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Analysis of Populations of Boring & Fouling Organisms in Vicinity of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Quarterly rept,Sept-Nov 1978
	ML19241B140
Person / Time
Site:	Oyster Creek
Issue date:	06/30/1979
From:	Crocket L, Hoagland K; LEHIGH UNIV., BETHLEHEM, PA
To:	;
References
	NUREG-CR-0812, NUREG-CR-812, RE, NUDOCS 7907110727
	Download: ML19241B140 (76)
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{{#Wiki_filter:N U R E'G/CR-0812 ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS OF BORING AND FOULING ORGANISMS IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Quarterly Report September 1978 - November 1978 K. E. Hoagland L. Crocket Wetlands Institute Prepared for U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission '

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IJOTICE This report was prepared as an account of wor't sponsored by an a;ency of the United States Governmeat. I'cither the Uruted States Government nor any a ;ency thereof, or any of their employees, rnakes any warrant /, e x;a + i . r unphe:1, er assurres any leg 11 liabdity or re por. :Hhty ',or any third party's u!.e, or the re: ults of such use, of any information, apparatus product c. proces . di closed in thn report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately cwned rights. Available from National Technical Information Service - r, Springfield, Virginia 22161.

NUREG/CR-0812 RE ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS OF BORING AND FOULING ORGANISMS IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Quarterly Report September 1978 - November 1978 X. E. Hoagland L. Crocket Wetlands Insjtute (Lehigh University) Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 Manuscript Completed: March 30,1979 Date Published: June 1979 Prepared for Division of Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Res9 arch Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 NRC FIN No. 85744 D ~,

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ABSTRACT The growth, distribution, and species composition of marine borers (primarily shipworms) and fouling organisms are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Untreated wood test panels arc used to collect organisms at 18 localities. Our most recent findings covering September-Novem-ber,1978, are that at least one subtropical species of the borer family Teredinidae continues to live in Oyster Creek; + new breeds at the mouth of Forked River. The subtropical Teredo bartschi 'iving in Oyster Creek retained well-developed larvae in the gills thr:) ugh November, while the native species B. gouldi spawned out. The gonads of B_. gouldi were vanishingly small in November. Larvae of T.bartschi settled in Oyster Creek and larvae of the native T. navalis set". led on Long Beach Island in September, but no later. The last B. gouldi of the season settled in August. The greatest wood damage occurred et station 12 in Oyster Creek. Increased siltation on rocks in Oyster Creek decreasei both the abundance and the diversity of fouling organisms. The introduced polychaete Mercierella enigmatica has been found in Oyster Creek as well as stations to the north, iii

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SttMARY JF FINDINGS The purpose of this investigation is to monitor the levels of shipworm infestation in areas adjacent to the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, particularly its water intake and discharge systems. Further-more, we are following species composition and breeding and settlement of all boring and fouling invertebrates that associate themselves with our wooden test panels at 18 stations. We record tenperature and salinity, and remove and add panels on a monthly basis, except at 4 stations where temperature and salinity are recorded constantly. Our major findings are:

1. The power plant was not operating during the period September 4-5 dnd September 16-November 30.

2. The water temperature in Oyster Creek ran about 5.5 C lower this year than during the same period last year. Despite the plant shut-down, the temperature in September was slightly higher at Oyster Creek than at other stations.

3. Recirculation of heated effluent water did not occur during this period of time, because the plant was not operating.

4. Shipwonn larvae settled on monthly panels in August and September.

5. Teredo bartschi was found in Oyster Creek and the mouth of Forked Ri ve r. In November, straight-hinge larvae were observed in the gills of specimens in Forked River for the first time.

6. No T. furcifera specimens were found.

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7. The shipworms in Oyster Creek were reproducing at a size as small as 4 mm long, due to extreme crowding.

8. The heaviest attack is now in Oyster Creek and the mouth of Forked River. One station on Lor Beaco Island is also heavily infested.

9. Unusually high mortality t + orms occurred in very crowded panels.

10. Fouling declined in Oyster Cree aecause of heavy silt. Algae were particularly affected. Barnacles were not affected.

ll.The m-endemic polychaete wc.m Mercierella enigmatica was found for tne first time in Oyster Creek. It appears to be spreading from north to south in Barnegat Bay. 12.The ratio of gonad weight to total body weight tends to be higher for B_. gouldi in Oyster Creek than B_. gouldi at other localities. This implies greatt - reproductive potential. However, numbers of specimens from Oyster Creek were low, and the results were not

atistically significant.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . ....... ............. ... iii

SUMMARY

OF FINDINGS . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. ... iv LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . .................... ix PREVIOUS REPORTS IN SERIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x INTRODUCTION . ................ ....... 1 MAJOR PHYSICAL EVENTS . . . . . . .............. 2 Temperature Salinity SHIPWORMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 FOULING ORGANISMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 43 DISCUSSION . . . ...... ... ............ 55 References 57 APPENDIX . .......................... 59 DISTRIBUTION LIST ............ .. ..... 63 v n

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LIST OF FIGURES Page

1. Monthly Temperatures , September 1978 - November 1978 . . . . . . 4

2. Histograms of Lengths of Shipworms from Yearly Panels . . ..

A. St. . ember .... ......... ........ 16 B. October . ..................... 19 C. *er ... ......... ........ 22

3. H ic Logram #

Lengths of Sh .]rms from Cumulative Panels .

n. F3Pi?mbar .................... 29 B. Octc ber ....................... 32 C. November ....... .......... ...... 35 vi r, Q

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LIST OF TABLES

1. Temperature Profiles, in Degrees Centigrade, September 9 - November 4,1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

2. Constant Temperature Recorder Data (UC) for September 9 - December 2,1978, Stations 1,5,11,14 . . . .

5

3. Salinity Profiles in 0/gg . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. Constant Recording Salinometer Readings at 12:00 Noon, August 8 - November 4, 1978 (0/gg) . . . . . . . . . . . 8

5. Numbers of Living Shipworms in Monthly Panels . . . . . . 11

6. Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Monthly Panels . 12

7. Numbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for One Year ................. 13

8. Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Panels Submerged for One Year . . .. . . . . . . . . . 14

9. Length Ranges oY Living Shipworms, in mm, Yearly Panels . 15

10. Numbers of Living Shipworms, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 . ................. 26

11. Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 . . . . . . . . . 27

12. Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Cumuletive Fanels Submerged May 31, 1978 . . .. . .. . . . . . . . 28

13. Percentage Weight Loss by Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 . ............. . . . . 38

14. Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly Panels, Removed September - November,1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

15. Ganad Ash-Free Dry Weights, Bankia gouldi . . . . . . . . . 41

16. The Percentage of Teredo specimens Found with Larvae in the Gills .. . . . . . ........ . .. . . . . . . 42 vii d

Page

17. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Electra crustulenta ... .. . . . ... . . . . 44

18. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Hydroides dianthus . .... .. . . . . . . . . . 45

19. Dis tribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Botryllus schlosseri . ... .. . . .. . . . . . . . 46

20. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Enteronorpha spp. . . .. . . . . ... .. .. 47

21. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Balanus eburneus . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 48

22. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Molgula manhattensis . .. ...... . . . . . . . 49

23. Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:

Campanulareid spp. ............... .. 50

24. Sedentary Species Richness, September,1978 . .. .. 51

25. Sedentary Species Richness, October,1978 . . . . . 52

26. Sedentary Species Richtiess, November,1978 . ... 53 viii ,

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the many residents of Oyster Creek who have cooperated in our field work. Ruth D. Turner has continued to play an important role in the study., James McKinley, Jamie,, Harms, and William King provided technical assistance. Eugenia Bohlke of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia served as X-rey technologist. Virginia 0hori of J.C.P. & L. provided data on the operation of the Generating Station. ix fi

PREVIOUS REPORTS IN THE SERIES Analysis of Population;of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of relevant physical parameters over the period: Report No.

1. April 30 - November 30, 1976. 61 pp.

by K. Elaine Hoagland, Ruth D. Turner, and Marga,et Rochester. Released Jan. 1, 1977.

2. December 1,1976 - February 28, 1977. 61 pp.

by K. Elaine Hoagland, Ruth D. Turner, and Margaret Rochester. Released June 1,1977.

3. March 1 - May 31, 1977 26 pp. + 1 Appendix by K. Elaine Hoagland, Margaret Rochester, and Ruth D. Turner.

Released June 21, 1977.

4. June 1 - August 31, 1977.

by K. Elaine Hoagland, Margaret Rochester, and Lauralynn Crocket. Released October 25, 1977.

5. September 1 - November 30, 1977. 43 pp.

by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Margaret Rocnestar. Released March 10, 1977.

6. December 1,1977 - February 28, 1978. 44 pp.

by ". Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Margaret Rochester. NUREG/CR-0223. Released July,1978.

7. March 1,1978 - May 31,1978. 32 pp.

by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Margaret Rochester. NUREG/CR-0380. Released January,1979.

8. September 1,1977 - August 31, 1978. Annual Progress Report. 113 pp. By K. Elaine Hoagland and Lauralynn C rocke t. NUREG/CR-0634. Released 1979.

x f

ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS OF BORING AND FOULING ORGANISFG IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION with Discussion of Relevant Fnysical Parameters Over ine Period September 1,1978 - November 30, 1978 INTRODUCTION This progress report covers data collected over the period Sept.1, 1978 - Nov. 30,1978. The methods are identical to those given in earlier reports. The period was marked by a prolonged shutdown of the generating station for refueling. A loss of data was caused by malfunction of salinometers, but all other operations were normal. A lost rack at station 2 was recovered intact. The locations of our stations are given in the Appendix.

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FMJOR PHYSICAL EVENTS Temperature Table 1 and Figure 1 show the temperatures recorded at the time of sampling each month. On September 9, the Generating Station had been operating for 3 days following a 2-day shutdown. Oyster Cree!< temperatures were only 1-40 above control stations; there was great variance in the temperatures at the control stations. Durina October and November when the Station was down for refueling, Oyster Creek stations were among the coolest. As has occurred in previous months, the warmest station outside of Oyster Creek '.;as in Stout's Creek (#3). The constant temperature recorders (Table 2) provide more comprehensive data, but at only 4 stations. It can be seen that the mean daily AT was higher in Dyster Creek than at the other stations, although the largest s;ngle daily AT occurred in Forked River, in all three months. Tne temperature in Oyster Creek was about 5.40C lower in fall,1978, than in fall,1977, due to the Station shutdown. Salinity Tables 3 and 4 present salinity data for Oyster Creek (Stations 10-13), Forked River (Stations 4-9) and control stations. As we noted in previous reports, Oyster Creek and Forked River are similar in salin-ity, and fall between the tidal creeks and Barnegat Bay stations. Usually, the salinity is slightly lower at Oyster Creek relative to Forked River. The highest values are usually at Long Beach Island. The greatest month-to-month change in salinity comes at stations 1,2, 3, and 14, that are influenced by variation in outflow of fresh water from tidal creeks. At station 1, some data taken early in the month were excluded. This is because the probe was checked and found to be clogged with silt. After it was cleaneds the salinity rose by 8 0/gg. This problem has not been found at the other stations. 2 a -- 3

Table 1 Temperature Profiles, in Degrees Centigrade, September 9-November 4,1978 Di fferential within stations Station September 9 October 8 November 4 among months 1 c 15.0 11.1 3.9 2 20.6 12.8b 10.0b 10.6 3 22.2 18.3a IS.0a 7.2 4 18.9b c 12.2 6.7 5 18.9b 12.8b 11.7 7.2 6 20.6 13.3 12.2 8.4 7 22.2 16.7 12.8 9.4 8 19.2 13.9 11.9 7.3 9 19.4 14.4 12.2 7.2 10 22.8 14.4 11.1 11.7 11 23.3 14.4 11.1 12.2 12 24.7a 14.4 12.8 11.9 13 23.9 15.0 11.1 12.8 14 21.7 16.i il.1 10.6 15 21.4 c 11.1 10.3 16 19.7 c 11.1 8.6 17 19.7 16.4 11.1 8.6 18 19.4 16.1 12.8 6.6 19 19.4 16.1 12.2 7.2 20 20.0 14.4 10.3 9.7 Di fferential among stations 5.8 5.5 5.0 Note: a highest value b lowest value c no data 3

34 32 FIGURE 1: MONTl!LY TEMPERATURES SEPTEMBER 1978 - NOVEMBER 1978 30 28 A OYSTER CREEK a ALL OTHER STATIONSS 26 A 12 24 a 13 11 A 10 w 22 1 a S a 15 e d a 2,6 a 20 m 20 - a 16 1 g g8,$,7 18,19 o 4,5 18 ^3 E a 7 16 A}[,18,19 w g

                                  ^^ 1,13                a3 p                                  Aa 9,10,11,12,20 14
                                   ^ 8 a 6 a 2.5                46 7,12,18 6 4,6,9,19 12                                                    a8 Aa 1,10,11,1_*.14,15,16,17 10 a 2,20 8

6 5 SEPT. 1978 OCT 1978 NOV. 1978 COLLLCTION DATE 4

Table 2 Constant Temperature Recorder Data ( C) for Sept. 9 - Dec. 2,1978 Stations 1,5,11,14 I. Temperat!re at 1:00 PM Sept.9 - Oct 8,1978 Oct 8 - Nov 4, 1978 Nov 4 - Dec 2,1978

1 5 11 14 1 5 11 14 5 11 14

10.9 Mean Daily Temp at 1 PM 18.8 18.9
19.7 13.5 14.1
14.9 9.3 10.0 St mdard Deviation 1.6 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 3.0 3.0 2.0 Highest value of Temp. at 1 PM 21.4 23.0 22.8 17.3 17.8 18.3 13.0 13.6 13.3 Lowest value of Temp. at 1 PM 16.3 16.1 17.6 11.3 11.9 12.7 4.2 5.0 4.9 Monthly Temp. Range at 1 PM 5.1 6.9 5.2 6.0 5.9 5.6 8.8 8.6 8.4 m II. Maximum Daily Temperatures ISept.9 - Oct 8,1978 Oct 8 - Nov 4, 1978 Nov 4 - Dec 2, 1978 1 6 11 14 1 5 11 14 1 5 11 14 Mean value of Max. Daily Temp. 19.8 20.1 21.5 19.9 14.1 14.9 14.9 15.1 9.6 10.6 11.1 11.4 Standard Deviation 1.9 1.7 3.0 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.8 3.0 2.7 2.6 1.8 Highest value of Max. Daily Temp. 21.5 23.0 2".' 23.2 17.8 1),8 18.6 18.5 13.3 13.7 13.6 13.6 Lowest value of Max. Daily Temp. 16.9 17.1 16.7 17.7 11.9 13.1 12.? 12.8 4.8 6.0 6.4 Monthly Range of Max. Daily Temp. 6.6 5.9 11.9 5.2 5.9 4.7 6.4 5.7 8.5 7.7 8.8 '2

     ~~~* Recorder running fast. Temperature at precisely 1 PM could not be evaluated with certainty.

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Table 2, Continued III. Minimum Daily Temperatures Sept 9 - Oct 8, 1978 Oct 8 - Nov 4,1978 Nov 4 - Dec 2, 1978 1 5 11 14 1 5 11 14 1 5 11 14 Mean value of min. Daily Temp. 18.3 18.4 19.6 18.7 12.8 13.5 12.9 13.9 8.7 9.5 9.6 10.5 1.7 1.7 3.1 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.0 Standard Deviation Highest value of Min. Daily Temp. 21.7 21.5 26.8 22.1 16.7 16.7 17.2 17.1 12.6 12.9 12.6 13.1 Lowest value of 4.9 Min. Daily Temp. 15.5 15.8 14.2 16.6 10.7 11.6 10.9 12.1 3.9 4.9 4.6 Monthly Range of Min. Daily Temp. 6.2 5.7 12.6 5.5 6.0 5.1 6.3 5.0 8.7 8.0 8.0 8.2 cn IV. Daily Temperature Range Sept 9 - Oct 8,1978 Oct 8 - Nov 4,1978 Nov 4 - Dec 2, 1978 1 5 11 14 1 5 11 14 -1 5 11 14 Mean Daily AT TT 1.7 T9 1.2 T4 T3 2.~0 1.2 07 TT 1.4 0- 8 Standard Deviation 0.8 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.5 Largest Daily ~ AT for one month 3.3 4.7 3.9 2.2 2.4 4.8 4.5 2.5 1.8 3.3 2.8 1.8 Smallest Daily AT for one mo. O.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 1 D 4 .

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Table 3 Salinity Profiles, in 0/100 Di fferential within stations Station September 9 October 8 November 4 among months 1 15.0 26.5 10.0 16.5 2 10.0 17.5 10.0 7.5 3 13.0 21.0 14.0 8.0 4 21.0 c 23.0 2.0 5 21.5 20.5 24.0 3.5 6 21.5 22.0 17.0 5.0 7 14.0 19.0 17.0 5.0 8 19.0 24.5 23.0 5.5 9 23.0 24.5 22.0 2.5 10 19.5 24.0 19.0 5.0 11 21.0 22.5 18.0 4.5 12 20.5 25.0 21.0 4.5 13 14.0 19.0 12.0 5.0 14 17.5 30.0 a 22.5 12.5 15 23.0 c 23.0 0.0 16 22.5 c 23.0 0.5 17 23.5 25.0 23.0 1.5 18 25.5 26.0 32.5 a 7.0 19 28.5 a 29.0 27.0 2.0 20 5.0 b 10.0 b 8.0 b 5.0 Di f ferential among stations 23.5 20.0 24.5 a highest value

Note: b lowest value c missing data 7 r i

Table 4 Constant Recording Salinometer Readings at 12.00 Noon, August 8 - November 4, 1978 (0/o0) Dates Statistic

Sta. 1 Sta. 5 Sta. 11 Sta. 14 Aug 8, 1978 to N O 33 0 0 Sept 9, 1978 [- _ 19,4 _ _

S x 1.5 - - Sept 9, 1978 to N 13 28 0 0 Oct 8, 1973 i 10.1 17.8 - - S x 1.3 1.9 - - Oct 8,1978 to N 28 28 27 0 Nov 4, 1978 X 19.6 19.0 16.7 - S x 29 1.5 1.7 - N, number of days recorded, indicates the extent of missing data. i = mean; Sx = Standard Deviation. 8

3

SHIPWORf15 Monthly Panels Table 5 presents data on numbers and species of shipworms settling during August and September. No shipwoms settled past October 8, at least, none that survived long enounb to make an inpression on the wood. In August, Bankia gouldi settled at control stations but only Teredo bartschi settled in Oyster Creek. Heavy settlement occurred at Holly Park (B. gouldi), Long Beach Island (T. navalis), and Oyster Creek (T. bartschi). In September, successful settlement was sparse, and restricted to T. navalis on Long Beach Island and T. bartschi at one station in Oyster Creek. Remarkable growth of young B_. gouldi occurred during the month of August (Table 6). Ten specimens exceeded 49 mm in length. Signi fi-cant growth occurred among all three species, at all stations where there was settlement. For example, 3 out of 59 specimens of T. bartschi retrieved in the September monthly station 11 panel had achieved a length of 10 mm; the others were fron 1-9 mm. Five specimens of T. navalis from station 18 had achieved a length of 20 mm or more, although 510 were less than 10 mm and 101 were between 10 and 20 nm. No significant growth occurred in juveniles that settled in September or the first week of October. Yearly Panels Panels submerged in the fall of 1977 and removed in the fall of 1978 are described in Tables 7-9. Shipwonc attack, in terms of numbers, was highest at stations #11 and 12 (Oyster Creek), with significant attack also occurring at stations #2 (mouth of Cedar Creek), 8 (between Oyster Creek and Forked River), and 18 (Long Beach Island). Each area is infested primarily by a one species, in each case a different one, except for station 8 where both B. gouldi and T. bartschi occur in high numbers. A few pairs of replicated panels, notably at station 1 and ll-November, differed by an order of magnitude. Mortality occurred most heavily in the crowded panels of stations 11 (October),12 (Sept. ), and 18. At station 18, m rtality was too high to estima te accurately. Size ranges of the specimens (Table 9, Fig. 2) showed that very small specimens of T. navalis existed only at station 18; small and presumably young specimens of T. bartschi 9 n ,

existed at all but station 4. There were a few small B.. gouldi at stations 1 and 2; all other panels contained only adults. The largest specimens occurred at stations 8, ll,12,14,15, and 17. Cumulative Panels Tables 10 and 11 present the numbers and species of shipworms taken from cumulative panels that had been submerged for 3, 4, and 5 months. The heaviest infestation was at stations 1, 2,10-12, and

18. Attack at station 10 near the mouth of Oyster Creek was strong-er than showed up in the yearly panels, but was still lower than at stations 17 and 12. Species deployment was as in yearly panels.

Station 13 near the thermal discharge point was not infested by T. bartschi, but a few T. navalis and B.. gouldi were present. At station 18, where the panels were falling apart by October, mortality was very high and could not be estimated accurately. It was at least 90", for the November panel. At Cyster Creek, significant mortality was r"t seen until October 8; the greatest mortality occurred at station 12. The largest specimens were found at stations 4,10,12, and 17. Live specimens of B. gouldi less than 5 mm long occurred only at station 1 in September. Small T. bartseni aro T. navalis were common in Sep-tember and October, but small T. nui:lis were absent in November (Table 12, Fig. 3). Wood Destruction A quantitative estimate of wood borer damage is prest nted in Tables 13 and 14. The highest damage in the summer of i978 was at station 11 in Oyster Creek, followed by 18 (Long Beach Isl5nd), 12 (0yster Creek), 1 (Holly Park),17 (Manahawkin), and 10 (lagoon off Oyster Creek). A similar pattern is seen for panels submerged 12 .rr.tns, except that damage was considerably less at station 10 and greater at station P (Bayside Beach Club) than would be predicted from the summer data. alone. Damage at station 17 includes boring by the isopod Lim;ioria. 10 q O i

Table 5 3 Number of Living Shipworms in Monthly Panels Dates Submerged Aug 8 - Sept 9,1978 Sept 9 - Oct 8, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. Total B. g. T.b. T.n. Total 1 35 35 0 2 1 1 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 2 2 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 8 2 2 0 9 0 0 10 3 3 0 11 74 74 0 12 56 56 5 5 13 0 0 la 1 1 0 17 0* 0 18 712 712 # 2 2 19 4 4 1 1 20 0 0 Totals -41 133 716 890 0 5 3 8

1 dead

4 dead B.g. = Bankia gouldi T.b. = _Teredo bartschi '

T.n. = Teredo navalis T.sp.= Teredo species (unidentified) 11 n ,

Table 6 Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Monthly Panels Dates Aug 8 - Sept 9, 1978 Sept 9 - Oct 8, 1979 Station B. g. T.b. T.n. T.b. T . n ._ 1 3-92

2 2 3

4 5 2-15 6 7 8 10-11 9 10 5-6 11 1 14

12 1-8 <2
13 14 26 17 18 1-28
2*

19 2-8 2* 20

largest specin,en each month, each species 12 D

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Table 7 Numbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for One Year Date Removed: Sept 9, 1978 Oct 8, 1978 Nov 4, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. 'atal 1 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 3 7 0 0 7 1 Rep 21 0 1 22 34 0 0 34 53 0 0 53 2 16 0 0 16 10 0 0 10 107 0 0 107 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Rep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 1 5 4 0 1 5 5 1 1 7 5 13 0 0 13 11 0 2 13 11 0 1 12 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 17 8 0 25 23 8 0 31 42 9 1 52 10 3 16 0 19 2 12 0 14 1 19 0 20 11 0 1261 0 1261 0 393 0 393 0 1744 0 1744 11 Rep 0 980 980 0 459 1 460 0 496 0 496 12 0 729 1 730 0 884 0 884 0 670 0 670 14 9 0 4 13 10 0 1 11 7 0 0 7 14 Rep 4 0 0 4 2 0 0 2 3 0 0 3 15 4 0 0 4 3 0 0 3 4 0 0 4 16 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 lf Rep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1/ 0 0 2 2 2 0 14 16 0 0 9 9 78 No Panel 1 0 494 495 0 0 465 465

      '9       0       0     2       2        1      0      5       6      1     0      7       8
.,   Total    93 2994       11   3098       107 1756     518    2381    244 2939     484    3667

Table 8 Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, Panels Submerged for One Year Date Sept 9, 1978 Oct 8, 1978 Nov 4, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. Tsp. _ Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Tsp. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Tsp. Total i 1 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 3 7 0 0 0 7 1 Rep 21 0 1 0 22 34 0 0 0 34 53 0 0 0 53 2 16 0 0 0 16 10 0 0 0 10 107 0 0 0 107 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a Rep 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 2 0 6 4 0 1 0 5 5 1 2* 0 8* 5 13 0 0 0 13 11 0 2 0 13 11 0 1 0 12 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 23 8 0 0 31 42 9 1 0 52

   %   8     17        8    0     0 20 10      3       16    0     0      19    3*   12     1*   0    16*  1      19    0    0 11      0     1261+*  0     0    1261+*  0   524*    0    0   524*  0   1744     0    0   1744 11 Rep  0     1127*   O     O    1127*   0   559*    1    0   560*  O    496     0    0    496 12      0      875*    1    0     376*   0   894*    0    0   894*  0     670     0   0    670 14       9       0    4     0      13   10     0     2*   0    12*   7      0     0   0       7 14 Rep  4        0     0    0       4    2     0     0    0     2    3      0     0   0       3 4        0     0    0       4    3     0     0    0     3   4       0     0   0       4 15 16       0       0     0    0       0    1     0     0    0     1    1      0     0   0       1 16 Rep  0        0     0    0       0    0     0     0    0     0    1      3     0   0       1 17      0        0     2    0       2    2     0    14    0    16    0      0     9   0       9 18       -        -    -    -       -

1 0 494** O 495Fr 0 0 4 65+* 0 4 65+* 19 0 0 2 0 2 1 0 5 0 6 1 0 7 0 8 , Total 93 3287+ 12 0 3392+ 108 1997 520+ 0 2625+ 244 2939 485+ 0 3668+

Mortality occurred. Compare numbers with Table 7.

       + Some dead specimens could not be counted.

Table 9 Length Ranges of Living Shipeorms, in mm, Yearly Panels Date Removed: Sept 9,1978 Oct 8, 1978 Nov 4, 1978 Station B. g. T.b. T.n. B. g. T.b. T.n. B.g. T.b. T.n. 1 45 56-133 7-247 1 Rep 6-201 43 16-245 19-219 2 7-137 2-170 43-198 3 3 Rep 4 31-90 93 28-212 122 91-210 49 134 5 9-183 32-240 138-140 90-208 50 6 112 230

7 8 14-224* 3-14 18-34 32-160 3-40 85 10 28-212 5-47 156-200 5-60 268 11 1-72 3-100* 2-83 11 Rep 2-86 2-68 168 1-118*

12 1-95* 117 2-97 1-115 14 87-199 42-150* 40-270* 120 125-268 14 Rep 105-176 115-185 195-271 15 73-144 173-261 142-293* 16 42 193 16 Rep 133 17 30-45 162-201 42-175* 85-160* 18 32 2-117 2-78 19 109 192 30-174 142 22-143

Largest specimen each month, each species.

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Table 10 Numbers of Living Shipworms, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 Date Removed: Sept 9,1978 Oct 8,1978 Nov 4, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. T.sp. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Total 1 29 0 0 0 29 31 0 0 31 36 0 0 37 7 2 0 @ '*? O O @ O G 6 34 0 0 34 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3

           .)         5      4      0     0   0      4    5      0     0         5    4   0      2      6 6      1      0     0   0      1    0      0     0         0    1   0      0      1
            .         7      0      0     0   0      0    0      0     0         0    0   0      0      0 8      6      3     0   0      9   10      2     1        13    6   2      1      9 9      0      0     0   0      0    0      0     0         0    1   0      0      1 10      2   373      0   0    375    1    247     0       248    2 189      0    191 SI   11      2   970      0   0    972    2    522     0       524    0 765      0    765 12      0   526      0   0    526    0    668     0       668    1 300      0    301 13      0      0     8   0      8    2      0     0         2    0   0      0      0 14      5      0     0   0      5   10      0     0        10    7   0      1      8 17      1      0   18    0     19    0      0   23         23    0   0    14      14 18      1      0 564     0    565    3      0 1070       10733              *      #

19 0 0 5 1 6 1 0 7 8 0 0 5 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 56 1872 595 1 2524 68 1439 1101 2608 95 1256 24 1375 f.' dD Rack missing; recovered in November. s L Part of panel missing.

                      # Panel riddled; 90% dead.
-)

Table 11 flumber of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative f anels Submerged May 31, 1978 Date Removed: Sept 9, 1978 Oct 8, 1978 Nov 4, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. Tsp. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Total B.g. T.b. T.n. Total 1 29 0 0 0 29 31 0 0 31 36 0 1 37 2 G G O @ G (* O O O 34 0 0 34 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 0 5 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 5 4 0 0 0 4 5 0 0 5 4 0 2 6 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 6 3 0 0 9 10 2 1 13 6 2 1 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 10 2 373 0 0 375 1 249* 0 250* 2 193* 0 195* 11 2 970 0 0 972 2 522* 0 524* 0 765 0 765* 12 0 526 0 0 526 0 6 71

0 671
1 360* O 361*

13 0 0 3 0 8 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 14 5 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 10 7 0 1 8 17 1 0 18 0 19 0 0 23 23 0 0 14 14 18 1 0 564 0 565 3 0 1070 1073+* n *# *: 19 0 0 5 1 6 1 0 7 8 0 0 7* 7* 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 56 1872 595 1 2524 68 1442* 1101 2611+* 95 1320* 26* 1441+* 3 i

Mortality occurred. Compare numbers wi" < bl e 10.

O Rack missing; Racovered in November. v A Part of panel missing; animals presumen tea:

          # Panel riddled;   ~90% dead.
          + Some dead specimens could not be counted.

Table 12 Length Ranges of Living Specimens, in mm, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 Date Removed: Sept 9, 1978 Oct 8, 1978 flov 4, 1978 Station B.g. T.b. T.n. B.g. T.b. T.n. B.g. T.b. T.n. 1 3-132 17-247 21-278 95 2 11-210 3 4 22-250* 156-31C* 84-174 5 8-105 30-200 15-195 15-205 6 70 104 7 8 14-160 2-15 83-300 18-51 170 95-21,4 15-42 92 10 87-128 2-53 200 2-132* 163-184 2-100 11 9-122 2-69 107-142 4-117 2-48 12 1-90* 2-75 43 2-62 13 8 8-188 14 61-150 18-180 70-242 247

17 60 7-172* 39-219* 200 86-197 18 53 1-73 9-45 2-103 19 3-125 127 9-132 15-155 20
Largest specimen each month, each species.

FIGURE 3: lilST0 GRAMS OF LENGTilS OF SiiIPWORMS TAKEN FROM PANELS A. SEPTEMBER CUMULATIVE PANELS 11 10

   $   9 Ei a  8 e

{o 7 B_ . gouldi Station 1 d 6

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Fi s'RE 3, Continued B. OCTOBER CLHULATIVE PANELS 6, B_. pouldi Station 1 4-3- 2<

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C E N B. pouldi Station 8

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Table 13 Percentage Weight Loss by Cumulative Panels Submerged May 31, 1978 Date Removed July 7 Aug 8 Sept 9 Oct 7 Nov 5 Mo. Submerged: 1 2 3 4 5 Station 1 0.0 0.0 5.0 17.1 42.8, 2 0.0 lost lost lost 17.2 3 0.0 1.0 4.0 2.0 3.8 4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 5 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3 4.9 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 7 00 0.0 11.6 0.0 0.0 8 0.0 0.0 2.9 10.1 6.3 9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 w 10 17.4 0.0 14.6 22.6 24.6 C

ll 0.9 2.8 37.7 53.7 75.7 12 0.0 0.0 8.1 18.9 67.8 13 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 14 0.0 0.0 10.6 3.5 19.6 17 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 25.2 18 0.0 0.0 10.6 82.0 73.6 19 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 C.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Table 14 Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly Panels, Removed Sept-!:ov,1978 Montn Removed Sept 9 Oct 7 Nov 5 Station 1 2.4 3.5 17.3 1 rep. 13.8 23.3 53.3 2 8.0 10.2 24.7 3 3.6 5.0 5.7 3 rep. 4.9 8.0 8.3 4 5.1 0 6.3 5 12.6 27.2 19.8 6 0 5.6 12.6 7 t.1 5.3 90 8 20.0 39.i 59.? 10 8.0 13.3 6.8 11 68.2 76.5 84.7 il rep. 64.9 70.1 39.7 12 40.5 59.2 61.7 14 18.3 22.6 22.6 14 rep. 8.9 4.8 14.6 15 0 0 32.6 16 4.0 0 12.5 16 rep. 4.0 13.4* 10.3 17 26.7* 23.4* 36.8 18 lost 31.8 72.6 19 0 8.1 7.4 i

Limnoria damage.

39

                                                               .r, o .)

Reproduction In Table 15 are ash-free dry weights of gonads and somatic tissues for some of the specimens of Bankia gouldi removed in September and October,1978. By November, many specimens had gonads so small that they could not be dissected. Although the sample size at Oyster Creek stations was necessarily small, a trend toward both larger gonaas on an absolute scale and proportionally larger gonads can be seen. The results are not si.ctistically significant, due to small sample size and high variance. However, the trend is the same for all experimental par.els except for the yearly panels removed in October, where the ganad/ body ratio was highest at control stations. In all cases, the gonad / body ratio dropped between September and October. Specimens of Teredo could be examined directly for larvae in the gills as an indicator of reproductive condition (Table 16). The percentage of Teredo carrying larvae did not change significantly over the months reported here. Over 1/3 of all T. bartschi carried larvae, while only about 1% of T. navalis did. All of the latter were at station 18. Larvae of T. bartschi did not appear outside of Oyster Creek (at stations 4 and 8) until November 4,1978. The smallest shipworm found to have larvae in the gills was a T. bartschi 4 mm long from Oyster Creek. 40

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Table 15 Goned Ash-free Dry Weights Bankia gouldi Specimens Removed Sept-Oct, 1978 Monthly Panels, 8/8/78-9/9/78 Mean Gonad Wt. SD .00211 .00119 Mean of (Gonad Wt/ Total Body Wt) SD .15373 .07637 N O O 12 Cumulative Panels, 5/30/78-9/9/78 Mean Gonad Wt SD .00340 .00181 .00454* .00160 .00356 .00240 Mean (G/B) SD .077431.07848 .13018* .07943 .11812 .09505 N 11 3 19 Cumulative Panels, 5/30/78-10/7/78 u Mean Gonad Wt SD .00421 .00401 .00427* .00093 .00264 .00192 Mean (G/B) 1 SD .04830 .02345 .05772* .01457 . 04265t: 03191 N 15 3 17 Yearly Panels, 9/7/77-9/9/78 Mean Gonad Wt 2 SD 0.00549 .00461 .00998*:.00329 .00551 .00496 Mean (G/B) SD 0.14438 .11707 .20116* .11523 .151562.10657 N 26 3 29 Yearly Panels, 10/6/77-10/7/78 Mean Gonad Wt SD .00325 .00244 .00543* .00282 .00206 Mean (G/B) SD .04080 .03353 .04774 .06023* .03310 N 34 1 39 J'

Highest value

Table 16 The Percentage of Teredo Specimens Found with Larvae in the Gills # T. bartschi T. navalis Yearly Panels Sept 9 Oct 8 Nov 4 Sept 9 Oct 8 Nov 4 Sta. 1 - - - 0(1) - - 4 - - 100(1) O(1) 0(1) 0(1) 5 - - - - 0(2) 0(1) 8 0(8) 0(8) 78(9) - - 0(1) 10 50(16) 67(12) 26(19) - - - 11 34(1261) 53(393) 25(1744) - - - llrepl.44(980) 34(459) 27(496) - 0(1) - 12 12(729) 33(884) 34(670) 0(1) - - 14 - - - 0(4) 0(1) - 17 - - - 0(2) 0(14) 0(9) 18 - - - *

                                                       .002(494).006(465) 19          -       -            -

0(2) 0(5) 0(7) Cumulative Panels 1 0(1) 5 0(2) 8 0(3) 0(2) 50(2) - 0(1) 0(1) 10 64(373) 40(247) 31(18S') - - - 11 44(970) 34(522) 36(765) - - - 12 49(526) 19(668) 26(300) - - - 13 - - - 0(8) - - 14 - - - - - 0(1) 17 - - 0(18) 0(23) 0(14) 18 - - -

                                           .009(564)   .02,'1070)

19 - - -

0(6) 0(7) 0(5) Total

 %     39%        34%         26%           0.8%       1.5%       0.67 The percentage is followed by the number of specimens examined.

No Panel 42 3

FOULIrlG ORGAf1 ISMS Tc es 17-23 give presence-absence data for some of the most com.non fouling organisms in Barnegat Bay. The format is the same as in our earlier reports. Electra crustulenta (Table 17) settled widely and heavily in Barnegat Bay, except for the lowest salinity st6 tion, #3. The same occurred during September-flovember of 1977. E. crustulenta is found on yearly panels at station 3, so it does settTe there but is seascnally restricted. E. crustulenta was most abundant in Forked River. kdroides dianthus (Table 18) settled oniy on Long Beach Island and at Waretown during fall,1978. It is most abundant in Forked River and from Waretown south. It tuds not to co-occur with Mercierella enigmatica, another calcareous u;be-building polychaete. Compared with 1977, H. d;anthus was not as abundant nor as frequent, especially on monthly panels. It is not abundant in Oyster Creek. Botryllus schlosseri (Table 19) also was less frequent and abundant in fall of 1978 than in 1977 at the same time of year. It is most common at Waretown, Long Beach Island, and the main channel of Forked River. The biggest change since 1977 was its disappearance from stations 1 and 2. Although it is entirely absent from Oyster Creek, the Generating Station is not implicated, because it is also absent from Stout's and Cedar Creek, and the middle branch of Forked River. Its patchy distribution is unexplained. B_._ schlosseri actively starts new colonies in fall months. Enteromorpha (Table 20) comprises two species, E_._ intestinalis at most inner bay stations and E. prolifera at Long Beach Island. The di.;tribution pattern of E. intestinalis is spotty, and differs from 1977. All plants, except those of E. prolifera, were small in 1978. Enteromorpha did not colonize during September and October. The barnacle Balanus eburneus (Table 21) stopped settling in October, as it did in 1977. During August and September, it settled most abundantly in Oyster Creek and the mouth of Forked River (station 4, 8, 10, and 11). Molgula manhattensis (Table 22) and campanulareid hydroids were both found on a few monthly panels; adults were more common at the southet n stations (14-19). The total number of fouling species (Tables 24-26) is greatest on Long Beach Island (stations 18-19), closely followed by Forked River (stations 4-6 and 8) and Waretown (station 14). The lowest number of species were at the northern and low-salinity stations (#1-3 and 7). Oyster Creek falls in between. 43 i

Table 17 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Electra crustulenta Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly Sept X X X X X X X X X Oct X X X X X X X X X X X Nov X X XR X X X B. Cumulative Sept X - X X X X X X X

   $    Oct           X    -

X X X X X X X Nov X X X X X X X X X X X C. Yearly Sept X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Oct X X X X X X X X X X X X Nov X X X X X X X X X X X X : Present XR : Present but Rare

No panel 2

1

Table 18 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Hydroides dianthus Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly Sept X X X Oct X Nov B. Cumulative Sept - X X X# X X X X Oct - X X X X X X X u Nov X X# X X X X# X X X X e C. Yearly Sept X X X X X X X Oct X# X X X X X# X X X X Nov X X X# X X X X XR# XR# X X X X D. On Block or Rack Only Sept X X X# X Oct X X X X# Nov X X X . Present XR : Present but Rare

  ,              #   : May have been confused with Mercierella enigmatica
                    . No panel

Table 19 Distribution of Some Common Feuling Organisms Botryllus schlosseri Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly Sept X X X X Oct X X X X X Nov X X X X X B. Cumulative Sept - X X X X Oct - X X X X X X Nov X X X X X X C. Yearly Sept X X X X Oct X X X X X Nov X X X X X X D. On Block or Rack Only

           ' Sept                                                                X Oct                                                                  X Nov X    . Present XR : Present but Rare
                        . No panel J

i ~.

Table 20 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Enteromorpha spp. Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly Sept X X Oct Nov B. Cumulative Sept - X X X Oct - X X X 0 Nov X X X C. Yearly Sept X X Oct X X X Nov X X D. On Block or Rack Only Sept X X X X Oct X X X Nov X : Present XR Present but Rare

No panel

Table 21 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Balanus eburneus Station - A. Monthly 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 Sept X X X X X X X X X Oct X X X X > Nov . B. Cumulative ! Sept X - X X X X X X X X X X , Oct X - X X X X X X X X X X X X Nov X X X XR X X X X X X , C. Yearly .

   ,    Sept           X   X    X    X                       X    X      X       X  X m    Oct            X   X    X    X    X   X        X     X    X      X    X  X  X Nov            X   X    X   X     X   X        X     X    X  X   X       X  X D. On Rack or Block Only Sept                                     X                   X Oct Ncv                                                                           .

X : Present - I XR : Present but Rare

No panel T

s E E

Table 22 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Mogula_manhattensis Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly X Sept X X X X X Oct X X Nov X B. Cumulative X X Sept X - X X X X X X Oct - X X X X X X X X g Nov X X C. Yearly Sept X X X X X X X X X X Oct X X X X X X X X XR XR X X X X Nov X D. On Block or Rack Only Sept X X X Oct Nov X : Present XR : Present but Rare

No panel i

Table 23 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Campanulareid spp. Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 17 18 19 A. Monthly Sept X X Oct X X Nov B. Cumulative Sept - X X X X Oct - X g Nov C. Yearly Sept X X X Oct X X X X Nov X X X X X D. On Rack or Block Only Sept Oct Nov X X X : Present . XR : Present but Rare No panel .s

Table 24 Sedentary Species Richness, September 1978 Station Panels Racks Block 4x4 Total Monthly Cum. Yrly 1 0 6 4 10 3 - 10 2 4 - 4 5 6 4 9 3 4 3 4 S 3 3 10 4 8 il 12 11 6 - 17 5 8 11 10 13 9 11 17 6 7 11 10 10 5 8 17 7 7 1 3 4 3 2 9 8 4 5 11 12 7 8 16 10 6 8 9 11 3 4 13 11 7 8 5 3 - - 17 12 5 4 5 10 1 3 12 14 8 13 11 11 6 7 17 17 5 9 8 9 2 6 16 18 8 12 16 9 4 - 22 19 9 11 5 10 5 9 17

No substrate 51

                                                              !;   ,

Table 25 Sedentary Species Richness, October 1978 Station Panels Racks Block 4x4 Total Monthly Cum. Yrly 1 2 4 3 8 5 - 9 2 5 - 6 7 7 5 13 3 3 5 8 7 4 5 10 4 7 12 11 12 7 - 17 5 5 10 11 8 6 9 15 6 2 9 9 li 5 8 16 7 3 3 4 5 2 3 8 8 7 11 12 12 7 9 17 10 6 5 9 9 4 4 12 11 4 6 8 10 5 3 13 12 2 3 5 9 3 3 14 14 8 11 12 10 4 5 16 17 1 8 7 10 3 7 12 18 9 14 14 10 5 - 19 19 8 10 16 12 8 7 22 No subst ate 52

, i

Table 26 Sedentary Species Richness, November 1978 Station Panels Racks o ' -g 4x4 Total Monthly Cum. Yrly 1 2 6 5 6 4 - 9 2 0 6 6 8 4 4 13 3 4 5 6 8 6 4 11 4 5 8 .3 5 2 - 14 5 5 IT 12 15 5 8 21 6 4 li 14 10 5 8 19 7 2 7 3 5 3 - 10 8 3 10 14 9 6 5 19 10

2 7 9 10 3 5 14 11 2 6 9 12 5 8 15 12 1 6 5 4 2 2 10 14 5 13 11 9 5 6 le 17 1 10 10 9 4 7 17 18 1 9 17 13 4 -

20 19 7 12 10 16 7 12 22

No substrate 53

                                                                 ~n,   c, i    )

DISCUSSION Despite the shutdown for refueling, Teredo bartschi conti'iued to thrive in Oyster C reek. The most significant finding of the quarte was the discovery in Forked River of T. bartschi containing lervaes From the low numbers of T. bartschi in Forked River and the presence of larvae only in November, it appeared that T. bartschi was a summer invader and was not reoroductively active there until the end of the summer of 1978. It will be of great importance if T. bartschi undergo an outbreak in Forked River next spring. The larvae in the gills of T. bartschi appear to remain alive and healthy through November, at least. T. navalis, on the other hand, appears not to keep larvae in the giTls through the fall uonths. This is a major species difference. T. bartschi may require only a few warm days for release of larvae and settling, since its free-swimming period can be less than 72 hours (1). Monthly shipworm settlements were comparable to those in the fall of 1977, except that there were more T. bartschi, and T. bartschi replaced T. navalis and T. furcifera on the monthly panels in Oyster Creek. T. navalis continued to settle heavily at Long Beach Island. Each year, B;. gouldi stops settling before Teredo species in the fall. Species composition was mixed, but there was primarily one species at ea.ch locality where the attack was intense. The greatest damage occurred in Oyster Creek, both in terms of number of individuals and amount of wood destroyed. Compared with 1976 and 1977, attack of T. ncvalis at station 17 increased, while attack of B. gouldi at station 2 was lower. Surprisingly, there was no attack at station 20 in Cedar Creek, despite evidence of former attack. But the salinity was too low. In years prior to 1978, tne salinity must have been higher, allowing stipworms to int ie. The attack of T. bartschi in Oyster Creek was more widespread than in 1977 (2). Because the generating station was not operating during most of the period reported here, high growth rates were not correlated with Oyster Creek. Growth rate is related to the species, degree of crowding, and temperature (3, 4); growth declined in September. Mortality was alsc related to crowding, and was significant only at a few stations (#12, 18). Exact quantitative estimates of mortality are difficult in badly damaged panels because the valves and pallets of the shipworns fall out of the wood. For this reason, mortality is underestimated at stations 10-12 and 18. Likewise, mortality of newly-settled juveniles goes unrecorded because they fail to leave impressions in the wood. 55 7n- ,c,

The gonad size and gonad: body weight ratio indicate that there is a greater reproductive potential in Oyster Creek. The contradictory fact that the gonad: body weight ratio was higher at control stations in October may mean that the Oyster Creek specimens spawned out earlier, or it may be an artifact of small sample size. The only major fouling organism which had a distribution related to the operation of the power plant in this quarter was Electra crustu-lenta. Without increased salinity, it would be absent or ra e in Oyster Creek and Forked River. In general, fouling was less abundant in the fall of 1978 than in the fall of 1977, except at station 14 where little change was noted. The reason for the difference is not known. The total number of fouling species in Oyster Creek declined in fall, due to high August temperatures and heavy siltation. The silt affected Enteromorpha intestinalis and other algae as well as Electra crustulenta; barnacles were not affected. We have reported the finding of Mercierell igmatica, an intro-duced polychaete, in Oyster Creek and Fork. 'ver (5). We have no evidence that it is related to 'he thern >lume; it is not a warm-water species. The slightly lower salinity in Oyster Creek compared with Forked River is due to an influx of fresh water from both Oyster Creek _ d the upper parts of Forked River. Low salinities at stations 6 and 9 compared with 5 during the summer and in November were due to de-watering activities for installation of sewer pipes. These activi-ties had no noticeable impact on the marine fauna, except at the point of entry, where fouling was scarce and turbidity was high. The negative effect of the Generating Station on wooden structures via shipwonn attack is not the only biological problem to have arisen from the operation o# the Station. Increase in biochemical oxygen demand due to entrainment of organisms in the cooling water system has been reported (6). The thermal plume has affected fish distri-butions (7), caused fish kills (8), altered growth patterns (3), and extended the breeding season of invertebrates (9). Still unresolved are the impact of these changes on the entire Barnegat Bay ecosystem, and the possible future spread of Teredo bartschi in Forked River. 56 aic ,

REFEREtKES

1. C. E. Lane, J. Q. Tierney, and R. E. Hennacy, "The respiration of normal larvae of Teredo bartschi Clapp," Biological Bullet _in 106, 323-327 (1954). Available in public science iibraries.

2. B. R. Richards, A. E. Helm, C. I. Belmore, and R. E. Hillman,

  " Annual Report for the Period June 1,1976 to November 30, 1977 on Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station,"

prepared for the Jersey Central Power and Light Co. , February 1, 1978. Available in Energy Spectrum library, Oyster Creek Generat-ing Station.

3. M. J. Kennish and R. K. Olsson, " Effects of thermal discharge on the microstructural growth of Mercenaria mercenaria," En_vironmental Geology 1, 41-64 (1975). Available in public science librar.es.

4. J. W. Gibbons, " Thermal additions and the enhancement of species populations," in Themal Ecology II_, U.S.E.R.D. A. Symposium Series (CONF-750425),1976. Available for purchase from National Technical Information Service, Spcingfield, Virginia 22161.

5. K. E. Hoagland and R. D. Turner, " Introduced species found in the vicinity of a temperate-zone nuclear generating station." Ms sub-mitted to Marine Biology (1979). Available from the senior author.

6. C. O'Neill, D. Doyle, O. Donovan, and E. Kearns, " Biochemical oxygen demand as a measura of entrainment loss at a nuclear power station," Undemater Naturalist 10(3), 19-20 (1977). Available for purchase from the American Littoral Society.

7. O. Donovan, D. Doyle, C. 0-Neill, and E. Kearns, " Thermal plume impact on fish distributions in Barnegat Bay," Undemater Natural-ist 10(3),14-18 (1977). Available for purchase from the American Littoral Society.

8. Jersey Central Power and Light Co. , "0yster Creek and Forked River Nuclear Generating Stations 316(a) and (b) Demonstration."

Vol. 1: Text; Vol. 2: Appendices Al-Cl; Vol 3: Appendices C2-C6; Vol. 4: Appendices C7-Dl', Vol. 5: Appendices El-F1 (1978). Available in Er.ergy Spectrum library, Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.

9. J. S. Young ad A. B. Frame, "Some effects of a power plant effluent on estuarine er osnthic organisms," Int. Revue gg. Hydrobiol . 61 (1), 37-61 (15 e6). Available in public science libraries.

57

                                                                  'n. o

APPENDIX: STATION LOCALITIES STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION C0 ORDINATES 1 Holly Park Dick's Landing Lat.390 54' N 0 8' Island Drive Lon.74 W Bayville, N.J. Bay contrcl 2 Mouth of Last Lagoon toward mouth 39U 52; N Cedar Creek South Side 740 8.5' W Estuarine control 3 Stout's Creek End of Rale S Drive 390 50.7' N Gustav Walta s' res idence 740 9' W Estuarine control 4 Mouth of South Shore 390 49.4' N Forked River Developed property 740 9.8' W Possible temperature increare increased oceanic influence due to reverse flow 5 Leilani Drive At branch point of 390 49.S' N Forked River 740 10.5' W 0 6 Elk's Club South Branch 39 49.4' N Forked River 740 10.9' W Increase in salinity due to plant intake canal 7 Grant's Boats Middle Branch, Forb ' River 39 49.6' N just S. of State M 74 0 11.6' W 8 Bayside Beach On bay between Oyster Creek 390 49.0' N 0 9.7' Club and Forked River across 74 W from 1815 Beach Blvd. , Forked River, N.J. Temperature increase since plant cperation. 59

                                                                            ., c

STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES

- 9 Intake Canal House closest to intake canal 390 49.2' N Salinity effect; strong 740 12.2' W current upstream 10 Kochman's End of Compass Rd. on 39 48.5' N 0

Residence #1 Lagoon, Oyster Creek, 74 10.6' W Waretown , N.J. Temperature, salini ty, siltation increase 11 Crisman's Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek, 390 48.5' N Pesidence Waretown, N.J. 740 11.0' W Temperature, salinity, siltation increase 0 12 Gilmore's 20 Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek 39 48.5' N Residence Waretown, N.J. Temperature, 740 11.3' W salinity, siltation increase

- 13 Rte 9 Bridge Oyster Creek just below 390 48.7' N discharge canal. Temperature, 740 12' W salinity increase 14 Cottrell's Ena of North Harbor Rd. 390 47.7' N Clam Factory Waretown V.J. (Mouth of 740 10.9' W Waretown i, reek)

Within reported thermal plume

+15    Carl's Boats   Washington & Liberty Sts.       390 47'      N Waretown, N.J. (on the bay)     740 11'      W To test for tropical species and increases in populations of bcrers as c result of breeding elsewhere
+16    Iggie's Marina East Bay Ave, Barnegat, N.J. 390 44.8'    N Same purpose as Loc.15          740 11.6'    W 17    Manahawkin Bay At bridge to Long Beach Island 390 40'       N Same purpose as Loc. 15         740 13'      W 60 r,-

STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES

- 18 Barnegat Light Marina adjacent to Coast 39 0 45.8' N Guard Station 740 6.5' W
- 19 Long Beach Bayview Marina 390 45.2' N Island 740 6.9' W

20 Cedar Creek Opposite home of 390 52.i' N Mr. and Mrs. Sokolich 740 9.5' W 415 ferry Ave. (Not on map)

Inland from Station 2, at point where stream narrows.

- Stations new as of May 27, 1977

 # Stations new as of May 31, 1978
 + Stations discontinued as of June 1,1978 61 n~ a c, ,

DIETRIBUTION LIST Distribution Category: RE Supplemental Distribution: Part A Mr. Richard Baumgardt Dick's Landing Holly Park Bayville, New Jersey 03721 Mr. William Campbell P. O. Box 668 108 Long John Silver Way Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Stan Cottrell North Harbor Rocd Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Wilson T. Crisman 901 Hudson Street Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Gilmore 20 Dock Ave., Box 205 E, R.R.I. Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Sam Grant Grant's Boat Works Lakeside Drive Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Walter Holzman 1915 Beach Blvd. Forked River Beach, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Charles Kochman Compass Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Jerry Savaris Margo's Marina . Manahawkin, New Jersey 08050 63 n :

Mr. Ed Sheridan 1108 Leilani Drive Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. and Mrs. Sokolich 415 Terry Avenue Cedar Creek Bayville, New Jersey 08721 Mr. Gustav Walters 100 Manhattan Avenue, Apt. 706 Union City, New Jersey 07087 M.. Edward Wheiler 16 River View Drive P. O. Box 642 Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Part B Bea R. Richards, Director Battelle Columbus Laboratories Clapp Laboratories Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Mr. flichael Roche Supervisor of Environmental Science Jersey Central Power and Light Co. Mcuison Ave. at Punchbowl Road Morristown, New Jersey 07960 Dr. Gler.n Paulson Asst. Ct,mmissioner for Science Dept. of Environmental Protection State of New Jersey P. O. Box 1390 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Mr. Alan R. Hoffman Lynch, Brewer, Hoffman & Sands Ten Post Office Square Suite 329

Boston, Massachusetts 02109 64

(,

NRC FoRu 335 U.S. NUCLE AR REGUL ATORY COMMISSION (7 77) BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET NUREG/CR-0812

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE (Add Volume No.. of wprooroate) 2. (Leave bie-t)

Analysis of Populations of Boring and Foulinq Organin in the Vicinity of the Oyster freck "uulear Generating 3. RECIPIENT'S ACCESSION NO. Station

  . AU THOR (S)                                                                     5. DATE REPORT COMPLE.TED K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket                                                         " N rch                  79

9. PERF ORMING ORGANIZATION N AME AND MAILING ADDRESS (Include Zen Codel DATE REPORT ISSUED Wetlands Institute (Lehigh University) " N" **^"

Stone Harbor, New Jersey 08247

6. (Leave Nank)

8. (Leeve Nank)

12. SPONSORING ORC ANIZ ATION N AME AND M AILING ADDRESS (/nclude 2,p Codel p

Environmental Effects Branch Division of Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Res. 11. CONTRACT NO. Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D. C. 20555 AT(49-24)-0347

13. TYPE OF REPORT PE RIOD CQvE RE D (/nclusive dates)

Quarterly Report September 1, 1978-November 30, 1978

15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. (Leave Nankl

16. ABSTR ACT 000 words or sess)

The growth, dis ribution, and species composition of marine borers (primarily ship-worms) and . fouling organisms are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generati ig Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Untreated wood test panels are used to coll !ct organisms at 18 localities. Out nost recent findings covering September-November,1978, are that at least one subtropical species of the borer family Teredinidie continues to live in Oyster Creek; it now breeds at the mouth of Forked River. T1e subtropical Teredo bartschi living in Oyster Creek retained well-developed larvac in the gills through Ncvember, while the native species B. gouldi spawned out. Tt e gonads of B. gouldi were vanishingly small in November. Larvae of T. bartschi set . led in Oyster Creek and larvae of the native T. navalis settled on Long Beach Islar d in September, but no la'ter. The last B. gouldi of the season settled in Augus. The greatest wood damage occurred at station 12 in Oyster Creek. Increased siltatit, on rocks in Oyster Creek decreased both the abundance and the diversity of foulir <1 organisms. The introduced polychaete Mercierella enigmatica has been found in Oyster Creek as well as stations to the north.

17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT AN ALYSIS 17a. DESCRIPTORS marine borers Teredinidae T. bartschi shipworms Forked River T. navalis Oyster Creek Teredo bartschi Long Beach Island Barnegat Bay B. gouldi polychaete Mercierella enigmatica 17b. IDENTIFIERS /OPEN-ENDE D TERMS

18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 19. SECURITY CLASS (This report / 21. NO. OF PAGES

22. PRICE I gu. decvRiTY CLASS (This pepe/ $

NRCFORM 335 (7-77) % '

                                                                                                               ;     'if,

UNI T i l) STATis M

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