ML19321B292
| ML19321B292 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 07/31/1980 |
| From: | Crocket L, Hoagland K LEHIGH UNIV., BETHLEHEM, PA |
| To: | |
| References | |
| CON-FIN-B-5744 NUREG-CR-1209, NUDOCS 8007310019 | |
| Download: ML19321B292 (61) | |
Text
!
NUREG/CR-1209 Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Quarterly Report June - August 1979 Prepared by K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket Wetlands Institute U
Nuc ear Regulatory i
8 00 7310 @lj
p
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3 NOTICE -
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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the e
United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of
- their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's use, or the results of such use, of any information.
~
- apparatus product or process disclosed in this report, or
- represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned ' rights.
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Available from GP0 Sales Program Division of Technical Information and Document Control
-U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission Washington,-D. C. 20555-P_rinted copy-prite:
$3.50 and-National Technical Information Service
-Springfield, Virginic-22161
! Analysis of Populations of l Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Quarterly Report i
- June - August 1979 i Manuscript Completed
- November 1979 Date Published: July 1980 Prepared by 4
- K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket l Wetlands institute (Lehigh University)
Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 i
i Prepared for
' Division of Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Research
- Offica of Nuclear Regulatory Research i U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission W
- chington, D.C. 20565 NRC FIN No. B5744 i
1
ABSTRACT The growth, distribution, and species composition of marine borers (primarily shipworms) and fouling organisms are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey.
Untreated wood test panels are used to collect organisms at 18 localities.
Our most recent findings covering June-August,1979, are that at least one subtropical species of the borer family Teredinidae, Teredo bartschi, continues to live in Oyster Creek and can breed in Forked River, although many die off in winter in Forked River and the species may have to recolonize.
A few of the subtropical T. furcifera also survive in Oyster Creek but cause negligible damage at present, compared with T. bartschi.
Th'e summer,1979, outbreak of T. bartschi in Oyster Creek was severe, causing nearly total destruction to wood panels.
The breeding season for T. bartschi was the same as in 1978.
Some fouling organisms were present in Oyster Creek that are absent in control creek j
stations due to low salinity.
iii
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SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS The purpose of this investigation is to monitor the levels of shipworm infestation in areas adjacent to the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, particularly its water intake and discharge systems.
Furthermore, we are following species composition and breeding and settlement of all boring and fouling invertebrates that associate themselves with our wooden test panels at 18 stations. We record temperature and salinity, and remove and add panels on a monthly basis, except at 4 stations where temperatures and salinity are recorded constantly.
Out major findings are:
1.
The power plant was operating during the period of this report, but had been off extensively during May.
2.
Shipworm larvae settled on monthly panels retrieved in July and August, t
but did not settle in May when the plant was off.
3 Teredo bartschi was found in Oyster Creek and the mouth of Forked River.
4.
Three T. furcifera specimens were found in Oyster Creek.
5.
The heaviest shipworm attack is in Oyster Creek, the Holly Park area, the mouth of Forked River, and one station on Long Beach Island.
6.
Fouling is augmented in Oyster Creek over other tidal creeks because of raised salinity.
7.
Shipworms can grow to maturity in one month, and can produce young at between 2 and 3 months of age.
A greater percentage of females carried young in Oyster Creek than at control stations.
8.
Wood damage caused by T. bartschi in Oyster Creek is as great now as at any other time in our study, and exceeds the damage at the control stations.
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iv i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ABSTRACT iii
SUMMARY
OF FINDINGS......................
iv LIST OF TABLES.
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS viii i
j PREVIOUS REPORTS IN SERIES ix INTRODUCTION 1
1 j
MAJOR PHYSICAL EVENTS.....................
2 Temperature 2
i Salinity 6
SHIPWORMS 9
4 FOULING ORGANISMS.......................
28 j
DISCUSSION 37 APPENDIX A. STATION LOCALITIES 39 1
1 APPENDIX B. HISTOGRAMS OF LENGTHS OF SHIPWORMS 41 DISTRIBUTION LIST.......................
49 i
1 1
v
LIST OF TABLES Page 1.
Monthly Temperature Profiles, in Degrees Centigrade, June 8 - August 10, 1979 3
2.
Continuous Temperatuse Recorder Data ("C) for June 7 - September 7, 1979, Stations 1, 5, 11, 14 4
3.
Salinity Profiles in /oo, June 8 - August 10, 1979 7
4.
Continuously Recording Salinometer Readings at 12:00 Noon, EST, May 5 - August 10, 1979 8
5.
Numbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for one Month..........................
10 6.
Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes in Monthly Panels 11 7.
Percentage of Shipworms that were Alive when Collected -
Monthly Panels 12 8.
Length Ranges of Specimens, in mm, Monthly Panels.
13 9.
Numbers of Living Shipworms, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 19'9..................
15 10.
Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 1979 16 11.
Percentage of Specimens that were Alive when Collected, Cumulative Panels.....
17 12.
I.ength Ranges of 1.iving Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 1979 18 13.
Numbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for One Year 20 4
14.
Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, in Panels Submerged for One Year 21 15.
Percentage of Specimens that were Alive when Collected, Yearly Panel s......................
22 16.
Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Yearly Panels.
23 vi
17.
Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly and Cumulative Panels Removed June - August, 1979..............
25 18.
The Percentage of Live Teredo Specimens Found with Larvae in the Gills...................
26 19.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Electra crustulenta.................
29 20.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Hydroides dianthus 30 21.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Botryllus schlosseri 31 l
22.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Enteromorpha spp.
32 23.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Balanus eberneus 33 24.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Molaula manhattensis 34 j
25.
Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms Campanulareid spp.
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4 vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank the many residents of Oyster Creek who have cooperated in our field work.
Ruth D. Turner has continued to play an important role in the study.
Cindy Brown and Ruth Hermansen provided technical assistance.
Eugenia Bohlke of the Academy of Natural Sciences of PhilMalphia served as X-ray technologist.
viii
4 PREVIOUS REPORTS IN THE SERIES Analysis of Populations of boring and fou.iag organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of relevant physical parameters over the period:
1.
April 30 - November 30, 1976.
61 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoagland, Ruth D. Turner, and Margaret Rochester.
Released January 1, 1977.
2.
December 1,19i5 - February 28, 1977.
61 pp.
by K. Elaine Hragland, Ruth D. Turner, and Margaret Rochester.
Released June 1, 1977.
F 3.
March 1 - May 31, 1977.
26 pp. + 1 Appendix hy K. Elaine Hoagland, Margaret Rochester, and Ruth D. Turner.
Released June 21, 1977.
4.
June 1 - August 31, 1977.
48 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoagland, Margaret Rochester, and Lauralynn Crocket.
Released October 25, 1977.
5.
September 1, - November 30, 1977.
43 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Marga;'et Rochester.
Released March 10, 1977.
6.
December 1, 1977 - February 28, 1978.
43 pp.
I by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Margaret Rochester.
Released July, 1978.
7.
March 1, 1978 - May 31, 1978.
32 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and Margaret Rochester.
Released January, 1979.
8.
. September 1, 1977 - August 31, 1978.
Annual Progress 113 pp.
Report.
By K. Elaine Hoagland and Lauralynn Crocket.
Released 1979.
9.
September, 1978 - Novenber, 1978.
64 pp.
by K. - Elaine Hoagland and Lauralynn Crocket.
Released June, 1979.
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j IX
10.
December 1,1978 - February 28, 1979.
52 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoagland, Lauralynn Crocket, and J. Harms.
11.
March 1 - May 31, 1979.
52 pp.
by K. Elaine Hoag'and and Lauralynn Crocket.
Released October, 1979.
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ANALYSIS OF POPULATIONS OF BORING AND FOULING ORGANISMS IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION 4
with Discussion of Relevant Physical Parameters Over the Period June 1 - August 31, 1979 INTRODUCTION We have continued to study the population dynamics of the three species of shipworms found in the Barnegat Bay area, with respect to changes caused by the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.
We also have studied changes in the fouling community and interactions between boring and fouling organisms.
This progress report covers data collected over the period June 1 - August 31, 1979. The methods are identical to those given in earlier reports.
The period was marked by no unusual occurrences, except that two racks were taken out of the water by someone at station 2, causing a loss of data.
The locations of our stations are given in Appendix A; stations 6 and 15-17 have been discontinued.
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3
MAJOR PHYSICAL EVENTS Temperature Tables 1 and 2 show the temperatures recorded at the time of sampling, and the continuous recorder data, respectively.
The Generating Station was operating during the period of this report.
The AT was between 6 and 8 C, excluding the offshore Long Beach Island stations.
There is evidence of circulation of the heated effluent into Forked River in all three months, especially on June 8, although the AT declined to the van-ishing point at station 9.
The influence of the effluent was felt strongly at stations 5 (mouth of Forked River), 8 (Bayside Beach Club), and 14 (Waretown, south of Oyster Creek).
On July 12, the AT was lower than on June 8.
- Again, there was elevated temperature at the mouth of Forked River (stations 5 and 8) and at Waretown (station 14), but less than in June.
In August, the effluent was evident at stations 5 and 8 as well as those in Oyster Creek.
The lowest temperatures are generally found on Long Beach Island.
The month-to-month increase was insignificant between June 8 and July 12, but the water warmed significantly between July 12 and August 10.
The type of sta-tion (bay or creek) did not appear to be correlated with the size of the temperature differential among months but within stations (last column, Table 1).
The continous recording thermometer data (Table 2) are marred by a leaky instrument at station 5, in August, and a problem at station 1 that caused loss of data above 26 C at that station during all three months.
At station 1 in July, the minimum daily temperature exceeded 26 C for 16 days while the maximum daily temperature exceeded 26 C for 28 days.
In August, the minimum temperature never exceeded 26* C, but the maximum temperature was above 26 C for 11 days.
Station 5 in Forked River had higher temperatures, on the average, than station 14 (Waretown). This suggests recirculation of the heated effluent.
The daily temperature range in Oyster Creek tends to be equal to or less than at the other stations.
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Table 1 Monthly Temperature Profiles, in Degrees Centigrade June 8 - August 10, 1979 Differential among months, Station June 8 July 12 August 10 within stations 1
22.2 21.7 27.0 5.3 2
23.3 20.8a 27.2 6.4 3
21.1 25.6 28.9 7.8 4
25.0 24.5 28.0 3.5 5
23.9 26.0 30.0 6.1 7
23.9 22.0 27.8 5.8 8
27.2 26.5 30.0 3.5 9
23.3 24.0 29.5 6.2 10 27.2 27.8 33.0 5.8 11 27.8 28.3b 33.0 5.2 12 28.9b 28.3b 34.0b 5.7 13 28.3 27.8 21.7 3.9 14 25.0 25.0 27.8 2.8 18 18.9a 20.8a 26.0 7.1 19 20.0 21.1 25.6 5.6 20 20.6 24.4 25.3 4.7 c
Differential among stations within month 10.0 7.5 8.7 j
a Lowest monthly value b
Highest monthly value I
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3 4
Table 2 Continuous Temperature Recorder Data ( C) for June 7 - Sept. 7, 1979 Stations 1, 5, 11, 14 I. Temperature at 1:00 PM June 7 - July 12 July 12 - Aug. 10 Aug. 10 - Sept. 7 1*
5 11 14 1*
5 11 14 1*
5*
11 14 Mean Daily Temp at 1 PM 22.9 26.8 22.1 27.1 31.3 26.9 29.2 24.8 Standard Deviation 1.8
- 1. 4 1.2 1.8 1.9 2.1
- 2. 7 2.0 Highest Value of Temp. at 1 PM 26.3 29.9 25.3 31.2 35.0 30.6 32.7 28.3 Lowest Value of Temp. at 1 PM 17.8 24.9 20.2 23.7 22.9 27.9 22.2 19.7 25.0 20.8 Monthly Temp.
Range at 1 PM
- 8. 5 5.0 5.1 8.3
- 7. I 8.4
- 7. 7
- 7. 5 II. Maximum Daily Temperature June 7 - July 12 July 12 - Aug. 10 Aug. 10 - Sept. 7 1
5 11 14 1
5 11 14 1
5 11 14 Mean Value of Max.
Daily Temp.
24.1 28.0 23.3 28.4 32.2 28.2 30.2 25.8 Standard Deviation i.3 1.2 1.1 1.8 1.6
- 1. 9 2.4 2.3 Highest Value of Max. Daily Temp.
26.7 30.1 25.3 32.1 35.0 30.8 33.7 28.9 Lowest Value of Max. Daily Temp.
21.7 25.7 20.6 25.9 23.9 28.3 23.4 19.9 26.4 21.7 Monthly Range of Max. Daily Temp.
- 5. 0 4.4 4.7 8.2
- 6. 7
- 7. 4 7.3
- 7. 2
- missing data; see explanation in text.
o Table 2 coptinued III. Minimum Daily Temperatures June 7 - July 12 July 12 - Aug.10 Aug. 10_- Sept. 7 1*
5 11
_1d_
1*
5 11 14 1*
5*
11 14 Mean Value of Min. Daily Temp.
21.6 25.8 21.3 26.2 30.5 26.3 28.4 24.0 Standard Deviation 1.7 1.6 1.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.7 2.4 Highest Value of Min.= Daily Temp.
24.6 28.8 23.8 29.1 33.8 28.9 32.2 26.9 Lowest Value of Min. Daily Temp.
16.6 23.3 19.4 23.3 22.1 27.6 21.7 18.7 23.7 19.9 Monthly Range of Min. Daily Temp.
8.0 5.5 4.4 7.0 6.2 7.2 9.5
- 7. 0 IV. Daily Temperature Range June 7 - July 12 July 12 - Aug. 10 Aug. 10 - Sept. 7 1*
5 11 14 1*
5 11 14 1*
5*
11 14 Mean Daily AT 2.5 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.0 1.9 1.9 Standard Deviation 1.0 0.9
- 0. 8 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 i
Largest Daily AT for one month 6.1 4.1 4.4 3.8 3.6 4.8 3.9 4.3
+
Smallest Daily AT for on, month 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.6
- missing data; see explanation in text.
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' Salinity Table 3 reports the salinities recorded at each station during monthly sampling.
Therangearong/ooversusl7-21stationsduringg/oo).
ne month was larger than it was in spring, 1979 (33-24.5 Month-to-month variation within stations ranged from 3 to 13 g/oo, similar to the range found in spring, 1979.
Salinity changes in Oyster Creek were moderate compared with some control stations.
As expected, the changes were usually lowest offshore (stations 18 and 19), and highest in the lower portions of estuaries (sta-tion 3).
The monthly changes at station 5, in Forked River, were anomalously high, but at this time we have no explanation for the data.
There is a general trend of increased salinity from June to August at all stations, reflecting less freshwater runoff.
As we have found in previous years, salinities in Oyster Creek are intermediate between the estuaries (e.g., stations 2, 3, 7, and 20) and bay sites (stations 8 and 14).
The off-shore stations (18, 19) always have the highest salinity.
The salinity in Oyster Creek is the same (June and July) or slightly less (August) than at the mouth of Forked River.
The continuously recording salinometers allow comparison of average salinities for stations 1, 5, 11, and 14 (Table 4).
The same trends are evident as are described above, except that in June and July, the salinity in Oyster Creek averaged greater than in Forked River.
6
Table 3 Salinity Profiles, i.i /oo, June 8, 1979 - August 10, 1979 Differential among months, Station June 8 July 12 August 10 within stations 1
12.0 14.0 16.0 4.0 2
8.0 10.0 13.0 5.0 3
2.0c 15.0 15.0 13.0 4
17.0 20.0 23.0 6.0 5
15.5 20.0 26.0 10.5 7
4.5 5.0c 10.0
- 5. 5 17.0 23.0 24.0
- 7. 0 9
15.0 22.0 24.0 9.0 10 15.0 20.0 22.0 7.0 11 16.0 20.0 22.0 6.0 12 18.0 19.0 22.0 4.0 13 15.0 22.0 22.0 7.0 14 19.0 27.0 24.5 8.0 18 26.0d 29.5d 27.0 3.5 19 25.0 27.0 28.0d 3.0 20 2.0c 5.0c 5.0c 3.0 Differential among stations within month 24.0 24.5 23.0 c
lowest salinity for the month d
highest salinity for the month 7
Table 4 i
Continuously Recording Salinometer Readings at 12:00 Noon, EST May 5 - August 10, 1979 ( /oo)
Dates Statistic
- Sta. 1 Sta. 5 Sta. 11 Sta. 14 May 5 -
N 0
33 34 34 June.7, 1979 X
14.6 13.7 18.1 S
1.2 1.0 1.6 x
I June 7 -
N 32 32 31 31 July 12, 1979 X
11.2 10.4 15.0 19.3 S
1.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 3
x July 12 -
N 31 32 32 31 Aug. 10, 1979 X
12.3 16.5 18.8 19.8 i
S 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.3 x
I 1
- N
= number of days recorded; indicates extent of niissing data.
_X = mean S
= standard deviation x
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F g
-~em
--y-,,3+aow--n----yr-
e-m9-set e-
I SHIPWORMS
~ Monthly Panels No shipworms settled on the panels submerged in May and removed in June.
. The bulk of shipworm settlement was in June and July.
All three species settled in both months.
However, settlement at long Beach Island did not occur until July, and it was entirely Teredo navalis (Table 6).
Although some specimens were too small to identify (less than 3 mm in length),
- i it is fairly certain that the bulk of animals in Oyster Creek were T. bartschi, Settlement of that species was greatest in June.
All three species, B.
gouldi, T. navalis, and T. bartschi, were found in Oyster Creek and at the mouth of Forked River; these are the only areas to have all the species.
Bankia gouldi settled most heavily at the northern stations and in Forked River.
T. navalis settled most heavily at Long Beach Island, while T.
bartschi occurred in greatest numbers at station 11 in Oyster Creek.-
Some mortality occurred at several stations in July (Tables 6 and 7), but survivorship in one-month panels always exceeded 85%.
No mortality was observed in the August panels, but this was probably due to an inexperienced technician.
It can safely be said that no exceptional mortality occurred in either the July or August one-month panels.
The largest specimen of each species was from station 11 in July.
This is related to warmer temperatures and earlier settlement and/or faster growth.
In August, the largest B. gouldi was at station 1 and the largest T. navalis was at station 9 in ForEed River.
In only one month, individuals of all species were capable of growth to breeding size, although none of these animals were found with larvae.
T. navalis reached the largest size (32 mm),
while T. bartschi-was the smallest.
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Table 5 Nt.:nbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for One Month Date Removed:
July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station Terenidjni B.g.
T.b.
T.n.
Teredo Total B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
Teredo Total sp.
sp.
sp.
D 1
0 30 35 65 57 57 D
2 0
10 3
13 3
0 0
0 4
0 5
11 16 7
9 16 c
5 0
18 22 13 53 1
6 7
7 0
0 0
8 3
9
'24 8
44 17 2
12 11 42 9
1 1
2 2
c c
8 10 0
10 10 6
6 c
c 11 0
11 32 5
317 365 1
12 2
19 34 c
c 12 0
8 1
16 25 7
4 7
18 13 0
1 3
4 0
14 0
0 2
2 4
18 0
0 422 422 d
d 19 0
0 40 40 20 0
0 0
Totals 4
83 41 55 413 596 85 21 499 43 648 a
Too small to identify or pallets lost.
May be either Bankia sp.or Teredo sp.
b Probably T. navalis c
Probably T. bartschi d
Numerous holes in addition to shipworms recovered.
Rack lost.
Table 6 Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes in Monthly Panels Date Removed:
July 12, 1979 a
Station Teredinid sp.
B.g.
T. b.
T.n.
T.sp Total b
1 30 35 65 D
2 12 3
15 3
0 4
7 11 18 c
5 3
18 22 13 55 7
0 c
8 3
9 24 8
44 9
1 1
c 10 10 10 c
11 11 32 5
324 373 c
12 8
1 16 25 13 1
3 4
14 0
18 0
19 0
20 0
Totals 7
87 41 55 420 610 a
Too small to identify or no pallets or soft parts Probably Teredo bartschi c
Probably T. navalis 11
Table 7 Percentage of Shipworms that were Alive when Collected Monthly Panels Date Collected:
July 12, 1979 No. living Tubes Station specimens observed Alive 1
65 65 100 2
13 15 87 3
0 0
4 16 18 89 5
53 55 96 7
0 0
8 44 44 100 9
1 1
100 10 10 10 100 11 365 373 98 12
~25 25 100 13 4
4 100 14 0
0 18 0
0 19 0
0 20 0
0 Totals 596 610 98 L
1 12 l
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Table 8 Length Ranges of Specimens, in m, Monthly Panels Date Removed:
July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Statica B.g.
T. b.
T. n.
T.sp.
Teredinid B.g.
T. b.
T.n.
T.sp.
sp.
1 1-3 1-2 1-20 2
1-4 1-2 3
4 2-5 2-5 2.5-10 2-30 5'
2-7 1-10
.5-4 40*
8-18 7
8 2-14 1-13 1
1-12 4-10 4-23 1-2 9
2 18-32*
w 10
<1-1 1-2 11 2-22*
3-6*
7-24*
1-2 1.5 3-12*
10-11 1-2 12 3
5 1-2 3-10 7-19 1-2 13 4
3-12 14 3-4 3-4 18 1-26 19 1-12 20 Largest individual of each species, each month.
4 m
Cumulative Panels The cumulative panels were submerged on May 5, 1979 (Table 9).
There were no shipworms in the first group of panels removed one month later.
The 2-month panels removed in July are essentially replicates of the July one-month panels, and the results are indeed the same, with two exceptions (compare Table 5).
Contrary to the one-month penels, a few animals did settle at stations 14 and 18, but none settled at station 13 in Oyster Creek.
These exceptions are probably due to chance.
The difference between the
' August monthly and cumulative (3-month) panels shows the importance of the settlements of Teredo bartschi during the month of June to the total popula-tion size. While only 6, 34, and 18 specimens settled at stations 10,11, and 12 during July, a total of 77, 214, and 1280, respectively, were removed from panels in the water through June and July.
There was some significant mortality in the cumulative panels (Tables 11 and 12).
Only 25% of the specimens at station 2 survived through July 12.
The sizes of the specimens in all the cumulative panels removed in July were comparable to the July 1-month panels, as expected. Again,'the largest speci-mens were in Oyster Creek.
Between July 12 and August 10, some individuals grew over 100 mm in length.
Oyster Creek and Forked River Beach (station 8) had the largest specimens.
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Table 9 Numbers of Living Shipworms, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 1979 Date Removed:
July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.a Total B.g.
T. b.
T.n.
T.sp.a Total D
1 13 22 35 79 11 90 2
3 3
3 0
0 4
10 2
12 13 7
20 5
19 19 10 48 19 27 46 7
0 0
8 25 13 12 50 26 1
20 47 9
0 4
2 6
10 1
5 2
10 18 64 5
8 77*
11 12 8
5 97 122 18 168 7
21 214 c
c c
12 1
21 3
33 58 1
882 5
392 1280 13 0
I 1
b 14 4
3 7
4 10 14 D
18 7
7 571 571 19 0
8 8
20 0
0 Totals 88 34 44 194 360 164 1115 673 422 2374 a
Too small to identify Probably Teredo navalis c
Probably T. bE tschi Rack lost Heavy settlement of pediveligers that had not yet penetrated the wood, and are not reflected in the total.
Table 10 Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 1979 Date Removed:
July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station Teredjnid B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.
Total '
B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.
Total sp.
b 1
13 22 35 79 11 90 2
9 3
12 3
0 0
4 13 2
15 l
13 7
20 5
19 19 14 52 l
21 31 52 7
0 0
8 25 13 13 51 27 1
20 48 9
0 4
2 6
10 1
5 2
11 19 2
69 5
8 84 5
11 12 8
5 102 127 18 168 7
21 2i4 c
c c
c 12 1
21 3
35 60 1
882 5
392 1280 13 0
1 1
b 14 5
3 8
4 10 14 b
18 7
7 571 571 19 0
8 8
20 0
0 Totals 9
89 34 44 207 386 169 1120 677 422 2388 No pallets; may be Bankia sp. or Teredo sp.
Probably T. navalis c
Probably T. bartschi
Table 11 Percentage of Specimens that were Alive when Collected, Cumulative Panels Month Collected:
July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 No. Living Tubes No. Living Tubes 5 tai. ion Specimens Observed Alive Specimens Observed Alive 1
35 35 100 90 90 100 2
3 12 25 3
0 0
0 0
4 12 15 80 20 20 100 5
48 52 92 46 52 88 7
0 0
0 0
8 50 51 98 47 48 98 9
0 0
6 6
100 10 18 19 95 77 84 92
[
11 122 127 96 214 214 100 12 58 60 97 1280 1280 100 13 0
0 1
1 100 14 7
8 88 14 14 100 18 7
7 100 571 571 100 19 0
0 8
8 100 20 0
0 0
0 Totals 360 386 93 2374 2388 99
Table 12
. Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels Submerged May 5, 1979 Date Removed:
July.12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.
B.g.
T.b.
T.n.
T.sp.
1 3 1-3 1-68 4-33 2
1-2 3
4.
1-7 4-12 50-136 14-69 5
2-7 3-13 1-3 5-112 6-85 7
8 1-12 3-6 1-6 2-169*
3 6-130*
9 2-55 15-60 2
10 7
3-9 6-18*
.5-2 4-60* 27-108 1-15 l
11 3-20*
3-13*
5-15 1-4 62-135 3-55 44-76 1-45
-12 1
3-12 5-13
<1-2 96 3-56 48-92 1-2 13 5
14 2-4 2
4-95 5-87 18 2-4 1-75 19 2-50 20 Largest individual of each species, each month.
I t
1 I
Yearly Panels Data collected from the panels submerged for twelve months and removed in June, July, and August, 1979, are in Tables 13-16.
Regardless of the month submerged, the species pattern and number of individuals is the same, although the size range (Table 16) varies due to the settlement of juveniles in June and July, 1979.
The presence or absence of each species at each station is similar to what was found in the short-term panels.
The contrast between 9-21 shipworms at station 1 and the hundreds and even thousands in Oyster Creek is illustrative of the very heavy attack and great deal of damage suffered by Oyster Creek in 1979.
One important finding in the yearly panels was 3 specimens of Teredo furcifera at Oyster Creek, all with larvae in the gills, which allowed for identification.
Mortality was significant at several stations (Tables 15 and 16).
At stations 10-12 it was due at least in part to crowding and dissolution of the wood, exposing shipworms to predators and disease as well as to physical damage.
High mortality at the less-crowded station 19 was due to other causes, pos-sibly pollution.
Panels at station 2, containing primarily B. gouldi, suffered mortality because of the relatively rapid growth an3 1arge size of that species, although absolute numbers are less than at stations where Teredo spp. dominates.
As usual, the largest specimen of each species tended to occur at stations affected by the Generating Station (sta. 5, 10, 11, 12, and 14).
B. gouldi is the largest species, followed by L navalis, T. furcifera, and T. bartschi.
Shipworm Size In appendix B are records of individual shipworm size presented as nistograms.
19
Table 13 Numbers of Living Shipworms in Panels Submerged for One Year Date Removed:
June 7, 1979 July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station B.g.
T.b.
T.n.
T.sp.
Total
- 8.g.
T. f.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.
Total *' B.g.
T.b.
T.n.
T.sp Total 1.
-15 1
16 8
1 9
20 1
21 Irep 23 23 81 3
1 85 2
28 28 52 13 65 50 1
10 61 2 rep 105 105 3
0 0
0 3 rep 0
0 0
4 3
3 y 6 2
8 2
2 4 rep 0
i 5
8 2
10 i 7 5
12 12 1
20 33 Srep 6
2 8
8 1
9 19 18 4
41 7
0 0
0 g
8 22 5
27 18 18 9
3 12 8 rep 11 1
12 a
38 19 11 68 9
1 1
2 2
10 1
1 2
3 6
125 134 3 1230 1
4 1238 10 rep 0
11 riddled 6
3 29 4
41 83 3
410 413 lirep 2
2 1
83 84 1
104 105 lirep 51 51 12 6
6 57 346 403 179 4
183 12 rep 1
1 402 402 13 0
14 9
2 11 2
2 2
3 5
14 rep 9
1 10 b
4 4
18 riddled a
45 45 3
3 19 a
0 4
4 20 0
0 0
Totals 219 8
15 0
242 136 3
175 70 513 897
' 244 1994 68 23 2329 a
Panel lost b
Removed in June Blank spaces occur where there were no yearly panels, or where yearly panels were used to obtain living animals for laboratory experiments.
Table 14 Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, in Panels Submerged for One Year Date Removed:
June 7, 1979 July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station B.g.
T.b.
T. n.
T.sp.
(*) Total B.g.
T. f.
T.b.
T.n.
T.sp.
(*) Total B.g.
T.b.
T.n.
T.sp Total 1
15 1
16 8
1 9
20 1
21 Irep 26 26 86 3
1 90 2
28 28 52 13 7
72 l167 1
10 178 2 rep 154 154
[
3 0
0 i
0 3 rep 0
0 O
4 4
4 10 2
12 l2 2
4 rep 2
2 i
5 8
2 10 7
5 12 1 12 1
21 34 Srep 6
2 8
8 1
9 19 18 4
41 7
0 0
0 0
8 22 8
30 18 4
22 9
3 12 8 rep 11 1
12 a
38 19 11 68 9
1 1
2 7
9 10 1
1 4
6 3
6 1
138 148 4 1230 1 >619 >1854 10 rep
>100
>100 11 Riddled 6
3 29 12 >300
>350 3
410
>205
>618 11 rep
>420
>420 1
>92 93 2
104
>400
>506 lirep 3 >150
>153 12
>100
>100
>86 1 >524
>611 179
>l485 >1664 12 rep 1
>728 1
>730 402
>50 >450 13 0
14 10 2
12 2
2 2
3 5
14 rep 9
1 10 b
4 1
5 18 a'
>345
>345
>400
>400 19 a
5 5
1 21 22 20 0
0 0
Totals 270 >1348 19 4
2 >1643 143 3 >213
>385 963 18 >1725 372 >2093 >484 >2724 >5673 a
Missing panel b
Removed in June
(*) Teredinid sp.
Table 15 Percentage of Specimens tnat were Alive when Collected, Yearly Panels Month Collected:
June 7, 1979 July 12, 1979 August 10, 1979 Station Number Tubes Number Tubes Number Tubes Living Observed Alive Living Observed Alive Living Observed Alive Spec.
Spec.
Spec.
1 16 16 100 9
9 100 21 21 100 1 rep 23 26 88 85 90 94 2
28 28 100 65 72 90 61 178 34 2 rep 105 154 68 3
0 0
0 0
0 0
3 rep 0
0 0
,0 0
0 4
3 4
75 8
12 67 2
2 100 4 rep 0
2 0
5 10 10 100 12 12 100 33 34 97 5 rep 8
8 100 9
9 100 41 41 100
.y 7
0 0
0 0
0 0
8 27 30 90 18 22 82 12 12 100 8 rep 12 12 100 68 68 100 9
1 1
100 2
9 22 10 2
6 33 134 148 91 1238
>1854
<67 10 rep 0
>100 0
11 0
0 83
>350
<24 413
>618
<67 11 rep 2
>420
<0.5 84
>93
<86 105
>506
<21 lirep 51
>153
<33 12 6
>100
<6 403
>611
<66 183
>1664
<11 12 rep 1
>730
<0.1 13 0
0 14 11 12 92 2
2 100 5
5 100 14 rep 10 10 100 4
5 80 18 45
<345
<13 3
>400
<1 19 0
5 0
4 22 18 20 0
0 0
0 0
0 i
Totals 242
>1643
<15 897
>1725
<52 2278
>5520
>41
o Table 16 Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Yearly Panels Date p-Removed:
. June 7, 1979 July 12, 1979 August' 10,'1979 Station B.g.
T. b.
-T.n.
B.g.
T. f.
T.b.
T.n.
B.g.
.T.b.
T.n.
l 95-285 237 90-241 15-300
- 20-1 rep 4-101 1-87 31-50 2
68-177 2-184 2-21 6-81 83 2 rep 10-110 3
1 4-160-265 143-245 162-167 120-235 5
70-190 100-155
-177-335 131-205 18-210 4
6-240*
Srep 110-338*
.147-245*
9-245 10 no 8
41-177 28-125 32-128 35-140 16-45
'^'
8 rep 30-225 160 1-115 1-59 6-52 9
330 170-218 10 320 23 13-405*
3 78-145 3-65*
50 11 6-21 28-121*
12-107 i
11 rep 27-28 6
2-16*
36 4-31 12
~
16-66*
3-38 3-28 12 rep 165 14 109-222 148-166 219-263 145-335*
11-38 4
14 rep 122-272 191 18 5-43 7-10 19 2-8 Largest individual of each species, each month e
i Wood Weight Loss Table 17 presents data on loss of wood due to borer attack.
Clearly, the greatest damage is at Oyster Creek and Long Beach Island near the Coast Guard Station (sta. 18), on a 12-month basis, although many stations suffered sig-nificant damage.
The cumulative series shows that damage occurred earlier in Forked River and Oyster Creek than at Long Beach Island.
Damage close to the power plant (sta. 13) was less than elsewhere in Oyster Creek and Forked River, because of _such factors as force of the currents in an unprotected area and, perhaps, chle-ination and excessive summer temperatures.
More studies are needed to determine the cause of low settlement at that station.
Reproduction Table 18 summarizes the reproductive activity of Teredo spp.
A high percentage (>80%) of the T. bartschi carried larvae in June; a low percent (less than 5%) carried in July, but a high percent carried again in August (an average of about 50%).
The lower percent in July is not due to the youth of the shipworms, for 3 of 4 of the panels examined had been submerged for 12 months.
Rather, it appears that the specimens had released their young and were in a recovery phase.
Panels in the water for two to three n.onths did have a relatively low percentage with larvae, but a significant number (between 6 and 55%) did already have larvae.
For this protandrous species, it implies that some individuals.had functioned as male a considerable time prior to two months of age. As in previous months, 5 mm was the shortest length of a female with larvae, but shipworms without larvae included some large females.
Between 14 and 71% of the T. navalis between 1 and 3 months old were brooding larvae, again illustrating the shortness of the generation time in Teredo spp.
The percentages were higher in Oyster Creek and Forked River than at Holly Park, and were lowest (only 1%) at Long Beach Island where water temperatures are also lowest.
Also, Holly Park embryos were at a very early stage in development, whereas at stations 5 and 8, many of the larvae were ready to b' released from the mother.
The greatest number and percent of brooding females occurred in August.
All three T. furcifera were carrying larvae.
l l
24
b Table 17 Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly and Cumulative Panels Removed June-August 1979 Month Removed Cumulative Panels l
Yearly Panels Ave. Yearly Station June July August June July August Damage i
1 0
0 18 52 28 37 39' 1 rep a
46 21 34 2
0 3
c 54 c
c 2 rep 72 c
c 3
! 0 0
0 0
0 0
3 rep !
0 0
0 4
I 0 3
20 17 31 35 28 4 rep 2
c c
5 0
4 27 18 45 30 31 5 rep 24 25 43 31 7
0 0
0 0
1 0
7 rep O
c c
8 0
0 26 55 60 15 43 8 rep I
34 a
a 9
0 0
14 2
14 c
8 10 0
0 11 12 15 60 29 10 rep 32 c
c 11 0
4 33 28 68 48 lirep a
67 82 75 12 0
5 26 a
15 69 42 12 rep 48 c
c 13 0
0 5
0 c
c 14 0
0 8
37 15 20 24 14 rep 26 11 15 17 i
18 0
1 11 a
76 i
81 79
.18 rep a
c l
c 19 0
0 7
a 3
19 11 19 rep a
c c
20 0
0 0
c c
c a
Missing data b
Station discontinued c
Series discontinued 0
More than 30% weight loss (= heavy damage)
Note:
replicates pertain to yearly series only.
25
I
'Ta!.le 18-The Percentage of Live Teredo Specimens:Found with Larvae in the Gills j
Species,-
. Months Max. size Min. size Max. size Min. size
% of Shipworms Station Submerged of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms with Larvae and Panel
.with Larvae with Larvae without Larvae without Larvae- (followed by N)-
(m)
.(m)
(m)
(m)
Teredo.
bartschi 100(2) 11 June 12 28 27 12 June 12 66 16 25 25 83(5) 11 July
-2 13 13 6
3 13(8) y 11 July 12 6
5 16 2
4(83) 11 July 12 Broken
- Broken
- 9 3
2(29) 12' July 12 46 38 24 3
4(57) 8 Aug 12 59 21 22 1
21(19) 10 Aug 3
60 16 46 4
55(64)
~
10 Aug 12
-65 5
38 3
61(1230) 11 Aug 3
55 7'
38 3
40(168) 11 Aug 12 25 5
22 3
54(410) 11 Aug 12 31 5
27 4
52(104) 12 Aug
.3 48 10 45 3
6(882) 12 Aug 12 27 5
26 3
54(179) 12 Aug 12 31(402)#
100(31)#
11 Aug 12 Incomplete specimens; could not be measured Not measured
Table 18, continued The Percentage of Live Teredo Specimens Found with Larvae in the Gills
- Species, Months Max. size Min. size Max. size Min. size
% of Shipworms Station Submerged of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms with Larvae and Panel with Larvae with Larvae without Larvae without Larvae (followed by N)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
Teredo navalis t
5 June 12 249' 249
'147 147 50(2) 8 June 12 40 40 125 28 20(5) 10 June-12 23 23 100(1) 11 July 12 107 100 13 12 25(4) 18 July 12 15(27)*
1 Aug 3
33 20 28 4
45(11) 4 Aug 3
46 46 69 14 14(7) 5 Aug 3
84 32 85 8
70(27) 8 Aug 3
130 16 85 6
50(20) 11 Aug 3
76 44 74 53 71(7) 12 Aug 3
92 48 85 54 60(5) 14 Aug 3
87 50 22 5
60(10) 18 Aug 3
75 34 57 1
1(571) 5 Aug 12 240 40 44 6
40(20) 8 Aug 12 45 45 21 16 33(3) 8 Aug 12 52 50 42 6
18(11)
Teredo furcifera 11 July 12 121 78 100(3)
Not measured
FOULING ORGANISMS I-Tables 19-25 give presence-absence data for the most common fouling organisms.
The format is the same as in our earlier reports.
The bryozoan Electra crustulenta settled widely in Oyster Creek and Barnegat Bay during June and
- July, and its. distribution was not related to the Generating Station.
The tube-bt ilding polychaete Hydroides dianthus (Table 20) settled less in Oyster Creek than at control stations and in Forked River.
Its growth was especially noticeable in August.
Botryllus schlosseri, the colonial tunicate (Table 21), also settled less in Oyster Creek than at the other stations.
It is usually uncommon in Oyster Creek.
j The green alga, Enteromorpha intestinalis (Table 22), was common in Oyster i
Creek and Forked River, as it was at most high-salinity stations.
Barnacles (Table 23) settled heavily in June but by August, many had died the pattern was unrelated to the Generating Station.
The solitary tunicate Molgula man-hattensis (Table 24) was relatively uncommon in 1979 compared with earlig/oo r
years.
It is absent from areas where the salinity falls below about 12 (stations'1, 3, and 7).
Its absence from station 12 was unusual.
The species that are affected by low salinity are more common in Oyster Creek than they would be if the Generating Station were not operating.
This includes the red and green algae and Molgula manhattensis.
f l
I 28
~~-
Table 19 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Electra crustulenta Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June X
X X
X 0
X X
X X
X July X
X X
0 X
X X
X X
0 0
August X
X X
X 0
X X
0 0
X X
X B. Cumulative
- June X
XR X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
July X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X August X
X X
X X
X X
0 X
X X
0 C. Monthly
- July X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
0 August X
0 X
X X
X X
X X
X X
0 No panel X
Organism present
-0 Absent R
Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
XR Organism present but rare (found only in laboratory examination of panels or only on racks).
29
Table 20 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Hydroides dianthus Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June 0
0 0
X 0
X 0
0 0
X July 0
0 X
0 X
0 0
0 X
X 0
August 0
0 XR 0 0
X XR X
0 X
X X
B. Cumulative
- June 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
X 0
0 August X
0 X
XR 0 X
X X
0 X
X X
C. Monthly
- July 0
0 0
XR 0 XR 0 0
0 0
0 0
August 0
0 X
X 0
X 0
0 0
X X
X No panel X
Organism present 0
Absent Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
XR Organism present but rare or found only on rack.
l I
i 1
30
Table 21 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Botryllus schlosseri Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June 0
0 0
X 0
0 0
0 0
X July 0
X 0
0 X
0 0
0 0
0 0
August 0
0 XR 0 0
X XR X
0 X
X X
a B. Cumulative
- June 0
0 0
0 0
0 0'
0 0
X X
0 July 0
0 X
X 0
X 0
0 0
X 0
X August 0
0 X
X 0
0 0
0 0
X 0
X C. Monthly
- i July 0
0.
X X 0 X
0 0
0 X
0 X
l August 0
0 X
X 0 0
0 0
0 X
0 X
No panel X
Organism present O
Absent i
Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June, XR Organism present but rare or found only on rack.
l i
,i i
i
+
4 31 f
,.--.sy w
ne, e
Table 22 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Enteromorpha spp.
Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June X
0 X
X 0
X X
X 0
X July 0
X X
X X
X 0
X X
0 X
August 0
0 X
X X
X X
X 0
X X
X B. Cumulative
- June 0
0 X
X 0
X 0
XR X
X X
X July.
X 0
X X
0 X
X X
0 X
X X
August X
0 X
X 0
0 0
0 0
X X
X C. Monthly
- July 0
0 0
X 0
X X
0 X
X X
X August XR X X
X 0
X X
X 0
X X
X No panel X
Organism present 0
Absent Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
XR Organism present but rare or found only on rack.
l l
32
Table 23 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Balanus spp.
Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June X
0 X
X 0
X X
X X
X July X
0 X
X 0
X X
0 X
X X
August 0
0 0
XR X 0
0 XR 0
0 X
X B. Cumulative
- June X
X X
X 0
X X
0 0
0 X
0 July 0
0 X
X 0
X X
0 X
X X
X 1
August 0
0' O
O 0
0 0
0 0
0 X
0 i
C. Monthly
- July 0
X X
0 X
X 0
X X
X XR X
i August 0
0 0
0 X
0 XR 0
0 X
X 0
I No panel
'X Organism present O
Absent G
Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
XR Organism present but rare.
i l
4 l
l 1
1 2
33
i Table 24 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Molgula manhattensis Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June 0
0 0
X 0
0 0
0 0
X July 0
0 0
0 X
0 0
0 0
0 0
August 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
XR X
X B. Cumulative
- June 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 0
0 0
0 0
X X
X 0
X 0
XR August 0
0 0
X 0
X 0
0 0
X 0
X C. Monthly
- July 0
0 0
X 0
0 X
0 0
0 0
X August 0
0 X
X 0
X 0
0 0
X 0
X
' No panel X
Organism present 0
Absent Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
XR Organism present but rare.
i 34 i
Table 25 Distribution of Some Common Fouling Organisms:
Polysiphonia spp. (harveyi, nigra, lanosa)
Stations A. Yearly 1
3 4
5 7
8 10 11 12 14 18 19 June 0
0 X
X 0
X X
X X
X July 0
X X
0 X
X X
X X
0 X
August 0
0 X
X 0
X X
0 0
X X
X B. Cumulative
- June 0
0 0
X 0
X 0
0 X
0 X
X July 0
0 X
X X
X X
X X
X X
X August X
0 X
X 0
X X
X X
X X
X C. Monthly
- July 0
0 X
X 0
X X
X X
X X
X August X
0 X
X 0
X 0
X X
X X
X No panel X
Organism present 0
Absent 0
Cumulative and monthly panels are both 1-month panels in June.
35
J~
l 1
i 1
b i
i I
I 36 I
i
'^'-im
%m
DISCUSSION The temperatures and salinities at most stations were adequate for shipworm survival and breeding during May-August, as far as we know from published physiological studies of shipworms.
Exceptions were stations 3, 7, and 20, where salinities were sometimg/oo to be required for breeding by the ship-s too low.
We consider a temperature above 10 C and a salinity above 9 worms.
The fact that the Generating Station was not operating in May is correlated with the lack of a new year class of shipworms in the panels removed in June.
Although Oyster creek did not have a " head start" in the May and early June settlement of shipworms, specimens from Oyster Creek grew faster and were more apt to be carrying larvae than shipworms from control stations during the summer of 1979.
More stations had shipworms in the one-month July panels in 1979 than in 1978.
The monthly panels had heavier attack in 1979 than in 1978 at most stations.
The relative number of ecch species found at each station was similar to that found in the summer of 1978.
In both years, Teredo bartschi was found breeding at the mouth of Forked River as well as Oyster Creek.
The relative amounts of wood damage per station were also similar.
In both years, the panels at Oyster Creek lost their shape as pieces of wood broke off; the yearly panels had to be tied onto the racks to survive the full submergence period.
Attack was slightly heavier in 1979 at all stations.
Growth of the new year class was more rapid in 1979 than in 1978, comparing Table 8 with the corresponding table in our 8th report.
The sizes of specimens taken from yearly panels were similar for the two years.
The percentages of T. bartschi and T. navalis carrying larvae in the gills indicate that the population sex ratios are skewed towards females in these protandrous species.
Also, there can be a new generation of T. bartschi pro-duced ir as short a period as one month.
Laboratory studies are being conducted to determine the minimum generation time and the maximum number of broods per reproductive season.
Fouling organisms probably were not dense enough on monthly and cumulative panels to inhibit shipworm settlement and survival.
Oyster Creek and Forked River had more algae and encrusting organisms than contrn1 stations of low salinity.
The latter are comparable environments to the two creeks before the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station was built.
All of the major fouling organisms reviewed in this report settled on now wood during the summer.
Heat probably adversely affected some of the fouling organisms in Oyster Creek.
As in 1978, Enteromorpha intestinalis declined in August on the cumulative panels.
Balanus eburneus also declined in Oyster Creek in August.
The rarity of settlement of Botryllus schlosseri and Hydroides dianthus in Oyster Creek, although both are common in Forked River, indicates that these species might be sensitive to some chemical or physical factor, such as 37
chlorine or mechanical stress, as the larvae are transported from Forked River to Oyster Creek.
1 38
APPENDIX A:
STATION LOCALITIES STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES 1
Holly Park Dick's Landing Lat.39 54' N Island Drive Lon.74 8' W Bayville, N.J.
Bay control 2
Mouth of Last Lagoon toward mouth 39 52' N Cedar Creek South Side 74 8.5' W Estuarine control 3
Stout's Creek End of Raleigh Drive 39 50.7' N Gustav Walter's residence 74* 9' W Estuarine control 4
Mouth of South Shore 39 49.4' N Forked River Developed property 74 9.8' W Possible temperature increase due to reverse flow 5
Leilani Drive At branch point of 39 49.6' N Forked River 74* 10.5' W
+6 Elk's Club South Branch 39 49.4' N Forked River 74 10.9' W Increase in salinity due to plant intake canal 7
Grant's Boats Middle Branch, Forked 39 49.6' N River just S. of State 74 11.6' W Marina 8
Bayside Beach On bay between Oyster 39 49.0' N Club Creek and Forked River 74 9.7' W across from 1815 Beach Blvd.,
Forked River, N.J.
l Temperature increase since plant operation 9
Intake Canal House closest to intake 39 49.2' N Salinity effect; strong 74 12.2' W current upstream 10 Kochman's End of Compass Road on 39* 48.5' N Residence
- 1 Lagoon, Oyster Creek 74 10.6' W Waretown, N.J.
Temperature, salinity, siltation increase 39 t
STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES 11 Crisman's Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek 39 48.5' N Residence Waretown, N.J. Temperature 74 11.0' W salinity, siltation increase 12 Gilmore's 20 Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek 39 48.5' N Residence Waretown, N.J.
Temperature 74 11.3' W salinity, siltation increase 13 Rte 9 Bridge Oyster Creek just below 39 48.7' N discharge canal.
Temperature, 74 12' W salinity increase 14 Cottrell's End of North Harbor Road 39 47.7' N Clam Factory Waretown, N.J. (Mouth of 74 10.9' W Waretown Creek)
Within reported thermal plume
+15 Carl's Boats Washington & Liberty Streets 39 47' N Waretown, N.J. (on the bay) 74 11' W To test for tropical species and increases in populations of borers as a result of breeding elsewhere
+16 Iggie's Marina East Bay Ave, Barnegat, N.J.
39 44.8' N Same purpose as Loc. 15 74 11.6' W
+17 Manahawkin Bay At bridge to Long Beach Island 39 40' N Same purpose as Loc. 15 74 13' W 18 Barnegat Light Marina adjacent to Coast 39 45.8' N Guard Station 74* 6.5' W 19 Long Beach Bayview Marina 39 45.2' N Island 74 6.9' W
- 20 Cedar Creek Opposite home of 39 52.1' N l
Mr. and Mrs. Sokolich 74* 9.5' W 415 Terry Avenue Inland from Station 2, at point where stream narrows.
- Station new as of May 31, 1978
- Station discontinued.
l 40
APPENDIX B Lengths of Shipworms A. Cumulative Panels - August
-Station 1 - Teredo navalis Length Categories, ir, mm 0-0 20 30 40 50 60~ 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170' 180 No. of
'Individ-1 5
5 uals Station 1 - Bankia gouldi 0
10 20 '30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 5
5 4
5 5
5 3
5 5
5 5
5 4
1 1
5 1
-e:
Station 5 - T. spp.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 4
2 1
3 4
5 3
5 3
1 Statio; 5 - L gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 1
1 1
.1 1
1 5
2 3
3 Station 8 - T. spp.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 3
3 1
4 2
2 3
1 1
Station 8 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 5
1 1
3 1
2 1
1 1
1 2
1 5
r B.
Yearly Panels - June Station 1 - Bankia gouldi l
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170- 180 190 1
3 2
1 2
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 1
2 1
1 1
Station 2 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
3 1
1 1
2 5
5 5
5 5
1 5
5 2
5 5
5 4
A Station 2 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 3
3 3
3 2
1 1
1 3
1 1
C. Yearly Panels - July Station 1 - L gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 2
1 2
5 2
2 5
1 1
2 i
s
C.
Yearly Panels - July (Continued)
Station 2 - Bankia gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 5
5 1
1 1
1 5
2 1
5 5
5 5
5 3
Station 8 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30- 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 2
1 4
3 5
2 1
Station 12 - Teredo spp.
0 19 20 30 40 50 60 70 100 5
5 5
5 5
1 1
1 0
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
5 5
2
C.
Yearly Panels - July (Continued)
Station 18 - Teredo navalis 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 5
5 5
5 2
1 5
2 1
5 5
1 D.
Yearly Panels - August Station 1 - Bankia gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 5
5 4
1 1
4 2
3 1
5 5
2 5
5 5
5 j:
5 1
5 5
3 Station 2 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 4
5 5
5 2
1 1
5 5
5 5
2 2
3 Station 5 - B. gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 90 1
1 2
1 1
1
~2 1
1 200 210 220 230 240 250 1
D. Yearly Panels - August (Continued)
Station 5 - Teredo navalis 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 1
1 2
5 3
2 2
1 200 210 220 230 240 250 1
Station B - Bankia gouldi 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 5
4 3
1 2
2 2
1 1
1 1
5 5
4 Station 8 - L spp.
- =
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5
3 5
2 1
3 5
5 1
D.
Yearly Panals - August (Continu d)
Station 10 - Teredo spp.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 55555 55555 55555 5
5 1
55555 55555 55555 5
1 55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 55555 5
55555 55555 5551 5
55555 55555 1
55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 j;
55555 55555 55555 55555 Station 12 - Teredo spp.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5 5 5
4 1
5 4
2 3
1 5 5 5
2 5 5 5
5 5 5
5 5 1
5 5 5 5 5 5
A.
Cumulativa Panels - August (Continued)
Station 10 - Teredo spp.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 340 150 160 170 180 5
5 5
5-5 3
2 1
1 5
5 5
5 5
1 1
5 1
5 5
-1 l'
Station 12 - Teredo spp.
O 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
~5555555555 5
5 5
5 4
2 2
2 5555555555 5
5 5
5-
-5555555555 5
5 5
5 5555555555 5
5 5
5 5555555555 5
4 5
5555555555 5
1 0
5.555555555 5
5555555555 5
5555555555 2
5 5'S 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555 5555555555
.5555555555 5555555555 5.555555555 55
- A '.
Cumulative Panels - August (Continued)
Station 13 - Teredo navalis 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 55555 5
4 2
1 3
3 1
55555 5
55555 5
55555 5
55555 5
55555 5
.55555 5
55555 5
55555 5
55555 1
55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 ij; 55555 55555 55555 55555 55555 5 5 1-
DISTRIBUTION LIST Distribution Category:
RE Supplemental Distribution:
Part A Mr. Richard Baumgardt Dick's Landing Holly Park Bayville, New lersey 08721 1
Mr. William Campbell P.O. Box 668 108 Long John Silver Way Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Stan Cottrell Narth Harbor Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Wilson T. Crisman 901 Hudson Street Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Gilmore 20 Dock Avenue, r
'. R.R.I.
Waretown, New J e8758 Mr. Sam Grant Grant's Boat Works Lakeside Drive Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Walter Holzman t
1915 Beach Boulevard Forked River Beach, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Charles Kockman Ccmpass Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Jerry Savaris Margo's Marina Manahawkin, New Jersey 08050 Mr. Ed Sheridan 1108 Leilani Drive Forded River, New Jersey 08731 49
l Mr. and Mrs. Sokolich 415 Terry Avenue Cedar Creek Bayville, New Jersey 08721 Mr. Gustav Walters 100 Manhatten Avenue, #706 Union City, New Jersey 07087 Mr. Edward Wheiler 16 River View Drive P.O. Box 642 Forded River, New Jersey 08731 PART B Director Battelle Columbus Laboratories Clapp Laboratories Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Mr. Michael Roche Supervisor of Environmental Science Jersey Central Power and Light Company Madison Avenue at Punchbowl Road Morristown, New Jersey 07960 Dr. Glenn Paulson Asst. Commissioner for Science Dept. of Environmental Protection State of New Jersey P.O. Box 1390 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Mr. Alan R. Hoffman Lynch, Brewer, Hoffman & Sands Ten Post Office Square Suite 329 Boston, Massachusetts 02109 Mr. John Makai Nacote Creek Research Station Star Route Absecon, New Jersey 08201 Mr. Steve Lubow NJOEP-Division cf Water Resources P.O. Box CN-029 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 l
l 50
i Dr. Harry L. Allen U.S. EPA Region II 26 Federal Plaza R:om 832 New York, New York 10007 Dr. John Strand Ecosystems Development Battelle Northwest Lab i
Richland, Washington 99352 i
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- 1. MENRT M8Q Mas,WWCp u.s. seuCLEAR ReouLAToRY Comm.assON BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET NUREG/CR-1209
- 4. TITLE AN D SUOTITLE gass vadunw Na, //eersgeneer1 2.(Lease W m41 Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating
- 3. RECIPIENT 3 ACCESSION NO.
Station
- 7. AUTHORIS)
- 6. DATE REPORT COMPLE.TED K. E. Iloagland and L. Crocket
" oath Lva' '
- 9. PEcFORMING ORGANIZAYlON NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS (incke Eip Coef DATE REPORT ISSUED MONTH lYEAM lletlands Institute, Lehigh University Stone Harbor, NJ 08247
- s. p.= as-as
- a. (Leave Umk)
- 12. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS #nche le Opdr)
Nuclear Regulatory Commission office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
- u. C NTRACT NO.
Washington, D. C. 20555 l
- 13. TYPE OF REPORT PE RIOD COVEMED #ncAssive d:ars)
Twelfth Quarterly Progress Report
- 15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
- 14. (L88re WmAl
- 16. ARSTRACT d?OO were or Apuf The growth, distributicn, and species compositiob of marine borers (primarily shipworms) and fouling organisms are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey.
Untreated i
wood test panels are usea to collect organisms at 18 localities.
Our most recent findings covering June-August,1979, are that at least one subtropical species of the borer family Teredinidae, Teredo bartschi, continues to live in Oyster Creek and can breea in Forked River, although many die off in winter in Forked River ar.d the species may have to recolonize.
A few of the subtropical T. furcifera also survin in Oyster Creek but c.use negligible damage at present, compared with Y, bartschi.
The summer,1979, outbreak of T. bartscni in Oyster Creek was severe, causing nearly total destruction to wood panels.
The breeding season for T. bartschi was the same as in 1978.
Some fouling organisms were present in Oys.er Creek that are absent in control creek stations due to low salinity.
- 17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS' 17a DESCRIPTORS marine borers Barnegat Bay Teredo bartschi shipworms organisms
-T. furcifero Otster Creek I?b. IDENTIFIERS /OPEN-ENCED TERMS
- 18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
- 19. SECURITY CLASS (Dis record
- 21. NO. OF PAGES
- 20. SECURITY CLASS (mis part
- 22. PRIM 8
C'RC FORM 335 (7 77)
I
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