ML12107A058

NRR E-mail Capture - Pilgrim - a Few Clarification Questions

ML12107A058
Person / Time
Site:	Pilgrim
Issue date:	04/10/2012
From:	Balsam B Division of License Renewal
To:	Crocker J US Dept of Commerce, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration
References
Download: ML12107A058 (366)

Text

NRR-PMDAPEm Resource From: Balsam, Briana Sent: Tuesday, April 10, 2012 2:18 PM To: Julie Crocker Cc: Logan, Dennis; Egan, Joseph; Smith, Maxwell; Susco, Jeremy

Subject:

RE: Pilgrim - A few clarification questions Attachments: NRC Responses to NMFS Questions on Pilgrim_4-10-12.pdf; Pilgrim 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Report.pdf; Pilgrim 2010 Impingement Monitoring Report.pdf

Julie, I attached our partial responses to your questions as well as the 2010 impingement and entrainment monitoring reports for Pilgrim, which my responses reference.

The questions that I have yet to answer concern the thermal plume. I am still tracking down the reference that the NRC used in the SEIS to be able to provide you with a more complete description of the plume. I have noted those items for which I still owe you an answer in the attached document.

Briana

___________________________

Briana A. Balsam Biologist Division of License Renewal Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 301-415-1042 briana.balsam@nrc.gov From: Julie Crocker [1]

Sent: Monday, April 09, 2012 3:51 PM To: Balsam, Briana; Logan, Dennis

Subject:

Pilgrim - A few clarification questions Hi Briana and Dennis -

As we continue to work on the Pilgrim consultation, several questions have come up that I am hoping you can answer or help point me to sources of this information. If it is easier to talk through this over the phone, let me know. I am around tomorrow afternoon and most of the day Wednesday. Most of these questions seek to clarify our understanding of information you have provided to date.

1. Are there any in-water acoustic impacts of the Pilgrim facility? Have any in-water measurements of underwater noise been taken here or at similar plants? The EIS states that "noise has not been found to be a problem at operating plants and is not expected to be a problem at any plant during the license renewal term.

The staff has not identified any new and significant information during its independent review of the PNPS ER, the site visit, the scoping process, evaluation of other available information, or consideration of public comments. Therefore, the staff concludes that there would be no impacts of noise during the license renewal term beyond those discussed in the GEIS." This statement makes it unclear whether there is underwater noise 1

associated with Pilgrim, but it would not rise to the level of being a concern, or whether there is not actually any underwater noise associated with operations. Could you clarify?

2. The dimensions of the thermal plume appear to be described in terms of delta T. Is the 1C delta T the extent change that is detectable? We are trying to use the size of the thermal plume as part of the description of the action area.

3. Section 4.1.3 discusses the 1974 thermal plume study that characterized the surface plume. It states, "For example, water with a delta T of 3C (37.4F) covered approximately 216 acres (ac) in August when the ambient temperature was 17.0C (62.6F), but only 14 ac in November when the ambient temperature was 8.5C (47.3F)." The first part of that sentence is confusing, do you mean that the 216 acre area had water that was 3C greater than ambient or 37.4F greater than ambient or something else?? Also, can you provide the description of the size of the area that had a delta T of 1C at the surface (later text in the EIS describes that area for the bottom)?

4. I also have a question about this statement -- "At the bottom, similar to the surface, the smallest temperature increment measured (1C or 33.8F) covered the largest area (up to 1.2 ac), and water with higher temperatures relative to ambient covered much smaller areas. For example, the highest delta T measured, 9C (48.2F), covered less than 0.13 ac of the bottom" (in 4.1.3) Did that heated area (1.2 acres) have temperatures that were 1C above ambient or 33.8F above ambient, because those would be two very different scenarios!

5. Thermal backwash - Can you describe the size of the plume? The EIS says it is thin and only lasts a few hours but can you describe how far from the discharge canal it extends and its temperature profile (e.g., the size of area with delta T of 3C, 1C etc.)

3. Have there been any jellyfish (leatherback turtle prey) impinged or entrained at Pilgrim? I do not see any listed on table 4-3 on the EIS but it is not clear to me if that table includes invertebrates. Is there a list of the invertebrates that have been impinged or entrained? If it is in the EIS I am having trouble finding it.

4. Zooplankton -- As you know, right whales feed on copepods (mostly Calanus spp.). The EIS states ,

"Entrainment of phytoplankton and zooplankton has not been found to be a problem at operating nuclear power plants and is not expected to be a problem during the license renewal term." Does this mean that no zooplankton is entrained at Pilgrim? And if it is entrained, are there estimates of the annual loss? Also, the EIS refers to studies to characterize the zooplankton in the area conducted in the 1970s (2.2.5.3.3). Have there been similar studies carried out since Pilgrim became operational? Could you clarify what evidence was reviewed to make this determination.... "However, based upon the review conducted by the NRC staff, there is no evidence that the operation of the PNPS cooling system has had an impact on phytoplankton or zooplankton communities, or any resultant effects on the aquatic food web, in Cape Cod Bay."

(from 4.8.1 Cumulative Impacts)

5. Crabs - The EIS states that cancer crabs (Cancer spp.) were the second most impinged invertebrate. Can you provide information on the number of crabs impinged per year?

6. Atlantic herring: The EIS states, "and based on the 2005 Pilgrim monitoring data, the loss to the stock due to entrainment by PNPS appears to be significantly less than 1 percent (Normandeau 2006a)." Was an actual percentage provided in Normandeau 2006a?

7. sand lance - Has there been an assessment of the effects of removal of sand lance like there is for some of the other fish species (i.e., less than 1% of the population or similar types of conclusions?).

Thank you!

2

Julie

__--

Julie Crocker Protected Resources Division Northeast Regional Office National Marine Fisheries Service 55 Great Republic Drive Gloucester, MA 01930 3

Hearing Identifier: NRR_PMDA Email Number: 320 Mail Envelope Properties (Briana.Balsam@nrc.gov20120410141700)

Subject:

RE: Pilgrim - A few clarification questions Sent Date: 4/10/2012 2:17:31 PM Received Date: 4/10/2012 2:17:00 PM From: Balsam, Briana Created By: Briana.Balsam@nrc.gov Recipients:

"Logan, Dennis" <Dennis.Logan@nrc.gov>

Tracking Status: None "Egan, Joseph" <jegan1@entergy.com>

Tracking Status: None "Smith, Maxwell" <Maxwell.Smith@nrc.gov>

Tracking Status: None "Susco, Jeremy" <Jeremy.Susco@nrc.gov>

Tracking Status: None "Julie Crocker" <julie.crocker@noaa.gov>

Tracking Status: None Post Office:

Files Size Date & Time MESSAGE 6297 4/10/2012 2:17:00 PM NRC Responses to NMFS Questions on Pilgrim_4-10-12.pdf 109797 Pilgrim 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Report.pdf 2158000 Pilgrim 2010 Impingement Monitoring Report.pdf 948643 Options Priority: Standard Return Notification: No Reply Requested: No Sensitivity: Normal Expiration Date:

Recipients Received:

NRC Responses to NMFSs Questions on Pilgrim April 10, 2012 Note: A number of answers refer to the following studies, which are being provided to NMFS with these responses:

1. Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2011. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January - December 2010. Submitted to Entergy Nuclear.

April 27, 2011. 323 p.

2. Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2011. Impingement of Organisms on the Intake Screens at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January - December 2010. Submitted to Entergy Nuclear. April 22, 2011. 35 p.

1. Are there any in-water acoustic impacts of the Pilgrim facility? Have any in-water measurements of underwater noise been taken here or at similar plants?

The NRC is unaware of any studies of underwater noise at Pilgrim or any other nuclear facility or evidence that nuclear facilities might cause elevated underground noise levels.

The EIS states that "noise has not been found to be a problem at operating plants and is not expected to be a problem at any plant during the license renewal term. The staff has not identified any new and significant information during its independent review of the PNPS ER, the site visit, the scoping process, evaluation of other available information, or consideration of public comments. Therefore, the staff concludes that there would be no impacts of noise during the license renewal term beyond those discussed in the GEIS."

This statement makes it unclear whether there is underwater noise associated with Pilgrim, but it would not rise to the level of being a concern, or whether there is not actually any underwater noise associated with operations. Could you clarify?

NRC evaluates above-ground noise as it relates to humans. The text that you reference in the Pilgrim supplemental environmental impact statement (SEIS) is based on Section 4.3.7 of the generic environmental impact statement (GEIS), which discusses noise impacts as a human health issue. For issues that the NRC concluded generically in the GEIS, the NRC does not repeat the analysis in the SEIS. You can access the discussion of noise in the GEIS on the NRCs public website: http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/nuregs/staff/sr1437/.

During the NRCs review of Pilgrim, the staff did not find any new and significant information that would call into question the GEISs conclusion, which is SMALL for all nuclear facilities. Click on Volume 1, Main Report.

2. The dimensions of the thermal plume appear to be described in terms of delta T. Is the 1C delta T the extent change that is detectable? We are trying to use the size of the thermal plume as part of the description of the action area.

[answer forthcoming]

3. Section 4.1.3 discusses the 1974 thermal plume study that characterized the surface plume. It states, "For example, water with a delta T of 3C (37.4F) covered approximately 216 acres (ac) in August when the ambient temperature was 17.0C (62.6F), but only 14 ac in November when the ambient temperature was 8.5C (47.3F)." The first part of that sentence is confusing, do you mean that the 216 acre area had water that was 3C greater than ambient or 37.4F greater than ambient or something else??

The sentence you reference contains a temperature conversion error. The corrected sentence should read:

For example, water with a delta T of 3°C (delta T of 5.4°F 37.4°F) covered approximately 216 acres (ac) in August when the ambient temperature was 17.0°C (62.6°F), but only 14 ac in November when the ambient temperature was 8.5°C (47.3°F).

Also, can you provide the description of the size of the area that had a delta T of 1C at the surface (later text in the EIS describes that area for the bottom)?

[answer forthcoming]

4. I also have a question about this statement -- "At the bottom, similar to the surface, the smallest temperature increment measured (1C or 33.8F) covered the largest area (up to 1.2 ac), and water with higher temperatures relative to ambient covered much smaller areas. For example, the highest delta T measured, 9C (48.2F), covered less than 0.13 ac of the bottom" (in 4.1.3) Did that heated area (1.2 acres) have temperatures that were 1C above ambient or 33.8F above ambient, because those would be two very different scenarios!

The 1.2-ac area had temperatures 1°C (1.8°F) above ambient temperatures. It appears that the temperature units were converted assuming a temperature rather than a change in temperature.

5. Thermal backwash - Can you describe the size of the plume? The EIS says it is thin and only lasts a few hours but can you describe how far from the discharge canal it extends and its temperature profile (e.g., the size of area with delta T of 3C, 1C etc.)

[answer forthcoming]

3. Have there been any jellyfish (leatherback turtle prey) impinged or entrained at Pilgrim? I do not see any listed on table 4-3 on the EIS but it is not clear to me if that table includes invertebrates. Is there a list of the invertebrates that have been impinged or entrained? If it is in the EIS I am having trouble finding it.

The 2010 Normandeau impingement report indicates that Pilgrim impinged 744 jellyfish (Phylum Cnidaria) in 1981 and 940 jellyfish in 1983 based on extrapolated totals (see Table 9). However, no jellyfish have appeared in impingement samples since 1983.

4. Zooplankton -- As you know, right whales feed on copepods (mostly Calanus spp.).

The EIS states , "Entrainment of phytoplankton and zooplankton has not been found to be a problem at operating nuclear power plants and is not expected to be a problem

during the license renewal term." Does this mean that no zooplankton is entrained at Pilgrim?

No, this does not mean that no zooplankton are entrained at Pilgrim. This statement refers to the fact that the NRC considers the entrainment of phytoplankton and zooplankton is a generic license renewal issue, so the analysis appears in the GEIS rather than the individuals SEISs (as described above for noise). Section 4.2.2.1.1 of the GEIS discusses entrainment of phytoplankton and zooplankton in more detail. The GEIS concludes that this issue would have SMALL impacts because there is no evidence of reductions of populations of phytoplankton or zooplankton at nuclear plants.

And if it is entrained, are there estimates of the annual loss?

The Pilgrim entrainment monitoring program only monitors for ichthyoplankton. The NRC is not aware of any studies that estimate annual losses of zooplankton at Pilgrim.

Also, the EIS refers to studies to characterize the zooplankton in the area conducted in the 1970s (2.2.5.3.3). Have there been similar studies carried out since Pilgrim became operational?

The NRC staff is not aware of any studies on zooplankton beyond those referenced in the SEIS.

Could you clarify what evidence was reviewed to make this determination.... "However, based upon the review conducted by the NRC staff, there is no evidence that the operation of the PNPS cooling system has had an impact on phytoplankton or zooplankton communities, or any resultant effects on the aquatic food web, in Cape Cod Bay." (from 4.8.1 Cumulative Impacts)

This statement refers back to the conclusion in Section 4.1 of the SEIS, which is based on the conclusion in Section 4.2.2.1.1 of the GEIS and the lack of new and significant information on this issue that would call into question whether the GEIS conclusion should apply to Pilgrim.

5. Crabs - The EIS states that cancer crabs (Cancer spp.) were the second most impinged invertebrate. Can you provide information on the number of crabs impinged per year?

Pilgrim impinged a mean of 273 cancer crabs (Cancer spp.) per year from 1980 through 2010 based on extrapolated annual totals (see Table 9 in the 2010 Normandeau impingement monitoring report). However, impingement has varied widely annually. Pilgrim impinged cancer crabs in only 2 year from 1980 to 1999, but from 2000 to 2010, Pilgrim impinged cancer crabs 9 out of the 10 years.

6. Atlantic herring: The EIS states, "and based on the 2005 Pilgrim monitoring data, the loss to the stock due to entrainment by PNPS appears to be significantly less than 1 percent (Normandeau 2006a)." Was an actual percentage provided in Normandeau 2006a?

Yes, the referenced Normandeau report provided a percentage. The most recent 2010 Normandeau ichthyoplankton entrainment report indicates that the 2010 equivalent adult value resulting from Pilgrim entrainment and impingement would account for about 0.01 percent of the spawning stock by biomass (see pages 84-86 of the report).

For more information on Atlantic herring impingement, refer to Figure 4 in the 2010 Normandeau impingement monitoring report, which depicts the extrapolated totals of Atlantic herring impinged per year from 1980 through 2010 and Table 3, which provides the extrapolated total number of Atlantic herring impinged each year from 1980 to 2010.

7. sand lance - Has there been an assessment of the effects of removal of sand lance like there is for some of the other fish species (i.e., less than 1% of the population or similar types of conclusions?).

No, Normandeau did not calculate such a percentage for sand lance. Page 34 of the 2010 Normandeau ichthyoplankton entrainment report notes that sand lance have little to no commercial or recreational value, and therefore abundance data are unavailable to compare to the entrainment estimates. However, the 2010 Normandeau ichthyoplankton entrainment report includes entrainment numbers for the sand lance.

The 2010 Normandeau impingement monitoring report also includes information on sand lance.

This report indicates that American sand lance (Ammodytes americanus) is impinged in only some years and at very low numbers (see Table 3 in Normandeau 2011, attached). Other species in the genus Ammodytes are more commonly impinged and also appear in Table 3.

ICHTHYOPLANKTON ENTRAINMENT MONITORING AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION JANUARY - DECEMBER 2010 Submitted to Entergy Nuclear Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Plymouth, Massachusetts by Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Falmouth, Massachusetts April 27, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE I

SUMMARY

1 II INTRODUCTION 3 III METHODS AND MATERIALS 3 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Ichthyoplankton Entrained - 2010 11 B. Unusual Entrainment Values 16 C. Multi-year Ichthyoplankton Comparisons 18 D. Entrainment and Impingement Effects - Specific 61 E. Lobster Larvae Entrained 113 V LITERATURE CITED 119 APPENDICES A and B (available upon request) i Normandeau Associates, Inc.

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1 Entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharge canal. 7 2 Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the winter-early summer season. Percent of total and summed monthly means for all species are also shown. 12 3 Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the late spring-early spring season. Percent of total and summed monthly means for all species are also shown. 14 4 Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the late summer-autumn season. Percent of total and summed monthly means for all species are also shown. 16 5 Mean monthly densities per 100 m³ of water in the PNPS discharge canal for the eight numerically dominant egg species and total eggs, 2010 (bold line). Solid lines encompassing shaded area show high and low values over the 1981-2009 period. 37-42 6 Mean monthly densities per 100 m³ of water in the PNPS discharge canal for the thirteen numerically dominant larval species and total larvae, 2010 (bold line). Solid lines encompassing shaded area show high and low values over the 1981-2009 period. 43-50 7 Numbers of equivalent adult winter flounder estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 89 8 Numbers of equivalent adult winter flounder estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 89 9 Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries spring winter flounder northern stock abundance data (mean catch per tow) from 1978-2010. 90 10 NMFS spring survey winter flounder mean catch per tow in the Gulf of Maine from 1979-2010. 90 11 Numbers of equivalent adult cunner estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 91 ii Normandeau Associates, Inc.

LIST OF FIGURES (continued)

FIGURE PAGE 12 Numbers of equivalent adult cunner estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 91 13 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic mackerel estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 92 14 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic menhaden estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 92 15 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic menhaden estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 93 16 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic herring estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 93 17 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic cod estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 94 18 Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic cod estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010. 94 LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1 PNPS ichthyoplankton entrainment values for 2010 by species category and month used to determine unusually high densities. 8-10 2 Species of fish eggs (E), larvae (L), and juveniles (J) obtained in ichthyoplankton collections from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-December 2010. 51 3 Ichthyoplankton densities (number per 100 m3 of water) for each samp-ling occasion during months when notably high densities were recorded, January-December 2010. Densities marked by + were unusually high based on values in Table 1. Number in parentheses indicates percent of all previous values during that month which were lower. 52-56 4 Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) collected in the PNPS discharge canal, 1975-2010. 57-60 iii Normandeau Associates, Inc.

LIST OF TABLES (continued)

TABLE PAGE 5 Numbers of winter flounder eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually by stage, 1980-2010. Number and weight of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by four methods is also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow except where indicated. 95 6 Numbers of winter flounder eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS by stage, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods is also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 96 7 Numbers of winter flounder impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods is also shown. 97 8 Numbers of winter flounder impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods is also shown. 98 9 Numbers of cunner eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 99 10 Numbers of cunner eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 100 11 Numbers of cunner impinged at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 101 12 Numbers of cunner impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights equivalent adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 102 13 Numbers of Atlantic mackerel eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 and age 3 fish are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 103 iv Normandeau Associates, Inc.

LIST OF TABLES (continued)

TABLE PAGE 14 Numbers of Atlantic mackerel impinged at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 104 15 Numbers of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and age 3 fish Calculated by two methods also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 105 16 Numbers of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 106 17 Numbers of Atlantic menhaden impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and 3 adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operational flow. 107 18 Numbers of Atlantic herring larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 and age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. 108 19 Numbers of Atlantic herring impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. 109 20 Numbers of Atlantic cod eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. 110 21 Numbers of Atlantic cod impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. 111 22 Numbers of Atlantic cod impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. 112 23 Numbers of lobster entrained and impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers of equivalent adults (82 mm) are also shown. 118 v Normandeau Associates, Inc.

LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX A* Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m³ of water recorded in the PNPS discharge canal by species, date, and replicate, January-December 2010.

B* Geometric mean monthly densities and 95% confidence limits per 100 m³ of water for the dominant species of fish eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS, January-December 1981-2010.

• Available upon request.

vi Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring SECTION I

SUMMARY

Sampling of entrained ichthyoplankton at PNPS in 2010 followed the revised protocol initiated in April 1994. In January, February, and October through December three samples were taken every other week each month, weather permitting, for a total of six per month. In March through September samples were taken three times every week in conjunction with the impingement monitoring study, except on March 1st and 3rd due to a severe storm and September 3rd due to Hurricane Earl moving up along the New England coast.

A total of 40 species of fish were represented in the January-December samples, slightly higher than the 35-year mean (39 species). Winter-early spring (January - April) samples were dominated by Gadidae-Glyptocephalus, Labridae-Limanda, windowpane, fourbeard rockling, and American plaice eggs along with sand lance, grubby, rock gunnel, and Atlantic seasnail larvae. Late spring-early summer collections, taken from May through July, were dominated by tautog-cunner-yellowtail flounder, fourspot flounder-windowpane, fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish, and Atlantic mackerel eggs along with cunner, winter flounder, radiated shanny, tautog, fourbeard rockling, yellowtail flounder, and Atlantic menhaden larvae. Late summer-autumn collections (August - December) were dominated by the tautog-cunner-yellowtail, silver hake-scup-weakfish, fourspot flounder-windowpane, and fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish egg groups, along with cunner, tautog, Atlantic menhaden, hake, fourbeard rockling, fourspot flounder, windowpane, and silver hake larvae.

Comparisons of ichthyoplankton densities over the 1975-2009 time series suggested that, in most cases, numbers in 2010 were consistent with those recorded since sampling began at PNPS in 1975. Species that appeared abundant in 2010 compared with past years included searobin and fourspot flounder-windowpane eggs and tautog larvae. In contrast, Atlantic mackerel eggs and larval seasnail, rock gunnel, and sand lance densities were relatively low.

Unusually high entrainment densities, based on historical results (defined under PNPSs sampling plan), were identified on 76 occasions in 2010 and involved six species of eggs and ten species of larvae. High abundance episodes were generally scattered among species and over time, and were of short duration.

Entrainment and impingement of winter flounder, cunner, Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic cod were examined in some detail dating back to 1980 1 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring using equivalent adult (EA) procedures. These estimates were compared to commercial and recreational landings, and local stock size estimates where available. Equivalent adult estimates for winter flounder eggs and larvae entrained in 2010 were 6,293 age 3 adults compared with a 1980-2009 average of 13,629 assuming 100% entrainment mortality. When entrainment survival was included in the calculations, estimates decreased to 4,292 age 3 adults in 2010 compared to a time series average of 9,206. An additional 112 age 3 equivalent adults were estimated from the number of winter flounder impinged in 2010. The number of equivalent age 3 adults impinged declined to 88 when impingement survival was included in the calculations.

The EA estimate for cunner entrained in 2010 was 562,953 fish assuming 100%

entrainment mortality. The 2010 cunner equivalent adult estimates decreased to 128,357 fish when entrainment survival was included in the calculations. An additional 442 equivalent adult cunner were impinged in 2010 that declined to 393 equivalent adults after adjustment for impingement survival. Atlantic mackerel equivalent adults attributable to entrainment in 2010 amounted to 316 age 1 fish or 114 age 3 fish based on two sets of survival values. Atlantic mackerel are swift swimmers and are not often impinged at PNPS. EA values for Atlantic menhaden were 1,004 age 2 fish in 2010 assuming 100% entrainment mortality, with an additional 355 age 2 equivalents estimated to have been impinged in 2010. The number of age 2 menhaden declined to 532 fish when adjusted for entrainment survival. Atlantic menhaden are sensitive to impingement and were assumed to have zero survival. Atlantic herring larvae entrained in 2010 were equivalent to 8,043 age 1 or 3,260 age 3 fish. Impingement, generally contributed little to herring equivalent adults at PNPS. Atlantic herring were assumed to have zero entrainment and impingement survival. Lastly, EA values for Atlantic cod were 664 age 2 fish, with an additional 36 equivalent age 2 Atlantic cod estimated to have been impinged in 2010 at PNPS. Atlantic cod were assumed to have zero entrainment survival. Equivalent age 2 cod declined to 32 when impingement survival was included in the calculations.

Twenty-seven lobster larvae were collected at PNPS during the January-December 2010 entrainment sampling period, resulting in an estimated total of 766,221 entrained larvae. The equivalent adult (82 mm CL) estimates for lobster larvae entrained in 2010 were 15 lobsters with an additional 238 equivalent adult lobsters attributed to impingement.

2 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring SECTION II INTRODUCTION This report summarizes the results of ichthyoplankton entrainment sampling conducted at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) from January through December 2010 by Normandeau Associates, Inc. for Entergy Nuclear under Contract No. 50014600, in compliance with environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of the PNPS NPDES Permit (U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection).

Included here is a brief summary of the dominant taxa collected over the course of the year, a review of long-term trends for the dominant fish eggs and larvae, and an assessment of numbers entrained for six key species, winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus), and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

SECTION III METHODS AND MATERIALS Monitoring Entrainment sampling at PNPS, begun in 1974, was originally completed twice per month during January and February, October-December; weekly during March through September; in triplicate at low tide. The sampling regime was modified beginning in April 1994; the revised program exchanged replication for improved temporal coverage and has been followed every year since then. In January, February, and October through December during two alternate weeks each month single samples were taken on three separate occasions.

Beginning with March and continuing through September single samples were taken three times every week. During autumn and winter months when sampling frequency was reduced, sampling was postponed during onshore storms due to heavy detrital loads. The delayed sample was taken during the subsequent week; six samples were ultimately taken each month.

To minimize costs, sampling was linked to the impingement monitoring program so that collections were made Monday morning, Wednesday afternoon, and Friday night regardless of tide (see Impingement Section). All sampling was completed with a 60-cm diameter plankton net streamed from rigging mounted approximately 30 meters from the headwall of the discharge canal (Figure 1). In instances where the net rigging mount failed, a temporary rigging was 3 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring installed and sampling continued. Standard mesh was 0.333-mm except from late March through late May when 0.202-mm mesh was employed to improve retention of early-stage larval winter flounder. Sampling time in each case varied from 8 to 30 minutes depending on tide, higher tide requiring a longer interval due to lower discharge stream velocities. In most cases, a minimum quantity of 100 m³ of water was sampled although at astronomically high tides it proved difficult to collect this amount even with long sampling intervals since the net would not inflate in the low current velocity near high tide. Exact filtration volumes were calculated using a General Oceanics Model 2030R digital flowmeter mounted in the mouth of the net. Near times of high water a 2030 R2 rotor was employed to improve sensitivity at low velocities.

All samples were preserved in 10% Formalin-seawater solutions and returned to the laboratory for microscopic examination. A detailed description of laboratory and analytical procedures appears in MRI (1988) and NAI (2008). As in past years, larval winter flounder were enumerated in four developmental stages as follows:

Stage 1 - from hatching until the yolk sac is fully absorbed (2.3-2.8 mm TL).

Stage 2 - from the end of stage 1 until a loop or coil forms in the gut (2.6-4 mm TL).

Stage 3 - from the end of stage 2 until the left eye migrates past the midline of the head during transformation (3.5-8 mm TL).

Stage 4 - from the end of stage 3 onward (7.3-8.2 mm TL).

Similarly larval cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were enumerated in three developmental stages:

Stage 1 - from hatching until the yolk sac is fully absorbed (1.6-2.6 mm TL).

Stage 2 - from the end of stage 1 until dorsal fin rays become visible (1.8-6.0 mm TL).

Stage 3 - from the end of stage 2 onward (6.5-14.0 mm TL).

Samples were examined in their entirety for larval American lobster (Homarus americanus). When collected these were staged following Herrick (1911).

Unusual Entrainment Levels When the Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton study was completed in 1976, provisions were added to the entrainment monitoring program to identify unusually high densities of fish eggs and larvae. Prior to 1994 "unusually abundant" was defined as any mean density, calculated over 4 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring three replicates, which was found to be 50% greater than the highest mean density observed during the same month from 1975 through to the current year. Restricting comparisons to monthly periods damped the large seasonal variation so readily apparent with ichthyoplankton and allowed tracking densities as each species season progressed. Starting with 1994 "unusually abundant" was redefined. On a month-by-month basis for each of the numerically dominant species all previous mean densities over three replicates (1974-1993) were examined and tested for normality following logarithmic transformation. Single sample densities obtained from 1994-2009 were added to the pool within each month. Where data sets (for example, mackerel eggs taken in June) fit the lognormal distribution, then "unusually large" was defined by exceeding the overall log mean density plus 2 or 2.58 standard deviations.1 Log densities were back-transformed to make them easier to interpret thus providing geometric means. In cases where data sets did not fit the lognormal distribution (generally months when a species was frequently but not always absent, i.e., many zeros occurred), the mean and standard deviation was computed using the delta-distribution (see for example Pennington 1983). The same mean plus standard deviation guideline was applied.

The decision to rely on 2 standard deviations or 2.58 standard deviations was based on the relative importance of each species. The more critical criterion was applied to species of commercial, recreational, or biological interest, the less critical to the remaining species (i.e.,

relatively greater densities were necessary to flag a density as unusual). Species of commercial, recreational, or biological interest include Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, Atlantic cod, tautog and cunner (the labrids; Tautoga onitis and Tautogolabrus adspersus), sand lance (Ammodytes sp.), Atlantic mackerel, windowpane (Scophthalmus aquosus), American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides), and winter flounder. Table 1 provides summary data for each species of egg and larva by month within these two categories showing the 2010 unusually high levels.

A scan of Table 1 will indicate that, in cases where the long-term mean amounts to 1 or 2 eggs or larvae per 100 m³, the critical level is also quite small. This situation occurred during 1

Normal distribution curve theory states that 2.5% of the measurements in a normally distributed population exceed the mean plus 1.96 standard deviations (= s, we rounded to 2 for simplicity), 2.5% lie below the mean minus 1.96 standard deviations. Stated another way 95% of the population lies within that range and 97.5% lies below the mean plus 1.96s. Likewise 0.5% of measurements exceed the mean plus 2.58s, 99% lie within the range of the mean

 2.58s, 99.5% lie above the mean + 2.58s.

5 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring months when a given species was obviously uncommon and many zeros were present in the data set with an inherent small standard deviation. The external reference distribution methodology of Box et al. (1975) was also employed. This procedure relies on a dotplot of all previous densities for a species within each month to produce a reference distribution. Densities exceeding either 97.5 or 99.5% of the reference set values were considered unusually high with this procedure.

6 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Figure 1. Aerial photograph of the entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharge canal.

7 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 1. PNPS ichthyoplankton entrainment values for 2010 by species category and month used to determine unusually high densities. See text for details.

Densities per Long-term Mean + Mean + Previous High 100 m³ of water: Mean1 2 std.dev. 2.58 std.dev. (Year)

January LARVAE Atlantic herring2 0.2 1 3.7 (2006)

Sculpin 0.9 2 17.6 (2009)

Rock gunnel 4.0 7 78.1 (2002)

Sand lance2 5 11 337.0 (1996)

February LARVAE Atlantic herring2 0.5 0.7 5.8 (2002)

Sculpin 2 65 341.1 (2006)

Rock gunnel 5 177 133.0 (1999)

Sand lance2 16 29 372.9 (1995)

March EGGS American plaice2 2 3 19.0 (1977)

LARVAE Atlantic herring2 2 3 30.9 (2005)

Sculpin 17 608 369.9 (1997)

Seasnails 0.6 1 16.9 (2002)

Rock gunnel 10.7 723 882.2 (1997)

Sand lance2 12.5 388 2242.0 (2005)

Winter flounder2 0.4 0.7 16.2 (1997)

April EGGS American plaice2 3 32 70.3 (1978)

LARVAE Atlantic herring2 2 3 83.1 (2005)

Sculpin 15 391 386.2 (1985)

Seasnails 6 8 98.1 (1974)

Radiated shanny 5 7 83.9 (2002)

Rock gunnel 4 142 121.1 (1992)

Sand lance2 21 998 2590.6 (1994)

Winter flounder2 7 12 198.3 (1974)

May EGGS Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 2.6 3.1 63.5(2002)

Labrids2 36 3514 34050.0 (1974)

Atlantic mackerel2 18 4031 19203.0 (1995)

Windowpane2 9 147 603.9 (2008)

American plaice2 2 15 162.4 (2007) 8 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 1 (continued).

Densities per Long-term Mean + Mean + Previous High 100 m³ of water: Mean1 2 std.dev. 2.58 std.dev. (Year)

May LARVAE Atlantic herring 0.7 1.1 15.2 (2005)

Fourbeard rockling 4.1 8 159.7 (2001)

Sculpin 3 4 78.3 (1997)

Seasnails 7 208 164.4 (1974)

Radiated shanny 7 236 266.9 (1998)

Sand lance2 37 59 639.1 (1996)

Atlantic mackerel 2 4 377.6 (1998)

Winter flounder2 9 123 573.8 (1998)

June EGGS Atlantic menhaden2 14 22 799.7 (1998)

Searobins 2 3 128.0 (1987)

Labrids2 958 21599 37282.0 (1995)

Atlantic mackerel2 63 3515 8193.2 (1990)

Windowpane2 27 261 355.5 (1998)

American plaice2 1 3 35.0 (1980)

LARVAE Atlantic menhaden2 6 10 495.9 (1981)

Fourbeard rockling 9 634 224.0 (1992)

Hake 0.3 1 50.6 (1998)

Cunner2 54 87 2215.6 (1998)

Radiated shanny 7 10 290.6 (2004)

Atlantic mackerel2 91 155 2700.0 (1981)

Winter flounder2 10 106 813.5 (1998)

July EGGS Atlantic menhaden2 2 4 59.1 (1978)

Labrids2 615 13349 12917.0 (1981)

Atlantic mackerel2 9 16 119.0 (1981)

Windowpane2 12 156 840.3 (2007)

LARVAE Atlantic menhaden2 6.9 9.3 212.8 (2005)

Fourbeard rockling 6 9 115.8 (1999)

Hake 0.7 1 301.8 (2009)

Tautog2 4.1 5.3 268.6 (1998)

Cunner2 7 318 2162.5 (1981)

Atlantic mackerel2 2 3 60.1 (1996) 9 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 1 (continued).

Densities per Long-term Mean + Mean + Previous High 100 m³ of water: Mean1 2 std.dev. 2.58 std.dev. (Year)

August EGGS Searobins 4 6 89.2 (1995)

Labrids2 23 936 3500.0 (1984)

Windowpane2 15 136 261.3 (2006)

LARVE Atlantic menhaden2 3.6 5.3 760.2 (2008)

Fourbeard rockling 6 10 204.6 (1983)

Silver hake 1 2 157.3 (2009)

Hake 2 4 235.9 (2008)

Tautog2 3.2 4 89.6 (2008)

Cunner2 10 15 254.0 (1997)

September EGGS Atlantic menhaden2 42 112 73.2 (1993)

Labrids2 2 3 112.8 (1993)

Windowpane 11 159 539.6 (2005)

LARVAE Atlantic menhaden2 1.6 42.7 81.0 (1999)

Fourbeard rockling 4 6 68.6 (1993)

Silver hake2 1 2 46.2 (1999)

Hake 5 9 327.2 (1997)

Tautog2 1 2 32.1 (2009)

Cunner2 1 2 42.1 (1993)

October EGGS Atlantic menhaden2 2 6 163.6 (2002)

Windowpane2 1 2 40.2 (2000)

LARVAE Atlantic menhaden2 2.3 4 70.3 (1997)

Fourbeard rockling 1 16 67.9 (1994)

Hake 1 2 13.7 (1985)

November LARVAE Atlantic menhaden2 0.4 1 57.1 (1997)

Atlantic herring2 4 8 124.8 (1995)

December LARVAE Atlantic herring2 2 3 216.7 (1995) 1 Geometric or Delta Mean.

2 Species of commercial, recreational, or biological interest for which more critical unusual event level will be used.

10 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring SECTION IV RESULTS A. Ichthyoplankton Entrained - 2010 Estimated densities per 100 m³ of water for each species listed by date, station, and replicate are presented for January-December 2010 in Appendix A (available upon request). The occurrence of eggs and larvae of each species by month appears in Table 2. Ichthyoplankton collections are summarized below within the three primary spawning seasons observed in Cape Cod Bay waters: winter-early spring, late spring-early summer, and late summer-autumn.

Winter-Early Spring (January-April)

Ichthyoplankton entrained during January through April generally represent winter-early spring spawning fishes. Many of these species employ a reproductive strategy that relies on demersal, adhesive eggs not normally entrained. As a result, more species are typically represented by larvae than by eggs during the early portion of the year. Over both life stages the number of species represented in the catch increased from 6 in January to 16 in April. Egg collections in winter-early spring were numerically dominated by the Gadidae-Glyptocephalus egg group, the Labridae-Limanda egg group, windowpane, fourbeard rockling (Enchelyopus cimbrius), and American plaice eggs. These species accounted for 40, 27, 11, 10, and 8% of the total egg catch during the period, respectively. Gadidae-Glyptocephalus eggs were entrained from January through April with respective monthly geometric mean densities of 0.4, 0.4, 4.0, and 0.3 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Labridae-Limanda eggs were entrained in March and April with monthly geometric mean densities of 0.3 and 3.2 eggs per 100 m3 of water, respectively.

Windowpane eggs were entrained in March and April with corresponding monthly geometric mean densities of 0.1 and 1.5 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Fourbeard rockling eggs were also entrained in March and April with corresponding monthly geometric mean densities of 0.03 and 1.4 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Lastly, American plaice eggs were entrained in March and April with monthly geometric mean densities of 0.5 and 0.8 eggs per 100 m3 of water, respectively.

In the winter-early spring, 16 species of larval fish were collected from the discharge canal. Sand lance, grubby (Myoxocephalus aenaeus), rock gunnel (Pholis gunnellus), and Atlantic seasnail (Liparis atlanticus) made up the majority of the larval fish collected from January to April, contributing respectively, 42, 21, 16, and 5% of the total collected. Sand lance 11 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring were collected from January through April with monthly geometric mean densities of 0.04, 1.4, 3.5, and 15.1 larvae per 100 m3 of water, respectively. Grubby were collected during February through April with corresponding monthly geometric mean densities of 0.3, 3.1, and 5.6 larvae per 100 m3 of water. Rock gunnel were collected from January through April with respective monthly geometric mean densities of 0.4, 2.8, 3.2, and 0.1 larvae per 100 m3 of water. Atlantic seasnail were collected during April with a monthly geometric mean density of 1.9 larvae per 100 m3 of water.

Winter - Early Spring January - April 2010 Eggs Larvae American plaice 7.8% Labridae-Limanda Windowpane Grubby 27.1% Sand lance 10.7% 20.6%

42.3%

All others 5.3%

Fourbeard rockling 9.5%

Rock gunnel 16.2%

Atlantic seasnail Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 5.0% All others 39.6% 16.0%

Sum of monthly means = 16.50 Sum of monthly means = 51.46 Figure 2: Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the winter-early spring season, 2010. Percent of total and summed monthly mean densities for all species are also shown.

Late Spring-Early Summer (May-July)

May through July represents the late spring-early summer ichthyoplankton season, typically the most active reproductive period among temperate fishes. Considering both eggs and larvae, 30 species were represented in the May-July collections, 23 species by eggs and 24 species by larvae. Numerically dominant eggs were the tautog-cunner-yellowtail flounder egg 12 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring group (Labridae-Limanda ferruginea), the fourspot flounder-windowpane egg group (Paralichthys oblongus-Scophthalmus aquosus), the fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish egg group (Enchelyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus) and Atlantic mackerel (Figure 3). Tautog-cunner-yellowtail flounder eggs accounted for 85.5% of the late spring-early summer egg catch, and peaked in June at a geometric mean density of 1616.6 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Labrid egg measurement studies completed at PNPS suggested that the majority of labrid eggs collected near PNPS are cunner (Scherer 1984). Labrid eggs far exceed yellowtail eggs during the period when they are indistinguishable from each other. Fourspot-windowpane eggs accounted for 5.2% of the seasonal egg catch, and peaked in June with a geometric mean density of 74.9 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish eggs accounted for 3.6% of the late spring-early summer egg catch, and peaked in June with a geometric mean density of 28.0 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Atlantic mackerel eggs accounted for 2.7% of the seasonal egg catch and also peaked in June when they were collected at a mean density of 25.0 eggs per 100 m³ of water.

Numerically dominant larvae during late spring-early summer collections were cunner, winter flounder, radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata), tautog, fourbeard rockling, yellowtail flounder, and Atlantic menhaden (Figure 3). Cunner accounted for 34.8% of the seasonal total, winter flounder for 13.0%, radiated shanny for 10.8%, tautog for 7.3%, fourbeard rockling for 7.0%, yellowtail flounder for 4.9%, and menhaden for 4.9%. Cunner larvae were observed in June and July with monthly geometric mean densities of 1.8 and 31.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water, respectively. Winter flounder larvae were collected in May and June with monthly mean densities of 5.8 and 1.5 larvae per 100 m³ of water. Radiated shanny were observed from May through July with corresponding monthly means of 5.3, 2.3, and 0.3 per 100 m³ of water. Tautog larvae were collected from May through July with respective monthly mean densities of 0.6, 0.6, and 6.1 per 100 m³ of water. Fourbeard rockling were most abundant in June with a monthly mean density of 2.0 per 100 m³ of water. Yellowtail flounder larvae were most abundant in May with a monthly mean density of 2.0 per 100 m³ of water. Lastly, Atlantic menhaden larvae were most abundant in July with a monthly geometric mean density of 3.1 per 100 m³ of water.

13 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Late Spring - Early Summer Season May - July 2010 Eggs Larvae TautogCunnerYellowtail Winter flounder 85.5% 13.0%

Radiated shanny 10.8%

Cunner Yellowtail flounder 34.8%

4.9%

Tautog 7.3%

All others Fourbeard rockling All others 3.1% 7.0%

FourspotWindowpane 17.3%

Atlantic menhaden 5.2% RocklingHakeButterfish 4.9%

Atlantic mackerel 3.6%

2.7%

Sum of monthly means = 2989.68 Sum of monthly means = 94.37 Figure 3. Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the late spring-early summer season, 2010. Percent of total and summed monthly mean densities for all species are also shown.

Late Summer - Autumn (August - December)

This season is typically marked by a decline in both overall ichthyoplankton density and in the number of species collected. Considering egg and larval stages combined, 27 species were collected during the August through December period; 21 species in August declined to 3 species in December. Numerically dominant eggs were the tautog-cunner-yellowtail, silver hake-scup-weakfish, fourspot flounder-windowpane, and fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish egg groups.

Seasonal percentages for these egg groups were 34%, 34%, 15%, and 12%, respectively (Figure 4). Tautog-cunner-yellowtail flounder eggs were present in August through October, the highest geometric mean density occurred in August at 28.9 eggs per 100 m3 of water. Silver hake-scup-weakfish eggs were present from August through October and peaked in August at 19.2 eggs per 100 m³ of water. Fourspot flounder-windowpane eggs occurred from August through October and peaked in August (13.8 egg per 100 m³ of water). Lastly, fourbeard rockling-hake-butterfish eggs were collected from August through November and peaked in August (14.2 eggs 14 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring per 100 m³ of water). Larval dominants in the late summer-autumn season were cunner, tautog, Atlantic menhaden, hake, fourbeard rockling, fourspot flounder, windowpane, and silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis). Seasonal percentages for these species were 26, 13, 9, 8, 8, 6, 6, and 5%, respectively (Figure 4). Cunner were collected from August through October with corresponding geometric mean densities of 5.0, 0.3, and 0.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water. Tautog were collected in August through October with geometric mean densities of 1.3, 2.8, and 0.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water, respectively. Atlantic menhaden occurred from August through October at geometric mean densities of 0.4, 1.3, and 0.5 larvae per 100 m³ of water. Hake were present from August through October at geometric mean densities of 1.8, 0.9, and 0.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water. Fourbeard rockling occurred from August through November. Peak density occurred in August with a geometric mean of 1.7 larvae per 100 m³. Fourspot flounder were collected from August through October. The peak density occurred in August at 1.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water. Windowpane were present from August through October and peaked in September at 1.1 larvae per 100 m³ of water, respectively. Lastly, silver hake were observed in August and September, and peaked in August at a mean density of 1.7 larvae per 100 m³ of water.

15 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Late Summer - Autumn Season August - December 2010 Eggs Larvae Altantic menhaden HakeScupWeakfish Hake Fourspot flounder 9.0% Silver hake 33.7% 8.3%

6.2% 5.4%

FourspotWindowpane 14.8%

Rockling All others Cunner 7.7%

5.2% 26.3%

RocklingHakeButterfish 12.0% All others 19.0%

TautogCunnerYellowtail Tautog 34.3% 12.5%

Windowpane 5.6%

Sum of monthly means = 148.89 Sum of monthly means = 35.08 Figure 4. Dominant species of fish eggs and larvae found in PNPS ichthyoplankton samples during the late summer-autumn season, 2010. Percent of total and summed monthly mean densities for all species are also shown.

B. Unusual Entrainment Values Ichthyoplankton densities reached the unusually high level, as defined under Methods, during the 2010 sampling season on 76 specific occasions and involved fourteen species (Table 3). These species were Atlantic herring, seasnail, winter flounder, radiated shanny, windowpane, Atlantic menhaden, searobins, American plaice, hake, Atlantic mackerel, fourbeard rockling, silver hake, and labrid species. Several species recorded unusually high densities either on several occasions or during more than a single month. In general, unusually high densities were sporadic and of short duration.

Atlantic herring larvae reached unusually high entrainment numbers on six occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The March 17th density (6.9 larvae per 100 m3 of water) exceeded 94% of all previous March densities.

Seasnail larvae occurred at unusually high densities on two occasions in 2010 (Table 3),

the April 23rd density (19.7 larvae per 100 m3) exceeded 95% of all previous April densities.

16 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Radiated shanny larvae were collected at unusually high densities on three occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The April 30th density of 10.3 larvae per 100 m3 of water exceeded 95% of all previous April densities.

Winter flounder larvae attained an unusually high density once in 2010 on April 23rd (17.8 larvae per 100 m3 of water) exceeding 95% of all previous April densities (Table 3).

Labrid eggs were observed at unusually high densities on four occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The May 31st density (4300.9 eggs per 100 m3) and the September 10th density (28.6 eggs per 100 m3) exceeded 97% of all previous May and September densities respectively.

Windowpane eggs reached unusually high entrainment numbers on five occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The May 24th density (458.7 eggs per 100 m3) and the August 20th density (231.2 eggs per 100 m3) exceeded 99% of all previous May and August values, respectively.

The October 8th density (17.1 eggs per 100 m3) exceeded 95% of all previous October values.

Atlantic menhaden eggs were recorded at unusually high densities on six occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The density of 266.4 eggs per 100 m3 of water on June 25th exceeded 98% of all previous June densities. The July 5th and 7th densities (42.4 and 27.0 eggs per 100 m3 of water) exceeded 99 and 98% respectively of all previous July densities.

Searobin eggs occurred at unusually high entrainment numbers on five occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The June 25th and 30th densities (17.0 and 13.6 eggs per 100 m3 of water) correspondingly exceeded 99 and 98% of all previous June densities. The August 20th density of 26.0 eggs per 100 m3 of water exceeded 98% of all previous August densities.

American plaice eggs were collected at unusually high densities twice in June 2010 (Table 3), with the June 7th density (19.9 eggs per 100 m3) exceeding 99% of all previous June densities.

Hake larvae were attained at unusually high entrainment numbers on eight occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The June 4th density of 2.7 larvae per 100 m3 of water surpassed 95% of all previous June densities. Additionally, the larval density collected on July 30th (4.6 larvae per 100 m3) surpassed 92% of all previous July densities.

Atlantic mackerel eggs reached unusually high densities twice in July 2010 (Table 3).

The July 2nd and 5th densities (29.1 and 22.4 eggs per 100 m3, respectively) exceeded 97and 96%

of all previous July densities.

17 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Atlantic menhaden larvae occurred at unusually high densities three times in 2010 (Table 3). The July 7th density of 19.4 larvae per 100 m3 of water exceeded 90% of all previous July densities.

Fourbeard rockling larvae were collected at unusually high numbers on two occasions in 2010 (Table 3). The August 6th larval density (20.8 larvae per 100 m3) exceeded 95% of all previous August densities.

Tautog larvae were recorded at unusually high densities twenty times in 2010 (Table 3).

The July 7th larval density (22.6 larvae per 100 m3) exceeded 96% of all previous July densities.

The larval densities collected on September 8thand 10th (12.6 and 22.2 larvae per 100 m3, respectively) each surpassed 99% of all previous September densities. The September 15th and 22nd larval densities (8.7, and 9.1 larvae per 100 m3, respectively) surpassed 96 and 97% of all previous September densities.

Silver hake larvae attained unusually high densities on three occasions in August 2010 (Table 3). Larval densities collected on August 20th, 25th, and 27th (8.2, 7.2, and 12.5 larvae per 100 m3 respectively) each exceeded 95% of all previous August densities.

Lastly, cunner larvae appeared at unusually high densities four times in 2010 (Table 3).

The August 6th density (118.9 larvae per 100 m3) surpassed 98% of all previous August densities.

C. Multi-year Ichthyoplankton Comparisons A master species list for ichthyoplankton collected from the PNPS discharge canal for the years 1975 through 2010 is provided in Table 4. A total of 40 species were represented in the 2010 collections, slightly above the 1975-2009 time series mean of 39 species.

Appendix B (available upon request) lists geometric mean monthly densities along with 95% confidence limits for each of the numerical dominants collected over the January-December period dating back to 1981. Geometric means are reported because they more accurately reflect the true population mean when the distribution of sample values are skewed to the right as is commonly the case with plankton data. Generally low values obtained for both eggs and larvae during April-June 1984 and 1987, as well as May-June 1999, were shaded because low through-plant water volumes during those months probably affected the measurement of ichthyoplankton densities (MRI 1994). Entrainment data collected from 1975-1980 remain in an outdated computer format requiring conversion before geometric mean densities can be generated. These 18 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring years were therefore excluded from comparison. To help compare values over the 35-year period, egg data were plotted in Figure 5 for those species whose combined total represented 96% of the 2010 egg catch. For this figure, cod, haddock, pollock and witch flounder eggs were combined in the Gadidae-Glyptocephalus group; rockling, hake and butterfish made up the Enchelyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus group, and labrids and yellowtail flounder were combined in the Labridae-Limanda group. For each category shown, the highest monthly geometric means obtained from 1981 through 2009 were joined by solid lines as were the lowest geometric means, and the area between was shaded, indicating the range of these values. Monthly geometric mean values for 2010 were joined by a solid line. Alongside each plot is a bar graph showing annual abundance indices for each year. These were generated by integrating the area under each annual curve using trapezoidal integration2. One set of bars was based on geometric monthly means and the other, longer time series, on arithmetic monthly means (1975-2010). Appendix B and Figure 6 contain corresponding data for the 13 numerically dominant species of fish larvae, those accounting for 83% of the 2010 catch as well as total larvae (all species combined). As mentioned for eggs, low values obtained for both eggs and larvae during April through August 1984 and 1987 and May-June 1999 were flagged in these figures and omitted from the following discussion.

In many cases densities of fish eggs and larvae vary considerably from year to year. For example, over the 28-year geometric mean time series for Atlantic menhaden eggs, the highest annual abundance index (3,023 in 1993) divided by the lowest (10 in 1992) amounted to 292. In spite of such pronounced variation, no consistent upward or downward trend is apparent over the time series for many species including menhaden and windowpane eggs, sculpin and rock gunnel larvae. Following are noteworthy observations concerning the multi-year time series. Since densities of each ichthyoplankton species rise and fall to zero over the course of each representative occurrence season, interannual comparisons are often conveniently made within monthly periods.

Eggs x Atlantic menhaden 2010 monthly mean egg densities were within the historical range that has been observed from 1981 to 2009, and showed the traditional peaks in egg densities 2

Curve integration results in units of (Numbers x days) per 100 m3 of water.

19 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring in late spring and late summer (Figure 5). The 2010 annual geometric mean abundance index (159) increased compared to the 2007 (98), 2008 (53), and 2009 (6) indices (Figure 5). The 2010 arithmetic mean index (1,104) also increased compare to the 2007 (462) through 2009 (9.6) indices, and is the highest since 1997. Atlantic menhaden eggs were collected at unusually high densities on six occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

x Gadidae-Glyptocephalus eggs were recorded at a new high in March 2010 at a monthly mean density of 4.04 eggs per 100m3 of water (Figure 5). Egg group monthly mean densities showed the traditional seasonal characteristics in 2010 with peaks in early spring and early winter that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 5). Atlantic cod eggs were typically collected in low numbers at PNPS during winter months from 1975-1987 (5 per 100 m3 of water, for example). Following 1987 they became uncommon particularly during January and February. The gadidae-Glyptocephalus group showed a significant decline from 1975 to 1993 (p<0.001), based on a nonparametric sign test (Sprent 1989). This is consistent with the downward trend reported for Atlantic cod and witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) stocks for this time period, apparently resulting, at least in part, from overexploitation (NOAA 1998, NEFSC 1998). In 1998, the annual geometric mean index (163) reached the highest value since 1989 (195) and suggested that this decline had ended, at least locally, since the values for 1994 through 1997 (119, 114, 122, and 105, respectively), appeared stable at about two times the low value recorded in 1993 (51). From 2000-2003 the geometric mean indices increased (194, 237, 212, and 483, respectively), then decreased from 2004-2006 (334, 208, and 128, respectively) and increased in 2007 (172). The 2010 geometric mean index (253) increased from 2008 (140) and 2009 (212; Figure 5). Overall an upward trend was apparent in these eggs from 1999 through 2005, which is consistent with increases in the Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod spawning stock biomass from 1998 through 2004. The decline in eggs observed from 2006 through 2008 followed by the increases in 2009 and 2010 may reflect the decline observed in spawning stock biomass in 2005 followed by the increases in 2006 and 2007. The Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod stock is not considered overfished although overfishing is occurring (NEFSC 2008).

20 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring x Rockling, hake, and butterfish (grouped in their early developmental stages, Enchelyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus; MRI 1988) monthly mean egg densities reached a new December high in 2010 at a density of 0.12 eggs per 100m3 of water, but in general showed the traditional seasonal characteristics observed from 1981 to 2009 in 2010 (Figure 5). Rockling, hake, and butterfish eggs have been uncommon in recent years.

Trend analysis using the longer-term arithmetic time series indicated that a significant downward trend occurred from 1978 through 1996 (p = 0.05) even with a moderate catch in 1995. The 1999 (4,715 and 2,366) and 2000 (7,946 and 4,301) indices suggested an upward trend might have begun, however in 2001 arithmetic and geometric mean indices declined (1,897 and 641, respectively). Although the arithmetic and geometric mean indices improved slightly in 2002 (1,980 and 1,199, respectively), they continued to decline in 2003 (1,915 and 585) and 2004 (953 and 438, respectively). The 2004 index values were the lowest recorded in the time series. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased from 2005 (1,340 and 611, respectively) through 2008 (8,709 and 2,987), and then declined in 2009 (3,019and 1,606, respectively). The 2010 arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased to 4,298 and 2,377; the geometric mean index was above the 1981-2009 time series average of 2,259 (Figure 5).

Fourbeard rockling dominate within this egg grouping based on late-stage eggs as well as larval collections. Since they are a small bottom fish with little or no commercial value, stock size data are not available with which to compare trends. Hake on the other hand contribute to the commercial bottom fishery. The Gulf of Maine and northern Georges Bank white hake stock is considered to be overfished (NEFSC 2008). The northern red hake stock which includes the Gulf of Maine and northern Georges Bank areas is currently not considered overfished. The spring and fall total northern red hake stock biomass indices declined from 2003 through 2006 then increased through 2008 (NEFSC 2011). The low egg collections observed at PNPS from 2001 through 2005 followed by an increase through 2008 is consistent with the trend in the northern red hake stock biomass.

x Searobin (Prionotus spp.) egg monthly densities in 2010 showed the traditional late spring - early summer peak that has been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 5).

Searobin egg abundance has been low in recent years, a downward trend in egg 21 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring abundance has occurred during the 1981 through 2010 time period. A Mann-Kendall trend test at a 95% significance level (D = 0.05) using the geometric mean index supports this downward trend (p = 0.003). The 1981-2009 geometric mean abundance index time series shows an alternating, intermittent rise and fall in abundance between years since 1987. The arithmetic and geometric mean abundance indices increased in 1999 (258 and 123) and 2000 (452 and 290), declined in 2001 (108 and 62) and 2002 (57 and 33), and reached a time series low in 2003 of 1.8 and 1.5, respectively. The arithmetic and geometric mean abundance indices remained low from 2004 (36 and 21, respectively) through 2006 (17 and 8), and then gradually increased from 2007 (39 and 21, respectively) through 2009 (361 and 152). The 2010 indices continued to increase (694 and 319, respectively) and remained above the time series averages of 236 and 146, respectively. The 2010 indices are the highest values recorded since 1987 (Figure 5).

Searobin eggs were recorded at unusually high densities on five occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3). The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MADMF) resource survey trawls showed relatively high searobin abundance during the late 1970's through the mid-1980's followed by a sharp decline through the early 1990's (McBride et al. 1998). The decline in the 1990s appears to be reflected in the PNPS egg data.

x Labridae-Limanda egg monthly mean densities in 2010 showed the traditional late spring

- early summer peak that has been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 5). Labridae (tautog/cunner) eggs, believed to be composed primarily of cunner (Scherer 1984),

appeared to be in a downward trend from the late 1970's through 1994 (Figure 5) although a sign test failed to confirm it using the conventional 95% significance level (p

= 0.055). The arithmetic and geometric indices both showed an increase in density in 1995. The 1995 arithmetic index appeared exceptionally high and disproportionate to the geometric value due to a single high density in June (37,282 per 100 m3 of water), which greatly skewed the arithmetic mean for that month. The arithmetic and geometric indices declined in 1997 but increased again in 1998. The 1998 arithmetic index was disproportionately high due to two high densities in June. The geometric indices declined in 1999 and 2000 (29,885 and 28,156 respectively) and increased in 2001 (40,559). In 2002 both the arithmetic and geometric indices declined (32,754 and 14,709 respectively); the arithmetic mean was the lowest recorded in the 1975-2009 time series.

22 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring The geometric indices increased in 2003 and 2004 (15,438 and 32,693 respectively),

however in 2005 both the arithmetic and geometric indices declined (45,602 and 12,707 respectively). In 2006, the arithmetic index increased (55,672) compared to the 2005 index, however the geometric abundance index (11,534) continued to decline, to the lowest value in the 1981-2010 time series. The arithmetic and geometric indices increased in 2007 (82,258 and 34,322 respectively), declined slightly in 2008 (56,123 and 22,201) and then increased in 2009 (125,164 and 25,288 respectively). The 2010 arithmetic mean index (121,731) decline slightly and remained below the 1975-2009 time series average (127,440). The 2010 geometric index (70,236) increased to the highest value since 1989 and was above the 1981-2009 time series average of 40,009 (Figure 5).

Labrid eggs were recorded at unusually high densities on four occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

The downward trend noted through 1994 was consistent with observations of finfish in the PNPS area as well as impingement collections at the Station (Lawton et al. 1995).

Changes in sampling protocols at PNPS have negated the ability to monitor general cunner population trends beyond 1994, which in the past were sampled by gill net, trawl, and diver surveys. Numbers impinged appeared to systematically decline from 1980 through 1992 (annual totals dropped from 1,043 to as low as 28 in 1992), then increased in 1993 (93) and 1995 (346). They remained high in 1996 (332), which appeared to roughly parallel the egg abundance data. The impingement total for 1997 (41) and 1998 (101) represented a substantial drop relative to the preceding two years and appeared out of step with the ichthyoplankton collections. Cunner impingement dropped in 2002 (59),

increased from 2003 (172) to 2005 (716), declined from 2006 (384) to 2008 (247),

increased in 2009 (895) which was similar to the ichthyoplankton collections. Cunner impingement declined in 2010 (535; See Impingement Section), which appears out of step with the increase observed in the ichthyoplankton collections.

Early stage yellowtail flounder eggs are similar to and grouped with the labrids.

Yellowtail flounder eggs are believed to account for all eggs of the Labridae-Limanda type collected in April since the labrids are not likely to spawn until May. Yellowtail flounder eggs were relatively abundant in April from 1999 through 2002, abundance then declined from 2003 through 2007, increased in 2008, declined slightly in 2009, and 23 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring increased in 2010. The April geometric mean densities were 2.4 per 100 m3 in 1999, 4.0 per 100 m3 in 2001, 1.1 per 100 m3 in 2003, 0.5 per 100 m3 in 2005, 0.1 per m3 in 2007, 1.3 per 100 m3 in 2008, and 1.2 per 100 m3 in 2009. The 2010 April yellowtail flounder eggs geometric mean index was 2.5 per 100 m3 of water. Spawning stock biomass of Cape Cod - Gulf of Maine yellowtail flounder decreased from 2,633 mt in 1990 to 949 mt in 1998, and then increased to 1,797 mt in 2002. The spawning stock biomass declined to 796 mt in 2005 and then increased to 1,922 mt in 2007. The Cape Cod - Gulf of Maine yellowtail flounder stock is currently considered overfished (NEFSC 2008). The decline seen in yellowtail flounder egg abundance at PNPS from 2003 through 2007 followed by an increase in 2008 reflects the overall trend observed throughout the Cape Cod - Gulf of Maine yellowtail flounder stock.

x Mackerel egg monthly mean densities in 2010 showed the traditional late spring peak abundance observed from 1981 to 2009 in June (Figure 5). Mackerel eggs typically display a sharp peak in their seasonal abundance curve often with one or two very high densities. For example, in May 1995 a single density of 19,203 eggs per 100 m3 was recorded on May 26, dropping to 557 eggs per 100 m3 on the 29th. The second highest density occurred on June 9th that year with 4,754 eggs per 100 m3. Due to these brief sharp peaks, arithmetic and geometric indices are often quite far apart (Figure 5).

Mackerel eggs were more abundant from 1988 to 1998 compared to the 1975 through 1987 period. A sign test using the arithmetic index time series supported this upward trend (p < 0.006). In 1999 and 2001, the numbers decreased significantly to 1,135 and 727, respectively. These decreases are likely due to the fact that the main seawater pumps were off for extended periods during the month of May both years, the peak season for mackerel eggs. In 2002, the geometric mean index increased to the second highest value in 10 years (11,850) but then declined in 2003 (3,411) and 2004 (661). The geometric mean index value increased slightly in 2005 (676) and then declined in 2006 (451) and 2007 (311), which was the lowest value in the time series. The geometric mean increased in 2008 (1,106) and 2009 (1,906), and then declined in 2010 (1,127; Figure 5). Entrainment of high densities of mackerel eggs during the 1990s was consistent with a dramatic rise in stock biomass attributable to reductions in foreign fishing and low commercial landings by U.S. fishermen (Overholtz 1993, NOAA 1998, 24 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring NEFSC 1998). The northwest Atlantic mackerel spawning stock biomass declined from 1,359,003 mt in 1972 to 96,968 mt in 2008, and recruitment declined from an average of 2.1 billion age 1 fish from 1962-1984 to 566 million age 1 fish from 1985-2009 (TRAC 2010). The decline in mackerel egg densities observed at PNPS during the last eight years is consistent with the decline in northwest Atlantic mackerel productivity.

x The Paralichthys-Scophthalmus egg group was recorded at new March high in 2010 at a monthly mean density of 0.07 eggs per 100m3 of water. The traditional high monthly mean egg densities observed during late spring from 1981 to 2009 were seen in 2010 (Figure 5). Windowpane eggs are predominant within the Paralichthys-Scophthalmus egg group based on larval collections. The geometric mean indices increased from 1994 (2,216) through 2001 (6,377), declined in 2002 (1,396), increased in 2003 (1,973) and 2004 (2,843), and declined slightly in 2005 (2,074) and 2006 (2,038). In 2007 the geometric mean index increased to 7,294 and then decline to 2,792 in 2008. The geometric mean index increased in 2009 (4,496) and 2010 (5,140), and was above the 1981-2009 time series average of 3,061. The arithmetic mean index increased in 2007 (13,474) compared to the 2006 index (4,300) and then declined in 2008 (6,265). The arithmetic mean index increased in 2009 (7,800) and 2010 (9,000) and continued to be above the 1975-2009 time series average (5,213; Figure 5). Windowopane eggs were recorded at unusually high densities on five occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

In general these eggs have not shown wide variations in number, at least compared with other species regularly entrained. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries spring and fall trawl surveys suggest that stocks gradually increased from 1978 to 1995 but then decreased more or less steadily through 2004. A slight increase seems to have occurred from 2005 to 2007 (Matthew Camisa, MDMF, personal communication). Over that time series catch did not swing over a very wide range, the low being two fish per tow and the high 14 (average of spring and fall surveys). The Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank windowpane stock is considered to be overfished (NEFSC 2008).

x American plaice monthly mean egg densities in 2010 generally showed the traditional seasonal characteristics that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 5). The 25 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring highest geometric mean index value in the 1981-2010 time series occurred in 2004 (450).

The index dramatically declined in 2005 (54), increased in 2006 (113) and 2007 (230),

and then declined in 2008 (113). The arithmetic mean index followed a similar trend declining from 811 in 2004 to 186 in 2005, increasing to 206 in 2006 and 742 in 2007, and then declining to 296 in 2008. Both the geometric and arithmetic mean indices increased in 2009 (375 and 756, respectively) and then declined in 2010 (113 and 173, respectively) dropping below the time series averages (190 and 414, respectively; Figure 5). American plaice eggs were collected on two occasions at unusually high densities in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

Plaice egg abundance at PNPS appears to generally follow trends in adult stock size. Entrainment was low in the mid 1980's when stock size was known to be low (NEFSC 1998, NEFSC 2008), increased from 1987 through 1992, and decreased slightly through 1996 although remained above the low of 1990; then rose again through 2001.

Egg abundance has fluctuated from 2002 through 2007. Relatively strong egg production near PNPS may be accounted for by the strong year class produced in 1992 and a reduction in fully recruited fishing mortality from 1992 to 1999 (NEFSC 2001).

Spawning stock biomass decreased from 10,648 mt in 2001 to 8,560 mt in 2004 and then increased to 15,569 mt in 2007. The Gulf of Maine - Georges Bank American plaice stock is currently not considered to be overfished although the spawning stock biomass is below the target level (28,600 mt; NEFSC 2008).

x Total eggs collected in 2010, all species pooled together (Figure 5), showed the characteristic temperate fish late spring-early summer peak observed during the 1981-2009 time series. The total egg geometric mean abundance index declined in 2005 (20,056) and 2006 (17,694), increased in 2007 (49,697), and then declined in 2008 (36,468). The geometric mean index increased in 2009 (57,933) and 2010 (96,590). The 2006 index was the lowest in the 1981-2010 time series. The 2005 arithmetic mean index (58,440) was the second lowest value in the 1975-2010 time series. The arithmetic mean index increased in 2006 (70,794) and 2007 (106,760), declined in 2008 (80,640), and then increased in 2009 (145,176) and 2010 (147,058; Figure 5). The 2010 geometric index was above the time series average (75,010) although the arithmetic index remained below the 1981-2009 series average (185,827). The low indices recorded in 2005 and 26 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring 2006 may reflect to a large extent the below-average production of fourbeard rockling, cunner, yellowtail flounder, mackerel, and American plaice eggs. The increase recorded in 2010 may reflect above average production of searobins, labrid, and Paralichthys-Scophthalmus eggs.

Larvae x Atlantic menhaden larvae monthly mean densities show the traditional seasonal characteristics in 2010 (Figure 6). Menhaden larval abundance was relatively high from 1996-1999, then noticeably dropped during 2000 and 2001, climbed slightly in 2002 and then dropped again in 2003 and 2004. The 2004 annual geometric mean abundance index (10) and arithmetic mean index (12) were the lowest values recorded in the time series. The geometric mean abundance index increased from 2005 (312) through 2008 (819), then declined in 2009 (320) and 2010 (194) dropping below the 1981-2009 time series average of 264. The arithmetic mean abundance index increased in 2005 (1,022) and 2006 (1,374), then declined slightly in 2007 (1,116), and increased in 2008 (4,048).

The arithmetic mean index declined in 2009 (719) and 2010 (352) dropping below the 1975-2009 time series average of 606 (Figure 6). Atlantic menhaden larvae were collected in unusually high densities on three occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

Atlantic menhaden are coastal migrants that travel in schools that can often be quite dense and are attracted to both intake and discharge currents at industrial facilities.

The great variability in numbers of eggs taken at PNPS probably reflects not only numbers of adults in the surrounding waters but variability in the distance from PNPS at which spawning takes place. Spawning stock biomass increased from 1993 through 1995 (Cadrin and Vaughan 1997), which is consistent with the observed increase in egg and larval densities in 1997 and larval densities alone in 1997-1999. Currently the stock is believed to be healthy (ASMFC 2010) consistent with the relatively high numbers of larvae entrained during the last six years.

x Larval Atlantic herring 2010 monthly mean densities showed the traditional spring and early winter peaks that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Peak abundance of Atlantic herring larvae shift somewhat from year to year due to abiotic 27 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring factors like water temperature. For example, the major spawning for Atlantic herring in the Northwest Atlantic traditionally occurs from late August through November (Collette and Klein-MacPhee, 2002), but during unseasonably cold winters this spawning seasonality usually shifts later into December, as seen in 2003. Atlantic herring larvae were collected in unusually high densities on six occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

Atlantic herring larval abundance indices have proven valuable in management of herring stocks on Georges Bank, Nantucket Shoals, and in the Northwest Atlantic in general (Smith and Morse 1993). The Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank herring stock complex was seriously depleted by overseas fleets during the 1960s and 1970's to the point where no larval herring were found on Georges Bank for a decade (Anthony and Waring 1980, Smith and Morse 1993, Overholtz and Friedland 2002). The stock has increased more or less steadily since 1986 following reductions in fishing pressure to the point where they are abundant on Nantucket Shoals and in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region. The estimated 2008 stock biomass (652,000 mt) is slightly below the BMSY (670,600 mt) but the stock is not considered overfished (TRAC 2009). Larval collections at PNPS from 1994 through 2002 reflect the general increase in stock size, the geometric mean index for those seven years ranking among the top six. In 2003, however, the geometric mean index (32) fell relative to the 2002 index of 147, and represented a fourteen-year low dating back to 1989. The geometric and arithmetic mean indices increased in 2004 and 2005. The 2006 geometric mean index (148) was very similar to the 2005 index (147), however the 2006 arithmetic mean index (349) decreased compared to the 2005 index (602). In 2007 the geometric mean index declined to 9, representing a 1981-2010 time series low. The 2007 arithmetic mean index also declined to 13, representing the second lowest value in the 1975-2010 time series. The geometric and arithmetic mean indices increased in 2008 (72 and 145, respectively), were similar in 2009 (79 and 146), and increased slightly in 2010 to 93 and 185, respectively (Figure 6).

x Fourbeard rockling larval monthly mean densities showed the traditional seasonal characteristics in 2010 that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Larval densities were unusually high on two occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3).

Fourbeard rockling larvae were relatively abundant in 1998 and 1999 due to the 28 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring unusually high densities recorded in July of those years. The annual geometric mean index dropped sharply in 2000 (50), rebounded in 2001 (607), and then declined in 2002 and 2003. The 2003 geometric mean index (47) was a time series low and under one tenth the series average (479). In 2004, the geometric mean index increased (528) relative to the 2002 and 2003 indices. However, the geometric and arithmetic mean indices declined in 2005 (195 and 536, respectively) and 2006 (162 and 346). The 2007 geometric mean index remained essentially unchanged while the arithmetic mean index increased slightly (363). The geometric and arithmetic mean indices increased in 2008 (225 and 522, respectively) and 2009 (330 and 710). In 2010, both the geometric and arithmetic mean indices declined to 194 and 406 remaining below their respective time series averages of 459 and 1,324 (Figure 6). In spite of these swings in abundance, no consistent trend over the times series is evident. As mentioned above under eggs, the rockling is a small bottom fish with little or no commercial value and stock size data are unavailable with which to compare trends.

x Larval hake monthly mean densities in 2010 were within the historical range observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Larval hake densities were unusually high on eight occasions in 2010 (See Section B above, Table 3). Larval hake abundance has been low since 1999. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices declined to time series lows in 2003 (16 and 9, respectively). The arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased slightly from 2005 (28 and 15) through 2007 (62 and 37), and then increased more noticeably in 2008 (1,332 and 217) and 2009 (1,549 and 226, respectively). In 2010 both the arithmetic and geometric mean indices declined (188 and 103 respectively), dropping below their respective time series averages of 789 and 200 (Figure 6). The Northeast Fisheries Center (NEFSC) autumn bottom trawl surveys biomass index suggests that the northern red hake stock biomass gradually increased from the 1970s though 2002, steady declined to 1.16 kg per tow in 2005, and then increased reaching 12.46 kg per tow in 2009. Commercial landings reached a historic low in 2005 of 150 mt. The MADMF fall survey biomass increased from a low of 447 mt in 1987 through the 1990s to a maximum of 3,842 mt in 2000, and then declined from 2002 through 2008. The MADMF fall survey biomass was 1,233 mt in 2009. The northern red hake stock is currently not considered overfished (NEFSC 2011). White hake NEFSC autumn bottom 29 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring trawl survey biomass index declined during the 1990s reaching a near record low in 1999. The biomass then increased from 2000 to 2002 due to the strong 1998 year class and then declined to a very low level (Sosebee 2006). Spawning stock biomass was estimated to be 19,800 mt in 2007 which is below the spawning stock biomass maximum sustainable yield of 56,300 mt. The Georges Bank - Gulf of Maine white hake stock is currently considered as overfished (NEFSC 2008). Time series highs in larval hake abundance at PNPS in 1997 (994) and 1998 (932) may indicate production of strong year classes or simply reflect a localized spawning aggregation. The low larval hake abundance observed in the 2000 to 2007 indices may reflect the declines in biomass of both red and white hake stocks in the Gulf of Maine.

x Sculpin larval monthly mean densities followed historical characteristics with an early spring peak in 2010 (Figure 6). Sculpin abundance has remained relatively stable over the 36-year arithmetic mean time series (Figure 6). A slight increasing trend occurred from 1977 through 1988 and a secondary peak was observed in 1997 (arithmetic mean index = 5,058, geometric mean index = 2,249). After dropping in 1998 to 1,086, the geometric mean index increased in 1999 (1,668) and 2000 (1,528) before declining in 2001 (958). The sculpin geometric mean index rebounded in 2002 (2,428) to the third highest value since 1981 and the highest since 1988. The arithmetic mean and geometric mean indices then declined from 2003 to 2005. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased in 2006 (3,166 and 1,183) but then declined in 2007 (3,044 and 932) and 2008 (844 and 375). The 2008 geometric mean index was a time series low. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased in 2009 (1,949 and 843, respectively) and then declined in 2010 to 513 and 305 remaining below their respective time series averages of 2,446 and 1,266 (Figure 6). The major species within this genus entrained at PNPS is the grubby. Since these fish are small and have no commercial or recreational significance, no stock size data are available with which to compare the larval abundance patterns.

x Seasnail larvae monthly mean densities showed the traditional seasonal characteristics that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Seasnail larvae exceeded unusual density levels twice in 2010 although those values did not produce notably high monthly means (See Section B above, Table 3). Larval seasnail abundance has been low in since 30 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring 1998. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices declined to time series lows of 30 and 27, respectively in 2003. The arithmetic mean index has remained at approximately 40%

of the 1975-2009 time series average (579) since 2004, with an average index of 234 from 2004-2009. The geometric mean index has fluctuated continuously since the low in 2003 ranging from 233 in 2004 to 45 in 2007, and has remained below the 1981-2009 time series average (214) since 2005. The arithmetic and geometric mean indices increased slightly in 2010 to 200 and 92, respectively from 122 and 57 in 2009 (Figure 6). Since these fish typically reach a length of less than 6 inches and have no commercial or recreational significance, no stock size data are available with which to compare the larval abundance patterns.

x Tautog larval monthly mean densities reached a new September high in 2010 with a density of 2.8 larvae per 100m3 of water. However in general, the monthly means densities showed the historical patterns that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Tautog larvae exceeded unusual high density levels on nine occasions in September corresponding to the new September high monthly mean density observed.

Additionally tautog larvae exceeded unusual high density levels on eleven other occasions in 2010, although those densities did not produce notably high monthly means (See Section B above, Table 3). Larval tautog geometric mean abundance reached a five-year high in 2001 (268), followed by a decline in 2002 (73) and 2003 (64), and an increase in 2004 (172). Abundance decreased in 2005 (132) and 2006 (69), and increased from 2007 (79) through 2009 (722). The 2009 geometric mean index was the second highest value in the time series. The geometric mean index declined in 2010 to 337, but remained well above the 1981-2009 time series average of 174. The arithmetic mean indices show a similar increasing trend in 2008 (679) and 2009 (1,198) compared to the 2006 (189) and 2007 (137) values. The 2009 arithmetic mean index was also the second highest value in the time series. The arithmetic mean index declined in 2010 to 538, but continued to remain above the time series average of 346 (Figure 6). The arithmetic mean index (1975-2010) extends over a longer time period than the geometric mean index and historically shows peaks and ebbs from year to year with no apparent long-term trend. Tautog spawning stock biomass declined from 1982 to 2003 (NEFSC 1998, ASMFC 2006a). Recent data indicate that Massachusetts commercial landings decreased 31 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring from 1993 to 2001 and recreational landings decreased from 1988-2004 (Stirratt 2002, ASMFC 2006a). Due to limited data, the Massachusetts tautog stock status is uncertain although it does not currently appear to be overfished. However coastwide tautog are considered overfished (ASMFC 2006a).

x Cunner larval monthly mean densities in 2010 showed the traditional seasonal characteristics that have been observed from 1981 to 2009. Cunner larvae exceeded unusual density levels on four occasions in 2010 although those values did not produce notably high monthly means (See Section B above, Table 3). No consistent long-term geometric mean index trends are apparent for this species. However, cunner larval abundance was low from 2002 through 2007. The geometric mean index declined from 1,697 in 2000 to 115 in 2003. The index increased slightly in 2004 (373), declined again in 2005 (350) and 2006 (259), and then increased from 2007 (294) to 2009 (1,229). The 2010 geometric mean index declined to 1,181 but remained above the 1981-2009 time series average of 1,020 (Figure 6). Arithmetic mean indices for cunner larvae over the time series (1975-2009) also show no apparent trends in entrainment collections, but rather fluctuate between a few years of relatively high abundance followed by years in which cunner larvae were less common. For instance, in 1981 the arithmetic mean index for cunner was 10,701 but then declined sharply to 437 in 1982 and climbed to 2,067 in 1983. The 2010 arithmetic mean index of 2,200 increased slightly compared to the 2009 index of 2,122 but remained below the 1975-2009 time series average of 2,461 (Figure 6). This general fluctuating pattern is repeated throughout the time series and likely reflects a localized, dynamic recruitment pattern for this temperate wrasse. Current stock size data for cunner are unavailable.

x Larval radiated shanny monthly densities in 2010 showed the historical characteristics that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Radiated shanny larvae occurred at unusually high densities on three occasions in 2010 although those values did not produce notably high monthly means (See Section B above, Table 3). Radiated shanny larval geometric mean abundance rebounded in 2000 (239) following a 12-year low in 1999 (73), and reached a seven year high in 2002 (651). The geometric mean index declined in 2005 (101) ending the 5-year increase in abundance, and remained low in 2006 (113) and 2007 (103). The geometric mean index increased in 2008 (456) and 2009 32 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring (700) and then declined in 2010 to 274, dropping below the 1981-2009 time series average of 384. The 2010 arithmetic mean index also decreased to 462 which was below the 1975-2009 time series average of 834 (Figure 6). Since this is a small, rather inconspicuous bottom fish, relatively little is known of its habits and data are not available concerning population trends.

x Rock gunnel larval monthly mean densities were collected at a new April low in 2010 with a density of 0.06 larvae per 100m3 of water. However in general, the monthly means densities showed the traditional patterns observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6).

Rock gunnel larvae were collected in above-average numbers from 2000 to 2002 but then declined in 2003 and have since remained relatively low. The 2010 geometric mean index (195) declined compared to the 2009 index (351) and continued to remain below the time series average (933). The arithmetic mean index has also shown a low relative abundance since 2003. The 2010 arithmetic mean index (408) was also below the 1975-2009 arithmetic mean index time series average of 1,725 (Figure 6). Overall, however, there was no obvious or statistically significant trend from 1975 to 2010, although there appeared to be intermittent highs in relative abundance followed by one or two-year declines with the abundance indices generally increasing over the 1981-2002 time period.

The appearance of rock gunnel larvae from February through April, the three months when they typically are most abundant, fell below the time series mean for these months from 2003 through 2010 consistent with the overall annual indices. Since the rock gunnel is a small bottom fish with no commercial or recreational value, abundance data are not available with which to compare the entrainment estimates.

x Sand lance larval monthly mean densities reached a new November high in 2010 with a density of 0.08 larvae per 100m3 of water, and generally showed the traditional characteristics that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). The geometric mean index increased nearly three-fold from 1994-2006 (mean index = 2,791) compared to 1981-1993 (mean index = 1,054) indicating a general increase in abundance that began in 1991 after a period of relatively low sand lance abundance from 1987-1990. Overall, the geometric mean index peaked in 1996 (6,156) and the arithmetic index peaked in 1994. The sand lance geometric mean index increased from 2004 (1,824) to 2006 (3,195). In 2007 the geometric mean index dropped 94% to 189, becoming the third 33 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring lowest value in the time series and the lowest value since 1988. The 2007 arithmetic mean index (397) also declined 95% from 2006 (7,998) and was the lowest value since 1989. The geometric mean and arithmetic mean indices increased in 2008 (2,911 and 7,223, respectively) and then declined in 2009 (728 and 1,696) and 2010 (633 and 1,0101) dropping below their respective time series averages of 1,856 and 3,854 (Figure 6).

Sand lance play an important role in community ecology since they are a major prey source for a number of finfish species including several of the dominant species discussed above: mackerel, cod, hake, plaice, and yellowtail flounder (Winters 1983).

Adult sand lance are also a key prey species in the diet of several baleen whales such as humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and finback whales (Balaenoptera physalis) that migrate seasonally to or through Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays and influence these seasonal migrations (Weinrich et al 1997; Hain et al 1995). Traditionally, other dominant prey sources for humpback whales have been Atlantic herring and Atlantic mackerel.

However, as both these prey sources declined in abundance during the late 1970s and early 1980s, humpback whales began targeting sand lance as their main prey source for this region (Kenney et al 1996). Unfortunately, sand lance have little to no commercial or recreational value, and therefore abundance data are unavailable to compare to the entrainment estimates.

x Atlantic mackerel larval monthly mean densities in 2010 were within the historical range that has been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). Peak larval abundance historically occurs in May and June with time series average geometric means of 0.63 and 8.4 per 100 m³ of water, respectively. The 2010 May and June geometric means continued to be below these averages with densities of 0.0 per 100 m³ of water in May and 0.59 in June.

Mackerel larvae, like their eggs discussed above, typically display a sharp peak in their abundance curve often with one or two very high densities. Due to these brief sharp peaks, arithmetic and geometric indices are often quite far apart (Figure 6). The arithmetic mean index generally increased from 1975 until 1995 and then declined.

Peaks in abundance occurred in 1981 (10,030) and 1995 (12,086). The 2008 arithmetic mean index (39) declined from the 2006 (565) and 2007 (387) values. The arithmetic mean increased slightly in 2009 (68) but then declined in 2010 (37) and continued to be 34 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring below the time series average (1,601). The arithmetic mean index has been below the time series average since 1999. The mackerel larval geometric mean index increased in 2001 (159) from 2000 (131) but then declined in 2002 (70) and 2003 (36). A 5-year high occurred in 2004 when the geometric mean index reached 251, but then declined in 2005 (95). The geometric mean index increased slightly in 2006 (139), declined in 2007 (105) and 2008 (20), and then increased slightly in 2009 (30). In 2010 the geometric mean index decreased to 18, the fourth lowest value in the 1981-2010 time series, and was well below the 1981-2009 series average of 286 (Figure 6). The northwest Atlantic mackerel spawning stock biomass declined from 1,359,003 mt in 1972 to 96,968 mt in 2008, and recruitment declined from an average of 2.1 billion age 1 fish from 1962-1984 to an average of 566 million age 1 fish from 1985-2009 (TRAC 2010). The decline in mackerel larvae densities observed at PNPS since 1999 is consistent with the current decline in the northwest Atlantic mackerel spawning stock biomass.

x Winter flounder larvae, a species of considerable recreational and commercial interest and value, are typically among the numerically dominant members of the larval fish community around PNPS in May and the first part of June. Winter flounder larval monthly mean densities generally showed the traditional seasonal patterns that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6) although a single individual was collected in August in 2010. Winter flounder larvae were recorded at an unusually high density of 17.8 larvae per 100 m3 of water in April 2010 which did not produce a notably high monthly mean (See Section B above, Table 3). The annual geometric mean curve area index reached a high of 2,307 in 2001. This high was followed by a decline in 2002 (575) and 2003 (195), a slight increase in 2004 (539), and then a decline from 2005 (492) through 2007 (172). The geometric mean index increased in 2008 (264) and 2009 (272),

then declined in 2010 to 258 and remained below the 1981-2009 time series mean of 481.

The arithmetic mean index increased in 2004 (3,047); declined in 2005 (2,009) and 2006 (429); and then increased from 2007 (480) through 2009 (1,422). The arithmetic mean index declined in 2010 (593) and was well below the 1975-2009 time series average of 1,162 (Figure 6). Overall these indices varied without trend over the time series.

The Southern New England/Mid-Atlantic winter flounder stock, including offshore Cape Cod, continues to be overfished (NEFSC 2008, Mayo and Terceiro 2005).

35 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring The 2002 year class was estimated to be very small at only 4.4 million fish; it was followed by an average size year class (21.6 million) in 2003 (Mayo and Terceiro 2005).

The 2006 year class was estimated to be the smallest on record (1981 to 2007) at 3.6 million fish and was followed by a small 2007 year class estimated to be 8.8 million fish The 2007 spawning stock biomass was estimated to be 3,368 mt (NEFSC 2008). The Gulf of Maine winter flounder stock appeared to be doing better than the Southern New England stock; this stock was considered to have been rebuilding since 1995 (NEFSC 2003, Mayo and Terceiro 2005) and was listed as not being overfished (Mayo and Terceiro 2005). However, in the most recent stock assessment a high degree of uncertainty in stock status determination exists although all models suggest that current spawning stock biomass is below the spawning stock biomass maximum sustainable yield value. The Gulf of Maine winter flounder stock is now considered to likely be overfished (NEFSC 2008). See additional information below.

x The total for all larvae combined in 2010 showed the traditional seasonal patterns that have been observed from 1981 to 2009 (Figure 6). The 2010 total larval arithmetic mean index (8,472) declined compared to the 2008 (24,825) and 2009 (23,411) indices and was well below the 1975-2009 time series average (21,179). The 2010 geometric mean index (5,521) also declined compared to the 2008 (11,264) and 2009 (11,773) indices and was considerably below the 1981-2009 time series average (11,147; Figure 6).

36 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Figure 5. Geometric mean monthly densities per 100 m3 of water in the PNPS discharge canal for the eight numerically dominant egg species and total eggs, 2010 (bold line). Solid lines encompassing shaded area show high and low values over the 1981-2009 period.

Brevoortia tyrannus Labridae-Limandas Gadidae-Glyptocephalus Scomber scombrus Enchelyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus Paralichtys-Scopthalmus Prionotus spp. Hippoglossoides platessoides Total eggs To the right are plotted integrated areas under the annual entrainment abundance curves for 1975-2010. An asterisk above 1984, 1987 and 1999 marks the three years when values may have been low due to low through-plant water volumes from April-August. An asterisk above 1976 indicates abundance value may be low due to absence of sampling during January - late April; see text for clarification. Light bars represent indices based on monthly means arithmetic means, solid bars (1981-2009) indices based on monthly geometric means.

Occasionally bars were rescaled to improve readability. The actual value in those cases is printed above the bar.

37 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Brevoortia tyrannus Eggs 100 2000 67,000 23,232 10 1500

 3,023 Abundance Index Density/100 cubic meters 1 

1000

• 2,775 0.1

 

500

• 0.01 *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        

J F M A M J J A S O N D Year Month Abundance Index based on:

High/Low  2010 Arithmetic means Geometric means Gadidae - Glyptocephalus 10 Eggs 2000



 1500

 

1 Abundance Index

 

Density/100 cubic meters

 

 1000 0.1 

• 500 *

• 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001   Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Includes: G. morhua, P.virens, M. aeglefinus, and G. cynoglossus Figure 5 (continued).

38 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Enchelyopus - Urophycis - Peprilus Eggs 1000 30 25 100 Abundance Index (Thousands)

 

 20



Density/100 cubic meters 10

 15 1



10





0.1



5 * * *



0.01 0

75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001   Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Includes: E. cimbrius, Urophycis spp., and P. triacanthus Prionotus spp.

Eggs 100 1400 2,593 1200 10

 1000

• Abundance Index Density/100 cubic meters

  800 1

600

• 0.1 400



• 200

• 0.01 0

75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001         Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 5 (continued).

39 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Labridae - Limanda Eggs 10000 300 1000



250



Abundance Index(Thousands) 100 200



• Density/100 cubic meters



10 150

 *

• 1



100



• 0.1  50 0.01 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001     Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Indes based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Includes Labridae and L. ferrugineus Scomber scombrus Eggs 10000 250 1000 200 Abundance Index (Thousands) 100 Density/100 cubic meters 150



10 

100 1 

50 0.1

• * *

• 0.01 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001          Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 5 (continued).

40 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Paralichthys - Scophthalmus Eggs 1000 14 12 100





Abundance Index (Thousands)

 10



10



Density/100 cubic meters 8



1  6

• 4 0.1



• 2 0.01 0

75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001     Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Hippoglossoides platessoides Eggs 100 1600 1400 10 1200 1000 Abundance Index



Density/100 cubic meters 1

  800



600 0.1 400 *

• 200 0.01 *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001         Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 5 (continued).

41 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Total Eggs 10000 500



1000

 400



Abundance Index (Thousands) 100 

Density/100 cubic meters 300



10 

 *

• 200

 

1 *

  

• 100 0.1 0.01 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001 Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Abundance Index based on:

Month Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 5 (continued).

42 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Figure 6. Geometric mean monthly densities per 100 m3 of water in the PNPS discharge canal for the thirteen numerically dominant larval species and total larvae, 2010 (bold line).

Solid lines encompassing shaded area show high and low values over the 1981-2009 period.

Brevoortia tyrannus Tautogolabrus adspersus Clupea harengus Ulvaria subbifurcata Enchelyopus cimbrius Pholis gunnellus Urophycis species Ammodytes species Myoxocephalus species Scomber scombrus Liparis species Pleuronectes americanus Tautoga onitis Total larvae To the right are plotted integrated areas under the annual entrainment abundance curves for 1975-2009. An asterisk above 1984, 1987 and 1999 marks the three years when values may have been low due to low through-plant water volumes from April-August. An asterisk above 1976 indicates abundance value may be low due to absence of sampling during January - late April; see text for clarification. Light bars represent indices based on monthly means arithmetic means, solid bars (1981-2009) indices based on monthly geometric means.

Occasionally bars were rescaled to improve readability. The actual value in those cases is printed above the bar.

43 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Brevoortia tyrannus Larvae 100 5 4

10 Abundance Index (Thousands)



Density/100 cubic meters 3



1 

 

2 0.1

• 1 0.01

• *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        YEAR J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Clupea harengus 100 Larvae 1600 2,156 1400 10 1200 1000 Abundance Index Density/100 cubic meters 1

 

 800

 600

• 0.1

 400

• 200 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        YEAR J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

44 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Enchelyopus cimbrius Larvae 100 6 5

10 Abundance Index (Thousands) 4

 

Density/100 cubic meters 1 

  3

  

• 0.1 2

• 1 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001     Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Urophycis spp.

Larvae 100 5

• 4 10 Abundance Index (Thousands)



Density/100 cubic meters 3

1 



2



0.1



• 1 0.01 *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

45 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Myoxocephalus spp.

Larvae 100 7 6

10 Abundance Index (Thousands)

 5



Density/100 cubic meters 4

1 

• 3 0.1

  2



• 1 0.01 *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001       Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Liparis spp.

Larvae 100 2500 2000 10



Abundance Index Density/100 cubic meters 1500 1 

1000 0.1 

500

• * *

• 0.01 0

75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001          Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

46 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Tautoga onitis Larvae 100 2000 10 1500





Density/100 cubic meters Abundance Index 1



 1000 0.1

 

500

• 0.01 *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001      

J F M A M J J A S O N D Year Month Abundance Index based on:

High/Low  2010 Arithmetic means Geometric means Tautogolabrus adspersus Larvae20 1000 25,901 100 15



Abundance Index (Thousands) 10 Density/100 cubic meters



 10 1



0.1 5

 *

• 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

47 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Ulvaria subbifurcata Larvae 100 2500 2000 10





Density/100 cubic meters Abundance Index 1500 1 



1000 0.1 500

• 0.01

• *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001         Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Pholis gunnellus Larvae 100 6 5

10 Abundance Index (Thousands)

  4

• Density/100 cubic meters 1

3



0.1 2



• 1 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001         Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

48 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Ammodytes spp.

Larvae 1000 10 26,276 19,511 100 13,432 8

14,944 12,490 Abundance Index (Thousands) 10



Density/100 cubic meters 6



1



 4 0.1

 2 *



• 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001       Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Scomber scombrus Larvae 100 10 12,086 10,030 8

10 Abundance Index (Thousands)

Density/100 cubic meters 6

1



4 0.1 2

0.01

• * *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001            Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

49 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Pleuronectes americanus Larvae 100 6 5

10



Abundance Index (Thousands) 4 Density/100 cubic meters



1 

3 0.1 2

 

1 0.01 * * *

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001        Year J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Total Larvae 1000 60 50 100





Abundance Index (Thousands)

  

10  

40 Density/100 cubic meters



  30 1





• 20 0.1 10 *

• 0.01

• 0 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 0.001 J F M A M J J A S O N D Year Month Abundance Index based on:

Arithmetic means Geometric means High/Low  2010 Figure 6 (continued).

50 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 2. Species of fish eggs (E), larvae (L), and juveniles (J) obtained in ichthyoplankton collections from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-December 2010*.

2010 Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Species Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L Atlantic herring Clupea harengus L L L/J L L L/J Anchovy Anchoa spp. L L L/J Bay anchovy A. mitchilli E E E Fourbeard rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L Atlantic cod Gadus morhua E E/L E E/L E E/L E E E E/L Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus E E E E/L E/L Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod L L Pollock Pollachius virens L E E/L Hake Urophycis spp. E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Striped cusk-eel Ophidion marginatum L L Goosefish Lophius americanus E E E Silversides Menidia spp. L L L L L Northern pipefish Syngnathus fuscus L L L L L L Searobins Prionotus spp. E E E E/L E/L Northern searobin P. carolinus L L Striped searobin P. evolans L L L Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus L E/L L L L E/L Longhorn sculpin M. octodecemspinosus L L L Shorthorn sculpin M. scorpius L L L Seasnail Liparis atlanticus L L L L Black sea bass Centropristis striata L L L L L L Scup Stenotomus chrysops E/L E/L E/L Wrasses Labridae E E E E E E E E E Tautog Tautoga onitis E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Radiated shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata L L L L L Rock gunnel Pholis gunnellus L L L L L Wrymouth Cryptacanthodes maculatus L L Sand lance Ammodytes sp. L L L L/J L/J L L/J Seaboard Goby Gobiosoma ginsburgi L E E/L Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus E E/L E E/L Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus E/L E/L E/L E/L Smallmouth flounder Etropus microstomus E E E E E/L E/L E/L Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus E E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus J L L/J Fourspot flounder P. oblongus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Witch Flounder Glyptocephalus cynoglossus E E E/L E E L E/L American plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides E E/L E/L E/L E/L Winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus E/L E/L E/L L L E/L Yellowtail flounder Limanda ferrugineus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Hogchoker Trinectes maculatus L L Number of species 6 6 14 16 20 27 20 21 19 12 4 3 40

• Occurrence of species in egg groups was based on spawning season and the presence of larvae in samples.

51 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring 3

Table 3. Ichthyoplankton densities (number per 100 m of water) for each sampling occasion during months when notably high densities were recorded, January -December, 2010. Densities marked by + were unusually high based on values in Table 1. Numbers in the last column indicate percent of all previous values during the month which were lower.

Atlantic Herring Larvae Seasnail Larvae March 5 0.0 April 2 0.0 8 0.0 5 0.0 10 0.0 7 0.0 12 1.8 9 0.0 15 0.0 12 1.1 17 6.9 + 94 14 1.8 19 4.5 + 91 16 1.8 22 4.1 + 90 19 14.6 + 91 24 0.0 21 0.0 26 0.0 23 19.7 + 95 29 1.4 26 4.4 31 0.8 28 3.2 30 1.3 Previous high: 30.9 (2005) Previous high: 98.1 (1974)

Notice level: 3.0 Notice level: 8.0 Radiated Shanny Larvae Winter Flounder Larvae April 2 0.0 April 2 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 9 0.0 9 0.0 12 1.1 12 0.5 14 1.8 14 0.0 16 1.8 16 1.8 19 0.0 19 9.7 21 6.8 21 0.0 23 1.3 23 17.8 + 95 26 4.4 26 0.0 28 0.7 28 6.5 30 10.3 + 95 30 0.0 Previous high: 83.9 (2002) Previous high: 198.3 (1974)

Notice level: 7.0 Notice level: 12.0 Labrid Eggs Windowpane Eggs May 3 55.2 May 3 7.8 5 12.3 5 28.5 7 33.5 7 48.8 10 58.2 10 14.8 12 25.3 12 4.2 14 54.7 14 47.1 17 52.9 17 0.0 19 22.3 19 7.1 21 537.4 21 94.4 24 21.2 24 458.7 + 99 26 221.0 26 96.7 28 568.0 28 111.4 31 4300.9 + 97 31 160.6 + 95 Previous high: 34,050.0 (1974) Previous high: 603.9 (2008)

Notice level: 3514.0 Notice level: 147.0 52 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 3. Continued.

Atlantic Menhaden Eggs Searobin Eggs June 2 0.0 June 2 0.0 4 0.0 4 0.0 7 0.7 7 0.0 9 8.6 9 1.3 11 0.7 11 2.0 14 0.0 14 0.0 16 0.0 16 0.0 18 0.0 18 0.0 21 7.4 21 1.9 23 11.8 23 1.1 25 266.4 + 98 25 17.0 + 99 28 13.2 28 7.9 + 96 30 124.0 + 96 30 13.6 + 98 Previous high: 799.7 (1998) Previous high: 128.0 (1987)

Notice level: 22.0 Notice level: 3.0 American Plaice Eggs Hake Larvae June 2 1.9 June 2 0.0 4 10.3 + 98 4 2.7 + 95 7 19.9 + 99 7 0.0 9 2.0 9 0.0 11 0.7 11 0.0 14 0.0 14 0.0 16 0.0 16 0.0 18 0.0 18 0.0 21 0.0 21 0.0 23 0.0 23 0.0 25 0.0 25 0.0 28 0.0 28 0.0 30 0.0 30 0.0 Previous high: 35.0 (1980) Previous high: 50.6 (1998)

Notice level: 3.0 Notice level: 1.0 Radiated Shanny Larvae Atlantic Menhaden Eggs June 2 0.5 July 2 11.6 + 96 4 10.8 + 82 5 42.4 + 99 7 7.1 7 27.0 + 98 9 1.3 9 1.1 11 5.9 12 0.0 14 1.2 14 0.0 16 1.1 16 4.7 + 92 18 1.2 19 0.0 21 0.9 21 0.0 23 0.0 24 0.0 25 1.3 26 0.0 28 19.4 + 89 28 0.0 30 1.0 30 0.0 Previous high: 290.6 (2004) Previous high: 59.1 (1978)

Notice level: 10.0 Notice level: 4.0 53 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 3. Continued.

Atlantic Mackerel Eggs Atlantic Menhaden Larvae July 2 29.1 + 97 July 2 2.9 5 22.4 + 96 5 11.2 + 86 7 0.0 7 19.4 + 90 9 1.1 9 3.3 12 2.2 12 2.2 14 8.9 14 6.7 16 0.0 16 2.4 19 1.2 19 1.2 21 0.0 21 2.5 24 0.0 24 0.7 26 0.0 26 0.0 28 0.0 28 3.5 30 0.0 30 3.7 Previous high: 119.0 (1981) Previous high: 212.8 (2005)

Notice level: 16.0 Notice level: 9.3 Fourbeard Rockling Larvae Hake Larvae July 2 0.0 July 2 0.0 5 18.7 + 87 5 0.0 7 0.0 7 0.0 9 0.0 9 2.2 + 88 12 0.0 12 0.0 14 5.5 14 0.0 16 2.4 16 0.0 19 0.0 19 2.4 + 88 21 0.0 21 0.0 24 0.0 24 0.0 26 0.0 26 0.0 28 1.8 28 0.0 30 1.9 30 4.6 + 92 Previous high: 115.8 (1999) Previous high: 301.8 (2009)

Notice level: 9.0 Notice level: 1.0 Tautog Larvae Searobin Eggs July 2 17.5 + 94 August 2 2.0 5 17.5 + 94 4 0.0 7 22.6 + 96 6 0.0 9 13.1 + 92 9 0.0 12 6.6 + 83 11 7.2 + 93 14 12.2 + 91 13 4.4 16 4.7 16 2.7 19 2.4 18 3.9 21 8.6 + 86 20 26.0 + 98 24 1.5 25 0.0 26 0.0 27 0.0 28 3.5 30 0.7 30 12.1 + 91 Previous high: 268.6 (1998) Previous high: 89.2 (2005)

Notice level: 5.3 Notice level: 6.0 54 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 3. Continued.

Windowpane Eggs Fourbeard Rockling Larvae August 2 11.7 August 2 2.6 4 13.2 4 5.4 6 4.9 6 20.8 + 95 9 9.6 9 0.0 11 39.2 11 5.2 13 57.6 13 0.0 16 33.4 16 0.0 18 19.2 18 3.0 20 231.2 + 99 20 1.4 25 0.0 25 0.0 27 23.5 27 4.4 30 11.2 30 0.7 Previous high: 261.3 (2006) Previous high: 204.6 (1983)

Notice level: 136.0 Notice level: 10.0 Silver Hake Larvae Hake Larvae August 2 1.3 August 2 0.0 4 1.2 4 3.0 6 1.2 6 7.4 + 86 9 0.0 9 1.3 11 1.3 11 7.2 + 86 13 1.9 13 1.9 16 0.5 16 1.1 18 0.4 18 0.0 20 8.2 + 96 20 2.7 25 7.2 + 95 25 0.0 27 12.5 + 97 27 12.5 + 92 30 0.0 30 0.7 Previous high: 157.3 (2009) Previous high: 235.9 (2008)

Notice level: 2.0 Notice level: 4.0 Tautog Larvae Cunner Larvae August 2 0.7 August 2 27.4 + 91 4 5.4 + 86 4 26.4 + 90 6 1.2 6 118.9 + 98 9 0.6 9 9.0 11 3.9 11 0.0 13 4.4 + 84 13 5.6 16 0.5 16 1.1 18 0.0 18 0.9 20 4.1 + 83 20 5.5 25 0.0 25 3.6 27 2.2 27 2.2 30 0.0 30 0.0 Previous high: 89.6 (2008) Previous high: 254.0 (1997)

Notice level: 4.0 Notice level: 15.0 55 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 3. Continued.

Labrid Eggs Hake Larvae September 1 4.1 + 81 September 1 0.0 6 0.0 6 0.0 8 1.6 8 0.0 10 28.6 + 97 10 14.3 + 89 13 2.6 13 3.6 15 2.2 15 0.7 17 4.1 + 81 17 1.4 20 1.6 20 1.6 22 1.3 22 1.3 24 1.0 24 0.0 27 0.0 27 4.2 29 2.1 29 0.0 Previous high: 112.8 (1993) Previous high: 327.2 (1997)

Notice level: 3.0 Notice level: 9.0 Tautog Larvae Cunner Larvae September 1 0.0 September 1 4.1 + 93 6 1.7 6 0.0 8 12.6 + 99 8 1.6 10 22.2 + 99 10 0.0 13 4.6 + 91 13 0.5 15 8.7 + 96 15 0.0 17 2.7 + 83 17 0.0 20 1.6 20 0.0 22 9.1 + 97 22 0.0 24 2.9 + 84 24 0.0 27 5.3 + 93 27 0.0 29 3.2 + 85 29 0.0 Previous high: 32.1 (2009) Previous high: 42.1 (1993)

Notice level: 2.0 Notice level: 2.0 Windowpane Eggs Atlantic Menhaden Larvae October 8 17.1 + 95 October 8 0.8 11 6.5 + 90 11 0.0 14 0.6 14 0.0 18 0.7 18 0.0 20 0.0 20 5.2 + 88 22 0.0 22 3.3 Previous high: 40.2 (2000) Previous high: 70.3 (1997)

Notice level: 2.0 Notice level: 4.0 Atlantic Herring Larvae Atlantic Herring Larvae November 1 0.0 December 6 4.2 + 81 3 4.5 8 8.3 + 86 5 0.0 10 0.7 15 12.7 + 86 17 0.0 17 0.0 19 1.3 Previous high: 216.7 (1995)

Notice level: 3.0 Previous high: 124.8 (1995)

Notice level: 8.0 56 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 4. Species of fish eggs (E), and larvae (L) collected in the PNPS discharge canal, 1975-2010. General periods of occurrence for eggs and larvae combined are shown along the right side; for the dominant species, periods of peak abundance are also shown in parentheses.

Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1

Anguilla rostrata J J J J J J J J J Conger oceanicus Alosa spp. L L J L L J Brevoortia tyrannus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Clupeas harengus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Anchoa spp. L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L A. hepsetus A. mitchilli E E E E E/L E E E E E E E Osmerus mordax L L L L L E/L L L L L L L E/L L L L L Brosme brosme E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E E Enchelyopus cimbrius E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Gadus morhua E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Melanogrammus aeglefinus L E/L E/L E/L L L E E E E Merluccius bilinearis E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Microgadus tomcod L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Pollachius virens E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L L L E/L L E/L L L L L E/L L L Urophycis spp. E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Ophidion marginatum L L Lophius americanus E/L E E/L E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Strongylura marina L Fundulus spp. E E F. heteroclitus E F. majalis J E Menidia spp. L L L L E/L E/L E E/L L L L L L L L L L L L L M. menidia E/L E/L E L E E Syngnathus fuscus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Sebastes norvegicus L Prionotus spp. E/L E E E E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E E E E/L E E Hemitripterus americanus L L Myoxocephalus spp. L L L L L L L L E/L L E/L L L L E/L L E/L L L L L M. aenaeus L L L L L L L L L L L L E/L L L L L M. octodecemspinosus L L L L L L L L L E/L L L L L L L M. scorpius L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Aspidophoroides monopterygius L L L L Cyclopterus lumpus L L L L E L L L L E/L E/L L L L Liparis spp. L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L. atlanticus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L 57 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 4 (continued).

Species 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 L. coheni L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Centropristis striata L L L L L L L L L L L L Cynoscion regalis L L L Stenotomus chrysops L L L E L L L L L Menticirrhus saxatilis L L Labridae E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Tautoga onitis L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Tautogolabrus adspersus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Lumpenus lumpretaeformis L L L L L L L L L Ulvaria subbifurcata L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Pholis gunnellus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Cryptacanthodes maculatus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Ammodytes sp. L L L L E/L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Gobiosoma ginsburgi L L L L L L Scomber scombrus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Peprilus triacanthus E/L E/L E/L E E E/L E/L L E/L E/L L E E/L E/L L E/L L L E/L Etropus microstomus L L E E/L E E E E E E/L Paralichthys dentatus E/L E/L L E/L E L E/L E E/L P. oblongus 3 E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E\L E\L E/L E/L Scophthalmus aquosus 3 E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Glyptocephalus cynoglossus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Hippoglossoides platessoides E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Pleuronectes americanus E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L P. putnami L E/L L Limanda ferrugineus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Trinectes maculatus E E E E E E E/L E/L E Sphoeroides maculatus L L 4

Number of Species 41 36 43 35 37 35 40 38 37 34 42 37 36 41 40 42 34 36 38 39 42 1

J = Juvenile 2

Absent August and September; peaks = March-May and November-December.

3 Although these eggs were not identified specifically, they were assumed to have occurred as shown based on the occurrence of larvae.

4 For comparative purposes three species of Myoxocephalus were assumed for 1975-1978 and two species of Liparis for 1975-1980.

58 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 4 (continued).

Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Period of Occurrence Anguilla rostrata J J J L L L L L L L L Feb - Sep Conger oceanicus L Jul Alosa spp. L L L/J May - Jul Brevoortia tyrannus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L/J E/L/J E/L/J E/L/J E/L/J E/L Apr(Jun) - (Oct)Dec 2

Clupeas harengus L L L L L E/L L L L L/J L/J L/J L L/J L/J Jan - Dec Anchoa spp. L L L L E/L E L L L L/J L/J L Jun - Sep A. hepsetus E Jun - Sep A. mitchilli L E E/L E/L E E E E E E E Jun - Sep Osmerus mordax L L E/L L E L L L L L Mar-Jul Brosme brosme E/L E E/L E/L E/L Apr - Jul Enchelyopus cimbrius E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Apr(Jun) - (Sep)Dec Gadus morhua E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L/J E/L/J E/L E/L/J E/L Jan(Nov) - (Dec)Dec Melanogrammus aeglefinus E L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E E/L Mar - Jul Merluccius bilinearis E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L May(May) - (Jun)Nov Microgadus tomcod L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Jan - Jun Pollachius virens E L E L L E/L E/L E/L Jan-Jun,Nov,Dec Urophycis spp. E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Apr(Aug) - (Sep)Nov Ophidion marginatum L L L L L L L L L Aug - Sep Lophius americanus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E E E E/L E/L E May - Oct Strongylura marina Jul Fundulus spp. Jul F. heteroclitus Jun F. majalis Oct Menidia spp. L L L E/L L E/L L L L L/J L L L L May - Sep M. menidia E/L May - Sep Syngnathus fuscus L L L L L L L L L L E/L L L L L Apr - Nov Sebastes norvegicus L L Jun(Jul)

Prionotus spp. E E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L May(Jun) - (Aug)Sep Hemitripterus americanus L L Feb - Mar Myoxocephalus spp. L L L L Dec(Mar) - (Apr)Jul M. aenaeus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L E/L Jan(Mar) - (Apr)Jul M. octodecemspinosus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Jan(Mar) - (Apr)May M. scorpius L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Feb - Apr Aspidophoroides monopterygius L L L Mar - Apr Cyclopterus lumpus L L L Apr - Jul Liparis spp. L L L L L Jan(Apr) - (Jun)Jul L. atlanticus L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Mar(Apr) - (Jun)Jul 59 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 4 (continued).

Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Period of Occurrence L. coheni L L L L L L L L Jan(Feb) - (Mar)Apr Centropristis striata L L L L L L L L L L L L L L Jul - Oct Cynoscion regalis L E/L L E/L May - Sep Stenotomus chrysops L L E/L E/L L L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L Jun - Oct(Sep)

Menticirrhus saxatilis Jul - Aug Labridae E E E E/L E E/L E E E E E E E E E Mar(May) - (Aug)Nov Tautoga onitis L L L L E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L May(Jun) - (Aug)Oct Tautogolabrus adspersus L L L L E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L May(Jun) - (Aug)Oct Lumpenus lumpretaeformis L L L L Jan - Jun Ulvaria subbifurcata L L L L L L L L L L L L L/J L L Feb(Apr) - (Jun)Oct Pholis gunnellus L L L L L L L L L L L L L/J L/J L Jan(Feb) - (Apr)Jul Cryptacanthodes maculatus L L L L L L L L L L L Feb - Apr Ammodytes sp. L L L L L L L L L L L L L/J L/J L/J Jan(Mar) - (May)Dec Gobiosoma ginsburgi L L L L L L E L E/L Jul - Sep Scomber scombrus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Apr(May) - (Jul)Sep Peprilus triacanthus L L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L May - Oct Etropus microstomus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E E E E E/L E/L E/L Jul - Oct Paralichthys dentatus L L L E/L E E/L E/L E L E/L/J L/J May - Nov P. oblongus 3 E/L E/L E/L L E/L E/L L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L May - Oct Scophthalmus aquosus 3 E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Apr(May) - (Sep)Oct Glyptocephalus cynoglossus E/L E/L E/L E/L E E/L E/L E E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Mar(May) - (Jun)Nov Hippoglossoides platessoides E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Jan(Mar) - (Jun)Nov Pleuronectes americanus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Jan(Apr) - (Jun)Sep P. putnami L Mar - Jun Limanda ferrugineus E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L E/L Feb(Apr) - (May)Nov Trinectes maculatus E/L E E/L E/L L May - Sep Sphoeroides maculatus L Jul - Aug 4

Number of Species 37 37 40 38 41 37 42 43 39 38 40 42 39 45 40 60 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring D. Entrainment and Impingement Effects - Specific Estimated numbers of eggs and larvae entrained annually at PNPS were examined in some detail for six species of fish using the equivalent adult (EA) procedure (see Horst 1976, Goodyear 1978, Saila et al 1997, EPRI 2004, for example). Numbers impinged were also considered. This review dates back to 1980 so that, with the addition of 2010, 31 years of analyses are included. The adult equivalent methodology applies estimated survival rates to numbers of eggs and larvae entrained and numbers of fish impinged to obtain a number of adult fish which might have entered the local population had entrainment and impingement not occurred. The consequences, if any, of entrainment and impingement can then be considered if the size of the extant population is known or numbers can be compared with commercial or recreational landings.

Many assumptions are associated with the EA procedure. The fish population is assumed to be in equilibrium, therefore in her lifetime each female will replace herself plus one male. It was initially assumed that no eggs or larvae survive entrainment. In assessing potential entrainment values the assumption is also made that no density-dependent compensation occurs among non-entrained individuals, i.e. the approach assumes that non-entrained individuals do not benefit from reduced competition as a direct result of lower densities. The later two assumptions result in an overestimation of plant impacts. Additionally, survival has been demonstrated for some species of entrained fish eggs at PNPS such as the labrids (45%; MRI 1978a) and winter flounder (73%, n = 11; MRI 1982) and among larvae at other power plants (0-100% initial survival depending on species and size; Ecological Analysts 1981). LMS (2001) used induced-flow larval sampling tables to assess initial and latent survival among entrained winter flounder and other species. They determined that larval flounder mortality was high and statistically similar in both intake and discharge samples. In spite of high natural mortality they reported that survival increased with increasing larval length and decreasing through-plant temperature change.

Numbers of eggs and larvae entrained at Pilgrim Station were determined using a typical normal operation flow capacity of 461.28 million gallons per day (MGD) except when the station was out of service for refueling or other maintenance. During outage periods when one circulating seawater pump was in service sampling continued and flow prevailing at the time was 61 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring used to calculate numbers entrained. Typically if both circulating seawater pumps were off entrainment sampling was discontinued as little if any entrainment occurred. In 1984 and 1987 an exception occurred since both circulating seawater pumps were shut down from April through August yet sampling continued using the salt service water system. Estimated numbers entrained for species present during those months are quite low as little entrainment was observed to occur (MRI 1994). Due to the extended outages those two years were omitted from 1980-2009 time series averages and ranges in the following six species reviews. During the more typical 1999 outage extending from May 9 to June 11 sampling was also conducted with only the salt service water pumps running with results similar to 1984 and 1987. Based on the very low numbers entrained when both seawater pumps were off entrainment sampling was not conducted during the portion of the 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 outage periods in which both circulating seawater pumps were shut down and entrained was assumed to be zero.

Since plankton densities are notorious for deviating from a normal distribution but do generally follow the lognormal, geometric mean densities more accurately reflect the true population mean. The geometric mean is always less than the arithmetic mean particularly for data which are skewed to the right such as plankton densities (see Figures 5 and 6). In calculating total entrainment values for the adult equivalent methodology we chose to use the larger arithmetic mean for all sampling dates proceeding April 1994 when three replicate samples were taken per sampling occasion to lend additional conservatism to the assessments.

Beginning with April 1994 each individual sample density was utilized so that no averaging was necessary.

The six species selected for review were winter flounder, cunner, Atlantic mackerel, Atlantic menhaden, Atlantic herring, and Atlantic cod. Flounder were chosen because of their commercial and recreational value as well as their importance in PNPS ecology studies. Cunner were selected because they are abundant in entrainment samples and in the local nearshore area.

Mackerel and menhaden were included because they are abundant among the ichthyoplankton entrained, both eggs and larvae being removed from the local population, and they are commercially and recreationally valuable. Atlantic herring and cod are not entrained in great numbers but they are valuable species in New England waters.

62 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Winter Flounder In 2010 an estimated total of 756,692 eggs and 10,181,766 winter flounder larvae were entrained by PNPS (Table 5). The number of larvae ranked in the middle of the range (37th percentile), 20th among the 31 totals recorded over the 1980 - 2010 time series. The average numbers entrained from 1980-2009 were 3,614,239 eggs and 21,822,298 larvae. Values ranged from 28,600 in 2002 to 32,717,500 in 1985 for eggs and 3,505,517 in 1999 to 86,850,000 in 1998 for larvae.

The annual larval entrainment estimates were converted to equivalent numbers of age 3 adults, the age at which flounder become sexually mature (Witherell and Burnett 1993, NOAA 1995). Four sets of survival values were used and the results averaged. The first set followed NEP (1978) using data from Pearcy (1962) and Saila (1976). Briefly, this consisted of dividing the total number of entrained larvae by 0.09 to estimate the number of eggs which hatched to produce that number of larvae. NEP (1978) did not specifically account for entrained winter flounder eggs. While they are demersal and adhesive, numbers of them are entrained each year.

A survival rate of 0.058 for entrained winter flounder eggs was assumed based on Rose et al (1996) and assuming that the entrained eggs were 15 days from hatching. The number of newly hatched eggs derived from the number of eggs entrained was then added to the number of hatched eggs derived from the larvae entrained. The combined number of eggs was then multiplied in succession by 0.004536, an estimate of survival from a newly hatched egg to day 26; 0.2995, survival from day 27 to metamorphosis; 0.03546, survival of juveniles from 3 to 12 months; 0.3491, survival from 13 to 24 months; and finally 0.33, survival from 24 to 36 months.

The second approach followed larval stage-specific survival rates (S) derived from Niantic River data (Crecco and Howell 1990) as modified by Gibson (1993). These are as follows:

S (stage 1) = 0.236 S (age 0) = 0.0730 S (stage 2) = 0.108 S (age 1) = 0.250 S (stage 3) = 0.154 S (age 2) = 0.477 S (stage 4) = 0.623 A survival rate of 0.058 was assumed for winter flounder eggs as indicated for the unstaged approach. All fish eggs or larvae are not entrained at the same point or age in a given life stage and it is assumed that the further along in development the greater the probability that an 63 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring individual will survive to the next life stage. To account for this, the survival values for each life stage entrained were adjusted based on EPRI (2004). The adjusted survival value was applied only to the stage being entrained, not to subsequent stages as numbers were calculated to equivalent adults. The adjusted survival values were as follows:

Adjusted Eggs = 0.1096 Adjusted S (stage 1) = 0.3819 Adjusted S (stage 3) = 0.2669 Adjusted S (stage 2) = 0.1949 Adjusted S (stage 4) = 0.7677 In using the stage-specific rates it is recognized that Dominion employs different morphological stage criteria than those used at PNPS (Dominion 2008). However a comparison of samples from both studies showed stages to be quite comparable until larvae approach metamorphosis, a size not often collected because these individuals begin to assume a benthic life style.

The third set of survival values obtained from PG&E (2001) was as follows:

Eggs = 0.75 S (stage 1) = 0.1286 S (age 0) = 0.0927 S (stage 2) = 0.0328 S (age 1) = 0.3291 S (stage 3) = 0.0296 S (age 2) = 0.3654 S (stage 4) = 0.8377 As above, survival values were adjusted based on EPRI (2004) and applied only to the stage being entrained. The values used were as follows:

Adjusted Eggs = 0.8571 Adjusted S (stage 1) = 0.2279 Adjusted S (stage 3) = 0.0575 Adjusted S (stage 2) = 0.0635 Adjusted S (stage 4) = 0.9117 The fourth set of survival values obtained from EPA (2004), which were based on PG &

E (2001), was as follows:

Eggs = 0.75 S (stage 1) = 0.1287 S (age 0) = 0.0926 S (stage 2) = 0.0327 S (age 1) = 0.3307 S (stage 3) = 0.0296 S (age 2) = 0.3657 S (stage 4) = 0.8378 As above, an adjustment was made to each survival value based on EPRI (2004) to account for the fact that entrained eggs and larvae are of mixed ages. The values used were as follows:

Adjusted Eggs = 0.8570 Adjusted S (stage 1) = 0.2281 Adjusted S (stage 3) = 0.0575 Adjusted S (stage 2) = 0.0634 Adjusted S (stage 4) = 0.9117 64 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Prior to calculating EA values numbers of eggs collected from 1980 - 1994 when 0.333-mm mesh was used on all sampling occasions were scaled upward by 1.24 to correct for mesh extrusion. While no direct mesh extrusion information is available for winter flounder eggs in the PNPS discharge stream, the value for similar sized cunner eggs was used. Numbers of stage 1 and 2 larvae collected prior to 1995 were likewise scaled upward by 1.62 to adjust for mesh extrusion (MRI 1995).

Numbers of age 3 fish were converted to weight based on 0.49 pounds per fish for the first three survival values. This was derived from the length-weight equation presented in NEFSC (1998) using mean length at age 3 for males (262 mm TL) and females (267 mm TL).

Mean length at age was obtained using the gender specific, north of Cape Cod growth equations provided by Witherell and Burnett (1993). These relationships gave mean weights of 0.47 and 0.50 pounds for males and females, respectively; these were averaged. For the fourth set of survival values the number of age 3 fish were converted to weight based on 0.997 pounds per fish following EPA (2004).

The mean EA value for 2010 was 6,293 age 3 fish weighing 3,931 pounds. Comparable values for 1980 - 2009 ranged from 726 in 1999 to 72,476 in 1998 with an overall mean of 13,629 fish weighing 8,432 pounds (Figure 7, Table 5).

Winter flounder larvae have been shown to survive entrainment (MRI 1982, Ecological Analysts 1981, PG&E 2001). To account for this survival winter flounder eggs and larvae were adjusted based on the following: winter flounder eggs and stage 1 and stage 2 larvae were assumed to have zero entrainment survival, stage 3 larvae were assumed to have 48.9% survival, and stage 4 larvae were assumed to have 49.4% survival (PG&E 2001). Only the three life stage methods were used when calculating EA with entrainment survival since survival was specific to life stage. When entrainment survival was considered the mean EA value for 2010 declined to 4,292 age 3 adults weighing 2,683 pounds. The 1980 - 2009 time series mean also declined to 9,206 age 3 adults weighing 5,698 pounds (Figure 8, Table 6).

In addition to those entrained, small numbers of winter flounder were impinged on the intake screens each year (Table 7; also See Impingement Monitoring Section 3.3). Annual totals ranged from 232 in 1983 to 2,688 in 2005 and averaged 1,038 fish over the time series. The 2010 estimated total was below the average at 1,005. Based on annual mean length data, most impinged fish were young-of-the-year. Assuming all fish would have completed their first year, 65 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring the average age 1 and age 2 survival rates from the first three entrainment EA procedures were applied. For the fourth method relying on EPA data, the ages of impinged fish were determined by length frequency distributions. The percent composition was multiplied by the total estimated number of fish impinged each month to partition the monthly total into age classes. The instantaneous mortality rate for juvenile winter flounder was obtained from EPA (2004) and adjusted to account for the higher probability that fish impinged later in any given year are more likely to survive to their first birthday. Mortality rate adjustments were made for each month that juvenile fish were impinged. This was done by dividing the EPA stage-specific instantaneous mortality rate by the respective stage duration in days to obtain a daily instantaneous rate. This daily instantaneous rate was multiplied by the number of days remaining until each fishs first birthday to derive the mortality rate expected to the end of year

1. That mortality rate was converted to the corresponding survival rate (1 - mortality rate) and multiplied by the number of age 0 fish impinged during each respective month. The monthly totals were then combined to obtain an estimated annual total number of equivalent age 1 fish.

All impinged fish older than age 1 were conservatively assumed to survive to their next birthday.

Annual survival values obtained from EPA (2004) were used to convert age 1 fish to age 3 fish.

Impinged winter flounder would be equivalent to an annual average of 117 age 3 adults (range = 26 to 261, 1980-2009) weighing 74 pounds (range = 17 to 152 pounds). The 2010 estimate amounted to 71 pounds, below the average. Some winter flounder typically survive impingement, particularly under continuous screen wash operation (see for example MRI 1982, 1984, 1997). To account for this survival the numbers of flounder impinged were adjusted assuming a 23.1% survival rate attributable to the fish return sluiceway and the low pressure spraywash (MRI 1984). When impingement survival was considered the annual average number of fish lost to impingement declined to 799 (range = 181 to 2,070) over the 1980 - 2009 time series. The 2010 estimated number of flounder lost to impingement was 788, which would be equivalent to 88 age 3 adults weighing 57 pounds. The 2010 EA value was below the time series average of 93 age 3 adults weighing 60 pounds (Figure 8, Table 8).

Winter flounder were commercially landed from NOAA statistical area 514 which covers Cape Cod Bay and Massachusetts Bay over the 1982 through 2009 period at an annual average of 992,793 pounds (s.e. = 202,551 pounds). The estimated average of 8,316 pounds of equivalent age 3 adults due to PNPS entrainment and impingement over the same time frame 66 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring (Tables 5 and 7) represents less than 0.9% of those landings. Area 514 commercial landings declined sharply after 1993 from 1,057,211 pounds that year to 16,788 pounds in 1995, 1,798 pounds in 1997, and only 221 pounds in 1999. Catch rebounded in 2000 to 40,000 pounds but dropped again each of the next three years to 4,742 pounds in 2003. Landings increased to 956,886 pounds in 2004 but decline to 286,927 pounds in 20073. Area 514 commercial landings were 309,632 pounds in 2010 (David Sutherland, NOAA, personal communication).

Since the declines in the Gulf of Maine winter flounder stock occurred in the 1990s and revised management practices have evolved to reduce fishing mortality rates and hence landings, comparing equivalent adult values with landing data has been less realistic as an impact assessment screening tool. Also since survival rates used in the equivalent adult impact analysis were derived when winter flounder were far more abundant they are likely optimistic and result in considerable overestimates of equivalent adult values today.

Winter flounder also have considerable value as a recreational species. Based on NOAA records4 an annual average of 1,253,187 fish weighing an average of about one pound each were landed from Massachusetts inland waters and within 3 miles of shore over the 1981-2009 time period. Over the course of the past two decades or so (1991-2009) recreational landings were well below 1980s levels due to stock declines and catch limits consistent with commercial landings; an annual average of 123,023 fish were reported landed in the state from inland waters and within 3 miles of shore over the fourteen-year period since 1996. Over the last five years these landings have averaged only 114,824 fish. Unfortunately, recreational landings are compiled by state within distance from shore areas (inland, <3 miles from shore, > 3 miles from shore) and the number of fish taken from a more appropriate area such as Cape Cod Bay are not available. Arbitrarily adding 20,000 pounds of recreationally-caught flounder to the depressed 1994-2009 Area 514 commercial landings would bring the respective totals for those sixteen years to an average of 221,914 pounds (s.e. = 67,622). The average PNPS EA entrainment and impingement values based on the four parameter sets for the same years (12,216 pounds) would amount to 6%. Clearly the decline in commercial landings after 1994 suggests that those values, 3

Beginning in 2004 the landings data have been entered by dealers and in the majority of the entries the statistical area field has been null (000). Landings data from vessel trip reports have been used when available.

4 Recreational landings data were obtained via the internet at http://remora.ssp.nmfs.gov/mrfss.

67 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring even when combined with the recreational landings, may no longer be a realistic comparison to equivalent adult values.

Stock assessment data available from the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries for north of Cape Cod suggest that flounder abundance has varied without trend since 1978 with peaks in 1979, 1983, and 2000 (34 kg per tow). Similarly National Marine Fisheries Service stock assessment data vary without trend with peaks in 1981, 1983, 2000, and 2002 (Figure 9 and 10). If entrainment and impingement at PNPS were having an adverse environmental impact on winter flounder these fishery independent surveys would be expected to decline over time.

Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (DMF) personnel made estimates of the number of adult winter flounder (>280 mm TL - age 3+) in a 267 km2 (106 square mile) area in the vicinity of PNPS using the area swept by a commercial trawl each year from 1997-1999 (Lawton et al. 2000). Marine Research, Inc./Normandeau Associates, Inc. completed comparable Area Swept surveys from 2000 through 2010 (see Section 3.1 of this volume).

While reliable estimates of local population size are difficult to make, they can provide more realistic numbers with which to compare EA values relative to commercial and recreational landings which are difficult if not impossible to pinpoint to the actual study area. Landings data typically represent numbers caught over a very large area or as displayed by the most recent commercial landings can be subject to stock management catch restrictions, changes in fishing effort, and data handling which make them less useful.

The Normandeau area swept estimate for 2010 equaled 255,008 adult flounder based on gear efficiency of 50% with confidence limits ranging from 250,574 to 259,442 fish. The area covered by the spring trawl survey was based on a simplistic hydrodynamic model used to predict spatial estimates of the origin of winter flounder larvae that are subject to entrainment at PNPS. Modeling work completed by the U.S. Geological Survey showed that the majority of particles released into the water column off Boston Harbor would be transported through Cape Cod Bay within a 15-day period. Considering that larval winter flounder can drift for 30 to 60 days depending on prevailing water temperature the size of the area-swept survey is likely very conservative. Regardless, the size of the area was not intended to represent the entire population potentially affected by PNPS. For example, the National Marine Fisheries Service manages the winter flounder resource as three stocks - Southern New England-Mid-Atlantic Bight, Georges Bank, and the Gulf of Maine. Although winter flounder appear to form localized spawning 68 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring aggregations (Lobell 1939, Saila 1961, Grove 1982) they also move inshore and offshore during the course of the year and mixing occurs then (Perlmutter 1947, Howe and Coates 1975, Hanson and Courtenay 1996).

Comparing the average number of age 3 equivalent adults attributable to entrainment and impingement estimated for 1997 through 2007 with the corresponding area-swept estimates lagged by three years provided the percentages shown below. The average over the 1997-2007 time period was 11.0% and the current 2010 estimated number of equivalent adults of 6,405 amounts to 2.5% of the 2010 area swept estimate.

Since assuming that the spring trawl survey reflects all fish potentially influenced by PNPS is likely an over estimate, the area swept estimates were expanded to reflect all of Cape Cod Bay. The trawl surveys covered approximately 267 km2 or 16.7% of the area of Cape Cod Bay (1600 km2, Emberton 1981). It is important to note that the area of Cape Cod Bay amounts to only 1.7% of the area of the Gulf of Maine which represents the stock management unit.

Based on Cape Cod Bays area the average number of equivalent adults over the 1997-2007 time period represented less than 2.0% of the expected population and the current 2010 estimated number of equivalent adults of 6,405 amounts to 0.4% of the 2010 area swept Cape Cod Bay estimate.

69 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Numbers of age 3 equivalent adult winter flounder estimated for entrainment and impingement at PNPS assuming 100% mortality compared with area-swept estimates for nearshore waters and all of Cape Cod Bay three years later.

Equivalent Age 3 Adults Area-Swept Cape Cod Bay Percent Of Percent Of (Number of Fish) Entrainment Estimate 3 Estimate 3 Years Area-Swept Cape Cod and Impingement Years Later Later Estimate Bay Estimate 1997 41,970 464,176 2,785,056 9.0 1.5 1998 72,710 400,812 2,404,872 18.1 3.0 1999 835 476,263 2,857,578 0.2 0.03 2000 3,629 262,604 1,575,624 1.4 0.2 2001 26,869 157,532 945,192 17.1 2.8 2002 18,557 126,117 756,702 14.7 2.4 2003 3,205 112,480 674,880 2.9 0.5 2004 46,801 184,432 1,106,592 25.4 4.2 2005 42,951 166,496 998,976 25.8 4.3 2006 7,605 172,404 1,034,424 4.4 0.7 2007 4,401 255,008 1,530,048 1.7 0.3 Mean 24,503 252,575 1,515,449 11.0 1.8 Recognizing that some entrained winter flounder larvae do survive, particularly the older more valuable individuals, and that many impinged winter flounder also survive, the following table reflects those adjustments. Entrainment survival was accounted for as described above. An impingement survival rate of 23.1% was based on studies completed after installation of low pressure sprays and the fish return sluiceway (MRI 1984).

70 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Numbers of age 3 equivalent adult winter flounder estimated for entrainment and impingement compared with area-swept estimates for nearshore waters and all of Cape Cod Bay three years later. Numbers entrained and impinged were corrected for entrainment and impingement survival.

Equivalent Age 3 Adults Area-Swept Cape Cod Bay Percent Of Percent Of (Number of Fish) Entrainment Estimate 3 Estimate 3 Years Area-Swept Cape Cod and Impingement Years Later Later Estimate Bay Estimate 1997 28,251 464,176 2,785,056 6.10 1.00 1998 49,110 400,812 2,404,872 12.30 2.00 1999 573 476,263 2,857,578 0.10 0.02 2000 2,450 262,604 1,575,624 0.90 0.20 2001 18,190 157,532 945,192 11.60 1.90 2002 12,593 126,117 756,702 10.00 1.70 2003 2,161 112,480 674,880 1.90 0.30 2004 31,502 184,432 1,106,592 17.10 2.80 2005 29,041 166,496 998,976 17.40 2.90 2006 5,132 172,404 1,034,424 2.98 0.50 2007 3,037 255,008 1,530,048 1.19 0.20 Mean 16,549 252,575 1,515,449 7.42 1.23 The average over this period of time after adjusting for survival was 7.4% using only the area-swept estimate, 1.2% based on Cape Cod Bay and the current 2010 estimated number of equivalent adults of 4,380 fish amounted to 1.7% of the current area-swept estimate.

The latest Groundfish Assessment Review Meeting (NEFSC 2008) concluded that the Gulf of Maine stock assessment is currently uncertain. The stock is likely in an overfished condition and overfishing is probably occurring. In spite of the uncertainty spring abundance indices for the Gulf of Maine developed by NOAAs Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) and the MDMF spring resource assessment for the northern winter flounder stock do not display a downward trend that would suggest an adverse environmental impact is occurring.

Cunner As described above, cunner eggs are consistently among the most abundant fish eggs in PNPS entrainment samples and in the waters surrounding the Station (Scherer 1984). The breakwaters protecting the intake and discharge in particular provide considerable habitat for cunner, a temperate reef fish (Nitschke et al. 2002). Total numbers entrained ranged from 71 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring 580,955,000 in 2002 to 6,576,000,000 in 1981 with a time series mean of 2,291,526,600 through 2009. For cunner larvae annual totals ranged from 2,792,000 in 1992 to 576,300,000 in 1981 with a time series average of 70,552,000. Totals for 2010 were 2,555,971,000 eggs and 37,470,000 larvae. The number of eggs was above the 1980-2009 average while larvae numbers were below the average (Table 9). The egg total ranked 12th overall and was in the 63th percentile. Larvae ranked 15th overall, in the 53rd percentile and 53% of the times series mean.

Two methods were used to estimate equivalent adult values for cunner. The first method followed Goodyear (1978) by converting numbers of eggs and larvae to numbers of fish at age of sexual maturity which occurs for approximately half the population at age 1 (P.

Nitschke, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, personal communication). Assuming all labrid eggs were cunner eggs in PNPS entrainment samples (Scherer 1984), cunner larva/egg ratios were determined from PNPS samples to provide an estimate of survival from spawned egg to entrained larva. Mesh correction values were first applied to both eggs and larvae. Presented in MRI (1998) these were 1.24 for eggs taken from 1980-1995, 1.14 for eggs taken in 1995, and 1.10 for eggs taken in 1997. The mean of 1995 and 1997 values was used for 1998 through 2010 except in early-season cases where cunner eggs occurred in 0.202-mm mesh samples. Larval cunner mesh values applied were 1.16 for stage 1 and 1.28 for stage 2, irrespective of year.

From 1980 to 2010 the larva/egg ratio ranged from 0.001284 to 0.128812 and averaged 0.027885; 1984, 1987, and 1999 were excluded because of extended circulating seawater pump shutdown during the cunner spawning season. Average lifetime fecundity was calculated from fish collected in the PNPS area by Nitschke (1997) and Nitschke et al. (2001a, b). He provided numbers of eggs produced at age in the second order form:

Log F = [2.891 log A] - [1.355 log A2] + 3.149 where F = fecundity at age A Age-specific instantaneous mortality necessary for calculation of average lifetime fecundity was calculated from fish trap collections made from 1992 - 1997 (Brian Kelly, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, personal communication, MRI 1998). Average instantaneous mortality rates for the PNPS area collections from 1992 through 1997 using this approach were as follows:

Age 3 = 0.286 Age 7 = 0.653 Age 4 = 0.342 Age 8 = 1.463 72 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Age 5 = 0.645 Age 9 = 0.728 Age 6 = 1.260 Utilizing data from Serchuk and Cole (1974) for age 1 through 5 cunner collected with assorted gear, a survival rate of S = 0.605 was obtained (Z = 0.5025) which appears comparable to the PNPS values. Age 1 and 2 fish appeared less abundant in the PNPS collections than age 3 fish (MRI 1998), suggesting they were not fully recruited to the trap collections, perhaps due to their small size or behavior. Fish older than age 10 were rarely taken both because they are uncommon and because they can exceed the maximum size susceptible to the fish traps. In the absence of additional information an overall mean value of Z = 0.831 was substituted for age 2 and age 10.

Based on the PNPS area fecundity study (Nitschke 1997, Nitschke et al. 2001), 50% of age 1 females were assumed to be mature; complete recruitment was assumed by age 2.

Following Goodyear (1978), an average lifetime fecundity of 17,226 eggs per female at age 1 was calculated. Utilizing the survival estimate for eggs to larvae assuming most eggs were recently spawned and average lifetime fecundity, a survival estimate for larvae to adult of 4.116E-3 was obtained. Numbers of eggs were converted to larvae based on the larva/egg ratio and then numbers of larvae were converted to adults.

The second method to estimate cunner equivalent adult values relied on early life stage survival rates obtained from EPA (2004). These were S = 0.031 for eggs, S = 0.055 for larvae, and S = 0.055 for juveniles. The survival values for each entrained life stage were adjusted following EPRI (2004) to account for the fact that entrained eggs and larvae are of mixed ages.

The resulting values were: adjusted S = 0.0592 for eggs and adjusted S = 0.1043 for larvae.

An estimated 562,953 cunner were potentially lost to entrainment effects in 2010. The 1980 - 2009 average was 687,677 ranging from 134,565 in 2003 to 3,810,945 in 1981 (Figure 11, Table 9). The high value recorded in 1981, attributable to high egg and exceptionally high larval densities skewed the mean EA value. As mentioned for winter flounder, estimates made in 1984 and to a lesser extent those made in 1987 and 1999 were low due to reduced flow during outage periods.

Cunner eggs were assumed to have an entrainment survival rate of 90% based on data collected during the entrainment survival study conducted at PNPS in 2007 (NAI unpublished data). Cunner larvae were assumed to have 100% entrainment survival at discharge temperatures 73 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring between 25 and 30°C and 48% entrainment survival at discharge temperatures between 30 and 35°C (EPRI 2000). When entrainment survival was accounted for the number of age 1 adults potentially lost to entrainment in 2010 decreased to 128,357 fish (6,582 pounds). The 2010 value was lower than the 1980 - 2009 average of 150,213 fish (range = 12,613 to 888,528; Figure 12, Table 10).

In addition to numbers of eggs and larvae entrained, cunner were impinged on the PNPS intake screens (See Impingement Monitoring Section 3.3). Annual estimated totals ranged from 28 in 1992 to 1,043 in 1980 with a time series average of 300 fish. A total of 535 fish were impinged in 2010 the seventh highest value overall. The number of equivalent adult cunner potentially lost to impingement was calculated by two methods. The first method made no equivalent adult adjustment to the number impinged since cunner mature as early as age 1. The second method estimated the age of the impinged cunner by annual length frequency distributions. The percent composition for each 10-mm length class was multiplied by the total estimated number of fish impinged each month to partition each monthly total into age classes.

The instantaneous mortality rate for the cunner age classes were obtained from EPA (2004) and were adjusted as above in winter flounder to account for the higher probability that fish impinged later in any given year are more likely to survive to their first birthday. Mortality rate adjustments were made for each month that juvenile fish were impinged. The mortality rate was converted to the corresponding survival rate and multiplied by the number of age 0 fish impinged during each respective month. The monthly totals were then combined to obtain an estimated annual total number of equivalent age 1 fish. All impinged fish older than age 1 were considered adults. These methods produced 442 equivalent adult cunner in 2010 which is above the 1980-2009 mean of 266 fish (range = 25 to 708; Table 11). Cunner often survive being impinged at PNPS (MRI 1984). Cunner impingement survival, attributable to the fish return sluiceway and the low pressure spraywash system, was assumed to be 10.7% (MRI 1984). When impingement survival is considered the number of equivalent adult cunner potentially lost in 2010 declined to 393 fish (29 pounds) and the time series average to 226 (17 pounds; Figure 12, Table 12).

Cunner have no commercial value and little recreational importance (although many may be taken unintentionally by shore fishermen) so that current landing records are not available.

To shed some light on their abundance in the PNPS area, calculations were performed to estimate the number of adult cunner which would be necessary to produce the number of eggs 74 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring found there. The PNPS area was defined by Cape Cod Bay sampling stations 2,3,4,7,8 (MRI 1978b), the half-tide volume of which was estimated by planimetry from NOAA chart 1208 at 22,541,000 100 m3 units. Labrid egg densities were obtained at those stations on a weekly basis in 1975 and they were integrated over time (April-December) using the mean density of the five stations. The integrated values were multiplied by 1.40 to account for extrusion through the 0.505-mm mesh used in that survey (MRI unpublished data), then by the sector volume. Based on the 0.333/0.202-mm mesh data collected from the PNPS discharge stream from 1994 through 1997, additional upward scaling might be appropriate; however specific data for towed samples with 0.202-mm mesh are not available and an estimated value was not applied. Omitting this step likely led to an underestimate of the number of eggs produced and therefore to an underestimate of the number of adults spawning in the area. The resulting value was divided by 2.2, the estimated incubation time in days for cunner eggs (Johansen 1925), then divided by 17,226 the average life time fecundity value described. Lastly the resulting value was multiplied by 2 assuming an even sex ratio. These calculations resulted in an estimated production of 6.899E12 eggs by an estimated 364,090,000 adult fish. The potential loss of 563,394 adults in 2010 due to PNPS operation represents 0.2% of the estimated spawning stock. The annual mean of 687,943 fish attributable to entrainment and impingement, including all years, represents 0.2%

of the stock estimate.

In earlier studies MDMF personnel chose cunner as an indicator species for PNPS impact investigations. Tagging studies were conducted during the 1994 and 1995 seasons to estimate the size of the cunner population in the immediate PNPS area. Minimum tagging size and therefore the minimum size fish enumerated was 90 mm TL. Estimates were highly localized since individual cunner have a very small home range measured on the order of 100 m2 or less (Pottle and Green 1979). Very young cunner may spend their first year within a single square meter (Tupper and Boutilier 1995, 1997). Estimated population size for the outer breakwater and intake areas combined were 7,408 and 9,300 for the two respective years. Combining upper 95%

confidence limits for breakwater and intake produced totals of 10,037 and 11,696 fish, respectively. Since the upper confidence limit total is only 0.003% of the egg based population estimate, it is clear that eggs must arrive at PNPS from areas beyond the immediate vicinity of the Station. A hydrodynamic modeling study completed by Eric Adams of MIT predicted that 90% of the cunner eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS come from within about 5.5 miles of PNPS 75 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring to the north down to White Horse Beach, about one mile to the south of PNPS. This area extends further to the north than the area 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 used in the above egg estimates and would presumably provide an even greater adult population estimate. The number of eggs entrained indicated that cunner must be very abundant in these waters.

Atlantic Mackerel Numbers of mackerel eggs entrained at PNPS ranged from 6,182,000 in 1999 to 4,674,000,000 in 1989 with an average of 767,204,000. Totals for larval mackerel ranged from 311,000 in 1999 to 320,135,600 in 1981 with an average of 38,197,000. Corresponding values for 2010 were 72,370,028 for eggs and 779,129 for larvae (Table 13). The current egg total ranked 26th in the 11th percentile and the larval total ranked 27th in the 7th percentile. Values amounted to 9 and 2% of the respective time series means.

Two methods were used to determine equivalent adult Atlantic mackerel. The first method followed the procedures outlined by Vaughan and Saila (1976) to derive a survival rate for spawned mackerel eggs to age 1 fish. This procedure utilizes the Leslie matrix algorithm to estimate early survival from proportion mature, fecundity, and survival within each age class assuming a stable population. Fecundity for Atlantic mackerel was obtained from Griswold and Silverman (1992) and Neja (1992). Age-specific instantaneous natural mortality (M = 0.20) was obtained from Overholtz (2000a) and NOAA (1995). A low fishing mortality rate of F = 0.02 was used consistent with the current low exploitation rate (NEFSC 2000). A maximum age of 14 and maturity schedules were obtained from NEFSC (1996). Since two fecundity profiles provide two egg to age 1 survival values: 2.2820E-6 for Griswold and Silverman, 2.1692E-6 for Neja, the values were averaged (2.22559E-6).

To account for the fact that all eggs entrained were not recently spawned and the Vaughan and Saila estimate begins at time of spawning an estimate of daily mortality was derived from Pepin (1991). Based on an average late-spring summer water temperature of 15 C daily mortality was estimated to be Me = 0.074. At 15 C mackerel eggs require approximately 4 days to hatch assuming an average diameter of 1.15 mm (Colton and Marak 1969, Pepin 1991).

Entrained eggs were therefore assumed to average one day old with a corresponding mortality rate of M = 0.446 (survival rate S = 0.640). The number of entrained eggs was therefore divided by 0.640 to estimate the equivalent number of newly spawned eggs entrained.

76 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring To back calculate from entrained larvae to spawned eggs so the spawned egg to age 1 survival rate could be applied the observed average ratio of eggs to larvae for PNPS of 0.0712 (1980-2009) was used. In calculating the average larva/egg ratio 1981, 1984, 1987, and 1999 were omitted, 1981 because larvae were more abundant then eggs, 1984, 1987, and 1999 because both circulating seawater pumps were off for all or an important portion of the mackerel egg and larval seasons during maintenance outages. A mesh adjustment factor of 1.12 was applied to the egg data obtained with 0.333-mm mesh nets based on mesh comparison collections completed from 1994 through 1997 (MRI 1998). No mesh adjustment was justified for larvae. Numbers of entrained larvae were divided by 0.0712 then by the age adjustment factor of 0.640 and the back calculated total was then added to the age-adjusted egg total. The age 0 survival rate of 2.2256E-6 was then applied to the combined egg total to derive the number of age 1 fish.

According to NOAA (1995, 1998) and Overholtz (2000a) stock biomass consists of fish age 1 and older while fish completely recruit to the spawning stock by age 3. Therefore, juvenile and adult equivalent values are shown for both respective age groups (Figure 13, Table 13). Age 3 individuals were estimated using an instantaneous mortality rate of M = 0.52 for age 1 fish and M = 0.37 for age 2 fish (Overholtz et al. 1988). These values provided annual survival rates of S

= 0.595 and 0.691, respectively. Numbers of age 1 and 3 mackerel were expressed on a weight basis using 0.2 and 0.7 pounds per fish, respectively (Clayton et al. 1978).

The second method to estimate Atlantic mackerel equivalent adult values followed the life stage method. The survival values obtained from EPA (2004) were S = 0.092 for eggs, S =

0.005 for larvae, and S = 0.005 for juveniles, S = 0.595 for age 1, and S = 0.538 for age 2. The survival values were adjusted following EPRI (2004) to account for the mixed ages of entrained eggs and larvae. The resulting values were: adjusted S = 0.1679 for eggs and adjusted S =

0.0099 for larvae. The adjusted survival values were applied only to the stage being entrained, not to subsequent stages as numbers were calculated to equivalent adults.

PNPS equivalent age 1 juvenile mackerel lost to entrainment for 2010 amounted to 316 age 1 fish weighing 82 pounds or 114 age 3 fish weighing 95 pounds. Corresponding age 1 values over the 1980 through 2009 time series ranged from 39 (1999) to 21,128 (1989) fish with an average of 4,818. Age 3 values ranged from 14 to 7,646 with an annual average of 1,748 individuals. Converting numbers of fish to weight resulted in an estimated average annual value through 2009 of 1,242 pounds or 1,174 pounds, respectively. Due to the insufficient species and 77 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring life stage specific data on upper lethal temperatures and exposure limits for Atlantic mackerel, all eggs and larvae were assumed to die following entrainment.

The number of eggs and larvae entrained in 2010 and therefore the number of equivalent juveniles and equivalent adults was well below average, amounting to 6.5% of the time series mean (Table 13). This follows 2001 through 2009 when numbers ranged from only about 6 to 23% of the time series average. The below average totals suggest that mackerel egg and larval production in the waters near PNPS was not particularly high during the last ten years. The Transboundary Resources Assessment Committee (TRAC) status report for Atlantic mackerel in the northwest Atlantic was completed in 2010. The estimated spawning stock biomass has declined from 1.36 million mt in 1972 to 96,968 mt in 2008. Stock recruitment has also declined in recent years from an average of 2.1 billion age 1 fish during 1962 through 1984 to an average of 566 million age 1 fish from 1985 through 2009. The assessment time series average is 1.3 billion age 1 fish (TRAC 2010). Atlantic mackerel recruitment is strongly dependent on copepod nauplii production through species that contribute to the larval mackerel diet. Strong mackerel year-classes such as 1999 were characterized by remarkably high prey copepod nauplii availability (Castonguay et al. 2008).

Atlantic mackerel are swift swimmers and not often impinged at PNPS. They occurred during only eight years from 1980 to 2010 with an average of 8 individuals annually. For simplicity all impinged mackerel were considered adult fish using the Vaughan and Saila approach and therefore included with the EA totals. Following the life stage method, the age of impinged mackerel was determined from annual length frequency distributions. The percent composition was multiplied by the total estimated number of fish impinged each month to partition each years monthly total into age classes. Based on length data all impinged fish were young of the year. The instantaneous mortality rates for mackerel age classes were obtained from EPA (2004) and were adjusted described for winter flounder to account for the higher probability that fish impinged later in any given year are more likely to survive to their first birthday. Mortality rate adjustments were made for each month that juvenile fish were impinged.

The mortality rate was converted to the corresponding survival rate and multiplied by the number of age 0 fish impinged during each respective month. The monthly totals were then combined to obtain an estimated annual total number of equivalent age 1 fish. All impinged fish older than age 1 were conservatively assumed to survive to their next birthday. Annual survival rates 78 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring obtained from EPA (2004) were used to convert age 1 fish to age 3 fish. Atlantic mackerel impinged were assumed to have 0% survival since no site specific data were available (MRI 1984).

According to NOAA statistical records, an annual average of 227,887 pounds (s.e. =

60,174) of mackerel were taken commercially from statistical area 514 over the years 1982-2009. For PNPS the loss of an average of 1,242 pounds of age 1 fish (1980-2009) amounts to 0.5% of those landings and the loss of an average of 1,174 pounds of age 3 fish, less than 0.5%.

In addition to commercial landings, mackerel have considerable recreational value. For example, over the years 1981-2009 an average of 1,065,194 fish (s.e. = 149,259) were landed in Massachusetts by fishermen working inland waters and within three miles of shore. These fish had an average weight of about one pound. Unfortunately these landings are available only by state and therefore the portion attributable to Cape Cod Bay is not known. Arbitrarily adding 200,000, 1 pound fish to the Area 514 commercial landings brings the average harvest total to 427,887 pounds. The mean PNPS age 1 estimate amounts to 0.3% of those landings and the mean age 3 equivalent adult total to 0.3% of the landings.

Calculations performed to estimate the number of adult cunner which would be necessary to produce the number of eggs found in the PNPS area were also completed for Atlantic mackerel. Mackerel eggs occurred at Cape Cod Bay stations 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 from early May through early July in 1975. Integration over time using the mean density of the five stations produced an estimate of 1.3529E12 eggs. This total included a mesh correction factor of 1.95 to account for extrusion through 0.505-mm mesh (MRI unpublished data). The resulting value was divided by 4, the estimated incubation time in days for mackerel eggs (Sette 1950), then divided by 319,978, an estimate of mean annual fecundity per female for age 3 fish from Griswold and Silverman (1992) and Neja (1992). Lastly the resulting value was multiplied by 2 assuming an even sex ratio. These calculations resulted in an estimated production of 3.382E11 eggs by an estimated 2,114,052 adult fish. The annual mean equivalent (1980-2009) of 1,748 age 3 fish (Table 13) due to PNPS entrainment represents less than 0.1% of that value.

Atlantic Menhaden Total numbers of Atlantic menhaden eggs entrained at PNPS dating back to 1980 ranged from 393,000 in 1992 to 947,800,000 in 1993, with an overall average of 56,887,000.

79 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Corresponding totals for menhaden larvae ranged from 176,000 in 2004 to 48,300,000 in 1997 averaging 13,158,000 over the 1980 - 2009 time series. Totals for 2010 amounted to 21,379,962 eggs and 5,751,886 larvae. The current years egg total ranked 6th, in the 80th percentile, and represented 38% of the time series mean. The larval total ranked at 15th, in the 50th percentile and represented 44% of the time series mean (Table 15).

Numbers of eggs and larvae entrained each year at PNPS were converted to numbers of equivalent adults using two methods. The first method followed Vaughan and Saila (1976).

This procedure requires an estimate of the ratio of larvae to eggs plus fecundity and mortality for each age class. To provide an estimate of survival from spawned egg to entrained larva (Se) the ratio of larvae to eggs at PNPS was calculated. In some years, such as 2009, more larvae were entrained then eggs so that estimates were not obtained for all cases. Estimates ranging from 0.005 to 0.987 were obtained in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1988-1991, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2001-2004, and 2010. A geometric mean of 0.216 was obtained over those 17 estimates. In the Mount Hope Bay section of Narragansett Bay from 1973-1991 a geometric mean ratio of 0.066 was obtained providing a second estimate based on extensive data. An average of the two estimates, 0.141 was used to approximate survival from egg to larva.

Since Se is defined as survival from spawned egg to entrained larva, an adjustment to the average larva/egg ratio was necessary. To derive this estimate, collected menhaden eggs were estimated to average one day old, one-quarter their incubation period at 15°C, assuming that spawning takes place nearby. A 4-day incubation period was obtained from Pepin (1991) who related incubation duration to water temperature and egg diameter. A mean diameter of 1.6 mm was obtained from Colton and Marak (1969). Pepin (1991) also related daily egg mortality to water temperature (Me = 0.030e 0.18T). Assuming an average spring-early summer water temperature of 15°C, menhaden eggs would experience a daily mortality rate of Me = 0.4464.

The mean egg/larva ratio of 0.141, equivalent to an instantaneous mortality rate of 1.959 was added to 0.4464 to derive the mortality rate from spawned egg to entrained larva of Ze = 2.4055 (Se = 0.0902).

The procedure of Vaughan and Saila (1976) using the Leslie matrix algorithm provided an estimate of survival from spawned egg to age 1 of 5.419E-05. Fecundity for ages 3 through 5 was obtained from Dietrich (1979). All females were assumed to spawn first at age 3 based on Ahrenholz et al. (1987) who reported that all age 2 fish mature by the fourth quarter. Since fall 80 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring spawning does occur but is uncommon in Cape Cod Bay (Scherer 1984), we assumed initial spawning at age 3. Dietrich's (1979) age 5 fecundity was assumed for ages 6 through 9 as well since direct counts were not available. Instantaneous natural mortality rates (M) were obtained from ASFMC (2004); these were 0.98, 0.56, and 0.55 for ages 1, 2, and 3-9, respectively.

Fishing mortality (F) of 0.14 for age 1 and 0.79 for older individuals was also used (ASFMC 2004). To account for the fact that all eggs entrained were not recently spawned and the Vaughan and Saila estimate begins at time of spawning the estimate of daily mortality rate for menhaden eggs described above was used. Numbers of entrained larvae were back calculated to spawned eggs using Se and that total added to the number of entrained eggs. These parameters provided an estimate of 5,266 age 1 individuals potentially lost as a result of egg and larvae entrainment in 2010. Since menhaden enter the fishery at age 2 (Durbin et al. 1983), the annual natural mortality rate of M = 0.98 and F = 0.14 (S = 0.326) was applied to the age 1 value. Age 2 natural mortality (M = 0.56) and fishing mortality (F = 0.79) rates were then applied to the numbers of age 2 fish to estimate the number of age 3 adults potential lost to the population. A wet weight of 0.6 pound for age 2 individuals (ASFMC 2006a) was used to calculate weight.

The second method to estimate equivalent adults utilized life stage survival values from EPA (2004): S = 0.301 for eggs, S = 0.011 for larvae, S = 0.002 for age 0 juveniles, S = 0.583 for age 1, and S = 0.212 for age 2. The survival values were adjusted following EPRI (2004) to account for the fact that entrained eggs and larvae are of mixed ages (adjusted S = 0.4630 for eggs and adjusted S = 0.0226 for larvae). A weight of 0.235 pounds for age 2 individuals (EPA 2004) was used to calculate weight.

The two EA methods provided an average estimate of 1,004 age 2 fish (550 pounds) potentially lost to the fishery in 2010. Corresponding age 2 values for the 1980-2009 time series ranged from 30 fish (16 pounds) in 2004 to 17,414 fish (9,295 pounds) in 1993 with an average value of 2,688 fish (1,390 pounds). For 2010 the average estimated number of age 3 adults lost to the population was 253 adults. Corresponding age 3 values for the 1980-2009 time series ranged from 8 to 4,365 with an average value of 669 (Figure 14, Table 15). Some Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae survive entrainment. To reflect this survival Atlantic menhaden eggs were assumed to survive at the rate of 80% based on the data collected during the PNPS entrainment survival study conducted in 2007 (NAI unpublished data). Atlantic menhaden larvae were assumed to survive at the rate of 55% at temperatures between 25 and 30°C and 24%

81 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring at temperatures between 30 and 35°C (EPRI 2000). When survival was incorporated into the equivalent adult calculations the number of age 2 fish potentially lost to entrainment in 2010 decreased to 532 fish (248 pounds) and age 3 fish decreased to 135. The 2010 age 2 value was below the 1980 - 2009 average of 1,256 age 2 fish (Figure 15, Table 16).

In addition to numbers entrained 1,403 young menhaden were estimated to have been impinged in 2010 (See Impingement Monitoring Section 3.3). That compares with an average of 26,451 annually from 1980-2009 and a range from 0 in 1981 and 1987 to 277,601 in 2005.

Since menhaden are sensitive to impingement and handling in general (see for example Tatham et al. 1977, MRI 1984) all were assumed to have died. Method 1 assumed conservatively that 50% would have survived to the end of their first year had they not been impinged and 32.6%

would then survive to age 2. Method 2 determined the age of the impinged menhaden by annual length frequency distributions. The percent composition for each 110-mm length class was multiplied by the total estimated number of menhaden impinged each month to partition the monthly total into age classes. The instantaneous mortality rate for each age class was obtained from EPA (2004) and was adjusted as described for winter flounder to account for the higher probability that fish impinged later in any given year are more likely to survive to their next birthday. Mortality rate adjustments were made for each month that juvenile fish were impinged.

The mortality rate was converted to the corresponding survival rate and multiplied by the number of age 0 fish impinged during each respective month. The monthly totals were then combined to obtain an estimated annual total number of equivalent age 1 fish. All impinged fish older than age 1 were conservatively assumed to survive to their next birthday. Annual survival rates obtained from EPA (2004) were used to convert age 1 fish to age 2 and 3 fish. Based on these calculations an additional 355 fish might have been lost to the fishery and 81 adults might have been lost to the spawning stock from impingement in 2010. This compares with a time series average of 7,223 age 2 and 1,634 age 3 fish potentially lost to impingement. Combined potential entrainment and impingement EA values totaled 1,359 age 2 (675 pounds) and 334 age 3 fish in 2010 which compared with average of 9,911 age 2 (3,874 pounds) and 2,303 age 3 fish over the 1980-2009 time series.

The Atlantic menhaden resource has supported one of the largest fisheries in the United States since colonial times and is believed to consist of a single population based on tagging studies (Dryfoos et al. 1973, Nicholson 1978, ASMFC 2004). The menhaden fishery has two 82 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring components, a reduction fishery that produces fishmeal and fish oil and the bait fishery. As bait, menhaden are collected in pound nets, trawls, haul seines, purse seines and gill nets. Obtaining data from the bait fishery is difficult to achieve but the bulk of the bait landings in New England are used by the lobster fishery. Bait landings along the New England coast averaged approximately 11.9 million pounds from 1985-2009 representing 15% of the average coastwide bait landings and 2% of the total coastwide landings (ASMFC 2010, ASMFC 2006b). The potential loss of an average of 3,874 pounds of menhaden to entrainment and impingement at PNPS represents 0.03% of the average 1985-2009 New England menhaden bait landings and 0.005% of the average 1985-2009 total coastwide bait landings.

Numbers of menhaden eggs were revisited from 1975 when ichthyoplankton sampling was completed throughout Cape Cod Bay (see for example Scherer 1984). At that time menhaden eggs were found from late May into July and again in October. To determine an approximation of the number of menhaden that might have spawned in the Bay that year mean densities were integrated over time. The integrated total was multiplied by 2.0 to adjust for extrusion through the 0.505-mm mesh used in those studies (MRI unpublished), then divided by 3 an estimate of the incubation period for menhaden eggs. This value was then divided by the average lifetime fecundity (456,481 eggs) and assuming an even sex ratio, multiplied by 2 to account for males. The resulting value was then multiplied by the volume of Cape Cod Bay (4.5E10 m3; Collings et al. 1981). This procedure produced an estimate of 3.4 million adults spawning in the Bay at that time. To be conservative that number was divided in half assuming that eggs were present in only half the volume of Cape Cod Bay. Using this rough approximation and assuming that numbers of menhaden spawning in the Bay in 1975 were similar to current levels the average loss of 2,303 age 3 menhaden (1980-2009) would amount to 0.1% of the estimated spawning stock in Cape Cod Bay.

MRI completed estimates of the number of menhaden eggs and larvae passing through the Cape Cod Canal during the 1999 spawning season (TRC 2000). Estimates were based on ichthyoplankton sampling completed in the Canal near the eastern end as well as a near-canal station in Buzzards Bay and in Cape Cod Bay. The seasonal total passing through the Canal amounted to 520 million eggs and 258 million larvae. The number of menhaden eggs and larvae entrained by PNPS in 1999 amounted to 2.8 and 4.6% of those estimates, respectively.

83 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Atlantic Herring Since Atlantic herring spawn demersal, adhesive eggs primarily on offshore banks, they are not subject to entrainment at PNPS. Larval entrainment at the station ranged from 341,371 in 2007 to 43,248,000 in 1995 and averaged 6,558,300 over the 1980-2009 period. For the 2010 season the number entrained was estimated to be 3,737,447 larvae (Table 18). Since they are relatively large, no mesh adjustment factor was applied to the estimated values.

Two methods were used to determine equivalent adult Atlantic herring from the numbers entrained. The first method followed the Vaughan and Saila procedure to derive an estimate of survival from spawned egg to age 1. For this estimate fecundity was obtained from Messieh (1976); age-specific mortality of M = 0.2 was obtained from NOAA (1998) and NEFSC (1998).

A maximum age of 11 was assumed following (NEFSC 1998) and fishing mortality was set at F

= 0.2 beginning at age 1. These values provided an estimated survival rate of 5.1004E-5 for a spawned herring egg to age 1. To estimate the number of eggs which must have been spawned to produce the number of larvae entrained, individuals were assumed to average 45 days of age.

This was based on their relatively long larval period (see for example Jones et al. 1978, Folkvord et al. 1997) and the fact that spawning occurs on offshore banks. Over that 45-day period larvae were assumed to experience a mortality rate of 5.75% per day. This value equals the median summarized from various authors by Dragesund (1970). A mortality rate of 50% was assumed among spawned eggs (Lough et al. 1985). The mortality rate among eggs coupled with a 5.75%

daily mortality rate over 45 days provided a mortality rate of Se = 0.034804 from spawned egg to entrained larva. The number of entrained larvae was divided by the egg to larva mortality rate and multiplied by 5.1004E-5 to provide an estimate of age 1 herring potentially lost to entrainment. Based on an annual survival rate of 0.67 (M = 0.20, F = 0.20, see above), age 3 fish, the age at which 50% of herring recruit to the spawning stock (NOAA 1995, Overholtz 2000b), were calculated. Age 1 juveniles (sardines) were assumed to weigh 0.03 pounds and age 3 adults 0.4 pounds.

The second method to estimate equivalent adults relied on life stage data from EPA (2004): S = 0.038 for larvae and juvenile stages, and S = 0.619 for age 1 and age 2 fish. The larval survival value was adjusted following EPRI (2004) to account for the mixed ages of entrained larvae (adjusted S = 0.0739). Age 1 (sardines) juveniles were assumed to weigh 0.03 pounds and age 3 adults 0.3 pounds.

84 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring The two methods used to calculate equivalent adult herring produced an average of 8,043 age 1 (249 pounds) and 3,260 age 3 herring (1,105 pounds) that would have been lost due to entrainment in 2010. The 2010 values were below the long term average for age 1 (14,113) and age 3 (5,721) equivalents (Figure 16, Table 18). Atlantic herring larvae were assumed have 0%

survival due to insufficient species specific data on upper lethal temperatures and exposure limits.

In addition to being entrained Atlantic herring are also impinged at PNPS (see Impingement section), at an annual average of 1,077 fish from 1980-2009 ranging from 0 in 1996, 2007, and 2009 to 24,238 in 1991 (Table 19). Over the time series fish were most often impinged from late winter to spring although a relatively large number was impinged in July 1991. While some adults appeared in the catch from time to time, the majority of fish were small, ranging in length from 25 to 75 mm total length. Using the Vaughan and Saila approach impinged fish were converted to equivalent age 3 adults using the annual mortality rate given above, assuming that young fish would complete their first year. Using EPA life stage data impinged herring were converted to equivalent age 3 fish using an adjusted juvenile stage survival value (adjusted S = 0.0739) to account for the mixed ages of impinged juveniles. The calculations then used the survival values for age 1 and 2 fish above. Based on these two methods impingement would add an annual average of 638 age 3 fish to the potential number of fish lost. Since Atlantic herring are generally fragile like other members of the herring family 100% impingement mortality was assumed.

Atlantic herring have long been an important component of the commercial fishery off the northeast coast of the United States (see for example Matthiessen 2004) They were severely overfished by distant-water fleets during the 1960s and 1970s to the point where no larval herring were found on Georges Bank for a decade (Overholtz and Friedland 2002). They have since recovered and are currently abundant on Nantucket Shoals and in the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank region. Although likely to increase, landings remain low. For example, while 1.1 million pounds were landed from Statistical Area 514 in 1997, none were reported for that area from 1999 through 20035, and 14.6 million pounds were landed in 2008. Spawning stock biomass in the northeast was estimated at 400,000 metric tons (0.9 billion pounds) of adult fish 5

NOAA cautions that landings reported by water codes such as 514 may be unreliable as codes can be assigned after the fact and not necessarily based on observations or fisherman reports.

85 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring in 2008 (TRAC 2009). If spawning stock biomass in the 514 statistical area equals only one percent of the northeast stock, then the 2010 equivalent adult value resulting from entrainment and impingement at PNPS (1,121 pounds) would amount to about 0.01%. The combined time series average of 2,156 pounds would amount to about 0.02%.

Atlantic Cod Estimated numbers of Atlantic cod eggs entrained at PNPS dating back to 1980 ranged from 1,268,748 in 1993 to 20,388,850 in 1980 averaging 6,332,831 over the 30-year time series from 1980-2009. For cod larvae corresponding estimates ranged from 119,436 in 1989 to 4,215,642 in 2001, averaging 1,206,309 over the time series. Corresponding estimates for 2010 amounted to 8,707,496 eggs and 754,858 larvae. These values ranked 8th and 18th, respectively in the 77th and 43rd percentiles indicating that eggs were above average and larvae were below average in abundance in 2010 (Table 20).

Two methods were used to calculate equivalent adult Atlantic cod. The first method used the Vaughan and Saila procedure to convert the numbers of eggs and larvae to equivalent age 2 fish, the age at which 50% of the stock reaches maturity and the age at which they enter the fishery. To calculate age 0 survival using the Vaughan and Saila procedure fecundity at age was obtained by averaging values from May (1967) and Kjesbu et al.(1996). A natural mortality rate of M= 0.20 was obtained from NOAA (1998) along with a fishing mortality rate of F = 0.2 beginning at age 2. A maximum age of 6 was assumed based on their high exploitation rate (Serchuk et al 1994). Using these variables an age 0 survival rate of 1.5506E-6 was obtained.

Survival from spawned egg to entrained larva (Se) was estimated by averaging three values:

x The average larva/egg ratio obtained at PNPS from 1980-2010 following adjustment for the average age of entrained eggs; this equaled 0.0964. To derive this estimate, cod eggs were assumed to average 6 days old, half their incubation period at 5C. A 12-day incubation period was obtained from Pepin (1991) who related incubation duration to water temperature and egg diameter. A mean diameter of 1.5 mm was obtained from Colton and Marak (1969). Pepin (1991) also related daily egg mortality to water temperature. Assuming an average winter water temperature of 5C cod eggs would experience a daily instantaneous mortality rate of Me = 0.074 or 0.443 over six days. The 86 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring observed geometric mean egg/larva ratio at PNPS from 1980-2010 of 0.1502, equivalent to an instantaneous mortality rate of 1.8959 was added to 0.443 to derive the mortality rate from spawned egg to entrained larva of Ze = 2.3389 (Se = 0.0964).

x The second estimate relied on daily mortality rates given for the closely related pollock by Saila et al (1997; 0.0068). They estimated egg mortality for pollock eggs from spawning to hatch to be Ze = 0.922 and larval mortality at Z = 1.358 per mm of growth.

Assuming cod larvae entrained at PNPS average 6 mm in length and that they hatch at 3 mm (Colton and Marak 1969), they would be expected to experience a mortality rate of Z

= 4.074. Combined these estimates equal 2.4184 = Z corresponding to a survival rate from spawned egg to entrained larva of S = 0.0068.

x The third value (Se = 0.0077) was derived as follows. Larvae entrained at PNPS were assumed to average 10 days old. Eggs were assumed to require 20 days to hatch with a daily mortality rate of 10% per day (Serchuk et al. 1994). Larval mortality from hatch to day 10 was assumed to be 4% per day (Serchuk et al. 1994) providing a survival rate of 0.0077 from spawned egg to entrained larva.

The average of those three values, Se = 0.0370, was used to estimate the number of eggs necessary to yield the number of entrained larvae at PNPS. The average Se value was then applied to the number of larvae entrained each year, the result added to the number of eggs entrained and the value of age 0 survival applied to the total to provide the estimated equivalent adult values. Numbers of equivalent adults were converted to weight in pounds using an estimate of 0.5 pounds per fish.

The second method to estimate equivalent adults followed the life stage method.

Survival values were obtained from EPA (2004): S = 0.008 for eggs, S = 0.003 for larvae, S =

0.400 for juveniles, and S = 0.670 for age 1. The survival values were adjusted following EPRI (2004) to account for the mixed ages of entrained eggs and larvae (adjusted S = 0.0152 for eggs and adjusted S = 0.0059 for larvae). A weight of 0.245 pound for age 2 individuals (EPA 2004) was used to calculate weight.

The average number of age 2 fish potentially lost due to entrainment was 664 in 2010.

This was below the 1980 - 2009 mean of 1,011 age 2 fish. The 2010 average weight of 167 pounds was also below the overall mean of 254 pounds (Figure 17, Table 20). Atlantic cod eggs 87 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring and larvae were all assumed to die following entrainment since species specific data on upper lethal temperatures and exposure limits were not available.

In addition to the numbers entrained 53 Atlantic cod were estimated to have been impinged on the PNPS intake screens in 2010. That compares with an average of 68 annually from 1980-2009 ranging from 0 to 688 in 2006; no cod were impinged during 10 years (see impingement section). The number of equivalent adult Atlantic cod potentially lost to impingement was calculated by two methods. Based on size the majority of impinged cod were young fish ranging in size from 50 to 100 mm total length. The first method assumed all impinged fish were age 1 and calculated survival from a natural mortality rate of M= 0.20 obtained from NOAA (1998). The second method used annual length frequency distributions to estimate the age of impinged cod. The percent composition for each 10-mm length class was multiplied by the total estimated number of fish impinged each month to partition each monthly total into age classes. The instantaneous mortality rate for the Atlantic cod age classes were obtained from EPA (2004) and were adjusted as above in winter flounder to account for the higher probability that fish impinged later in any given year are more likely to survive to their first birthday (January 1st). Mortality rate adjustments were made for each month that juvenile fish were impinged. The mortality rate was converted to the corresponding survival rate and multiplied by the number of fish impinged during each respective month. The monthly totals were then combined to obtain an estimated annual total number of equivalent age 2 fish. The number of impinged fish would account for an additional 36 equivalent age-2 adults in 2010 and an average of 41 additional adults over the 1980-2009 time series. These totals were considered low relative to any recent landings information for the Cape Cod Bay area. For reference Area 514 landings averaged 1,636,863 pounds (s.e. = 543,890) from 1995-2009 and Massachusetts inland and near shore (< 3 miles) recreational landings averaged 452,550 pounds (s.e. = 129,450) over the same period. Atlantic cod impingement survival was assumed to be 10.7% attributable to the fish return sluiceway and the low pressure spraywash (MRI 1984). When impingement survival is considered the number of equivalent adult cod potentially lost in 2010 declined to 32 fish (13 pounds). The 1980 - 2009 time series mean also declined to 37 age 2 adults weighing 15 pounds (Figure 18, Table 22).

88 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Winter Flounder PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 3 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 20 40 60 80 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 13,745 Figure 7. Numbers of equivalent adult winter flounder estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Winter Flounder PNPS Survival Adjusted Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 3 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 9,299 Figure 8. Numbers of equivalent adult winter flounder estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

89 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Winter Flounder Abundance Massachusetts (MDMF)

Mean Number Per Tow 200 160 

120

 

 

      

80       

      

 

   

40 

0 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 Year Spring Survey Figure 9. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries spring winter flounder northern stock abundance data (mean catch per tow) from 1978-2010.

Winter Flounder Abundance Gulf of Maine Mean Number Per Tow 14



12   

 

10 



8  

   

6 

   

 

4

    

   

2  

0 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 Year Spring Survey Figure 10. NMFS spring survey winter flounder mean catch per tow in the Gulf of Maine from 1979-2010.

90 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Cunner PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 1 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 Number Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 687,943 Figure 11. Numbers of equivalent adult cunner estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Cunner PNPS Survival Adjusted Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 1 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 150,439 Figure 12. Numbers of equivalent adult cunner estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

91 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Atlantic Mackerel PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 1 1986 Age 3 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 5 10 15 20 25 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 4,818 Age 1 or 1,753 Age 3 Figure 13. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic mackerel estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Atlantic Menhaden PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 3 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 5 10 15 20 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 2,303 Figure 14. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic menhaden estimated from to entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

92 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Atlantic Menhaden PNPS Survival Adjusted Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 Age 3 Fish 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 5 10 15 20 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 1,944 Figure 15. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic menhaden estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Atlantic Herring PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 Age 3 Fish 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 10 20 30 40 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 6,360 Figure 16. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic herring estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

93 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Atlantic Cod PNPS Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 Age 2 Fish 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 1 2 3 4 Numbers Of Fish (Thousands)

Annual Mean = 1,051 Figure 17. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic cod estimated from entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

Atlantic Cod PNPS Survival Adjusted Equivalent Adult Summary 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 Age 2 Fish 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 Annual Mean = 1,047 Figure 18. Numbers of equivalent adult Atlantic cod estimated from survival adjusted entrainment and impingement data at PNPS, 1980-2010.

94 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 5. Numbers of winter flounder eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually by stage, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weight of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by four methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Number Number Of Larvae Entrained Equivalent Age 3 Adults Of Stage Year Eggs 1 2 3 4 Total General Staged Suite 1 Staged Suite 2 Staged Suite 3 Average Entrained Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 3,513,717 8,694,456 12,714,822 7,317,129 0 28,726,407 1,773 860 12,969 6,290 4,173 2,024 4,190 4,177 5,776 3,338 1981 9,674,954 7,606,942 19,133,121 3,073,126 43,304 29,856,494 1,844 894 8,138 3,947 2,451 1,189 2,460 2,453 3,723 2,121 1982 7,001,776 2,706,834 6,724,795 11,583,134 425,011 21,439,774 1,324 642 20,811 10,093 10,669 5,174 10,712 10,680 10,879 6,647 1983 1,305,735 1,933,453 2,246,172 7,558,534 260,350 11,998,508 740 359 13,116 6,361 6,749 3,273 6,776 6,756 6,845 4,187 1984 341,424 166,925 0 164,036 15,729 346,690 21 10 349 111 249 121 250 249 217 123 1985 32,717,535 1,039,001 2,312,789 8,025,452 130,786 11,508,028 720 349 12,980 6,295 5,714 2,771 5,736 5,719 6,288 3,784 1986 5,118,035 5,397,403 5,783,669 3,963,747 77,005 15,221,823 940 456 7,392 3,585 3,029 1,469 3,041 3,031 3,600 2,135 1987 20,782,324 0 5,613 23,555 0 3,534,685 218 107 84 53 34 16 34 34 92 53 1988 3,494,771 1,995,968 1,656,376 15,079,960 511,009 19,243,314 1,188 576 25,590 12,411 13,327 6,464 13,380 13,340 13,371 8,198 1989 6,423,987 1,668,823 5,755,240 2,224,675 39,114 9,687,851 599 291 4,491 2,178 1,703 826 1,709 1,704 2,126 1,250 1990 48,501 643,683 1,155,404 6,846,718 33,002 8,678,807 535 260 10,341 5,015 4,033 1,956 4,049 4,037 4,740 2,817 1991 1,217,178 3,471,022 3,908,488 5,188,056 37,717 12,605,283 778 377 8,520 4,132 3,246 1,574 3,259 3,249 3,951 2,333 1992 4,124,308 873,660 876,914 7,034,690 26,192 8,811,456 545 264 10,540 5,112 4,065 1,972 4,081 4,069 4,808 2,854 1993 3,078,941 1,595,700 3,540,750 4,934,952 88,617 10,160,019 627 304 8,374 4,061 3,619 1,755 3,633 3,622 4,063 2,436 1994 2,530,707 1,034,617 6,433,716 13,060,373 172,606 20,701,312 1,277 620 21,147 10,256 8,884 4,309 8,920 8,893 10,057 6,019 1995 2,766,716 1,632,907 2,820,023 8,826,496 375,857 13,655,283 843 409 15,810 7,668 8,615 4,178 8,649 8,623 8,479 5,220 1996 4,896,687 504,810 5,818,499 11,329,855 995,127 18,648,292 1,151 558 24,027 11,653 16,305 7,908 16,370 16,321 14,463 9,110 1997 3,609,393 2,225,634 9,537,788 41,484,016 2,126,280 55,373,718 3,416 1,657 75,896 36,810 44,059 21,369 44,235 44,103 41,902 25,984 1998 1,035,001 3,111,891 20,282,772 58,546,916 4,904,482 86,846,061 5,356 2,597 120,935 58,653 81,643 39,597 81,970 81,724 72,476 45,643 1999 1,409,453 2,030,743 496,056 977,373 1,345 3,505,517 216 106 1,578 447 553 268 555 553 726 344 2000 1,693,672 33,482 170,475 5,391,088 0 5,595,045 346 168 7,836 3,800 2,899 1,406 2,911 2,902 3,498 2,069 2001 330,283 4,638,546 13,093,697 37,019,304 263,144 55,014,691 3,393 1,645 57,636 27,953 22,791 11,054 22,882 22,813 26,675 15,866 2002 28,637 1,389,319 6,911,151 14,802,848 1,232,865 24,336,183 1,501 728 30,840 14,957 20,602 9,992 20,684 20,622 18,407 11,575 2003 1,977,333 700,749 480,190 3,040,299 154,185 4,245,138 270 131 5,538 2,686 3,211 1,557 3,224 3,214 3,061 1,897 2004 246,468 159,859 10,431,901 49,597,823 2,044,822 62,234,406 3,838 1,861 87,163 42,274 47,596 23,084 47,786 47,643 46,596 28,716 2005 243,151 158,986 7,470,964 20,441,584 4,277,092 32,348,626 1,995 968 59,396 28,807 54,575 26,469 54,794 54,629 42,690 27,718 2006 758,001 0 1,394,121 6,306,024 488,047 8,188,192 505 245 12,618 6,120 8,371 4,060 8,405 8,379 7,475 4,701 2007 125,635 703,347 3,928,911 3,769,052 236,079 8,637,389 533 259 7,698 3,734 4,494 2,180 4,511 4,498 4,309 2,667 2008 1,192,616 1,197,418 6,579,471 3,934,150 261,747 11,972,786 739 358 8,559 4,151 4,892 2,372 4,911 4,896 4,775 2,945 2009 635,509 72,902 4,136,179 7,462,932 111,928 11,783,940 727 353 12,228 5,931 5,218 2,531 5,239 5,223 5,853 3,509 1

Mean 3,614,239 2,043,648 5,921,231 13,172,154 689,918 21,822,298 1,347 653 24,720 11,978 14,196 6,885 14,253 14,210 13,629 8,432 s.e. 1,168,682 413,097 995,080 2,820,350 234,065 3,783,986 233 113 5,465 2,653 3,672 1,781 3,687 3,676 3,235 2,039 1

Minimum 28,637 0 170,475 977,373 0 3,505,517 216 106 1,578 447 553 268 555 553 726 344 1

Maximum 32,717,535 8,694,456 20,282,772 58,546,916 4,904,482 86,846,061 5,356 2,597 120,935 58,653 81,643 39,597 81,970 81,724 72,476 45,643 2010 756,692 731,634 3,813,055 5,248,385 388,692 10,181,766 628 305 10,842 5,259 6,837 3,316 6,865 6,844 6,293 3,931 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Mesh factor = 1.24 applied to eggs prior to 1995.

Mesh factor = 1.62 applied to Stages 1 and 2 prior to 1995.

Larval densites recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters, see text for details.

Weights for General, Staged Suite 1, and Staged Suite 2 are based on 0.485 pounds per fish. Weights for Staged Suite 3 are based on 0.997 pounds per fish.

95 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 6. Numbers of winter flounder eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS by stage, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Number Number Of Adjusted Larvae Entrained Equivalent Age 3 Adults Of Adjusted Stage Year Eggs 1 2 3 4 Total Staged Suite 1 Staged Suite 2 Staged Suite 3 Average Entrained Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 3,513,717 8,694,456 12,714,822 3,739,053 0 25,148,331 7,790 3,778 2,252 1,092 2,261 2,254 4,101 2,375 1981 9,674,954 7,606,942 19,133,121 1,570,367 21,916 28,332,347 5,819 2,822 1,427 692 1,432 1,428 2,893 1,647 1982 7,001,776 2,706,834 6,724,795 5,918,981 215,098 15,565,709 11,210 5,437 5,495 2,665 5,516 5,500 7,407 4,534 1983 1,305,735 1,933,453 2,246,172 3,862,411 131,763 8,173,798 6,907 3,350 3,458 1,677 3,471 3,461 4,612 2,829 1984 341,424 166,925 0 83,822 7,960 258,707 181 111 127 62 127 127 145 100 1985 32,717,535 1,039,001 2,312,789 4,101,006 66,191 7,518,987 6,867 3,330 2,950 1,431 2,962 2,953 4,260 2,571 1986 5,118,035 5,397,403 5,783,669 2,025,475 38,972 13,245,519 4,332 2,101 1,601 776 1,608 1,603 2,514 1,493 1987 20,782,324 0 5,613 12,037 0 17,650 67 53 27 13 35 35 43 34 1988 3,494,771 1,995,968 1,656,376 7,705,859 258,622 11,616,826 13,229 6,416 6,803 3,299 6,830 6,809 8,954 5,508 1989 6,423,987 1,668,823 5,755,240 1,136,809 19,795 8,580,667 2,787 1,352 922 447 926 923 1,545 907 1990 48,501 643,683 1,155,404 3,498,673 16,702 5,314,462 5,386 2,612 2,070 1,004 2,078 2,072 3,178 1,896 1991 1,217,178 3,471,022 3,908,488 2,651,096 19,088 10,049,695 4,724 2,291 1,694 822 1,701 1,696 2,706 1,603 1992 4,124,308 873,660 876,914 3,594,727 13,256 5,358,557 5,474 2,655 2,086 1,012 2,094 2,088 3,218 1,918 1993 3,078,941 1,595,700 3,540,750 2,521,761 44,849 7,703,060 4,589 2,226 1,878 911 1,886 1,880 2,784 1,672 1994 2,530,707 1,034,617 6,433,716 6,673,851 87,356 14,229,540 11,333 5,497 4,589 2,226 4,607 4,593 6,843 4,105 1995 2,766,716 1,632,907 2,820,023 422,339 190,221 5,065,491 8,322 4,036 4,411 2,139 2,224 2,218 4,986 2,798 1996 4,896,687 504,810 5,818,499 5,789,556 503,634 12,616,499 12,722 6,170 8,335 4,042 8,368 8,343 9,808 6,185 1997 3,609,393 2,225,634 9,537,788 21,198,332 1,076,110 34,037,864 39,514 19,164 22,494 10,910 22,584 22,516 28,197 17,530 1998 1,035,001 3,111,891 20,282,772 29,917,474 2,482,158 55,794,295 63,306 30,703 41,653 20,202 41,819 41,694 48,926 30,866 1999 1,409,453 2,030,743 496,056 499,438 681 3,026,918 881 447 289 140 292 291 487 293 2000 1,693,672 33,482 170,475 2,754,846 0 2,958,803 4,020 1,950 1,484 720 1,490 1,485 2,331 1,385 2001 330,283 4,638,546 13,093,697 18,916,864 133,177 36,782,285 30,564 14,824 11,750 5,699 11,797 11,762 18,037 10,761 2002 28,637 1,389,319 6,911,151 7,564,255 623,953 16,488,678 16,292 7,902 10,527 5,106 10,569 10,537 12,463 7,848 2003 1,977,333 700,749 480,190 1,553,593 78,033 2,812,564 2,877 1,395 1,639 795 1,646 1,641 2,054 1,277 2004 246,468 159,859 10,431,901 25,344,488 1,034,884 36,971,132 45,307 21,974 24,309 11,790 24,407 24,333 31,341 19,366 2005 243,151 158,986 7,470,964 10,445,649 2,164,636 20,240,236 30,809 14,942 27,739 13,453 27,850 27,767 28,799 18,721 2006 758,001 0 1,394,121 3,222,378 247,001 4,863,500 6,544 3,174 4,266 2,069 4,283 4,270 5,031 3,171 2007 125,635 703,347 3,928,911 1,925,985 119,479 6,677,723 4,251 2,062 2,319 1,125 2,328 2,321 2,966 1,836 2008 1,192,616 1,197,418 6,579,471 2,010,351 132,470 9,919,710 4,911 2,382 2,545 1,234 2,555 2,547 3,337 2,054 2009 635,509 72,902 4,136,179 3,813,558 56,647 8,079,285 6,576 3,189 2,697 1,308 2,707 2,699 3,993 2,399 1

Mean 3,614,239 2,043,648 5,921,231 6,584,971 349,168 14,899,017 13,119 6,364 7,274 3,528 7,225 7,203 9,206 5,698 s.e. 1,168,682 413,097 995,080 1,456,841 118,460 2,441,007 2,837 1,376 1,870 907 1,884 1,878 2,179 1,377 1

Minimum 28,637 0 170,475 422,339 0 2,812,564 881 447 289 140 292 291 487 293 1

Maximum 32,717,535 8,694,456 20,282,772 29,917,474 2,482,158 55,794,295 63,306 30,703 41,653 20,202 41,819 41,694 48,926 30,866 2010 756,692 731,634 3,813,055 2,681,925 196,717 7,423,331 5,845 2,835 3,508 1,702 3,522 3,512 4,292 2,683 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Mesh factor = 1.24 applied to eggs prior to 1995.

Mesh factor = 1.62 applied to Stages 1 and 2 prior to 1995.

Larval densites recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters, see text for details.

Weights for Staged Suite 1 and Staged Suite 2 are based on 0.485 pounds per fish. Weights for Staged Suite 3 are based on 0.997 pounds per fish.

Winter flounder eggs, and stage 1 and stage 2 larvae were assumed to have zero survival.

Winter flounder stage 3 larvae were assumed to have 48.90% survival, and stage 4 larvae were assumed to have 49.39% survival.

96 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 7. Numbers of winter flounder impinged at PNPS annually, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods are also shown.

Estimated Equivalent Age 3 Adults Year Annual Number General Staged Staged Suite 3 Average Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 297 34 16 36 17 59 59 43 31 1981 249 29 14 30 15 57 57 39 28 1982 297 34 16 36 17 128 128 66 54 1983 232 27 13 28 14 24 24 26 17 1984 47 5 2 6 3 6 6 6 4 1985 884 102 49 106 51 120 120 109 74 1986 908 105 51 109 53 62 62 92 55 1987 138 16 8 17 8 16 16 16 11 1988 556 64 31 67 32 44 44 58 36 1989 1,119 129 63 134 65 105 105 123 77 1990 336 39 19 40 19 36 36 38 25 1991 694 80 39 83 40 86 86 83 55 1992 787 91 44 94 46 142 142 109 77 1993 1,181 136 66 141 68 115 115 131 83 1994 1,018 117 57 122 59 116 116 118 77 1995 1,628 188 91 195 95 223 222 202 136 1996 857 99 48 103 50 137 137 113 78 1997 608 70 34 73 35 62 62 68 44 1998 2,069 238 115 248 120 217 216 234 151 1999 1,021 118 57 122 59 87 87 109 68 2000 1,358 156 76 163 79 74 74 131 76 2001 1,729 199 97 207 100 177 176 194 124 2002 1,466 169 82 176 85 104 104 150 90 2003 1,435 165 80 172 83 94 94 144 86 2004 2,021 233 113 242 117 141 141 205 124 2005 2,688 310 150 322 156 151 151 261 152 2006 1,242 143 69 149 72 99 99 130 80 2007 715 82 40 86 42 107 107 92 63 2008 1,010 116 56 121 59 144 144 127 86 2009 672 77 38 80 39 39 39 66 38 1

Mean 1,038 120 58 124 60 105 105 117 74 s.e. 114 13 6 14 7 10 10 11 7 1

Minimum 232 27 13 28 14 24 24 26 17 1

Maximum 2,688 310 150 322 156 223 222 261 152 2010 1,005 116 56 120 58 100 100 112 71 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Weights for General and Staged methods are based on 0.485 pounds per fish.

Weights for Staged Suite 3 are based on 0.997 pounds per fish.

97 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 8. Numbers of winter flounder impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by three methods are also shown.

Equivalent Age 3 Adults Year Adjusted General Staged Staged Suite 3 Average Number Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 231 27 13 28 13 46 46 33 24 1981 194 22 11 23 11 45 45 30 22 1982 232 27 13 28 13 100 100 52 42 1983 181 21 10 22 11 20 20 21 14 1984 37 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 3 1985 684 79 38 82 40 94 94 85 57 1986 701 81 39 84 41 48 48 71 43 1987 108 12 6 13 6 13 13 13 8 1988 431 50 24 52 25 36 36 46 28 1989 865 100 48 104 50 82 82 95 60 1990 261 30 15 31 15 27 27 29 19 1991 540 62 30 65 31 68 68 65 43 1992 609 70 34 73 35 110 110 84 60 1993 912 105 51 109 53 90 90 101 65 1994 789 91 44 94 46 91 91 92 60 1995 1,258 145 70 151 73 173 172 156 105 1996 663 76 37 79 39 108 108 88 61 1997 473 54 26 57 27 50 50 54 35 1998 1,595 184 89 191 93 169 168 181 117 1999 788 91 44 94 46 69 69 85 53 2000 1,047 121 58 125 61 105 105 117 75 2001 1,334 154 75 160 77 138 138 150 97 2002 1,131 130 63 135 66 118 118 128 82 2003 1,000 115 56 120 58 83 83 106 66 2004 1,559 180 87 187 91 112 112 159 96 2005 2,070 238 116 248 120 229 228 238 155 2006 959 110 54 115 56 78 78 101 62 2007 553 64 31 66 32 84 84 71 49 2008 779 90 44 93 45 113 113 99 67 2009 526 61 29 63 31 32 32 52 31 1

Mean 799 92 45 96 46 90 90 93 60 s.e. 87 10 5 10 5 9 9 10 6 1

Minimum 37 4 2 4 2 5 5 5 3 1

Maximum 2,070 238 116 248 120 229 228 238 155 2010 788 91 44 94 46 80 80 88 57 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Impingement survival was assumed to be 23.1% attributable to the fish return sluiceway and low pressure spraywash.

Weights for General and Staged methods are based on 0.485 pounds per fish.

Weights for Life Stage are based on 0.997 pounds per fish.

98 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 9. Numbers of cunner eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Equivalent Age 1 Adults Year Total Number Entrained Method 1 Method 2 Average Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 3,257,891,776 120,991,540 882,027 105,843 1,278,287 3,835 1,080,157 54,839 1981 6,576,294,915 576,322,566 3,163,174 379,581 4,486,298 13,459 3,824,736 196,520 1982 2,010,779,150 10,136,561 275,664 33,080 418,548 1,256 347,106 17,168 1983 5,895,329,347 42,488,978 861,381 103,366 1,300,417 3,901 1,080,899 53,633 1984 56,209,029 43,701 6,708 805 10,325 31 8,516 418 1985 2,021,886,071 39,882,271 400,807 48,097 591,259 1,774 496,033 24,935 1986 1,493,653,289 26,913,778 285,480 34,258 422,159 1,266 353,819 17,762 1987 1,122,803,794 239,840 131,360 15,763 202,605 608 166,983 8,186 1988 1,539,089,318 7,376,502 209,407 25,129 318,171 955 263,789 13,042 1989 4,469,416,004 52,188,130 736,212 88,345 1,100,532 3,302 918,372 45,823 1990 1,336,048,112 172,098,797 871,690 104,603 1,227,175 3,682 1,049,433 54,142 1991 675,000,390 16,735,627 148,052 17,766 217,024 651 182,538 9,209 1992 2,174,661,078 2,791,875 264,110 31,693 405,766 1,217 334,938 16,455 1993 3,235,317,207 15,250,109 439,129 52,695 667,358 2,002 553,243 27,349 1994 1,558,253,667 9,986,072 222,498 26,700 336,583 1,010 279,541 13,855 1995 4,116,491,874 47,130,178 674,176 80,901 1,008,252 3,025 841,214 41,963 1996 2,807,124,109 17,418,813 398,444 47,813 603,064 1,809 500,754 24,811 1997 1,718,289,720 99,634,994 614,351 73,722 879,788 2,639 747,070 38,181 1998 4,341,664,826 370,217,451 2,045,563 245,468 2,902,906 8,709 2,474,234 127,088 1999 1,098,618,436 46,550,682 321,377 38,565 464,063 1,392 392,720 19,979 2000 1,349,685,330 63,093,975 419,409 50,329 604,006 1,812 511,708 26,071 2001 2,744,377,803 71,295,038 615,484 73,858 901,031 2,703 758,258 38,281 2002 580,954,607 15,566,804 132,267 15,872 193,461 580 162,864 8,226 2003 759,226,058 4,557,281 107,124 12,855 162,224 487 134,674 6,671 2004 1,452,433,321 19,052,802 247,963 29,756 369,655 1,109 308,809 15,432 2005 816,334,983 19,546,053 176,164 21,140 258,484 775 217,324 10,958 2006 1,033,954,109 14,140,211 178,922 21,471 266,460 799 222,691 11,135 2007 1,384,419,011 10,574,648 204,766 24,572 308,806 926 256,786 12,749 2008 1,102,923,951 42,052,473 303,148 36,378 439,018 1,317 371,083 18,847 2009 2,612,626,136 41,475,460 476,027 56,885 706,275 2,119 590,159 29,502 1

Mean 2,291,526,593 70,552,488 559,815 67,169 815,610 2,447 687,677 34,808 s.e. 295,611,260 23,293,720 121,147 14,538 171,424 514 146,278 7,526 1

Minimum 580,954,607 2,791,875 107,124 12,855 162,224 487 134,674 6,671 1

Maximum 6,576,294,915 576,322,566 3,163,174 379,581 4,486,298 13,459 3,824,736 196,520 2010 2,555,970,632 37,470,155 452,772 54,333 673,133 2,019 562,953 28,176 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Mesh adjustment factors incorporated as necessary.

Egg and larval densities recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in waters, see text for details.

Method 1 weight based on 0.12 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.003 pounds per fish.

99 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 10. Numbers of cunner eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Total Adjusted Number Equivalent Age 1 Adults Year Entrained Method 1 Method 2 Average Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 316,015,502 52,188,454 253,988 30,479 356,162 1,068 305,075 15,774 1981 637,900,607 161,201,665 745,260 89,431 1,039,511 3,119 892,386 46,275 1982 195,045,578 2,812,358 34,355 4,123 51,097 153 42,726 2,138 1983 571,846,947 17,344,339 138,610 16,633 202,031 606 170,321 8,620 1984 5,452,276 22,725 728 87 1,108 3 918 45 1985 196,122,949 4,643,473 42,105 5,053 61,799 185 51,952 2,619 1986 144,884,369 375,307 18,384 2,206 28,120 84 23,252 1,145 1987 108,911,968 83,969 12,995 1,559 20,001 60 16,498 810 1988 149,291,664 3,615,463 32,387 3,886 47,506 143 39,947 2,014 1989 433,533,352 13,205,564 105,319 12,638 153,489 460 129,404 6,549 1990 129,596,667 88,510,263 383,578 46,029 531,214 1,594 457,396 23,812 1991 65,475,038 5,508,754 30,539 3,665 43,351 130 36,945 1,897 1992 210,942,125 1,033,522 28,794 3,455 43,737 131 36,266 1,793 1993 313,825,769 7,779,515 68,828 8,259 100,893 303 84,860 4,281 1994 151,150,606 5,145,732 38,974 4,677 56,622 170 47,798 2,423 1995 399,299,712 9,399,794 85,498 10,260 125,511 377 105,504 5,318 1996 272,291,039 7,595,788 63,241 7,589 92,395 277 77,818 3,933 1997 166,674,103 44,337,878 203,962 24,475 284,340 853 244,151 12,664 1998 421,141,488 121,472,847 554,674 66,561 772,648 2,318 663,661 34,439 1999 106,565,988 8,822,383 49,107 5,893 69,733 209 59,420 3,051 2000 130,919,477 21,257,305 103,710 12,445 145,466 436 124,588 6,441 2001 266,204,647 30,182,136 156,577 18,789 220,934 663 188,756 9,726 2002 56,352,597 6,871,478 35,154 4,218 49,537 149 42,345 2,184 2003 73,644,928 352,711 10,019 1,202 15,223 46 12,621 624 2004 140,886,032 5,152,826 37,812 4,537 54,823 164 46,318 2,351 2005 79,184,493 4,120,844 26,352 3,162 37,842 114 32,097 1,638 2006 100,293,549 919,390 15,473 1,857 23,251 70 19,362 963 2007 134,288,644 1,382,286 21,347 2,562 32,001 96 26,674 1,329 2008 106,983,623 17,505,914 85,311 10,237 119,646 359 102,478 5,298 2009 253,424,735 21,194,144 117,670 13,999 167,059 501 141,857 7,250 1

Mean 222,278,080 23,711,862 124,537 14,940 175,926 528 150,213 7,734 s.e. 28,674,292 7,327,778 32,509 3,901 45,162 135 38,835 2,018 1

Minimum 56,352,597 352,711 10,019 1,202 15,223 46 12,621 624 1

Maximum 637,900,607 161,201,665 745,260 89,431 1,039,511 3,119 892,386 46,275 2010 247,929,151 18,529,225 105,936 12,712 150,779 452 128,357 6,582 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Mesh adjustment factors incorporated as necessary.

Egg and larval densities recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters, see text for details.

Method 1 weight based on 0.12 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.003 pounds per fish.

Cunner eggs were assumed to have 90% survival. Cunner larvae were assumed to have 100% survival at temperatures between 25 and 30°C and 48% survival at temperatures between 30 and 35°C.

100 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 11. Numbers of cunner impinged at PNPS annually, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1+ adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Total Equivalent Age 1+ Adults Year Number Method 1 Method 2 Average Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 1,043 1,043 125 373 1 708 63 1981 870 870 104 508 2 689 53 1982 610 610 73 446 1 528 37 1983 196 196 24 187 1 192 12 1984 45 45 5 32 0 38 3 1985 580 580 70 537 2 559 36 1986 270 270 32 271 1 271 17 1987 115 115 14 80 0 98 7 1988 97 97 12 56 0 77 6 1989 199 199 24 133 0 166 12 1990 210 210 25 213 1 212 13 1991 182 182 22 179 1 181 11 1992 28 28 3 22 0 25 2 1993 93 93 11 83 0 88 6 1994 77 77 9 77 0 77 5 1995 346 346 42 201 1 274 21 1996 332 332 40 256 1 294 20 1997 41 41 5 32 0 37 3 1998 101 101 12 101 0 101 6 1999 153 153 18 119 0 136 9 2000 348 348 42 228 1 288 21 2001 140 140 17 77 0 109 9 2002 59 59 7 31 0 45 4 2003 172 172 21 49 0 111 10 2004 240 240 29 169 1 204 15 2005 716 716 86 485 1 600 44 2006 384 384 46 156 0 270 23 2007 367 367 44 226 1 296 22 2008 247 247 30 210 1 229 15 2009 895 895 107 501 2 698 54 1

Mean 321 321 39 212 1 266 20 s.e. 52 52 6 30 0 40 3 1

Minimum 28 28 3 22 0 25 2 1

Maximum 1,043 1,043 125 537 2 708 63 2010 535 535 64 348 1 442 33 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Method 1 weight based on 0.12 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.003 pounds per fish.

101 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 12. Numbers of cunner impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 adults calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Adjusted Equivalent Age 1 Adults Year Number Method 1 Method 2 Average Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 931 931 112 507 2 719 57 1981 777 777 93 431 1 604 47 1982 545 545 65 348 1 447 33 1983 175 175 21 97 0 136 11 1984 40 40 5 29 0 35 2 1985 518 518 62 354 1 436 32 1986 241 241 29 175 1 208 15 1987 103 103 12 58 0 81 6 1988 87 87 10 50 0 69 5 1989 177 177 21 96 0 137 11 1990 188 188 23 126 0 157 11 1991 162 162 19 124 0 143 10 1992 25 25 3 15 0 20 2 1993 83 83 10 55 0 69 5 1994 69 69 8 47 0 58 4 1995 309 309 37 183 1 246 19 1996 297 297 36 177 1 237 18 1997 37 37 4 25 0 31 2 1998 90 90 11 59 0 75 5 1999 136 136 16 105 0 121 8 2000 310 310 37 188 1 249 19 2001 125 125 15 90 0 108 8 2002 53 53 6 28 0 41 3 2003 154 154 18 44 0 99 9 2004 214 214 26 151 0 183 13 2005 639 639 77 433 1 536 39 2006 343 343 41 151 0 247 21 2007 328 328 39 202 1 265 20 2008 221 221 27 83 0 152 13 2009 799 799 96 281 1 540 48 1

Mean 287 287 34 165 0 226 17 s.e. 47 47 6 26 0 36 3 1

Minimum 25 25 3 15 0 20 2 1

Maximum 931 931 112 507 2 719 57 2010 478 478 57 308 1 393 29 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Cunner impinged were assumed to have a 10.7% survival attributable to the fish return sluiceway and the low pressure spraywash.

Method 1 weight based on 0.12 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.003 pounds per fish.

102 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 13. Numbers of Atlantic mackerel eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 and age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Equivalent Age 1 Juveniles and Age 3 Adults Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Total Number Entrained Age 1 Juveniles Age 3 Adult Age 1 Juveniles Age 3 Adult Age 1 Juveniles Age 3 Adult Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 81,599,432 22,293,108 1,373 275 564 395 1,447 447 463 296 1,410 361 513 345 1981 183,959,791 320,135,596 16,275 3,255 6,691 4,684 16,643 5,143 5,323 3,401 16,459 4,199 6,007 4,043 1982 108,234,931 9,388,143 835 167 343 240 918 284 294 188 877 225 318 214 1983 148,616,621 41,333,673 2,536 507 1,042 730 2,671 825 854 546 2,603 666 948 638 1984 570,854 2,480 2 0 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1985 1,867,648,438 45,711,343 8,727 1,745 3,588 2,512 10,079 3,114 3,223 2,060 9,403 2,430 3,406 2,286 1986 219,488,066 58,333,520 3,612 722 1,485 1,040 3,811 1,177 1,219 779 3,711 950 1,352 909 1987 2,397,224 107,727 14 3 6 4 15 5 5 3 14 4 5 4 1988 2,663,608,568 3,401,489 9,429 1,886 3,877 2,714 11,310 3,495 3,617 2,311 10,369 2,690 3,747 2,512 1989 4,673,915,938 65,562,469 19,455 3,891 7,999 5,599 22,801 7,046 7,292 4,660 21,128 5,468 7,646 5,130 1990 2,313,416,455 4,627,282 8,271 1,654 3,401 2,380 9,906 3,061 3,168 2,024 9,088 2,358 3,284 2,202 1991 479,761,865 66,009,482 4,892 978 2,011 1,408 5,280 1,631 1,689 1,079 5,086 1,305 1,850 1,243 1992 377,610,764 8,086,393 1,708 342 702 492 1,980 612 633 405 1,844 477 668 448 1993 1,801,378,418 8,325,789 6,671 1,334 2,743 1,920 7,948 2,456 2,542 1,624 7,309 1,895 2,642 1,772 1994 520,917,221 3,419,299 1,978 396 813 569 2,348 726 751 480 2,163 561 782 525 1995 1,767,609,278 197,689,693 15,802 3,160 6,497 4,548 17,196 5,314 5,500 3,514 16,499 4,237 5,998 4,031 1996 1,507,370,682 70,947,053 8,707 1,741 3,580 2,506 9,823 3,035 3,142 2,007 9,265 2,388 3,361 2,257 1997 316,969,390 25,778,062 2,361 472 971 680 2,604 805 833 532 2,483 638 902 606 1998 530,017,006 56,622,648 4,609 922 1,895 1,326 5,025 1,553 1,607 1,027 4,817 1,237 1,751 1,177 1999 6,182,166 311,394 37 7 15 11 41 13 13 8 39 10 14 10 2000 619,863,003 16,496,664 2,961 592 1,218 852 3,411 1,054 1,091 697 3,186 823 1,154 775 2001 134,385,477 4,839,176 704 141 289 203 802 248 257 164 753 194 273 183 2002 280,852,511 3,704,444 1,158 232 476 333 1,358 420 434 278 1,258 326 455 305 2003 310,982,536 4,924,563 1,322 264 544 380 1,545 477 494 316 1,433 371 519 348 2004 70,143,355 10,894,804 776 155 319 223 834 258 267 170 805 206 293 197 2005 86,441,242 2,782,044 436 87 179 126 500 154 160 102 468 121 170 114 2006 154,562,772 9,370,507 995 199 409 286 1,111 343 355 227 1,053 271 382 257 2007 97,050,673 6,522,372 656 131 270 189 729 225 233 149 693 178 251 169 2008 98,816,053 609,492 373 75 154 107 444 137 142 91 408 106 148 99 2009 60,306,471 1,407,741 278 55 114 80 322 100 103 66 299 77 108 73 1

Mean 767,203,897 38,197,437 4,533 907 1,864 1,305 5,103 1,577 1,632 1,043 4,818 1,242 1,748 1,174 s.e. 204,855,181 12,952,531 1,006 201 414 290 1,129 349 361 231 1,067 275 387 260 1

Minimum 6,182,166 311,394 37 7 15 11 41 13 13 8 39 10 14 10 1

Maximum 4,673,915,938 320,135,596 19,455 3,891 7,999 5,599 22,801 7,046 7,292 4,660 21,128 5,468 7,646 5,130 2010 72,370,028 779,129 290 58 119 120 341 105 109 70 316 82 114 95 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Mesh adjustment factors incorporated as necessary.

Egg and larval densities recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters, see text for details.

Method 1 weight based on 0.2 pound per fish for Age 1 and 0.7 pound per fish for Age 3. Method 2 weight based on 0.309 pounds per fish for Age 1 and 0.639 pound per fish for Age 3.

Atlantic mackerel eggs and larvae entrained were assumed to have zero survival.

103 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 14. Numbers of Atlantic mackerel impinged at PNPS annually, 1980 - 2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 adults calculated by two methods are also shown.

Equivalent Age 3 Adults Year Estimated Annual Method 1 Method 2 Average Number Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1981 49 49 34 0 0 25 17 1982 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1983 12 12 8 0 0 6 4 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1986 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 24 24 17 0 0 12 8 1989 29 29 20 0 0 15 10 1990 13 13 9 0 0 7 5 1991 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1992 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1993 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1994 12 12 8 0 0 6 4 1995 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1999 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2005 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2007 15 15 11 0 0 8 5 2008 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 60 60 42 60 38 60 40 1

Mean 8 8 5 2 1 5 3 s.e. 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Maximum 60 60 42 60 38 60 40 2010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Method 1 weight based on 0.7 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.639 pound per fish.

Atlantic mackerel impinged were assumed to have zero survival.

104 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 15. Numbers of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Equivalent Age 2 and Age 3 Adults Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Total Number Entrained Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number 1980 16,468,408 12,060,791 2,819 1,691 731 430 101 91 1,625 896 411 1981 3,473,080 40,076,799 7,950 4,770 2,061 1,106 260 235 4,528 2,515 1,148 1982 365,091,471 1,845,849 10,450 6,270 2,709 2,361 555 501 6,405 3,412 1,605 1983 869,580 1,227,190 265 159 69 39 9 8 152 84 38 1984 300,943 0 131 79 34 2 0 0 67 40 17 1985 41,131,470 9,190,654 2,938 1,763 761 509 120 108 1,723 941 435 1986 21,112,802 3,654,854 1,300 780 337 232 55 49 766 417 193 1987 135,755 731,741 314 189 82 21 5 4 168 97 43 1988 9,273,771 2,713,857 788 473 204 132 31 28 460 252 116 1989 11,212,165 4,411,807 1,174 705 304 190 45 40 682 375 172 1990 7,057,041 3,263,718 835 501 216 133 31 28 484 266 122 1991 5,744,115 512,319 259 155 67 50 12 11 155 84 39 1992 392,533 1,117,881 230 138 60 33 8 7 131 73 33 1993 947,815,345 11,833,443 28,508 17,105 7,389 6,320 1,485 1,341 17,414 9,295 4,365 1994 10,221,752 2,361,834 745 447 193 129 30 27 437 239 110 1995 3,280,481 12,419,886 2,525 1,515 654 357 84 76 1,441 799 365 1996 4,861,265 8,660,874 1,832 1,099 475 265 62 56 1,048 581 266 1997 48,899,715 48,283,152 10,814 6,488 2,803 1,615 380 343 6,215 3,434 1,573 1998 44,730,447 33,280,806 7,758 4,655 2,011 1,183 278 251 4,471 2,467 1,131 1999 10,385,304 18,939,526 4,185 2,511 1,085 578 136 123 2,381 1,323 604 2000 882,086 809,127 183 110 47 27 6 6 105 58 27 2001 4,025,648 1,251,898 357 214 92 59 14 13 208 114 53 2002 14,464,446 5,164,308 1,412 847 366 231 54 49 822 451 208 2003 6,122,068 4,059,959 965 579 250 149 35 32 557 307 141 2004 613,682 176,011 51 31 13 9 2 2 30 16 8 2005 1,402,677 17,566,121 3,481 2,089 902 484 114 103 1,983 1,101 503 2006 1,681,187 22,066,458 4,371 2,623 1,133 607 143 129 2,489 1,383 631 2007 8,328,758 17,482,918 3,657 2,194 948 14,572 3,424 3,093 9,114 2,809 2,020 2008 3,085,175 69,472,958 13,701 8,221 3,551 2,019 474 475 7,860 4,347 2,013 2009 203,077 14,512,115 2,850 1,659 739 394 93 84 1,579 876 400 1

Mean 56,886,770 13,157,754 4,157 2,493 1,078 1,222 287 261 2,688 1,390 669 s.e. 35,425,186 3,129,038 1,133 680 294 548 129 116 724 371 179 1

Minimum 203,077 176,011 51 31 13 9 2 2 30 16 8 1

Maximum 947,815,345 69,472,958 28,508 17,105 7,389 14,572 3,424 3,093 17,414 9,295 4,365 2010 21,379,962 5,751,886 1,718 1,031 445 291 68 62 1,004 550 253 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Egg and larval densities recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters, see text for details.

Method 1 weight based on 0.6 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.235 pound per fish.

105 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 16. Numbers of Atlantic menhaden eggs and larvae entrained adjusted for survival at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown. Estimates based on normal operation flow.

Equivalent Age 2 and Age 3 Adults Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Adjusted Number Entrained Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number 1980 3,293,682 5,780,660 1,224 734 317 177 42 38 701 388 177 1981 694,616 19,776,470 3,895 2,337 1,010 539 127 114 2,217 1,232 562 1982 73,018,294 1,225,310 2,258 1,355 585 495 116 105 1,377 736 345 1983 173,916 808,723 163 98 42 23 5 5 93 52 24 1984 60,189 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1985 8,226,294 4,253,143 1,061 637 275 167 39 35 614 338 155 1986 4,222,560 1,694,157 449 269 116 73 17 15 261 143 66 1987 27,151 469,555 93 56 24 13 3 3 53 29 13 1988 1,854,754 2,001,043 443 266 115 66 15 14 255 141 64 1989 2,242,433 2,451,756 542 325 141 80 19 17 311 172 79 1990 1,411,408 2,189,095 468 281 121 68 16 14 268 148 68 1991 1,148,823 230,543 77 46 20 14 3 3 45 25 11 1992 78,507 641,934 128 77 33 18 4 4 73 40 18 1993 189,563,069 8,077,164 6,821 4,092 1,768 1,418 333 301 4,120 2,213 1,035 1994 2,044,350 1,155,213 283 170 73 44 10 9 164 90 41 1995 656,096 5,932,286 1,181 708 306 165 39 35 673 374 170 1996 972,253 4,878,306 983 590 255 138 32 29 560 311 142 1997 9,779,943 29,172,650 5,988 3,593 1,552 851 200 181 3,419 1,896 866 1998 8,946,089 24,529,846 5,055 3,033 1,310 720 169 153 2,887 1,601 731 1999 2,077,061 13,174,086 2,639 1,584 684 369 87 78 1,504 835 381 2000 176,417 497,183 102 61 27 15 3 3 58 32 15 2001 805,130 762,485 172 103 45 26 6 5 99 55 25 2002 2,892,889 3,839,619 832 499 216 122 29 26 477 264 121 2003 1,224,414 2,238,968 473 284 123 68 16 14 270 150 69 2004 122,736 169,682 37 22 9 5 1 1 21 12 5 2005 280,535 7,904,754 1,557 934 404 216 51 46 886 492 225 2006 336,237 6,459,340 1,275 765 331 177 42 38 726 403 184 2007 1,665,752 9,867,163 1,092 655 283 10,953 2,574 2,325 6,022 1,615 1,304 2008 617,035 52,641,902 10,334 6,200 2,679 1,427 335 303 5,881 3,268 1,491 2009 40,615 10,869,225 2,131 1,241 552 294 69 62 1,181 655 299 1

Mean 11,377,354 7,972,240 1,845 1,106 478 669 157 142 1,256 631 310 s.e. 7,085,037 2,165,964 465 279 121 388 91 82 321 152 77 1

Minimum 40,615 169,682 37 22 9 5 1 1 21 12 5 1

Maximum 189,563,069 52,641,902 10,334 6,200 2,679 10,953 2,574 2,325 6,022 3,268 1,491 2010 4,275,992 4,119,483 926 463 240 138 33 29 532 248 135 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Egg and larval densities recorded in 1984, 1987, and 1999 are believed to be low relative to densities in surrounding waters.

Method 1 weight based on 0.5 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.235 pound per fish.

Atlantic menhaden eggs were assumed to have 80% survival. Atlantic menhaden larvae were assumed to have 55% survival at temperatures between 25 and 30°C, and 24% survival at temperatures between 30 and 35°C.

106 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 17. Numbers of Atlantic menhaden impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 and 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Estimated Equivalent Age 2 and Age 3 Adults Annual Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Number Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Age 2 Age 3 Impinged Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number Number Weight (lbs) Number 1980 226 37 22 10 104 25 22 71 23 16 1981 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1982 171 28 17 7 102 24 22 65 20 14 1983 522 85 51 22 223 53 47 154 52 35 1984 11 2 1 0 5 1 1 3 1 1 1985 1,491 243 146 63 567 133 120 405 140 92 1986 953 155 93 40 406 95 86 281 94 63 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 177 29 17 7 73 17 16 51 17 12 1989 2,020 329 197 85 845 198 179 587 198 132 1990 3,135 511 307 132 1,249 293 265 880 300 199 1991 1,117 182 109 47 440 103 93 311 106 70 1992 32 5 3 1 22 5 5 13 4 3 1993 46 7 4 2 34 8 7 21 6 5 1994 58 9 5 2 20 5 4 14 5 3 1995 1,560 254 152 66 576 135 122 415 144 94 1996 2,168 353 212 92 1,590 374 338 972 293 215 1997 1,329 217 130 56 471 111 100 344 120 78 1998 1,423 232 139 60 501 118 106 367 128 83 1999 42,686 6,958 4,175 1,803 16,285 3,827 3,456 11,621 4,001 2,630 2000 34,354 5,600 3,360 1,451 27,432 6,446 5,822 16,516 4,903 3,637 2001 3,599 587 352 152 1,405 330 298 996 341 225 2002 53,304 8,689 5,213 2,252 19,070 4,481 4,048 13,879 4,847 3,150 2003 119,041 19,404 11,642 5,029 48,899 11,491 10,379 34,152 11,567 7,704 2004 10,341 1,686 1,012 437 4,208 989 893 2,947 1,000 665 2005 277,601 45,249 27,149 11,729 90,770 21,331 19,266 68,009 24,240 15,498 2006 15,189 2,476 1,486 642 5,675 1,334 1,205 4,076 1,410 924 2007 154,832 25,238 15,143 6,542 57,203 13,443 12,141 41,221 14,293 9,341 2008 721 118 71 30 319 75 68 218 73 49 2009 12,528 2,042 1,225 529 5,268 1,238 1,118 3,655 1,232 824 1

Mean 26,451 4,312 2,587 1,117 10,134 2,382 2,151 7,223 2,484 1,634 s.e. 11,615 1,893 1,136 491 4,065 955 863 2,971 1,042 675 1

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Maximum 277,601 45,249 27,149 11,729 90,770 21,331 19,266 68,009 24,240 15,498 2010 1,403 229 137 59 481 113 102 355 125 81 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low numbers resulting from plant outages.

Method 1 weight based on 0.6 pound per fish. Method 2 weight based on 0.235 pound per fish.

Atlantic menhaden impinged were assumed to have zero survival.

107 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 18. Numbers of Atlantic herring larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 1 and 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Total Equivalent Age 1 Juveniles and Age 3 Adults Number of Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Larvae Age 1 Age 3 Age 1 Age 3 Age 1 Age 3 Entrained Number Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) 1980 1,068,466 1,566 47 703 281 3,033 95 1,161 351 2,299 71 932 316 1981 2,471,492 3,622 109 1,626 650 7,015 220 2,686 811 5,319 164 2,156 731 1982 732,857 1,074 32 482 193 2,080 65 796 241 1,577 49 639 217 1983 5,880,315 8,618 259 3,869 1,548 16,691 524 6,391 1,930 12,654 391 5,130 1,739 1984 468,840 687 21 308 123 1,331 42 510 154 1,009 31 409 139 1985 1,580,435 2,316 69 1,040 416 4,486 141 1,718 519 3,401 105 1,379 467 1986 1,811,101 2,654 80 1,192 477 5,141 161 1,968 594 3,897 121 1,580 536 1987 5,142,045 7,536 226 3,383 1,353 14,595 458 5,588 1,688 11,066 342 4,486 1,520 1988 639,089 937 28 420 168 1,814 57 695 210 1,375 43 558 189 1989 911,487 1,336 40 600 240 2,587 81 991 299 1,962 61 795 270 1990 2,079,483 3,048 91 1,368 547 5,902 185 2,260 683 4,475 138 1,814 615 1991 1,280,273 1,876 56 842 337 3,634 114 1,391 420 2,755 85 1,117 379 1992 3,970,208 5,819 175 2,612 1,045 11,269 354 4,315 1,303 8,544 264 3,463 1,174 1993 2,098,952 3,076 92 1,381 552 5,958 187 2,281 689 4,517 140 1,831 621 1994 16,351,765 23,966 719 10,758 4,303 46,412 1,457 17,771 5,367 35,189 1,088 14,265 4,835 1995 43,247,883 63,385 1,902 28,454 11,381 122,754 3,854 47,002 14,194 93,070 2,878 37,728 12,788 1996 9,265,826 13,580 407 6,096 2,438 26,300 826 10,070 3,041 19,940 617 8,083 2,740 1997 24,445,056 35,827 1,075 16,083 6,433 69,384 2,179 26,567 8,023 52,606 1,627 21,325 7,228 1998 4,026,783 5,902 177 2,649 1,060 11,430 359 4,376 1,322 8,666 268 3,513 1,191 1999 11,379,446 16,678 500 7,487 2,995 32,299 1,014 12,367 3,735 24,489 757 9,927 3,365 2000 12,306,502 18,037 541 8,097 3,239 34,930 1,097 13,375 4,039 26,484 819 10,736 3,639 2001 4,062,977 5,955 179 2,673 1,069 11,532 362 4,416 1,334 8,744 270 3,544 1,201 2002 3,468,890 5,084 153 2,282 913 9,846 309 3,770 1,139 7,465 231 3,026 1,026 2003 1,096,632 1,607 48 721 288 3,113 98 1,192 360 2,360 73 956 324 2004 5,064,603 7,423 223 3,332 1,333 14,375 451 5,504 1,662 10,899 337 4,418 1,498 2005 9,860,824 14,452 434 6,488 2,595 27,989 879 10,717 3,236 21,220 656 8,602 2,916 2006 8,006,769 11,735 352 5,268 2,107 22,726 714 8,702 2,628 17,231 533 6,985 2,368 2007 341,371 500 15 225 90 969 30 371 112 734 23 298 101 2008 2,879,217 4,220 127 1,894 758 8,172 257 3,129 945 6,196 192 2,512 851 2009 3,303,704 4,842 145 2,174 869 9,377 294 3,590 1,084 7,110 220 2,882 977 1

Mean 6,558,300 9,612 288 4,315 1,726 18,615 585 7,128 2,153 14,113 436 5,721 1,939 s.e. 1,715,780 2,515 75 1,129 452 4,870 153 1,865 563 3,692 114 1,497 507 1

Minimum 341,371 500 15 225 90 969 30 371 112 734 23 298 101 1

Maximum 43,247,883 63,385 1,902 28,454 11,381 122,754 3,854 47,002 14,194 93,070 2,878 37,728 12,788 2010 3,737,447 5,478 164 2,459 984 10,608 333 4,062 1,227 8,043 249 3,260 1,105 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low number resulting from the plant outage.

Outage periods in 1984 and 1987 may have affected entrainment estimates at the end of the spring larval herring period.

The outage in 1999 occurred after the larval herring season.

Method 1 weight conversion based on 0.03 for Age 1 and 0.4 pound per Age 3 fish. Method 2 weight conversion based on 0.0314 for Age 1 and 0.302 pound per Age 3 fish.

Atlantic herring entrained were assumed to have zero survival.

108 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 19. Numbers of Atlantic herring impinged at PNPS annually 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 3 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Estimated Equivalent Age 3 Adults Annual Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Number Age 1 Age 3 Age 1 Age 3 Number Weight(lbs)

Impinged Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Weight(lbs) Number Weight(lbs) Age 3 Age 1 Age 3 1980 83 2 37 15 3 61 18 49 3 17 1981 53 2 24 10 2 39 12 32 2 11 1982 156 5 70 28 5 115 35 92 5 31 1983 22 1 10 4 1 16 5 13 1 4 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1985 35 1 16 6 1 26 8 21 1 7 1986 3,009 90 1,351 540 94 2,218 670 1,785 92 605 1987 6 0 3 1 0 4 1 4 0 1 1988 51 2 23 9 2 38 11 30 2 10 1989 138 4 62 25 4 102 31 82 4 28 1990 408 12 183 73 13 301 91 242 13 82 1991 24,238 727 10,880 4,352 761 17,867 5,396 14,373 744 4,874 1992 51 2 23 9 2 38 11 30 2 10 1993 169 5 76 30 5 125 38 100 5 34 1994 28 1 13 5 1 21 6 17 1 6 1995 108 3 48 19 3 80 24 64 3 22 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1997 13 0 6 2 0 10 3 8 0 3 1998 108 3 48 19 3 80 24 64 3 22 1999 181 5 81 32 6 133 40 107 6 36 2000 77 2 35 14 2 57 17 46 2 16 2001 48 1 22 9 2 35 11 29 1 10 2002 301 9 135 54 9 222 67 178 9 61 2003 51 2 23 9 2 38 11 30 2 10 2004 138 4 62 25 4 102 31 82 4 28 2005 549 16 246 98 17 405 122 325 17 110 2006 122 4 55 22 4 90 27 72 4 25 2007 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2008 23 1 10 4 1 0 0 5 1 2 2009 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Mean 1,077 32 484 193 34 793 240 638 33 217 s.e. 864 26 388 155 27 637 192 513 27 174 1

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Maximum 24,238 727 10,880 4,352 761 17,867 5,396 14,373 744 4,874 2010 162 5 73 29 1 9 3 41 3 16 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low number resulting from the plant outage.

Method 1 weight conversion based on 0.03 for Age 1 and 0.4 pound per Age 3 fish.

Method 2 weight conversion based on 0.0314 for Age 1 and 0.302 pound per Age 3 fish.

Atlantic herring impinged were assumed to have zero survival.

109 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 20. Numbers of Atlantic cod eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Equivalent Age 2 Adults Year Total Number Entrained Method 1 Method 2 Average Eggs Larvae Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) 1980 20,388,850 1,450,522 76 38 2,524 618 1,300 328 1981 11,620,588 2,173,076 89 45 3,554 871 1,822 458 1982 2,582,984 222,721 11 5 381 93 196 49 1983 9,349,728 142,136 17 8 336 82 176 45 1984 11,726,579 587,054 35 18 1,063 260 549 139 1985 5,071,151 1,441,442 56 28 2,326 570 1,191 299 1986 2,788,767 1,035,987 39 20 1,661 407 850 213 1987 5,623,282 122,579 11 6 260 64 136 35 1988 2,747,034 254,239 12 6 432 106 222 56 1989 3,395,726 119,436 8 4 228 56 118 30 1990 2,406,536 1,566,291 57 28 2,490 610 1,273 319 1991 3,668,649 239,746 13 6 421 103 217 55 1992 2,819,673 469,713 20 10 772 189 396 99 1993 1,268,748 446,489 17 8 717 176 367 92 1994 3,119,312 1,904,519 69 35 3,030 742 1,550 389 1995 2,549,370 602,594 24 12 978 239 501 126 1996 8,542,922 2,369,255 92 46 3,826 937 1,959 492 1997 1,800,711 1,101,118 40 20 1,752 429 896 225 1998 4,971,621 735,301 32 16 1,215 298 623 157 1999 1,932,894 464,125 18 9 753 184 385 97 2000 18,525,824 325,095 35 17 733 180 384 98 2001 6,869,977 4,215,642 153 77 6,707 1,643 3,430 860 2002 8,538,146 1,299,393 55 28 2,144 525 1,100 277 2003 10,087,198 2,000,121 81 41 3,264 800 1,673 420 2004 6,934,046 1,550,052 62 31 2,519 617 1,290 324 2005 14,954,283 950,164 52 26 1,673 410 862 218 2006 2,921,907 2,681,553 96 48 4,249 1,041 2,172 544 2007 6,308,949 1,419,048 57 28 2,306 565 1,181 297 2008 3,413,624 1,009,708 39 19 1,628 399 833 209 2009 7,740,045 1,587,158 64 32 2,587 634 1,325 333 1

Mean 6,332,831 1,206,309 49 25 1,972 483 1,011 254 s.e. 949,001 176,303 6 3 279 68 143 36 1

Minimum 1,268,748 119,436 8 4 228 56 118 30 1

Maximum 20,388,850 4,215,642 153 77 6,707 1,643 3,430 860 2010 8,707,496 754,858 37 18 1,291 316 664 167 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low number resulting from the plant outage.

from plant outages.

Method 1 weight conversion based on 0.5 pounds per fish. Method 2 weight conversion based on 0.245 pounds per fish.

Atlantic cod eggs and larvae were assumed to have zero entrainment survival.

110 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 21. Numbers of Atlantic cod impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010. Numbers and weights of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Estimated Equivalent Age 2 Adults Annual Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Number Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs)

Impinged Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 1980 12 10 5 5 1 8 3 1981 100 82 41 38 9 60 25 1982 11 9 5 3 1 6 3 1983 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1986 33 27 14 13 3 20 8 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 23 19 10 7 2 13 6 1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1991 24 20 10 14 3 17 7 1992 10 8 4 6 1 7 3 1993 47 38 19 24 6 31 12 1994 42 34 17 16 4 25 10 1995 58 47 24 19 5 33 14 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 53 43 22 16 4 30 13 1999 42 34 17 21 5 28 11 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 113 93 47 63 15 78 31 2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 61 50 25 23 6 37 15 2004 99 81 41 42 10 62 25 2005 192 157 79 76 19 117 49 2006 688 563 282 246 60 405 171 2007 56 46 23 28 7 37 15 2008 143 117 59 43 11 80 35 2009 86 70 35 29 7 50 21 1

Mean 68 55 28 26 6 41 17 s.e. 25 20 10 9 2 15 6 1

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Maximum 688 563 282 246 60 405 171 2010 53 43 22 29 7 36 14 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low number resulting from the plant outage.

Method 1 weight conversion based on 0.5 pounds per fish.

Method 2 weight conversion based on 0.245 pounds per fish.

111 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 22. Numbers of Atlantic cod impinged adjusted for survival at PNPS, 1980-2010. Numbers of equivalent age 2 fish calculated by two methods are also shown.

Equivalent Adults Adjusted Method 1 Method 2 Average Year Number Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs) Number Weight (lbs)

Impinged Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 Age 2 1980 11 9 4 4 1 6 3 1981 89 89 45 34 8 62 26 1982 10 8 4 3 1 6 2 1983 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1985 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1986 29 24 12 16 4 20 8 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 21 17 8 7 2 12 5 1989 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1990 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1991 22 18 9 12 3 15 6 1992 9 7 4 6 1 7 3 1993 42 34 17 22 5 28 11 1994 37 31 15 14 3 22 9 1995 52 42 21 17 4 30 13 1996 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1997 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1998 47 39 19 14 3 26 11 1999 38 31 15 19 5 25 10 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 101 83 41 56 14 69 28 2002 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2003 54 45 22 21 5 33 14 2004 88 72 36 37 9 55 23 2005 171 140 70 68 17 104 43 2006 614 503 251 220 54 361 153 2007 50 41 20 25 6 33 13 2008 128 105 53 38 9 72 31 2009 77 63 32 26 6 45 19 1

Mean 60 50 25 24 6 37 15 s.e. 22 18 9 8 2 13 6 1

Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Maximum 614 503 251 220 54 361 153 2010 47 38 19 25 6 32 13 Notes: See text for details.

1 The mean, minimum, and maximum were calculated with 1984 and 1987 omitted due to the unusually low number resulting from the plant outage.

Method 1 weight conversion based on 0.5 pounds per fish.

Method 2 weight conversion based on 0.245 pounds per fish.

Atlantic cod were assumed to have 10.7% survival attributable to the fish return sluiceway and the low pressure spraywash.

112 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring E. American Lobster Larvae Entrainment Twenty-seven American lobster larvae were found in the entrainment samples collected during 2010, resulting in an estimated total of 766,221 entrained larvae (Table 23). The number of larvae collected in 2010 was the fourth highest collected in a year dating back to 1974. The highest number of lobster larvae collected in a single year occurred in 2006 when 60 larvae were collected. A total of 212 lobster larvae have been collected at PNPS from 1974 - 2009 including the more intensive sampling directed specifically toward lobster larvae in 1976. The estimated total number of lobster larvae entrained in 2010 was above the 1980-2009 average of 271,766 (range = 0 to 1,973,143 in 2008, Table 23).

The annual larval entrainment estimates were converted to equivalent numbers of 82 mm carapace length (CL) adults, the age at which they enter the Massachusetts fishery (Dean et al, 2004, 2005, and Dean et al. 2006). Survival values were obtained from French McCay et al.

(2003). To determine the individual instantaneous mortality rates (Z) for each of the four larval stages, the total larval stage instantaneous mortality rate (ZS = 4.116; French McCay et al. 2003) was divided by the stage duration of 28 days (French McCay et al. 2003) to produce a daily instantaneous larval mortality rate of ZD = 0.147. The daily mortality rate was then multiplied by the number of days in each larval stage interval at a water temperature of 19°C (Stage 1 = 3 days, Stage 2 = 4 days, Stage 3 = 6 days, and Stage 4 = 15 days; MacKenzie and Moring 1985). The larval stage mortality rates were then converted to survival rates (S = e-Z) as follows:

S (stage I) = 0.6434 S (stage III) = 0.4140 S (stage II) = 0.5554 S (stage IV) = 0.1103 All lobster larvae are not entrained at the same point in a given life stage and it is assumed that the further along in development the greater their probability in reaching the next life stage. To account for this, the survival values of the life stage entrained were adjusted based on EPRI (2004). The adjusted survival values were as follows:

Adjusted S (stage I) = 0.7830 Adjusted S (stage III) = 0.5855 Adjusted S (stage II) = 0.7142 Adjusted S (stage IV) = 0.1986 Following Stage IV, when settlement to the bottom occurs, numbers were converted to equivalent adults by applying S = 0.2645 from the settlement to 7 mm CL interval and S = 0.0037 for the 7 to 82 mm CL interval (French McCay et al. 2003). This produced a total of 15 equivalent 82 mm 113 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring lobsters potentially lost due to entrainment in 2010. The 2010 value is above the time series average of 8 (range = 0 to 47 in 2008) equivalent adult lobsters (Table 23).

In addition to those entrained, American lobster were impinged on the intake screens each year (also see the impingement section). Annual totals ranged from 0 in 1984 and 1987 to 1,559 in 1993 and averaged 480 lobsters over the time series. The 2010 estimated total was below the average at 350 lobsters (Table 23). Based on annual mean length data most impinged lobsters were juveniles. Survival values for 5 mm size class increments from 7 mm CL to 82 mm CL were obtained from French McCay et al. (2003) and adjusted to account for the higher probability that lobster impinged later in the size class increment are more likely to survive to the next increment. Impinged lobsters would be equivalent to an average of 283 equivalent adults (range = 0 to 1,065). The 2010 estimate amounted to 238 equivalent adult lobsters, which was below the average (Table 23).

A number of factors may be contributing to the increase in the number of lobster larvae observed at PNPS in recent years. The first is the addition of a nighttime sampling period to the entrainment monitoring protocol beginning in 1995. Adult female lobsters release larvae at night (Ennis et al.1975, Charmantier et al. 1991), so that more stage 1 individuals would be expected in the surrounding water at that time. Predation, dispersion, and mortality likely rapidly reduce their numbers during subsequent days. Since 1995, 84% of the lobster larvae captured were collected during the Friday evening sampling period. This represents 80% of the total larvae captured over the 37-year time period. In spite of the relatively high numbers obtained at night, numbers continue to show a recent increase when the Friday night sample is omitted as shown below.

114 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring The number of lobster larvae entrained from 1995 to 2010 with Friday night samples excluded.

Equivalent 82 mm adults are also shown.

Total Annual Total Annual Year Number Entrained Equivalent Adults 1995 0 0 1996 0 0 1997 0 0 1998 0 0 1999 94,362 9 2000 0 0 2001 0 0 2002 0 0 2003 40,947 1 2004 39,725 1 2005 53,781 2 2006 29,946 1 2007 1,913,512 37 2008 462,728 18 2009 0 0 2010 316,938 6 There is no apparent direct relationship between prevailing winds or tides at sampling time and the number of lobster larvae entrained.

The second factor that may be contributing to the increase in lobster larvae is the establishment of a protection zone around Pilgrim Station extending seaward from the shorefront for a distance of approximately 1,000 feet on September 11, 2001. Within this zone no lobster harvesting is permitted; as a result there may be an increase in nearshore lobster reproductive activity and successful larval release.

The last factor that may be contributing to the increase in the number of lobster larvae observed at PNPS is an increase in lobster larvae abundance in Cape Cod Bay. Although larval lobster abundance data for Massachusetts waters are not currently available, there are data for early benthic phase lobsters (0 to 40 mm carapace length). The Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries coastal lobster project observed an increase in early benthic phase lobsters in Cape Cod Bay, Boston Harbor, and Salem Sound from 2001 to 2004 (MDMF 2005). The Gulf of Maine American lobster stock is currently at a record high (1981-2007; ASMFC 2009); except for lobsters in the southern Gulf of Maine (Statistical Area 514) which are considered to be in poor condition with low abundance, low recruitment, and a high exploitation rate. Lobster landings in Area 514 declined to a time series low of 5,392,509 lobsters in 2005 (ASMFC 2009). The 115 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring increase in lobster larvae observed at PNPS is consistent with the increase seen in other coastal Massachusetts and Gulf of Maine areas.

116 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Tabulation of previous lobster larvae collections, 1974 to 2010:

2010: 27 larvae: 1 stage 1, May 24; 1 stage 1, May 31; 4 stage 1, June 4; 1 stage 1, June 7; 2 stage 1, June 11; 9 stage 1 & 1 stage 2, June 18; 2 stage 1, June 30; 3 stage 1, July 2; 2 stage 1, July 19; 1 stage 1, August 2; 2009: 11 larvae: 8 stage 1, May 29; 1 stage 1, Jun 5; 1 stage 1, Jun 19; 1 stage 1, June 26.

2008: 44 larvae: 1 stage 1, May 19; 1 stage 1, May 23; 1 stage 1, June 2; 13 stage 1, June 6; 3 stage 1 & 1 stage 2, June13; 6 stage 1 June 20; 1 stage 1 June 27; 5 stage 1, July 4 1 stage 1, July 7; 4 stage 1, July 11; 1 stage 1, July 25; 1 stage 1, July 28; 1 stage 1, August 15; 1 stage 1 & 1 stage 2, August 18; 1 stage 1, August 22; 1 stage 4, September 22.

2007: 19 larvae: 3 stage 1, June 8; 13 stage 1, June 13; 1 stage 1, June 18; 1 stage 1, July 16; 1 stage 1, July 23.

2006: 60 larvae: 13 stage 1, June 2; 26 stage 1, 1 stage 2, June 16; 4 stage 1, June 24; 15 stage 1, June 30; 1 stage 1 July 3.

2005: 32 larvae: 8 stage 1, June 3; 1 stage 1, June 17; 5 stage 1, 1 stage 2, June 24; 9 stage 1, 1 stage 2, 2 stage 4, July 8; 2 stage 1, July 15; 1 unstaged July 18; 2 stage 1, August 5.

2004: 9 larvae: 2 stage 1, June 4; 2 stage 1, June 11; 1 stage 1, July 5; 1 stage 1, July 23; 1 stage 1, August 13; 1 stage 3, 1 stage 4, September 3.

2003: 16 larvae: 1 stage 2, June 2; 1 stage 3, June 6; l stage 3, June 13; 7 stage 3, June 20; 5 stage 3, July 4; 1 stage 1, July 11.

2002: none found 2001: none found.

2000: none found.

1999: 8 larvae: 4 stage 1, June 18; 1 stage 1, July 3; 1 stage 1, July 5; 1 stage 1, August 6; 1 stage 4, August 25.

1996-1998: none found.

1995: 1 larva - stage 4-5, July 28.

1994: none found.

1993: 1 larva -stage 4-5, July 21.

1991-1992: none found.

1990: 2 larvae - 1 stage 1, June 26; 1 stage 4, August 23.

1983-1989: none found.

1982: 1 larva - stage 1 on June 14.

1981: 1 larva - stage 4 on June 29.

1980: none found.

1979: 1 larva - stage 1 on July 14.

1978: none found.

1977: 3 larvae - 1 stage 1, June 10; 2 stage 1, June 17.

1976: 2 larvae - 1 stage 1, July 22; July 22; 1 stage 4-5, August 5.

1975: 1 larva - stage 1, date unknown.

1974: none found.

117 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Table 23. Numbers of American lobster entrained and impinged at PNPS annually, 1980-2010.

Numbers of equivalent adults (82 mm) calculated by two methods are also shown.

Entrainment Impingement Entrainment + Impingement Year Total Larvae Equivalents Total Lobsters Equivalents Total Equivalents Entrained Adult (82 mm) Impinged Adult (82 mm) Number Adult (82 mm) 1980 0 0 56 45 56 45 1981 39,013 8 200 174 39,213 182 1982 38,306 1 332 221 38,638 222 1983 0 0 93 74 93 74 1984 0 0 0 0 0 0 1985 0 0 420 216 420 216 1986 0 0 110 96 110 96 1987 0 0 0 0 0 0 1988 0 0 48 30 48 30 1989 0 0 326 187 326 187 1990 108,254 12 568 325 108,822 337 1991 0 0 579 327 579 327 1992 0 0 1,053 557 1,053 557 1993 40,936 8 1,559 771 42,495 779 1994 0 0 998 551 998 551 1995 34,389 7 622 348 35,011 355 1996 0 0 990 543 990 543 1997 0 0 387 206 387 206 1998 0 0 431 229 431 229 1999 258,377 10 608 283 258,985 293 2000 0 0 633 355 633 355 2001 0 0 114 94 114 94 2002 0 0 148 105 148 105 2003 604,079 35 321 260 604,400 295 2004 265,850 10 434 293 266,284 303 2005 1,382,946 45 1,493 1,065 1,384,439 1,110 2006 1,728,159 34 701 445 1,728,860 479 2007 1,392,550 27 532 311 1,393,082 338 2008 1,973,143 47 111 85 1,973,254 132 2009 286,979 6 542 280 287,521 286 Mean 271,766 8 480 283 272,246 291 s.e. 102,375 3 75 43 102,387 44 Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum 1,973,143 47 1,559 1,065 1,973,254 1,110 2010 766,221 15 350 238 766,571 253 118 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring SECTION V LITERATURE CITED Ahrenholz, D.W., W.R. Nelson, and S.P. Eperly. 1987. Population and fishery characteristics of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 85(3):569-600.

Anthony, V. and G. Waring. 1980. The assessment and management of the Georges Bank herring fishery. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 177:72-111.

ASMFC (Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission). 2004 Atlantic menhaden stock assessment report for peer review. Stock Assessment Report No. 04-01 (Supplement).

. 2006a. Tautog stock assessment report for peer review. Stock Assessment Report No.

06-02 (Supplement).

. 2006b. Stock assessment report for Atlantic menhaden. http://www.asmfc.org.

. 2009. American lobster stock assessment report for peer review. Stock Assessment Report No. 09-01 (Supplement). Available at http://www.asmfc.org.

. 2010. 2010 Review of the Fishery Management Plan and state compliance for the 2009 Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) fishery. Available at http://www.asmfc.org.

Box, G.E.P., W.G. Hunter, and J.. Hunter. 1975. Statistics for Experimenters. John Wiley &

Sons, New York.

Cadrin, S.X. and D.S. Vaughan. 1997. Retrospective analysis of virtual population estimates for Atlantic menhaden stock assessment. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 95:445-455.

Castonguay, M., S. Plourde, D. Robert, J.A. Runge, and L. Fortier. 2008. Copepod production drives recruitment in a marine fish. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 65:1528-1531.

Charmantier, G., M. Charmantier-Daures, and D.E. Aiken. 1991. Metamorphosis in the lobster Homarus (Decapoda): a review. Journal of Crustacean Biology 11(4):481-495.

Clayton, G., C. Cole, S. Murawski and J. Parrish. 1978. Common marine fishes of coastal Massachusetts. Massachusetts Cooperative Extension Service, Amherst, Massachusetts.

231p.

Collette, B.B. and MacPhee, G. (Editors). 2002. Bigelow & Schroeders Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. 3rd Ed. Simthsonian Institution Press. Washington and London. 784p.

Collings, W.S., C. Cooper-Sheehan, S.C. Hughes, and J.L. Buckley. 1981. The effects of power generation on some of the living marine resources of the Cape Cod Canal and 119 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring approaches. Mass. Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Recreational Vehicles, Division of Marine Fisheries. 212p + appendices.

Colton, J.B.Jr. and R.R. Marak. 1969. Guide for identifying the common planktonic fish eggs and larvae of continental shelf waters, Cape Sable to Block Island. Laboratory Reference No. 69-9. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA.

Crecco, V.A. and P. Howell. 1990. Potential effects of current larval entrainment mortality from the Millstone Nuclear Power Station on the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, spawning population in the Niantic River. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Fisheries, Special Publication. 37p.

Dean, M.J., K.A. Lundy, and T.B. Hoopes. 2004. 2002 Massachusetts lobster fishery statistics.

Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report TR-20.

. 2005. 2003 Massachusetts lobster fishery statistics. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report TR-23.

Dean, M.J., S.R. Reed, and T.B. Hoopes. 2006. 2004 Massachusetts lobster fishery statistics.

Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries. Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries Technical Report TR-26.

Dietrich, C.S. Jr. 1979. Fecundity of the Atlantic menhaden,Brevoortia tyrannus. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 77.

Dominion. 2008. Monitoring the marine environment of Long Island Sound at Millstone Nuclear Power Station. 2007 Annual Report. NU Environmental Laboratory, Waterford CT.

Dragesund, O. 1970. Distribution, abundance and mortality of young and adolescent Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus Linne) in relation to subsequent year-class strength. Fiskeridirektoratets Skrifter, Serie Havundersokelser 15:451-554.

Dryfoos, R.L., R.P. Check, and R.L. Kroger. 1973. Preliminary analysis of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, migrations, population structure, survival and exploitation rates, and availability as indicated from tag returns. Fishery Bulletin 71(3):719-734.

Durbin, A.G., E.G. Durbin, T.J. Smayda, and P.G. Verity. 1983. Age, size, growth, and chemical composition of Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island. Fisheries Bulletin U.S. 81(1):133-142.

Ecological Analysts, Inc. 1981. Entrainment survival studies. Research Report EP 9-11.

Submitted to Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation, New York.

120 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Emberton, K.C. Jr. 1981. Season-depth relations in subtidal meiofauna of Cape Cod Bay.

Estuaries 4(2):121-126.

Ennis, G.P., P.W. Collins, and G. Dawe. 1975. Fisheries and population biology of lobsters (Homarus americanus) at Comfort Cove, Newfoundland. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat.

Sci. 1116.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2004. Section 316(b) Phase II Final Rule -

Regional Studies, Part C: North Atlantic. Appendix C1: Life history parameter values used to evaluate I & E in the North Atlantic region.

EPRI. 2000. Review of entrainment survival studies: 1970 - 2000, Final Report. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2004. EPRI Report 1000757.

EPRI. 2004. Extrapolating impingement and entrainment losses to equivalent adults and production foregone. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2004. EPRI Report 1008471.

Folkvord, A., K. Rukan, A. Johannessen, and E. Moksness. 1997. Early life history of herring larvae in contrasting feeding environments determined by otolith microstructure analysis.

Journal of Fish Biology 51 (Supplement A):250-263.

French McCay, D.P., M. Gibson, and J.S. Cobb. 2003. Scaling restoration of American lobsters: combined demographic and discounting model for an exploited species. Marine Ecology Progress Series 264:177-196.

Gibson, M.R. 1993. Population dynamics of winter flounder in Mt. Hope Bay in relation to operations at the Brayton Point electric plant. Rhode Island Division Fish and Wildlife, West Kingston, R.I.

Goodyear, C.P. 1978. Entrainment impact estimates using the equivalent adult approach. U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Service Project. FWS/OBS-78/65. 14p.

Griswold, C.A. and M.J. Silverman. 1992. Fecundity of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in the Northwest Atlantic in 1987. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 12:35-40.

Grove, C.A. 1982. Population biology of the winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, in a New England estuary. Master thesis, University of Rhode Island.

Hain, J.H.W., S.L. Ellis., R.D. Kenney, P.J. Clapham, B.K. Gray, M.R. Weinrich, and I.G. Babb.

1995. Apparent bottom feeding by humpback whales on Stellwagon Bank. Mar. Mamm.

Sci. 11: no. 4, pp. 464-479.

Hanson, J.M. and S.C. Courtenay. 1996. Seasonal use of estuaries by winter flounder in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 125:705-718.

121 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Herrick, F.H. 1911. Natural history of the American lobster. Bulletin U.S. Bureau of Fisheries 29:149-408.

Horst, T.J. 1975. The assessment of impact due to entrainment of ichthyoplankton. In:

Fisheries and Energy Production: A Symposium. S.B. Saila, ed. D.C. Heath and Company, Lexington, Mass. p107-118.

Howe, A. B. and P.G. Coates 1975. Winter flounder movements, growth, and mortality off Massachusetts. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 104(1):13-29.

Johansen, F. 1925. Natural history of the cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus Walbaum).

Contribution to Canadian Biology new series 2:423-467.

Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin, and J.D. Hardy, Jr. 1978. Development of fishes of the mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of egg, larval and juvenile stages. Volume I. Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Service Program. 366p.

Kenney, R.D., Payne, P.M., Heinemann, D.W., Winn, H.E. 1996. Shifts in Northeast Shelf cetacean distributions relative to trends in Gulf of Maine/Georges Bank finfish abundance. The Northeast Shelf Ecosystem: assessment, sustainability, and management. Blackwell Science, Cambridge, MA (USA). Pp. 169-196.

Kjesbu, O.S., P. Solemdal, P. Bratland, and M. Fonn. 1996. Variation in annual egg production in individual captive Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53:610-620.

Lawton, R.P., B.C. Kelly, V.J. Malkoski, and J. Chisholm. 1995. Annual report on monitoring to assess impact of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on selected finfish populations in western Cape Cod Bay. Project Report No. 58 (January-December 1994). IIIA.i-77. In:

Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual report No.45. Boston Edison Company.

Lawton, R., B. Kelly, J. Boardman, and M. Camisa.. 2000. Annual report on assessment and mitigation of impact of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on finfish populations in western Cape Cod Bay. Project Report No. 68 (January to December 1999). In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual report No.55.

LMS (Lawler, Matusky, & Skelly Engineers) 2001. Brayton Point Station entrainment survival study 1997-1998. Prepared for PG&E National Energy Group.

Lobell, M.J. 1939. A biological survey of the salt waters of Long Island, 1938. Report of certain fishes: Winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus). New York Conservation Department. 28th Annual Report Supplement Part I, pp. 63-96.

122 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Lough, R.G., G.R. Bolz, M. Pennington, and M. D. Grossman. 1985. Larval abundance and mortality of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) spawned in the Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals areas, 1971-1978 seasons, in relation to spawning stock size. Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Science 6:21-35.

MacKenzie, C., and J.R. Moring. 1985. Species profiles: life histories and environmental requirements of coastal fishes and invertebrates (North At1antic)-American lobster.

United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report 82(11.33). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 19 pp.

MRI (Marine Research, Inc.) 1978a. Entrainment investigations and Cape Cod Bay Ichthyoplankton Studies, March-December 1977. III.C.2-34-38. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual Report No. 11. Boston Edison Company.

. 1978b. Entrainment investigations and Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton studies, March 1970-June 1972 and March 1974-July 1977. Volume 2, V.1-44. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Final Report. July 1969-December 1977. Boston Edison Company.

. 1982. Supplementary winter flounder egg studies conducted at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, March-May 1982. Submitted to Boston Edison Company. 4p.

. 1984. Assessment of finfish survival at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station final report, 1980-1983. Submitted to Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA.

. 1988. Entrainment investigations and Cape Cod Bay Ichthyoplankton Studies, March-December 1987. III.C.1-6-10. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual Report No. 31. Boston Edison Company

. 1994. Ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January-December 1993. Volume 2 (Impact Perspective).III.C.2i-27. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual report No.43.

Boston Edison Company

. 1995. Ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January-December 1994. Volume 2 (Impact Perspective).III.C.2i-27. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual report No.45.

Boston Edison Company

. 1997. Impingement of organisms at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January-December 1996. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual Report No. 49. Boston Edison Company.

123 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring

. 1998. Ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January-December 1997. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-annual Report No. 51. Boston Edison Company.

Matthiessen, G. C. 2004. Forage Fish. Quebec-Labrador Foundation. 42pp.

May, A.W. 1967. Fecundity of Atlantic cod. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 24(7):1531-1551.

Mayo, R.K. and M. Terceiro, editors. 2005. Assessment of 19 Northeast groundfish stocks through 2004. 2005 Groundfish Assessment Review Meeting (2005 GARM), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 15-19 August 2005. U.S. Dep.

Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 05-13; 499 p.

McBride, R.S., J.B. OGorman and K.W. Able. 1998. Interspecific comparisons of searobin (Prionotus spp.) movements, size structure, and abundance in the temperate western North Atlantic. Fishery Bulletin 96(2):303-314.

MDMF (Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries). 2005. HubLine program monitoring and assessment. July 7, 2005 project update. Available at www.mass.gov/dwele/dmf/programsandprojects/hubline/monitoring_update_070705.pdf.

Messieh, S.N. 1976. Fecundity studies on Atlantic herring from the southern Gulf of St.

Lawrence and along the Nova Scotia coast. Transactions of the American Fisheries Ssociety 105:384-394.

NAI (Normandeau Associates, Inc.). 2008. Entrainment and impingement studies performed at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Plymouth, Massachusetts from 2002-2007.

Neja, Z. 1992. Maturation and fecundity of mackerel, (Scomber scombrus L.) in Northwest Atlantic. Acta Ichthyol. Piscatoria 22(1):125-140.

NEP (New England Power Company). 1978. Environmental report NEP 1 and 2. Volume 4, Appendix G, Charlestown site study (unpublished).

Nicholson, W.R. 1978. Movements and population structures of Atlantic menhaden indicated by tag returns. Estuaries 1:141-150.

Nitschke, P.C. 1997. Assessing factors that influence cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) reproduction and recruitment in Cape Cod Bay. Masters thesis, University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Nitzschke, P., J. Burnett, and B.C. Kelly. 2001a. Age and growth verification for cunner in western Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts, using tag-recapture data. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 130:1150-1163.

124 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Nitschke, P., M. Mather, and F. Juanes. 2001b. A comparison of length-, weight-, and age-specific fecundity relationships for cunner in Cape Cod Bay. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 21(1):86-95.

Nitschke, P., M. Mather, F. Juanes. 2002. Evidence for density-dependent mortality in recruitment of a temperate reef fish, cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus, among similar reefs in the vicinity of an anthropogenic disturbance. Marine Ecology Progress Series 226:165-178.

NEFSC (Northeast Fisheries Science Center). 1996. Report of the 21st Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (21st SAW). Stock Assessment Review Committee (SARC) consensus summary of assessments. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 96-05d. 200p.

. 1998. Report of the 27th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (27th SAW). Stock Assessment Review Committee (SARC) consensus summary of assessments. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 98-15. 350p.

. 2000. Report of the 30th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (30th SAW):

Public Review Workshop. [By Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop No. 30.]

April 2000.

. 2001. Report of the 32nd Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (32nd SAW). Stock Assessment Review Committee (SARC) consensus summary of assessments. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 01-05. 300p.

. 2003. Report of the 36th Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (36th SAW). Stock Assessment Review Committee (SARC) consensus summary of assessments. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 03-06. 453p.

. 2008. Assessment of 19 Northeast Groundfish Stocks through 2007: Report of the 3rd Groundfish Assessment Review Meeting (GARM III), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, August 4-8, 2008. U.S. Department of Commerce.

NOAA Fisheries. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 08-15; 884 p

+ xvii.

. 2011. 51st Northeast Regional Stock Assessment Workshop (51st SAW) Assessment Report. U.S. Department of Commerce. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 11-01. 70 p.

NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). 1995. Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern United States for 1993. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-108. 140p.

. 1998. Status of fishery resources off the Northeastern United States for 1998. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NE-115. 149p.

125 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Overholtz, W.J. 1993. Harvesting strategies and fishing mortality reference point comparisons for the Northwest Atlantic stock of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 50:1749-1756.

Overholtz, W.J. 2000a. Status of fishery resources off the Northeastern United States. Atlantic mackerel.

Overholtz, W.J. 2000b. Status of fishery resources off the Northeastern United States. Atlantic herring.

Overholtz, W.J., S.A. Muraski, W.L. Michaels, and L.M. Dery. 1988. The effects of density dependent population mechanisms on assessment advice for the northwest Atlantic mackerel stock. Woods Hole, MA: NMFS, NEFC. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-F/NED-62. 49p.

Overholtz, W.J. and K.D. Friedland. 2002. Recovery of the Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) complex: perspectives based on bottom trawl survey data. Fishery Bulletin 100(3):593-608.

Pearcy, W.G. 1962. Ecology of an estuarine population of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Bulletin of Bingham Oceanographic Collection 18:1-78.

Pepin, P. 1991. Effect of temperature and size on development, mortality, and survival rates of the pelagic early life history stages of marine fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and aquatic Sciences 48:503-518.

Pennington, M. 1983. Efficient estimators of abundance for fish and plankton surveys.

Biometrics 39:281-286.

Perlmutter, A. 1947. The blackback flounder and its fishery in New England and New York.

Bulletin of Bingham Oceangraphic Collection 11:1-92.

PG&E National Energy Group. 2001. Clean Water Act Section 316(a) and (b) Demonstration.

Brayton Point Station Permit Renewal Application. Volume 2.

Pottle, R.A. and J.M. Green. 1979. Territorial behaviour of the north temperate labrid, Tautogolabrus adspersus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 57(12):2337-2347.

Rose, K.A., J.A. Tyler, R.C. Chambers, G. Klein-MacPhee, and D.J. Danila. 1996. Simulating winter flounder population dynamics using coupled individual-based young-of-the-year and age-structured adult models. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53(5):1071-1091.

Saila, S.B. 1961. A study of winter flounder movements. Limnology and Oceanography 6(3):292-298.

126 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring Saila, S.B. 1976. Effects of power plant entrainment on winter flounder populations near Millstone Point. URI-NUSCO Report No. 5.

Saila, S.B., E. Lorda, J.D. Miller, R.A. Sher, and W.H Howell. 1997. Equivalent adult estimates for losses of fish eggs, larvae, and juveniles at Seabrook Station with use of fuzzy logic to represent parametric uncertainty. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 17:811-825.

Scherer, M.D. 1984. The ichthyoplankton of Cape Cod Bay. In: J.D. Davis and D. Merriman (eds.). Observations on the Ecology and Biology of Western Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. Volume II. Springer-Verlag, New York. 289p.

Serchuk, F.M. and C.F. Cole. 1974. Age and growth of the cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus, in the Weweantic River estuary, Mass. Chesapeake Science 15(4):205-213.

Serchuk, F.M., M.D. Grosslein, R.G. Lough, D.G. Mountain, and L. OBrien. 1994. Fishery and environmental factors affecting trends and fluctuations in the Georges Bank and Gulf of Maine Atlantic cod stocks: an overview. ICES Marine Science Symposium 198:77-109.

Sette, O.E. 1950. Biology of the Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) of North America.

Fishery Bulletin 51:251-358.

Smith, W.G. and W.W. Morse. 1993. Larval distribution patterns: Early signals for the collapse/recovery of Atlantic hering Clupea harengus in the Georges Bank area. Fishery Bulletin, U.S. 91:338-347.

Sosebee, K. 2006. Status of fishery resources off the Northeastern United States. White hake.

http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/sos/species.html.

Sprent, P. 1989. Applied nonparametric statistical methods. Chapman and Hall, New York.

255p.

Stirratt, H. 2002. 2002 Review of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Fishery Management Plan for Tautog (Tautog onitis). ASMFC. 9p.

Tatham, T.R., D.L. Thomas, and G.J. Miller. 1977. Survival of fishes and macroinvertebrates impinged at Oyster Creek Generating Station. In: Jensen, L.D. (ed.). Fourth national workshop on entrainment and impingement. pp 235-243.

TRAC (Transboundary Resource Assessment Committee). 2009. Gulf of Maine-Georges Bank herring stock complex. Transboundary Resource Assessment Committee Status Report 2009/04. 6pp.

127 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Entrainment Monitoring

. 2010. Atlantic Mackerel in the Northwest Atlantic. Transboundary Resource Assessment Committee Status Report 2010/01. 12pp.

TRC Environmental Corp. 2000. Canal Redevelopment Project. Final Environmental Impact Report/Development of Regional Impact. Joint Review (EOEA No. 11703). Volume I of II. Prepared for The Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs/MEPA Unit and Cape Cod Commission.

Tupper, M., and R.G. Boutilier. 1995. Effects of con-specific density on settlement, growth and post-settlement survival of a temperate reef fish. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 191:209-222.

. 1997. Effects of habitat on settlement, growth and post-settlement survival of a temperate reef fish. Marine Ecology Progress Series 151:225-236.

Vaughan, D.S. and S.B. Saila. 1976. A method for determining mortality rates using the Leslie matrix. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 3:380-383.

Weinrich, M., Martin, M., Griffiths, R., Bove, J., Schilling, M. 1997. A shift in the distribution of humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, in response to prey in the southern Gulf of Maine. Fish. Bull. Vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 826-836.

Winters, G.H. 1983. Analysis of biological and demographic parameters of northern sand lance, Ammodytes dubius, from the Newfoundland Grand Bank. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40:

409-419.

Witherell, D.B. and J. Burnett. 1993. Growth and maturation of winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, in Massachusetts. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 91(4):816-820.

128 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

APPENDIX A*. Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m3 of water recorded in the PNPS discharge canal by species, date, and replicate, January-December 2010.

• Available upon request.

APPENDIX B*

3 Geometric mean monthly densities and 95% confidence limits per 100 m of water for the dominant species of fish eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS, January-December 1981-2010.

Note the following:

When extra sampling series were required under the contingency sampling regime, results were included in calculating monthly mean densities.

Shaded columns for certain months in 1984, 1987, and 1999 delineate periods when sampling was conducted for all or part of a month with only salt service water pumps in operation.

Densities recorded at those times were probably biased low due to low through-plant water flow (MRI 1994).

• Available upon request.

January EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 2.8 0.5 0 0.3 0 0.5 0.09 0 0 1.1-6 0.1-1 0-1.1 0-1.5 0-0.4 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2.9 0.05 0 0.3 0 0.5 0.09 0 0 1.1-6 0.1-1 0-1.1 0-1.5 0-0.4

January (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.5 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.5 Gadus morhua 0.4 0 0 0 0 0.09 0 0 0.3 0-1.1 0-0.4 0-1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.09 0 0-0.4 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.5 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.3 0 0 0 0-0.7 0-0.9 Total 0.4 0 0 0.2 0 0.3 0.1 0.09 0.7 0-1.1 0-0.7 0-1.1 0-1.1 0-0.4 0.2-1.3

January (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.5 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-2 0-0.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0 3.0 0.6 1.3 1.7 0.7 2.1 0.4 0.05 0-27 0-1.7 0.04-4 0.2-5 0.2-1.4 0-19 0-1.6 0-0.2 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SScomber b b scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0 3.0 1.4 1.5 1.7 0.7 2.1 0.4 0.05 0-27 0.4-3 0.2-4 0.2-5 0.2-1.4 0-19 0-1.6 0-0.2

January (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.4 0-1.0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0.08 0 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 0 0.1 0.4 0-0.3 0-1.0

February EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 1.0 0.08 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0 0 0.2-2.2 0-0.3 0-0.7 0.6-2.1 0-1 0-1 0-0.4 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0.08 0 platessoides 0-0.8 0.1-0.6 0-0.3 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1.9 0.08 0.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.08 0.1 0.1-7.1 0-0.3 0-1.4 0.8-2.9 0.3-1.6 0-1 0-0.4 0-0.3 0-0.4

February (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0-0.7 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 2.1 0-0.8 0-1.1 0-0.9 0.7-4.8 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0-1.1 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SScomber b b scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0-1.4 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Total 0 0 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.3 0.7 2.9 0-0.8 0-0.5 0-1.1 0.5-1.1 1-6.1

February (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0.15 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.4 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0-0.1 Gadus morhua 0.2 0 0.9 1.5 1.1 0.5 1.0 0.3 0 0-0.5 0-5.8 0.4-3.7 0.2-2.5 0.1-1 0.2-2.5 0-0.9 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.07 0-0.3 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0.3 0 0.9 1.7 1.1 0.5 1.3 0.5 0.07 0-0.9 0-5.8 0.6-3.7 0.2-2.5 0.1-1 0.5-2.7 0-0.9 0-0.3

February (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0.05 0.04 0-0.2 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.35 0-1.0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 0 0.05 0.37 0-0.2 0-1.0

March EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.4 0.08 0 0 0.4 0.1 0.04 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-1 0-0.3 0-0.1 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0-0.2 Gadus morhua 0.9 0.3 2.9 1.7 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.04 0.2-2 0-0.8 1.1-5.9 0.8-2.9 0-0.5 0.1-0.6 0-0.8 0.01-0.4 0-0.1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S

Scomber b scombrus b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 1.7 0 6.0 2.7 0.2 0 0 0.09 0.07 platessoides 0.4-4.3 3.3-10 1.4-4.7 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0.03 0 0 0.07 0.04 0.03 0 0.06 0 0-0.1 0-0.2 0-0.1 0-0.1 0-0.2 Total 4.1 0.9 10.4 5.3 1.4 2.3 12.1 2.4 0.3 1.6-8.7 0.2-2.1 5.8-18 3.1-8.5 0.4-3.2 0.6-5.5 2-56 0.6-6.3 0.04-0.6

March (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0.05 0 0 0.2 0.06 0.1 0 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-0.4 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.2 0 0-0.5 0-0.7 Gadus morhua 0 0.2 0 0.2 0.05 0.6 0.5 0 0.1 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-1.6 0.2-0.9 0-0.3 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 S

Scomber b scombrus b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0 0.2 0.07 0.04 0.3 0.1 0.3 0 0.2 platessoides 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.1 0.01-0.7 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-0.5 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0.01-0.5 0-0.3 Total 0 0.4 0.2 0.6 1.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.7 0.01-0.9 0-0.5 0-1.9 0.6-3.8 0.2-2.5 0.3-2.7 0-5 0.2-1.3

March (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.3 0.3 0.2 0 0.4 0 0.6 0.2 0.05 0.01-0.7 0-0.9 0-0.6 0.1-0.9 0.1-1.5 0-0.7 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.05 0.05 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 Gadus morhua 0.1 0 0.3 0 0.7 0.05 0.07 0 0 0-0.3 0.1-0.6 0.2-1.7 0-0.2 0-0.3 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-1 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 SScomber b b scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0.3 0 0.3 0 0.3 0 0.1 0.1 0 platessoides 0-0.7 0-1 0.7-0.6 0-0.2 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0.1 0 0.6 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-2 Total 0.8 0.3 1.0 0.2 2.3 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.05 0.2-1.5 0-0.9 0.3-2.3 0-1 0.9-4.8 0-0.5 0.2-1.8 0-0.8 0-0.2

March (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 1.6 0.7-3.0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.05 0.04 0.03 0-0.2 0-0.1 0-0.1 Gadus morhua 0.2 0 2.4 0-0.7 1.0-4.9 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0.2 0-0.7 Labridae 0.06 0 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.2 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0.2 0.06 0.5 platessoides 0-0.6 0-0.2 0.2-1.0 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 Total 0.6 0.2 5.4 0.1-1.4 0-0.7 2.4-11.1

April EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0.03 0.4 0.5 0 0 0.06 0.06 0-0.1 0.02-0.8 0-1.3 0-0.2 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.2 0.03 0.4 0.1 0.5 2.1 1.9 0.5 0-0.5 0-0.1 0.01-0.8 0-0.4 0-1.4 0.5-5.4 0.4-5.2 0-1.3 Gadus morhua 0.3 0.07 0.4 1.4 1.0 0.1 1.1 0.4 0-0.7 0-0.2 0.1-0.7 0.4-3.3 0.2-2.2 0-0.4 0.03-3.4 0-1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0-0.2 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0-0.9 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0-0.5 Hippogloissoides 0.7 0.6 1.5 5.2 0.9 0.1 2.6 0.6 platessoides 0.2-1.4 0.03-1.4 0.6-2.8 2.9-8.9 0.1-2.3 0-0.4 1.1-5.4 0-1.8 Limanda ferruginea 0.7 0.03 1.8 1.0 1.7 0.3 1.3 0.5 0.04-1.8 0-0.09 0.6-3.8 0.2-2.5 0.3-5 0-0.7 0.5-2.5 0-1.8 Total 4.6 1.0 5.8 10.3 6.3 5.4 11.5 1.9 1.2-13 0.3-2.1 2.9-11 7.6-14 2.7-13 0.6-10 6.5-20 0.2-6.1 1

No sampling.

April (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.2 0-0.3 0-0.5 0-0.5 0-0.5 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 3.9 3.4 0-3.7 0.1-1.7 0.1-1.7 0-0.5 0-0.6 0-0.3 1.1-9.1 0.8-9.6 Gadus morhua 0.1 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 1.4 0.8 0-0.3 0.2-1.4 0.3-1.4 0-1.1 0-0.7 0-0.6 0.1-0.6 0.5-2.9 0.2-1.7 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0.06 0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0-0.2 0-0.5 0-2.3 0-1.1 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.2 0-1.1 0-0.6 S

Scomber b scombrus b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0.06 0 04 0.04 0-0.2 0-0.1 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hippogloissoides 0.9 2.7 7.5 5.7 1.8 3.8 0.6 5.2 4.0 platessoides 0.3-1.9 1.3-4.8 3-17 2.2-13 0.6-3.7 3-4.8 0.1-1.5 2.7-9.6 1-12 Limanda ferruginea 0.5 0.6 1.0 0 0.2 0.7 0 4.6 7.7 0.1-1 0.1-1.5 0.3-2.2 0-0.6 0-1.8 1.3-13 2.7-20 Total 4.1 7.7 14.7 6.1 3.9 7.6 2.7 20.6 23.2 1.9-8.2 4.7-12 6.2-33 2.4-14 1.9-7.3 4-14 0.8-6.6 9.1-45 9.9-53

April (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.3 4.6 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.1-1.6 0.1-2.3 0.01-2.1 0-0.8 0.7-18 0.5-3.2 0-1.6 0.04-1.1 0-3.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 Peprilus 0.1-2.6 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.6 0.1 0 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.1 0 0.6-3.3 0-0.3 0.1-1.6 0-1.4 0.2-1.1 0-0.9 0-0.2 Gadus morhua 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.4 1.3 4.4 0.6 0.1 0.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 0.4-2.5 0-1 0-4.4 1.8-9.3 0-2.1 0-0.4 0-1.1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0.7 4.0 1.7 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-2.7 1.5-8.9 0.3-4.9 0-0.5 Labridae 0 0 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0-1.7 Scomber scombrus 0.1 0 0.1 4.3 0 0 0 0 0 0-5 0-0.2 0.6-17 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0.1 0.0.6 0.1 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-2.5 Hippoglossoides platessoides 5.3 1.0 11.8 0.5 5.7 8.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 2.5-10.4 0-3.2 5.8-23 0-1.3 2.4-12 4-17 0-2.2 0.1-2.0 0-2.4 Limanda ferruginea 2.4 0.6 0 1.1 1.1 1.6 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.8-5.3 0-1.8 0-3.2 0-3.6 0.6-3.2 0-0.7 0-0.7 0-0.5 Total 13.2 5.9 19.7 10.2 16.8 21.9 2.9 2.8 1.9 7.5-22 1.5-18 9.7-39 2.2-38 7.5-36 12-39 0-8.3 1-6.0 0-9.2

April (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.04 0 0.1 0-0.1 0-0.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0.1 0 0 Peprilus 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.4 0.2 1.4 0-0.9 0-0.8 0.3-3.3 Gadus morhua 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2-1.5 0-0.8 0-0.7 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0.04 0-0.1 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0.3 0 0.6 0-1.1 0-1.6 Labridae 0.04 0 0.1 0-0.1 0-0.4 Scomber scombrus 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 Hippoglossoides platessoides 1.4 0.5 0.8 0.2-4.1 0-2.2 0.1-1.8 Limanda ferruginea 1.0 1.2 2.5 0.3-2.3 0.4-2.5 0.7-6.1 Total 4.8 3.3 10.3 1.5-12.6 0.8-9.8 5.6-18.4

May EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.3 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.2 0.2 2.0 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 0.2 0.6 0-0.6 0.02-0.4 0.6-4.7 0.6-2.5 0.2-1.2 0-0.9 0.1-2 0-0.4 0.1-1.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 6.2 2.2 6.0 3.6 4.5 16.3 10.7 9.2 22.1 Peprilus 3.6-10 1.2-3.6 4.3-8.2 1.3-8.3 1.9-9 6.2-41 5.2-21 2.7-27 6.9-66 Enchelyopus cimbrius 5.2 0.6 3.3 2.2 6.7 13.5 11.2 18.6 8.7 1.3-16 0.2-1.1 0.6-10 0.5-5.8 4.3-10 5.6-31 5.8-21 6.8-48 3.5-20 Gadus morhua 0.5 0.09 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.06 0.3 0.1-1.1 0-0.2 0.1-0.9 0.3-1.4 0.1-0.6 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-0.2 0-0.6 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.08 0 0.04 0 0.4 0.06 0.05 0 0.3 0-0.3 0-0.1 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-1 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.06 0 0 0.1-0.4 0-0.2 Labridae-Limanda 23.0 16.3 6.6 4.9 85.2 18.9 7.1 39.6 47.2 10-50 7.1-36 1.3-24 2.2-9.7 19-365 6.7-51 2.7-17 13-115 8.3-250 Labridae 1.3 2.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.4 4.4 1.9 0.1-3.7 1-3-4.2 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-1.5 0-2.6 0.01-1.1 1.6-10 0.5-4.9 Scomber scombrus 54 5.4 25 2.5 95 9.5 96 9.6 204 3 204.3 91 0 91.0 17 0 17.0 152 5 152.5 137 5 137.5 0.8-22 0.5-7.1 1.1-51 3.9-21 64-644 56-149 6.9-40 18-1217 14-1322 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 7.0 3.9 3.6 3.8 15.3 14.3 4.7 22.4 15.7 2-20 1.4-8.7 0.8-11 1.5-8.4 10-24 6.4-30 1.7-11 6.3-74 6.9-34 Hippogloissoides 4.5 0.9 1.8 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.05 1.2 platessoides 2.6-7.4 0.3-1.6 0.9-3 0.8-3.1 0.5-1.6 0.01-0.8 0-1 0-0.2 0.3-2.7 Limanda ferruginea 3.7 1.5 1.0 1.1 2.5 0.4 1.3 4.6 2.5 1.5-7.6 0.7-2.7 0.2-2.4 0.4-2.1 1.1-4.8 0.01-0.9 0.3-2.9 1.9-10 0.8-5.5 Total 108.0 107.1 66.3 48.4 757.8 230.1 86.7 473.7 616.6 62-188 59-194 21-202 33-71 271-2111 150-353 57-131 129-1727 125-3021

May (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.3 0 0 0 0.06 0.1 0 0.9 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-0.3 0.02-2.4 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.5 1.4 0.2 0 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2-1 0.3-3.7 0-0.6 0-0.7 0-4.2 0-0.2 0-0.7 0-0.5 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 21 15.9 1.0 3.7 3.2 3.7 3.3 2.2 5.7 Peprilus 9-46 5.3-44 0.3-2.2 1.9-6.6 1.1-7.5 0-25 1.4-6.8 0.6-5.3 3.3-9.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 10.7 18.9 3.1 1.8 5.9 9.9 2.7 3.5 3.6 6.7-17 9-38 0.7-8.8 0.9-3.1 1.8-16 3.7-24 1-6 0.9-9.6 1.9-6 Gadus morhua 0.5 0.9 0.6 0 0.4 0.8 0.1 0 0 0.1-1 0.3-1.9 0.1-1.5 0.1-1 0.2-1.8 0-0.4 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Labridae-Limanda 20.9 36.7 16.9 110.0 10.0 25.0 24.2 19.5 51.1 7.3-57 6.6-187 3.8-66 12-928 2-40 2.4-197 4.9-107 5.8-61 8.6-281 Labridae 0.6 5.3 2.4 2.8 0.6 2.7 4.6 1.8 1.3 0-1.5 1.4-16 0.7-5.5 0.5-8.2 0-2.1 0.1-11 0.6-19 0.4-4.4 0-8.4 Scomber scombrus 50 4 50.4 75 0 75.0 22 5 22.5 1042 1 1042.1 67 4 67.4 73 2 73.2 201 4 201.4 21 3 21.3 196 0 196.0 8.7-271 12-451 5.8-80 157-6890 16-269 6.5-733 23-1699 3.2-117 43-887 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 6.7 10.3 12.0 34.2 2.6 16.2 11.4 8.8 23.3 2.8-15 5.8-18 4.8-28 7.6-143 0.8-6.1 2.7-79 3.1-36 3.8-19 13-42 Hippogloissoides 1.2 1.7 3.2 0.7 4.2 5.8 1.3 1.3 1.1 platessoides 0.5-2.2 0.7-3.1 0.9-8.2 0-2.5 2-8 2.9-11 0.5-2.5 0.4-2.8 0.2-2.7 Limanda ferruginea 0.7 1.2 0.8 0.5 4.8 3.5 0.5 2.6 2.0 0.3-1.2 0.4-2.6 0.1-2 0-1.5 2.5-8.6 0.6-12 0.02-1.1 1.1-5 0.4-5.1 Total 278.6 298.5 131.1 1301.9 139.4 240.2 336.1 91.3 579.6 99-784 91-969 63-272 211-7999 44-441 43-1315 53-2119 28-289 174-1921

May (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0.3 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.5 0-0.8 0-0.8 0-1.6 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.4 0.8 0.1 1.6 1.1 0.5 0.5 0.2 1.1 0-1.3 0.1-2.2 0-0.3 0.2-4.5 0.3-2.5 0.1-0.9 0-1.6 0-0.7 0.4-2.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 16.0 7.3 1.7 6.5 3.9 2.2 1.6 2.2 7 Peprilus 6.6-37 3.2-15 0-6.4 3..3-12.2 1-11 1-4.2 0.5-3.4 0.6-5.6 3.6-13.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 3.0 0.6 5.3 0.2 3.3 1.4 2.5 1.0 2.9 0.8-7.9 0-1.4 0.7-22 0-0.7 1.1-8.1 0.3-3.3 0.5-7.1 0.1-2.7 1.1-6.1 Gadus morhua 0.1 0.04 0.4 0.06 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 1.9 0-0.4 0-0.1 0-1.2 0.0.2 0-1.3 0-1 0-0.9 0-0.6 0.8-3.7 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.1 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.3 Prionotus spp. 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Labridae-Limanda 31.8 80.7 44.4 29.6 7.2 27.9 24.8 37.5 16.6 13-77 22-282 7.8-234 11-75 1.5-25 7.6-97 7.4-78.1 9.5-140 6.4-41.1 Labridae 0 0 0 0.06 0.7 2.2 0.2 0 1.8 0-0.2 0-2.1 0.4-6.3 0-0.7 0.5-4.2 Scomber scombrus 34 9 34.9 197 6 197.6 141 3 141.3 371 2 371.2 60 1 60.1 15 6 15.6 6 86 8.6 72 7.2 17-72 44-870 45-436 224-616 13-281 4.2-52 1.0-23.3 1.0-44.1 1.9-22.2 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 8.0 22.4 30.0 19.8 5.6 15.1 4.9 8.7 11.4 3-20 7.8-61 15-57 12-31 2.1-13 5.5-39 1.8-11.4 3.3-21.0 4.3-27.9 Hippogloissoides 1.9 3.4 2.4 1.3 5.9 5.9 0.9 2.8 6.6 platessoides 0.3-5.4 1.3-7.4 0.4-7.4 0.1-3.8 1.4-19 2.2-14 0-3.2 1.2-5.8 2.4-15.8 Limanda ferruginea 0.2 0 1.9 2.5 0.5 0 0 0.1 0.5 0-0.7 0.3-5.3 0.6-6.4 0-1.6 0-0.3 0.1-1.1 Total 116.0 712.6 394.1 514.4 129.4 141.9 56.9 89.4 66.8 59-226 283-1790 138-1120 345-768 44-374 63-316 17.6-178.6 26.5-295.7 22.4-196.0

May (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.2 0 0 0-0.7 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.2 1.3 0.2 0-0.5 0.3-3.0 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 12.9 5.1 5.7 Peprilus 6.2-26.0 1.3-14.7 2.7-11.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.5 3.8 4.0 0.7-6.2 1.1-9.7 1.8-8.1 Gadus morhua 0.4 3.3 0.3 0-1.4 0.6-10.6 0-0.7 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.2 0 0 0-0.6 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 65.5 85.5 31.5 24.3-173.4 11.7-590.1 7.8-118.5 Labridae 2.1 18.5 19.3 0.2-6.9 5.7-55.6 8.6-42.2 Scomber scombrus 33 7 33.7 56 3 56.3 10 9 10.9 7.6-138.6 12.7-238.3 3.6-30.2 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 20.1 58.2 33.7 7.4-52.0 16.4-200.3 11.0-99.3 Hippogloissoides 1.7 11.6 1.7 platessoides 0.4-4.3 3.6-33.3 0.7-3.5 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 190.2 309.1 195.1 73.5-489.7 49.0-1922 102.5-370.8

June EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.3 1.4 0.4 2.1 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.8 21.1 0.7-2.1 0.3-3.4 0-0.9 0.2-7.3 0-1.3 0-2.4 0-0.9 0.2-5.9 16-28 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 1.6 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.1 0.2 0.8-2.8 0.04-0.7 0.1-0.7 0.1-2.8 0.2-1.3 0.1-1.4 0-0.7 0.4-2.2 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 32.3 6.7 23.7 7.9 13.7 14.0 8.8 21.9 26.9 Peprilus 18-57 3.9-11 13-41 3.7-16 7.3-25 4-44 2.7-25 11-43 19-38 Enchelyopus cimbrius 11.8 6.7 7.0 1.5 5.5 22.7 16.0 28.3 26.7 7.9-17 4.6-9.6 3-15 0.3-3.8 2.2-12 6.2-77 7.6-32 15-52 17-42 Gadus morhua 1.7 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.2 0 0.9-2.8 0.01-0.4 0-1.0 0.2-1.3 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-1.1 0-0.5 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 3.8 1.4 1.7 0.6 2.7 2.3 1.5 2.2 26.9 1.9-7.1 0.7-2.3 0.6-3.3 0.1-1.4 1.3-4.8 0.6-5.9 0-5.9 1.1-3.9 20-35 Prionotus spp. 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.3 3.5 2.7 27.0 0.8 1.8 0.2-1 0.04-0.7 0.2-1.6 0-0.8 1.5-7.2 1.6-4.3 6.4-105 0.1-0.3 0.6-3.9 Labridae-Limanda 892.7 1187.9 2641.3 482.3 376.6 900.3 2261.4 704.6 2941.8 459-1734 745-1893 932-7480 168-1378 169-838 431-1879 746-6849 419-1184 1807-4789 Labridae 58.7 143.8 100.5 1.2 61.2 41.7 41.0 147.7 674.3 33-105 115-180 50-201 0.2-2.7 30-123 17-98 11-145 114-192 461-986 Scomber scombrus 46 6 46.6 15 0 15.0 77 3 77.3 14 6 14.6 47 8 47.8 43 4 43.4 66 9 66.9 542 9 542.9 114 6 114.6 25-86 3.2-60 35-169 5.2-38 18-126 8.5-207 27-164 155-1901 25-513 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 30.7 30.8 29.2 6.4 27.5 22.8 36.0 37.1 114.6 18-52 20-48 15-56 2.7-14 12-60 16-33 18-70 22-62 73-179 Hippogloissoides 1.2 0 0.5 0.06 0 0 0.5 0.07 0 platessoides 0.6-1.8 0.1-1.1 0-0.2 0-1.7 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 1.6 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.3 2.4 1.4 2.5 0.5-3.3 0-2.0 0.09-2 0-1.8 0-2.1 0-1.1 0.3-7.4 0.3-3.2 0.7-6.5 Total 1432.7 1565.7 4035.4 645.9 575.4 1555.9 2734.6 2659.4 4653.7 813-2524 1040-2357 1930-8435 268-1553 264-1254 867-2792 1003-7453 1563-4524 2825-7665

June (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.5 0.7 0.3 1.5 2.8 0.7 3.2 20.3 7.3 0.1-1.1 0-2.3 0-0.8 0.5-3.3 0.5-8.2 0-2.1 0.7-9.1 6.2-62 2.4-20 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 0 0.5 0.1-1.7 0-0.4 0-0.4 0.01-0.9 0-0.6 0-0.6 0-1.1 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 9.8 3.6 2.5 7.9 3.4 7.1 4.1 7.7 13.6 Peprilus 3.5-25 1-9 0.7-6.3 3.1-18 1-8.8 1.8-23 1.1-11 2.4-21 7.9-23 Enchelyopus cimbrius 8.9 2.2 2.3 3.4 5.6 8.5 1.6 9.7 7.3 3.1-23 0.04-9 0.6-6 1.1-8.4 2.3-12 2.3-27 0.3-4 4.9-18 3-16 Gadus morhua 0.5 0 0.2 0.2 1.0 0.02 0.8 0 0.08 0.2-0.8 0-0.4 0-0.6 0.4-1.9 0-0.5 0.1-1.9 0-0.2 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 0 0.7 1.2 7.4 1.4 0.1-5.2 0-1.7 0.1-0.9 0-0.3 0.1-1.6 0.3-2.7 2.7-18 0-4.6 Prionotus spp. 0.2 1.5 0.1 0 0 0.8 0.5 1.2 0.04 0-0.5 0-5.3 0-0.3 0.2-1.8 0.1-1.1 0.3-2.6 0-0.1 Labridae-Limanda 794.6 448.6 453.8 596.5 218.9 1102.0 779.1 918.1 1292.0 492-1283 362-556 261-829 191-1858 87-547 304-3987 330-1839 439-1919 564-2956 Labridae 14.3 54.5 32.6 39.6 6.7 77.4 112.9 186.5 4.8 3.1-56 6.3-420 11-97 17-91 2.2-18 28-211 34-365 68-511 0.4-23 Scomber scombrus 83 3 83.3 44 2 44.2 58 8 58.8 19 4 19.4 107 6 107.6 24 6 24.6 18 4 18.4 14 3 14.3 11 0 11.0 11-589 0.4-1466 12-282 3.7-88 38-304 2.2-205 3.1-91 1.8-83 3.7-30 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 17.8 14.4 18.4 47.6 14.2 35.7 37.7 43.2 41.8 6.7-45 3.2-55 10-33 34-67 6.1-31 20-64 16-87 20-92 24-71 Hippogloissoides 0.7 0 0 0.5 1.2 0.1 1.4 0.4 0.5 platessoides 0.1-1.8 0.02-1.3 0.4-2.6 0-0.4 0.1-4.1 0.1-0.8 0-1.4 Limanda ferruginea 0 0.3 0 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0-1.4 0.1-1.3 0.04-0.9 0-2.1 0-1.5 0-1.2 0-1 Total 1448.7 867.4 924.4 1622.5 638.2 2246.0 1548.4 2062.0 1585.0 645-3250 367-2051 528-1618 886-2972 326-1250 787-6409 732-3275 1282-3317 716-3506

June (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 8.0 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.4 0.2 0.6 1.2 2.5 1.7-29 0-1.7 0.1-4.7 0-2.2 0-5.3 0-0.6 0-1.9 0.2-3.3 0.4-7.7 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.03 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.04 0.3 0 0-0.1 0-1.4 0.2-1.3 0-1 0-0.1 0-0.8 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 9.3 10.3 4.8 19.5 4.6 3.7 3.9 7.6 8.7 Peprilus 3.4-23 4.9-21 2.5-8.6 11-35 1.9-9.9 1.3-8.6 2.0-7.1 2.7-19.0 3.6-19.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.4 2.3 2.2 0.5 0.8 2.8 2.1 2.9 4.1 0.3-7.7 0.7-5.4 0.8-4.8 0-2 0.2-1.8 0.4-9.3 0.4-5.7 0.4-9.6 1.3-10.3 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.3 0 0.9 0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.04-0.7 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-1.0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 1.4 10.7 0.1 0.7 0.8 0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1-3.9 3.6-29 0-0.5 0.1-1.6 0-2.5 0-0.7 0-1.3 0-0.9 Prionotus spp. 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.6 0 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.2-4.4 0.4-4.8 0-1.3 0.1-1.3 0-0.7 0-0.4 0-0.4 Labridae-Limanda 491.2 438.9 808.6 390.0 376.0 730.4 157.8 264.7 681.8 86-2782 182-1054 335-1952 178-854 143-985 338-1579 49-499 56.1-1236 291-1593 Labridae 32.1 0 50.1 5.2 6.2 4.8 1.5 1.3 25.4 4.4-201 24-105 1.3-16 1.6-18 0.7-18 0-6.9 0-5.6 5.2-110.3 Scomber scombrus 19 1.9 13 0 13.0 21 3 21.3 91 9.1 50 7 50.7 5.9 16 2 16.2 62 6.2 3 0.2-6.2 4.3-36 7.2-60 1.9-34 9-267 1-24 3-73.1 0.5-34.6 0.5-34.6 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 22.3 39.3 51.3 15.4 28.0 26.7 8.6 12.4 93.2 5.5-83 22-71 31-84 5.6-40 9.3-81 13-54 2.9-22.4 4.9-29.5 49.1-176.1 Hippogloissoides 0.07 0.02 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.04 0.05 0.3 platessoides 0-0.3 0-0.6 0.4-2.5 0-0.5 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.1 0-0.2 0-0.9 Limanda ferruginea 0.2 0 1.0 6.5 0 0 0 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.1-2.8 1-27 0-2.9 0-1.4 Total 616.2 649.6 1073.2 599.8 964.0 943.1 289.6 335.1 928.0 106-3563 313-1346 487-2364 328-1095 485-1916 507-1755 117-717 72-1556 406-2117

June (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.1 0.1 3.8 0-0.3 0-0.3 0.7-12.4 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.1 0.7 0.1 0-0.3 0-2.1 0-0.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 20.9 2.5 23.1 Peprilus 7.6-55.3 0.8-5.9 12.4-42.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.9 2.0 2.9 1.1-3.0 0.7-4.4 2.1-3.9 Gadus morhua 0.4 0.2 0.4 0-0.9 0-0.6 0-1.1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0.04 0-0.1 Urophycis spp. 0.8 0.5 2.1 0.1-1.9 0-1.5 0.8-4.5 Prionotus spp. 0.4 0.8 1.6 0-1.0 0.2-1.9 0.4-3.9 Labridae-Limanda 249.4 249.3 1547.5 134.4-462 39.2-1556 857-2795 Labridae 37.3 31.5 68.6 9.9-133 7.3-126.4 26.3-176.4 Scomber scombrus 23 2.3 60 6.0 25 0 25.0 0.5-6.5 1.3-20.6 12.0-51.2 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 39.0 30.7 75.0 20.2-74.6 9.1-98.9 36.9-151.3 Hippogloissoides 0.3 0.2 0.7 platessoides 0-0.7 0-0.5 0-2.0 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0.5 0-1.3 Total 444.4 337.4 2039.6 247-799 51.8-2170 1206-3394

July EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 2.0 0.7 0.6 0 0 0 0 1.5 0.08 0.4-5.4 0.1-1.7 0.1-1.2 0.1-4.8 0-0.3 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.03 0 0 0.2 0.2 0-0.4 0.09-1.1 0.1-1.7 0.06-0.7 0-0.1 0-0.4 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 36.7 6.4 73.7 5.0 11.9 10.3 2.4 11.2 8.6 Peprilus 16-83 2.3-16 29-188 3.2-7.5 8-16 6.5-16 1-5 5.2-23 4.2-17 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.6 3.5 10.0 0.05 1.3 0.3 0.2 1.2 3.1 1-5.5 1.4-7.4 3.9-24 0-0.2 0.7-2.1 0-0.9 0-0.5 0.6-2.2 1.0-7.3 Gadus morhua 0 0.2 0.3 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-0.6 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 31.1 1.6 54.2 0.5 5.8 3.7 1.3 2.1 15.5 11-82 0.5-3.7 35-84 0.1-0.9 3.9-8.5 1.6-7.7 0.4-2.9 0.9-4.1 12-21 Prionotus spp. 4.4 0.2 12.6 0.06 3.6 3.1 3.6 0.6 1.9 2.8-6.7 0-0.4 5-30 0-0.2 2.4-5.2 1.7-5.4 1.3-8.1 0.1-1.4 0.5-4.7 Labridae-Limanda 630.3 481.4 862.1 312.5 513.4 177.6 230.9 488.2 272.0 141-2807 245-944 580-1280 204-477 196-1341 82-385 64-826 311-765 94-784 Labridae 57.8 21.5 84.9 4.3 23.1 19.1 3.1 69.4 39.1 10-314 11-42 58-124 1.6-9.9 11-48 10-36 0.6-9.5 38-125 12-123 Scomber scombrus 8.5 0.2 4.0 0.3 0.06 0.6 0.06 5.6 2.0 1.1-42 0-0.6 0.6-14 0.01-0.6 0-0.2 0.1-1.4 0-0.2 3.2-10 0.02-7.6 Paralichthys- 27.2 11.7 23.2 1.5 10.6 6.5 1.1 0 30.2 Scophthalmus 9.9-72 5.9-22 13-41 0.9-2.3 6.9-16 3.8-11 0.2-2.9 16-56 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0.04 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides 0-0.1 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0.4 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0-1.5 0-0.5 0-0.4 0-0.7 Total 986.1 576.5 1317.6 337.4 670.5 293.3 297.3 651.7 490.3 238-4068 312-1065 932-1862 226-504 301-1491 165-520 104-843 425-1000 221-1086

July (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.1 0 0 1.3 0.06 0.04 0 0.9 1.0 0-0.4 0.5-2.6 0-0.2 0-0.1 0-3.4 0.02-2.7 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.3 0.08 0.07 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.04-0.7 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 19.8 3.0 12.3 5.3 0.9 5.6 4.5 5.7 10.2 Peprilus 11-35 1.8-4.7 6.2-24 1.8-13 0.1-2.3 1.9-14 1.9-9.2 1.6-16 4.9-21 Enchelyopus cimbrius 8.7 0.5 0 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.07 1.2 6.9 2.8-24 0.02-1.1 0.6-3.3 0-1.4 0-1.3 0-0.2 0-3.7 2.7-16 Gadus morhua 0.04 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.03 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.6 0-0.1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 8.7 0.5 0.06 0.9 0.04 1.1 1.0 4.3 10.9 4.3-17 0.1-1.1 0-0.2 0.1-2.6 0-0.2 0.2-2.7 0-2.9 0.7-16 4.2-26 Prionotus spp. 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 2.2 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.1-0.7 0-1 0.1-0.8 0.2-1.6 0.6-5.6 0-0.6 0-2.1 0-1.1 Labridae-Limanda 451.0 99.3 418.6 240.8 210.1 187.9 705.4 115.7 238.8 279-728 45-218 52-3351 73-794 81-545 92-381 343-1450 38-351 61-930 Labridae 83.3 2.6 14.6 60.0 34.9 28.6 39.7 12.7 29.9 48-144 1.2-4.9 1-119 25-144 10-118 11-74 23-70 3.8-38 4.2-182 Scomber scombrus 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.3 0 0 1.2 0.4-3.8 0.03-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-1.3 0-1 0.3-2.7 Paralichthys-Scophthalmus 31.3 3.8 12.8 17.7 29.5 12.7 21.6 19.8 20.6 24-41 1.3-8.7 6.5-24 8.8-35 17-51 7-22 11-41 8.6-44 8.2-49 Hippogloissoides platessoides 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.4 0-0.4 Limanda ferruginea 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 0 0.04 0.1 1.7 0 0-0.6 0-0.4 0-0.9 0-0.1 0-0.4 0-8.6 Total 712.5 130.5 1242.0 388.6 431.8 361.3 841.2 213.7 427.8 481-1055 69-246 384-4010 140-1074 211-884 213-612 434-1629 91-501 97-1869

July (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.6 0.1 0.4 0 0.4 0 0.4 0.03 0.13 0-2.2 0-0.3 0-1.3 0-1.1 0-1.5 0-0.1 0-0.5 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0.1 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.1 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 18 9.4 4.7 6.4 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.07 4.4 Peprilus 9.9-32 3-26 2.5-8.5 3.1-12 0.4-2.8 0.2-2.6 0.3-2.7 0.4-2.1 1.2-12.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.05 0 0 0.34 0.04 1-5.2 0-0.7 0.2-4.1 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-1.2 0-0.1 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0-0.5 0-0.2 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 5.8 27.6 2.2 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.7-16 7.2-99 0.7-5 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.4 0-1.5 0-2.7 Prionotus spp. 1.2 4 1.2 0.2 0 0.4 0.3 0 0.3 0.4-2.6 1.7-8.2 0.4-2.4 0-0.5 0-1 0-0.8 0-0.7 Labridae-Limanda 368.9 0 380.5 40.1 95.0 283.0 201.3 49.3 337.5 153-889 166-872 9.3-162 32-281 71-1120 62-649 23.7-101.4 131.9-860.9 Labridae 36.6 150.6 17.9 0.7 0.5 2.9 0 1.2 9.0 14-95 26-841 8.3-37 0-2.5 0-1.8 0.5-9.4 0.1-3.5 2.5-27.5 Scomber scombrus 0.3 1.0 1.2 0.1 0.04 0 0 0 0 0-1 0.2-2.2 0.3-2.8 0-0.4 0-0.1 Paralichthys- 42.9 0.3 49.4 5.2 3.0 9.2 5.1 7.1 36.8 Scophthalmus 21-85 0-1.3 32-77 2.2-11 1.2-6.3 3.1-25 1.3-15.1 3.5-13.8 14.3-92.0 Hippogloissoides 0.2 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides 0-0.9 0-0.5 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0.1 0.3 0 0 0 0.1 0 0-0.2 0-0.8 0-0.2 Total 547.3 558.3 95.6 106.4 298.7 214.3 69.42 419.8 256-1170 281-1107 36-249 37-306 74-1190 66-688 34.6-138.2 172.7-1019

July (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.6 0.1 1.2 0-1.6 0-.3 0-4.4 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 26.6 17.5 16.8 Peprilus 8.4-80.0 9.4-31.7 9.2-29.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 3.2 2.11 0.8 1.4-6.2 0.7-4.7 0.1-2.0 Gadus morhua 0.1 0 0 0-0.4 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 7.5 6.7 2.5 2.9-17.7 3.2-13.3 0.9-5.3 Prionotus spp. 0.5 3.5 7.5 0-1.1 1.6-6.8 2.9-17.2 Labridae-Limanda 281.9 393.2 526.2 85.9-919.8 86.1- 261.3-1782.9 1058.7 Labridae 31.5 28.4 65.4 11.9-81.1 6.6-112.3 29.5-144.0 Scomber scombrus 0.3 0.2 1.0 0-0.9 0-.5 0-2.8 Paralichthys- 16.4 25.6 31.2 Scophthalmus 6.6-38.6 16.9-38.4 14.3-66.9 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0.04 0 0 0-0.1 Total 449.9 1107.7 770.9 140-1441 598.5- 421.2-2049.4 1410.4

August EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.03 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.1 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 11.7 3.7 3.5 4.4 9.4 13.3 1.2 7.4 24.4 Peprilus 6.0-22 1.2-9 2.2-5.3 1.7-9.8 5.4-16 8.2-21 0.3-2.6 1.7-25 11-51 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.3 1.9 0.7 0.2 3.3 1.0 0.2 2.9 1.4 0.6-2.4 0.8-3.5 0.3-1.3 0-0.5 1.8-5.5 0.2-2.4 0-0.5 1.2-5.9 0.5-2.9 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 4.9 4.4 3.9 8.2 12.1 5.2 2.0 5.1 11.5 2.3-10 1.6-9.9 2.1-6.9 3.2-19 8.8-17 3-9 1-3.4 1.9-12 6.1-21 Prionotus spp. 3.1 0.5 2.0 2.3 8.7 3.1 1.0 0.8 1.7 1.1-7.1 0.3-0.9 0.9-3.6 0.5-5.8 3.4-20 1.7-5.3 0.4-1.9 0.1-2 0.3-4.4 Labridae-Limanda 2.1 12.2 11.9 75.2 8.5 5.5 1.8 16.1 65.2 0.6-4.9 2.4-50 9-16 15-360 5.9-12 3-9 0.5-4.4 36-63 26-160 Labridae 2.5 3.0 3.1 4.0 7.1 3.9 0.9 3.2 14.7 1.2-4.8 0.8-7.9 1.5-5.9 1.1-11 4.1-12 1.9-7.4 0.1-2.2 1-8 6.7-31 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0.08 0.06 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-0.2 Paralichthys- 15.3 12.0 4.8 12.2 16.9 4.4 1.0 12.2 81.9 Scophthalmus 7.5-30 7.3-19 2.1-9.8 8.2-18 9.6-29 3.3-5.9 0.2-2.4 5.3-27 54-125 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0.1 0.02 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.08 0-1 0-0.6 0-0.4 Total 58.2 53.1 41.6 204.0 80.8 43.7 11.0 57.5 261.4 38-89 20-136 35-50 67-617 60-108 33-58 6.7-18 20-166 152-449

August (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.05 0 0.04 0.9 0 0.4 0 0 0.4 0-0.2 0-0.1 0.2-2.2 0-1.4 0-1.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.06 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0.6 5.6 18.5 0.9 1.4 1.3 8.5 1.2 6.1 Peprilus 0.2-1.3 1.4-17 7.2-45 0.1-2.1 0.3-3.7 0.2-3.8 3.2-21 0.3-2.8 2.4-14 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.2 4.0 2.8 3.5 2.1 1.1 0.7 0.3 2.6 1-4 0.7-14 0.5-8.5 2.1-5.6 0.7-4.8 0.2-2.8 0.01-2 0-0.6 0.8-6.1 Gadus morhua 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 2.9 4.2 8.7 2.0 2.5 3.6 13.0 0.9 7.7 1.3-5.6 1-13 1.7-35 1.2-3.3 0.8-5.8 0.8-11 5.2-31 0.2-2.1 3.2-17 Prionotus spp. 0.6 1.3 1.0 0.4 0.4 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.4 0.1-1.3 0.5-2.5 0.3-2.0 0-1 0.1-0.7 0.2-5 0-1.3 0-0.6 0-1 Labridae-Limanda 4.0 11.2 18.0 15.5 6.6 12.5 15.7 4.0 20.7 1.1-11 5.3-23 4.3-67 5.3-42 2.6-15 3.8-37 6.1-39 1.1-11 7-58 Labridae 1.9 5.6 25.5 4.3 2.2 2.1 3.6 0.6 7.3 0.7-3.8 2.2-13 8.3-75 1.9-8.7 0.6-5.4 0.2-6.9 1.1-9.3 0-1.5 2.6-18 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.07 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-0.3 Paralichthys- 18.3 0 15.9 17.7 18.0 8.0 31.5 6.2 38.0 Scophthalmus 13-25 7.9-31 9.2-34 6.6-47 4.3-14 17-59 1.8-17 24-60 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0.04 0 0 platessoides 0-0.2 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0.05 0.3 0.05 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.07 0-0.2 0.1-0.7 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 Total 37.9 68.6 131.2 62.2 33.4 51.0 113.9 18.9 127.6 26-55 28-165 48-355 36-107 11-100 23-111 69-188 9.4-37 74-221

August (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.07 0 0 0 0.04 0 0.03 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.1 0.09 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 5.6 1.6 2.8 1.8 1.66 0.9 1.5 10.3 7.8 Peprilus 1.9-14 0.3-4.2 1-6 0.7-3.4 0.2-4.9 0.2-2.3 0.7-2.9 2.8-32.6 2.8-19.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.6 0 0.2 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0.5-3.4 0-0.4 0-0.8 0-0.4 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 8.4 5.4 1.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.8 3.4-19 1.7-14 0.01-6 0.1-1.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 0.2-2 0-4.3 0.4-4.5 Prionotus spp. 1.0 1.5 0.4 0.3 0.05 0.1 0 0.2 0.1 0.2-2.3 0.6-2.9 0.02-0.8 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 Labridae-Limanda 7.1 0 8.5 1.7 14.9 12.0 24.8 19.8 41.1 1.9-22 2.8-23 0.4-4.2 5.6-37 3-42 8.6-68.8 6.5-56.7 16.1-102.6 Labridae 2.5 4.3 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.7 0.7-5.9 1.2-12 0-1.1 0-1.8 0-0.4 0-0.3 0.2-3.0 0.5-3.7 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0.05 0.08 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 Paralichthys- 36.9 18.7 13.9 2.4 9.1 12.2 12.8 29.66 26.7 Scophthalmus 19-72 6.8-49 6.1-31 0.5-6.8 4.9-16 5.3-27 5.5-28.4 10.2-83.0 13.3-52.8 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0.04 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 platessoides 0-0.1 0-0.2 Limanda ferruginea 0.09 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0-0.2 0-0.9 0-0.5 Total 92.5 38.0 14.0 30.6 27.6 47.4 71.2 115.3 44-191 16-91 6.3-30 14-64 9.8-75 19-114 21.8-227.5 60.3-219.7

August (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.9 0 0 0-3.1 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.3 0 0 0-0.8 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 7.2 1.3 6.1 Peprilus 2.4-18.9 0-4.3 1.5-19.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.9 0.7 0.9 0.3-1.8 0-2.5 0.3-1.7 Gadus morhua 0 0 0.05 0-0.2 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 5.6 6.2 7.2 1.8-14.4 2.5-13.8 2.7-17.4 Prionotus spp. 0.5 0.6 1.5 0-1.2 0-2.3 0.3-4.1 Labridae-Limanda 45.1 10.9 24.8 12.0-162.5 3.1-33.9 5.6-100.9 Labridae 6.9 1.9 4.1 2.3-18.0 0-8.5 0.7-14.7 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 10.6 19.4 13.8 Scophthalmus 4.5-23.8 11.4-32.6 4.5-38.9 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 82.8 105.0 126.0 23-289 57.4-191.4 36.7-426.9

September EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 39.1 0 0 0 1.7 0.05 0 0.4 2.8-429 0-7.6 0-0.2 0-1.1 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.04 0.04 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.1 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0.3 8.9 6.3 5.9 1.5 1.2 1.4 2.1 0.4 Peprilus 0.1-0.7 2.9-24 1.5-21 1.4-19 0.7-2.6 0.5-2.3 0.6-2.5 0.6-4.9 0.1-0.7 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.04 1.6 3.4 4.2 2.4 1.9 1.4 1.4 2.3 0-0.1 0.4-3.8 0.9-9.4 0.8-14 0.6-6.2 1-31 0.5-2.8 0.5-2.8 1.5-3.3 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.7 5.8 3.9 11.5 5.8 3.5 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.4-1.2 2.5-12 1.5-8.4 3.8-31 3-11 1.8-6.5 0.8-2.6 0.2-2.1 0.3-2.2 Prionotus spp. 0 1.5 0.2 2.1 0.4 0 0 0.3 0 0.6-2.8 0-0.5 0.4-5.6 0.1-0.7 0-0.8 Labridae-Limanda 0 1.8 0.8 1.04 0.4 0.09 1.0 1.4 0.5 0.04-6.5 0-2.2 0.3-2.3 0-1 0-0.3 0.3-2 0.2-3.5 0.1-1 Labridae 0.04 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.04 0.4 0.5 0.4 0-0.2 0.1-2 0-0.7 0.1-1.3 0-0.4 0-0.1 0.1-0.7 0.02-1.1 0-1 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 4.6 80.4 16.1 27.5 4.4 0.9 12.3 11.1 41.0 Scophthalmus 2.9-7.1 57-112 9-28 19-39 2.4-7.7 0.4-1.6 7.6-20 3.1-35 22-74 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0-0.4 Total 7.3 469.2 40.7 85.8 17.2 20.3 21.2 19.4 47.3 4.5-12 199-1107 20-82 56-132 10-29 10-41 14-32 6.8-52 27-84

September (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.5 0.3 0 95.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 1.4 0.5 0-5.7 0-1.4 17-513 0-0.8 0-1.8 0-0.5 0.03-4.8 0-1.5 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0.05 0 0.08 0 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0.2 1.9 0.4 6.5 0 2.5 0.7 1.7 2.6 Peprilus 0-0.6 0.6-4.3 0.02-0.9 1.5-21 0.8-6.1 0-2 0.4-4.2 1.1-5.2 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.4 1.4 1.7 3.1 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.9 1.7 0-1.1 0.3-3.4 0.9-2.7 1.1-7 0-3.7 0.3-1.8 0-0.7 0.1-2.3 0.8-3.2 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.9 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.4 0.7 1.9 4.1 0.3 0.8 0.9 1.1 2.0 0-1 0.1-1.9 0.9-3.4 1.2-11 0-0.8 0.04-2 0.2-2 0.1-2.9 0.5-5 Prionotus spp. 0 0.05 0.1 1.2 0 0 0 0.3 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 0.2-3.2 0-1.2 Labridae-Limanda 0.05 0.2 1.0 3.1 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.6 0-0.2 0-0.5 0.3-2 0.9-7.9 0-1.4 0-0.6 0.02-1.2 0.3-3.7 0-1.9 Labridae 0 0.09 0.3 2.0 0.09 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.3 0-0.2 0-0.6 0.4-5.4 0-0.3 0-2.3 0-0.9 0.2-2.9 0-0.8 Scomber scombrus 0.1 0 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.1 Paralichthys- 3.1 5.0 13.3 19.9 7.6 6.4 2.6 21.3 16.7 Scophthalmus 1.2-6.7 2.2-10 7.7-22 6.5-57 3.2-17 3.1-13 0.4-8 11-40 7.2-37 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0-0.8 Total 7.7 10.2 23.6 201.8 10.9 17.5 5.4 41.6 26.6 2.6-20 3.9-25 16-34 41-978 4.3-26 8.5-35 1.4-16 23-76 11-63

September (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.6 0.04 0.2 0.2 0.05 0 0.5 0.04 0.06 0.03-1.5 0-0.2 0-0.7 0-0.6 0-0.2 0-1.7 0-0.1 0-0.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.4 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 1.25 0.1 0.4 1.2 1.2 1.0 4.8 1.6 15.0 Peprilus 0.1-3.8 0-0.3 0-1.3 0.2-3 0.3-2.6 0.1-2.5 1.3-13.2 0.6-4.0 6.4-33.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.5 0.04 0 0.05 0.6 0 0.2 0.04 0.2 0-1.6 0-0.2 0-0.2 0.2-1.3 0-0.5 0-0.1 0-0.6 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.4 0 0.5 0.2 2.8 0.1-2.4 0.1-1.5 0-0.2 0-0.8 0-1.2 0-1.9 0-0.8 0.4-8.8 Prionotus spp. 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0.2 0-0.8 0-0.2 0-0.7 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0.5 0.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 0.9 3.8 0-1.2 0-0.4 0.9-4.5 0.4-6.7 0.6-5.7 0-2.9 1.3-9.0 Labridae 0 0.05 0.04 0 0.05 0 0.2 0.1 0 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0.2 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0-0.6 0-0.5 Paralichthys- 7.9 3.1 42.7 0.8 12 19.5 24.5 5.5 47.1 Scophthalmus 5.3-11 1.2-6.5 25-72 0.1-1.7 4.8-28 8.7-42 7.6-74.7 1.9-13.8 26.2-83.9 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 14.9 46.5 3.9 17.8 27.9 38.4 8.4 88.3 8.4-26 29-75 1.7-7.9 6.7-45 13-57 12-114 2.5-24.6 45.1-171.8

September (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0.1 0-0.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 4.3 1.8 3.1 Peprilus 1.5-9.9 .4-4.5 1.3-6.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.3 0.2 0.3 0-0.9 0-.5 0-0.6 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 1.1 0.9 0.4 0.2-2.7 .01-2.4 0-1.2 Prionotus spp. 0 0.1 0.04 0-.3 0-0.1 Labridae-Limanda 1.4 1.9 1.1 0.3-3.2 .3-5.3 0.3-2.6 Labridae 0.4 0.1 0.4 0-1.3 0-.3 0-1.0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 2.7 8.5 8.3 Scophthalmus 0.9-6.4 3.3-20.1 3.8-17.0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 14.0 16.6 19.7 4.9-37.0 6.6-40.0 8.4-44.4

October EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.2 0 0 34.5 0.2 0 0 0 0-0.5 5-202 0-0.8 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.1 0.08 0 1.5 0.7 0 0 0 0.3 0-0.6 0-0.3 0.3-3.8 0-2.2 0-0.9 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 1.5 0.2 0.7 0.2 2.9 0.08 0.2 0.1 0.2 Peprilus 0.1-4.6 0-0.5 0.2-1.5 0-0.7 0-18 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.4 6.8 0.1 1.3 1.9 1.1 0-3.3 0-0.8 0.3-2 0-1.1 2.9-15 0-0.6 0.2-3.7 0-8.6 0-3.6 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.09 0-0.4 0-0.4 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.4 0 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.09 0 0.1 0.1 0-1.4 0-1.5 0-0.4 0-2.4 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.5 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0-0.5 0-0.4 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 1.7 1.0 3.1 0.6 0.5 0 0.2 0.3 0.5 Scophthalmus 0-7.7 0-2.9 0.4-12 0-1.8 0-1.9 0-0.4 0-0.9 0.1-1.2 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 Total 4.1 1.7 6.3 4.4 52.0 0.5 2.2 2.4 2.7 0.3-19 0.4-4.3 2-17 2.6-7.1 11-232 0-1.5 0.8-4.8 0-13 1-6

October (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.9 0 0 0 0.7 0.5 0 1.2 1.0 0-3.2 0-2.9 0-1.7 0-4.3 0-4.8 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0.1 0 2.7 0 0 0.08 1.2 1.5 Peprilus 0-0.4 0-17 0-0.3 0-5.2 0.03-4.8 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.2 0.8 0.3 1.7 0 0.1 0 0.2 0.2 0-0.7 0.3-1.6 0-1.2 0-9.8 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-0.7 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0.2 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.7 0-0.4 0-0.5 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0.2 0 0.1 0.4 0 0 0 0.2 0.5 0-0.7 0-0.5 0-1 0-0.8 0-1.6 Labridae 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.9 0 2.7 0.4 Scophthalmus 0-0.5 0-0.6 0-0.5 0-3.2 0-0.6 0-2.7 0-15 0-1.2 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1.8 1.4 1.0 5.4 3.3 1.3 0.1 5.5 3.3 0.5-4.1 0.8-2 0-4.1 0.01-40 1.2-7.7 0-4.5 0-0.5 0.6-25 0.1-16

October (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0.5 0.4 0.5 0 0.2 0 0-2.9 0-1.3 0-3.5 0-0.7 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.7 Peprilus 0-2 0-0.6 0-0.7 0-1.5 0-0.9 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-2.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.6 0-0.8 0-0.5 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0.1 0 0.1 0.06 0 0 0 0.2 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-0.7 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0.2 0 0.4 0.1 0 0.1 0 0-0.7 0-1.1 0-0.4 0-0.6 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0.5 1.1 1.3 0.1 2.05 1.2 0.05 0.5 0.7 Scophthalmus 0-2 0-6.7 0-7.9 0-0.4 0-9.1 0-5 0-0.2 0-1.4 0-3.0 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0.9 3.0 1.4 3.2 1.9 0.3 1.2 1.7 0-3.2 0.1-13 0-5.5 0.2-14 0-9.9 0-0.7 0.1-3.4 0-6.0

October (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0.1 0-0.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0.7 0.7 0.2 Peprilus 0-2.1 0-2.1 0-0.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0.1 0 0-.4 Gadus morhua 0 0 0 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.3 0.1 0 0-1.3 0-.3 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0.1 0-0.4 Labridae 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0.2 0.6 0.9 Scophthalmus 0-0.7 0-1.5 0-3.4 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 1.1 1.4 1.3 0-4.3 .04-4.4 0-5.4

November EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 6.0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.7 0 2.0 1.8-20 0-0.6 0.04-1.8 1.4-2.7 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 0 0 Peprilus 0-0.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0-0.6 Gadus morhua 1.2 0.3 2.6 2.1 3.3 0.5 0.2 0 0.4 0.5-2.9 0-1.5 1.4-4.4 0.2-6.8 1.5-6.5 0-1.5 0-0.7 0-1.1 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.4 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 7.3 0.3 2.6 2.1 4.5 0.6 1.3 0 2.4 2.8-19 0-1.5 1.4-4.4 0.2-6.8 2.1-8.6 0-2 0.3-3.1 1.3-4.1

November (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0-2.6 0-0.2 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0-0.9 0-0.4 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus 0-0.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0.2 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0 0-0.7 0-0.3 Gadus morhua 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 1.6 0.6 0.2 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.4 0-1.9 0-0.9 0-7 0-2.7 0-0.5 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0-1 0-0.6 0-0.7 0-0.5 0-0.4 0-0.4 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.07 0-0.4 0-0.2 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0.3 0 0 Scophthalmus 0-0.3 0-1.1 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-1.5 Total 1.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 1.3 0.2 1.9 0.9 0.6 0.1-3.1 0-1.3 0-2.6 0-0.8 0.4-2.7 0-0.9 0-8.6 0-3.4 0.1-1.5

November (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0-0.4 0-0.6 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.1 2.8 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0-0.5 0-1.3 0-0.6 0-3.7 0.7-7.8 0-0.9 0-0.5 0-0.6 0-0.6 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.9 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0.1 0 0 0.08 0.2 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 0-0.3 0-0.8 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.2 3.0 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.2 0-0.9 0-1.3 0.03-0.9 0-4.5 0.7-8.5 0-0.9 0-0.5 0-1.1 0-0.6

November (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0.1 Peprilus 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0.4 0.1 0.2 0-1.2 0-0.4 0-0.9 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 0.4 0.1 0.3 0-1.2 0-0.4 0-1.1

December EGGS 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 2.4 1.1 1.3 0.7 1.2 1.2 2.5 0.1 1.1 1.7-3.1 0.3-2.4 0.1-3.9 0.1-1.9 0.6-2.2 0.3-2.7 0-14 0-0.4 0-3.8 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 - - - 0.3 0 0 0-0.8 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 2.4 1.2 1.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 2.7 0.2 1.1 1.7-3.2 0.4-2.5 0.5-3.9 0.1-1.9 0.6-2.2 0.3-3.6 0-16 0-0.7 0-3.8

December (continued)

EGGS 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0.4 0-0.2 0-1.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0 0.4 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.08 0.2 0 0.2 0-1.2 0-3 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-0.3 0-0.8 0-0.6 Pollachius virens 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.6 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0-0.4 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.6 0-0.5 0-2.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0-0.3 Total 0.08 0.4 1.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 1.3 0-0.3 0-1.2 0-3.6 0-0.4 0.1-1 0-0.7 0-0.9 0-0.4 0.2-3.5

December (continued)

EGGS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0 0 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.04 0 0-1.7 0-0.4 0-0.2 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 1.1 1.8 1.8 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0-4 0-22 0-9.3 0.1-4.9 0-2.3 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-1.0 0-4.7 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scophthalmus Hippogloissoides 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0 platessoides 0-0.3 Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 1.1 1.8 2.8 1.6 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0-4 0-22 0.1-12 0.1-5.1 0-2.3 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-1.1 0-4.7

December (continued)

EGGS 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Gadidae-Glyptocephalus 0.24 0 0 0-0.8 Enchelyopus-Urophycis- 0 0 0 Peprilus Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Gadus morhua 0.2 0.7 1.7 0-0.6 0-2.1 0-6.5 Pollachius virens 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 Labridae-Limanda 0 0 0 Labridae 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Paralichthys- 0 0 0.1 Scophthalmus 0-0.4 Hippogloissoides 0 0 0 platessoides Limanda ferruginea 0 0 0 Total 0.4 0.7 1.7 0-1.2 0-2.1 0-6.7

January LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.1 0.08 0.9 0 0 0.08 0.7 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.3 0.1-2.1 0-0.3 0-2.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0.08 0 0 0.1 0 0.09 0.09 0 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.4 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0.2 2.3 0.2 1.2 0.4 0.1 0.2 0 0-0.5 0.3-7.5 0-0.6 0.5-2.3 0-1.4 0-0.6 0-0.6 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0.1 0 0.05 0 0.09 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0.05 0.08 1.9 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.3 0.5-4.3 0-0.8 0-0.4 0-2.6 0.02-1 0-1.1 0-0.4 Ammodytes sp. 1.0 0.5 0.7 0 13.4 0.9 0 0 0 0-3.6 0-1.3 0.2-1.4 1.9-70 0-2.9 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 1.1 1.0 7.5 0.6 15.5 2.3 1.3 0.8 0.2 0-4.1 0.3-2.1 4.2-13 0-1.9 2.6-75 0.1-9.4 0.1-4 0.1-2 0-0.7

January (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0 0.09 0.4 0.07 0.2 0-0.6 0-1.3 0-0.4 0-0.8 0-0.4 0-1.1 0-0.3 0-0.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.4 0.2 0-0.7 0-1.3 0-0.7 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.9 0 0-0.6 0-0.4 0-0.4 0.1-2.3 M. scorpius 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.6 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.8 L. coheni 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0.1 1.6 0.1 0.5 0.2 1.6 0.07 1.0 0.5 0-0.6 0.3-4.4 0-0.4 0-2.2 0-0.7 0.1-5.2 0-0.3 0.1-2.6 0-1.7 Ammodytes sp. 0.09 0.07 0 3.3 1.9 1.3 2.5 1.2 0.1 0-0.3 0-0.3 0.5-12 0.5-4.7 0-4.2 0-40 0.1-3.4 0-0.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 0.6 2.8 0.5 4.2 2.2 3.8 3.0 3.4 1.3 0.2-1.1 0.9-6.4 0-1.3 0.5-17 0.7-5.2 1.3-9.2 0-44 0.7-10 0.3-2.9

January (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0 0-1.4 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-1.5 0-0.5 0-1.3 0-0.4 0-1.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0.3 0.1 0 0.1 0 0.5 0-0.7 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-1.4 M. octodecemspinosus 2.8 1.4 0 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.5-8.6 0.4-3.2 0.2-0.8 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.9 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Pholis gunnellus 4.9 2.7 1.7 34 0.2 0.08 0.5 0.7 1.1 1-17 0-13 0.2-5.3 13-86 0-0.8 0-0.3 0-1.5 0-1.9 0.1-2.9 Ammodytes sp. 0.8 0 0.8 1.0 0 0.7 0.3 1.1 0.2 0-2.6 0-2.6 0-5.5 0-2.1 0-1.6 0-6.0 0-0.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 11.0 4.8 3.7 38.2 1.4 1.4 1.2 2.3 1.4 4.5-26 1-16 1.4-8.4 15-96 0.4-3 0.1-4.3 0-3.9 0-10.7 0.1-4.1

January (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0 0.05 0-0.8 0-0.2 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0.1 0 0 0-0.5 M. octodecemspinosus 0.2 0.4 0.1 0-0.7 0-1.5 0-0.3 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0.8 0.2 0.4 0-3.5 0-0.6 0-1.2 Ammodytes sp. 1.7 0.1 0.04 0-9.0 0-0.4 0-.1 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 2.9 0.7 0.5 0-14.2 0-2.2 0-1.5

February LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0 0 0.2 0.08 0.4 0.4 0.1 0 0 0-0.8 0-0.3 0.1-0.7 0-1.1 0-0.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0.1 0.08 1.4 0.4 3.7 0.6 8.4 3.2 0.3 0-0.4 0-0.3 0.4-3.2 0.1-0.9 0.7-12 0-2 6.5-11 0-18 0-0.9 M. octodecemspinosus 1.0 0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.4 0 0-3.6 0-0.6 0.2-0.8 0.1-1.7 0-1.1 0-0.7 0-1.2 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 2.5 0 2.3 12.7 1.1 0.3-8.6 0.3-7.5 1.3-82 0.04-3.4 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0.3 0 0.4 0 0 0.1 1.0 0-0.8 0.1-0.9 0-0.4 0.2-2.4 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Pholis gunnellus 1.3 0.4 3.1 6.7 10.6 4.7 4.6 4.0 8.4 0-4.8 0-1.3 0.9-7.8 2.9-14 2-44 2.3-8.7 3.7-5.7 0.3-19 3.2-20 Ammodytes sp. 8.9 1.4 0.3 0.6 9.7 0.08 0 0.4 0 4.4-17 0-6.1 0-1 0.2-1.2 1.5-45 0-0.3 0-1 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 11.6 2.1 6.3 8.9 21.6 7.6 18.3 19.4 10.9 4.5-28 0.2-7.2 3.1-12 4.1-18 3-126 4.9-12 17-20 2.3-124 4.4-25

February (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0 0.1 0.4 0.7 0.2 0 0.09 0.4 0 0-0.4 0-1.6 0-3.3 0-0.5 0-0.4 0-1.8 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0.1 8.6 0.1 2.2 0.6 4.4 0.3 7.4 7.5 0-0.5 6-12 0-0.4 0-11 0-1.8 0.9-15 0-1.4 0.2-60 0-81 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.09 0.3 0.7 0.3 0-0.6 0-0.4 0-0.8 0-1.6 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-2.5 0-1.2 M. scorpius 0 12.2 1.9 0.9 0.3 1.8 2.5 8.5 0.5 2.8-46 0.4-5.1 0-3.1 0-0.8 0.2-6 0-15 2.6-24 0-1.7 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0.07 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 1.1 45.7 1.8 2.0 1.5 6.4 3.7 4.8 6.8 0-4.2 38-55 0.5-4.4 0-7.9 0.01-5.3 0.9-28 0.5-13 0-36 0.8-33 Ammodytes sp. 0.5 0.6 4.5 5.9 18.9 29.6 2.7 7.1 0.8 0-2.4 0.2-1.2 0-30 0.2-39 12-29 5.9-134 0.1-12 0.6-41 0-3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 1.5 74.5 11.1 8.5 22.9 48.3 9.5 550.4 24.4 0-6.7 54-103 2.5-41 0.3-69 13-40 13-178 1.4-46 42-61 4.6-113

February (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0 0.2 2.9 0.05 0 0 0.2 0 0-0.6 0-1 1-6.5 0-0.2 0-0.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 1.2 3.2 3.3 16.8 0.5 0 1.9 6.4 3.2 0.1-3.1 0.1-16 0.4-12 5-52 0-1.6 0-9.8 1.2-24.0 0.6-9.7 M. octodecemspinosus 0.2 3.2 1.3 8.9 0.6 0 0.1 2.6 3.7 0-0.6 0-20 0-5.8 1.7-36 0-1.9 0-0.2 0.6-7.1 0.5-14.3 M. scorpius 0.7 2.2 0.8 1.2 0.3 0 0.3 4.0 0 0-2 0.1-8.7 0-2.9 0.2-3.1 0-1.1 0-1.5 0.5-15.3 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.3 0 0-0.4 0-1.0 L. coheni 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 1.5 15.2 19.4 59.1 2.5 0.3 2.9 4.2 2.6 0-5.7 3.6-57 4.5-75 29-118 0.3-8.7 0-1.1 0.2-11.1 0.9-13.5 0.2-9.8 Ammodytes sp. 0.9 11.8 5.0 43.7 1.0 0.4 2.6 3.7 0.9 0.1-2.2 0.5-111 0.8-19 16-115 0.1-2.7 0-1 0.6-7.0 0.5-13.5 0.02-2.4 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 4.2 41.9 40.0 179.7 4.1 1.0 7.8 13.2 28.9 0.6-15 7.6-213 15-107 98-326 0.5-17 0.3-2.1 1.2-34 0.9-103.3 9.5-84.5

February (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0 0 0-0.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 1.6 1.4 0.3 0.2-4.7 0-5.1 0-0.9 M. octodecemspinosus 1.5 1.1 0.2 0.2-4.1 0.2-2.6 0-0.7 M. scorpius 0.4 1.2 0.5 0-1.3 0-5.3 0-1.5 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 2.0 2.0 2.8 0.1-7.1 0-8.2 0.4-9.7 Ammodytes sp. 1.6 5.5 1.4 0-5.7 0.6-24.7 0.3-3.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 5.5 9.8 4.1 0.8-22.7 1.2-51.0 0.6-15.6

March LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 1.7 0.2 2.6 0.3 0.8 0.1 0 0.5 0.2 0.7-3.3 0-0.6 0.9-5.8 0.01-0.7 0.3-1.7 0-0.3 0-1.5 0.03-0.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 18.9 17.1 4.6 8.4 14.2 34.0 2.7 59.8 18.6 8.6-40 7.6-37 2.1-9 3.3-19 6.7-29 18-64 1.1-55 32-11 7.7-43 M. octodecemspinosus 1.2 0.5 0.06 0 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 1.0 0.5-2.4 0-1.7 0-0.2 0.2-1 0.4-1.3 0-0.4 0-0.5 0.3-1.9 M. scorpius 0.1 0.8 0 2.0 1.0 3.5 0.1 7.1 6.5 0-0.3 0.1-1.9 0.4-5.6 0.3-1.9 2-6 0-0.4 3.5-14 1.9-18 L. atlanticus 0.03 0 0.6 0 0.04 0.2 0 0.08 0.04 0-0.1 0-1.8 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.2 0-0.1 L. coheni 0.4 0.08 0.3 0.03 0.4 0.3 0.06 0.3 0.4 0.1-0.7 0-0.3 0-0.7 0-0.1 0.1-0.8 0.03-0.6 0-0.2 0.04-0.7 0.04-0.9 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.04 0 0 0.03 0 0.2 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.9 0-0.5 Pholis gunnellus 10.4 14.8 3.7 16.3 24.5 30.3 2.4 57.6 32.3 3.5-28 7.6-28 1.4-8.4 4.5-53 8.3-69 14-66 0.9-52 25-129 12-83 Ammodytes sp. 30.0 59.0 3.3 0.7 4.1 5.1 0.06 1.3 3.0 20-45 12-283 0.9-8.8 0.3-1.3 1.1-11 2.3-10 0-0.2 0.4-2.8 1.7-4.8 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0.5 1.0 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.7 0 0 0 americanus 0.1-1.1 0-3.6 0-1.7 0-0.3 0-0.5 0.1-1.7 Total 84.8 124.9 14.6 30.2 55.7 86.7 6.4 137.6 70.6 58-125 48-322 5.6-36 9.8-89 26-118 47-159 3.3-12 71-266 29-168

March (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0 0.5 1.1 0.5 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.1-1.1 0.3-2.4 0.1-1 0.7-2.9 0.1-2.6 0.1-0.9 0-3.2 0.2-1.8 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 1.6 33.8 3.3 7.2 5.5 13.6 13.9 38.5 17.2 0.1-5.4 23-49 1.1-7.6 1.9-22 1.2-18 8.5-21 5-36 7.9-175 8.3-35 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0.7 0.2 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.08 0.1-1.5 0-0.4 0.1-3.1 0-0.5 0-0.9 0-2.3 0-0.2 M. scorpius 6.9 1.3 4.1 2.5 2.5 5.4 6.2 0.8 0.9 1.6-23 0.7-2.2 1.2-11 0.7-6.2 1.1-4.9 2.1-12 1.7-18 0-2.5 0.3-1.8 L. atlanticus 0 0.05 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.5 L. coheni 0.1 0.09 0 0.5 0.06 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-1.2 0-0.2 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Pholis gunnellus 2.8 14.3 5.9 2.0 71.1 8.2 16.1 51.5 6.7 0.7-7.5 8-26 1.6-17 0.4-5.3 40-126 2.6-23 6-41 11-228 3-14 Ammodytes sp. 0.8 3.4 21.4 4.7 61.3 26.2 45.0 42.6 8.5 0-2.8 1.6-6.3 8.3-53 1.4-12 17-217 11-63 16-126 12-151 3.5-19 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.3 americanus 0-0.2 0-2.2 0-0.7 Total 14.9 59.3 52.7 16.6 188.9 74.0 108.7 147 38.9 6.9-31 48-84 25-110 5.4-47 82-432 42-131 47-249 30-695 19-78

March (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 1.3 1.1 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.5 0.03 0.5-2.5 0.2-2.7 0.04-0.6 0.2-2.7 0-0.5 0-0.9 0.02-3.3 0-1.5 0-0.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 32.3 10.8 16.1 55.8 17.2 9.8 9.8 16.3 8.8 15-67 3.1-33 5-48 30-104 6.3-45 3.7-24 3.5-25 6.5-39.3 1.9-32.0 M. octodecemspinosus 0.8 0.8 0.2 2.3 1.6 0.3 0 0.5 1.3 0-2.4 0.1-2.1 0-0.6 0.2-8.3 0.4-4.1 0-0.9 0.1-1.1 0.1-3.7 M. scorpius 3.1 2.5 1.8 0.9 2.5 0.6 0.7 5.3 1.6 0.2-13 0.8-5.8 0.5-4.3 0-2.6 0.9-5.5 0.1-1.4 0.3-1.3 2.5-10.4 0.3-4.3 L. atlanticus 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 0 0 0.2 0.3 0 0-0.9 0-0.3 0-0.3 0-2.1 0-0.6 0-0.6 L. coheni 0.5 0.04 0 0.07 0.08 0 0 0 0 0-1.1 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0-0.1 Pholis gunnellus 9.9 24.1 14.3 9.4 7.6 6.1 6.4 5.4 3.6 3.3-27 7.1-77 5.1-37 2.9-27 1.9-25 2.3-14 2.8-13.5 2-12.7 1.1-9.5 Ammodytes sp. 18.9 24.7 2.4 55.9 7.9 9.8 36.4 34.3 2.7 5.6-59 8-72 0.6-6.2 19-163 3.4-17 3.5-25 8.4-148 12.2-93 0.9-6.4 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 americanus 0-1.2 Total 94.6 113.4 36.0 161.6 49.7 38.2 67.8 88.1 17.4 38-234 49-257 11-110 73-355 19-131 17-84 19-237 42.5-181.4 4.4-61.8

March (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.1-1.7 0.1-0.8 0.1-1.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 38.6 11.8 3.1 17.9-82.3 4.4-29.6 1.1-7.0 M. octodecemspinosus 1.5 0.2 0 0.5-3.3 0-0.5 M. scorpius 1.9 1.1 0.2 0.4-5.2 0.4-2.3 0-0.5 L. atlanticus 0.3 0 0 0-1.2 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 13.9 5.7 3.2 5.8-31.6 2.3-12.8 1.3-6.4 Ammodytes sp. 44.8 8.0 3.5 17.1-114.9 3.3-17.7 1.1-8.6 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0.04 americanus 0-0.1 Total 134.8 32.7 13.2 70-257 13.0-80.6 5.7-29.0

April LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0 0.8 1.1 0 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.4-1.4 0.2-2.4 0-0.3 0-0.7 0.1-1.6 0-0.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0.04 0 0 0 0.06 0 0-0.1 0-0.2 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 10.0 47.8 4.7 1.3 58.7 24.9 14.2 19.1 4.3-22 21-108 2.1-9.2 0.03-4.3 28-124 8-74 4.9-38 11-33 M. octodecemspinosus 0.3 0.1 0 0 0 0.3 0 0 0-0.6 0-0.3 0-0.8 M. scorpius 0.06 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0-0.2 0-0.4 0-03 0-0.5 0-0.7 0.1-0.8 L. atlanticus 0.6 0 5.1 0 3.1 4.5 4.1 1.9 0.1-1.3 1.5-13 1-7 1.7-10 0.4-18 0.2-6.4 L. coheni 0 0.7 0 0 0.3 0.1 0.07 0 0.3-1.2 0-0.7 0-0.4 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 25 2.5 0 05 0.05 27 2.7 0 20 2.0 13 1.3 05 0.5 03 0.3 0.5-6.9 0-0.2 1.2-5.3 0.4-5.4 0.4-3 0-1.5 0-0.7 Pholis gunnellus 1.6 21 1.2 1.4 9.9 4.8 2.7 4.1 0.4-3.9 9.4-45 0.1-3.6 0.1-4.4 2.5-33 1.9-11 1.2-5.4 1.1-12 Ammodytes sp. 24.8 28.6 9.7 0 12.6 3.8 2.8 2.0 14-42 15-54 4.3-21 5.6-27 0.2-18 0.2-11 0.7-4.2 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 1.3 2.6 2 0 2.5 5.2 1.2 1.2 americanus 0.4-2.8 1-5.6 0.6-4.5 1-5.3 1.8-13 0-3.9 0.1-3.7 Total 57.3 112.7 36.9 3.4 136.9 69.7 32.7 40.1 40-82 55-230 21-66 0.7-10 82-229 28-168 13-83 23-71 1

No sampling

April (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0.2 1.1 0.1 4.0 2.3 2.5 0.3 1.1 0-0.6 0-0.5 0.5-1.9 0-0.5 1.8-7.9 0.4-7.2 0.6-6.5 0-0.7 0.5-1.8 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.1 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-3.2 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 22.2 11.3 12.9 5.4 11.4 31.1 19.0 14.1 8.7 12-41 8.4-15 8.9-19 0.3-32 4.7-26 12-77 9-39 6.3-30 3.9-18 M. octodecemspinosus 0.2 0.06 0.1 0 1.0 0.3 0.2 0.06 0.1 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.4 0.5-1.8 0-1.2 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.5 M. scorpius 0.5 0.1 0.9 0 0.6 1.0 0.4 0 0.07 0.1-1.1 0-0.3 0.2-2 0.1-1.5 0.2-2.2 0-1 0-0.2 L. atlanticus 3.0 1.4 0.3 0 0.8 4.4 0.7 4.6 0.5 1.9-4.5 0.4-2.9 0-0.7 0-2.9 1.7-9.8 0-1.8 1.2-13 0.1-1.1 L. coheni 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0-0.1 T. adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 05 0.5 20 2.0 05 0.5 0 0 0 0 09 0.09 01 0.1 07 0.7 0-1.2 0.5-5 0-1.2 0-0.3 0-0.5 0.1-1.6 Pholis gunnellus 9.6 3.5 11.9 1.4 10.6 8.9 7.0 5.3 0.8 3.8-22 1.7-6.6 4.3-31 0.01-4.9 5.9-18 1-48 2.2-19 2.2-12 0.3-1.6 Ammodytes sp. 33.3 26.1 34.9 11.2 274.4 44.2 154.2 52.1 18.7 13-84 13-50 21-58 1-73 130-580 14-131 48-489 29-92 6.2-53 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0.8 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.9 2.2 0.2 8.2 1.8 americanus 0.1-1.7 0.3-1.9 0-0.3 0-0.8 0.2-2 0.1-8 0-0.5 2.9-21 0.5-4.5 Total 109.0 55.2 99.7 20.2 349.1 114.3 216.2 118.6 53.4 64-185 35-87 78-128 2.8-116 182-668 44-293 77-607 85-166 32-90

April (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia. tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 3.7 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.7 1.6 1.3 2.5 0.08 1.4-8 0.2-2.5 0.2-4.2 0-0.4 0-0.3 0.6-3.3 0-6.2 0.5-7.2 0-0.3 Enchelypus. cimbrius 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 13.1 18.4 8.1 9.9 8.4 12.5 5.1 3.6 1.2 7-24 7.8-42 2.4-23 4.4-21 2.5-24 5-30 0.6-22 1.6-7.1 0-7.3 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0.05 0.1 0 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-1 0-0.6 M. scorpius 0.06 0.1 0.1 0 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.1 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-1.4 0-1.2 0.01-1.2 0-1.1 0-0.3 L. atlanticus 3.7 0.9 1.4 10.5 0 0.4 0.2 1.5 0 1.2-9.1 0.2-2 0.2-3.8 4.8-22 0-1.1 0-0.4 0.8-2.6 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T. adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0.04 4.8 0 0.2 0 0.9 0 0-0.1 1.5-13 0-0.5 0.1-2.3 Pholis gunnellus 1.1 7.9 2.1 0.2 3.0 2.9 2.4 5 0.4 0.3-2.4 3.2-18 0.5-5.7 0-0.6 0.8-7.7 0.9-7.1 0.1-9.6 2-11.2 0-1.4 Ammodytes sp. 38.9 29.8 10.3 5.4 71.5 45.7 27.1 64.7 1.2 16-90 13-67 2-41 1.7-14 18-276 17-119 2.9-202 25.3-163.1 0-5.1 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 2.5 0.8 1.4 3.3 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 americanus 1-5.2 0.2-1.7 0.3-3.7 1-8.2 0-0.8 0-0.8 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.4 Total 79.4 69.9 36.5 74.5 103.0 78.6 45.1 98.2 2.6 41-155 34-140 12-106 47-118 40-266 35-177 5.5-327 47-204.2 0-15.6

April (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.04-1.7 0-4.4 0-0.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0.2 0-0.5 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 4.4 10.3 5.6 1.8-9.3 1.6-48.9 2.7-10.7 M. octodecemspinosus 0.2 0 0 0-0.5 M. scorpius 0.3 0 0 0-0.6 L. atlanticus 1.4 0.1 2.0 0.6-2.9 0-0.4 0.6-4.6 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 1.0 0 1.1 0.2-2.5 0.2-2.8 Pholis gunnellus 1.4 3.6 0.06 0.7-2.3 0.3-16.1 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 44.5 7.9 15.1 19.3-100.8 1.0-30.9 8.3-26.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0.5 0 1.1 americanus 0.05-1.2 0.04-3.2 Total 71.1 24.1 33.6 36.3-138.5 3.3-144.9 21.4-52.4

May LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0 0.1 0.03 0.05 0 0.06 0 0.06 0.2 0-0.3 0-0.1 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.7 0.03 0.2 0 1.3 1.8 0.2 1.7 0.6 0.2-1.5 0-0.08 0-0.5 0.4-2.9 0.3-5.3 0-0.5 0.2-5.3 0-1.9 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0.2 1.8 2.4 0.9 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.9 0 0-0.4 0.8-3.5 0.5-7.1 0.2-2.1 0.3-2 0.01-0.8 0-0.3 0.04-2.4 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 8.0 1.0 6.2 2.0 7.4 1.8 2.0 12.6 0 3.5-17 0.3-2.2 2.1-16 0.8-4 3.5-15 1-3 0.1-7 5.2-29 L. coheni 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Tautoga onitis 0 0.05 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.1 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.03 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0.05 0-0.1 0-0.4 0-0.2 Ulvaria subbifurcata f 9.3 1.9 11.1 0.6 7.0 4.4 0.3 1.7 12.3 6.4-13 0.7-3.7 5.3-22 0.1-1.2 3.3-14 2.4-7.5 0-0.8 0.5-4 6.5-23 Pholis gunnellus 0 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.08 0.06 0 0.7 0.4 0-0.3 0.01-0.3 0.2-1.2 0-0.2 0-0.2 0.2-1.4 0.03-1 Ammodytes sp. 1.4 9.1 3.9 5.7 0.4 0.7 0.04 0.9 2.7 0.6-2.6 4-20 1.6-8.6 1.7-15 0.1-0.8 0.1-1.7 0-0.2 0-2.7 1.1-5.7 Scomber scombrus 0.4 0.07 0 0 0.2 0.1 0.05 0 0.3 0-1.2 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 0-0.2 0-0.7 Pseudopleuronectes 12.6 8.0 10.0 4.8 7.6 6.5 1.6 9.4 5.1 americanus 3.9-37 2.9-20 4.7-20 1.8-11 4.1-14 4.4-9.4 0.1-5.2 3.2-25 2.8-8.8 Total 45.9 39.7 37.7 20.5 45.2 22.4 3.3 38.0 49.5 26-82 25-62 18-76 9.5-43 33-63 18-28 0.5-11 19-75 38-64

May (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0-0.2 Clupea harengus 1.7 0.2 1.5 0 0.8 0 0.4 0 0.1 0.6-3.6 0-0.5 0.4-3.5 0.2-1.8 0-1.3 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 1.8 0 0.2 0.05 2.4 1.4 5.0 4.7 0.8-3.3 0-0.6 0-0.2 0.2-8.3 0.2-3.8 1.4-14 1.9-10 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0-0.6 M. aenaeus 1.9 0 0.7 0.5 5.6 0.9 2.1 2.2 0.3 0.5-4.4 0-2 0.1-1.1 1.8-15 0-4.3 0.5-5.3 1.1-3.9 0-0.8 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0.1 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.2 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 4.9 4.7 1.5 3.7 8.4 9.0 1.3 8.1 1.0 2.5-8.8 3.3-6.7 0.4-3.6 1.2-9.1 3.6-18 3.4-22 0.4-2.9 2.5-22 0.3-2 L. coheni 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.6 Tautoga onitis 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0-0.1 0-0.2 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0.1 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0.2 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-0.6 Ulvaria subbifurcata 17 1 17.1 93 9.3 13 5 13.5 11 3 11.3 64 6.4 29 5 29.5 19 5 19.5 10 4 10.4 13 0 13.0 8.8-33 3.7-22 6.2-28 2.4-44 3-13 9.3-90 10-37 5.6-19 3.6-42 Pholis gunnellus 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.08 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0.1-0.8 0-0.3 0-1.2 0-0.3 0.1-1.7 0-0.5 0-0.7 0-0.6 Ammodytes sp. 14.2 0.6 17.5 10.9 53.3 2.3 18.7 15.6 2.8 7.1-27 0.1-1.2 3.7-72 4.6-24 23-124 0.1-8.6 6.1-54 6.3-37 0.5-8.5 Scomber scombrus 0.04 1.2 0 0.4 0 0.3 1.3 0.7 2.8 0-0.1 0-4.7 0.01-0.9 0-1.1 0-4.7 0-2.3 1-5 Pseudopleuronectes 5.6 10.3 3.5 9.6 16.8 17.3 7.3 45.3 27.9 americanus 2.2-13 4.3-23 0.6-12 5.7-16 7.6-36 11-27 3.1-16 20.2-100 9.4-79 Total 68.9 50.8 72.4 54.5 136.7 94.0 97.6 127.7 111.0 51-92 37-70 32-163 30-99 86-216 53-166 70-136 80-203 51-240

May (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0-1.7 Clupea harengus 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0.3 0.2 1.0 0 0.0 0-1.1 0-0.8 0-1.8 0-1.2 0-0.5 0.2-2.4 0-0.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.3 0.06 8.5 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.8 0-1.1 0-0.2 2-29 0-8 0.04-1.5 0-1.5 0-0.9 0-0.2 0.1-1.8 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0-0.1 M. aenaeus 0.5 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.8 0-1.5 0-1.6 0-1.6 0-0.5 0-1.2 0.3-3 0-0.5 0-0.2 0.2-1.6 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 1.1 0.4 4.0 3.5 0.5 4.1 0.7 1.8 1.2 0.2-2.8 0-1.2 1-12 1.3-8 0-1.3 1.8-8.2 0.1-1.9 0.7-3.8 0.4-2.6 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0.3 0 0 0.05 0 0 0.06 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-0.2 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.1 0-1.5 0-0.1 0-0.4 Ulvaria subbifurcata 1.0 5.3 16.2 14.6 11.1 14.9 1.3 2.4 1.9 0-3.9 1-19 9-29 5.1-39 6.3-19 5.8-36 0.3-3.0 0.9-5.0 0.8-3.6 Pholis gunnellus 0.07 0.05 0.2 0 0 0.03 0.1 0.05 0.15 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.5 0-0.1 0-0.3 0-0.2 0-0.4 Ammodytes sp. 1.3 5.0 2.1 0.8 6.4 3.2 1.4 1.1 0.6 0-6.4 1-17 0-13 0.1-2.1 1.9-18 1.6-6 0.1-4.0 0.3-2.3 0.1-1.4 Scomber scombrus 0 0 3.3 0.5 0.1 0.09 0.05 0.2 0.1 0.6-11 0.02-1.2 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.8 0-0.3 Pseudopleuronectes 1.2 1.2 71.0 13.2 3.2 11.3 5.7 5.1 3.9 americanus 0-4.2 0.2-3.5 25-197 5.3-31 1.1-7.6 2.5-43 1.5-17 2-11.3 1.3-9.5 Total 7.4 53.2 164.4 50.9 29.2 70.3 16.6 16.2 12.4 1.7-25 32-89 81-334 25-101 18-47 33-147 6.1-43 8.1-31.2 4.3-34.0

May (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.08 0.1 0 0-0.2 0-0.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.6 0.4 0.5 0-1.7 0-1.5 0-1.3 Urophycis spp. 0 0.2 0 0-0.6 M. aenaeus 0 0.3 0.1 0-0.8 0-0.2 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 1.9 1.6 1.0 0.5-4.5 0.1-5.0 0.1-2.5 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0.1 0-0.2 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0.2 0 0-0.6 Ulvaria subbifurcata 11.7 20.2 5.3 4.4-29.0 4.2-85.9 2.2-11.2 Pholis gunnellus 0.04 0 0 0-0.1 Ammodytes sp. 2.4 2.4 0.7 0.05-8.4 0.3-5.1 0.1-1.4 Scomber scombrus 0.4 0.1 0 0-1.2 0-0.3 Pseudopleuronectes 4.8 6.6 5.8 americanus 0.9-16.9 0.5-38.6 1.7-16.3 Total 42.7 36.8 19.0 18.6-96.1 6.0-203.2 7.9-43.8

June LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 18.1 0.2 0.2 0 4.7 2.6 1.0 0.3 3.0 8.6-37 0-0.5 0-0.5 1-15 0.5-7.7 0-3.3 0-0.6 0.8-7.9 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Enchelyopus cimbrius 19.6 0.5 7.1 0.1 15.9 12.6 1.5 1.0 16.3 12-33 0.1-1.1 3-16 0-0.3 6.5-37 6.3-24 0-6 0.4-19 7.3-35 Urophycis spp. 0.4 0 0.4 0 0 0.6 0 0 0.2 0.1-0.8 0.03-0.8 0-1.7 0-0.6 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0.7 0.3 0.5 2.1 1.4 1.5 0.4 3.9 0.7 0.3-1.4 0-0.7 0.03-1.2 0.5-5.5 0.8-2.2 0.4-3.3 0-1.6 1.9-7.3 0.1-1.8 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 3.5 1.0 0.4 0 1.7 0.7 0.9 0.3 6.0 1.7-6.6 0.1-2.6 0.1-0.8 0.3-4.6 0.2-1.6 0-2.9 0.04-0.5 2.5-13 Tautogolabrus adspersus 34.4 3.3 3.2 0 8.4 12.8 0.4 0.6 35.8 15-79 1.2-7.3 0.6-9.8 1.2-38 3.4-43 0-1.2 0.1-1.3 15-85 Ulvaria subbifurcata U f 0.5 0.99 0.6 0.6 2.3 1.99 0.1 0.5 2.1 0.2-1 0.3-1.8 0.2-1.2 0.1-1.4 1-4.7 1-3.3 0-0.4 0-1.5 0.7-4.7 Pholis gunnellus 0.03 0 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 0.02 0 0.06 0.06 0 0 0 0 0.09 0-0.06 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 15.6 4.8 20.6 0.06 13.2 15.3 0.3 1.7 37.8 6.1-38 1.6-12 7.6-53 0-0.2 2.5-56 1.9-90 0-0.7 0.5-4.2 8.4-160 Pseudopleuronectes 1.0 2.3 0.3 1.9 1.7 0.7 0.2 0.3 0.4 americanus 0.5-1.8 1-4.4 0-0.6 0.4-5.1 0.8-3 0.1-1.7 0-0.6 0-0.8 0-1 Total 181.6 16.9 47.1 5.9 69.2 87.3 4.1 14.5 204.9 98-336 6.8-40 20-110 2.2-14 21-219 34-220 0.6-16 9-23 121-346

June (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.6 0.4 0.5 0 0.5 6.3 0.9 3.4 1.6 0.1-1.4 0-1.5 0.03-1.2 0-1.5 1.9-18 0.2-2.1 1.2-7.9 0.3-4.3 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 8.1 1.3 8.9 10.0 3.6 9.9 10.7 11.9 10.5 2-26 0.1-3.9 2.7-26 7.2-14 1.7-6.6 2.2-36 3-33 4.5-29 4.1-25 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0.2 0.7 1.8 0-0.3 0-0.4 0.2-1.5 0.3-4.7 M. aenaeus 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.3 0.3 M. octodecemspinosus. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 2.3 2.4 0.4 1.6 2.6 1.3 2.0 0.8 0.08 0.9-4.8 0-13 0.1-0.8 0.1-5.2 1.1-5.2 0.1-3.5 0.3-6.3 0.2-1.8 0-0.2 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.3 1.0 2.1 0.6 0 1.5 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.2-3.3 0-3.8 0.8-4.4 0.03-1.4 0-5 0.1-1.9 0.3-1.9 0.4-2.2 Tautogolabrus adspersus 2.0 4.9 1.1 0.3 0.2 0 1.9 9.9 13.8 0.2-6.7 0-44 0.4-22 0.1-0.7 0-0.6 0.4-5 3.9-23 2.8-57 U f Ulvaria subbifurcata 2.77 1.2 1.2 3.4 6.3 0.77 99.77 2.2 3.99 1.3-4.8 0.1-3.3 0.5-2.2 1.9-5.7 2.6-14 0-2 3.2-26 0.4-6.7 1-11 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.07 0 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 0.4 0 0 1.1 0.4 0 0.06 0.2 0.1 0.1-0.9 0.1-3.1 0-0.9 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.4 Scomber scombrus 2.4 19.0 7.0 5.5 1.2 30.5 13.8 16.1 8.1 0.5-6.4 0-626 2.9-15 2.1-13 0.2-3.3 3.4-223 4.1-42 5-48 1.9-27 Pseudopleuronectes 0.08 1.1 0.4 3.7 2.3 0.8 6.5 4.9 11.6 americanus 0-0.3 0-4.1 0.1-0.9 1.5-7.8 0.6-5.5 0.1-1.8 1.6-21 1.2-15 3.6-33 Total 36.8 31.8 23.8 45.2 33.8 59.7 89.4 98.1 150.4 17-79 0.5-732 8-70 31-66 25-45 8.2-399 33-238 53-180 62-363

June (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.8 2.0 6.3 0.1-2.7 0-0.8 0-0.2 0-1.1 0-0.2 0-0.3 0.1-1.8 0.1-7.4 2.1-16.2 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0.03 0.07 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.9 0.5 3.6 2.5 0.7 15.7 3.7 3.8 3.2 0.3-5.4 0-1.4 1.9-6.2 0.7-6.3 0.1-1.8 5.7-40 1.2-9.0 1.1-10.2 1.1-7.4 Urophycis spp. 0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0 0.2 0.1 0-2.1 0.1-0.8 0-0.9 0-0.9 0-1.3 0-0.7 0-0.3 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 L. atlanticus 0.1 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 0-0.4 0.03-0.7 0-0.5 0-0.3 0.04-1.1 0-0.9 0-0.4 0-0.6 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.4 0.4 1.6 0.6 0 1.9 1.9 1.0 0.5 0.3-3.4 0-1.1 0.1-5.1 0.02-1.4 0.7-4 0.6-4.4 0-2.9 0-1.2 Tautogolabrus adspersus 6.3 3.4 6.3 1.8 0.4 7.0 4.3 5.2 5.4 0.6-33 0.6-11 1.3-22 0.6-3.8 0-1.3 2.1-20 0.7-16 1.2-16.4 1.6-14.5 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.7 1.4 3.1 1.6 3.6 3.5 2.0 0.4 1.4 0-2.4 0.1-4.4 1.1-7.2 0.2-5 0.8-11 0.8-10 0.3-5.8 0-1.3 0-6.1 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0.1 0 0.6 0 0.3 0 0 0-0.3 0-1.8 0-0.8 Scomber scombrus 0.3 4.3 1.7 1.4 0.9 7.6 2.5 4.3 3.3 0-0.8 0.4-18 0.2-4.8 0.2-3.8 0.1-2.5 2-24 0.7-6 1.0-13.1 0.7-10.2 Pseudopleuronectes 0.8 4.3 3.2 2.2 3.0 6.0 10.3 0.8 1.6 americanus 0-2.3 0.4-18 1.4-6.4 0.3-7 1.1-6.7 2.3-14 2.3-37 0.1-1.8 0.3-4.3 Total 15.6 29.9 47.7 24.2 17.0 107.8 75.4 25.2 46.1 3.2-64 12-71 28-79 13-46 18-35 52-221 43-132 7.4-81.0 23.3-90.5

June (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.4 0.04 0.9 0-1.0 0-0.1 0.3-1.9 Clupea harengus 0 0.04 0 0-0.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.3 2.7 2.0 0.5-6.3 0.7-7.1 0.7-4.1 Urophycis spp. 0.4 0.1 0.2 0-1.5 0-0.3 0-0.4 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0.2 0.1 0-0.4 0-0.3 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.4 0.04 0.6 0-1.4 0-0.1 0.01-1.5 Tautogolabrus adspersus 1.7 0.4 1.8 0-6.4 0-1.2 0.2-5.5 Ulvaria subbifurcata 2.2 2.7 2.3 0.1-6.0 0.4-8.8 0.9-4.6 Pholis gunnellus 0 0.05 0 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 0.3 0.04 0 0-0.7 0-0.1 Scomber scombrus 0.2 0.7 0.6 0-0.5 0-1.9 0.1-1.4 Pseudopleuronectes 3.3 2.3 1.5 americanus 1.1-7.9 0.4-7.0 0.7-2.8 Total 21.0 14.1 21.8 7.3-56.9 4.3-42.4 12.4-37.8

July LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 3.8 0 0.8 0 0.3 0.1 0.09 1.2 1.4 0.8-12 0.3-1.5 0.04-0.7 0-0.3 0-0.3 0.1-3.2 0.4-3 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 6.3 1.0 3.4 0.6 1.6 0.09 0 1.1 0.6 2.8-13 0.5-1.8 1.1-8.5 0.2-1.2 0.5-3.5 0-0.2 0.2-2.5 0-1.6 Urophycis spp. 2.1 0 2.3 0 0.04 0 0 0.06 0 0.4-6 0.7-5.3 0-0.1 0-0.2 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 3.4 0.3 1.5 0 0.5 0.4 0 1.2 1.6 1.6-6.3 0.01-0.6 0.4-3.3 0.1-1 0.1-0.9 0.3-2.9 0.4-3.9 Tautogolabrus adspersus 83.5 0.9 21.2 0.05 4.4 0.4 0 5.1 6.4 18-384 0.3-1.7 9.8-45 0-0.2 2-8.5 0.05-0.8 2.6-9.6 3.6-11 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.1 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.3 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 2.1 0 0.6 0.05 0.7 0.3 0 0 0.08 0.2-7.3 0.09-1.4 0-0.2 0.2-1.5 0-0.7 0-0.3 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0.05 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus 0-0.2 0-0.2 Total 126 3.4 39.5 1.1 10.4 1.4 0.2 11.7 18.7 33-475 2.4-4.7 20-78 0.6-1.8 5.6-19 0.6-2.7 0-0.6 6.4-21 14-24

July (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.9 0 0.5 0.04 0.3 1.0 1.4 11.1 28.1 0.8-3.6 0.2-0.9 0-0.2 0.01-0.6 0.4-1.8 0.4-3.1 3.5-32 10-75 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0.3 0.6 2.4 1.9 0.8 3.4 32.3 0-0.9 0.01-1.6 0.9-5.1 0.5-4.4 0.1-1.8 1.4-7 13-78 Urophycis spp. 0.7 0.04 0 0 0 0.8 0.2 1.1 16.6 0.2-1.4 0-0.1 0-3.2 0-0.6 0-5.9 4.4-57 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.6 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0.05 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.3 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 2.6 0 0.6 0 0.4 0.7 1.6 4.5 22.5 0.8-6.3 0.1-1.3 0-1 0.3-1.2 0.8-2.7 1.2-13 9-54 Tautogolabrus adspersus 106.4 0 0.4 0.7 2.3 4.5 6.9 56.1 135.6 53-214 0.09-0.7 0.07-1.8 0.9-4.7 2.7-7.3 3.6-13 24-132 39-471 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.2 0 0.4 0.05 0.8 0 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.01-0.4 0.08-0.8 0-0.2 0.03-2.1 0-1.4 0-0.3 0-1.3 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Scomber scombrus 1.2 0 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.6 1.6 0.5 0.9 0.2-2.9 0.1-1.4 0-0.8 0-1.8 0.1-5.1 0.3-4.2 0-1.5 0.1-2.3 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.08 americanus 0-0.4 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-0.3 0-0.3 Total 146.7 1.1 3.8 4.4 11.0 18.3 16.9 104.0 282.2 80-270 0.5-2.1 1.7-7.7 3-6.2 5.3-22 9-36 9-31 52-206 79-1007

July (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 4.5 0.2 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.1 9.0 5.4 3.2 2-9.2 0-0.6 0.2-1.2 0.3-3.3 0.04-1.2 0-0.2 2.4-28.2 2.8-9.6 0.8-8.7 Clupea harengus 0 0.04 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 18.5 0.5 3.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.1 8.6-39 0.02-1.1 0.8-8.8 0-0.7 0-0.4 0-1.2 0-2.5 0-0.4 0-0.3 Urophycis spp. 3.1 0 0.6 0.04 0 0.3 0 0.03 0 0.9-8 0-1.8 0-0.1 0-0.9 0-0.1 M. aenaeus 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0-0.2 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.2 0.2 5.0 1.6 1.3 0.8 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.3-2.7 0.01-0.5 3.3-7.5 0.4-3.9 0.2-3.6 0.2-1.7 0.01-2.1 0.02-0.5 0.1-1.9 Tautogolabrus adspersus 22.2 15.4 33.6 7.2 2.3 2.5 6.2 2.1 1.0 11-43 5.9-38 16-69 2.9-16 1.1-4 0.7-6.1 2.7-12.8 0.9-4.0 0.3-2.0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.7 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.03 0 0 0-2.4 0-0.4 0-1 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.6 0-0.1 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0.2 0 0.3 0.4 0.1 0.5 0 0 0 0-0.5 0-0.6 0-1.5 0-0.4 0.1-1.1 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.06 0 0 americanus 0-0.1 0-0.2 Total 70.0 66.5 26.5 6.4 4.8 27.1 11.1 9.0 45-109 39-112 15-46 3.2-12 1.5-13 11-64.0 6.8-18.0 3.8-20.0

July (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.1 6.3 3.1 0.4-2.0 2.8-13.1 1.5-6.0 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 3.1 2.6 1.0 1.2-6.4 0.9-5.6 0.1-2.7 Urophycis spp. 1.4 2.2 0.5 0.5-2.9 0-9.2 0-1.2 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.2 5.2 6.1 0.5-2.3 2.2-11.3 2.9-11.8 Tautogolabrus adspersus 16.5 31 31.1 6.8-37.9 16.2-58.7 18.4-52.1 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0.04 0 0.3 0-0.1 0-0.8 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0.05 0.2 0 0-0.2 0-0.4 Pseudopleuronectes 0.04 0 0 americanus 0-0.1 Total 27.9 185.2 53.6 12-62.7 86.5-395.1 33.3-85.9

August LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.1 0.2 0.2 0 0.05 0 0 0.5 0 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.2 0-1.5 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.7 1.6 5.3 0.6 0.8 0 0 2.1 8.7 0.6-3.7 0.5-3.6 1.1-18 0-1.5 0.1-1.9 0.3-6.3 3.6-20 Urophycis spp. 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.4 0 0.05 0.3 3.2 0.3-2.9 0.1-0.9 0.06-0.9 0-1 0.3-3.8 0-0.2 0-0.9 0.8-9 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.9 0.06 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 2.3 0.3-1.9 0-0.2 0.2-1.5 0-3 0.1-1.2 0.01-0.7 0-0.6 0-0.9 1-4.5 Tautogolabrus adspersus 3.2 2.8 3.5 0.6 3.6 0.2 0 2.4 9.3 1.6-5.9 1--6.1 1.1-9 0-1.6 1.9-6.4 0-0.4 0.9-5.4 6.4-13 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.2 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0.05 0 0 0 0 0 americanus 0-0.2 Total 12.0 7.8 15.0 2.9 10.2 1.2 0.3 6.3 38.5 6.6-21 4.2-14 5.1-41 0.7-7.6 5.7-18 0.6-1.9 0-0.8 2-17 23-65

August (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.3 0 0.05 0.3 0 0 0.1 7.5 0.7 0-0.8 0-0.2 0-0.8 0-0.3 1.9-24 0.09-1.6 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 2.2 1.7 1.0 0.3 2.6 0.9 2.7 1.2 2.2 0.4-6.2 0.7-32 0.4-1.8 0-0.9 0.6-6.8 0-2.7 0.8-6.5 0.2-3.1 0.8-4.8 Urophycis spp. 1.3 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.7 3.6 3.4 4.0 3.9 0.4-3 0.06-1.6 0.04-2.7 0-0.7 0.1-1.7 0.2-16 0.7-10.6 1.1-11 1.3-9.5 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 3.4 1.0 0.4 1.6 0.4 2.2 1.9 3.1 0.7 1.3-7.5 0.4-1.8 0-1.1 0.1-5 0.1-0.9 0.3-6.6 0.6-4.2 0.8-8.5 0.1-1.7 Tautogolabrus adspersus 10.0 9.9 1.1 8.5 4.8 10.2 3.5 34.3 3.3 2.3-36 5.6-17 0.4-1.9 4.1-17 2-10 3.9-25 1.1-8.8 12-97 1.3-6.9 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0.05 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0-0.2 0-0.7 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0.1 0 0.08 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.3 0-1 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 26.7 18.5 5.2 13.1 9.4 31.6 22.4 89.2 20.9 10-67 14-25 2.7-9.4 5.7-28 3.4-23 13-77 11-43 45-175 9.7-44

August (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.9 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.4 0 0.3 2.1 0.35 0.3-1.8 0-0.3 0-0.5 0.1-4.6 0-1 0-0.9 0.2-7.4 0-0.8 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0.04 0 0 0.09 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.6 0.4 2.7 0.6 0 0.5 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.4-3.7 0-1 0.7-7 0.04-1.5 0-1.4 0.4-3.4 0-1.2 0-0.7 Urophycis spp. 0.7 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.2 0 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.08-1.6 0-0.6 0.9-2.8 0-0.4 0-0.7 0.03-1.1 0-1.1 0.1-1.3 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.0 0.8 1.5 0.1 0.2 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.3-2 0.3-1.5 0.4-3.3 0-0.3 0-0.5 0.5-3.3 0.2-1.6 0-1.5 0.1-1.1 Tautogolabrus adspersus 1.3 2.3 4.8 0.6 0.3 2.6 0.8 1.1 3.0 0.5-2.7 0.8-5.3 1.8-11 0-1.8 0-0.7 0.8-6.3 0.2-1.5 0.1-3.1 1.5-5.2 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0.04 0 0.1 0 0 0 0-0.1 0-0.3 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0.09 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.3 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0 0 0-0.2 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.03 0 0 americanus 0-0.2 0-0.1 Total 10.8 17.6 6.2 1.9 9.1 6.1 6.9 6.8 5.3-21 9.8-31 2.8-13 0.8-3.7 4.6-17 2.8-12.3 2.1-18.9 3.6-12.1

August (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 23.5 2.2 0.4 5.0-99.9 0.6-5.2 0-0.9 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.7 4.9 1.7 0.1-1.6 1.6-12.2 0.4-4.2 Urophycis spp. 4.8 3.7 1.8 0.6-20.6 1.5 0.5-4.0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 4.8 17.4 1.3 1.0-15.9 10.2-29.2 0.5-2.7 Tautogolabrus adspersus 6.5 8.1 5.0 1.6-20.8 3.9-15.9 1.4-14.2 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0.04 americanus 0-0.1 Total 50.1 69.0 19.0 11.1-216 40.9-115.8 7.9-44.4

September LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.04 1.7 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0-0.2 0.7-3.5 0.01-0.3 0-0.3 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.5 1.6 6.0 3.0 3.1 0.3 1.6 1.7 2.1 0.09-1.1 0.5-3.3 2-15 1.6-5.3 1.5-5.7 0.03-0.6 0.8-2.8 0.3-4.5 1.1-3.6 Urophycis spp. 2.0 1.9 4.5 12.3 10.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.3 0.3-5.7 0.4-4.7 2.4-8 3.9-35 3.6-30 0-0.5 0.03-0.7 0.1-0.9 0.5-2.5 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.07 0 1.0 0.8 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.04 0.7 0-0.3 0.5-1.5 0.2-1.8 0.2-3.6 0-0.5 0-0.5 0-0.1 0.3-1.3 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.04 0.3 0.06 0.5 0-0.3 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.4 0.1-0.8 0-0.1 0.04-0.5 0-0.2 0.1-0.9 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 5.3 8.3 19.6 27.3 21.5 2.3 3.9 3.4 8.8 2.1-12 3.9-17 11-34 12-61 9-48 1-4.4 2.1-6.7 1.4-7.2 7-11

September (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.2 0 0 7.7 0.2 0 0.6 1.9 0.4 0-0.5 3.9-15 0-0.7 0-1.7 0.7-3.8 0.04-0.9 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.0 1.6 1.7 3.2 0.9 0.2 0.5 2.7 1.7 0-3.3 0.4-3.7 0.6-3.8 1-7.8 0-3.1 0-0.4 0.04-1 1.2-5.3 0.6-3.4 Urophycis spp. 0.9 1.7 1.0 4.3 7.8 3.6 2.6 24.3 7.2 0.01-2.5 0.6-3.8 0.1-2.7 2.5-7.1 2.5-21 1-10 0.6-7.5 7.8-72 1.6-25 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M..octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.1 1.7 0.3 1.1 0.5 0.05 1.2 0.4 1.6 0-0.4 0.4-4.1 0-0.6 0.5-1.9 0-1.6 0-0.2 0.2-2.9 0-9 0.5-3.5 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.5 2.8 0.3 3.2 0.5 0.4 1.2 0.3 0.5 0-1.3 0.6-7.8 0-0.9 1.3-6.8 0-1.3 0-1.2 0.2-2.9 0-0.9 0.02-1.1 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 4.2 10.5 4.1 28.3 15.2 9.1 7.2 48.4 18.7 1.3-11 4-25 1.4-9.9 17-47 6.6-33 3.8-20 2.1-20 24-95 5.8-56

September (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 9.0 0.08 0.04 0.3 0.6 0.1 0 1.0 0.2 3.3-22 0-0.2 0-0.2 0-0.7 0-1.7 0-0.3 0.2-2.4 0-0.4 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0.04 0 0 0 0 0-0.1 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.2 0 0.6 0.1 0.05 0 0.09 0.6 0.6 0.1-3.3 0.09-1.5 0-0.3 0-0.2 0-0.3 0-1.4 0-2.1 Urophycis spp. 1.2 0.4 0.2 0.04 0.07 0 0 0.2 0.5 0-3.9 0-0.5-0.8 0-0.4 0-0.1 0-0.2 0-0.5 0-1.1 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.3 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 1.4 1.4 0.3 0 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.3 0.7 0.5-2.8 0.5-2.8 0-0.9 0.1-1.1 0.3-2.9 0.3-1.8 0-0.9 0.1-1.7 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.04 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0-0.3 0.0.3 0.03-1.4 0-0.1 0.04-1.3 0-0.2 0-0.6 0-0.3 0-0.3 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 22.1 2.5 0.8 3.1 1.7 2.1 3.7 9.5 9.6-50 0.9-5.7 0.3-1.5 1.2-6.8 0.5-3.7 0.8-4.5 1.4-8.3 4.0-20.9

September (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.8 1.6 1.3 0.2-4.9 0.2-4.4 0.3-3.3 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.1-0.6 0-.5 0.1-1.2 Urophycis spp. 0.5 1.1 0.9 0-1.3 0.2-2.7 0.2-2.0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0.05 0-0.2 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.7 0.9 2.8 0.2-1.6 0.1-2.5 1.2-5.7 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0.1 0.1 0.3 0-0.4 0-0.3 0-0.8 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 11.0 9.0 10.4 4.1-27.4 3.7-20.4 4.6-22.5

October LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.4 0 0 0.4 0.1 0.2 0 0 0-1.1 0-1.4 0-0.4 0-0.5 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0.05 0 0 0-0.8 0-0.2 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.8 0 0.3 0.06 6.2 0 1.3 0.6 6.7 0-2.5 0-0.8 0-0.2 2.3-15 0.4-2.8 0-2 3.3-13 Urophycis spp. 1.5 1.1 0 0.4 4.3 0.1 0.2 0 1.1 0.01-5.2 0-4 0-1.2 0.5-18 0-0.4 0-0.4 0.01-3.3 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0-0.5 0-0.6 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0.07 0 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0-0.3 0-0.2 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 2.1 1.7 0.9 0.9 11.9 0.5 3.2 0.9 9.9 0-8.6 0.07-5.9 0.2-1.9 0.1-2.2 3.7-34 0-1.7 1.6-5.9 0-2.6 4.9-19

October (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.2 0 0 2.0 0.7 5.2 2.0 13.2 0.5 0.1-3.5 0-8 0-1.8 0.4-26 0.1-7.1 1.2-89 0-1.6 Clupea harengus 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0.6 0 0-0.5 0-3.5 Enchelyopus cimbrius 6.1 0.3 2.1 0.4 6.3 0.1 0.6 1.4 0 1.4-20 0-1 0.9-3.9 0-1.4 0-54 0-0.4 0-1.7 0-6.6 Urophycis spp. 1.5 0 0.3 0.4 2.1 0.9 0.8 2.5 0 0.2-4 0-1.2 0-1.4 0-9.2 0-3 0-2.4 0.4-8.1 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0.2 0.6 0 0-0.9 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.7 0-1.6 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.4 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 11.6 0.3 3.4 2.8 10.8 13.0 4.1 34.0 2.0 4.9-26 0-1 1.7-6.1 0.2-11 0.7-79 5.4-30 0.6-15 11-104 0.03-7.8

October (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 4.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.8-17 0-0.7 Clupea harengus 0 0.5 0 0 0 0.1 0.07 0.3 0 0-1.4 0-0.3 0-0.2 0-1.3 Enchelyopus cimbrius 1.0 0 1.1 0 0.04 0.1 0 0.3 0.1 0-5.2 0-3.8 0-0.1 0-0.3 0-0.7 0-0.3 Urophycis spp. 0.4 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0-1.7 0-1.8 0-0.1 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0.1 0 0 0 0.3 0.1 0 0.2 0 0-0.5 0-1.2 0-0.6 0-0.9 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0-0.4 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 13.9 4.1 0.06 0.4 1.0 0.1 1.5 0.8 7.3-26 1-12 0-0.2 0-1.3 0-3.2 0-0.2 0.1-4.5 0.2-1.9

October (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.3 0.5 0-0.6 0-1.7 Clupea harengus 0.2 0 0 0-0.7 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.3 0 0.2 0-0.6 0-0.6 Urophycis spp. 0 0.2 0.1 0-0.5 0-0.2 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0.1 0-0.3 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0.1 0-0.2 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 1.2 0.7 2.1 0.4-2.7 0.1-1.7 0.3-6.1

November LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0.5 0 2.1 0 0.4 0 0 0.04-1 0.7-5 0-1.1 Clupea harengus 0 0 0 0.2 0 0.5 0.8 0 0.4 0-0.8 0-1.7 0-2.9 0-1.2 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.2 0 0.09 0 0.1 0 0.3 0 0.6 0-1.7 0-0.4 0-0.4 0-0.8 0-1.6 Urophycis spp. 0.2 0 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.09 0-1.7 0-0.7 0-0.4 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 0.4 0 0.7 0.5 2.5 0.5 2.4 0 1.3 0-4 0-2 0.05-1.3 0.6-6.5 0-1.7 0.8-5.6 0.8-1.9

November (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.5 0 0 0 0 0.5 0-2.2 0-1.5 0-0.9 0.07-1.1 0-1.2 Clupea harengus 4.6 0 0 0 11.4 15.3 2.8 12.5 1.5 1.3-13 1.4-64 1.3-117 0.6-8.1 1.6-69 0-5.8 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.4 0 0 0.1 0.08 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0-0.9 0-0.6 0-0.3 0-0.5 0-0.5 0-0.5 0-0.6 Urophycis spp. 0.2 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0 0.6 0-0.8 0-0.2 0-1.7 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 5.3 0.6 0.2 0.7 11.5 16.9 3.0 14.2 5.3 1.2-17 0-23 0-1 0.04-1.8 1.4-65 1.7-118 0.6-8.8 2.7-61 1.9-13

November (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 1.1 0 0.8 0.09 0.1 0 0 0 0.1 0-4.6 0-2.5 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.3 Clupea harengus 3.7 4.7 0.4 0.3 0 0.5 0.7 0.5 0 0.4-15 0-31 0-2.1 0-1.6 0-1.2 0-4.4 0-1.6 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.1 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0-0.4 0-0.5 0-0.2 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0.06 0 0 0 0 0 americanus 0-0.2 Total 6.6 2.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.1 2-19 0.5-6 0-1.9 0.1-1.2 0-1.4 0-4.4 0-2.3 0-0.3

November (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0.1 0 0 0-0.3 Clupea harengus 0.2 0.6 1.4 0-0.7 0-1.7 0-6.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0.1 0 0.3 0-0.4 0-0.8 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0.1 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 0.6 0.6 2.1 0-1.7 0-1.8 0.1-8.0

December LARVAE 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 Clupea harengus 0.2 0 1.9 0 1.0 0.1 4.6 0.1 0.1 0-0.6 0-8.8 0.02-3.1 0-0.4 1.1-14 0-0.4 0-0.4 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.4 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.4 Ammodytes sp. 0 2.1 0.1 0 0.1 0 0 0 0 0-9.3 0-0.6 0-0.4 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 0.2 2.8 2.3 0.2 1.8 0.1 4.9 0.1 0.1 0-0.6 0.2-11 0.08-9.1 0-0.6 0.3-5.4 0-0.4 1.4-14 0-0.4 0-0.4

December (continued)

LARVAE 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 0-1.4 Clupea harengus 1.2 1.0 1.3 0 1.2 13.3 0.6 9.9 2.0 0.8-1.6 0-4 0.3-2.9 0-5.5 1.9-70 0.02-1.5 1.3-51 0.5-4.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0.09 0 0.04 0 0 0-0.4 0-0.1 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0.05 0-1 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 0 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.04 0 0.4 0-1.1 0-0.1 0-1.4 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 1.2 1.0 2.0 0.2 1.5 13.3 0.6 10.5 3.4 0.8-1.6 0-4 0.5-4.9 0-0.7 0-6 1.9-70 0.02-1.6 1.4-55 1.3-7.3

December (continued)

LARVAE 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 3.2 0.5 1.0 0 0.5 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.2 0.4-12 0-3 0-2.9 0.04-1.1 0.3-4.3 0-2.1 0.2-2.5 0-1.0 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.5 M. aenaeus 0.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-1 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0 0-0.4 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0.2 0 0.2 0 0 0 0.1 0.1 0 0-0.6 0-3.7 0-0.2 0-0.2 Ammodytes sp. 0.2 0 0 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0-1.2 0-1.5 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 americanus Total 4.8 1.1 0 0.8 1.7 0.9 1.2 0.4 1.1-15 0-3.7 0-2.3 0.3-4.4 0-2.7 0.3-2.8 0-1.5

December (continued)

LARVAE 2008 2009 2010 Brevoortia tyrannus 0 0 0 Clupea harengus 0.2 0.5 1.4 0-0.6 0-1.5 0-5.9 Enchelyopus cimbrius 0 0 0 Urophycis spp. 0 0 0 M. aenaeus 0 0 0 M. octodecemspinosus 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 L. atlanticus 0 0 0 L. coheni 0 0 0 Tautoga onitis 0 0 0 Tautogolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 Ulvaria subbifurcata 0 0 0 Pholis gunnellus 0 0 0 Ammodytes sp. 0.2 0.1 0 0-0.9 0-0.3 Scomber scombrus 0 0 0 Pseudopleuronectes 0 0 0 americanus Total 0.5 0.7 1.4 0-1.7 0-1.9 0-5.9

IMPINGEMENT OF ORGANISMS ON THE INTAKE SCREENS AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION JANUARY - DECEMBER 2010 Submitted to Entergy Nuclear Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Plymouth, Massachusetts by Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Falmouth, Massachusetts April 22, 2011

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Introduction Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) is located on the northwestern shore of Cape Cod Bay (Figure 1) with a licensed capacity of 685 megawatts. The unit has two circulating water pumps with a capacity of approximately 345 cfs (155,500 gallons per minute) each and five service water pumps (2,500 gallons per minute each) with a combined capacity of 23 cfs. Water is drawn under a skimmer wall, through vertical bar racks spaced approximately three inches on center, and finally through vertical traveling screens of 1/2 x 1/4 inch mesh (Figure 2). There are four vertical screens, two for each circulating water pump.

This report describes the monitoring of impinged organisms at Pilgrim Station based on screen wash samples taken from January to December 2010 and provides documentation of the environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of NPDES Permit No. MA0003557 (USEPA) and No. 359 (MA DEP).

Methods and Materials Three scheduled screen wash periods were monitored each week from January to December 2010. These included the 0830 wash on Monday, the 1630 wash on Wednesday, and the 0030 wash on Saturday. Each sampling period thus represented a separate, distinct eight-hour period. Prior to each sampling period, the time of the previous screen wash was obtained from a strip chart recorder located in the screen house or from the Control Room log to permit the actual sampling interval to be calculated. Whenever the screens were static upon arrival a 30-minute sample was collected, and if the screens were already operating then a 60-minute sample was obtained.

Low and high pressure spray nozzles directed at the screens washed impinged organisms and debris into a sluiceway which was sampled by inserting a collection basket made of stainless steel mesh. All fauna were identified and noted as being alive, dead, or injured. Fish were determined to be alive if they showed opercular movement and no obvious signs of injury.

Fauna determined to be alive were measured for total length (mm), then released. Those determined to be dead or injured were preserved. In the lab, the weights (grams) and total lengths (mm) were recorded for up to 20 specimens of each species. The impingement rate was calculated by dividing the number of fish collected by the number of hours in the collection period. Counts made from all collections during a month were pooled and then extrapolated to estimate a monthly total (total number of fish in each month divided by the total collection hours in each month) x 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> x number of days in the month. These monthly totals were summed to derive an annual total adjusted for number of collection hours.

If an impingement rate of 20 fish per hour was obtained for static washes, an additional one-hour sample was taken. If at least 20 fish were present in the extra 60-minute collection period the Operator and Shift Manager were immediately informed and advised to leave the screens operating until further notice. Additional follow-up sampling would be performed at approximately 4-hour intervals, as warranted by conditions until the impingement rate declined to less than 20 fish per hour. As these subsequent samples were taken communication typically 2 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Figure 1. Location of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station 3 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Figure 2. Cross-section of intake structure of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.

4 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring occurred in order to keep all appropriate individuals updated. A similar procedure was followed if 20 or more fish were found in an initial continuous wash sample, with additional monitoring occurring until the impingement rate was less than 20 fish per hour. As in the case of static wash samples all appropriate individuals were kept apprised as conditions changed.

Results and Discussion Fish In 434.78 collection hours, an estimated total of 32,962 fish consisting of 33 species was collected during sampling completed from January - December 2010 (Table 1, Figure 3).

Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia), alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), Atlantic menhaden, (Brevoortia tyrannus), winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax), and cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), were the top six numerical dominants accounting for 41, 38, 4, 3, 3 and 2 %, respectively, of the annual total. The overall impingement rate of all fish combined in 2010 was 4.43 fish per hour, ranging from 16.7 in July down to 0.1 fish per hour in June (Table 1).

Atlantic silversides, historically one of the most numerous fish impinged at PNPS, ranked first with an estimated annual total of 13,576 fish. Silversides were represented in the catch every month but were most abundant in April (8,233 fish), when 61% of the annual total was collected (Table 1). Impinged silversides were all young-of-the-year and age 1 fish (see Conover and Murawski 1982) ranging in size from 63 to 152 mm with a mean length of 95 mm (Table 2).

Alewife ranked second in 2010 with an extrapolated total of 12,680 fish. They were impinged most often in July when 95% of the annual total was obtained (Table 1). The remaining individuals were found in March, April, May, August, and October through December. Impinged alewives were juvenile fish ranging in size from 64 to 172 mm with a mean length of 95 mm (Table 2).

Menhaden were impinged from July through December with 65% of the years total being collected in August. Winter flounder were impinged every month except for June, September, and October; 63% were recorded from January through March. Smelt were most common in November, and March, 68% of the fish being impinged during those two months.

Lastly, cunner were represented in the catch primarily during the cold months of November through February; 93% of the fish were taken during those months.

In 2010 there were two brief impingement incidents where the sampled impingement rate exceeded 20 fish per hour; one in April and one in July. The April sample, taken on the 12th, involved Atlantic silversides and spotted hake impinged at the rate of 25 fish per hour. The July sample, taken on the 28th , contained five species impinged at a combined rate of 236 fish per hour. Silversides accounted for 99.5% of the April catch and alewives accounted for 99.4% of the July catch. In both cases subsequent samples taken immediately following the first (3 and 0 fish per hour, respectively) indicated that the relatively high rates of impingement were of short duration.

5 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Pilgrim Station Impingement January - December 2010 Atlantic Silverside 41.2%

Alewife 38.5%

Cunner 1.6%

Rainbow Smelt 2.8%

Winter Flounder 3.1%

Atlantic Menhaden 4.3%

27 Remaining Species 8.7%

Figure 3. Percent of total for numerically dominant species of fish impinged on the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station intake screens, January to December 2010.

Annual extrapolated totals for all species impinged from 1980 to 2010 along with their respective 1980 to 2009 long-term means are shown in Table 3; results for the 14 typical dominants and total fish are also shown in Figure 4. The select 14 species typically account for greater than 90% of the annual total collected on the screens. The 2010 impingement total of 32,962 fish was 71% of the 30-year mean of 46,516 fish impinged. The below average value in 2010 was clearly due to reduced numbers of Atlantic menhaden which have typically ranked first or second over the 1980 to 2009 time period; in 2010 their annual total (1,403) amounted to only 5% of the time series mean of 25,691 fish. Overall among the remaining numerical dominants silversides, alewife, cunner, and lumpfish were above average in number in 2010. The alewife total, in particular, was seven times the time series mean. Grubby, smelt, tomcod, hakes, blueback herring, windowpane, tautog, and Atlantic herring were below average in number.

Winter flounder numbers were near average (1005 in 2010 compared with a mean of 975).

6 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Previous large impingement events, defined as those involving more than 1,000 fish, are documented in Table 4. The short-lived influx of alewives in July represented the only such event in 2010 and the first one occurring since September 2007. At PNPS menhaden and silversides have accounted for 15 of the 21 cases. These events often occur in the late summer and autumn when young fish are abundant, actively moving offshore for the winter and water temperatures are declining. As water temperatures drop, metabolism declines along with swimming ability.

Impingement rates (number of fish collected divided by number of collection hours) for each species and their respective estimated annual totals for 2010 are presented in Table 5.

Alewife and silverside yielded the highest impingement rates (2.465 and 1.290 fish/hour, respectively). For all species combined, the impingement rates were 4.44 fish/hour and 32,962 fish/year, ranking 11th over the 31-year time series from 1980 to 2010 (Table 6). The average annual impingement total recorded from 1980 to 2009 was 46,448 fish per year, ranging from 1,112 (1984) to 302,883 (2005) fish per year.

Since 1980, 80 species of fish have been collected on the PNPS intake screens (Table 7).

Nine species of fish (alewife, Atlantic silverside, Atlantic tomcod, blueback herring, cunner, grubby, hakes, rainbow smelt, and winter flounder) were collected every year from 1980 to 2010.

Eight other species, Atlantic herring , Atlantic menhaden, lumpfish, northern pipefish, rock gunnel, tautog, threespine stickleback, and windowpane were present at least 90% of the time

(28 annual occurrences).

Invertebrates From January to December 2010, 12,454 invertebrates representing 13 taxa (Table 8) were estimated to have been impinged at Pilgrim Station yielding an impingement rate of 1.4 invertebrates per hour. Sevenspine bay shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa) ranked first and accounted for 51% of the annual estimated total. They were primarily impinged in January, February and April when 28, 35 and 24%, respectively, of the 6,368 estimated total was collected. Cancer crabs (Cancer spp) and green crabs (Carcinus maenas) ranked second and third in numerical order accounting for 18 and 8%, respectively, of the annual invertebrate total.

Cancer crabs were present throughout the year and were most abundant in November when 22%

of their total (2,301 crabs) was collected. Green crabs were also impinged every month and were most abundant in January when 28% of their annual total of 999 crabs was impinged. Seventeen American lobsters (Homarus americanus) were impinged during sampling periods in 2010 ranging in size from 12 to 143mm, yielding an annual estimated total of 350 animals. Among the seventeen lobsters collected three were of legal size ( 82 mm) and the rest were less that 80 mm and likely juveniles.

Table 9 presents annual estimated totals for impinged invertebrates dating back to 1980.

Based on the times series mean the bay shrimp total for 2010 was below average amounting to 89% of the mean. The green crab total was also below average amounting to 75% of the mean.

In contrast, rock crab were impinged in above average numbers, 1.6 times the mean (2301 compared with 1447)..

7 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Conclusions

1. The average hourly impingement rate for 2010 at Pilgrim Station from January to December was 4.4 fish per hour for all fish combined. The estimated annual impingement total of 32,962 fish ranked 11th over the 31-year time series, 66% of all previous annual totals were lower.

2. Thirty-three species of fish were sampled in 437.28 collection hours in 2010.

3. Atlantic silversides, alewife, Atlantic menhaden,, winter flounder, rainbow smelt, and cunner, were the numerical dominants accounting for 41, 38, 4, 3, 3 and 2 %,

respectively, of the annual total.

4. In 2010 there were two brief impingement incidents where the sampled impingement rate exceeded 20 fish per hour; one in April and one in July.

Silversides accounted for 99.5% of the April catch and alewives accounted for 99.4% of the July catch. In both cases subsequent samples indicated that the relatively high rates of impingement were of short duration.

5. The short-lived influx of alewives in July represented the only large impingement event (more than 1,000 fish) in 2010 and the first one that occurred since September 2007.

6. Invertebrates were impinged at a rate of 1.4 animals per hour. Sevenspine bay shrimp, cancer crabs and green crabs accounted for 51, 18, and 8% of the 2010 estimated annual total of 12,454 invertebrates.

8 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Literature Cited Conover, D.O. and S.A. Murawski. 1982. Offshore winter migration of the Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 80(1):145-150.

Witherell, D.B. and J. Burnett. 1993. Growth and maturation of winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, in Massachusetts. Fishery Bulletin U.S. 91(4):816-820.

9 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Atlantic Silverside Atlantic Menhaden Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 100,000 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 10,000 1,000 1,000 100 100 10 10 1 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Winter Flounder Alewife Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 3,000 100,000 2,500 10,000 2,000 1,500 1,000 1,000 100 500 0 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Figure 4. Extrapolated annual totals for typical numerical dominants impinged at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, 1980-2010.

10 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Blueback Herring Cunner Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 10,000 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 100 600 400 10 200 1 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Windowpane Tautog Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 500 600 400 500 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Figure 4. Continued.

11 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Grubby Rainbow Smelt Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 2,500 10,000 2,000 1,000 1,500 1,000 100 500 0 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Atlantic Tomcod Hakes (Red and White)

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 1,800 10,000 1,600 1,400 1,000 1,200 1,000 100 800 600 400 10 200 0 1 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Figure 4. Continued.

12 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Lumpfish Atlantic Herring Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total Extrapolated Total 700 100,000 600 10,000 500 400 1,000 300 100 200 10 100 0 1 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Mean 1980-2009 Total Fish Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Impingement Extrapolated Total 1,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000 100 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 '00 '02 '04 '06 '08 10 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 '01 '03 '05 '07 '09 Total Mean 1980-2009 Figure 4. Continued.

13 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 1. Monthly extrapolated totals for all fishes collected from Pilgrim Station intake screens, January-December 2010.

2010 Common Name Species Summary Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Atlantic Silverside Menidia menidia 13,576 784 379 2,755 8,233 148 24 12 14 25 17 613 572 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus 12,680 0 0 357 64 13 0 12,082 14 0 17 37 96 Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus 1,403 0 0 0 0 0 0 183 916 146 17 109 32 Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus 1,005 196 148 292 22 37 0 35 70 0 0 109 96 Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax 911 40 43 260 0 13 0 0 98 0 0 361 96 Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus 535 118 85 0 0 13 0 23 0 0 0 73 223 Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus 319 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 286 Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis 271 0 0 0 22 13 0 0 14 0 17 109 96 Sand Lance Ammodytes sp. 246 40 22 130 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Atlantic Tomcod Microgadus tomcod 196 0 0 0 22 37 0 0 0 0 0 73 64 Striped Killifish Fundulus majalis 187 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 128 Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus 181 40 64 65 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus 162 0 0 98 64 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus 131 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 0 American Shad Alosa sapidissima 120 0 0 98 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atlantic Moonfish Selene setapinnis 114 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114 0 0 Little Skate Leucoraja erinacea 112 0 0 0 0 25 24 35 28 0 0 0 0 Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus 112 79 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus 93 0 0 0 43 13 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 Smallmouth Flounder Etropus microstomus 90 0 0 33 43 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus 74 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 14 0 0 37 0 Spotted Hake Urophycis regia 72 0 0 0 22 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Radiated Shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata 62 40 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Red Hake Urophycis chuss 57 0 0 0 0 13 0 12 0 0 0 0 32 Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua 53 40 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rock Gunnel Pholis gunnellus 43 0 0 0 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Searobins Prionotus spp. 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Scup Stenotomus chrysops 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 14 0 0 0 0 American Eel Anguilla rostrata 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 White Perch Morone americana 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 Tautog Tautoga onitis 13 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Striped Bass Morone saxatilis 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 Number of Species 33 9 8 11 13 13 2 11 10 3 6 12 14 Extrapolated Totals 32,962 1,377 785 4,154 8,644 401 48 12,441 1,196 196 199 1,704 1,817 Number of "Collection Hours" 437.28 19.00 31.97 22.96 34.02 60.63 30.88 65.09 53.66 29.78 45.88 19.98 23.43 Impingement Rate (fish per hour) 4.43 1.84 1.16 5.57 11.99 0.53 0.06 16.72 1.60 0.27 0.26 2.35 2.43 14 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 2. Species, number, length and weight for all fish impinged at Pilgrim Station, January - December 2010.

Number Length (mm) Weight (g)

Common Name Species Collected n Mean Min Max n Mean Min Max Little Skate Leucoraja erinacea 8 8 457.9 384 552 0 American Eel Anguilla rostrata 1 1 305.0 305 305 1 28.64 28.64 28.64 Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis 10 10 141.7 55 295 3 3.28 1.65 4.77 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus 1,078 47 94.6 64 172 41 5.68 2.20 14.82 American Shad Alosa sapidissima 4 4 114.0 75 150 2 3.65 1.92 5.37 Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus 93 93 61.5 34 121 59 1.79 0.35 8.46 Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus 6 6 140.3 124 160 6 13.61 8.23 22.87 Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax 32 32 100.7 77 198 16 5.21 1.85 23.53 Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua 2 2 256.5 63 450 1 1.99 1.99 1.99 Atlantic Tomcod Microgadus tomcod 8 8 97.0 45 153 5 3.51 0.66 13.02 Red Hake Urophycis chuss 3 3 76.3 62 87 2 2.43 1.77 3.08 Spotted Hake Urophycis regia 5 5 88.8 64 120 3 3.22 1.41 5.58 Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus 1 1 87.0 87 87 0 Striped Killifish Fundulus majalis 6 6 73.8 60 102 1 3.08 3.08 3.08 Atlantic Silverside Menidia menidia 564 305 95.0 63 152 154 3.78 0.84 12.86 Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus 3 3 59.0 44 68 0 Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus 4 4 115.8 82 150 0 Searobins Prionotus spp. 1 1 212.0 212 212 0 Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus 7 7 71.6 58 95 0 Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus 10 10 58.4 38 69 0 White Perch Morone americana 1 1 121.3 121.3 121.3 1 23.77 23.77 23.77 Striped Bass Morone saxatilis 1 1 585.0 585 585 1 1282.00 1282.00 1282.00 Atlantic Moonfish Selene setapinnis 7 7 49.6 46 55 0 Scup Stenotomus chrysops 2 2 37.5 32 43 1 0.28 0.28 0.28 Tautog Tautoga onitis 1 1 320.0 320 320 1 670.00 670.00 670.00 Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus 19 19 78.3 40 160 3 39.46 10.12 70.94 Radiated Shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata 2 2 100.5 76 125 0 Rock Gunnel Pholis gunnellus 2 2 138.0 113 163 0 Sand Lance Ammodytes sp. 8 8 152.9 110 195 1 7.06 7.06 7.06 Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus 4 4 44.8 39 51 3 0.92 0.73 1.09 Smallmouth Flounder Etropus microstomus 4 4 88.8 48 196 2 1.73 1.00 2.45 Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus 4 4 119.8 34 214 0 Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus 39 39 90.2 44 310 4 1.36 0.95 1.78 15 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. Annual extrapolated totals for fish found on the Pilgrim Station intake screens, 1980-2010.

1 2 3 4 Species 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Alewife 99 201 262 83 88 807 261 26 464 149 1,480 250 247 1,021 123 39,884 American Eel 18 41 12 0 0 0 19 0 0 15 0 0 8 0 0 0 American Plaice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 American Sand Lance 0 0 12 11 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 American Shad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 212 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Atlantic Cod 12 122 11 0 0 0 33 0 23 0 0 24 10 47 42 58 Atlantic Herring 83 53 156 22 0 35 3,009 6 51 138 408 24,238 51 169 28 108 Atlantic Mackerel 0 49 0 12 0 0 0 0 24 29 13 0 0 0 12 0 Atlantic Menhaden 226 0 171 522 11 1,491 953 0 177 2,020 3,135 1,117 32 46 58 1,560 Atlantic Moonfish 0 0 0 10 8 0 0 0 0 43 0 0 14 0 0 21 Atlantic Seasnail 0 53 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 19 0 0 11 Atlantic Silverside 191 90,449 2,626 1,586 245 4,417 702 1,298 940 2,838 4,761 2,955 2,381 9,872 36,498 13,085 Atlantic Tomcod 63 76 221 276 157 389 174 57 1,578 433 291 159 104 329 153 260 Bay Anchovy 9 0 859 0 0 12 42 0 0 10 42 25 0 0 0 0 Bigeye 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black Ruff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 Black Sea Bass 0 13 0 0 0 0 10 7 0 10 0 19 14 0 0 85 Black Spotted Stickleback 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 25 33 0 Blueback Herring 46 230 251 754 34 791 63 7 222 207 1,194 298 110 295 269 1,244 Bluefish 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Butterfish 0 36 0 30 15 39 0 0 0 10 1,686 24 0 12 41 42 Crevalle Jack 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cunner 1,043 870 610 196 45 580 270 115 97 199 210 182 28 93 77 346 Dogfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flying Gurnard 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Fourbeard Rockling 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fourspine Stickleback 11 207 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fourspot Flounder 87 7 10 22 0 0 0 0 12 0 10 69 0 12 0 21 Gizzard Shad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Golden Redfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goosefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grubby 107 448 340 490 114 932 359 200 124 684 585 468 507 640 1,094 648 Gulf Stream Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Haddock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hakes (Red and White) 93 101 125 0 8 34 27 53 23 55 0 55 14 166 23 182 16 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. (continued).

1 2 3 4 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Hogchoker 0 0 7 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 Little Skate 0 7 12 45 15 32 11 29 120 84 0 78 92 147 48 35 Longhorn Sculpin 0 0 8 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 Lumpfish 38 0 160 103 75 125 46 72 674 30 78 51 122 329 177 116 Mummichog 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 97 0 28 12 0 11 35 20 Northern Kingfish 23 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 Northern Pipefish 144 79 122 177 8 213 0 0 24 176 28 30 28 116 230 180 Northern Puffer 144 1,327 177 94 78 36 51 0 120 388 47 141 42 12 0 43 Northern Searobin 69 20 70 60 17 69 13 27 0 51 13 23 0 48 80 68 Ocean Pout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Orange Filefish 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 23 0 0 0 0 0 Planehead Filefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 Pollock 22 0 381 119 14 18 0 25 56 0 50 23 17 107 9 39 Radiated Shanny 30 0 45 0 0 65 70 30 0 36 9 20 43 66 141 85 Rainbow Smelt 814 236 634 1,224 29 189 1,909 1,070 370 886 387 372 317 8,302 9,464 2,191 Rock Gunnel 11 30 0 53 8 442 11 8 0 48 42 62 38 210 84 107 Round Scad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 23 0 0 0 0 0 Sand Lance sp. 66 0 24 79 0 20 10 0 0 0 0 20 19 0 79 0 Sculpin sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scup 80 23 83 11 0 95 0 0 0 51 599 159 32 8 13 0 Sea Raven 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Seaboard Goby 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Searobin sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shorthorn Sculpin 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 10 0 11 0 0 Silver Hake 57 35 0 22 0 24 49 26 0 10 9 23 9 32 27 11 Silver-rag 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 Smallmouth Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 Smooth Dogfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 11 12 10 0 0 0 0 Smooth Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spiny Dogfish 8 23 0 28 0 0 0 0 12 7 19 10 0 8 0 0 Spot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 Spotted Hake 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Striped Bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Striped Cusk Eel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 Striped Killifish 0 31 0 13 0 64 22 27 41 59 46 82 51 12 385 52 17 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. (continued).

1 2 3 4 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Striped Searobins 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 0 12 0 12 Summer Flounder 12 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 22 0 Tautog 0 69 18 41 11 83 26 113 82 159 52 175 93 275 50 73 Threespine Stickleback 37 118 434 21 7 112 0 372 72 114 30 19 26 47 270 124 Weakfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Weitzman's Pearlside 0 0 75 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 White Perch 0 42 0 0 5 81 0 0 0 0 0 29 88 0 24 21 Windowpane 68 96 107 173 56 146 87 0 0 171 171 103 41 133 179 232 Winter Flounder 297 249 297 232 47 884 908 138 556 1,119 336 694 787 1,181 1,018 1,628 Winter Skate 11 0 10 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yellowtail Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 50 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 Annual totals 4,028 95,358 8,406 6,559 1,104 12,243 9,241 3,783 6,227 10,290 15,935 32,077 5,398 23,890 50,786 62,614 Collection Time (hrs.) 687 574.8 687 763 1,042 465 806 527 525 618 919.5 930.3 774.0 673.5 737.4 607.7 Impingement Rate (fish/hour) 0.66 10.02 0.93 0.57 0.13 1.14 1.26 0.28 0.27 0.8 1.70 3.38 0.63 2.78 5.97 5.87 1 No CWS pumps were in operation April to August 1984.

2 No CWS pumps were in operation August 1987.

3 No CWS pumps were in operation 9 October - 14 November 1994.

4 No CWS pumps were in operation 30 March - 15 May 1995.

5 No CWS pumps were in operation 10 May - 10 June 1999.

6 No CWS pumps were in operation 28 April - 9 May 2001.

7 No CWS pumps were in operation 21 April - 11 May 2003.

8 No CWS pumps were in operation 20 April - 8 May 2005.

9 No CWS pumps were in operation 7 April - 20 April 2007.

18 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. (continued).

Mean 5 6 7 8 9 Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1980-2009 2010 Alewife 216 317 158 610 2,443 1,618 334 438 145 265 240 438 75 1,261 1,800 12,680 American Eel 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 5 25 American Plaice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 American Sand Lance 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 American Shad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 120 Atlantic Cod 0 0 53 42 0 113 0 61 99 192 688 56 143 86 64 53 Atlantic Herring 0 13 108 181 77 48 301 51 138 549 122 0 23 0 1,006 162 Atlantic Mackerel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 60 7 0 Atlantic Menhaden 2,168 1,329 1,423 42,686 64,354 3,599 53,304 119,041 10,431 277,601 15,189 154,832 721 12,528 25,691 1,403 Atlantic Moonfish 94 0 17 273 0 86 234 0 0 20 70 0 0 23 30 114 Atlantic Seasnail 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 10 8 0 0 0 16 0 6 0 Atlantic Silverside 16,615 6,303 6,773 8,577 25,665 4,987 4,430 23,149 13,107 11,590 7,993 3,362 6,167 5,349 10,630 13,576 Atlantic Tomcod 466 72 40 302 323 278 168 19 304 1,518 616 154 289 107 313 196 Bay Anchovy 0 23 0 0 0 8 148 60 0 0 0 28 23 23 44 0 Bigeye 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black Ruff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black Sea Bass 0 0 0 15 0 57 0 38 147 188 82 0 30 0 24 0 Black Spotted Stickleback 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 6 0 Blueback Herring 2,462 424 134 550 5,919 229 943 1,968 2,046 646 570 352 203 30 750 271 Bluefish 0 0 17 0 0 0 47 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Butterfish 44 1,581 42 188 0 170 0 0 31 78 29 85 28 186 147 74 Crevalle Jack 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 2 0 Cunner 332 41 101 153 348 140 59 172 240 716 384 367 247 895 305 525 Dogfish 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Flying Gurnard 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Fourbeard Rockling 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Fourspine Stickleback 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 72 0 0 0 0 10 0 Fourspot Flounder 0 17 6 47 0 0 0 56 122 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 Gizzard Shad 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Golden Redfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Goosefish 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Grubby 1,347 405 335 628 1,105 517 1,087 237 2,257 501 306 349 374 666 595 181 Gulf Stream Flounder 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Haddock 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 1 0 Hakes (Red and White) 113 196 106 682 182 1,158 192 128 202 70 72 126 159 273 154 57 19 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. (continued). Mean Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 5 2000 2001 6 2002 2003 7 2004 2005 8 2006 2007 9 2008 2009 1980-2009 2010 Hogchoker 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Little Skate 27 46 48 0 0 80 69 121 237 138 85 69 75 46 60 112 Longhorn Sculpin 13 0 21 15 261 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 Lumpfish 206 173 244 136 131 0 137 61 8 409 140 91 161 211 143 319 Mummichog 0 0 0 36 13 0 0 0 0 27 0 49 30 0 13 32 Northern Kingfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Northern Pipefish 143 55 0 187 92 28 110 99 14 509 119 15 46 120 103 131 Northern Puffer 0 105 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 35 18 0 0 96 0 Northern Searobin 0 0 6 31 319 57 0 10 51 58 50 0 30 120 45 0 Ocean Pout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 14 0 0 0 16 0 2 0 Orange Filefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Planehead Filefish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pollock 0 0 0 105 52 0 0 0 53 788 0 0 67 0 65 0 Radiated Shanny 29 0 63 26 13 67 31 59 14 16 0 15 31 31 35 62 Rainbow Smelt 3,728 1,978 1,656 875 13 879 335 532 1,092 2,840 756 1,191 943 677 1,530 911 Rock Gunnel 155 0 21 16 100 75 50 0 24 216 53 29 29 15 65 43 Round Scad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Sand Lance sp. 0 0 38 0 0 35 0 30,765 38 50 150 78 320 361 1,072 246 Sculpin sp. 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scup 0 0 6 0 12 0 35 27 72 216 0 48 0 23 53 26 Sea Raven 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 23 0 0 0 0 2 0 Seaboard Goby 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Searobin sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 1 32 Shorthorn Sculpin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Silver Hake 26 138 21 83 165 114 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 23 33 0 Silver-rag 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Smallmouth Flounder 0 0 11 10 0 0 0 0 0 72 31 0 23 61 8 90 Smooth Dogfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 16 0 0 0 81 0 7 0 Smooth Flounder 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Spiny Dogfish 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 154 0 84 54 0 15 0 Spot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spotted Hake 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 72 Striped Bass 77 0 0 0 39 0 0 16 139 0 39 21 31 0 12 12 Striped Cusk Eel 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 16 0 2 0 Striped Killifish 29 0 44 52 309 64 613 488 121 223 37 144 100 120 108 187 20 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 3. (continued). Mean 5 6 7 8 9 Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 1980-2009 2010 Striped Searobins 0 83 0 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 21 0 0 11 0 Summer Flounder 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 41 0 0 0 23 0 5 0 Tautog 488 172 129 119 157 92 289 46 14 39 158 89 0 0 104 13 Threespine Stickleback 99 0 91 19 27 64 13 19 158 151 262 69 62 398 108 112 Weakfish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 27 0 0 2 0 Weitzman's Pearlside 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 16 0 0 0 5 0 White Perch 206 34 43 122 24 21 72 15 86 28 21 27 145 60 40 17 Windowpane 296 65 416 434 363 162 24 13 37 135 158 42 30 301 141 93 Winter Flounder 857 608 2,069 1,021 1,358 1,729 1,466 1,435 2,021 2,688 1,242 715 1,010 672 975 1,005 Winter Skate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Yellowtail Flounder 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 16 37 24 0 0 0 0 8 0 Annual totals 30,236 14,228 14,301 58,314 103,986 16,567 64,583 179,445 33,564 302,883 29,808 163,036 11,821 24,756 46,516 32,952 Collection Time (hrs.) 416 455 575 375.5 507 430.1 494.4 714.1 638.3 440.5 432.3 468.0 388.2 249.1 597 436.3 Impingement Rate (fish/hour) 3.11 1.43 1.30 7.21 9.25 1.78 4.93 25.58 2.85 18.87 3.26 10.24 1.41 2.15 4.33 4.46 21 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 4. Dominant species and estimated number impinged during high impingement events at PNPS, 1973-2010.

Estimated Number for all Date Species Species August-September, 1973 Clupeids 1,600 August 5, 1976 Alewife 1,900 November 23-28, 1978 Atlantic menhaden 10,200 December 11-29, 1978 Rainbow smelt 6,200 March/April, 1979 Atlantic silverside 1,100 September 23-24, 1981 Atlantic silverside 6,000 July 22-25, 1991 Rainbow smelt 4,200 December 15-28, 1993 Atlantic silverside 5,100 November 26-28, 1994 Atlantic silverside 5,800 December 26-28, 1994 Atlantic silverside and Rainbow smelt 11,400 September 8-9, 1995 Alewife 13,100 September 17-18, 1999 Atlantic menhaden 4,910 November 17-20, 2000 Atlantic menhaden 19,900 August/September, 2002 Atlantic menhaden 33,300 November 1, 2003 Atlantic menhaden 2,500 November 12 - 17, 2003 Atlantic menhaden 63,900 November 19 - 21, 2003 Sand lance and Atlantic menhaden 17,900 November 29, 2003 Atlantic silverside 3,900 August 16 - 18, 2005 Atlantic menhaden 107,000 September 14-15, 2007 Atlantic menhaden 6,500 July 29, 2010 Alewife 1,061 22 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 5. Impingement rates, fish per hour and fish per year, for all fishes sampled from the Pilgrim Station intake screens, January-December 2010 (assuming 100% operation).

Estimated Annual Dominant Month of Species Fish Per Hour Rate Occurrence Total Collected Little Skate 0.018 112 July 8 American Eel 0.002 25 September 1 Blueback Herring 0.023 271 November 10 Alewife 2.465 12,680 July 1,078 American Shad 0.009 120 March 4 Atlantic Menhaden 0.213 1,403 August 93 Atlantic Herring 0.014 162 March 6 Rainbow Smelt 0.073 911 November 32 Atlantic Cod 0.005 53 January 2 Atlantic Tomcod 0.018 196 November 8 Red Hake 0.007 57 December 3 Spotted Hake 0.011 72 May 5 Mummichog 0.002 32 December 1 Striped Killifish 0.014 187 December 6 Atlantic Silverside 1.290 13,576 April 564 Threespine Stickleback 0.007 112 January 3 Northern Pipefish 0.009 131 November 4 Searobins 0.002 32 December 1 Grubby 0.016 181 March 7 Lumpfish 0.023 319 December 10 White Perch 0.002 17 October 1 Striped Bass 0.002 12 July 1 Atlantic Moonfish 0.016 114 October 7 Scup 0.005 26 August 2 Tautog 0.002 13 May 1 Cunner 0.043 535 December 19 Radiated Shanny 0.005 62 January 2 Rock Gunnel 0.005 43 April 2 Sand Lance 0.018 246 March 8 Butterfish 0.009 74 November 4 Smallmouth Flounder 0.009 90 April 4 Windowpane 0.009 93 April 4 Winter Flounder 0.089 1,005 March 39 Annual Totals 4.44 32,962 1,940 23 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 6. Hourly, daily, and estimated annual impingement rates for all species combined and annual dominants collected on the PNPS intake screens, 1980-2010.

Year Fish/Hour Fish/Year Dominant Species (Number/Year)

Cunner 1980 0.66 4,030 (1,043)

Atlantic silverside 1981 10.02 95,336 (90,449)

Atlantic silverside 1982 0.93 8,411 (2,626)

Atlantic silverside 1983 0.57 6,558 (1,586)

Atlantic silverside 1984 0.13 1,112 (245)

Atlantic silverside 1985 1.14 12,499 (4,417)

Atlantic herring 1986 1.26 9,259 (3,009)

Atlantic silverside 1987 0.28 3,155 (1,298)

Atlantic tomcod 1988 0.27 6,675 (1,578)

Atlantic silverside 1989 0.80 9,088 (2,838)

Atlantic silverside 1990 1.70 15,939 (4,761)

Atlantic herring 1991 3.38 32,080 (24,238)

Atlantic silverside 1992 0.63 5,397 (2,381)

Atlantic silverside 1993 2.78 24,105 (9,872)

Atlantic silverside 1994 5.97 50,439 (36,498) 24 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 6. (continued).

Year Fish/Hour Fish/Year Dominant Species (Number/Year)

Alewife 1995 5.87 62,616 (39,884)

Atlantic silverside 1996 3.11 30,264 (16,615)

Atlantic silverside 1997 1.43 14,230 (6,303)

Atlantic silverside 1998 1.30 14,303 (6,773)

Atlantic menhaden 1999 7.21 58,318 (42,686)

Atlantic menhaden 2000 9.25 103,968 (34,354)

Atlantic silverside 2001 1.78 15,636 (4,987)

Atlantic menhaden 2002 4.93 64,606 (53,304)

Atlantic menhaden 2003 25.58 179,608 (119,041)

Atlantic silverside 2004 2.85 33,591 (13,107)

Atlantic menhaden 2005 18.84 302,883 (277,607)

Atlantic menhaden 2006 3.26 29,711 (15,189)

Atlantic menhaden 2007 10.24 163,036 (154,832)

Atlantic silverside 2008 1.41 11,821 (6,167)

Atlantic menhaden 2009 2.15 24,779 (12,528)

Mean 4.32 46,448 Atlantic silverside 2010 4.44 33,457 (13,576) 25 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. Species collected on the Pilgrim Station intake screens, 1980-2010.

Common Name Species 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x American Eel Anguilla rostrata x x x x x x American Plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides American Shad Alosa sapidissima x Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus x x Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Moonfish Selene setapinnis x x x x x Atlantic Seasnail Liparis atlanticus x x x x x Atlantic Silverside Menidia menidia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Tomcod Microgadus tomcod x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli x x x x x x Bigeye Priacanthus arenatus x Black Ruff Centrolophorus niger x Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata x x x x x x x Black Spotted Stickleback Gasterosteus wheatlandi x x x Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix x Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus x x x x x x x x x Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dogfish see below Flying Gurnard Dactylopterus volitans x x Fourbeard Rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius Fourspine Stickleback Apeltes quadracus x x 26 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. (continued).

Common Name Species 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Fourspot Flounder Paralichthys oblongus x x x x x x x x Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum Golden Redfish Sebastes norvegicus Goosefish Lophius americanus Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gulf Stream Flounder Citharichthys arctifrons Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus Hakes (red and white) Urophycis spp. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Hogchoker Trinectes maculatus x Little Skate Leucoraja erinacea x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Longhorn Sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus x x Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus x x x x x x x Northern Kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis x Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Northern Puffer Sphoeroides maculatus x x x x x Northern Searobin Prionotus carolinus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Ocean pout Zoarces americanus Orange Filefish Aluterus schoepfii x Planehead Filefish Monacanthus hispidus x Pollock Pollachius virens x x x x x x x x x x x x Radiated Shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata x x x x x x x x x x x x Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rock Gunnel Pholis gunnellus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Round Scad Etrumeus teres x x Sand Lance Ammodytes sp. x x x x x x x x 27 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. (continued).

Common Name Species 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Sculpin sp. Myoxocephalus spp. x x x Scup Stenotomus chrysops x x x x x x x x x x x Sea Raven Hemitripterus americanus x Seaboard Goby Gobiosoma ginsburgi Searobin sp. Prionotus sp.

Shorthorn Sculpin Myxocephalus scorpius x Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearus x x x x x x x Silver-rag Ariomma bondi x x Smallmouth Flounder Etropus microstomus x x x Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis x x x x x x x Smooth Flounder Pleuronectes putnami Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthus x x x Spot Leiostomus xanthurus x Spotted Hake Urophycis regia Striped Bass Morone saxatilis Striped Cusk Eel Ophidion marginatum x Striped Killifish Fundulus majalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x Striped Searobins Prionotus evolans x x x x Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus x x x x x Tautog Tautoga onitis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Weakfish Cynoscion regalis Weitzman's Pearlside Maurolicus weitmani x White Perch Morone americana x x x x Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Winter Flounder Pleuronectes americanus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Winter Skate Leucoraja ocelata x x x x Yellowtail Flounder Limanda ferruginea x x x 28 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. (continued).

Common Name Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x American Eel Anguilla rostrata x x x American Plaice Hippoglossoides platessoides x American Shad Alosa sapidissima x Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus x x Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Moonfish Selene setapinnis x x x x x x x Atlantic Seasnail Liparis atlanticus x x x x x x Atlantic Silverside Menidia menidia x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Atlantic Tomcod Microgadus tomcod x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli x x x x x x Bigeye Priacanthus arenatus Black Ruff Centrolophorus niger Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata x x x x x x Black Spotted Stickleback Gasterosteus wheatlandi x x Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix x Butterfish Peprilus triacanthus x x x x x x x x x x x x Crevalle Jack Caranx hippos x x Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Dogfish see below x Flying Gurnard Dactylopterus volitans x Fourbeard Rockling Enchelyopus cimbrius x Fourspine Stickleback Apeltes quadracus x x 29 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. (continued).

Common Name Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Fourspot Flounder Paralichthys oblongus x x x x x x Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum x Golden Redfish Sebastes norvegicus x Goosefish Lophius americanus x Grubby Myoxocephalus aenaeus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Gulf Stream Flounder Citharichthys arctifrons x Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus x Hakes Urophycis spp. x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Hogchoker Trinectes maculatus Little Skate Leucoraja erinacea x x x x x x x x x x x x x Longhorn Sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus x x x x Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus x x x x x x Northern Kingfish Menticirrhus saxatilis Northern Pipefish Syngnathus fuscus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Northern Puffer Sphoeroides maculatus x x x x Northern Searobin Prionotus carolinus x x x x x x x x x x Ocean pout Zoarces americanus x x x Orange Filefish Aluterus schoepfii Planehead Filefish Monacanthus hispidus Pollock Pollachius virens x x x x x Radiated Shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rainbow Smelt Osmerus mordax x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Rock Gunnel Pholis gunnellus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Round Scad Etrumeus teres Sand Lance Ammodytes sp. x x x x x x x x x x x 30 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 7. (continued).

Common Name Species 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Sculpin sp. Myoxocephalus spp. x Scup Stenotomus chrysops x x x x x x x x Sea Raven Hemitripterus americanus x Seaboard Goby Gobiosoma ginsburgi x Searobin sp. Prionotus sp. x x Shorthorn Sculpin Myxocephalus scorpius Silver Hake Merluccius bilinearus x x Silver-rag Ariomma bondi Smallmouth Flounder Etropus microstomus x x x x x x x Smooth Dogfish Mustelus canis x x x Smooth Flounder Pleuronectes putnami x Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthus x x x x x Spot Leiostomus xanthurus Spotted Hake Urophycis regia x x Striped Bass Morone saxatilis x x x x x x x Striped Cusk Eel Ophidion marginatum x x x Striped Killifish Fundulus majalis x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Striped Searobins Prionotus evolans x x x Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus x x x x x Tautog Tautoga onitis x x x x x x x x x x x x x Threespine Stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus x x x x x x x x x x x x x Weakfish Cynoscion regalis x x x Weitzman's Pearlside Maurolicus weitmani x x x White Perch Morone americana x x x x x x x x x Windowpane Scophthalmus aquosus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Winter Flounder Pleuronectes americanus x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Winter Skate Leucoraja ocelata Yellowtail Flounder Limanda ferruginea x x x x 31 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 8. Monthly extrapolated totals for invertebrates impinged on the PNPS intake screens, January - December 2010.

2010 Common Name Species Summary Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ribbon worm Nemertean 129 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96 Nereis Nereis sp. 916 0 673 163 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 Nephtys Nephtys sp. 325 0 0 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Squid Loligo pealeii 455 0 0 0 0 111 234 23 70 0 17 0 0 Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus 61 0 0 0 0 25 24 12 0 0 0 0 0 Sevenspine Bay Shrimp Crangon septemspinosa 6,368 1,763 2,250 649 1,503 62 0 0 0 0 0 109 32 American Lobster Homarus americanus 350 40 0 65 0 123 0 0 0 0 17 73 32 Spider Crabs Libinia spp. 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 Cancer Crabs Cancer spp. 2,301 235 337 130 106 234 210 69 14 121 244 505 96 Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 Green Crabs Carcinus maenas 999 275 22 33 64 62 24 46 14 49 65 217 128 Lady Crabs Ovalipes ocellatus 218 0 0 98 22 0 0 12 0 0 49 37 0 Starfish Asterias spp. 282 40 0 0 43 86 24 0 0 25 0 0 64 Number of Species 13 5 4 8 6 7 5 5 3 5 5 6 6 Extrapolated Totals 12,454 2,353 3,282 1,496 1,781 703 516 162 98 245 392 978 448 Number of "Collection Hours" 437 19 32 23 34 61 31 65 54 30 46 20 23 Impingement Rate (fish per hour) 1.41 3.68 5.29 2.61 2.70 1.04 0.71 0.35 0.28 0.34 0.70 1.70 1.07 32 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 9. Extrapolated totals for invertebrates collected at Pilgrim Station from the intake screens, January - December, 1980 - 2010.

Species 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 American Lobster Homarus americanus 7,482 3,828 4,596 6,044 0 5,483 112 0 46 323 Amphipod Amphipoda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 233 53 Arctic Lyre Crab Hyas coarctatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Barnacle Cirripedia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bloodworm Glycera sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus 0 0 0 7,494 0 0 11 0 0 0 Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis 44,708 154,266 0 0 5,966 6,598 9,195 49,823 4,891 3,309 Brittle Star Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 Cancer Crab Cancer spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 49 0 158 Caridean Shrimp Caridea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 446 Clam Worm Nereis spp. 8,589 6,521 0 8,213 0 0 58 149 133 329 Common Periwinkle Littorina littorea 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 30 24 0 Gammarid Shrimp Gammarus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glass Shrimp Dichelopandulus leptocerus 0 11,177 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Green Crab Carcinus maenas 4,582 3,828 4,279 4,664 1,750 4,490 447 220 311 362 Hermit Crab Paguridae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus 3,610 4,167 3,962 11,906 993 4,617 842 88 718 721 Isopod Isopoda 0 0 0 0 0 9,124 11 542 266 170 Japanese Shore Crab Hemigraphus sanguineus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jellyfish Cnidaria 0 744 0 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lady Crab Ovalipes ocellatus 8,939 8,975 6,125 5,304 5,243 4,859 263 31 0 341 Mysid Shrimp Mysidacea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mantis Shrimp Squila empusa 0 0 6,736 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 Nephtys Nephtys spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nudibranch Nudibranchia 0 0 0 0 0 0 236 2,767 2,684 246 Oligochaete worm Orbiniidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Penaeid Shrmip Penaeidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polychaete worm Polychaeta 0 0 11,207 0 0 7,159 99 5,004 5,530 638 Ribbon worm Nemertean 0 10,427 8,975 0 0 0 74 1,558 348 90 Rock Crab Cancer irroratus 3,891 5,352 2,836 4,210 3,142 6,701 446 2,767 1,725 1,215 Roundworm Nematoda 0 0 0 0 6,711 0 0 0 79 0 Sea Anenome Actinaria 9,771 0 0 0 0 0 59 0 196 0 Sea Urchin Echinoidea 6,858 8,259 15,661 8,952 3,772 8,483 45 1,215 222 855 Sevenspine Bay Shrimp Crangon septemspinosa 6,657 11,038 4,893 7,199 2,584 23,243 1,778 5,903 4,043 3,456 Softshell Clam Mya arenaria 0 0 0 9,682 0 0 0 0 0 0 Spider Crab Libinia spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 Squid Loligo spp. 7,988 16,567 13,473 3,881 4,506 5,327 240 39 328 660 Starfish Asterias spp. 3,596 6,849 5,531 6,768 482 7,766 302 35 2,215 2,934 Tunicate Tunicata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 36 Twelve-scaled Worm Lepidodontus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified crab 0 0 10,463 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 116,669 251,997 98,736 85,257 35,150 93,850 14,237 70,218 24,051 16,354 33 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 9. (continued).

Species 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 American Lobster Homarus americanus 410 631 1,050 1,554 993 619 986 383 429 606 Amphipod Amphipoda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Arctic Lyre Crab Hyas coarctatus 10 12 10 22 13 0 0 0 0 0 Barnacle Cirripedia 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bloodworm Glycera sp. 0 0 0 0 48 31 21 0 0 0 Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis 209 742 14 0 35 0 0 34 0 0 Brittle Star Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cancer Crab Cancer spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Caridean Shrimp Caridea 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 Clam Worm Nereis spp. 10 70 226 648 1,086 1,417 510 96 97 420 Common Periwinkle Littorina littorea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gammarid Shrimp Gammarus spp. 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glass Shrimp Dichelopandulus leptocerus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Green Crab Carcinus maenas 272 597 622 1,013 1,643 1,395 1,358 906 550 950 Hermit Crab Paguridae 9 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus 340 421 1,128 1,616 519 183 190 131 71 37 Isopod Isopoda 9 73 106 50 13 76 27 0 10 0 Japanese Shore Crab Hemigraphus sanguineus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jellyfish Cnidaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lady Crab Ovalipes ocellatus 90 466 44 49 10 40 44 64 53 35 Mysid Shrimp Mysidacea 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 Mantis Shrimp Squila empusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 55 0 15 Nephtys Nephtys spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Nudibranch Nudibranchia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 312 0 26 Oligochaete worm Orbiniidae 0 0 0 0 48 0 21 0 0 0 Penaeid Shrmip Penaeidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polychaete worm Polychaeta 0 0 25 100 0 0 40 0 0 26 Ribbon worm Nemertean 45 10 42 155 18 64 0 27 0 78 Rock Crab Cancer irroratus 565 893 215 1,207 813 1,607 1,337 244 113 360 Roundworm Nematoda 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sea Anenome Actinaria 0 0 58 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 Sea Urchin Echinoidea 72 63 61 61 95 82 60 71 31 31 Sevenspine Bay Shrimp Crangon septemspinosa 1,019 1,573 2,825 1,705 6,876 5,740 16,342 907 9,570 7,861 Softshell Clam Mya arenaria 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 Spider Crab Libinia spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Squid Loligo spp. 605 296 445 360 760 2,270 309 343 1,145 1,013 Starfish Asterias spp. 1,661 1,812 61 675 351 147 113 534 222 1,885 Tunicate Tunicata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Twelve-scaled Worm Lepidodontus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unidentified crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 5,352 7,702 6,934 9,249 13,390 13,671 21,389 4,107 12,290 13,371 34 Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Ecology Studies 2010 Impingement Monitoring Table 9. (continued).

1980-2009 Species 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Mean 2010 American Lobster Homarus americanus 631 112 145 321 140 1,025 278 519 54 0 1,293 350 Amphipod Amphipoda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 Arctic Lyre Crab Hyas coarctatus 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Barnacle Cirripedia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bloodworm Glycera sp. 0 24 0 0 0 16 15 0 0 0 5 0 Blue Crab Callinectes sapidus 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 251 25 Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis 0 21 0 183 0 288 819 135 0 0 9,375 0 Brittle Star Ophiuroidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Cancer Crab Cancer spp. 100 1,467 1,224 1,954 0 479 462 858 258 1,170 273 0 Caridean Shrimp Caridea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 Clam Worm Nereis spp. 1,809 302 147 478 392 1,055 53 15 316 399 1,118 916 Common Periwinkle Littorina littorea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Gammarid Shrimp Gammarus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Glass Shrimp Dichelopandulus leptocerus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 373 0 Green Crab Carcinus maenas 2,277 1,378 569 426 111 68 265 314 177 279 1,337 999 Hermit Crab Paguridae 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Horseshoe Crab Limulus polyphemus 26 0 0 0 0 22 57 14 0 0 1,213 61 Isopod Isopoda 0 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 0 Japanese Shore Crab Hemigraphus sanguineus 0 0 47 36 21 0 60 0 0 35 7 0 Jellyfish Cnidaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 56 0 Lady Crab Ovalipes ocellatus 0 27 135 27 0 0 0 14 0 0 1,373 218 Mysid Shrimp Mysidacea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Mantis Shrimp Squila empusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 228 0 Nephtys Nephtys spp. 0 0 0 0 0 11 23 667 0 0 24 325 Nudibranch Nudibranchia 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 209 0 Oligochaete worm Orbiniidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Penaeid Shrmip Penaeidae 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Polychaete worm Polychaeta 0 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 997 0 Ribbon worm Nemertean 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123 93 738 129 Rock Crab Cancer irroratus 3,134 0 0 0 634 0 0 0 0 0 1,447 2,301 Roundworm Nematoda 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 228 0 Sea Anenome Actinaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 337 0 Sea Urchin Echinoidea 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 1,833 0 Sevenspine Bay Shrimp Crangon septemspinosa 26,959 7,030 7,165 7,925 15,622 9,283 1,728 1,544 3,575 7,505 7,118 6,368 Softshell Clam Mya arenaria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 324 0 Spider Crab Libinia spp. 26 0 12 0 0 72 0 0 45 0 6 25 Squid Loligo spp. 1,961 903 878 545 36 64 850 468 299 62 2,221 455 Starfish Asterias spp. 0 1,206 274 61 26 45 51 76 36 97 1,527 282 Tunicate Tunicata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 Twelve-scaled Worm Lepidodontus spp. 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Unidentified crab 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 349 0 Total 36,939 12,622 10,609 11,979 16,990 12,428 4,661 4,624 4,883 9,667 34,646 12,454 35 Normandeau Associates, Inc.