ML20008F766

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Ecological Studies of WOOD-BORING Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
ML20008F766
Person / Time
Site: Oyster Creek
Issue date: 04/30/1981
From: Crocket L, Hoagland K
LEHIGH UNIV., BETHLEHEM, PA
To:
NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES)
References
CON-FIN-B-5744 NUREG-CR-1939, NUREG-CR-1939-V01, NUREG-CR-1939-V1, NUDOCS 8105110611
Download: ML20008F766 (49)
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NUREG/CR-1939 RE Ecological Studies of t

Wooc-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Quarterly Report September - November 1980 D te u h

n1 Prepared by K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket Wetlands Institute Lehigh University Stone Harbor, NJ 08247 l

Prepared for Division of Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Research Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 NRC FIN B5744 8 /Of // / 6//

PREVIOUS REPORTS i

Twelve reports have been prepared under Contract AT(49-24)-0347

(=NRC-04-76-347) during three years of funding from the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1976-1979, under the title:

i Analysis of Populations of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with dis-cussion of relevant physical parameters.

Those reports with NTIS numbers are:

NURFC/CR-0223 Dec. 1, 1977-Feb. 28, 1978 NURL' CR-0380 Mar. 1, 1978-May 31, 1978 NUREG/CR-0634 Sept. 1, 1977-Aug. 31, 1978 NUREG/CR-0812 Sept. 1, 1978-Nov. 30, 1978 NUREG/CR-0896 Dec.1,1978-Feb. 28,1979 NUREG/CR-1015 Mar. 1, 1979-May 31, 1979 NUREG/CR-1209 June 1,1979-Aug. 31,1979 a

Three reports have been published in this current series:

Ecological studies of wood-boring bivalves in the vicinity of the j

Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station.

NUREG/CR-1517 Sept. 1, 1979-Feb. 28, 1980, 65 pp.

NUREG/CR-1795 March 1-May 31, 1980, 31 pp.

NUREG/CR-1855 June 1-Aug. 31, 1980, 48 pp.

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ABSTRACT The species composition, distribution, and population dynamics of wood-boring bivalves are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Untreated wood test panels are used to collect organisms at 12 stations.

Physiological tolerances of 3 species are also under investigation in the laboratory. Relative destructiveness and competition among the species are being analyzed. The native species Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi coexist with the introduced T. bartschi in Oyster Creek and at the mouth of Forked River. Teredo bartschi has also been introduced to the mouth of Waretown Creek. It recovered from a bottle-neck and underwent an outbreak in October, 1980 after the power plant returned to operation in July following a 6-month shutdown.

It is by

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far the dominant species in Oyster Creek.

Its pediveligers are in-active below 7 */.. at 20' C.

The shipworms native to Barnegat Bay-were found at low,d.ensity throughout Barnegat Bay in the summer and fall of 1980.

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SUMMARY

OF FINDINGS The purpose of this investigation is to understand the population dynamics and competitive interactions of shipworms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS) and at control stations outside the influence of the station.

The relative importance of the introduced species Teredo bartschi in causing damage, and physiological tolerances of all species, are,being assessed. On a monthly basis, wood panels are added and removed for analysis of popu-lation dynamics and to obtain live animals for the lab studies. We also record temperature, salinity, and we estimate siltation levels at each station. Physiological experiments are performed to evaluate temperature and salinity tolerances of the native and introduced species.

Our major findings are:

1. The OCNGS was operating for most of the period of this report. The prior outage, January 5 to July 19, 1980, caused a dramatic drop in shipworm infestation in Oyster Creek and Forked River in the summer of 1980 and a late outbreak of shipworms (in September and October rather than in July and August as in previous years).
2. The AT in Oyster Creek was about +5'C during September-November, 1980. The temperature exceeded 31*C at times in September.
3. The greatest number of shipworm pediveligers settled on monthly j

panels removed in October, 1980.

4. Teredo bartschi was responsible for the outbreak of shipworms in Oyster Creek. The outbreak was most severe in the vicinity of Station 12. In fact, T. bartschi was only found at Station 12 this quarter.
5. The ratio of species in Barnegat Bay as a whole was 347 Teredo bartschi: 109 Bankia gouldi: 30 T. navalis in the cumulative panels.

The species ratio in yearly panels was 551:38:40.

6. Panels that had been submerged for 12 months were most heavily attacked in Oyster Creek and Bayside Beach Club (Station 8).

There was no attack at the control station in Stout's Creek.

7. Mortality was low in the fall of 1980.
8. Wood damage is greater in Oyster Creek than at control stations in Barnegat Bay when the generating station is operating.

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9. Specimens of Teredo bartschi contained larvae 'in the gills beyond October; specimens _of Teredo navalis did not.
10. Specimens of Teredo bartschi are well adapted to withstand'audden changes of salinity. The pediveligers are active between about 7 */.. and 26 */.. at 20' C.

Their reaction to salinity change i

was quite uniform.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iii

SUMMARY

OF FINDINGS v

LIST OF FIGURES ix x

LIST OF TABLES l

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

-Xi INTRODUCTION I

r METHODS 2

a RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5

i PHYSICAL DATA 5

SHIPWORM POPULATIONS 11 SHIPWORM PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY 25 I

CONCLUSION 29 REFERENCES 31 APPENDIX. STATION LOCALITIES 33 DISTRIBUTION LIST 35 4

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i List of Figures i,

1. Histogram of wood weight loss, cumulative panels.

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I LIST OF TABLES s

1. Temperature Profiles in 'C, September to November, L1980 6
2. Continuous Temperature Recorder. Data (*C) for September 5 to November 7,1980 '

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3. Salinity Profiles in */.., September to November, 1980 9
4. Continuous Recording Salinometer Readings at 12:00 Noon EST in Part.s per Thousand 9
5. Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Circulation and Dilution Flow and Outage Dates for Fall, 1980 10
6. Temperature and Precipitation in New Jersey, Fall, 1980 (Deviation from Normal) 10
7. Numbers of Shipworms in Monthly Panels 12
8. Numbers of Living Shipworms in Cumulative Panels Submerged May 3, 1980 13
9. Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels 14
10. Percentage of Specimens Alive when Collected, Cumulative i

Panels 15

11. Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels.

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12. Numbers of Living Shipworms in Yearly Panels 18
13. Numbers of Living Shipworms plus Empty Tubes, Yearly Panels.

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14. Percentage of Specimens-that were Alive when Collected, Yearly Panels 20
15. Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Yearly Panels 21
16. Percentage Weight Loss by Cumulative Panels Submerged May 3, 1980 22
17. Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly Panels 24
18. Percentage of Live Teredo Specimens Found with Larvae in the Gills, September-November, 1980 26
19. Behavior of Pediveligers of Teredo bartschi in Various Salinities 28 I

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e ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 4

We thank the many residents of Oyster Creek who have cooperated in our field work. Jamgs Selman and Jane Halbeisen provided technical assist-ance. Eugenia Bohlke of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia served as X-ray technologist.. J. C. P. & L. Co. provided data on the operation of the Generating Station.

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v ECOLOGICAL STUDIES'0F WOOD-BORING BIVALVES 4

IN THE VICINITY OF THE OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION l

September 1-November 30, 1980-INTRODUCTION

- I Previous studies have shown'a direct causal relationship between the effluent of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station and the proliferation.of shipworms (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek and adjacent portions of Barnegat Bay, New Jersey (Turner, 1974; Hoagland et al.,

1977; Hoagland et al., 1978; Hoagland and Crocket, 1979; Hoagland and Turner, 1980). The effluent adds heat to the receiving waters, which i

extends the breeding season of teredinids, increases their growth rates, and reduces their winter mortality rates. - It has allowed the establishment of a tropical-subtropical shipworm, Teredo bartschi, r

in Oyster Creek, and its spread into Forked River. The design of the generating station's cooling system, taking salt watet from l

Barnegat Bay up Forked River, through the plant, and out into Oyster-Creek, has increased the salinity of these two creeks. ' Shipworms now can reside in these creeks, which previously were unsuitable in salinity level and constancy for the establishment of actively breeding shipworm populations.

The populations of Teredo bartschi compared with the native species in Oyster Creek and Forked River are the focus of current studies.

This report summarizes our ongoing collection of data on some j

physical parameters of Barnegat Bay, as well as species composition,

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distribution, growth, mortality, and reproduction of teredinids.

We assess the degree of shipworm damage cccurring at each station.

We riso report on physiological studies comparing the native and introduced shipworms with regard to temperature and salinity 2

tolerances.

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i METHODS l

Stations Over the first three years of our study, 20 stations were established in Barnegat Bay to monitor boring and fouling organisms. In September, 1979, the number was reduced to 12.

The stations are shown in Hoagland and Turner, 1980, and are listed in the appendix. The station numbers are not contiguous because some have been discontinued.

Station 1 is a northern control station on Barnegat Bay outside the influence of the heated effluent. Some shipworms, primarily Bankia gouldi, are traditionally found there. Station 3 is a control station in a tidal creek outside the influence of the effluent. Shipworms are rarely found there.

Stations 4, 5, and 6 are in Forked River, influenced by the' plant's water intake system.

There is some recirculation of heated water that affects these stations, but the main influence is that the salinity is essentially that of the bay.

Station 6 is sampled on a reduced schedule, only 4 times a year.

Station 8 is on the bay between Oyster Creek and Forked River. Stations 10-12 are in Oyster Creek, influenced directly by heat, increased (and.

constant) salinity, and other components of the effluent (heavy metals, silt, increased flow rate, etc.).

Since JCP & L calculates average values of heavy metal input per month, exact data necessary to characterize the effluent completely are not available.

Stations 14 and 15 are at or near the southern limit of the thermal plume, on Barnegat Bay.

Station 15, like Station 6, is being sampled on a reduced schedule.

Station 18 on Long Beach Island is being used only as a reliable source of Teredo navalis for laboratory experiments.

4 Field Work l

Once each month, the water temperature and salinity are measured at-each station. Air temperature and time of day are also recorded.

The amount of silt settling on wood panels submerged for one month is estimated as trace, light, moderate, or heavy. At stations 1, 5, 11, and 14, records of temperature and salinity are kept by means of constant recording instruments that are serviced once a month.

White pine panels, approximately 3/4" x 4" x 8", are used to obtain ship-worms for study. There are three panel series: 1) Each month, a panel that has been in the water for 1 month is removed and replaced. In this way data on monthly settlement and early growth of borers are obtained.

2) Each month, a panel that has been in the water for 12 months is removed and replaced.

It provides data on timing of reproduction, species and age structure of established borer mommunities, ant' other population data.

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3) Each May, most recently on May 3,1980, a series of 12 panels is deployed. These panels are removed one per month. They provide infor-mation on the cumulative growth and maturation of individual borers as well as development of the boring and fouling communities. The cumulative monthly amount of wood destruction can be evaluated. These three panel series are called M, Y, and C, respectively.

The Y and C series are replicated at some stations, as indicated in the data tables to follow. Replication is not possible at all stations because of limited space where the water is deep enough to submerge a series of shipworn panels.

Panels are presoaked for 2 weeks, then set on aluminue frame racks against bulkheading or off finger docku. They rest about 6" above the water-sediment interface.

Laboratory Work Panels are examined for pediveliger shipworm larvae and boring isopods, scraped, and X-rayed to locate the shipworms and provide a permanent record of damage.

It is possibic to count and often to identify ship-worms from the X-rays in uncrowded panels, but X-rays do not provide quantitative data in most cases.

Therefore, using the X-rays as guides, the panels are dissected. All the shipworms are removed, identified, examined for larvae in the gills, and measured (length only). They are preserved in 75% buffered alcohol.

Identifications are first made by technicians, but all Teredo spp. are checked by one of the senior investigators.

Wood fragments from the dissected panels are saved. Calcareous tubes and other debris left by the shipworms are removed with HCt.

The wood is washed in fresh water, then dried to constant weight, allowed to cool to room temperature, and weighed. The panels are also weighed before going into the water. The weight difference is a measure of wood destruction due to boring organisms.

During dissection of the wood panels, we estimate the percentage of empty tubes, which indicate mortality.

If pallets are still present in the empty tubes, we can record the species of the dead shipworm.

Shipworms from the replicate 12-month panels are not preserved immediately but are kept alive and allowed to spawn in tanks containing filtered sea water (22% salinity) and new pine panels. In this way, we have established pure laboratory populations of Teredo bartschi.

Individuals of B. gouldi and T. navalis from the field are being maintained in the laboratory.

These stocks are used for temperature and salinity tolerance experiments.

Attempts are underway to establish breeding colonies of Teredo navalis.

Algal cultures (Isochrysis-Monochrysis) have been established to use as 3

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supplemental food for Teredo navalis adults and to feed veligers'if they are produced, but our specimens have not spawned yet in the laboratory.

Physiological Ecology The effect of sudden salinity change on adults of Teredo bartschi was investigated. Two pieces of white pine board approximately 2.5 x 2.5 x 12 cm in size containing adult T. bartschi (9 months old) were placed in finger bowls of filtered sea water at 22 */.. salinity.

In one bowl, the salinity was raised by placing a. Pasteur pipette filled with 4

concentrated artificial sea water close to the siphons of the adults or to the pediveligers and releasing the water. The salinity of the water in the pipette varied between 42 */.. and 102 */...

The' behavior of the animals was observed and recorded. As a control, the adults in the other finger bowl were squirted underwater'with sea water of 22 */..,

thu salinity to which they had been acclimated.

i The effect of salinity on the behavior of pediveligers of Teredo bartschi was also observed. Fifteen pediveligers were placed in 22 */.. filtered sea water in each of two small finger bowls deep enough to allow the animals to swim, but shallow enough to be observed easily with a i

dissecting microscope.

Evaporated sea water of 50 */.. was added to one bowl using a Pasteur pipette until the salinity in the bowl was 32 */... The pediveligers were observed for 15 minutes. The salinity was dropped to 22 */.., and the pediveligers were observed for 15 minutes.

Then the salinity was raised again, to 27 */.., before being dropped back i

to 22 */...

The pediveligers in the second bowl were merely observed as water of 22 */.. salinity was expelled underwater from a Pasteur pipette.

Six watch glasses, each containing a sliver of waterlogged wood and 10 Teredo bartschi pediveligers, were established with water of 2 */..,

6 */.., 16 */.., 22 */.., 26 */.., and 32 */.. salinity. Observations were made after 30 minutes and after 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />, and notes were taken on the behavior of the pediveligers.

All of these experiments were conducted at 18-20' C, and all animals

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had been raised in water of 22 */...

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Physical Data Water temperatures are reported in Tables 1 and 2.

The Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station was operating during the period of this report except for brief outages September 18-22 and November 22-30 (Roche, personal communication). Temperatures exceeded 31*C at Oyster Creek and the mouth of Forked River in September (Table 1).

The data taken at the time of sampling show that the AT in Oyster Creek was 5 to 5.5* C in September and October, dropping to about 4 to 5* C in early November.

The seasonal drop in temperature during this fall period was about 15* C in Barnegat Bay generally and about one degree more in Oyster Creek.

In September, there was evidence of the thermal effluent at Bayside Beach Club (Station 8) located between Oyster Creek and Forked River.

The temperature at the evntrol creek (Station 3) continues to be 2-3* C higher than neighboring stations for natural reasons, as we have dis-cussed in earlier reports.

In November, the seal on a new temperature recorder leaked at Station 11 in Oyster Creek, destroying all previously recorded data on the 3-month chart. At Station 1 the recording pen malfunctioned, causing loss of data (Table 2).

Therefore, Table 2 has limited usefulness.

It does show that the temperature tends to be warmer in Forked River (Station 5) than the mouth of Waretown Creek (Station 14).

This may be due to re-circulation or to the shallower depth of the Forked River site compared with the Waretown Creek site.

Shoaling has reduced the depth of our Station 5 to less than 4 feet. The daily range of temperatures tends to be slightly greater at the Forked River site than at the Waretown site.

Salinity data (Tables 3 and 4) continue the pattern we have reported in.

earlier reports. The salinity of Forked River (Stations 4 and 5) is the same as that at a nearby bay station (Station 8).

Oyster Creek usually has slightly lower salinity. The creek control (Station 3) has lower salinity, as do Stations 1 and 14, which are at the mouths of Potter Creek and Waretown Creek, respectively.

The salinity was virtu-ally constant for the three months of this report. The data in Table 4 are inconsistent with Table 3 in that they indicate higher salinity in Oyster Creek than in Forked River. Because the salinity instruments have proved so unreliable in the past and because we and other workers have found lower salinities in Oyster Creek in the past (Richards, et al.,

1980), we believe Table 3.

Table 5 shows that the plant was operating most of its dilution capa-bility during September-November, 1980, except the outage periods. The circulation flow was reduced for much of November.

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Table 1 Temperature Profiles in Degrees Centigrade 4

September to November, 1980 Differential i

within Stations Station Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 among months b

b 1

26.5 16.5 11.0 15.5 3

28.0 19.5 15.0 13.0 4

28.0 18.5 13.0 15.0 i

5 28.0 18.0 13.0 15.0 i

8 31.0 18.3 14.5 16.5 10 31.5 a 21.4 15.0 16.5 11 31.2 21.5 15.0 16.2 12 31.3 22.0 a 16.0 a 15.3 14 26.0 b 17.0 11.5 14.5 Differential 5.5 5.5 5.0 among stations J

a highest value b lowest value i

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I Table 2 i

Continu9us Temperature Recorder Data (*C) for September 5 to November 7, 1980 I. Temperature at 1:00 PM Sept.5, 1980 Oct.7. 1980

'u. 7. 1980 5

14 5

14 5*

14 Mean Daily Temp. at IPM 22.3 21.9 14.7.

13.0 6.4 Standard Deviation 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.1 1.7 Highest Value of Temp.

at IPM 28.6 26.6 19.9 18.2 14.4 10.4 Lowest Value of Temp.

at IPM 17.1 15.8 10.0 8.4 4.5 Monthly Temp. Range at IPM 11.5 10.8 9.9 9.8 5.9 i

11. Maximum faily Temperature Sept.5, 1980

~Oct.7, 1980 Nov.7, 1980 5

14 5

14 5

  • 14 Mean Value of Max. Daily Temp.

23.6 22.6 15.9-13.6 6.9 Standard Deviatios 3.1 2.7 3.1 3.3 1.6 1

Highest Value of Max. Daily Temp.

29.2 27.2 21.8 18.9 14.5 10.5 Lowest Value of i

4 Max. Daily Temp.

18.1 17.3 11.1 9.1 4.9 Monthly Range of Max. Daily Temp.

11.1 9.9 10.7 9.8 5.6 4

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Table 2 continued III. Minimum Daily Temperature Sept. 5. 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980

_5 14 5

14 5*

14 Mean Value of Min. Daily Temp.

21.9 21.1 13.7 12.3 5.6 Standard Deviation 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.9 1.5 Highest Value of Min. Daily Temp.

28.3 25.8 18.7 16.3 12.4 9.4 Lowest Value of Min. Daily. Temp.

16.8 15.7 9.3 8.0 4.3 Monthly Range of Min. Daily Temp.

11.5 10.1 9.4 8.3 5.1 IV. D.. fly Temperature Range Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 5

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14 14 Mean Daily AT 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.4 1.3 Standard Deviation 0.7

'O.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 Largest Daily AT for one month 3.5 3.7 4.5 3.1 2.7 Smallest Daily AT for one moath 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.3 0.6 i

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  • Temperature went below minimum for the instrument used.

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Table 3 Salinity Profiles in Parts per Thousand f

September to November, 1980 Differential Station Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 within stations among months b

25 3

1 22 25 b

3 20 26 23 b 6

4 28 a 28 a 26 2

5 28 a 28 a 26 2

8 27 28 a 26 2

10 26 25 b 28 a 3

11 26 27 27 3

12 26 27 27 1

14 26 25 b 28 a 3

Differential 8

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among stations a highest value b lowest value Table 4 Continuous Recording Salinometer Readings at 12:00 Noon, EST in Parts per Thousand 1

Dates Statistic

  • Sta. 5 Sta. 11 Aug.7, 1980-N 22 0

Sept.5, 1980 Z

23.8 S

l9 x

Sept.6, 1980-N 21 14 Oct.7, 1980 2

24.4 27.6 S

1.1 0.8 x

Oct.8, 1980-N 17 20 Nov.7, 1980 X

23.5 27.5 S

0.7 0.8 x

  • N, number of days recorded indicates extent of missing data.

R = Mean; S = Standard Deviation.

Instruments at x

Stations 1 and 14 and one backup instrument were under repair.

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1 Table 5 I

i Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station Circulation and Dilution Flow and Outage Dates for Fall, 1980 Total Circulating Water Flow TotalDilutignFlow 6

(gal. 10 )

(gal, to )

i September 19,254 13,982 October 20,123 19,005 November 16,693 19,661 Outage Dates:

September 18-22 November 22-30 l

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Table 6 J

l Average Temperature and Precipitation in Northern and Central New Jersey, i

Fall, 1980 1

i (Deviation from Normal) l Temperaturda Precipitationb l

September

+1.7

-1.7 October

-3.8

+1.1 November

-3.1

-0.7 3

4 "In degrees centigrade bIn inches j

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l The drought described in our last report (NTIS #NUREG/CR-1855) continued in the Fall of 1980, although rainfall was above average in October (Table 6).

The average rainfall is somewhat misleading, because it came over'a very few days.

Shipworm Populations Only Teredo bartschi settled on monthly panels deployed in August, Sep-tember, and October (Table 7).

The very young unidentified teredinids at Station 5 and 12 were probably ];. bartschi. During September and October there was an outbreak of ];. bartschi at Station 12 in Oyster Creek.

The panel retrieved in October had many bore holes that did not contain specimens. Mortality as indicated by ~he empty holes accounted for 34%

of the total number of bore holes.

The lengths of the unidentified teredfaids were both 2 mm.

The Teredo bartschi removed in October varied from 2-10 mm, while those removed in November were only 0.7 to 1.0 mm long. The animals are already 0.7 to 1.0 mm long when they are released from the female, so animals of that size have not grown at all on their own.

November is the end of the breeding and settlement season for ];. bartschi in Oyster Creek, and it also appears to bring a reduction in or cessation of growth.

Shipworms removed alive from panels submerged on May 3, 1980 and collected between September 5 and November 7 are described in Table 8.

Replicate panel pairs at Stations 4, 8, and 11 are similar.

In September, there was no serious attack at any station except perhaps Station 8 between Oyster Creek and Forked River. The outbreak of Teredo bartschi at Station 12 in Oyster Creek is illustrated dramatically in panels removed in October and November. The young shipworms settled more densely on the cumulative panels than they did on the monthly panels. One Teredo bartschi settled at Station 8 outside Oyster Creek. No shipworms settled at the creek control site (Station 3), and no outbreak occurred at any station besides Station 12.

At the Barnegat Bay stations as a whole, Bankia gouldi outnumbered Teredo navalis by 109:30, while there were a total of 347 living ];. bartschi counted. The only sites to harbor all three species were Stations 8 and 12.

Mortality of shipworms in the cumulative panels is shown in Tables 9 and 10.

There was very little mortality, except at Station 12 in panels removed in October and November. Most of those deaths occurred to pediveligers shortly af ter settlement and initiation of boring.

The largest specimens of each species were taken from the Oyster Creek-Forked River area (Table 11). Bankia gouldi tend to be larger than Teredo navalis, followed by ][. bartschi, although there is considerable overlap.

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i Table 8 t

Numbers of Living Shipworms in Cumulative Panels Submerged May 3,1980 Date Removed: Sept. 5,-1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Station B.g.a T.n.

Total Bg. T.n. T.b.

Total BA T.n. M. Total 1

0 0

0 4

0 0

4 1

0 0

1 3

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 4

5 0

5 1

2 0

3 4

0 0

4 l

5 0

3 3

1 0

0 1

3 0

0 3

i 6

0 0

0 0

8 4

2 6

8 1

0 9

8 1

0 9

l 10 1

0 1

1 0

0 1

0 0

0 0

11 4

1 5

3 2

0 5

3 1

0 4

12 6

0 6

1 0 109 110 4'

1 237 242 14 1

3 4

0 2

0 2

1 3

0 4

Totals 21 9

-30 19 7 109 135 24 5 237 267 l

l I-4 Rep.

2 0

.2 6

0 0

6 4

1 0

5 8 Rep.

10 1

11 11 3

0 14 9

1 1 11 11 Rep.

2 0

2 0

1 0

1 2

1 0

3' a Bankia gouldi b

i Teredo navalis ;

c T_. bartschi i

d Rep. = replicate panel; not included in totals.

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l Table 9 a

Numbers of Living Shipworms Plus Empty Tubes, Cumulative Panels Date Removed:

Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7. 1980 Tere-T.

Tere-Station B.g.

T.n.

dinid Total B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

sp. Total B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

T.sp.dinid Total 1

0 0

0 0

4 0

0 4

1 0

0 1

3 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 4

5 0

0 5

1 3

0 4

4 0

0 4

5 0

3 0

3 1

0 0

1 3

0 0

3 6

0 0

0 0

8 4

2 1

7 8

1 0

9 8

1 0

9 10 1

0 0

1 1

0 0

1 0

0 0

0 11 4

1 0

5 3

2 0

5 3

1 0

4 12 6

0 0

6 1

0 162 163 4

1 >300

>305 Z

14 1

3 0

4 0

2 0

2 1

3 0

4 Totals 21 9

1 31 19 8

162 189 24 6 >300

>330 4 Rep.

2 0

2 4

6 1

0 7

4 1

0 2

7.

8 Rep.

11 1

0 12 12 5

0 1

18 9

1 1

4 15 11 Rep.

3 1

0 4

0 1

0 1

2 1

0 1

4 I

a Abbreviations as in Table 8.

Table 10 Percentage of Specimens Alive when Collected, Cumulative Panels a Date Removed:

Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Number Total no.

Number Total no.

Number Total no.

Living Tubes Living Tubes Living Tubes Station Specimens Observed Alive Specimens Observed Alive Specimens Observed Alive 1

0 0

4 4

100 1

1 100 3

0 0

0 0

0 0

4 5

5 100 3

4 75 4

4 100 5

3 3

100 1

1 100 3

3 100 6

0 0

8 6

7 86 9

9 100 9

9 100 10 1

1 100 1

1 100 0

0 11 5

5 100 5

5 100 4

4 100 g

12 6

6 100 110 163 67 242

>305

<80 14 4

4 100 2

2 100 4

4 100 Totals 29 31 94 135 189 71 267

>330

<81 4 Rep.

2 4

50 6

7 86 5

7 71 8 Rep.

11 12 92 14 18 78 11 15 73 11 Rep.

2 4

50 1

1 100 3

4 75 a Abbreviations as in Table 8,

s Table 11 Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Cumulative Panels Date Removed:

S_e p t. 5, 19.80 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Station B.g.

T.n.

B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

1 74-235 158 3

4 15-75

'.10 65-245*

152-250 4 Rep.

185-190 75-2o 200-290 175 5

160-220*

180 180-208 8

34-130 21-153 95-280*

100 90-340 120 8 Rep.

105-280

  • 15 105-230 25-190 50-230 163 55 10 9

249 s

11 17-125 155 188-235 185-243 190-350* 275*

11 Rep.

150-180 153 240-325 130 12 5-135 75 1-105*

145-303 1-70*

14 8

20-102 95-105 152 110

  • Largest specimen each :aonth, each species.

1

The panels that had been submerged for 12 months are described in Tables 12-15.

Again, the outbreak of Teredo bartschi at Station 12 is dramatically illustrated. The difference between 23 living T. bartschi on October 7 and 528 on November 7 indicates that considerable settlement occurred in late October (Table 12).

Settlement on the year-old panels was much greater than that on cumulative (4 to 6 month old) or monthly panels.

The ratio of species for all panels combined was 551 T. bartschi:

(

40 T. navalis: 38 Bankia gouldi.

The greater proportion of T. navalis compared with the cumulative panels may be due to settlement of T. navalis in the late fall of 1979 or differential mortality. Replicate panel pairs contained the same order of magnitude of infestation.

Mortality in the yearly panels was greatest at Stations 8, 10, and 12 (Tables 13 and 14).

The reason for the great mortality in the September panels is that there was heavy settlement of shipworms in September and

[

early October, 1979, when the panels were deployed. Most of these animals died in the course of the year, leaving the live animals that were part of the 1980 settlement.

The October and November panels missed most or all of the 1979 settlement and contained little more than the small 1980 year class.

The sizes of the shipworms taken from the September and October yearly pancis are smaller than those taken from the cumulative panels (Tables 11 and 15). Both types of panels contain the 1980 year class, but the yearly panels were more crowded because of the presence of the 1979 year class, now dead.

The crowding especially reduced the size of specimens from Oyster Creek, where crowding had the greatest effect.

The impact of the shipworra on wood destruction can be seen in Table 16 (Fig. 1) and Table 17.

For the 1980 year class (Table 16), damage in Oyster Creek and Forked River did not surpass that at control stations until October.

That is because the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station was off until July 19.

The attack in Oyster Creek is not uniform; it is heaviest at the site nearest the Oyster Creek power plant (Station 12) and is lightest in the lagoon at the mouth of the creek (Station 10).

Station 8 between Oyster Creek and Forked River and Station 4 suffered the greatest damage outside of Oyster Creek, over twice that at bay control Stations 1 and 14.

The weight lost by yearly p.aels (Table 17) is not as easy to interpret as the data for the cumulative panels, because the power plant was not operating in the middle of the 1979-1980 period. Nonetheless, it is clear that damage is greatest in Oyster Creek when the power plant is operating.

For example, the average weight lost by the September panels was 40.3% in Oyster Creek, and only 3.3% at the control stations (1, 3, and 14).

The October and November panels showed less dramatic differences 17

la 1 03161 699 6

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1 5 0

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Table 13 Numbers of Living Shirworms Plus Empty Tubes, Yearly Panels "

Date Removed:

Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Tere-Tere-Station Bg. T.n. T.b. T.sp. dinid Total Bg.

T.n.

T.b.

Total B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

dinid.

Total 1

0 1

0 0

0 1

0 0

0 0

0 1

0 0

1 3

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 4

2 0

0 0

0 2

0 2

0 2

0 4

0 0

4 5

1 0

0 0

~100. ~101 0

0 0

0 0

1 0

0 1

8 1

0 0

0

~230 '231 4

0 0.

4 6

0 0

2 8

10 1

1 0

0 1

1 0

0 0

1 11 0

0 0

0

'120 ~120 2

0 0

2 3

3 0

0 6

12 1

0 0

0

~250 '251 0

0 36 36

'l 0 >528 0

>529 14 1

3 0

1 0

5 4

6 0

10 0

15 0

0 15 to Totals 7

4 0

1

>700 >711 11 8

36 55 11 24 >528 2

>565 1 Rep.

b 1

3 0

b b

4 Rep.

b b

1 5

0 0

6 11 Rep.

b c

b 14 Rep.

1 0

0 0

4 5

0 3

0 3

1 4

5 a Abbreviations as in Table 8.

b Panel not X-rayed, no indication of mortality given.

c Panel missing.

  • Panel completely riddled.

I

Table 14 Percentage of Speci ens that were Alive when Cellected, Yearly Panels Date Removed:

Sept. 5, 19d0 Oct.

7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Number Total no.

Number Total no.

Number Total no.

Living Tubes Living Tubes Living Tubes Station Specimens Observed Alive Specimens Observed Alive Specimens Observed Alive 1

1 100 1

1 1

100 0

0 0

0 3

0 0

0 0

4 2

2 100 2

2 100 3

4 75 5

1

~101 (1

0 0

1 1

100 8

1

~231

<1 4

4 100 6

8 75 10 1

<1 1

1 100 1

1 100 11 0

~120 0

2 2

100 6

6 100 12 1

~251

<1 23 36 64 529

>529

<100 14 3

5 60 8

10 80 9

15 60 g

Totals 10

>711

<14 40 55 73 556

>565

< 98 1

0 a

4 a

O a

4 1

a 7

a 4

6 67 11 0

a b

0 a

14 1

5 20 2

3 67 4

5 80 a Panel not X-rayed, no indication of mortality given.

b Panel missing

  • Panel completely riddled.

_. s _-

Table 15 i

i Length Ranges of Living Shipworms, in mm, Yearly Panels Date Removed:

Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov.~7, 1980 Station Bg.

T.n.

B3, T.n.

T.b.

B.g.

T.n.

T.b.

I 110

  • 2 34-3 4

12-58 86-170

  • 190-215 5

180 210 8

36 129-302

  • 180-300 * -

10 21 188 280 11 47-125 120-230 153-295 12 16 3-40 *

'280 0.5-92

  • 14 15-100 124-155 120-150 65-155 U

1 110 110-150 4

240

  • 100-200 120 230 265-352
  • 11 14 40 10-55 205 100-180 i

a Abbreviations as in Table 8.

Largest specimen each month, each species.

1 1

4

/

l J

Y t

Table 16 Percentage Weieht Loss by Cumulative Panels Submerged May 3, 1980

]

Oct.

7, 1980 Nov. 7, 1980 Station Se;t. 5.-1980 ii 1

0.0 11.2 7.8 3

0.0 0.0 0.0 4

10.9 14.1 22.8 S

14.4 10.7 15.5 8

12.9 27.3 29.2 10 0.0 12.6 0.0 11 11.4 23.0 21.9 12 12.8 16.4 33.0 14 11.0 11.6 13.5 4 Rep.

14.5 17.6 30.4 8 Rep.

29.5 27.9 46.3

.~

11 Rep.

15.6 9.3 22.2 1

^

l 1

i 1

1 l

r 22

i I

i Figure 1 l

90 llistogram of Wood Weight Loss, Cumulative Panels 80 70 t

60 y

50

(

?

i 340 5

30 h

SON SON SON SON SON SON SON SON SON SON SOh SON i

1 3

4 4 Rep 8

8 Rep 10 11 11 Rep 12 14 Station and Mcntia Rernoved l

l Table 17 Percentage Weight Loss by Yearly Panels Station Sept. 5, 1980 Oct. 7, 1980 Nov.'7, 1980 1

10.7 0.0 12.6 3

0.0 0.0 0.0

.4 3.9 12.3 18.5 5

10.3 0.0 11.6 8

7.0 16.8 29.8 10 70.9 14.9 15.8 11 20.7 12.9 30.2 12' 29.4 13.6 29.7 14 1.9 21.2 23.3 1 Rep.

0.0 22.2 0.0 4 Rep.

4.2 31.3 25.6 11 Rep.

11.2 no data 0.0 14 Rep.

6.7 15.6 22.4 l

i l

24 i

it 6

(13.8% versus 10.9% in October and 25.2% versus 12.0% in November), but most of the shipworm growth in these panels took place while the plant was off.

Most of the Teredo bartschi removed from the panels collected in Fall, 1980 contained larvae (Table 18). As we have seen in other years, the larvae remain in the gills of some individuals after the season of pediveliger settlement has ended. Teredo navalis, however. does not retain larvae in the gills once the season of larval release is over.

The lack of Teredo bartschi in our September, 1980, panels does not indicate a total absence of the species from Oyster Creek.

It does represent very low population density, too low to be sampled with our experimental design.

The same problem occurred in 1976-1977, when we sampled no ];. bartschi for over twelve months. We are confident that the resurgence of ];. bartschi in October represented recovery from a bottleneck rather than a re-introduction of this tropical-subtropical shipworm, because the highly monomorphic allele structure of the popu-latien before and after the bottieneck was the same. A new introduction woulo be expected to bring in some new alleles. Our electrophoretic studies of the population genetics of T. bartschi are part of a separately-funded project and are being reported elsewhere (Hoagland and Turner, 1981; Hoagland, 1981).

The X-rays taken to provide a permanent record of the borer attack and l

to aid in dissection of panels clearly illustrated the differences i

between the species in time of attack, growth rate, and density of settlement. X-ray negatives are on file at Lehigh University; selected ones will be reproduced in our annual report.

The X-rays showed that there was some damage from Limnoria at Station 14.

The greatest differences between the ahipworm attack in 1980 and those in 1978 and 1979 are that it came later in the season and that fewer adults survived from the previous year class. We attribute these differences to the shutdown of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station between January and July, 1980.

Shipworm Physiological Ecology Sudden 3alinity Change - When exposed to a stream of water, regardless of salinity, adult Teredo bartschi momentarily withdrew the siphons or drew them away from the water. Within 30 seconds, the siphons reappeared.

When exposed to a stream of water of high salinity (>42

  • /..), some of the shipworms withdrew their siphons, immediately extended them, and withdrew them again. Others withdrew the siphons, slowly extended them during a few seconds, then rapidly withdrew them and remained closed up with the pallets in place for several minutes.

Sudden increase in salinity of the finger bowl from 22 to 24 */.. and from 22 to 28 */.. differed 25

~ - -. _

- - = -. ~.

b.%,

Table 18 f

Percentage of Live Teredo Specimens Found sith Larvae in the Gills 4

September-November, 1980 b

i

Species, Max. Size Min. Size Max. Size Min. Size

% of Adult Shipworms j

Station, of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms of Shipworms with Larvae and Panel a with Larvae with Larvae without Larvae without Larvae.(followed by N)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

T;. bartschi 12-C-Oct.

105 10 17 1

83 (42) 12-Y-Oct.

40 15 16 3

76 (17) 100 (1) 8-C Rep.-Nov 55 55 12-C-Nov.

70 20 45 1

80 (35) 12-Y-Nov.

92 22 50 0.5 58 (53)

.j

~T. navalis 5-C-Sept.

220 220 200.

160 33 (3)'

8-C-Sept.

153 153 21 21 50 (2) l a

t C = Cumulative panel; Y = Yearly panel; Rep. = Replicate.

l.

b Teredo navalis is considered adult if greater than 10 mm long;

};. bartschi is considered adult if greater than 10 mm long.

r 1

'I

- _.. ~.. _ - = -.

-. - -. - -. -.. - -...~ _ _

)'

l l

1 i

only in the length of time it took for the T. bartschi to extend the siphons following the initial withdrawal response to increased salinity.

None of the adult T. bartschi released pediveligers under the regime of salinity changes, despite the fact that many were brooding them.

The larvae of Teredo bartschi immediately closed their shells when squirted with a jet of concentrated sea water from a Pasteur pipette.. The salinity of the bowl rose from 22 */.. to 27 */... After 4 minutes, two of 15 shipworms began swimming, and one began crawling. After 15 minutes no i

i i

additional activity was observed. As soon as the salinity was returned to 22 */.., all the larvac began swimming. After 10 minutes, the salinity l

was raised again, but more slowly. At 27 */.., the pediveligers closed up and sank to the bottom. As the salinity was once again reduced, 2 i

individuals became active at 25 */.. and all were active at 23 */... We conclude that the upper salinity limit for activity at 20' C is about 4

26 */...

Behavior of Pediveligers of Teredo bartschi at Several Salinities -

The 10 pediveligers established in salinities varying from 2 */.. to 32 */..

l (at 20' C) behaved as shown in Table 19.

Abnormal behavior indicative of stress occurred at 2 */.., 6 */.., and 32 */... This is not to say that i

all pediveligers of Teredo bartschi are active only at salinities between a'oout 7 */.. and about 26 */.., but that animals from Oyster Creek reared under the conditions of 22 */.. and 15-20" C do have such constraints.

There appears to be little variability in the behavior of Teredo bartschi pediveligers. This is not unexpected in light of the monomorphism seen in their soluble proteins (Hoagland and Turner, 1981; Hoagland. 1981),

and is probably due to founder effects.

1 2

i a

E l

I I

27 i

i

Table 19 Behavior of Pediveligers of Teredo bartschi in Various Salinities.

Af ter 30 minutes j

2 */.. : All performing a slow, circular swimming pattern. The larvae appear distended. All behave alike.

6 */.. :

Same as 2 */...

16 */.. : All rapidly swimming up and down in water column, with brief l

resting periods on the bottom.

22 */.. : More variety in swimming patterns.

Some swim as at 16 */...

Others spend longer resting with velum partly extended and cilia beating. Others swim slowly through the water in a i

straight line.

26 */.. : Three crawling on the bottom with the foot. Two swimming at the surface.

Five swimming quickly in tight circles.

32 */.. : All larvae closed up on the bottom.

After 6 bours 2 */.. : All ten pediveligers on the bottom, shells gaping, viscera distended, cilia on velum beating slightly.

6 */..

Six swimming slowly, two on the bottom with cilia beating rhythmically, and two moribund, gaping slightly.

16 */.. : Five swimming rapidly up and down, two crawling on the bottom, three swimming slowly, following the bottom.

22 */.. : Six swimming rapidly up and down, four sitting on the bottom.

t 26 */.. : Eight swimming rapidly up and down, two sitting on the bottom.

l l

32 */.. : All pediveligers lying on the bottom with shells open slightly and cilia beating slowly.

l 28

CONCLUSIONS There continu.3 to be a very good correlation between the operation levels of t'.e Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station and the outbreaks

(

of shipworms in Oyster Creek. The introduced species Teredo bartschi is primarily responsible for the outbreaks. Native species take longer to respond to the changing temperatures and salinities because they have longer generation times and they cannot store larvae in the gills for long periods of time.

l Teredo bartschi has endergone at least three bottlenecks in Oyster Creek.

The residual population has been maintained near Station 12 about midway be-tween the power plant and the mouth of Oyster Creek.

T. bartschi is able to withstand the temperatures between 31* - 35' C that can occur in August and September, while native species are stressed at these temperatures.

T. bartschi pediveligers are inactive at salinities below 7 */... which occur in New Jersey's tidal creeks except for Oyster Creek and Forked River.

We recommend that the area of Oyster Creek near Station 12 be examined 1

for shipworms and that they be destroyed during periods when the station is not operating for prolonged periods in winter or spring.

i l

l f

1 29 t

l REFERENCES l

Hoagland, K. E. 1981. Genetic variation in seven wood-boring bivalves (Pholadacea) with different patterns of life history and dispersal.

(

Ms. in preparation.

I Hoagland, K. E. and L. Crocket, 1979. Analysis of populations of. boring I

and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station with discussion of relevant physical parameters over the period: June 1 - August 31, 1979. NUREG/CR-1209.

51 pp.*

Hoagland, K.

E., L. Crocket, and M. Rochester, 1978. Analysis of populations of boring cnd fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek i

Nuclear Generating Station over the period March 1 - May 31,1978.

y i

NUREG/CR-0380.

32 pp.**

1 j

Hoagland, K.

E., M. Rochester, and L. Crocket, 1977. Analysis of populations of boring and fouling organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek l

Nuclear Generating Station over the period: June 1 - August 31, 1977.

i 48 pp.

I Hoagland, K. E. and R. D. Turner,1980. Range extensions of teredinids (shipworms) and polychaetes in the vicinity of a temperate-zone l

nuclear generating station. Marine Biology, 58: 55-64.

Hoagland, R. D. and R. D. Turner, 1981.

Evolution and adaptive radiation l

of wood-boring bivalves (Pholadacea).

In press, Malacologia.

Turner, R. D. 1974.

In the path of a warm, saline effluent. American Malacological Union Bullotin for 1973, 39: 36-41.

i i

i

  • Available for purchase from the NRC/GPO Sales Program, U.S. Nuclear i

Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555, and/or the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.

    • Available for purchase from the National Technical Information Service.

31 i

APPENDIX:

STATION LOCALITIES i

SIATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES 1

Holly Park Dick's Landing Lat. 39' 54' N

Island Drive Lon. 74*

8' W

Bayville, N.J.

Bay control 3

Stout's End of Raleigh Drive 39' 50.7' N

Creek Gustav Walters' residence 74*

9' W

Estuarine control 4

Mouth of South Shore 39' 49.6' N

Forked River Developed property 74*

9.8' W

Possible temperature increase increased oceanic influence due to reverse flow 5

Leilani Drive At branch point of Forked River 39' 49.6' N

74* 10.5' W

6 Elk.'s Club South Branch 39' 49.4' N

Forked River 74* 10.9' W

Increase in salinity due to plant intake canal 8

Bayside Beach On bay between Oyster Creek 39' 49.0' N

Club and Forked River across from 74*

9.7' W

1815 Beach Blvd., Forked River, N.J.

Temperature increase since plant operation.

10 Kochman's End of Compass Rd. on 39' 48.5' N

Residence

  1. 1 Lagoon, Oyster Creek, 74* 10.6' W

Waretown, N.J.

Temperature, salinity, siltation increase

(

11 Crisman's Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek 39' 48.5' N

[

Residence Waretown, N.J.

74* 11.0' W

Temperature, salinity, siltation increase 33 4

I f

i STATION NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION COORDINATES i

12 Gilmore's 20 Dock Ave. on Oyster Creek 39' 48.5' N

Residence Waretown, N.J. Temperature, 74* 11.3' W

salinity, siltation increase 14 Cottrell's End of North Harbor Rd.

39' 47.7' N

Clam Factory Waretown, N.J. (Mouth of 74* 10.9' W

Waretown Creek)

Within but near limits of reported thermal plume 15 Carl's Boats Washington & Liberty Sts.

39' 47' N

Waretown, N.J. (on the bay) 74* 11' W

18 Barnegat Light Marina adjacent to Coart Guard 39' 45.8' N

Station 74*

6.5' W

i i

i 1

e J

34

~

DISTRIBUTION LIST Distribution Category: RE Supplemental Distribution:

e L

l Part A i

i Mr. Richard Baumgardt l

Dick's Landing i

Holly Park Bayville, New Jersey 08721 Mr. William Campbell P.O. Box 668 108 Long John Silver Way Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Stan Cottrell North Harbor Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Wilson T. Crisman 901 Hudson Street Hoboken, New Jersey 07030 j

Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Gilmore 20 Dock Ave., Box 205 E, R.R.I.

l Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Walter Holzman 1915 Beach Blvd.

Forked River Beach, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Charles Kochman Compass Road Waretown, New Jersey 08758 Mr. Ed Sheridan 1108 Leilani Drive Forked River, New Jersey 08731 Mr. Gustav Walters 100 Manhattan Avenue, Apt. 706 Union City, New Jersey 07087 Mr. Edward Wheiler i

16 River View Drive P. O. Box 642 Forked River, New Jersey 08731 i

35

1 Part B Battelle Columbus Laboratories Clapp Laboratories Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 Mr. Michael Roche Supervisor of Environmental Science Jersey Central Power and Light Co.

Madison Ave. at Punchbowl Road Morristown, New Jersey 07960 Dr. Glenn Paulson Asst. Commissioner for Science Dept. of Environmental Protection State of New Jersey P. O. Do; 1390 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Mr. Alan R. Hoffman Lynch, Brewer, Hoffman & Sands Ten Post Office Square Suite 329 Boston, Massachusetts 02109 Mr. John Makai

.)

Nacote Creek Research Station Star Route Absecon, New Jersey 08201 Mr. Steve Lubow NJDEP-Division of Water Resources P.O. Box CN-029 Trenton, New Jersey 08625 Dr. Harry L. Allen l

US EPA Region II 26 Federal Plaza i

Room 832 New York, New York 10007 l

Dr. John Strand Ecosystems Department Battelle Northwest Lab s

Richland, Washington 99352 t

Dr. D. Heyward Hamilton, Jr.

EV-34, GTN U. S. Dept. of Energy l

Washington, D.C. 20545 36 l

1.

T MSER Mas.Waw mcf U.S. NUCLEA"3 CEfULATORY CC3melOSION BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET NUREG/CR-1939

4. TITLE AND s'JBTITLE saiad Valwar Na,if eprapneel
2. Esme Wev&f Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station
3. RECIPIENTT ACCESSION NO.
7. AUTHORisi S. DATE REPORT COMPLETED K. E. Hoagland, L. Crocket F"eEru*ary N1 PER ORMIN ORGANIZATION NAME AND MAILING ADDRESS #acdwe Ep Csel DATE REPORT ISSUED 9'Wetfands institute mourn lvaan Lehigh University April 1981 Stone Harbor, NJ 08247
s. teme m.aes
s. name meias
12. 3PONSORING ORGANIZ ATION N AME AND MAILING ADDRESS #acAwe le Coel Division of Safeguards, Fuel Cycle and Environmental Researc}

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

11. CMTRACT N O.

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC Fin B5744 Washington, D. C. M 565

13. TYPE OF REPORT PE RIOD COVERED #acdusive elessl Quarterly Progress Report September 1 - November 30, 1980
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
14. Esme We,Al
16. A85 TRACT #00 were er Arssl The species composition, distribution, and population dynamics of wood-boring bivalves are being studied in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Untreated wood test panels are used to collect organisms at 12 stations.

Physiological tolerances of 3 species are also under investigation in he laboratory. Relative destructiveness and competition among the species are being analyzed. The native species Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi coexist with the introduced T_. bartschi in Oyster Creek and at the mouth of Forked River. Teredo bartschi has also been introduced to the mouth of Waretown Creek.

It recovered from a bottle-neck and underwent an outbreak in October, 1980 after the power plant returned to operation in July following a 6-month shutdown.

It is by far the dominant species in Oyster Creek.

Its pediveligers are in-active below 7 */.. at 20' C.

The shipworms native to Barnegat Bay were found at low density throughout Barnegat Bay in the summer and fall of 1980.

l

17. KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT AN ALYSis.

17a6 DESCRIPTORS Thermal Effects Teredo navalis Shipworms Bankia gouldi Oyster Creek i

Teredo bartschi 170. IDENTIFIE RS/OPEN ENDED TERMS

18. AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
19. ECURITY CLASS Au spertl 21.NO. OF PAGES Unclassifigd 2a SECURITY CLASS mh papel
22. PRICE Un1imited s

cine Pone sas (7 77)

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