powderedactivatedcarbon(PAC)mayalsobeaddedduringpretreatmenttoimproveremovalsofdissolvedorganicsthroughadsorption.SpentPACwillberemovedanddisposedalongwiththesettledsludge.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docFiltration:Followingpretreatment,thefiltrationprocess(currentlyproposedtousemicrofiltration/ultrafiltration[MF/UF])wouldremovetheremainingparticulatematterandprovideabarriertobacteriaandviruses.Solidsremovedinthefiltrationstepareperiodicallybackwashedfromthefiltersand aresubjectedtofurtherprocessing.Thesesolidsareultimatelycombinedwiththesolidsfromthepretreatmentstepanddisposedofoffsite.ReverseOsmosis(RO):Followingfiltration,theprocesswaterwouldbefreeofsuspendedsolids,atwhichpointitwouldbesubjecttoaROtreatmentsystemthatwouldforcewaterunderhighpressurethroughsemi-permeablemembranestoremovedissolvedconstituents,suchassaltsandmostorganic constituents,fromthefilteredwaterasrequiredbasedontherawwatersalinity.TheresidualwateranddissolvedconstituentswhicharerejectedbytheROmembranesaredischargedasaconcentratedbrinesolution(i.e.,RO concentrate).Intheprocess,chemicalsincludingacid,antiscalant,andsodiumbisulfatemaybeadded.TheROconcentratewillbedischargedbacktotheHudsonRiverthroughtheexistingHaverstrawJointRegionalSewage TreatmentPlant(JRSTP)outfall(SPDES#:NY0028533).TheROconcentratewouldbesentbyforcemaintotheeffluentjunctionboxattheJRSTP,whereiteffluentpipe.RemovalofOrganicContaminants:ThetreatmentprocesscurrentlyincludestheuseofPAC.Inthefutureitispossiblethatafterpre-treatmentandROprocessing,thewaterwouldbere-filteredbypassingitthroughagranularactivatedcarbon(GAC)unittoremoveorganiccontaminants.IfGACisaddedtothetreatmentsystem,itwouldreplacetheuseofPAC.Post-treatment:Thisfinalstepwouldstabilizethewaterandprovidefordisinfection.FinishedWaterStorageandPumping:Finished(treatedorpotable)waterwouldflowtotheabove-gradefinishedwaterstoragereservoirswhereacorrosioninhibitorisaddedpriortothewaterbeingpumpedthroughnewpotablewatermainconnections.Potablewaterdistributionmainswould extendfromthenewwatertreatmentplanttoconnecttoexistingUWNYdistributionwatermains.Atthistime,severaloptionsforthepotablewatermainroutesareunderconsideration.1.3.2.4ResidualsProcessingThewatertreatmentprocesswouldproduceseveralwasteproducts(residuals).The mainresidualstreamsthatwouldneedtobedisposedincludewastewatercreatedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;solidsremovedduringthewatertreatmentprocess;andtheROconcentrateproducedbytheROmembraneprocess.RevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.docAnumberofthetreatmenttrainsusedinthewatertreatmentprocesswouldproducewastewater.Mostofthiswouldberecycledtotheheadofthewatertreatmentplant forre-useinthewatertreatmentprocess.Somewastewater,includingflowsfromclean-in-place(CIP)maintenanceproceduresandothercleaningprocedureswouldbe senttotheJRSTP,whichisadjacenttotheWaterTreatmentPlantSite,viatheexistingsanitarysewer.Thewastewaterfromthewatertreatmentprocesswouldbesenttothe headoftheJRSTPfortreatment.UWNYwouldobtainanIndustrialWastewaterDischargePermitfortheProposedProjectfromtheJointRegionalSewageBoardforthiswaste.Solidsremovedbythepretreatment,andMF/UFprocesseswouldbeintheformofaliquidsludge.Thesludgewouldbethickenedinsludgethickenersanddewateredinbeltfilterpressunitsatthewatertreatmentplant.Theresultingdewateredsludge,or-sitefacility,similartosludgefromtheotherwatertreatmentplantsUWNYoperatesinRocklandCounty.Alternatively,thethickenedsludgefromthewatertreatmentprocesscouldinsteadbeconveyedtotheJRSTPfordewateringandhandlingwiththesludgeproducedbytheTheconcentrategeneratedbytheROprocess(ROconcentrate,orbrine)wouldbesent byforcemaintotheeffluentjunctionboxattheJRSTP,whereitwouldbedischargedin.TheROconcentratewouldusetheTheROconcentratewillbeaddedtotheJRSTPsecondaryeffluentattheexistingeffluent junctionbox.Fromthejunctionbox,theflowisconveyedviaundergroundpipetotheJRSTPoutfalldiffuser(Outfall001)locatedinHaverstrawBay,justsouthoftheTownmarina.Inthisway,thehighsalinityintheROconcentratewouldbemixed withthegreatervolumesofnon-salineeffluentbeingdischargedtotheriver.1.3.3ProjectPhasingTheProposedProjectisbeingdesignedtotreatanddeliverupto7.5mgdofpotablewaterfortheexclusiveuseofUWNYopensforoperation,itwouldinitiallytreatanddeliverupto2.5mgdofpotablewater.AsRexpandedtomeetthatdemand,withtheultimatecapacityat7.5mgd.Exceptwhere otherwisenoted,thisreportdescribestheProposedProjectatitsfullcapacityof7.5 mgd.Asdescribdemandisconsistentwithpopulationforecastspreparedbyplanningagenciesand independentinstitutions.TheProposedProjectwouldbeimplementedinthreeseparatephases,basedongrowthicapacitywouldbeaddedinphasestomeetdemandsratherthanbuildingthe completewatertreatmentplantatonce;theintake,intakepumpingstation,andraw watertransmissionmainswouldbeconstructedtoaccommodatefullproductionRevisedDecember2011 Section1Introduction1-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\ExhibitE-FinalEngineer'sReport-12-8-11\01Section1Intro_12-8-11_CLEAN.doccapacity.ThethreephasesfortheProposedProjectaresummarizedinTable1-1anddescribedbelow.Table1-1PhasingoftheProposedProjectPhaseFinishedWaterProductionCapacityIn-ServiceDatePhase12.5mgd 2015Phase25.0mgdEstimated2020Phase37.5mgdEstimated>2030Bytheendof2015,theinitialphaseoftheProposedProjectwouldbereadyfor operation.Bythattime,theintakepumpingstationandwatertreatmentplantwould beconstructedandoperatingtomeetaninitialproductioncapacityof2.5mgd.Theintakesystemandtherawwatertransmissionlinewouldbeconstructedtoaccommodatetheultimatebuild-outproductioncapacityof7.5mgdtoeliminatesubsequentdisruptionswhenthefacilityisexpanded.Asdemandforwaterincreases, byapproximately2020,additionaltreatmentplantequipmentwouldbeinstalledtobringproductionto5.0mgd.Athirdphasewouldincreasethecapacityoftheintakepumpingstationandthetreatmentcapacityofthewatertreatmentplantto accommodateanultimateprojectedproductioncapacityof7.5mgd.RevisedDecember2011 2-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSection2ExistingSystemInformation2.1UnitedWaterRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemRocklandCountyislocatedonthewestsideoftheHudsonRiverapproximately12milesnorthofNewYorkCity.RocklandCountyconsistsoftheTownsofOrangetown,Ramapo,Clarkstown,Haverstraw,andStonyPoint.Withinthosetownsare19incorporatedvillages.ThesouthernborderofRocklandCountyadjoinsthenorthernbordersofBergenCountyandPassaicCounty,NewJersey.UnitedWaterNewYork(UWNY)isresponsibleforprovidingwatertotheresidentsandbusinessesofRocklandCounty,excludingtheVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,and SouthNyack.Withinthisservicearea,thegreatmajorityofthewaterissuppliedbyUWNY,withasmallamountsuppliedbyprivatewellsforlocationsthatarenotservedbyUWNYsinfrastructureorforuserswhochoosenottouseUWNYssupply.UWNYalsosupplieswatertothebusinesses,institutions,andparksinRockland County,includingthePalisadesInterstateParksystem.Inadditiontopotablewaterforitscustomers,UWNYalsoprovideswaterforfiresuppressionviafirehydrants andfiresystemconnectionsthroughouttheservicearea.

1Figure2-1illustratesUWNYsservicearea.Theexistingwatersupplysystem,includingthewatersources anddistributionsystemaswellashowthesystemismanaged,aredescribedinthissectionofthereport.

22.1.1WaterSourcesUWNYsexistingwatersupplysysteminRocklandCountyiscomposedofa combinationofsurfacewaterandgroundwatersupplies.Theseinclude:twosurfacewatersupplies,theLakeDeForestandLetchworthReservoirs,intheTownsofClarkstownandHaverstraw,respectively,whichtogetherprovideapproximately32percentofthewatersuppliedannuallybyUWNYonanaveragedailybasis;theRamapoValleyWellFieldinRamapo,whichprovides24percentoftheaveragedailysupply;andapproximately50additionalactivesystemwellslocatedthroughout RocklandCounty,whichprovidetheremaining44percentoftheaveragedailysupply.3Thediscussioninthissectiondescribesthecapacityofeachwatersourceintermsof itssafeyield,averagesupply,andpeaksupply,asfollows:ThesewatersupplyelementsareshowninFigure2-1anddescribedbelow.

1UWNYalsooperatesanindependentwatersystem(formerlyoperatedbyUnitedWaterSouthCounty)thatservestheTownsofTuxedo,Warwick,andMonroeinOrangeCounty.ThissystemisseparatefromtheRocklandCountysystemdiscussedinthisDEISandwouldnotbeaffectedbytheProposedProject.2InformationonhowtheproposedHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldaffectmanagementofthe watersupplysystemisprovidedinsection2.4.4ofChapter2,ProjectDescription.

3SeeTable1-3,whichillustratestheaveragewaterproductionfrom2000to2009.

~~"!$%$&'()')&'(&)(+,-.(/*.(+1~*&'(2'2&3(+43(3(~3(+*3(1*,(

5,(

&)(

• 3(

4*/&6&"

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSafeYield:Thecapacityofawatersourceismeasuredfirstbyitssafeyield,alsosometimesreferredtoasdependableyieldorreliableyield.Thisisameasureofthemaximumquantityofwaterthatcanbesustainedfromasource,withoutdepletingthesource,duringacriticallydryperiod,whichisthedroughtof record.Thedroughtofrecordisthedroughtthathadtheworsteffectonavailabilityofwaterfromthewatersource,whichcouldbeasingleyearsdrought oracombinationofseveraldroughtyears.AsdefinedintheTen-StateStandardsdocumentusedbytheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)andNewYorkStateDepartmentofHealth(NYSDOH)asaregulatorystandard, 4Forsurfacewater,thequantityofwateratthesourceshallbeadequatetomeetthemaximumprojectedwaterdemandoftheserviceareaasshownbycalculationsbasedonaoneinfiftyyeardroughtortheextremedroughtofrecord,andshould includeconsiderationofmultipleyeardroughts.thequantityofwaterthatshouldbemaintainedinwatersourceswhichisthesafeyieldissetforthas:Forgroundwater,thetotaldevelopedgroundwatersourcecapacity,unlessotherwisespecifiedbythereviewingauthority,shallequalorexceedthedesignmaximumdaydemandwiththelargestproducingwelloutofservice.Theplanningthresholdfordeterminingsafeyieldforsurfacewatersistheworstdroughtonrecord.Forgroundwater,calculationsofyieldaremorecomplex,sothetermsafeyieldisoftennotappliedtogroundwater.Further,incalculatingits availablegroundwatersupply,inconsultationwiththeRocklandCountyDepartmentofHealth(RCDOH),UWNYdoesnotincludeconsiderationofcapacitywiththelargestproducingwelloutofserviceasrecommendedbytheTen-StateStandards

.AverageSupplyCapacity:Theaveragesupplycapacityofawatersupplyistheamountofwaterthatcanbesustainablyprovidedoveranextendedperiodoftime, typicallyayear.Although,asnotedabove,calculationsofyieldfromgroundwater resourcesiscomplex,ingeneral,theaveragesupplycapacityisequivalenttothesafeyield.PeakSupplyCapacity:Thepeaksupplycapacitydescribestheabilityofawatersourcetoprovidehighvolumesofwateroverashortperiodoftimetomeetan elevateddemand.Typically,thepeaklevelofproductioncanbesustainedonlyforafewdays.TheRCDOHrequiresthatallsupplysourcesbecapableofmeetingthe maximumdaydemandfortwothree-dayperiods.Therefore,UWNYusesthecombinationoftwothree-daypeaksasthepeakperiodforwatersupplyplanningpurposes.AsdefinedintheDecember14,2006RateOrderandtheJuly20,2010 4RecommendedStandardsforWaterWorks

,PoliciesfortheReviewandApprovalofPlansandSpecificationsforPublicWaterSupplies,2007Edition,Part3.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxRateOrderissuedbythePSC,apeakincreaseisdefinedassustainableforthreedays,twicepersummerseason.

5LikeallpublicwatersupplysystemsinNewYorkState,UWNYswatersystemissubjecttoNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC) regulationviaspecificwatersupplypermitsforeachwatersourcethatsettheamountofwaterthatcanbewithdrawnfromeachwatersource.ItisalsosubjecttoNYSDOHregulationsviapermitsthatsettheconditionsforwatertreatmentforeachsource.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtoreflectthesafeyieldofthewatersourceandthe capacityofthewatertreatmentfacilitiesateachsource.Thecomponentsoftheexistingwatersupplysystem,includingtheirsafeyield,permitconditions,and factorsthataffecttheirreliability,aredescribedbelow.2.1.1.1LakeDeForestLakeDeForestisa985-acre,5.6-billion-gallonreservoirintheTownofClarkstown,NewYork,thatsuppliesapproximately32percentoftheaveragedailywaterthatUWNYprovidestoRocklandCountyonanannualbasis.LakeDeForestissuppliedbytheHackensackRiver,locatedinthe26-square-mileHackensackRiverwatershedinRocklandCounty.Thereservoir,itsdam,andtheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantwereconstructedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompany(thepredecessortoUWNY)andbeganoperationin1956.WaterwithdrawnfromLakeDeForestistreatedattheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantatthesouthernendofthereservoirbeforebeingpumpedintothewaterdistributionsystem.Thetreatmentplantusesstandardwatertreatmenttechnologies,includingflocculation,dissolvedairflotation(clarification),filtration, andchlorination,toproducecleandrinkingwaterincompliancewithdrinkingwaterstandards.Asdiscussedinmoredetailbelow,downstreamofLakeDeForest,theHackensackRiveralsoprovidesdrinkingwatertotheVillageofNyackinRocklandCountyandanumberofcommunitiesinBergenandHudsonCountiesinNewJersey.InformationonhowUWNYmanagesLakeDeForestisprovidedlaterinthissection.SafeYieldofLakeDeForest ThesafeyieldofLakeDeForesti.e.,theamountofwaterthatcanbecontinuouslywithdrawnfromthereservoirduringaperiodofdroughtequivalenttotheworst droughtofrecordhasbeendeterminedtobe19.75milliongallonsperday(mgd).However,asdiscussedbelow,thewatersupplypermitforLakeDeForestrequiresreleaseofsomeofthatyieldfordownstreamusersandtomaintaindownstreamriparianrights.Aftersatisfyingthosepermitrequirements,thesafeyieldofLakeDeForestforRocklandCountyis10mgd.

52006RateOrder(Exhibit11oftheJointProposal)and2010RateOrder(Appendix7totheJointProposal).

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxPermitConditionsforLakeDeForestWithdrawalofwaterfromLakeDeForestisgovernedbyNYSDECwatersupplypermitWSA2189andthevolumeofwaterthatcanbeproducedatthewatertreatmentplantisgovernedbytheapprovalforitsoperationfromNYSDOH.WSA2189wasissuedin1952andwassubsequentlymodified;thepermitnowineffectistheSixthModifyingDecision,issuedbyNYSDECin1982.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtomaintaintheecologicalhealthoftheriverandtheriparian rightsofdownstreamcommunities.Asdiscussedbelow,thepermitobligatesUWNYtomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdorgreaterintheHackensackRiver immediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.DailyrecordsdemonstratingcompliancewiththisflowconditionareprovidedtoNYSDEC.AccordingtoWSA2189,atleast10mgdofthewaterinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.Inadditiontothat10 mgd,WSA2189establishestheamountofwaterthatmustbemaintainedintheHackensackRiverdownstreamoftheLakeDeForestDam,whichdependsonthewatersupplyinthereservoirandtheconditionsinthethreedownstreamreservoirsLakeTappan,WoodcliffLake,andOradellReservoir.WSA2189establishesa reservoiroperatingcurve,orRuleCurve,whichisameasuretobeusedtodeterminetheamountofwaterthatmaybereleasedfordownstreamcommunities.

Accordingtothepermit,theRuleCurvewasestablishedtoensurethatRocklandCountyswatersupplyneedsandthoseofdownstreamusersaremetunderboth normalanddroughtconditions.UsingtheRuleCurve,WSA2189specifiestheamountofwaterthatmustbereleasedfromLakeDeForestandtheadditionalamountthatmaybereleased,whichvariesthroughouttheyeardependingontheamountofwaterpresentinLakeDeForestand ontheamountofwaterpresentinthethreedownstreamreservoirs.Thepermitconditionsestablishaminimumreleasefordownstreamusersof9.75mgdandprovideforincreasedreleaseswhenLakeDeForesthasadequatewater(and thereforeitisabovetheRuleCurve)andthedownstreamreservoirsarelessthanhalffull.Consistentwiththesepermitconditions,andinconsultationwiththevarious stakeholders,UWNYroutinelyreleaseswaterfromtheLakeDeForestDamtotheHackensackRiver.Asnotedabove,WSA2189requiresthatatleast10mgdofthewaterinLakeDeForestisforeverreservedfortheneedsoftheinhabitantsofRocklandCounty.To preservethesafeyieldinthereservoir(whichis10mgdforRocklandCounty)incaseofdroughtconditions,UWNYoperatesLakeDeForesttoprovideanannualaverage of10mgdforRocklandCountycustomersfromLakeDeForest.Ahigherflowcanbewithdrawnfromthereservoirduringpeaksummermonths,butflowmustbereducedatothertimesoftheyeartomaintainatotalaveragethatmeetstheannualaveragerequirement.Forexample,in2005,whensummerdemandrequiredLake Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxDeForestproductionlevelsofapproximately20mgd,theflowwasreducedto7mgdinOctoberandNovemberand5mgdinDecembertolimittheannualaverage productionto10mgd.TheLakeDeForestWaterTreatmentPlantisoperatedsubjecttoanapprovalfromNYSDOH,issuedin2003(LogNo.16321,CWSNY4303673),whichlimitsdailyintakeofrawwatertothetreatmentplantto20.8mgd,withamaximumdailyproductionofupto20mgd,andtherunningannualaverageintakeofrawwaterto10mgd.ReliabilityofLakeDeForestLakeDeForestcanreliablyprovidethe10mgdofwatertoRocklandCountythatissetbyitspermitlimits.Inaddition,LakeDeForestcanbeusedonashort-termbasis(peak)at20mgd,aslongasitsaverageyieldonanannualbasisremainsat10mgd.

However,likeanyreservoirsupply,thesupplyinLakeDeForestisentirelydependentonrainfallamountsinitsrelativelysmallwatershed,locatedentirely withinRocklandCounty.2.1.1.2LetchworthReservoirsThethreeLetchworthReservoirs,locatedinHarrimanStateParkintheMinisceongo Creekwatershed,haveatotalcapacityof173milliongallons.TheLetchworthreservoirsystemwasoriginallydevelopedasthewatersupplyfortheformerstatepsychiatricinstitutionatLetchworthVillage(intheTownsofStonyPointand Haverstraw).In2006,UWNYenteredintoalong-termleasewiththePalisadesInterstateParkCommissionforuseoftheLetchworthReservoirs,madeimprovementstothewatertreatmentplantandpipingconnections,andbeganoperatingtheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlantasanadditionalsourcefortheUWNYdistributionsystem.WaterfromthereservoirsistreatedattheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlantforuseinthewaterdistributionsystem.Thetreatmentplant usesstandardwatertreatmenttechnologies,includingflocculation,clarification,filtration,andchlorination,toproducecleandrinkingwaterincompliancewithdrinkingwaterstandards.Useofthereservoirsissubjecttotheconditionsofthelong-termlease,whichprotecttherecreationuseoftheseresourceslocatedinthePalisades InterstateParksystem.UWNYtypicallyusestheLetchworthsystemasapeakingsource,toprovidewaterduringthepeakdemandseason(i.e.,MaythroughSeptember).Overthepast10years,theLetchworthReservoirshaveprovidedlessthan1percentofUWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.Inthethreefullyearsthatthe LetchworthReservoirshavebeenoperatedbyUWNY(2007-2009),thesereservoirsprovidedanaverageof1.5percentofUWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSafeYieldofLetchworthReserviorsThesafeyieldoftheLetchworthReservoirsis1.0mgd.PermitConditionsforLetchworthReservoirsTheNYSDECwatersupplypermitfortheLetchworthReservoirs,WSA9947,allowswithdrawalof1mgdonanannualaveragebasisandamaximumof45milliongallonsinamonth.Thepermitalsosetsconditionsregardingreleasesofwaterbetweenthethreereservoirs,topreservewaterinthereservoirsystemwithout allowinganyofthereservoirstobecometoodepleted.Allwateriswithdrawnfromthefirstreservoir.Thepermitsetsthefollowingconditions:A.Whenwatersupplywithdrawalfromthefirstreservoirisgreaterthan0.8mgd,thefollowingconditionsapply:1.Watermustbereleasedfromthesecondreservoirinanamountequaltotheamountwithdrawnfromthefirstreservoirabove0.8mgd.2.Ifthefirstreservoirreaches30percentofitscapacity,watermustbereleasedfromthesecondreservoiratarateequaltothefirstreservoirwithdrawal.3.Ifthesecondreservoirreaches30percentofitscapacity,watermustbereleasedfromthethirdreservoirinanamountequaltothefirstreservoirwithdrawal.B.Ifstorageineachreservoirreaches30percent,releasefromthethirdreservoirshallceaseandthefirstreservoirwithdrawalshallnotexceed0.5mgd.C.Ifstorageinthesecondandfirstreservoirsreach10percent,allwatersupplywithdrawalsfromthefirstreservoirshallcease.Inaddition,ifthecapacityofthethirdreservoirhasreached30percentintwo consecutiveoperatingyears,UWNYmustundertakeanassessmentofthefisheries resourcesincludinghabitatandaquaticvegetationineachreservoirduringthenextoperatingyear.WSA9947doesnotrequirethatareleasebemadetothestreamimmediatelybelowthemostdownstreamdam,HorseChockBrook.TheNYSDOHapprovalfortheLetchworthWaterTreatmentPlant(LogNo.17981,NY4303673)allowsitsoperationatanannualaverageof1.0mgd,withmonthlyproductionnotexceeding45milliongallonspermonth.TheNYSDOHapproval allowsaseasonalpeakproductionof3.0mgd.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxReliabilityofLetchworthReservoirsLikeLakeDeForest,theLetchworthReservoirsandwatertreatmentplantcanreliablyprovidetheamountofwatersetbytheirpermitlimits.However,likeanyreservoirsupply,thesupplyintheLetchworthReservoirsisentirelydependentonrainfall amountsinitsrelativelysmallwatershed,locatedentirelywithinRocklandCounty.2.1.1.3RamapoValleyWellFieldTheRamapoValleyWellFieldconsistsof10shallowwellsthatdrawgroundwater fromtheRamapoAquiferontheeasternbankoftheRamapoRiver,immediatelyupstreamoftheNewJerseyborderintheVillageofHillburnandTownofRamapoinRocklandCounty.ThewellfieldwasdevelopedandimplementedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompanythroughthe1970s,withthelastwellcomingonlinein1981.

Waterfromthe10wellsintheRamapoValleyWellFieldispumpedintoacommontransmissionmaintoonecentralpumpstation,wherethewateristreatedtoremove volatileorganiccompoundsandchlorinated.TheRamapoValleyWellFieldcomponentofUWNYssystemalsoincludesarelatedsurfacewatersource,Potake Pond,whichisusedtoaugmentflowintheRamapoRivertosupportoperationofthewellfield.TheRamapoValleyWellFieldprovidesapproximately24percentoftheaveragedailywatersupplyintheUWNYsysteminRocklandCountyonanannualbasis,butlessduringthesummerpeakwhenthissourcecanbeadverselyaffectedby lowprecipitation,whichcanaffectthegroundwaterandflowintheRamapoRiver.TheRamapoAquiferishydraulicallyconnectedtosurfacewaterflowsintheadjacentRamapoRiver(i.e.,waterflowsbackandforthbetweenthetwodependingontherelativewaterlevelsofeach);thewellfieldswaterisdrawnbyinfiltrationfromtheriverthroughpermeablesandandgraveltothewells.MostoftheRamapoRiversdrainageareaisupstreaminOrangeCounty.UWNYuseswaterstoredinPotakePond,areservoirthatstraddlestheNewYork-NewJerseyborder,tosupplementtheflowofwaterintheRamapoRiversothatthewellfieldcanremainoperationalwhenflowsintheriverwouldotherwisebetoolow.

WateriswithdrawnfromPotakePondthroughanintakestructureandcarriedbypipetoabrookthatfeedstheRamapoRiver.SafeYieldofRamapoValleyWellFieldUWNYhasbeenabletoreliablyextractanannualaverageofabout7mgdfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldwhenitcanbeoperated.However,asdescribedinthediscussionofpermitconditionsbelow,duringperiodsoflowflowintheRamapo River,thewellfieldisnotasproductiveand/orcannotbeoperatedbecauseoflimitationssetbyitswatersupplypermitfromNYSDEC,whichrequiresaminimum passingflowintheriverimmediatelydownstreamofthewellfield.DuringpeaksummerconditionswhenRamapoRiverflowsarelow,thesustainablewithdrawal ratefromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldisabout4mgdonaverage.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxThissustainablerateispossiblebecauseoftheaugmentationofriverflowbyreleasesfromPotakePond.Priorto2003,UWNYhadaleaseagreementtotakewaterfrom PotakePondandanothernearbywaterbody,CranberryPond,toaugmentflowintheRamapoRiver.In2003,UWNYpurchasedPotakePond,constructedapipelinefrom thepondtoNakomaBrook(atributaryoftheRamapoRiver),andconsolidatedthewatersupplypermittowithdraw190milliongallonsfrombothwaterbodiesthrough PotakePond,whichhasatotalvolumeofapproximately700milliongallons.PermitConditionsforRamapoValleyWellField WithdrawalofwaterfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldisgovernedbyNYSDECwatersupplypermitWSA6507,whichwasissuedin1976;aModifyingDecisionforthispermitwasissuedin1982.ThepermitwasdevelopedinaccordancewithtermsofstipulationswiththeVillageofHillburnandwiththeNewJerseyDepartmentofEnvironmentalProtection.Thepermitconditionsareintendedtomaintainthe ecologicalhealthoftheRamapoRiverandtheriparianrightsofdownstreamcommunities,includingtheVillageofSuffernandcommunitiesinNewJerseythatalsousetheRamapoRiverfordrinkingwaterorotherpurposes.WSA6507permitsatotalof14mgdtobewithdrawnfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldonanygivenday,butthetotalamountofwaterpumpedinanygivenmonthmaynotexceedanaverageof10mgdforthatmonth.

6WhenflowintheRamapoRiverattheSufferngaugeislowerthan10mgdbutgreaterthan8mgd,maximumwithdrawalof8to10mgdispermitted.ThatconditionispermittedaslongasflowintheRamapoRiverataU.S.GeologicalService(USGS)gaugedownstreamofthewellfield,inSuffern,isgreaterthan10mgd.Whenflowintheriverislessthan10mgdattheSufferngauge,permittedwithdrawalsarelower:WhenflowintheRamapoRiverattheSufferngaugeisatorbelow8mgd,nowithdrawalispermitted.

7The1982ModifyingDecisiontoWSA6507addedanewconditionrequiringa detailedfeasibilitystudyofalternativecorrectivemeasuresneededtoensurethattheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanbeusedmostofthetime,toincreasethereliabilityof thewellfield.Theconditionrequiredthatspecialemphasisbeplacedonthealternativeoflowflowaugmentationfromupstreamlakesorreservoirs.TheuseofPotakePondwasdevelopedinresponsetothe1982ModifyingDecision.UseofPotakePondwasallowedbyNYSDECpermitNo.3-3926-00207/0003-0,issued 6ConditionDofWSA6507states:Thetotalvolumeofwaterpumpedfromanycombinationofthe10RamapoValleywellsshallnotexceed14mgdonanygivendayandthetotalamountofwaterpumpedinanycalendarmonthshallnotexceedthefigureobtainedbymultiplyingthenumberofdaysinthatmonthbyanaveragepumpingrateof10mgd.

7WhentheRamapoValleyWellFieldisnotoperating,thepermitdoesnotrequireUWNYtomaintaina minimumflowintheRamapoRiver.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation2-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxin1993andlatermodifiedbyWSA8620,issuedin2002.WSA8620permitsreleaseofwaterfromPotakePondforaugmentationoftheRamapoRiveratarateof10mgdor lessperday,withmaximumdrawdownnottoexceedusageoftheupper7feetofthepond(190milliongallons).Thesereleasesshalloccuronlywhennecessaryand effectiveinenablinguseoftheRamapoValleyWellFieldbyraisingtheflowoftheRamapoRivertoatleast8mgdwhenmeasuredattheSufferngauge.Thispermit doesnotrequireaminimumreleasetoawaterbodydownstreamofPotakeandCranberryPonds.ReliabilityofRamapoValleyWellFieldBecauseofthewellfieldsconnectiontotheRamapoRiveranditspermitrestrictionstoprotectflowsintheriver,pumpingfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanbeunavailablewhenprecipitationislow.Thistypicallyoccursduringlatesummerandfall,butitcouldalsooccurduringotherseasonsintheeventofadrought.As discussedlaterinthischapter,thesummerseasonistheperiodwhenwaterdemandinRocklandCountyisthegreatest,sothislimitationtooneofthekeycomponentsofthewatersupplysystemadverselyaffectsthesystemsreliabilitywhenitismost needed.2.1.1.4SystemWellsInadditiontotheRamapoValleyWellField,UWNYalsooperates50otherwells throughoutRocklandCountythattogetherprovideapproximately44percentofUWNYswatersupply.Thesesystemwellsincludedeepbedrockwells,primarily locatedinthesouthernhalfofRocklandCounty(intheTownsofRamapo,Clarkstown,andOrangetown),andshallowwellsinglacialsandandgravel(overburden)locatedneartheMahwahRiver,MinisceongoCreek,andSparkillCreek.Waterfromthesystemwellsispumpedtothesurface,andcollectedatwaterstoragetanksthroughoutRocklandCounty.Waterfromthewellsistreatedwithsodiumhypochlorite(i.e.,chlorine)and/orothercommonlyusedwatertreatmentchemicals.Someofthewellsincludeairstripperstotreatgroundwatercontaminationresultingfromgasoline,drycleaningsolvents,andothervolatileorganiccompounds.

Wellsaresusceptibletocontaminationfromsurroundingdevelopment,andasmallnumberofwells(inadditiontothe50activewells)arenotinusebecausetheiryieldislowandtheirwaterhasbecomecontaminated.SafeYieldofSystemWellsAsnotedabove,theconceptofsafeyieldisdifficulttoapplytogroundwaterresources.Thetotalcapacityofthewellsisdeterminedbythecapacityoftheirpumpsandbythegroundwaterconditionsatthewell.SomeofUWNYssystemwellsare closelyspacedandcannotbeoperatedsimultaneouslywithoutadverselyaffectingproductionoftheotherwells.Allthewellscanoperatesimultaneouslytomeetpeakdemands,butthiscannotbecontinuedonasustainedbasis.Moreover,operatingthe Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxwellsattheirpeakcapacityformorethanafewdayswouldadverselyaffectgroundwaterlevelsintheaquifer.Intotal,UWNYssystemwellsservingRocklandCountyhavearecognizedpeakcapacityofabout24.3mgdandanaveragecapacityof15.13mgdonalongerterm (annual)basis.Asnotedabove,theTen-StateStandardsguidancesuggeststhatthesafeyieldofasystemofwellscanbeconsideredasthedesignmaximumdaydemand withthelargestproducingwelloutofservice.However,incalculatingitsavailablegroundwatersupply,UWNYdoesnotincludeconsiderationofcapacitywiththelargestproducingwelloutofserviceasrecommendedbytheTen-StateStandards

.TakingthisfactorintoaccountwouldreducetheaverageandpeakcapacityofUWNYssystemwellsbyapproximately1.5mgd.PermitConditionsforSystemWellsWithdrawalratesatsystemwellsaregovernedbyNYSDECpermits,basedontheresultsofaquifertestingateachwell.Inaddition,theNYSDOH,incoordinationwithRCDOH,issuesapprovalsforpublicwatersupplywellsrelatedtotheirconstruction,operation,anddecommissioning.Theseapprovalscoverthelocation,drillingmethodanddesignofthewell,constructionandoperationofthewellpumps,andwellyield.ReliabilityofSystemWellsGroundwaterlevelsinRocklandCountyaretypicallylowerinthesummerthanatothertimesoftheyearbecauseofacombinationofreducedprecipitationresultingin areductioninrechargeoftheaquiferandhigherdemands.Thiscanadverselyaffecttheperformanceofsystemwellsandresultintheneedtoreducepumpingratesfrom thewells.Inaddition,asnotedearlier,acontinuingchallengeforUWNYssystemwellsisprotectingthemfromcontaminationthatmayresultfromsurrounding development.2.1.1.5SummaryofRequiredReleasesAsdiscussedabove,useofeachofUWNYswatersourcesisgovernedbywatersupplypermitsissuedbyNYSDEC.Thosepermitssettheamountofwaterthatcanbewithdrawnforuseasdrinkingwater,and,formanysources,theyalsodictatetheamountofwaterthatmustbereleaseddownstreamtosupportstreamflowssoasto maintainecologicalconditions,riparianrights,andtheotherrightsofdownstreamwaterusers.TheseconditionsaresummarizedinTable2-1.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-11W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxTable2-1PermitRequirementsforExistingWaterSupplySystemSources WaterSourceIdentificationWSA#PermittedWithdrawalPermitConditions:ObligationstoSupportStreamFlowsWaterBodyReleaseRequirementsLakeDeForest5.6billiongallonreservoirWSA218910mgdaverage20mgdpeakHackensackRiverPermitestablishesRuleCurvetodetermineamountofwater thatmustandmaybereleased downstreamtomaintain riparianrightsanddownstreamreservoirs.PermitrequiresUWNYtomaintainadailyaverageflowof9.75mgdorgreaterinthestreamimmediatelyabovetheintakeworksoftheVillageofNyack.LetchworthReservoirsThreereservoirswithtotalcapacityof173milliongallonsWSA99471mgdaverage3mgdpeakHorseChock BrookPermitregulateswater releasesbetweenthethree LetchworthReservoirsto ensurenonebecomestoo depleted.Permitdoesnotrequirespecificreleasetothestreamdownstreamofthird reservoir.RamapoValleyWellField(RVWF)10shallowwellsthatdrawgroundwaterfromtheRamapoAquiferneartheRamapoRiverWSA6507DependsonflowinRamapoRiverRamapoRiverPermittedwithdrawaldependsontheamountofflowintheRamapoRiverdownstreamofthewellfield.Whentheflowisgreaterthan10mgd,maximumwithdrawalispermitted.Whentheflowisbetween8and10mgd,lesswithdrawalispermittedandwhentheflowisatorbelow8mgd,nowithdrawalispermitted.PotakeandCranberryPondsusedtoaugmentRamapoRivertosupportRVWFWSA862010mgdPermitdoesnotrequirea specificreleasetothestream downstreamofPotakeandCranberryPonds.SystemWells50wellsthroughoutRocklandCountyMultiple15.9mgdaverage24.44mgdpeak NYSDECpermitsgovernwithdrawalratesatsystemwellsbasedonresultsofaquifertestingateachwell.2.1.2WaterDistributionSystem2.1.2.1RocklandCountySystemUWNYswaterdistributionsysteminRocklandCountyconsistsofmorethan1,000milesofwatermains,14storagetanks,and14boosterpumpstations.Waterenters thewaterdistributionsystemfromthewatertreatmentplantsandpumpstationsdescribedaboveandistransmittedthroughwatermainsfordistributioninRockland County.Thewaterdistributionsystemisdividedinto15pressuredistricts,whichareareasofsimilargroundelevationwithinwhichonecommonhydraulicgradient (waterpressure)ismaintained.Pumpstationsareusedtotransmitthewaterthroughthemainsattheappropriatepressureforeachpressuredistrict.Pressure-reducing Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-12W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxvalvesreducethepressuresowatercanflowfromdistrictswithhigherpressuretodistrictswithlowerpressure.Pumpstationsareusedtopumpwaterintheopposite direction(i.e.,fromlowerpressuresystemstohigherpressuresystems).Watercanbetransmittedbetweenpressuredistrictsthroughtheuseofappropriatelysizedpipes andpumpingstationsthatbringthewatertothecorrectpressurefortherespectivedistrict.However,thedesignofthetransmissionsystemlimitstheamountofwater thatcanbedistributedtopressuredistrictsbeyondwherethesupplyisgenerated.Figures2-2,2-3,and2-4showtherelationshipofthepressuredistricts,hydraulicgradeline,andwatersourcesinUWNYssystem.UWNYhasaSupervisoryControlandDataAcquisition(SCADA)systemusedto collectandcoordinateinformationfromallelementsofthewatersupplysystem.Amongotherthings,theSCADAsystemmonitorstheproduction,demands,pressures,andamountofwaterineachstoragetankthroughoutthesystem.SupervisorypersonnelmonitortheSCADAsystem24hoursperday.2.1.2.2ConnectionstoOtherSystemsUWNYswatersupplysysteminRocklandCountyislargelyself-contained,withonlylimitedconnectionsoutsidethecountyboundaries.However,asmallnumberof connectionsexistfromtheRocklandCountysystemtoothersystemsnotmanagedbyUWNY.Asdiscussedbelow,thesewatermainconnectionsarepredominantly availableforemergenciesandarenotregularlyused.TheinterconnectionsareshowninFigure2-1aboveandincludethefollowing:VillageofNyack:FiveemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheVillageofNyackswatersystemandtheUWNYsystem.VillageofSuffern:ThreeemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheVillageofSuffernswatersystemandtheUWNYsystem.NewJersey:AlongtheRocklandCounty-NewJerseyborder,therearefivelocationswithemergencyinterconnectionsbetweentheUWNYandUnitedWaterNewJerseysystems.Inaddition,theVillageofHillburninRocklandCountypurchasesitswateronawholesalebasisfromUWNY,pursuanttothetermsofWSA6507(thepermitfortheRamapoValleyWellField)anagreementbetweenUWNYandtheVillageofHillburn,datedJuly30,1975asamended.Thiswaterisprovidedonadailybasisviaawatermainconnection.UWNYsupplieswateronadailybasistoasmallnumberofcustomersinMontvale,NewJerseyviatwowatermainconnectionsacrosstheNewYork-New Jerseyborder.Onaverage,atotalofapproximately110,000gallonsperday(gpd)is providedtothesecustomersinMontvale.UWNYiscurrentlyseekingpermitsfora

"#$%""&%&&&#&"'(#%#(#&)&)#+,!

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-13W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxnewMontvalepumpstationthatwillallowUnitedWaterNewJerseytoprovidewatertothisNewJerseycommunity.AgreementsbetweenUWNYandtheadjacentwatersupplycompaniesgovernwhentheemergencyconnectionsareused.Inaddition,anintercompanyagreement betweenUWNYandUnitedWaterNewJersey(originallyexecutedbytheSpringValleyWaterCompanyandtheHackensackWaterCompany)setsforththeallocationofcostsassociatedwithmaintainingtheLakeDeForestDam.2.1.3WaterSystemManagementandAvailableWaterSupplyUWNYmeetsthedemandforwaterwithamixofwaterfromthesourcesdiscussed above.8Table2-2UWNYRocklandCountyWaterSupplySystemCapacity(mgd)(asofJune30,2011)Theamountofwaterprovidedfromeachsourcedependsontheavailabilityofwaterfromthatsourceanditspermitconditions,whichprotectthewatersource, qualityofthewaterproduced,aquaticlifeandecology,andtheriparianrightsof downstreamwaterusers.ThemixofwatersourcesavailabletoUWNYallowsittoprovidewatertomeettheannualaveragedemandandtomeetshort-termdemands,whichduringpeakperiodscanbe50to60percenthigherthantheaverageannual demand.ThecurrentproductioncapacityofUWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystemforaveragedayandpeakdayconditionsissummarizedinTable2-2.Asnotedearlier,theaveragedaysupplyisequivalenttothesafeyield,orthesupplythatcanbereliablyprovidedoveranextendedperiodoftimeduringdroughtconditions equivalenttothoseinthedroughtofrecord.WaterSourceAverageDaySupply(SafeYield)PeakDaySupplyLakeDeForest/WaterTreatmentPlant 10.00 20.00LetchworthReservoirs/WaterTreatmentPlant 1.00 3.00RamapoValleyWellField7.004.00SystemWells 15.9 24.44Total 33.9 51.44Throughouttheyear,theamountofwaterthatcanbeprovidedfromeachsourcevariesdependingontheamountofprecipitationandtheotherfactorsthataffect compliancewithpermitconditions.Asdescribedintheprevioussection,thepermitforLakeDeForestallowsanannualaveragewithdrawalof10mgd,andUWNYsapproachtomeetwaterdemandsistowithdraw10mgdasanannualaveragefrom LakeDeForestwiththeremainderofthewaterbeingsuppliedbytheothersources.Inotherwords,UWNYmaximizestheuseofLakeDeForesttotheextentallowedbyits 8InformationonUnitedWatersmanagementofLakeDeForestwhentheProposedProjectisoperatingisprovidedinsection2.4.4ofChapter2,ProjectDescription.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-14W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxpermitandtheamountofitssafeyieldthatisreservedforRocklandCounty(10mgd).Duringsummermonths,whendemandistypicallyhigher,UWNYdrawslargervolumesfromLakeDeForest.Thiscompensatesforthelowervolumesthatcan typicallybewithdrawnfromtheRamapoValleyWellFieldduringthattime,whenvolumesintheRamapoRivertendtobelower.However,thisuseofmorethan10mgdonamonthlyaverageoverthesummerfromLakeDeForestmeansthatUWNYmustreducetheflowdrawnfromthereservoiratothertimesoftheyeartomaintain theannualaverageof10mgdrequiredtoprotectLakeDeForestssafeyield.AreviewofmonthlywaterproductionrecordsfromeachofthewatersourcesservingUWNYsRocklandCountyserviceareaoverthepast11years(2000-2010,butexcludingthedroughtyearof2002) 9Table2-3AverageMonthlyWaterProduction,2000-2010,ExcludingDroughtYear(2002)illustratestheadjustmentsmadeoverthecourseoftheyeartoprovideenoughwatertomeetthedemandwhilecomplyingwith permitconditions.ThisinformationispresentedinTable2-3andFigure2-5;moredetailedinformationisprovidedinAppendixA.

MonthLakeDeForestRamapoValleyWellFieldSystemWellsLetchworthReservoirsTotal mgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalmgd%ofTotalJanuary7.828.47.728.112.043.50.00.027.6100.0 February8.129.17.627.512.043.50.00.027.7100.0March8.129.27.828.211.842.60.00.027.7100.0April8.530.18.128.711.641.10.00.028.1100.0 May9.531.17.925.713.142.80.10.430.6100.0June11.434.37.622.713.941.80.41.233.3100.0July12.436.06.619.115.043.50.51.434.5100.0August11.935.46.318.715.044.40.51.533.8100.0September10.934.96.320.213.743.80.41.131.3100.0October8.931.76.422.912.644.90.20.628.0100.0November7.728.97.427.611.643.10.10.426.8100.0December7.527.97.527.711.944.20.00.127.0100.0AnnualAverage9.431.77.324.512.943.30.20.629.7100.0Note:UWNYbeganoperationofLetchworthReservoirsinAugust2006.AsshowninTable2-3,overthepast11years(excluding2002)LakeDeForestwasusedtoprovideapproximately32percentofthewatersuppliedeachyear,withthe 9Duringthedroughtyearof2002,mandatorywaterrestrictionswereimposedbytheRCDOH,whichresultedinlowerthannormalwaterconsumption.Thisyearthereforedoesnotreflecttypicalwater consumptioninRocklandCounty.

Section2ExistingSystemInformation 2-15W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\02Section2_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxRamapoValleyWellFieldproviding25percentandthesystemwells43percent.TheLetchworthReservoirs,whichhavebeenoperatedforfourfullyears(2007-2010) providedlessthan1percent.(InthefourfullyearsthattheLetchworthReservoirshavebeenoperatedbyUWNY,thesereservoirsprovidedanaverageof1.4percentof UWNYsaveragedailywatersupplyforRocklandCounty.)Duringthesummermonths(June,July,August,andSeptember),whentheRamapoValleyWellField oftenbecomesunavailableandthedemandforwaterpeaks,LakeDeForestwasusedtosupply35percentofthewaterproduced(withamonthlyaverageof11.7mgd),whiletheRamapoValleyWellFieldwasusedfor20percent(monthlyaverageof6.7mgd)andthesystemwellsmostoftheremainder(14.4mgd,43percent).Letchworth Reservoirssupplied0.4mgd,or1.3percent,ofthatsummerdemandwhenaveragedoverthat10-yearperiod.(However,whenaveragedoverthefouryearswhenUWNY operatedtheLetchworthReservoirwatertreatmentplant,theaveragesummersupplyprovidedbythatsourcewas0.9mgd,or2.8percentofthetotalsupply.)Duringwintermonths,useofLakeDeForestwaslower,sothatthe10mgdannualaveragerequiredbyitsNYSDOHwatersupplypermitcouldbemaintained.During thesummerandearlyfall,demandforwaterissubstantiallyhigherthanduringtherestoftheyear.Duringthispeaktime,UWNYcanmeetthehigherdemandbyprovidingadditionalwaterfromitswatersources,aslongasthisadditionaldrawisnotsustainedforlongperiodsoftime.SomeofthefactorsthatcontributetoUWNYsabilitytomeetexistingpeakdemandsinclude:UseoftheLetchworthReservoirsduringthesummermonthstoprovidewaterduringperiodsofhighdemands.UseofPotakePondtoaugmentRamapoRiverflowsothattheRamapoValleyWellFieldcanremaininusewhenflowsintheriverwouldotherwisebetoolow.Provisionofupto20mgdfromLakeDeForestforshortperiodsoftime.Useofsystemwellsathigherratesforshortperiodsoftime.Inaddition,asdiscussedlaterinSection3,UWNYiscontinuingtoimproveitssystemtoenhanceitsabilitytomeetpeakdemands.

3-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxSection3PurposeandNeed3.1ExistingandFutureWaterDemandUnitedWaterNewYorks(UWNY)RocklandCountysupplysystemcurrentlyprovideswaterforapredominantlyresidentialcustomerbase.Today,theavailablesupplyisadequatetomeetthedemandforwaterovermostoftheyear,includingduringthesummerandearlyfallpeakseason,whendemandismuchhigher.Inthefuture,waterdemandisprojectedtogrowaspopulationintheserviceareagrows, andinthelong-term,anadditionalwatersupplysourcewillbeneededtomeetdemandandtocontinuetoprovidewaterforfire-fightingandotherpublicsafetyneeds.Theexistingandfuturewaterdemandcharacteristicsoftheserviceareaare describedbelow.3.1.1WaterDemandCharacteristicsThissectionofthereportdescribestheexistingwaterdemandpatternsandtrendsforUWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystem.Theseincludethedemandforwater onanannualaveragebasisaswellasduringthepeakperiod,considerationofthe typesofcustomerswhousethewater,theeffectsofconservationonwaterdemand,andthecontributionofnon-revenuewatertothatdemand.3.1.1.1ExistingWaterDemandPatternsandTrendsThediscussionofwaterconsumptionconsiderstheaveragedemandandthepeak demand:Averagedemand:Toevaluatethesustaineddemandonwaterresourcesoveranextendedperiodoftime,theaveragedemandisconsidered.Measuresusedincludetheannualaveragedemand,whichisthetotalamountofwaterusedinayear,dividedbythenumberofdays,sothatitisexpressedinmilliongallonsperday (mgd).Similarly,themonthlyaveragedemand(alsoinmgd)canbeconsideredtoevaluatethedemandonwaterresourcesonamonthlybasis.Peakdemand:Peakdemandisthemaximumdailydemand(i.e.theamountofwaterusedonthesingledayofhighestdemand).WaterdemandinUWNYsRocklandCountyserviceareavariesgreatlyfromyeartoyear,dependingontheweatherandparticularlyontherainfall.Consequently,anaverageofdemandinanumberofyearsistypicallyevaluatedtounderstandwater demand,butconsiderationmustalsobegiventothepeaksreachedduringthattime.Overthepast30years,therehasbeenageneraltrendtowardincreasedannualaveragedailyandpeakdailywaterdemand.ThisisaresultoftheincreaseinpopulationintheRocklandCountyservicearearatherthananincreaseinpercapitausage.TheincreaseindemandisillustratedinFigure3-1,whichshowstheannualaveragedailyandpeakdailywaterdemandfrom1980through2010.Asshowninthe

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxfigure,in1980,theannualaveragewaterdemandwas25.9mgd.By2007,averagewaterusagewasatitshighestoverthe30-yearperiod,withannualaveragedaily demandat31.43mgd.Overthe10-yearperiodof1980-1989,butexcludingdroughtyearsof1981,1982,and1985whenmandatorywaterrestrictionsresultedinlowerwaterconsumption,theannualaveragewaterdemandwas26.1mgd.

1Figure3-1alsoillustratesthegreatvariabilitythatoccursfromyeartoyearintermsof peakdemand,andthewiderangebetweenthepeakdaydemandandtheaveragedaydemandinagivenyear.Peakdemandstypicallyoccurduringthesummer/earlyfall,andaveragemonthlywaterdemandduringthefour-monthperiodofJune throughSeptemberistypically15to30percenthigherthanaveragemonthlywaterdemandduringtherestoftheyear.Thismonthlyfluctuationoverthecourseoftheyear,andthepeakdaydemand,areshowninFigure3-2.Summerdemandtendsto behigherbecauseofthewaterusepatternsinUWNYsserviceareacustomersinRocklandCountyusemorewaterduringthesummerforindoor(e.g,additionalshowersorbathsandlongershowers)andoutdoorwateruse(e.g.,wateringlawns andgardens,carwashing,andfillingswimmingpools).AsshowninFigure3-2,theseseasonalfluctuationsvaryfromyeartoyear,dependingonthetemperatureandprecipitationduringthesummerandearlyfall.Forexample,inyearswithhot,dry summers,suchasthesummersof2005and2010,outdoorwateruseincreasesbecauseofincreasedwateringoflawnsandgardenswhenprecipitationislow.Incontrast,overtheperiodof2000-2010,theannualaveragedailywaterdemandwas29.4mgd;excludingthedroughtyearof2002,whenwateruserestrictionswerebeingenforcedbyRocklandCountyDepartmentOfHealth(RCDOH),theaveragedailywater demandwas29.7mgd.ItshouldbenotedthatOvertheperiodof2000-2010,excludingthedroughtyearof2002,annualwaterdemandbyresidentialcustomers servedbyUnitedWaterinRocklandCountyaveraged207.1gpdperhousehold,or66.0gpdperperson.Duringthesummer/earlyfallseason,waterdemandonpeakdaysismuchhigherthanthemonthlyaverageandannualaverage.AsshowninFigure3-2,duringthemostrecent10-yearperiod(again,excludingthedroughtyearof2002),themaximum dayrangedfrom35.3mgd(duringtherainysummerof2009)to47.2mgd(duringtheheatwaveinthesummerof2010).The2010peakwasthehistoricmaximumdailydemandforUWNYsRocklandCountysystem.Overall,thewaterdemandduringthepeaksummer/earlyfallseasoncanstrainthecurrentwatersupplysystembyrequiringproductionofwateratclosetoorabovethesystemssustainablecapacityforthreetofourmonthsatatime.Thischallengeisexacerbatedbythefactthatperiodsofhighwaterdemandtypicallycorrespondwithperiodsoflowprecipitation.Whenrainfallisgreatest,andwatersupplythereforeis mostabundant,thedemandisalsolowest.Conversely,indryperiods,whenthewatersupplysourcesarelessabundant,demandishigher.

1DuringyearswhenmandatorydroughtrestrictionsareenforcedbytheRCDOH,waterconsumptionislowerthannormalanddoesnotreflecttypicalwaterconsumptioninRocklandCounty.

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-3W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxForpurposesofwatersupplyplanning,consideringtheneedforadequatewatersupply(e.g.,firesuppression,hospitaloperations),anyprojectionsoftheneedfor watersupplymustaccountforthewiderangeindemandoverthecourseoftheyear,includingtheseasonalpeakthatoccursduringthesummerandearlyfallperiod.3.1.1.2UWNYExistingCustomerProfileAsnotedearlier,UWNYsserviceareaconsistsofallofRocklandCountyexcluding theVillagesofSuffern,Nyack,andSouthNyack.Theservicearea,likeallofRockland CountyandtherestoftheNewYorkmetropolitanarea,hasgrownsteadilythroughthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.AsshowninTable3-1,in1980RocklandCountyhadanestimated259,530residents,andanestimated80,684peopleworkedinRocklandCounty.By2010,theresidential populationhadgrownbyapproximately20percenttoanestimated311,687residents,whiletheworkerpopulation(i.e.,thoseworkinginRocklandCounty)increasedby approximately38.7percenttoanestimated111,941workers.Table3-1RocklandCountyResidentialandWorkerPopulations1980-2010YearResidentialPopulationWorkerPopulation1980259,53080,6841990265,47599,1822000286,753106,3582010311,687111,941Sources:ResidentialpopulationestimatesfromtheU.S.CensusofPopulationandHousing,decennialcensus;2010censusinformationfromRedistrictingDataSummaryFile.WorkerpopulationestimatesfromNewYorkStateDepartmentofLaborannualemploymentdatabyplaceofwork(QuarterlyCensusofEmploymentandWages).WithintheUWNYservicearea,theestimatedpopulationin2000was266,193residents,basedonthe2000Census.Thus,theresidentialpopulationofthe geographicareawhereUWNYprovidesserviceconstitutedapproximately92.8percentofthetotalpopulationofRocklandCounty.In2010,accordingtothe2010 Census,atotalof291,379residents(livinginapproximately90,563households)livewithintheareawhereUWNYprovidesservice,constitutingapproximately93.5 percentofthecountyspopulation.MostoftheresidentsoftheserviceareaareservedbyUWNY,butsomeresidentsandbusinessesuseprivatewellsforwatersupply.

AccountingforthoseresidentswholivewithintheserviceareabutarenotcurrentlyservedbyUWNY,itisestimatedthat87.5percentoftheresidentsofRocklandCountyareservedbyUWNY.UWNYscustomerbaseinRocklandCountyconsistspredominantlyofresidentialaccounts.Approximately90percentoftheUWNYaccountsareresidentialaccounts,andconsequentlythemajorityofwaterusedintheUWNYserviceareaisusedby Section3PurposeandNeed 3-4W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxresidentialcustomers.AsshowninTable3-2,morethanhalfthewaterdemandintheUWNYserviceareaisbyresidences,ratherthanbusinesses,institutions,orindustries.

Table3-2presentsinformationontheaveragewaterconsumptionintheserviceareaoverthepast11years(2000-2010,excluding2002).Theinformationexcludes consumptionin2002,whichwasayearwhenmandatorydroughtrestrictionsimposedbyRocklandCountyaffectedwaterdemandpatterns.Asshowninthetable,approximately58percentofthewaterconsumedintheserviceareawasconsumedbyresidentialusers,andofthat,80percentwasusedbysingle-familyresidentialhouseholds.Thus,thenotablegrowthinRocklandCountysresidentialpopulationoverthepast30yearshasbeenthemajorfactorcontributingtotheincreasingwater demandsinthearea.Overall,overthepast11years(2000-2010,excludingthedroughtyearof2002)theaveragepercapitawaterdemandforresidentialcustomersservedbyUWNYwas66.0gallonsperday(gpd).Table3-2AverageWaterConsumptionbyAccountType,2000-2010(Excluding2002)TypeofWaterUseAverageWaterConsumptionAmount(mgd)%ofTotalResidentialSingleFamily 13.92 46.6Apartments,High-Rise,andResidentialMulti-Family 3 11.5Commercial 2.89 9.7Municipal 0.37 1.3School0.672.2Hospital 0.58 1.9IndustrialandWarehouse2.177.3BuildingRates 1 0.01 0.0ResaleAccount 2 0.16 0.5Non-RevenueWater 3 5.66 19.0 Total29.85100.0Notes: 1Buildingratesaretemporarymetersusedduringbuildingconstruction.

2ResaleaccountsprovidewatertotheVillageofHillburnand,forbriefperiods,otherlocations(suchastheVillageofNyack,whichreceivedwaterduringawateremergency).

3Non-revenuewaterconsistsofwaterthatisusedbutnotbilled,andincludeswaterusedduringthewatertreatmentprocess,tochlorinatenewmains,toflushfirehydrants,andforfire-fighting;waternotmeteredcorrectlyorinaccuratelybilled;andwaterlostthroughleaksinthedistributionsystem.3.1.1.3EffectsofConservationonExistingDemandUWNY,asaprivatecompany,doesnothavetheregulatoryauthoritytomandateorregulatewaterconservationbyitscustomersduringdroughtornon-droughtperiods.

Asnotedearlier,duringperiodsofwatershortages,RocklandCounty,throughtheRCDOH,hasimplementedmandatorywaterrestrictionsinthepast.Suchrestrictions Section3PurposeandNeed 3-5W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxhavebeeninplacefivetimesinthepast30years,withthreeofthosetimesinthepast13years.Duringthoseyears,waterdemandwasnotablylower(forexample,seethe demandfor2002inthetablesandgraphicsprovidedearlierinthissection).Nonetheless,aswaterdemandgrewclosetothelimitsofavailablesupplyoverthepastdecades,acombinationofNewYorkStateandfederallawsmandatinguseoflow-flowfixturesandUWNYsimplementationofaconservationprogramandasummer-winterratestructureslowedtheincreaseindemandinRocklandCountyandallowedUWNYtodelaytheneedforanewlong-termwatersupplyproject.3.1.1.4ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoExistingDemandAsshowninTable3-2,above,overthepast11years,excluding2002whenwater restrictionswereimplementedbytheRCDOH,approximately19percentofthewater producedbyUWNYforRocklandCountyonaveragehasbeennon-revenuewater.(Theaverageannualpercentofnon-revenuewatervariesasaresultofvariationsin boththevolumeofnon-revenuewaterandthetotalvolumeofwaterproducedeachyear.)Non-revenuewaterconsistsofwaterthatisproducedbutnotbilled,suchas waterusedduringthewatertreatmentprocess,toflushfirehydrants,andforfire-fighting,aswellaswaterlostthroughleaksinthedistributionsystemandfromwatermainbreaks.Acertainamountofnon-revenuewaterisnormalforanywatersupplysystem,andcannotbeavoided.Ingeneral,non-revenuewatercanbedividedinto threebroadcategories:unbilledandauthorizedconsumption,apparentlosses,andreallosses.UWNYhasanongoingnon-revenuewaterreductioninitiativetoidentifyreallossesofwaterandreducethemwherepracticableandeconomicallyfeasible.3.1.2FutureWaterDemandProjectionsAspartofitsmandatetoprovidesafeandadequatewatersupplyservicetoitsRocklandCountycustomers,UWNY,likeallwaterpurveyors,mustplantoprovide adequatesafeyieldineachofitswatersourcesandforthesystemoverall.Assetforth intheTen-StateStandardsthatareincorporatedintoNewYorkStateswatersupplyregulations,thequantityofwatershouldprovideareasonablesurplusfor anticipatedgrowth.

2Toplanforthefuture,UWNYregularlyundertakesanassessmentoffuturewaterdemands.Inrecentyears,threeeffortshavebeenundertakentoassessfuturewaterdemand:Aspartofthe2006RateCase 3 2RecommendedStandardsforWaterWorks

,PoliciesfortheReviewandApprovalofPlansandSpecificationsforPublicWaterSupplies,2007Edition,Part3,"SourceDevelopment,"section3.1.,aforecastoffuturewaterdemandswasundertakentodeterminetheleveloffutureinvestmentinwatersupplyinfrastructurerequired.

3Case06-W-0131-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsofUnitedWaterNewYorkIncorporatedforWaterServiceandCase06-W-0244-JointPetitionofUnitedWaterNewYorkIncorporatedandUnitedWaterSouthCountyforApprovalofa Section3PurposeandNeed 3-6W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxThisforecastandtheadministrativeprocessthatfollowedattheNewYorkStatePublicServiceCommission(PSC)wasthebasisforthePSCsdeterminationof futuredemandinthe2006RateCase.Awaterdemandforecastwasconductedin2010,usingpopulationprojectionspreparedbyRocklandCounty,toconfirmtheconclusionsofthe2006forecast.The 2010waterdemandforecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoevaluatetheeffectsofincreasedwaterconservationand/orofgreaterreductionofnon-revenuewateronthefuturedemandforwater.In2011,theresultsofthe2010censuswereappliedtothe2010forecastinasensitivityanalysis,toidentifytheeffectsofupdatedpopulationnumbersontheconclusionsofthatforecast.TheseevaluationsaredescribedbelowandillustratedinFigures3-3through3-7

.3.1.2.1WaterDemandForecastsConductedin2006Aspartoftheadministrativeprocessthatledtothe2006JointProposal 4Theresultsofthe2006waterdemandforecastareshowninFigure3-3.Asshownin thefigure,the2006waterdemandforecastestimatesthattheaverageannualdemandusingthe95PercentConfidenceIntervalwillreach34.3mgdby2015,whiletheavailablesupplywillbeonlyslightlyhigher,at34.5mgd.Similarly,intermsofpeak demand,the2006forecastestimatesthatthepeakdemandwillbe52.7mgdin2018,approximatelythesameastheavailablepeaksupplyinthatyearwithoutanewlong-termwatersupplyproject.By2035,theaverageannualdemandisprojectedtobe39.1mgdandthepeakdemandisprojectedtobe59.2mgd.and2006RateOrder,UWNYworkedwiththeRCDOHtodevelopprojectionsoffuturewater demandthroughtheyear2025.Theprojectionoffuturewaterdemandswasbasedon aforecastthathadbeencompletedin2000,whichwasthenupdatedandadjustedtoaccountforrecentdevelopmenttrendsincoordinationwiththeRCDOH.ThePSCsmethodologytocalculatethewaterdemandgrowthprojectionsincorporatedintothe2006RateCasewasbasedonthePSCsanalysisofthetestimonyandotherfilingsonthetopicsubmittedbythepartiestothe2006RateCase.Both UnitedWaterandRocklandCountysubmittedexperttestimonyregardingwater demandgrowthprojections.AsstatedinRocklandCountysOctober13,2006 StatementinSupportoftheJointProposal,UnitedWaterandRocklandCountyused differentmethodologiesbutreachedroughlysimilarconclusionsincalculating theirrespectivewaterdemandgrowthprojections.Thepartiestothe2006JointProposalagreedthattheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentssetoutinthe2006JointProposalreflectedtheirconsensusonwaterdemandgrowthprojections.CertificateofMergerwithUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.beingtheSurvivingCorporation,OrderAdoptingMergerandAdoptingThree-YearRatePlan(Dec.14,2006)(2006RateOrder).

4Cases06-W-0131and06-W-0244,JointProposal(Sept.29,2006)(2006JointProposal).

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-7W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxItshouldbenotedthatwaterconservationandefficiencymeasureswereevaluatedbythePSCinapprovingtheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentsincludedinthe2006RateOrder.Duringthe2006RateCase,multiplewitnessesfromdifferentpartiestestifiedregardingUnitedWatersmultifacetedanddistinctwaterconservation measures.Whentheadministrativelawjudgepresidingoverthe2006RateCase askedinwritingonOctober6,2006(inresponsetothe2006JointProposal)ifsome orallofthenewsourcesofwatersupplycouldnotbeavoidedinwholeorinpartthroughratedesignchangesorwaterconservationprograms,allofthepartiestothe 2006JointProposalagreedintheirconsensus-writtenresponsesubmittedonOctober20,2006thatratedesignchangesandwaterconservationeffortshavebeenvirtually exhausted,andtheincreasedwatervolumecommitmentsincorporatedintothe2006 JointProposal(and2006RateOrder)wereabovethatwhichcanbeachievedthrough furtherratedesignorconservationmethods.SectionXXoftheofthe2006Joint Proposal,whichwasincorporatedintothe2006RateOrder,requires,amongother things,thatUnitedWatercontinueimplementationofitscustomeroutreachandeducationprograms.SectionXXofthe2006JointProposalalsoobligatesUnitedWatertoprovideannualreportstothePSConitscustomeroutreachandeducation programs.3.1.2.22010WaterDemandForecastIn2010,aseparatewaterdemandforecastwaspreparedusingadifferentmethodologythanthe2006forecast,toverifythe2006conclusionsandupdatetheresultsbyextendingtheforecastyearfurtherintothefuture.The2010waterdemand forecastwasbasedonpopulationprojectionsfortheUWNYservicearea,ratherthanonwaterdemandtrendsasthe2006forecasthadbeen.Sincethe2010censuswasnot yetavailable,thesepopulationprojectionsincludedestimatesofexistingpopulationinthecountyfrom2000to2009.Inaddition,asnotedabove,in2010the2006waterdemandforecastwasprojectedfurtherintothefuture,to2035.Estimatesofpopulation,numberofhouseholds,andemploymentforRocklandCountyfor2000-2009andforecaststhrough2035werecollectedfromavarietyofpublicandprivatesourcesincludingtheRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanningsforecastpreparedin2010,CornellUniversitysAppliedDemographicsProgramsforecastpreparedin2008,NewYorkMetropolitanTransportationCouncil(NYMTC) forecastpreparedin2009,andaforecastpreparedin2010byWoods&PooleEconomics,anindependentconsultingfirmthatspecializesinlong-termcounty economicanddemographicforecasts.RocklandCountysforecastofpopulationforthecountythrough2035,whichwaspreparedincoordinationwithCornell UniversitysAppliedDemographicsProgram,showsagrowthofalmost57,000people(20percent)between2000and2035,foratotalpopulationof343,636by2035.The2010waterdemandforecastindicatesthattheannualaveragedemandwillreach33.6mgdin2015and34.4mgdby2018.Theseprojectionsareconsistentwiththe95 Section3PurposeandNeed 3-8W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxPercentConfidenceIntervaldemandresultsofthe2006waterdemandforecast(whichshowanannualaveragedemandof34.3mgdin2015).By2035,the2010water demandforecastpredictsanannualaveragedemandof38.6mgd,thesameasthepredictionbythe2006waterdemandforecast.Theresultsofthe2010forecastare showninFigure3-3incomparisontotheresultsofthe2006forecast(projectedto2035).ThealternativewaterdemandforecastspreparedusingtheNYMTCandWoods&Poolepopulationforecastsshowlowerandhigherfuturedemandsforwater, respectively.ThesearealsoillustratedonFigure3-3.Asshowninthegraphic,theNYMTCforecastestimatesanannualaveragedemandof38.2mgdin2035andtheWoods&Pooleforecastestimatesanannualaveragedemandof41.2mgdforthatyear.Overall,the2010waterdemandforecastconfirmsthevalidityofthe2006waterdemandforecastintermsofannualaveragedemand.Thevalidityofthepeakdayforecastpreparedin2006,whichappliedapeakingfactortotheregressionforecastforannualaveragedemand,isalsothereforeconfirmed.3.1.2.32010WaterDemandForecast:EffectsofConservationonFutureDemandUWNYsconservationmeasureshavebeeneffectiveinreducingtheoverallwateruse patternsintheserviceareaandthepercapitawaterdemandforresidentialcustomersisrelativelylow.Asnotedabove,thispercapitademandwasestimatedinthe2010 waterdemandforecasttobeanaverageof67.6gpdperpersonoverthepast10yearsandnow,basedon2010Censusdata,isestimatedtobe66.0gpd,asdiscussedbelow.Thebaselinewaterdemandforecastassumedasteadywaterconsumptionrateforresidentialcustomersintothefuture.Thisreflectstheuncertaintyrelatedtowater consumption,whichincludesseveralcompetingfactors.Toaddressthisuncertainty,inadditiontothebaselinewaterdemandforecast,the2010forecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoidentifytheeffectonwater demandprojectionsifthepercentofcustomersusingwater-conservingfixturesandpracticesincreasesinthefuture.Thissensitivityanalysisassumedthatresidentialwaterusewillgraduallybemoreefficientovertime,atarateof0.1percentperyear.

ThisrateaccountsfortheincreasingefficiencygainedasmorecustomersinRocklandCountyhavewater-savingfixtures,takingintoaccounttheuncertaintiesnotedabove.Theresultofthisanalysisisawaterdemandforecast(usingthesameRockland Countypopulationforecastasthebaselinewaterdemandforecast)withatotalannualaveragedemandof37.9mgdin2035,asavingsof0.7mgdoverthebaselineforecastof38.6mgd.

Section3PurposeandNeed 3-9W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docx3.1.2.42010WaterDemandForecast:ContributionofNon-RevenueWatertoFutureDemandThebaselinewaterdemandforecastassumedthatthepercentageofwaterdemandthatisduetonon-revenuewaterremainsatthesamepercentageasin2009,whenitwas24percentofUWNYstotalwaterproduction.(Asnotedabove,thisisaresultofthevolumeofnon-revenuewateraswellasthetotalvolumeofwaterproducedin2009.)ThereallossesfromleakageintheUWNYsystemarewithintherange expectedforawell-runwaterdistributionsystem.UWNYhasanongoingnon-revenuewaterreductioninitiativetoidentifyreallossesofwater(i.e.,theelementofnon-revenuewaterthatcanbecontrolledtosomeextentbytheutility)andtoreducethemwherepracticableandeconomicallyfeasible.Thenon-revenuewaterinitiativealsoincludesanefforttocorrectbillingandmeteringerrorsthatleadtoapparentlossesinwater.Thiswillnotreducetheamountofwaterdemand,butitwillshifttheaccountingofdemandfromnon-revenuewaterintobilleddemand.Toaddresstheuncertaintiesrelatedtofuturenon-revenuewaterdemand,inadditiontothebaselinewaterdemandforecast,the2010forecastalsoincludedasensitivityanalysistoidentifytheeffectonwaterdemandprojectionsifthepercentageofnon-revenuewaterisreducedinthefuture.Thisanalysisassumedthatapparentlosses(i.e.,billingandmeteringerrors)canbereducedfrom6.5percentofwaterproduction(the2009value)to5percent,withtheassociatedvolumeofwatershiftedfromnon-revenuewatertobilledwater (residentialandnon-residential).Italsoassumedthatthetotalofreallosses(i.e.,leaks)andauthorizedusescanbereducedtoabout13percentoftotalproductionfromthe2009valueof17.2percent.Withtheseassumptionsinplace,non-revenuewaterwouldbereducedto18percentoftotalproduction.Theforecastofannual averagedemandfor2035,consideringsuchareductioninnon-revenuewater,woulddecreaseby1.3mgd,fromthebaselinevalueof38.6mgdto37.3mgd.Combiningboththeadditionalconservationassumedintheconservationsensitivityanalysisandthenon-revenuewatersavingsassumedinthisanalysiswouldfurther reducefuturedemands.Takingintoaccountboththesefactors,thewaterdemandforecastpredictsanannualaveragedemandof36.7mgdfortheyear2035,in comparisontothebaselinevalueof38.6mgd.ThiscombinedsensitivitydemandforecastisillustratedinFigure3-4.3.1.2.5UpdatedWaterDemandForecastReflecting2010CensusAsnotedabove,the2010waterdemandforecastwasbasedonpopulation informationpreparedbytheRocklandCountyDepartmentofPlanning,aswellasinformationfromseveralothersources(forecastspreparedbyCornellUniversitys AppliedDemographicsProgram,NYMTC,andWoods&PooleEconomics).Allofthesesourceswerebasedon2000censusdataandupdatedinformationavailable fromtheU.S.CensusBureaupriortoreleaseofthe2010census.Futurepopulationwasprojectedfromabaseyearof2010,usingestimatesof2010population.However, Section3PurposeandNeed3-10W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docx2010Censusdata,whichwasreleasedinearly2011,indicatethatRocklandCountyspopulationfor2010ishigherthanthepopulationpreviouslyestimatedbyRockland CountyDepartmentofPlanning,NYMTC,CornellPAD,andWoods&Poole.Theestimated2010populationforRocklandCountyusedasthebasefortheforecastswas302,600.However,the2010CensusindicatesthatRocklandCountys2010populationwasactually311,687,whichisthreepercenthigherthananticipatedbytheforecasts.ThepopulationofUWNYsserviceareagrewataslightlyhigherratethanthatofthecounty,sothattheserviceareapopulationin2010was291,379ratherthanthe262,959anticipatedbasedonpreviousforecasts;anincreaseof10.8percent.RocklandCountyhasnotpreparedrevisedforecastsbasedonthisnewinformation,andthereforethe2010waterdemandforecasthasnotbeenrevised.Theeffectsofthe2010Censusontheconclusionsofthe2010waterdemandforecastwouldbeasfollows:Lowerpercapitawaterdemand:Asnotedaboveinthediscussionofthe2010waterdemandforecast,informationontheaverageresidentialwaterdemandover theprevious10yearsandtheestimatedresidentialpopulationasoftheyear2009 wereusedtocalculatetheexistingpercapitaresidentialwaterdemandforUWNYsRocklandCountywatersystem.Thatdemandwascalculatedtobe67.6gpdperperson.However,withthehigherpopulationnumbersfor2010,and includingthewaterdemandinformationfor2010aswell,theactualpercapitaresidentialwaterdemandwas66.0gpd.Changestofutureprojections:SinceRocklandCountyhasnotreviseditsfuturepopulationprojections,theexpectedeffectsofthehigher2010numberonfuturelevelsarenotclear.Itispossiblethateither:1)thesamerateofgrowthwilloccur,butbeginningfromthehigherlevelrealizedin2010;or2)lessgrowthwilloccur,so thatthesamelevelofpopulationwillbeachievedby2035aspreviouslypredicted.Effectsoflowerpercapitawaterdemandandchangestofutureprojectionsonfuturewaterdemand:Theeffectsofthesechangesonfuturewaterdemandwouldvary,dependingontherateoffuturegrowth:

-Ifthesamerateofgrowthoccurs,sothatfuturepopulationlevelsare3percenthigherthanpreviouslypredicted,usingthelowerpercapitawaterdemand resultsinslightlyhigherfuturewaterdemandthanpredictedinthe2010 waterdemandforecast0.2mgdhigherinboth2015and0.1mgdhigherin 2035.Thetotaldemandwouldbe33.8mgdin2015,comparedtothe33.6mgd predictedinthe2010forecastand34.3mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.By 2035,thedemandwouldbe38.7mgd,comparedtothe38.6mgdpredictedinthe2010forecastand39.1mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.

-Ifalowerrateofgrowthoccurs,sothatfuturepopulationlevelsarethesameby2035aspreviouslypredicted,usingthelowerpercapitawaterdemand Section3PurposeandNeed3-11W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxresultsinslightlylessfuturewaterdemandthanpredictedinthe2010waterdemandforecast.By2015,waterdemandwouldbeessentiallythesameasoriginallypredictedforthatyear(becauseofthehigherbasein2010),butbytheyear2035,thedemandforwaterwouldbe1.0mgdlessthanpreviously predicted.Thetotaldemandwouldbe33.6mgdin2015,comparedtothe33.6 mgdpredictedinthe2010forecastand34.3mgdpredictedinthe2006 forecast.By2035,thedemandwouldbe37.6mgd,comparedtothe38.6mgd predictedinthe2010forecastand39.1mgdpredictedinthe2006forecast.Thus,whilethe2010Censusdatashiftstheresultsofthe2010waterdemandforecast slightly,overallitcontinuestoconfirmthevalidityofthe2006waterdemandforecast intermsofannualaverageandpeakdemand.Figure3-5providesacomparisonofthe 2006waterdemandforecast,the2010waterdemandforecast,andthetwoadjusted forecastsreflecting2010Censusdatadiscussedabove.3.2Long-TermSupplyDeficitAsRocklandCountyspopulationgrows,thedemandforwaterwillincrease,includingthepeakdemandonsummerdays.Asthedesignatedwaterutilityforitsservicearea,whichcomprisesmostofRocklandCounty,UWNYislegallyobligatedtoprovideasafe,dependable,andadequatesupplyofpotablewaterandadequate waterpressureandwaterservicetomeetfirefightingandpublicsafetyneedsforitsservicearea.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedlong-termwatersupplyprojectistodevelopanadditionalreliableandsustainablewatersupplythatwillallowUWNYs RocklandCountywatersupplysourcesystemtomeettheneedsforwaterinRocklandCountyinthefuture,consistentwiththe2006and2010PSCRateOrders.Asdiscussedinsection2,UWNYcurrentlyhasthecapacitytoprovide33.9mgdonanannualaveragebasis,withapeakcapacityof51.44mgd(sustainableforthreedays,twicepersummerseason).

5Atthesametime,waterdemandintheserviceareaisprojectedtogrowoverthelong-term.Asnotedinthediscussionofprojectedfuturepopulationinthe2011Rockland CountyComprehensivePlan,Developmentpressureswillbeplacedoninfrastructuresystemsthatprovidewater,sewer,wastedisposal,energyandtelecommunicationsservices.Capacityexpansionsandsystemupgradeswillbe neededtoaccommodatenewdevelopmentandmaintainthequalityofservice.By2015,UWNYhascommittedtoincreasethosesuppliestoatotalof34.5mgdonanannualaveragebasis,withapeaksupplyof52.6 mgd.6Theplannedfuturecapacityincreaseswillbesufficienttomeettheprojecteddemand through2015,buttheywillnotbesufficienttomeetthedemandprojectionsinthe long-term.Theavailableaverageandpeaksupplyandprojectedannualaverageand 5Asnotedearlier,thisdoesnotaccountforconditionswiththelargestsupplywelloutofoperation,asrecommendedinTen-StateStandards.Thiswouldreduceavailablesupplybyapproximately1.5mgd.

6RocklandTomorrow:RocklandCountyComprehensivePlan.RocklandCounty,adoptedMarch1,2011.Chapter3.0,Demographics,p.32.

Section3PurposeandNeed3-12W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxpeakdaydemandareshowninFigure3-6(withouttheadditionoftheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProject)andFigure3-7(withtheadditionoftheProposedProject).As showninFigure3-6,by2015,withoutalong-termwatersupplyproject,theaverageannualdemandwillreachtheavailablesupplylevelandby2015-2018,thepeak demandwillreachthepeaksupply,sothatitwillbedifficultforUWNYtomeettheincreaseddemandsduringthesummer/earlyfallperiod,whendemandistypicallysubstantiallyhigherthantheannualaverage.AspartofitsmandatetoprovidesafeandadequatewatersupplyservicetoitsNewYorkStatecustomers,UWNY,likeallwaterpurveyors,mustplantoprovidesufficientsafeyieldinitswatersupplysystem.ThisisconsistentwiththePSCs regulations(16NYCRR§503.4),whichrequirewatercompaniesthatusesurfacewatersourcestotakeintoconsiderationforecastedgrowthordeclineforatleasta10-yearperiodintothefuture,andwhenprojectionsshowthatdemandwillexceedsupply,thewatercompanyshallundertakeallreasonableeffortstoreduceand controlfuturedemandstobringthemintobalancewithsupply.Ifappropriate,thewatercorporationshalldevelopplans,consistentwithexistingstaterequirements,to secureadditionalsupply.UWNYsobligationtoprovideadequatewaterisunderscoredinthelanguageofitswatersupplypermitsfromNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmental Conservation(NYSDEC)forLakeDeForestandRamapoValleyWellField,whichstatethefollowing:LakeDeForestpermit:Itisgoodengineeringpracticeforawaterutilitytolooktothefutureandtodevelopadditionalsourcesofsupplysothatitwillbeinapositiontomeetrisingdemandsonitssystemintheyearsahead.Thisis particularlysoinacasesuchashere,whereincreasedpopulationandindustrialdevelopmentareindicated.[item21onpage7]RamapoValleyWellFieldpermit:TheApplicanthasanobligationtoprovidewaterunderallconditionsandatalltimesoftheyeartomeetaverageandpeak demandsonitssystemasthesedemandsariseandtoplanaheadtohavethenecessarysourcesofsupply,transmission,distributionandstoragefacilitiesconstructedpriortothetimesuchfacilitiesareneeded.[item8onpage22]UWNYsfutureplanstocomplywiththesupplycommitmentssetforthinthe2006and2010RateOrders 7 7Case09-W-0731-ProceedingonMotionoftheCommissionastotheRates,Charges,RulesandRegulationsforUnitedWaterNewYorkInc.,OrderAdoptingJointProposalasModifiedandEstablishingaThree-YearRatePlan(Jul.20,2010)(2010RateOrder).areexpectedtoprovideadequatecapacitytomeetaverageannualandpeak-daydemandsthroughtheendof2015andpotentiallyto2020.However,UWNYcurrentlyreliesonlocalwaterresourcesthatarefiniteintheircapacitytoprovideasafesupplyofdrinkingwatertoitscustomers,andamajorlong-Section3PurposeandNeed3-13W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxtermwatersupplyprojectisneededbeyondthatpointtoincreasethesystemssafeyieldtomeetthefuturewaterdemandsofUWNYsserviceareainRocklandCounty.Forprudentwatersupplyplanning,thissupplyshouldincludeamarginoferrorabovetheprojecteddemand,toensurethatadequatewaterisavailable.Toensure thatadequatesupplyisavailableinthelongterm,UWNYisseekingtoimplementalong-termwatersupplyprojectthatcanprovide2.5mgdinadditionalsafeyieldby2016,withtheabilitytoprovideuptoanadditional5mgd(foratotalof7.5mgd)inthelongertermfuture.Forprudentlong-termplanning,andtobenefitfrom economiesofscalegainedbycapitalinvestmentinonesingleproject,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectwouldthereforeaddresstheneedfor7.5mgdofadditionalsafe yieldwhileallowingthatadditionalyieldtobeaddedincrementallytomeetdemandasitincreasesinthefuture.WaterconservationprogramsandUWNYsongoinginitiativestomaximizetheefficiencyandreducewaterlossinitssystemwillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinUWNYsmultifacetedstrategytosatisfybothitsgeneralmandatetoprovideadependablesupplyofwatertomeetitscustomersneedsandthespecificvolume commitmentsincludedinthe2006and2010RateOrdersandtheJointProposals.Waterconservationandefficiencyprogramsalone,however,cannotgeneratethelevelsofincreasedsupplyneededtosatisfythePSCmandatesinthe2006and2010 RateOrders,includingaddressinglong-termwaterdemandinRocklandCountybeyond2015.Thus,thepurposeoftheproposedlong-termwatersupplyprojectistodevelopanadditional,sustainablewatersupplysourcethatwillincreasethesafeyieldoftheUWNYsupplysystemtomeetthegrowingneedsforwaterinRocklandCountyoverthelongterm,incompliancewithUWNYsgenerallegalobligationsandthespecificmandatesincludedinthePSCs2006and2010RateOrders.3.3SystemReliabilityWhileoverall,UWNYsRocklandCountywatersupplysystemcanmeetcurrent demandsforwater,duringthepeaksummer/earlyfallseason,meetingtheincreased demandcanbedifficult.Furthermore,despitetherobustnessandflexibilityofthesystem,itcanbelessreliableduringperiodswithlowprecipitation.UWNYsexistingwatersupplysystemisparticularlyvulnerabletotheeffectsofadrought,sinceitswatersuppliesareallfromthesamegeographicarea(i.e.,RocklandCounty).Thus,RocklandCountysexistingwatersupplysystemisalmostcompletely dependentonrainfallwithinthecountysboundariesandallsuppliesarethereforesimultaneouslyaffectedbydroughtconditions.Asnotedabove,theRamapoValleyWellFieldisthemostsusceptibletoperiodicdryspells,short-termdroughts,andprolongedwatershortagesincetheaquiferishydraulicallylinkedtotheflowinthe RamapoRiverandisnotpermittedtooperateatallduringverylow-flowconditionsintheRamapoRiver.Supplywellsmaybelesssusceptibletodryconditions,but Section3PurposeandNeed3-14W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxduringprolongeddryperiodsarealsoadverselyaffected.Itistypicallynotpossibletopumpwellscontinuouslyatmaximumcapacitywithoutadverselyaffectingthe qualityofwaterfromthewellornearbywells,oreventhewellsabilitytoproducewater.Thus,wellscannotbeoperatedforlongperiodsoftimewithoutallowing restperiodsforthewellstorecharge.Groundwaterlevelsandrechargeratesarealsoadverselyaffectedbydroughtconditions,whichdiminishtherobustnessof groundwaterresources.AsdocumentedintworeportscompletedbytheUSGSin2010,WaterResourcesofRocklandCounty,NewYork,2005-07,withEmphasisontheNewarkBasinBedrockAquifer, andHydrogeologyandSimulationofGroundwaterFlowinFracturedRockintheNewarkBasin,RocklandCounty,NewYork

, 8Long-termprecipitationrecordsindicatethattheNortheastU.S.experiencesashort-termdrought(adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)onceeverytwoor threeyearsonaverage,whilelongerdroughts(droughtslongerthanthreemonths)occuronceevery20to30years.Thereisincreasingconcernthatglobalclimatechange maybringgreaterfluctuationsinweatherconditions,includingmorefrequentorseveredroughtconditionsormorefrequentstormevents.Thesafeyieldofthesystem,whichwasdesignedbasedontheworstdroughtofrecord,doesnotaccountforconditionsthatmightoccurshouldastillworsedroughtoccur.thereareseasonallimitationsduringthegrowingseason,whenhigherdemandandreducedavailabilitylimitthecapacityofwatersupplyfromgroundwater.Thereportsindicatethatwhiletodatetheaquiferhasbeenabletoreplenishpriortothenextgrowingseason,thisisanongoingconcern.

9Duringperiodsofwatershortages,RCDOHimplementsemergencymeasurestoreducewaterdemand.(UWNYdoesnothavetheregulatoryauthoritytomandateor regulatewaterconservationbyitscustomersduringdroughtornon-droughtconditions.)Overthepast30years,RocklandCountyhasfaceddrought-relatedwateruserestrictionsfivetimes;threeofthosetimeshaveoccurredinthepast13years.Emergencydroughtconditionswereinplaceforseveralmonthsinboth1995and 1999,andformostoftheyearin2002.Inaddition,both2001and2005wereparticularlydry,althoughdroughtrestrictionswereavoidedinbothyears.Thenewlong-termwatersupplyprojectmustimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsbyintroducingasupplythatisless dependentonlocalizedprecipitationconditions.TheNortheastU.S.experiencesashort-termdrought(i.e.,adroughtwithadurationofonetothreemonths)everyone tothreeyearsonaverage,andexperienceslongerdroughts(i.e.,greaterthanthreemonths)onceevery20to30years.Thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldbe 8UnitedStatesDepartmentoftheInterior,UnitedStatesGeologicalSurvey,ScientificInvestigationsReports2010-5245and2010-5250.Availableontheinternetathttp://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5245andhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5250

.9Forgroundwater,calculationsofyieldaremorecomplex,sotheterm"safeyield"isoftennotappliedtogroundwater.

Section3PurposeandNeed3-15W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\03Section3_9-22-11_CLEAN.docxdevelopedtoberesponsivetotheoccurrenceofdroughteventsandthepotentialeffectsofclimatechangeonthefrequencyandseverityofdroughtsandstormevents.TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjectwouldimprovethereliabilityofthewatersupplysystemwhilemeetingfuturedemandsforwaterbyprovidingasupplyof waterthatislessdependentonclimateconditions.RocklandCountyiscurrentlyservedbygroundwatersuppliesandreservoirs.Includingadrought-tolerantriversource,liketheHudsonRiver,addstothediversityofthewatersupplyportfolioandprovidesgreaterflexibilityinmanagingthesystem.Section1.3providesadescription ofhowtheprojectwillbephasedandmanagedforoptimumbenefit.3.4ProjectGoalsandBenefitsThepurposeofthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoprovideadditionalwatersupplysourcetoincreasethesafeyieldandreliabilityoftheUWNYRocklandCountywatersupplysystemby7.5mgd,toaccommodatefuturegrowthwithanadequatemarginofsafetyandcomplywiththe2006and2010RateOrders.Consistentwiththe requirementsofUWNYsfranchiseanditsmissionasawatersupplycompany,thewatersuppliedmustbehigh-qualitydrinkingwaterthatmeetsalldrinkingwater standards.Basedonthisneed,andwithinitscapabilitiesastheProjectsponsor,UWNYhasidentifiedthefollowinggoalsandbenefitsfortheProposedProject.AvoidandMinimizeEnvironmentalImpacts:Consistentwiththe requirementsofNewYorkStatesenvironmentallaws,andparticularlyNew YorkStateEnvironmentalQualityReviewAct,akeygoalforthelong-termwatersupplyprojectistoavoidandminimizethepotentialenvironmental impactsoftheProposedProjecttothemaximumextentpracticablegiventheothergoalsandobjectivesfortheProposedProjectandthecapabilitiesoftheProjectsponsor.AbilitytobeImplementedinStages:Tomeetfuturedemandsforwatersupplyastheydevelopovertime,andtherebyminimizeunnecessarycapitalcoststotheratepayersaswellasunnecessaryenvironmentaleffects,thelong-termwatersupplyprojectshouldhavetheabilitytobeimplementedinstages.CostEffectiveness:TheHaverstrawWaterSupplyProjecthasbeenidentifiedasthemostcost-effectiveofthealternativesavailabletoUWNYforthelong-termwatersupplyproject.

4-1W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\04Section4_9-29-11_CLEAN.docxSection4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations4.1HudsonRiverWaterQualityTheProposedProjectslocationontheHudsonRiver,anditsuseofHudsonRiverwaterasawatersupplysource,isbasedonextensivemonitoringandanalysesofwaterqualityinHaverstrawBay,aswellasupstreamanddownstreamoftheIntakeSite.Asdiscussedinmoredetailsection4.1.6,HudsonRiverwateriscurrentlybeingwithdrawnandtreatedfordistributionasdrinkingwaterbymorethan20other municipalities,includingboththeCityandTownofPoughkeepsie.Asmorefullydetailedinsection4.1.5,thewaterqualityanalysesarebasedonmodelprojectionsfromanumberofsamples,andconcludethattheHudsonRiverwatersofHaverstrawBayaresuitableasadrinkingwatersource.Somelevelofcontaminantsarefoundinalldrinkingwatersources,andUnitedWaterNewYork(UWNY),likeallotherpurveyorsofpublicwaterthroughoutNewYork Stateandbeyond,encountersandaddressesregulatedsubstancesonadailybasis.Manyofthesesubstancesareubiquitousandcanbefoundingroundwater,insurface water,andinreservoirs.Inaddition,purveyorsofpublicwaterlikeUWNY,routinelyaddresspotentialthreatstotheirpublicwatersuppliesfromnearbylandusessuchaslandfills,industry,commercialvessels,andthelike.Operatorsofpublicwatersuppliesaretrainedinandfamiliarwiththisco-existence,whichisheavilyregulatedbygovernmentalentitiesinNewYorkStateandintheUnitedStates,generally.TheNewYorkStateDepartmentofEnvironmentalConservation(NYSDEC)hasassignedwaterclassificationstoallwatersofNewYorkStatepursuanttotheEnvironmentalConservationLaw,6NYCRRPart701.Theseclassificationsidentify thebestusagesforthatwaterbody,basedonitswaterquality.TheHudsonRiverwithinthestudyareaisdesignatedbyNYSDECasClassSBsalinesurfacewater.The bestusagesofClassSBwatersareprimaryandsecondarycontactrecreation(e.g.,swimmingandwatersports),andfishing.ClassSBwatersshouldbesuitableforfish propagationandsurvival.Designatedbestusagesarenotexhaustivelistsofpermissibleorlegalusesotherusesmayalsotakeplaceinaparticularreachofwatersolongasthoseotherusesdonotdegradewaterqualitytotheextentthatiteithernolongersupportsthedesignatedbestusagesorfallsbelowthenumericwater qualitystandards.

1 1See,e.g.,IntheMatteroftheApplicationsoftheSpringValleyWaterCo.,Inc.(AmbreyPondProject),1987WL55415(Williams,Commissioner)(NYSDEC)Jan.6,1987),affdsubnom,HudsonRiverFishermansAssoc.v.Williams,139A.D.2nd234(3dDept1988);IntheMatteroftheApplicationsbytheLakeMinnewaskaJointVenture,1984WL19314(Williams,Commissioner)(NYSDECDec.10,1984);accord,ArnoldIrrigationDistrictv.Dept.ofEnvironmentalQuality,79Or.App.136,143-144(1986),cert.denied

,301Or.765(1986).TheClassSBclassificationdoesnotpreventtheuseofClassSBwaterstocreateapublicwatersupplythroughtheconversionofwithdrawnsaline Section4WaterQuality,QuantityandCompliancewithDrinkingWaterRegulations 4-2W:\Projects\40306-UWNYHUDSONRIVERDESALINATION\Permitting\PERMITFORFULLSCALE\2011_WaterSupplyApplication\WaterSupplyPermitComponents\Sept292011submission\Engineer'sReport\04Section4_9-29-11_CLEAN.docxwaters(throughdesalination)andtreatment.TheProposedProjectwouldnotrequireareclassificationoftherelevantreachoftheHudsonRivertousethiswaterfor drinkingwater.4.1.1HudsonRiverHistoricalWaterQualityDataBetweenApril2007andMay2008,UWNYimplementedawaterqualitymonitoringprogramtoclassifytheHudsonRiver.Arangeofwaterqualityparametersweremonitoredonaweekly,monthlyandquarterlybasisandaredescribedbelow.WatermonitoringwasconductedatfivelocationswithintheHaverstrawBayvicinityoftheHudsonRiveratmultipledepthsandvaryingtidalcycles.Figure4-1indicatesthesitenumberandlocationforeachsamplingstation.Table4-1belowprovidesasummaryoftheapproximatesitelocation,descriptionandinstallationdate.(Site2islocatedinthevicinityoftheproposedintakelocation.)Table4-1-SampleLocationsfor2007-2008WaterQualityMonitoring4.1.1.1ParametersAnalyzedandFrequencyAsmentionedabove,severalwaterqualityparameterswereanalyzedatvaryingfrequenciesateachofthefivesiteslocatedalongtheHudsonRiver.Table4-2summarizestheanalytegroupsandmonitoringfrequenciesforeachsite.Theparametersmonitoredandassociatedanalyticalmethod,aswellasthenumberofsamplesanddetections,aredetailedinTables1A(CleanWaterActMethods-40CFR136)and2A(otherEPA-approvedmethods)ofAppendixB,andTables1B(Clean WaterActMethods-40CFR136)and2B(otherEPA-approvedmethods).Table3,Summaryof2008-2011HudsonRiverSondeWaterQualityDataandSummaryofHudsonRiverandRawWaterQualityDatafromFieldAnalysis,presentstheSITE IDAPPROX.RIVERMILELOCATIONSAMPLINGPERIOD 14 2TompkinsCove,NY,northof(former)LovettPowerGeneratingStation.April2007toJuly2007 240StonyPoint,NY,offGrassyPointRd.April2007toAug2007 339Haverstraw,NY,BowlinePondApril2007toAug2007 437Haverstraw,NY,offTilconQuarryApril2007toAug20074s37Haverstraw,NY,250feetwestofSite4Aug2007toMay2008 53 9Haverstraw,NY,500feeteastofSite3(inriverchannel)June2007toMay2008 Figure4-1HudsonRiverWaterQualitySamplingSites