ML20198M139
| ML20198M139 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 11/30/1985 |
| From: | Belmore C, Hillman R, Mcgrath R BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20198M125 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8606050271 | |
| Download: ML20198M139 (142) | |
Text
I I ANNUAL REPORT For the Period December 1,1984 to November 30,1985 I -
I I
STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION to GPU Nuclear Corporation May 15,1986 I by I R.E. Hillman, CJ. Belmore, R.A. McGrath, and 3.M. Boslet l
I I i I BATTELLE New England Marine Research Laboratory I 397 Washington Street Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 I
Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes.
8606050271 860519 I PDR R
ADOCK 05000219 PDR
I I
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page MANAGE MENT S U M MARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I g mR O D U cTIO N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 PATTERNS OF SPECIES AB UN DANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Abundance and Distribution of Teredo navalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Abundance and Distribution of Bankia gouldi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria cf. tuberculata_ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 C ON C L USIO N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 I RE FEREN CES CITE D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 LIST OF TABLES I Table 1. Numbers of Teredinids in Long-Term (6-Month) Panels Submerged June 1984 Through May 1985 and Removed Sequentially From December 1984 Through November 1985 .......................................................... 4 Table 2. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-Term Panels Removed Monthly From December 1984 Through November 1985 ............. 6 L5T OF FIGURES Figure 1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations o f Exposure Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APPENDIX A E X POS U RE PA NELS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 I APPENDIX B I BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
APPENDIX C B-1 l
WA TE R Q U A LIT Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 I
i I
1 i
I MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of 1 populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June 1975, at the request of Jersey Central Power & Light Company, which owns the Oyster Creek l Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS), operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation. This report covers the period from December 1,1984 through November 30, 1985, and includes a discussion of the patterns of distribution, abundance, and reproductive activity of woodborers observed since the beginning of the program.
During the present report period, only two species of molluscan woodborers I were identified from either short-term or long-term panels. These were the teredinids, l Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi. A few specimens too small to be identified to species were collected and categorized as Teredinidae, but they were probably one or the other of the above mentioned species.
The crustacean woodborer, Limnoria cf. tuberculata was collected from six stations, none of which was in the area affected by the discharge of OCNGS.
I The total abundance of 10,353 teredinids collected over the present reporting period represents an increase of over twice the 4756 individuals collected during the previous reporting period. It also represents the first increase in total borer abundance in over five years. The principal reason for the overall increase was the increase of Teredo navalis at Station 1 (Barnegat Inlet), from 4138 individuals collected during the previous period to 10,050 individuals collected during the present period. The combined abundance at the remaining 19 stations decreased by over 50 percent, from 618 individuals last year l
I to 304 this year. Station 1 accounted for over 97 percent of all teredinids collected in long-term panels over this year's study period.
The distribution patterns of T. navalis have remained consistent since the beginning of the study in 1975. Most T. navalis occur at Stations 1,11, and 17, with occasional elevated abundances'at Station 2. l The long-term decline in the abundance of Bankia gouldi, which was abated somewhat last year, was evident again this year, with only 42 individuals being collected I from 7 of the 20 stations. Most B_. gouldi (31 of the 42) were collected at Stations 11 and 12.
I Gonad development patterns of T. navalis and B_. gouldi remained consistent with those reported previously.
I I
I STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION by R.E. Hillman, CJ. Belmore, R.A. McGrath, and 3.M. Boslet I
INTRODUCTION The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of populations of woodboring mo!!uscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June 1975 at the request of the Jersey Central Power & Light Company (JCP&L) which owns the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS), operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation.
The OCNGS has used salt water from Barnegat Bay as condenser cooling water since the plant began commercial operation in December 1969. The thermal effluent from the plant enters Oyster Creek approximately two miles inland from Barnegat Bay (Figure 1). Oyster Creek flows into tha bay about one mile south of Forked River, which provides water to the intake of the plant's cou!!ng system. Recirculation of water from the Oyster Creek discharge canalinto Forked River has been calculated to occur between 4 and 22 percent of the time (M. Kennish, GPU Nuclear Corporation, personal communication), with some of the effluent also flowing south towards Waretown. The morphology and flow direction of the thermal plume are variable, being dependent primarily on the wind with some tidal influence. Consequently, organisms in Oyster Creek and contiguous waters are sometimes exposed to water temperatures above ambient bay levels.
A heavy outbreak of teredinid woodboring molluscs in the Oyster Creek area in the early 1970s raised concern about the possible effect of the operation of the OCNGS on I woodborer populations in Oyster Creek and in the Barnegat Bay system. This study has been conducted in an effort to determine whether the operation of the OCNGS is indeed having an impact on the distribution, abundance, and/or reproductive patterns of the various species of teredinids occurring in the bay.
I
2'
- g,9 MANASQUAN 3RIELLE INLET d point
% ASO PLEASANT I
INTRACCASTAL #
WATERWAY CANAL MANTCLOKING 13 I M E CREEK s
I .
I -
, t6 SLOCP I NOLLY PARK ATLANTIC OCEAN O
gg STOUTS CREEK to 105 ( SEDGE ISLANO 1 3
I OYSTER CREEK 5$
010A OYSTER 6
\o p SARNEGAT INLET I NUCLEAR GENERATING WARETOWN BARNEGATBEACH 1 SARNEGAT l @
l CONKLIN l
$ PANEL ARRAY ISLAND 0 f 2 3 MELES h
SARNEGAT INLET. NEW JERSEY Lataude 39 45 8 N y Lor 9tude F4 04.0 W f
g M FIGURE 1.OUTUNE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS
,I
I 3 I This report covers the sampling year from December 1, 1984 through November 30, 1985, with some comparisons between these data and those of previous years. Data concerning shipworm distribution and abundance are detailed in Appendix A.
Gonad developmental patterns are described in Appendix B, and water quality data collected over the study period are detailed in Appendix C.
I PATTERNS OF SPECIES ABUNDANCE I The abundance of teredinids occurring in long-term (6-month) panels is summarized in Table 1. The total abundance of 10,354 teredinids collected during the I present reporting period represents an increase of over twice the 4756 individuals collected over the same time period last year (Hillman et al.,1985). It also represents the first increase in total borer abundance in over five years.
The increase in total abundance does not give a true picture of the patterns of abundance in Barnegat Bay, however. The primary reason for the overall increase in total abundance was an increase of teredinids at Station 1 from 4138 individuals during the previous reporting period to 10,050 during the present reporting period. On the other hand, combined abundance at the remaining 19 stations decreased by over 50 percent, from 613 individuals collected last year to 304 found in the panels during the present reporting period. Only two stations other than Station 1 demonstrated increased abundance of teredinid borers this year: Station 4A, where 11 individuals were collected, representing an increase of 10 over last year's total; and Station 10A, where 9 individuals were collected this year versus 7 over the same period last year. No borers were collected at four stations (Stations 3, 6,10, and 16) during either reporting period.
Abundance declined at each of the remaining 13 stations.
During the previous reporting period, four stations, Stations 1,11,14, and 17, accounted for 97 percent of all teredinids collected in long-term panels. This year, Station 1 alone produced 97 percent of all teredinids in long-term panels. Station 11 accounted for a little over 2 percent of the total, and each additional station where borers were collected accounted for less than 1 percent.
The monthly abundance pattern was generally similar to that of the preceding reporting period. Most of the shipworms at Station I were collected in panels placed in I the water monthly from June through October, with about one-third of them coming from the panel removed in October. At Station 11, most of the collected teredinids occurred in panels placed in the water monthly from February through May, and retrieved monthly from August through November, a pattern similar to that reported last year.
M M -
M M M M M M M M TABLE 1. NUMBERS
- OF TEREDINIDS IN LONG-TERM (6-month) PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE 1984 THROUGli MAY 1985 AND REMOVED SEQUENTIALLY FROM DECEMBER 1984 TilROUGH NOVEMBER 1985 Site Submerged: Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Removed: Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total No. % Total 1 350 500 1800 1100 3500 50 1000 600 650 500 10,050 97.06 2 2 1 3 0.03 3 0 0 4 0 0 4A 2 1 1 5 2 11 0.01 5 3 1 4 0.04 6 0 0 7 1 1 2 0.02 8 2 1 1 2 3 1 10 0.10 9 1 1 0.01 10 0 0 10A i 1 1 1 3 2 9 0.09 10B 0 0 11 22 12 6 1 6 6 34 43 47 56 233 2.25 12 S 2 2 1 13 0.13 13 1 1 0.01 14 0 0 15 2 2 3 2 9 0.09 16 0 0 17 1 3 3 7 0.07 Because of large numbers of microscopic life stages, many numbers at Station 1 are approximate (1 2%).
I I
Teredinids were recovered from short-term (1-month) panels only during July, August, September, and November 1985; and only at Stations 1 and 11 (Table 2). A total of 1702 teredinids were recovered from short-term panels,746 fewer then were collected last year, a decrease of about 30 percent. On the other hand, a total of 46 teredinids were collected in short-term panels at Station 11 during the present report period, an increase of 35 over the number collected at Station 11 last year, and 30 more than the number collected in short-term panels from all stations other than Station 1. For the first time during the study, no specimens identified as.Bankia gouldi or Bankia spp. were collected in short-term panels throughout the sampling year.
Abundance and Distribution of Teredo navalis Teredo navalis was collected at 9 of the 20 stations during the present report period, with most of the specimens coming from Station 1. Of a total of 1145 T_. navalis identified from long-term panels (see Table A-20, Appendix A), and 50 from short-term panels (see Table 2),1020 individuals were collected at Station 1. This does not include an additional 3380 individuals from long-term panels and 1606 individuals from short-term I panels which were too young to have been identified to species, but which were probably T. navalis.
Analysis of spatial variation in T. navalis densities during the present report period produced the following grouping of stations (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p - 0.05):
Stations: 34569 10 10B 12 13 14 16 7 2 17 4A S 10A 15 11 1 Comparisons among station means for T. navalis abundance, using all available data, produced the following grouping:
Stations: 16 6 13 4 5 3 12 10 4A 10B 9 8 7 10A 14 15 2 17 11 1 These observations are essentially the same as those reported in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al., 1985). They indicate the significantly greater abundances of T.
navalis in the Barnegat inlet area (Stations 1 and 17) and at Stations 2 and 11 over the duration of the study.
I
!I 1
! 6 TABLE 2. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1984 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1985*
T = Teredinidae; Tn = Teredo navalis i
Site Jul Aug Sep Nov i 130 T 1050 T,50 Tn 46T 380 T ,
2 ;
i 3 1 4
4A 5
6 7
8 9
10 10A 10B 11 6T 40 T 12 13 14 15 16 17 I
- Short-term panels removed December 1984 through June 1985; and October 1985 were free of teredinid borers.
I I
I 7 I The results of analyses of T. navalis densities by bioyear (i.e., July of Year A to June of Year B to show spawning season) indicated that only tne 79/80 bioyear was significantly different from any of the other years of the study.
Bioyear: 77/78 83/84 73/79 81/82 82/83 76/77 79/80 During that bioyear, there was an unusually large number of T. navalis collected at Station 11 (Table A-20, Appendix A).
These results are again similar to those reported previously, and indicate that I there has been no overall statistically significant trend in T. navalis densities over the past several years.
Gonad development patterns in T,. navalis populations in the Barnegat Bay area continue to be consistent with those reported previously (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985). A few early active stages were found in December and January, but these probably represented development begun in the fall and arrested by falling water temperatures as winter approached. Normal early active development was most evident in February and March. Ripe gonads were first seen in March and persisted in samples through August.
Spawning and setting occurred throughout the spring, summer, and early fall, with early and late active stages dominating the fall samples.
Abundance and Distribution of Bankia gouldi I
Bankia gouldi occurred in long-term panels at 7 of the 20 stations from December 1984 through November 1985. Of the total of 43 individuals, only 4 were collected af ter February: 2 in August and 2 in October. The long-term trend in the decline in abundance of B. gouldi discussed in previous reports (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985) has continued to the point that this species is becoming relatively uncommon in the study area. Of the seven sites at which B_. gouldi occurred during the present report period, it was dominant at three and at none of these three stations did it co-occur with Teredo navalis.
An analysis of spatial variation in B_. gouldi densities during the present report period produced the following station grouping:
Stations: 2 17 16 1361084 10B 7 13 14 9 15 10A 4A 5 12 !!
This is a slightly different pattern than was developed last year in that the station alignment is somewhat different. Statistically, there is little difference. Station 11 continues to be the station at which most B. gouldi are collected.
l
8 I
i l
Comparisons among stations, using all availab.e data, produced the following grouping:
Stations: 2 17 16 1 3 9 6 4A 10 8 4 15 10B 7 5 10A 12 13 14 11 This pattern is virtually identical to that presented in the previous report (Hillman et al.,
1985), and is generally similar to that reported in previous years.
Comparison of Bankia gouldi abundance across bioyears, using data from all complete bioyears, produced the following pattern:
Stations: 32/83 84/35 31/82 78/79 80/81 33/34 77/73 76/77 79/80 The pattern reflects the decline in B,, gouldi abundance over the past several years.
The seasonal gonadal development pattern for B,. gouldi in the Barnegat Bay area continued to be similar to that reported throughout the study. Early active stages were found from December through May. Ripe gonads were found in May, and spawning continued throughout the summer and early fall. By late fall, most specimens were in the spent phase.
I Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria cf. tuberculata I During the present report period, the crustacean woodborer Limnoria cf.
tuberculata was present at Stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 4A,10A, and 11. The occurrence of L. cf.
tuberculata at Stations 10A and 11 is very uncommon.
Attack at Stations 2 and 4A continued to decline sharply. It increased slightly at Station 3, but is still relatively low at that site.
l I CONCLUSIONS The following conclusions were reached on the basis of data collected since July 1975:
I $
- 1. Bankia gouldi has continued to decline significantly in the Barnegat Bay area. During the present report period, it was collected at only 7 of the 20 stations, a decrease of 3 stations over the same period last year.
- 2. Although the actual number of Teredo navalis collected during the present report period more than doubled over the total I collected last year, about 99 percent came from Station 1, while abundances generally declined at the other Barnegat Bay stations.
- 3. Reproductive patterns of both Teredo navalis and Bankia Rouldi have remained consistent, and apparently unaffected by the OCNGS discharge.
- 4. Attack by the crustacean woodborer Limnoria sp. continued to be moderate. During the present report period the species was I collected at Stations 10A and 11, stations at which it is not usually found.
I I
I I
I I
I 10 REFERENCES CITED Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath.1985. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1983 to November 30, 1984 to GPU Nuclear Corporation.
Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
I I
I I I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I
- I I
I I
I 4 ,eesoix s g
I I
I 1
i
- I I
- I
!I
APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PANELS Table of Contents Page in trod ucti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
""'""*"""""'""' ^-'
I ' '
Field ...............................................................
A-1 Labora tory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 S tatistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Resul ts and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 i Modifications to Panet Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-16 Species Iden ti fied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Short-Term (1-Mon th) Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Long-Term (6-Mon th) Pane 1s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-25 Species Distribution and Dominance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37 Teredo nav a li s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-37 Banki a Rould . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49 De s tructi on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-,3 Lon g-Term (12-Mon th) Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-62 g u _ oseae.......................................................... A.6, R e f e ren ce s Ci ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-68 I
List of Tables Table A-1. Geographical Locations of Battelle New England Marine I Research Laboratory's Exposure Panel Arrays in Barne gat Bay, New Je r sey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Table A-2. Rating Scale for Teredinid and Limnorid A ttack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 I
I I i I List of Tables (continued)
I Table A-3. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-Term Panels Removed Monthly from December 1984 Through November 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 I
1 Table A-4. Total Amount of Teredinid Settlement in Short-Term Panels from July 1975 Through November 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19 I Table A-5. Summary of Number of Occurrences of Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, Teredo spp., Bankia spp., and Teredinidae on {
Short-Term Panels in Barnegat Bay ............................. A-21 :
Table A-6. Percent Destruction of Short-Term Panels Removed Monthly from December 1984 Through November 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23 I Table A-7. Mean Percent Destruction of Short-Term Panels Removed During the July through November Period,1975 Through 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24 Table A-8. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed December 10-11, 1984 .. A-26 Table A-9. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed January 14-15, 1985 .... A-27 Table A-10. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed February 11-12, 1985 ... A-28 Table A-II. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed March 11-12, 1985 ..... A-29 Table A-12. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed April 8,1985 ...... A-30 Table A-13. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed May 13-14,1985 . . . . . . . A-31 Table A-14. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed June 10-11,1985.......
I Table A-15. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed July 8-9,1985 ........
A-31 A-32 Table A-16. Incidence of Teredinidae in Pancis Removed August 12-13, 1985 ..... A-33 Table A-17. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed September 9-10,1985 .. A-34 Table A-18. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed October 14-15,1985.... A-35 Table A-19. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed November 11-12 1985 ........................................................ A-36 Table A-20. Number of Teredo navalis in 6-Month Panels Removed July 1975 Th rough Nove m be r 19 8 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-38 Table A-21. Number of Bankia gouldi in 6-Month Panels Removed July 1975 Through November 1985 .................................. A-41 I
I ,
I I
I List of Tables (continued)
Table A-22. Presence and Dominance of Species of Teredinidae in Long-Term I Panels Removed from December 1984 Through November 1985 ..... A-44 Table A-23. Analysis of Variance of Loge (1 + Abundance) of Teredo navalis I Based on Long-Term (6-Month) Panels Removed July 1976 Through November 1985, With the Exception of Panels Removed in A pril, Ma y or J une . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46 Table A-24. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Teredo navalis Based on Long-Term (6-month) Panels Removed July 1976 Through November 1985, With the Exception of Panels Removed in I A p ril, May or J une . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47 Table A-25. Analysis of Variance of Loge (1 + Abundance) of Bankia gouldi I Based on Long-Term (6-month) Panels Removed July 1976, Through November 1985, With the Exception of Panels Removed in A p ril, M a y o r J une . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-50 Table A-26. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Bankia gouldi Based on Long-Term (6-Month) Panels Removed July 1976 Through November 1985 With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, Ma y o r J une . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-51 Table A-27. Average Percent Destruction to Lon Seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............................
. . . .g-Term Panels Over BreedingA-57 Table A-28. Rank of Stations in Descending Order of Teredinid Attack . . . . . . . . . . A-58 Table A-29. Number of Times Each Station was Ranked in Each of the First Ten Places in Terms of Percent Teredinid Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-59 I Table A-30. Relative Ranking of Stations in Terms of Percent Teredinid Attack from 1975 Through 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-60 I Table A-31. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Panels Submerged May 14-15,1984 and Removed May 13- 14, 198 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-63 Table A-32. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Panels Submerged I June 11-12,1984 and Removed June 10-11,1985 .................. A-64 l Table A-33. Incidence of Limnoria in 6-Month (P) and 1-Month (C) Exposure Panels Removed December 1984 Through November 1985 ......... A-66 I
I
I I
I List of Figures Figure A-1.
I Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geo Exposure Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................
. . . . graphical Locations of A-2 Figure A-2. Exposure Panel A rray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8 Figure A-3. Rating of Teredinid A ttack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 eigu,e A-.. .ating o,Limno,ie Attace ..................................... A-1, g
Figure A-5. Percent Destruction by Teredinids to Long-Term (6-month) Exposure Panels from July 1975, through November 1985 .................. A-54 Figure A-6. Average Number of Limnorid Tunncis in Long-Term (6-month)
Panels from 1976 Through 198 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-67 I )
I I
I ;
i I
I I
I
l lI A-1 APPENDIX A I EXPOSURE PANELS Introduction The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of the populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June 1975 at the request of the Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Since that time, racks of exposure panels have been deployed at 17 to 20 stations in the bay, in an effort to determine whether the operation of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS)is having an effect on the distribution, abundance and/or reproductive patterns I of woodborers found in the bay.
Previous reports (Richards et al., 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980; Maciotek-Blake et al.,1981,1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984, 1985) presented results of the study for each annual period. The present report discusses data collected from Decembsr 1,1984 through November 30,1985, and presents an analysis of data collected since the initiation of the program in 1975.
Materials and Methods Field I
Exposure panel arrays are maintained in Barnegat Bay at 20 stations (Figure A-1, Table A-1). The 17 original stations, studied since June 1975, were selected to include locations that were representative of different environmental regimes within the bay, as well as areas determined to be within and beyond the influence of the thermal discharge from the OCNGS. One station (4A) was added in April 1977, and two stations (10A and 10B) were added in April 1978. The original site for Station 16 was discontinued following the November 1981 co!!ection and relocated in December 1981. That site was again relocated in June 1982. At the time of the November 1983 panel exchange period, the exposure panel rack at Station I was moved to the opposite side of the bulkhead and about 40 feet closer to shore. The exposure panel rack at Station 7 was I
A-2 40 MANASouAN WLET I
SalELLE
- POINT 4AS PLEASANT I INTRACCASTAL -
WATERWAY CANAL MANTOLOKING e
- E CREEK I .
O DE g 18 SLOOP I CREEK HOLLY PAAM ATLANTIC OCEAN q C*
12
$70073CAEEK 10 '08 P SEDGE ,
ISLANO I 9Q
$$ OYSTER
((CAEEK j 8
- SAANEGAT INLET OYSTER CREEK 4 I STA WARETOWN BAANEGAT BEACH 4A
{
)
)SARNEGAT CITY I . P.NEL ... =N
=
\
I 0 I 2 3 o
A MILES 4
I SAANEGAT INLET. NEW JERSEY Laidwee 39 45 8 N
%tuce T4 080 w J
[
Y l
.t I 2 'I t
I FIGURE A-1. CUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY k
SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC
{l l
LOCATIONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS
m M M M M M M m m m m m m TABLE A-1. GEOGRAPillCAL LOCATIONS OF BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY'S EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAYS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY Structure to be Used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude i Barnegat Coast Guard Finger Pier WC1 Lat. 390 45.8'N Station, Barnegat inlet Bulkhead WFCL 1948-1967 Long. 740 06.5'W 2 Ashton Marina Bulkhead WC 13,14 Lat. 390 40'N 1450 Bay Ave.
Long. 740 13'W Manahawkin i
3 Iggie's Marina Bulkhead Y WC 16,17,18,19 Lat. 390 45'N "
East Bay Ave.
Long. 740 12.5'W Barnegat (Conklin Island) 4 Liberty Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC21 Washington Ave. Lat. 390 47'N R. Turner Long.740 ll'W Ware town Rutgers U.
4-A* Holiday Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC21 Lighthouse Drive Lat. 390 48'N R. Turner Long.740 ll'W Waretown Rutgers U.
5 Mouth of Oyster Creek, Dock WC 29, 30 Lot 4, Compass Road Lat. 390 48.5'N Rutgers U. Long. 74010.3'W OfIshore End 6 Oyster Creek No. I Dock Lagoon, Inshore End Lat. 390 48.5'N 37 Capstan Drive Long. 740 10.35'W
M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-1. (Continued)
Structure to be Used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude 7 Private Dock End of Dock WC 27,28 Lat. 390 48.5'N Dock Ave. R. Turner Long. 740 ll.!'W Oyster Creek Rutgers U. .
Sands Pt. Harbor Waretown 8* 1500 Ft. East of Bulkhead WC 26 Lat. 390 48.7'N Oyster Creek-R.R. Bridge Rutgers U. Long. 74012'W Discharge Canal >
+
9* Forked River Metal Pier WC 31 Lat. 390 49.2'N South Branch Long. 74012.2'W Intake Canal 10 Teds Marina Pier WC 33,34 Lat. 390 50.I'N Bay Ave. Long. 740 ll.6'W Forked River 10A
- Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 390 49'N 1217 Aquarius Ct. Long. 740 10'W Forked River 10B* Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 390 49.4'N 1307 Beach Blvd. Long. 740 10.I'W Forked River 11 Forked River Bulkhead WC35 Lat. 390 49.7'N (near mouth) Rutgers U. Long. 740 10'W 1413 River View Drive
M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-1. (Continued)
Structure to be Used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude 12 Stouts Creek Bulkhead WC 38,40,41 Lat. 390 50.5'N 1273 Capstan Drive R. Turner Long. 740 08.8'W Wurtz Rutgers U.
13 Rocknak's Yacht Basin End of Pier WC 46 Lat. 390 52'N Seaview Ave. Long. 740 09'W Lanoka Harbor Cedar Creek 14 Dicks Landing Pier WC 49 Lat. 390 54'W P island Drive
- R. Turner Long. 740 08.I'W Bayville (Holly Park) Nelson 15 Winter Yacht Basin Inc. Pier WC57 Lat. 400 02.5'N Rt.328 Long. 740 03.5'W Mantoloking Bridge 16* Be.-kely Yacht Basin Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 55.9'N
- 3. S tree t Long. 740 04.9'W Seaside 16 A
- Municipal Dock Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 36.6'N Seaside Heights Long. 740 04.9'W 16B* Bayside Boats Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 56.6'N State Highway No. 35 and Long. 740 04.9'W Bay Boulevard Seaside Heights, N3
M M M M M M M M -
M M .I TABLE A-1. (Continued)
Structure to be Used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude 17 Island Beach Pier WC 68 Lat. 390 47.I'N State Park Long. 740 05.9'W i
(Sedge Island)
! All exposure panel racks suspended in a minimum water depth at mean low water of at least three feet. Racks hung with nylon line from existing structures so the bottom panels are close to, but not touching the bottom.
WC = Woodward-Clyde WFCL = William F. Clapp Laboratories P or Site 4-A installed April 1977.
Sites 10A,10B installed April 1978.
Site 16 discontinued November 1981.
Site 16A installed December 1981 - discontinued June 1982.
Site 16B installed June 1982; referred to as Station 16 in subsequent tables.
Sites 8 and 9 moved from original locations November 1983.
E A-7 relocated into deeper water at the end of the same dock. Station 8 was changed to a company-owned doc.k about 200 feet nearer the mouth of Oyster Creek. Also, Station 9 was changed to a, company-owned property about 2000 feet closer to the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. All of the stations are accessible by land, and all panel arrays are placed near or suspended from existing structures such as docks and bulkheads.
The panels are mounted on an iron frame (Figure A-2) that is submerged vertically to within 6 inches of the bottom. Each array consists of seven 25.4 cm x 8.9 cm x 1.9 cm untreated soft pine panels, plus two similar panels that have received a 20-pound treatment of marine-grade creosote. Panels labeled I through 6 are exposed for 6 months and are referred to as "long-term panels" or "P." The panel exposed for 1 month is called the "short-term panel" and is labeled "C." In addditic,n, two "special panels" are mounted on each rack. These "special panels" are exposed for 12 months, and are removed and replaced in May and June of each year. These panels provide specimens for histological analysis of the gonads (see Appendix B), and also yield additional data on the occurrence of woodborer species in Barnegat Bay (see below).
The field work was taken over by GPU personnel in March 1982, and they are now responsible for preparation, replacement, and shipment of the panels to Battelle's laboratory in Duxbury, Massachusetts, where the panels are processed for borer abundance and distribution information. The procedures for preparation and replacement are similar to those used by Battelle until March 1982.
Panels are seasoned for two weeks in sterilized seawater before being placed on the array. During the second full week of each month, one long-term and one short-term panel are removed from each array and replaced with a new seasoned panel. Upon removal, each panel is wrapped in newspaper and placed in an ice-filled cooler for shipment to Battelle. Creosoted panels are not removed, but are cleared of fouling organisms and inspected h situ for evidence of attack by woodboring limnorid isopods.
Laboratory At the laboratory, panels are refrigerated until they are examined.
Examination of each panel includes determination of the species, numbers, and size of the borers (Teredinidae and Limnoridae) present, and the extent of destruction of the panel (Table A-2, Figures A-3 and A-4). Notations of sexual conditions and presence of larvae I are made if appropriate. The primary reference sources used for species identification are Turner, 1966,197I; Bartsch,1903; Pucushotham and Raos,1971; Clapp,1923,1925; I
F I
I I A-8 I
I I , /
I f ..
i i
l
~ . . .
5 5 I ' * * *
- 1 : .. = .. _
.. .. = .. _
I I
FIGURE A-2. EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAY.
I I
I I
I I
I A-9 I TABLE A-2. RATING SCALE FOR TEREDINID AND LIMNORID ATTACK Teredinidae No. of Tubes Percent Per Panel Filled
- Attack Rating 1-5 5 Trace 6-25 5-10 Slight 26-100 11-25 Moderate I 101-250 251-400 400++*
26-50 51-75 76-100 Medium heavy Heavy Very heavy
- Percent filled depends upon size of specimens present in panels.
- Arbitrary number assigned to panels76-100 percent filled.
{ Limnoridae No. of Tunnels Total No.
Per Sq. Inch of Tunnels _ Attack Rating 1
1-85 Trace 10 86-830 Slight 25 851-2125 Moderate 50 2126-4250 75 Medium heavy 4251-6375 Heavy 100* (
6375-8500 Very heavy
- Ratings of approximately 100 per square inch indicate the maximum density beyond which it is impossible to count.
l
I A-10 TEREDINIDAE
.: 4it- >
a
'. 'i '4 k{'*'*f , t ' '
- {
lf.f ..k 3 s v.
'j l*,,I .
' II.i5 BY'j lhl _ f, j'y
- I
. l. o . . t - r4
}f ..p' : .% ;
5 ;* .
, ,, t : " - .
r '; r !
if
- I .' ' t t* ep is j ' U. 9 P '. : ,. ' ,.1
{.
f p
[l -
t.% h.
v.d
'9 l
a i l g
, ' " i ': 0 ,f ,, N
- .*'A c hI
~
l l i).;,[ : '
i g,e,
- y.3 s q*1' e 3, e .>r, 9~I.7' W: ;
Y.fi e
I
~-
O t 2 f
/ *',.' :' '
L** * ?g .. i ),,J
%.-): a
' el-
/ ,
t j fe , ,IP -
.] h;;
. ?
- J .a * -
?.]f '
' f' - .. .*
4
.'g.
- c. <, S {,p, ,
a, e
. .; e . . . . n;..
Trace Slight Moderate f: . w. ..
... $:7';?: -
l g $
t'. .;
If k , .,
- f4.}
l 4y.v.. -a- .
n f'.
i
,= . m..g
.: n
..u
- 6. * ; f
- , 'Ms l
.e t.
p!
i .
i i .~., . ' L'e vs. .
' ~
,.I
.4
- t- t J
.a.'%E.[: .
- 1.; YM .
i .-
g h
K: ?.: T , .. .w.
.:,:~.u,,;
. Q . , .e t ?.
.., Jd, .: .. . ..y+.s w??,"G' a t r3 w:
5s I jg ?
l' % ,. , : :,:2 .
, 't . -
$9 Ws6.P g uoaerarety neavy neavy Very Heavy FIGURE A-3. RATING OF TEREDINID ATTACK
- - . . . - - - - . . - - - - - - . . _ . - . . - . . - . . - . ~ . . . . - _ _ _ . - _ . - . , - - . - . . - -
A-11 I LIMNORIDAE
. ' . . ' . . i ' k /.*'
" /,,-t ...
-.. '. :.- f,:[q
',*.E
.r,. . ! u ,3.,
. .f ,(, ..,',,(o$ , ,, O
, e . ., . i. . ,. ; ,.
M',"*.[..e [3;.s /
~ q, i- . .. .l .
r ,.
- ,,.. 2 '
g . & ..a. : ...t. .
. . ,'. },p,:
p *;.i ',', . . , q.1o,,Q[f'y..; 5.> W,.g:,g.>q.y-). .
.g,:3 . .
- .l1
'.$$w{,Y.'-l.,5',b)(!ilp. .$
l -
1
. %y
.. c :-
,x.a
,, :,vw.s.,.w4,y..:-
e .,, e w ,,
y
- 1, q.,. .
.J,.e ,
l ...t 4..
~< .o
\- ,;9-i 3a -
- :< g -
,3 p# l ".E l
2 . r; ,-
v,.
@e% 's un g' d6
@ 3't. 5>?, .
' . o 6
"::i & ,I
- + .. .jh,,.#..,., ~
1, n . .,.y a...4
~
y, . .u . ( .,u y ,
. .. , : .g .
~
I at
. 'f, .!' lg, . ' .
'i [:,
.. c;. . n.
.a.r. .
. . . g. . n . . . .. . w.. ...s..
g
,.. 'f; . . \
, . i . .> ,
g
. ,2 ant ud c L. w -
Traee Slight Moderate I q ll? 'g' s
- Vs ' ;
,(> .
Q Q ., y-j . ._. , , ; ...
%,~ .
f(*- fGi},Q+Q'Q.)_;'5.5.,g C';. '.q .. & ,- g '.'\
%;W/y/,
,N .! ,.i,c '
. .. 3r %,.M.q; :
'!l W; h&
~fge { ibN'$.. $ny .
,. Wii
- ,.to 4
.ju '
- .i,?.: .:,%
- q. V' #,?.O;W.)
~
~Q f: .~,)
-J . m.e
- f. . ;
. ..T.S~%.',\
f4ykg.
-sia, '.
.r A..j,'*: .- h(-
W 3 ;* g 5^
.: .c.~.
- t
- 4.ha w s .
I ,.-
s
)
a~ , *
~
..%f4 y:Y'Q:.ff, l'M
, s' .# -
.,;/ ~
.?
u,
.a - c 7>- , .
k d 9 6'h E :/\a -
[
- 4 g ig . .'9' e h4
- ~
y E
- - Qf. ; -) . yt2
~. ':. it'W t-r2, ;; Q
.) . i ,.c's %'
$"?'k'@M iPf6BYN ' ~
9d 4 l l c
.t
.: b AR h . . ,
^
gis
. $# l ;tfy %;..n i: mls M RS::2E'-sand wX3MS.?s, '
S.
n . ., Qi . .
Moderately Heavy Heavy Very Heavy FIGURE A-4. RATING OF LDINORID ATTACK
- - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -l
I A-12 and Menzies, 1951, 1959. Verification of identifications are periodically requested from Dr. Ruth Turner, Harvard University or Dr. K. Elaine Hoagland, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.
Statistical Analysis I Data reduction and analysis for this report followed procedures used for previous reports. Most analyses were conducted using the VAX 11/780 computer system at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the SPSS-X statistical package. Changes in SPSS since the previous report required complete rewriting of all analytical programs but did not affect either the procedures or their application.
As in previous years, few organisms were found on the short-term panels and I statistical analyses were carried out on data from long-term (6-month) panels only.
Parameters analyzed included presence / absence and abundance of Bankia gouldi and Teredo navalis, percent destruction, and various physical parameters.
Analyses of variance were carried out on presence / absence data and toge (abundance + 1) for B. gouldi and T. navalis. Tests were run on data collected from January 1976 through November 1985 and also on data from the most recent calendar year I (December 1984 through November 1985) and the most recent complete bioyear (July 1984 through June 1985). Data from 1975 were excluded because of the incomplete data set collected in that year. Extremely few specimens have been recorded from long-term panels removed in April, May, and June; therefore, these months have also been excluded from certain analyses. Based on our previous examination of their negligible impact on the data set (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1981) occasional long-term panels that may have been exposed for less than the full six months were included.
I In previous years, the factorial ANOVA was conducted on both the original factors of month, station, and biological year (i.e. "bioyear" - July to June, corresponding to the breeding season of the Teredinidae) and the summary factors of season, region, and bioyear. In order to simplify fitting the ANOVA model, two-way and three-way interactions were based on these summary factors. The computer resources necessary to process this ANOVA increase as the square of the product of the number of categories for each factor. Hence, as the data set increases linearly each year, the computing resources needed to process it increase exponentiall<.
With the addition of this year's data, the ANOVA program (Nie et al.,1983) using original factors (month, station, bioyear) would require more memory than is I
I
I A-13 presently available on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's VAX/ll-730 computer.
Accordingly, we have conducted the analysis using only summary factors and are continuing to investigate alternative solutions for this problem. The summary factors are derived by grouping the months into seasons (winter = January, February, March; spring (deleted for biological variables) = April, May, June; summer = July, August, September; I and fall = October, November, December) and stations into regions (Region 1 (near OCNGS) = Stations 5,6,7 and 8; Region 2 (south) = Stations 2,3,4 and 4A; Region 3 (east)
= Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near north) = Stations 9,10,10A,10B and 11; and Region 5 (north) = Stations 12,13,14,15 and 16B). Both groupings are the same as those used in previous reports.
Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were used to quantify the systematic I variation detected by the analysis of variance procedures. This output, which is a display rather than a particular test, provides information about the patterns of effects of each factor, and therefore, about the reasons underlying significant effects observed in the analysis of variance calculations. It is appropriate only if the interactions among factors are not practically or statistically significant.
The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted deviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of each factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These I adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e.,
main effects only and not interactions) and estimating the effects of the levels of each factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and unadjusted deviations should be similar.
The Bonferroni t-statistic (Miller, 1966) was used to compare means of treatment levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that l I have been observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity.
Let R1 , R2, Ak be k sample means based on N1 , N 2, ...Nk observations respectively. Let Mg, M2r Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample averages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor under study.
Let s2 = error SS/ error df denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on y degrees of freedom.
l -
I A-14 Suppose we wish to make r pairwise comparisons among M1 , M2 , ...M k . For example, to test Ho: Mi = Mj i / j = 1, ., k we must make r = k (k-1) pairwise 2
I comparisons.
He will be rejected at significance level a if i j t(v;1-a/2r) i j I for any pair i, j where t ( y; I - a/r) is the upper a/2r point of the Student t distribution This procedure leads to the confidence intervals B
xi - E' - t ( V; 1-a/2rl s V1 + 1 "/2 )s V1 + 1 nj 1Mt-M3 iXi-73+t ( p; 1 I
ni ni n)
I with overall probability 1-a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. The means Mi , Mj are significantly different if the confidence interval does not contain zero.
Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Range Test is used to compare the means of treatment levels following an analysis of variance, in order to determine the reasons for significant effects that have been observed. It is based on a succession of tests utilizing Tukey's studentized range statistic.
Let 21 , R2 ' Akdenote the sample averages in groups 1,2, ... k based on ni, n2, ... nk observations respectively. Let pi, p2, ..., pk, be the corresponding population means. Let s2 denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on y d.f. _
The SNK procedure assumes ni, = n2 = nk, but minor differences in the nj's can be tolerated.
We wish to determine which means are statistically significantly different from one another at significance level a.
i R d i(3)
Let Ri (1) 3 i(2) A < ... < X (k)i denote the ordered mean values, from l
l smallest to largest. Let pi(1), pi(2), > Pi(k) denote the corresponding population means. 1
)
I I
I A-15 ,
Let q (1- a; y , r) denote the upper a point of Tukey's studentized range statistic with y degrees of freedom and based on r groups.
H X i(k) - E i(1) 5.q(1-a;v,k) then all the means pi, P2, > k are declared to be equal.
The procedure we use accommodates slightly unequal nj's by comparing X -
i(k) i(1) w th q (1-a;v,0 s 1/2 /1_ + 1_ .
3
("i(k) "i(1)j I E 1(k) - Ei(1) 2.q(1-a;v,k)
I /s 1/ 2 /1 g"i(k)
+ 1 "i (1)j
)
I then compare 1(k-1) 1(1) ,
_1) s 1/2 / 1 +1 T
("i(k) "i(2)j and compare I ) 1(2) with q(1-a;v,k-1) s 2 1 + 1
\
Y "i(k) "i ( 2 ))
I I l
. .. ..l
I A-16 If, for example, Xi (k-1) - Si (1) is not significantly large, then p i(i), p i(2) P ii (k-1) are considered to be not significantly different.
This process is continued with subsets of size k-2 within significant subsets of size k-1; subsets of size k-3 within significant subsets of size k-2, etc. At each stage I -
A 1(p+h)
_i 1(p) is compared with q(1-a;v,h+1) s 1 l i +1
] 1(p+h) 1(P)/
I At the conclusion of this process, the means pi, pj are declared significantly different at I level a if R i, Xj did not fall within any nonsignificant subset.
An unweighted least squares regression fit of the destruction data on species abundance data was made. This regression analysis was carried out using the Regression procedure of SPSS-X. Analysis of variance was carried out on residuals of the regression fit.
I Results and Discussion I Modifications to Panel Exposure During the present report period, there were some deviations from the routine protocol. These are reported below. None was considered serious enough to affect the overall data base.
At Station 1, because of destruction of the panel due to heavy borer attack, the long-term exposure panel in the Number 1 position was removed in November 1984 instead of January 1985 as scheduled. Similarly, the long-term panel that was due for I replacement in June 1985 was removed in April. The replacements were, however, made at the appropriate time. At the December 1984 sampling, the rack was found lying on the bottom and was resuspended.
The exposure panel rack at Station 4A was found out of the water at the time of the panel exchange in June. It was resubmerged at that time, but was again found out of the water at the July sampling. It was again resubmerged.
The rack at Station S was partially out of the water at the September I sampling, and was fully resubmerged at that time.
I A-17 The short-term panel was missing from the rack at Station 11 at the February 1985 sampling.
The racks at Stations 13 and 14 were found lying on the bottom at the August 1985 sampling, and were resuspended.
In October 1985, the rack at Station 16 was moved 20 feet closer to the shore because of dock repairs.
In January 1985, there was ice at Stations 2, 3, 4A, 6,12,14,16, and 17. In February, there was slushy ice at Stations 2, 4, and 7, with more extensive cover at Stations 3, 4A, 5,6,9,12,16, and 17. A thin film of ice covered the areas at Stations 8 and 11.
Species Identified I
For the third consecutive report period, only two species of molluscan woodborers, the teredinids Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi, were identified from short-term and long-term panels. Teredo bartschi, a key species in previous years, has not been recovered from any panels since February 1982. A fourth species, ,T,. furcifera, which was of concern during the early years of the program, has not been identified from any panel since March 1977.
Crustacean woodborers, identified as Limnoria cf. tuberculata (see Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982), were again found at several stations.
Short-Term (1-Month) Panels I Short-term panels, those exposed for a 1-month period, provide data on the annual occurrence of shipworm larval settlement, the stations at which settlement occurs, survival of the juveniles, and the amount of growth that can take place in one month. The I species and numbers of teredinids found in short-term panels during the present report period are shown in Table A-3.
Settlement of teredinid larvae on short-term panels occurred at only two stations during the present report period, Stations 1 and 11, and it was very light at Station 11.
Settlement was first encountered in the July panels, and extended into November at Station 1, but only into August at Station 11. The heaviest settlement was in August.
Most of the teredinids were too small to be identified to species, but were probably I Teredo navalis. For the fourth consecutive year, no settlement was ooserved at Station 7, I
A-18 TABLE A-3. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS I REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER 1984 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985*
T = Teredinidae; Tn = Teredo navalis I Site Jul Aug Sep Nov
)
1 130 T 1050 T,30 Tn 46T 380 T 2
3 l 4
5 I 6 7 l 8 :
9 10 10A 10B I 11 12 6T 40 T I
13 14 15 16 17 l
I
- Short-term panels removed December 1984 through June 1985, and October 1985 were free of teredinid borers. i I
I
m m m M M m m m m m m m M m W W m TABLE A-4. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TEREDINID SETTLEMENT IN Si1 ORT-TERM PANELS FROM JULY 1975 TilROUGli NOVEMBER 1985 Site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1 8199 1090 654 1015 535 88 1396 1425 2353 2372 1656 2 17 2 1 8 1 1 3 9 2 4 6 2 3 4
, 4A 6 5 4562 2 4 75 754 4 9 2 6 2886 1 15 171 2 7 4 3 241 2983 3698 10 301 8 1 4 1 1 >
9 1 1 G 10 2 2 5 10A 1 54 1 3 1 10B 6 1
, 11 375 71 28 5 378 14 6 33 6 12 46**
12 34 1 5 1 13 4 1 2 3 13 142 10 9 4 16 1* 15 14 308 20 8 8 69 2 12 65 15 3 5 1 3 1 16 2 17 117 3 6 19 13 l Totals 16,667 1207 957 4108 5731 127 1729 1483 2457 2389 1702
- No panels examined in October and November.
- No panel examined in February.
l l
l A-20 !
l a site at which considerable settlement occurred during the summer months of the first two years of the study.
Two report periods ago, settlement on short-term panels occurred at nine stations (Hillman et al.,1984). A year ago,it was reported from only five stations (Hillman et al., j 1985). Data from the present report period reflect an apparent sharply downward trend in settlement of teredinid larvae in the Barnegat Bay system.
A comparison of the total numbers of teredinids settling on short-term panels each I year from July 1975 through November 1985 is shown in Table A-4. Total set during the present report period was down about one-third less than during the previous report period, with over 97 percent of the set occurring at Station 1. The total of 1702 individuals in short-term panels during the present report period is substantially higher than the number reported in 1980, for example, but settlement occurred over a much broader range in 1980 than during the present period. As indicated above, most of the I settlement was at Station 1 (Region 3), an area not affected by the zone of thermal influence. Much of that settlement probably came from spawning individuals located outside of Barnegat Bay proper.
Individuals are infrequently identified to species from short-term panels because their size is usually less than 10 mm, and specific taxonomic features are not fully distinguishable. During this report period, Teredo navalis was identified only at Station 1, and only in August. No Bankia gouldi were specifically identified from any short-term I panels during this period.
Over 2000 short-term panels have been examined since the beginning of this program in 1975. Summaries of the family, genus, and species identifications made from the panels are given in Table A-5. Teredo furcifera, not collected since March 1977, has been excluded. The vast majority of identifications were to the family level for the reasons stated above.
Destruction of short-term panels by woodboring larvae remained minimal because of the small size of the organisms. For the most part, it amounted to less than 1 percent of the panels (Table A-6), except in August at Station 1, where destruction was 2 percent.
I This pattern is similar to that noted last year, but it is in sharp contrast to the patterns recorded in recent years when destruction of short-term panels was as much as 75 percent (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1932).
The mean percent destruction of short-term panels for each year fro.n July 1975 i
through November 1985 is shown in Table A-7. In general, mean destruction of short-term l panels was lighter during the present report period than at any other time during the study, again reflecting the decrease in settling larvae.
I
I A-21 TABLE A-5.
SUMMARY
OF NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, Teredo spp., Bankia spp., AND TEREDINIDAE ON SHORT-TERM PANELS IN BARNEGAT BAY Months are Grouped by Season (Winter = Jan, Feb, Mar; Spring = Apr, May, June; Summer = Jul, Aug, Sep; Fall = Oct, Nov, Dec), and Stations are grouped by Region: Region 1 (near OCNGSh Stas. 5, 6, 7, 3; Region 2 (southh Stas. 2, 3, 4, 4A; Region 3 (easth Stas.1,16,17; Region 4 (near northh Stas. 9,10,10A,10B,11; Region 5 (northh Stas. 12,13,14,15.
I Year No. Season No. Region No.
Teredo navalis: Identified a Total of 2050 Times 1975 0 Winter 0 1 0 1976 72 1977 70 Spring 0 2 6 1978 0 I 1979 1980 1981 373 1369 0
Summer Fall 2050 0
3 4
1933 111 I 1982 1983 1984 61 40 15 5 0 1985 50 Teredo bartschi: Identified a Total of 313 Times 1975 0 Winter 0 1 293 1976 0 1977 22 Spring 0 2 14 1978 12 I 1979 1980 1981 270 8
1 Summer Fall 290 23 3
4 0
6 I 1982 1983 1984 0 0
0 5 0 1985 0 Teredo spp.: Identified a Total of 5858 Times 1975 3797 Winter 0 1 174 1976 450 1977 2 Spring 0 2 11 I
1978 151 1979 29 Summer 4457 3 5574 1920 1
. 1981 14 Fall 1401 4 98 ll 1982 13 5 1983 1 5 1 1984 1400 1985 0 l
'I
I A-22 l
TABLE A-5. (continued)
I I Year No. Season No. Region No.
I *Bankia spp.: Identified a Total of 718 Times 1975 593 Winter 0 '1 21 1976 16 1977 21 Spring 0 2 5 1978 12 1979 39 Summer 718 3 3 1980 12 1981 16 Fall 0 4 286 1982 3 1983 1 5 403 1984 3 1985 0 Teredinidae: Identified a Total of 28,730 Times 1975 11425 Winter 0 1 14339 1976 670 1977 842 Spring 0 2 35 1978 3895 1979 5020 Summer 25595 3 13394 1980 113 I 1981 1982 1983 322 1406 2415 Fall 3135 4 5
551 361 1984 970 1985 1652 I
- Includes Bankia gouldi and Bankia spp.
I I l I
I
- I
A-23 I TABLE A-6. PERCENT DESTRUCTION OF SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER 1984 THROUGH I NOVEMBER 1985*
I Site Jul Aug Sep Nov i <1 2 <1 <1 2
3 4
4A 5
7 8
9 10 10A 10B 11 <1 <1 12 13 14 15 16 17
- Teredinids were not present in short-term panels removed December 1984 through June 1985, and October 1985.
- I
M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-7.MEAN PERCENT DESTRUCTION OF SilORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED DURING TIIE JULY TilROUGli NOVEMBER PERIOD,1975 TilROUGli 1985*
Site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1 13.0 3.6 2.8 1.6 4.4 0.8 16.0 3.4 2.4 1.4 1.0 2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 3 0.4 0.4 4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 4A - -
0.4 5 14.0 a
- 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 i
6 11.6 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 7 1.0 *
- 0.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 0.8 0.8 Y 8 0. 3 *
- 0.2 m 0.2 0.2
- 9 ** 0.2 0.2 10 0.4 0.2 0.4 10A - -
0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 10B - - -
0.4 0.2 4
11 9.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 5.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 *
- 12 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 13 3.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 *
- 0.4 14 11.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.4 0.4 ' O.4 0.4 15 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 16 0.2 0.2 17 3.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 Station 4A established April 1977.
Station 10A and 10B established April 1978.
<l% destruction treated as 1% in averages.
- Incornplete data.
A-25 Long-Term (6-Month) Panels I Regular long-term panels are those exposed for a 6-month period. The results obtained from these panels give an integrated view of woodborer activity, including reproduction, settlement, and survival, over the entire period for which the panel has been exposed. Numbers and species of teredinids found in the long-term panels during tne present reporting period are shown in Tables A-8 (December 1984) through A-19 (November 1985).
Panels submerged in June 1984 and retrieved in December 1984 (Table A-8) contained specimens ranging from less than 1 mm up to 295 mm. The 295-mm specimen, a Bankia gouldi, was collected at Station 10A. At the same time last year, specimens up to 460 mm were collected, the 460-mm specimen, another B_. gouldi also coming from Station 10A. In addition, specimens were collected from 10 of the 20 stations in December, a decline of 2 stations from the previous year.
As in previous years, the size ranges of specimens collected during January and February (Tables A-9 and A-10) narrowed somewhat from those found in December. The largest specimen collected in January 1985 was 175 mm in length compared to a 260-mm specimen collected in January 1984. Both specimens were from Station 11 panels. In I February, the longest specimen collected was 135 mm at Station 11, whereas in February 1984, the longest specimen was 165 mm.
In addition to generally smaller specimens during January and February of the present report period as compared to the same months last year, the number of stations at which teredinids were collected in the first two months of 1985 was less than in 1984, declining from 12 to 8 in January, and from 12 to 6 in February.
Teredinids were collected in March (Table A-II) from Stations 1,8,11, and 13, and I ranged in length from less than 1 mm to 60 mm, the 60-mm specimen occurring at Station 1.
This pattern was generally similar to what was found during March of the previous Of the panels removed in April 1985, only those from Stations 1,8, and 11 contained teredinids (Table A-12), ranging in length from less than 1 mm to 5 mm. Almost all of the shipworms occurred at Station 1, and all probably represented the late fall set.
No teredinids occurred in panels removed in May (Table A-13) and June (Table A-I 14).
In July, only the long-term panels from Stations 1 and 11 contained teredinids (Table A-l5). Most of them occurred at Station 1, where they ranged in length from less than 1 l
t
A-26 TABLE A-8. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER 10-11, 1984 No.of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Identification Remarks I 1 P 350 97 2-130 45 T. navalis, 305 Teredinidae*
95% of specimens dead C 0 2 P 2 10 240-280 2 T. navalis C 0 4A P 2 6 160-230 2 B_. gouldi C 0 7 P 1 4 240 1 T. navalis C 0 8 P 2 <1 2-3 2 Te.edinidae*
C 0 10A P 1 5 295 1 B. gouldi C 0 11 P 22 70 2-270 11 B_. gouldi, 6_T_. navalis, 5 Teredinidae*
i C 0 12 P 8 7 60-105 8 B. gouldi C 0 ,
I 15 P 2 1 32-34 1 B,. gouldi
! J. navalis C 0 17 P 1 <1 5 1 Teredo spp.
C 0 l
Stations 3, 4, 5, 6, 9,10,10B,13,14, and 16B - No Teredinidae present. I P = Long-term panel submerged June 11-12, 1984.
C = Short-term panel submerged November 12-13, 1984.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
i
E A-27 TABLE A-9. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JANUARY 14-15, 1985 I Station Panel No. of Specimens Percent Size Range Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks 1 P 500* 99 <!-70 45 T. navalis, 90% of specimens 455 Teredinidae** dead C 0 4A P 1 1 80 1 B. gouldi -
C 0 5 P 3 5 125-150 3 B. gouldi I C 0 9 P 1 1 125 1 B_. gouldi C 0 10A P 1 1 115 1 T. navalis C 0 11 P 12 18 38-175 3 B,. gouldi, 8 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae*
- 12 P 2 2 72-135 2 B,. gouldi C 0 I 17 P 3 2 43-65 2 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae*
- C 0 i Stations 2-4,6-3,10,10B,13-16B - No Teredinidae present.
P = Long-term panel submerged July 9-10, 1934.
I C = Short-term panel submerged December 10-11, 1984.
- = Long-term panel removed 2 months early due to severe borer attack.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I l _ __ _
A-28 I
TABLE A-10. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANEL.S REMOVED FEBRUARY 11-12, 1985 No.of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in m m Identification Remarks 1 P 1800 99 <l-55 125 T. navalis, 1675 Teredinidae*
C 0 5 P 1 1 113 1 B_. gouldi C 0 I 11 P 6 4 16-135 2 B_. gouldi, 3 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae*
Teredinidae with broken pallets C++
12 P 2 2 70-80 2 B_. gouldi 1 C 0 15 P 2 1 37-53 2 T. navalis C 0 I 17 P 3 <1 5-45 2 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae*
~
C 0 Stations 2-4A,6-10B,13,14, and 16B - No Teredinidae present.
P = Long-term panel submerged August 13-14, 1984.
IC = Short-term
- panel submerged
= Not speciated due to size or January condition.14-15,1985.
- = Panel missing from rack, no panel examined.
I I
I
,, A-29 I
I I
TABLE A-11. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MARCH 11-12, 1985 No. of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Identification i 1 P 1100 15 <!-60 75 T. navalis, 1025 Teredinidae*
C 0 8 P 1 <1 12 1 T. navalis C 0 11 P 1 <1 2 1 Teredinidae*
C 0 13 P 1 <1 1 1 Teredinidae*
C 0 i
Stations 2-7, 9-10B,12,14 No Teredinidae present.
I P = Long-term panel submerged September 10-11, 1984.
C = Short-term panel submerged February 11-12, 1985.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
l I
I l I
I i
I A-30 I
I I
TABLE A-12. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED APRIL 8,1985 No.of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Identification 1 P 3500 2 <!-5 3500 Teredinidae*
C I 8 P 0
1 <1 4 1 Teredo spp.*
C 0 11 P 6 <1 1-2 6 Teredinidae*
C 0 Stations 2-7,9-10B,12 No Teredinidae present.
I P = Long-term panel submerged October 8-9, 1984.
C = Short-term panel submerged March 11-12, 1985.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I i
I I
I I
I
I A-31 I'
TABLE A-13. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MAY 13-14, 1985 No. of Percent Size Range Species i Station Panel Specimer.:. Filled in mm Identification I Stations 1 No Teredinidae present.
I I
TABLE A-14. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JUNE 10-11, 1985 i Station Panel No. of Specimens Percent Filled Size Range in mm Species Identification I Stations 1 No Teredinidae present.
l I
I I
E I
I l
I A-32 I
I TABLE A-15. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JULY 8-9,1985 I Station Panel No. of Percent Size Range Species Specimens Filled in mm Identification 1 P 50 <1 <!-l 50 Teredinidae+
C 130 <1 <!-2 130 Teredinidae+
11 P 6 <1 1-19 3 Teredo spp.,
3 Teredinidae*
C 6 <1 <!-2 6 Teredinidae+
1 Stations 2-10B,12 No Teredinidae present.
I I
P = Long-term panel submerged January 14-15, 1985.
C = Short-term panel submerged June 10-11, 1985.
, * = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I i
I I
I !
I I
I A-33 I TABLE A-16. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED AUGUST 12-13, 1985 I Station Panel No.of Specimens Percent Size Range Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks 1 P 1000 10 <l-70 400 T. navalis, Ripening gonads 600 Teredinidae*
I C 1100 2 <!-12 50 T. navalis, 1050 Teredinidae*
4A P 1 <1 6 1 Teredo spp.*
C 0 8 P 2 2 60-115 2_T_. navalis C 0 10A P 1 2 155 1 B_. gouldi i
I 11 C
P 0
34 5 <!-95 1 B,. gouldi, Many dead 17 T. navalis, 16 Teredinidae*
C 40 <1 <l-7 40 Teredinidae* Many dead I
Stations 2-4, 5-7, 9,10,10B,12 No Teredinidae present.
\
l W P = Long-term panel submerged February 11-12, 1985.
C = Short-term panel submerged July 8-9, 1985. l
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I I
I E
I 1
lt i
A-34 TABLE A-17. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED SEPTEMBER 9-10,1985*
I No.of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Identification Remarks 1 P 600 95 1-65 100 T. navalis, None alive 500 Te7edinidae*
- C 46 <1 <1-3 46 Teredinidae**
I 4A P 5 <1 <!-36 3 T. navalis, 2 Teredinidae*
- C 0 8*** P 3 1 1-97 2 T. navalis, None alive 1 Teredinidae 10A P 1 <1 65 1 T. navalis C 0 11 P 43 4 1-55 26 T. navalis, Two alive,41 dead 17 Teredinidae**
C 0 Stations 2-4,5-7,9,10,10B,12 No Teredinidae present.
i P = Long-term panel submerged March 11-12, 1985.
IC *
= Short-term panel submerged August 12-13, 1985.
= Panels from stations 4A, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 12 in refrigerator without power for 80 hours9.259259e-4 days <br />0.0222 hours <br />1.322751e-4 weeks <br />3.044e-5 months <br /> due to hurricane Gloria.
I ***
- * ==Rack Not speciated found out due to water.
of the size or condition.
I I
I
A-35 TABLE A-18. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANEL.S REMOVED OCTOBER 14-15, 1985 I
1 I Station Panel No.of Specimens Percent Size Range Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks I 1 P 650 99 l-65 100 T. navalis, 550 Teredinidae*
None alive C 0 2 P 1 <1 60 1. _T. navalis C 0 4A P 2 <1 40-57 2 T. navalis C 0 7 P 1 <1 45 1 T. navalis Dead. Tube empty I except for she!!s &
pallets C 0 8 P 1 1 95 1 T. navalis Dead. Tube empty I except for shells &
pa!!ets C 0 10A P 3 2 60-85
. > T. navalis I dead,2 alive C 0 11 P 47 25 8-200 1 B. gouldi, Only 5 alive, 31 T. navalis, rest dead 15 Teredinidae*
I.
C 0 12 P 1 4 255 1 B. gouldi C 0 15 P 3 2 'JJ 3_T_. navalis C 0 I Staticns 3,4,5,6,9,10,10B,13,14,16B and 17 - No Teredinidae present.
P = Long-term panel submerged April 8-9, 1985.
I C = Short-term panel submerged September 9-10, 1985.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I l
I A-36 l
!I TABLE A-19. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED NOVEMBER 11-12, 1985 I No. of Percent Size Range Species Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Identification Remarks 1 P 500 97 <l-65 80T. navalis, Less than 2%
420 Teredinidae* were alive C 380 <1 <1 380 Teredinidae*
10A P 2 1 48-105 2 T. navalis Both dead C 0 I 11 P 56 10 8-68 49 T. navalis 9 live, rest dead 7 Teredinidae+
C 0 15 P 2 38-180 2 2 T. navalis ! live, I dead C 0 Stations 2-10,10B,12-14,16B and 17 - No Teredinidae present.
l l P = Long-term panel submerged May 13-14, 1985.
C = Short-term panel submerged October 14-15, 1985.
- = Not speciated due to size or condition.
,I
'I I
I I l I
I
l E A-37 mm to 2 mm. At Station 11, only 12 specimens were collected, with a maximum length of 19 mm.
By August, the setting pattern (Table A-16) reflected the spring and summer spawning, and both the numbers of shipworms collected and their size range increased over what was observed in July. The broadest size range was at Station 11, where teredinids from less than 1 mm to 95 mm were ' collected. The largest specimen collected I in August, a 155-mm Teredo navalis, was co!!ected at Station 10A.
Shipworms were collected in long-term panels in September from Stations 1, 4A, S, l 10A, and 11 (Table A-17), but as in September of the previous year, only Station 1 produced a substantial number of organisms. Unlike during the previous year, however, there were no live specimens in the panels from Station 1. At Station 11, only two live l
specimens out of a total of 43 were found in the panels. The longest specimen found in September,97 mm, was from Stat'on 8, but there were no live specimens collected from i Station 8 either. No Bankia gouldi were co!!ected from any station in September. In l
1 i
previous years (e.g., Hillman et al., 1984, 1985), some of the largest B_. gouldi collected throughout the year were collected during the fall months. ]
The number of stations at which teredinids were collected in long-term panels in October (Table A-13) increased over the September total but most of the specimens were dead.
Only two Bankia gouldi were collected, the longest being 255 mm in length. By November, no B_. gouldi were collected from the four stations at which teredinids I appeared in long-term panels, and most of the other teredinids in the panels were dead (Table A-19). 1 i
i Species Distribution and Dominance. Tables A-20 through A-22 present a summary of the abundance of Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi, respectively, recorded from long-term panels since July 1975. Dominant species at each station are indicated in Table A-22.
Since no T. bartschi have been collected from the study area since February 1982, no summary data for that species are presented here. Information concerning T. bartschi can be reviewed in the annual report dated May 1984 (Hillman et al.,1984). A discussion of T.
I navalis and B_. gouldi collected on the 6-month panels follows.
Teredo navalis. Teredo navalis was collected in 6-month panels from 5 of the 20 st'ations during the period of December 1984 through March 1985, and from 8 stations during the warmer months of August through November 1985. In total,1145 individuals were collected at 9 of the 20 stations throughout the present report period. Teredo I
I A-38 l5 l
l_ TABLE A-20. NUMBER OF Teredo navalis IN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jul - - - - -
Aug - - - - -
I sn Sep - - - -
S Oct i 1 - - -
3 2 87 Nov I 3 10 2 90 1 2 Dec 17 4 3 - 1 - -
100 1 4 Jan --
5 - - -
156 3 103 Feb 60 6 -
1 1 - -
3 --
7 33 Mar 400 - - -
I Apr - - -
May - - -
$ Jun - - -
I m Jul - - -
Aug 37 - - -
Sep 423 23 I
1 - -
1 Oct 230 1 - 3 - -
13 8 Nov 400 -
2 - -
22 17 Dec 400 1 -
1 - -
11 1 22 I Jan Feb Mar 300 400 1
3 -
11 4
4 2
Apr - - -
May - - -
n Jun - - -
m Jul - - -
I Aug Sep Oct 160 300 1 1
1 1
1 Nov 390 I 6 1
Dec 380 1 - -
1 4 Jan 400 3 - -
2 4 Feb 375 - -
1 Mar 220 - -
5 Apr 2 - - 1 May l R Jun i 5 m Jul Aug i 1 1 l
Sep 115 I
1 1 l Oct 329 3 Nov 430 5 2 4 Dec 400 3 8 1 I -
I I
I A-39 TABLE A-20. (Continued)
Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 I '
l Jan 400 6 Feb 400 4 1
{
Mar 30 1 1 I ,
s Jun Apr May j
m Jul 19 '
" Aug 47 1 1 160 2 1 l Sep 450 20 1 2 1 2 80 2 12 3 l Oct 500 23 1 2 1 20 2 1 13 3 )
I Nov Dec Jan 500 17 100 23 220 13 1
1 1
1 1
2 3 1 3
1 2
1 2
1 1
110 1 1 3 7
1 4
3 7
l l
Feb 300 12 3 2 I 1 1 1 1 139 3 1 4 i
Mar 2 Apr o May I m Jun
$ Jul Aug 1 6 1 5
29 1 1 Sep 35 7 1 1 1 4 1 1 i Oct 200 11 1 3 8 1 2 Nov 300 11 11 6 Dec 300 1 3 I
1 Jan 350 Feb 72 1 3 2 6 Mar 3 1 I E Jun Apr May 1 1
$ Jul I
1 2 Aug 135 7 3 Sep 300 5 4 1 Oct 100 1 1 5 -
3 1 I Nov Dec Jan 190 65 45 1
2 2 2
1 1
4 3
Feb 60 8 1 2 2 Mar 23 Apr May I m
$ Jul Jun Aug 1 1
1 3 1 Sep I
400 4 55 1 1 3 Oct 150 2 1 1 48 1 5 Nov -
1 1 1 4 82 4 5 Dec 150 1 5 2 2 60 2 9 I
A-40 I
I TABLE A-20. (Continued) l Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 I 3an 100 1 1 2 57 2 19 Feb 4 27 I Mar Apr May 10 1
Q Jun I m
~
Jul Aug Sep 10 650 1 3
1 4 Oct 30 1 6 I Nov 25 3 1 1 10 Dec 2 3 15 Je 4 1 3 3 24 Feb 1 1 2 1 12 Mar 130 Apr I May ao Jun S Jul Aug 50 . 20 Sep 230 7 Oct 55 2 2 IS Nov 25 3 11 2 1 I Dec 3an Feb 45 2 45 125 1
1 6
3 3
1 2
2 2
l I m Mar Apr May 75 1 co Jun I S Jul Aug Sep 400 100 3 2
2 1 17 26 I Oct Nov 100 1 30 2 1 1 3 2
31 49 3
2 I *
- =
-=
= New rack submerged September,1975.
Panel station not in operation.
Par el missing.
- * = See Table A-1.
I l I .
I I
-_ - - --- - - - - . -m-, _m - - - - - , , , , _ - - ,m , _ . .
I A-41 I
I TABLE A-21. NUMBER OF Bankia gouldiIN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16'* 17 I $
Jul Aug Sep 2
4 13 51
- 933 2 42 263 14 4
27 337 16 100 335 1 323 45 340 400 3 5
3 2
$ Oct 3 2 47 - 135 3 2 27 374 50 399 400 4 I
4 1 Nov 1 4 4 26 - 8 100 5 2 12 - -
251 46 400 400 2 10 1 Dec 12 9 15 - 4 13 1 1 3 -
220 13 399 400 2 1 Jan -- 2 14 10 - 9 160 1 1 3 - -
240 22 64 400 6 1 I Feb Mar Apr 2 1 5-2 1 1 -
64 3 -
3 May I
n Jun - - -
g Jul -
1 2 - - 4 2 Aug 2- 2 2 2 1 - -
6 2 24 7 3 I Sep Oct Nov 1 3-1-
5-3 4
1 2 1
2 4
5 3
1 1
1 1
1 23 11 33 5
3 7
31 26 20 17 11 19 7
2 1
I Dec 4 3 2 1 5 - -
31 6 21 10 3 Jan -
1 2 - -
42 6 5 2 Feb 2- 1 1 1 - -
31 2 2 Mar -
I Apr - - -
May - -
s Jun - -
m I "
Jul Aug Sep 1
2 1 6 1 3 4 1 1
1 15 32 1
3 13 5 1 5
1 Oct 3 3 7 I
1 2 - -
59 7 10 9 Nov i 5 7 1 - -
39 7 3 5 Dec 1 4 1 7 1 2 - -
25 7 13 9 Jan 2 11 1 2 2 2 1 - -
34 5 4 6 I Feb Mar Apr 1 1 1 May I .
8 3
Jun Jul Aug 1 2 7 1 2 1 I Sep Oct Nov 4
1 i
1 1 1
1 2 1 2
5 3
2 14 30 10 2
7 6
3 9
9 13 1
1 Dec I 1 1 2 2 1 5 2 3 1 13 5 I
I A-42 TABLE A-21. (Continued)
Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan I
3 2 1 1 8 3 17 1 Feb 1 2 17 Mar Apr I ,
n May Jun 05 Jul
" 1 23 i
I Aug Sep Oct 3
2 3
2 2
3 1
1 1 4 23 28 1 130 2 100 5 150 16 31 5
17 28 11 29 66 36 1
Nov 1 3 1 --
2 33 3 6 20 36 41 I Dec Jan Feb 1 6 4 2 2
4 4 3 1
5 3
1 1 2 23 23 7
3 3
7 4
21 57 23 12 2 2 64 12 3
1 3
Mar Apr May co Jun I $ Jul Aug Sep 3 1 1 3 13 i
2 29 12 1 1 I Oct Nov D_ec, 4
2 3 4 1
1 1
1 17 3
1 1
2 13 10 34 18 11 13 3
2 1 1 1 4
3 Ja'-
I 5 3 1 17 13 17 1 1 2 Fr o 1 1 2 1 Mar Apr I May E Jun S Jul I Aug Sep Oct 1 2 1 3 1
1 4
4 3
2 -
2 3 9 3
3 2 1
Nov 1 2 --
1 I Dec Jan Feb i
2 1 I
3 1
5 1 5 1 3 3 2
8 3
2 --
I Mar Apr May I Aug Sep 1 1 3 3 3 1 I Oct Nov Dec i
1 2 2
1 2 5
1 3
3 2
1 1
1 2
1 I
I
I A-43 I
I TABLE A-21. (Continued)
I Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16**17 I Jan 2 2 1 1 1 4 Feb I n Mar Apr May e Jun I T Jul Aug Sep 1 2 2 43 2 59 1 2 3 6 1 36 1 6 47 1 I Oct Nov Dec i
5 1 4 4
6 3
3 1 9
1 1
3 2
1 44 47 1
3 1 23 46 17 13 IS 40 1
4 1
1 1
1 Jan I Feb Mar 1
1 5 1
13 5
1 5 36 2
Apr I co May Jun 9 Jul I Aug Sep Oct 1
2 1
1 2 2 2 24 19 40 2
4 2
2 1
Nov i 20 I
5 1 Dec 2 1 11 3 1 Jan 1 3 1 3 2 Feb 1 2 2 I Mar Apr May co Jun I g Jul Aug S ep i i I Oct Nov i 1
- = New rack submerged September,1975.
- = Panel station not in operation.
- = Panel missing.
- * = See Table A-1.
I I
j l I A-44 I
TABLE A-22. PRESENCE AND DOMINANCE OF SPECIES OF TEREDINIDAE IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED FROM DECEMBER 1984 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1983 Station Bankia gouldi Teredo navalis 1
x dominant 2
x dominant 3
4 4A x x dominant 3 x dominant 6
7 x dominant S
x dominant 9 x dominant 10 10A x x dominant 10B 11 x x dominant 12 x dominant 13 14 g 13 x xeom1nant ;
16 J
l 17 x dominant I x = Species present.
I I
I A-45 navalis was the dominant species at all 9 stations, even though Bankia gouldi was collected at four of these stations. Last year,it was dominant at only 4 of the 9 stations at which it occurred (Hillman et al.,1985). This dominance pattern is not a reflection of an increase in abundance of T. navalis, but rather, a marked decline in the abundance of B_. gouldiin the study area. This decline will be discussed in more detail further on.
I The results of the factorial ANOVA on T. navalls are in Table A-23 (based on loge (1
+ abundance) and Table A-24 (based on presence / absence). Consistent with results reported previously (Hillman et al.,1985), all three main effects were very highly significant for both analyses. Further discussion of the ANOVA results is based on the ANOVA carried out on loge (1 + abundance) values.
Based on examination of the relative magnitude of the mean square values (Table A-
- 24) and the results of the multiple classification analysis, region was by far the most important variable. This factor accounted for approximately 32 percent of the total variation observed. Season and bioyear, though statistically significant, were each responsible for less than 2 percent of the total variation.
In order to further investigate patterns of I. navalis abundance, one-way ANOVAs followed by Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range tests were carried out on various combinations of data. The specific ways in which stations, months, and years were I compared were identical with those used in previous reports; those in turn were based on the results of interaction plots conducted as part of the report on data collected for the period December 1980 through November 1981 (Maciolek-Blake et al., 1982). The comparisons include the following:
- 1. STATIONS A. All data I B.
C.
Summer months only Fall and winter months only
- 2. MONTHS I A. All data B. Complete bioyears only (7/76-6/35) l C. Region 3 only
- 3. BIOYEARS A. All data B. Region 3 only C. Region 1 only I
I A-46 I TABLE A-23. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF LOGE (1 + ABUNDANCE) OF Teredo navalis I BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY 1976 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY, OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 681,666 14 48.690 59.I1963 0.000 Region 633.984 4 158.496 192.4449 0.000 I Season Bioyear 16.043 33.830 2
8 8.021 4.229 9.739583 5.134553 0.000 0.000 2-Way Interactions 87.236 56 1.558 1.891460 0.000 Region / Season 51.981 8 6.498 7.889345 0.000 I Region /Bioyear Season /Bioyear 27.261 6.243 32 16 0.852 0.390 1.034374 0.4737729 0.415 0.960 3-Way Interactions 28.837 64 0.451 0.5470836 0.999 Region / Season /Bioyear 28.837 64 0.451 0.5470836 0.999 Explained 797.739 134 5.953 7.228433 0.000 I Residual 1176.088 1428 0.824 I TOTAL 1973.827 1562 1.264 I
I ;
I I
I A-47 l
TABLE A-24. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Teredo navalis l I BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY 1976 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY, OR JUNE I
Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 51.761 14 3.697 30.10190 0.000 Region 37.893 4 9.473 77.12976 0.000 I Season Bioyear 3.263 11.121 2
8 1.632 1.390 13.28409 11.31802 0.000 0.000 2-Way Interactions 13.529 56 0.242 1.966930 0.000 Region / Season 4.111 8 0.514 4.183415 0.000 I Region /Bioyear Season /Bioyear 6.630 2.223 32 16 0.207 0.139 1.686973 1.131340 0.010 0.319 3-Way Interactions 6.020 64 0.094 0.7657817 0.913 Region / Season /Bioyear 6.020 64 0.094 0.7657817 0.913 Explained 71.309 134 0.532 4.332721 0.000 I Residual 175.391 1428 0.123 I TOTAL 246.700 1562 0.158 I
I I
l
A-48 Comparisons among station means for T. navalis loge abundances, using all available data, produced the following groupings (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = .05):
I Stations: 16 6 13 4 5 3 12 10 4A 10B 9 8 7 10A 14 1521711 1 A similar pattern resulted from the analysis based on fall and winter data:
Stations: 16 5 6 13 12 4 10 3 4A 8 9 10B 7 14 10A 15217 11 1 I and was only slightly different when data from summer only were included:
Stations: 3 4 6 16 10 12 10B 13 4A 9 5 10A 7 15 8 2 17 14 11 1 These observations are nearly identical with those reported in previous years (Maciolek-Blake et al., 1981, 1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984, 1985) and continue to indicate significantly elevated abundances of T. navalis near Barnegat inlet (Stations I and 17) and at Stations 2 and 11.
The positioning of the Region 1 (OCNGS vicinity) stations (5,6,7,8) in the middle to lower areas of the density range, and the fact that they are statistically indistinguishable from the majority of the Barnegat Bay stations, continues to support the conclusion that OCNGS has had no signficant effect on T. navalis densities.
The results of the Student-Newman-Kuels analysis of T. navalis densities by bioyear indicated the following significant differences (bioyears connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = .05):
I 77/78 83/84 78/79 84/85 81/82 80/81 82/83 76/77 79/80 This indicates that there has been no overall trend in T. navalis densities in the bay during the course of this program. Only one bioyear (1979/1980) had statistica!!y different densities; all other bioyears were statistically equivalent to each other.
Analysis of _T_.navalis densities in Region 3 (Stations I and 17) only indicated no I significant differences. When only the data from Region 1, near OCNGS, were analyzed, Bioyear 1982/1983 had significantly higher densities than the other years, which were not significantly different from each other.
l l
l
A-49 As reported previously (Hillman et al.,1985), T. navalis densities in the study area are strongly seasonal, with lowest densities found in the spring and summer. Seasonal maxima occur in fall and early winter. Addition of the current year's results to the data set did not alter this pattern when all data were analyzed:
JUL MAR AUG FEB DEC SEP JAN NOV OCT Identical results were obtained when the data were analyzed separately for complete bioyears. Essentially similar results were found when the data were separately analyzed for Region 3 only:
JUL AUG MAR FEB SEP DEC OCT NOV JAN Bankia gouldi. Bankia gouldi occurred in long-term panels from 7 of the 20 stations from December 1984 through February 1985, a decrease of 3 stations over the same period last year. No additional B. gouldi were collected until August 1985, when two specimens were collected, one from Station 10A and one from Station 11. No more B.
gouldi were found until October, when one was collected from Station 11 and one from Station 12.
The long-term trend in the decline in abundance of B. gouldi discussed in previous reports (Hillman et al., 1983, 1984, 1985) has continued to the point that B. gouldi is becoming relatively uncommon in the study area. Of the seven sites where B_. gouldi occurred during the present report period, it was dominant at three (Table A-22), and at none of these three stations did it co-occur with Teredo navalis.
Results of the three-way factorial ANOVAs for toge (abundance + 1) and presence / absence of B_. gouldi are shown in Tables A-25 and A-26, respecti<ely. As in previous years, all main effects were very highly significant for both data types.
Subsequent discussion will address the analysis performed on loge (1 + abundance) data l only.
I Based on an examination of relative mean square values and the results of the multiple classification analysis, region was the most important factor of the three in determining B,. gouldi abundance. On average, Regions 1, 2, and 3 had fewer individuals
A-50 TABLE A-25. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF LOGE (1 + ABUNDANCE) OF Bankia ouldi I BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED TOLT THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY, OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 254.995 14 18.214 29.19709 0.000 Region 119.301 4 29.825 47.81032 0.000 Season 58.871 2 29.435 47.18519 0.000 Bioyear 68.966 8 8.621 13.81918 0.000 2-Way Interactions 75.890 56 1.355 2.172367 0.000 Region / Season 23.899 8 2.987 4.788757 0.000 I Region /Bioyear Season /Bioyear 39.711 9.986 32 16 1.241 0.624 1.989287 1.000497 0.001 0.453 3-Way Interactions 22.078 G 0.345 0.5529994 0.998 Region / Season /Bioyear 22.078 ti4 0.345 0.5529994 0.998 Explained 352.963 134 2.634 4.222417 0.000 Residual 890.823 1428 0.624 I TOTAL 1243.786 1562 0.796 I
I A-51 TABLE A-26. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Bankia gouldi BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY 1976, THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY, OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 61.778 14 4.413 26.58225 0.000 Region 28.273 4 7.068 42.57975 0.000 Season 17.898 2 8.949 53.90925 0.000 Bioyear 13.490 8 1.686 10.15827 0.000 I 2-Way Interactions 17.574 56 0.314 1.890424 0.000 Region / Season 2.841 8 0.355 2.138921 0.030 Region /Bioyear 11.511 32 0.360 2.166965 0.000 Season /Bioyear 2.909 16 0.182 1.095363 0.354 I 3-Way Interactions 8.218 64 0.128 0.7735509 0.905 I Region / Season /Bioyear 3.218 64 0.128 0.7735509 0.905 Explained 87.569 134 0.654 3.936735 0.000 Residual 237.050 1428 0.166 TOTAL 324.619 1562 0.208 1
l I
A-52 I
than Regions 4 and 5. This factor alone explained approximately 10 percent of the variation in the data. Season and bioyear each accounted for less than 6 percent of the variation, and the combination of all three effects was able to account for only 20 percent of the variation in B. gouldi abundance.
One-way ANOVAs followed by formal multiple comparison procedures were conducted in order to understand the significance of the factorial ANOVA results. The Student-Newman-Kuels Multiple Range Test was used to determine significantly different subsets in the data. The specific ways in which stations, months, and years were compared was the same as used in previous reports (e.g., Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; I Hillman et al.,1985). This in turn was developed from the results of interaction plots conducted as part of the analysis of the 1980-1981 data (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). The following comparisons were made:
- 1. STATIONS A. A!! data B. Fall months only C. Winter and summer months only
- 2. BIOYEARS A. Alldata
- 3. MONTHS A. All data B. Complete bioyears only (7/76-6/84)
Comparisons among stations using all available data indicated the following grouping (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = .05):
Stations: 2 17 16 1 3 9 6 4A 1084 15 10B 7 5 10A 12 13 14 11 I
This pattern is virtually identical to that presented in the previous report (Hillman et al.,
1985) and is generally similar to that reported in previous years (Maciolek-Blake et al.,
I 1981, 1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984). This pattern is sufficiently persistent that it allows some generalized conclusions regarding the spatial distribution of B_. gouldi in the bay. The first is that stations in the vicinity o,f the OCNGS discharge (Stations 5,6,7 and I
I A-53 I
I 8) do not appear to be radically different from the remainder of the bay and, in fact, had intermediate B_. gouldi densities.
Comparison of Bankia gouldi abundance across bioyears, using data from all I complete bioyears (July,1976 - June,1985) produced the following patterns:
Bioyear: 82/83 84/85 81/82 78/79 80/81 83/84 77/78 76/77 79/80 I This pattern of overlapping significant differences is difficult to interpret, but discussed, as in last year's report, it further indicates that B_. gouldi abundance is I decreasing.
Analysis of B_. gouldi abundances by month were identical for both all data and full bioyears only:
MAR JUL FEB AUG NOV SEP OCT JAN DEC This seasonal pattern is by now well established in the data and has been discussed in previous reports (Hillman et al., 1983, 1984, 1985).
Destruction. Percent destruction (i.e., percent of panel filled by shipworm tubes) was recorded for both short-term (Table A-6) and long-term panels (Tables A-8 through A-19).
The average percent destruction to long-term panels (Figure A-5) over each breeding season (i.e., July of Year A through April of Year B) is given in Table A-27. In Table A-28, the stations are ranked in descending order of amount of attack as it has been I calculated through half of the 1985 breeding season.
Destruction was slightly greater at Station I than in 1984, but it had declined sharply at Station 11 (Table A-27). Station I has consistently been the site at which most destruction has occurred to long-term panels throughout the study, with Station 11 being ranked a close second (Tables A-29 and A-30). During the present reporting period destruction at the other stations was minimal, and the rankings have little meaning.
I In the reports for this year and last year, we refined and used the unweighted least squares regression model to investigate the relative contribution of various teredinid taxa to determine the degree of destruction of the wood panels.
I
E E E J + -
T -
S T A. I L -
F-
- ,J , c . 1, J %f , J ', r , c ,mm m r- Arn SIA.2 Y I
,J n on m ,, m - , o ,, m SI A. 3
, a arl f nIU m n m
' S I A. 4 cnr m, .o ,nia , m o n SIA.4. r mM fl f"*l E E 1/m Am , J , R I'n, mamm an
~
uaia.w 3915-76 eBai,u 1976-FF o, n uiaaenweau,w
,> , A
,iaaa,w 1m
,u.a..a,w w.n.ai.w ,iaaa,w unaa o
,a,vaut.w ,u,vanau 89FF-F8 1978-79 1979-80 8980-81 1988-82 8982-83 1983 1983-84 1984 -8S 76-100%
-Sd4
'A:23; B-S% DE S T RUCI 4ON FIGURE A-5. PERCENT DESTRUCTION BY TEREDINIDS TO LONG-TERM (6-MONTit)
EXPOSURE PANELS FROM JULY 1975 THROUGil NOVEMBER 1985.
A-55 c
g; I [
s,:,
7 ~I
."=3 9
l C C
c E
C E H'"'~D d MM:5 E w .e ,
I c F :1:
- 37
- =
r C .-
y I e T""~
c ci c H+
C :
a
- o ,,
1 C 7 :< !
I t_ , -
Q c c c c c C
g3 I '
E E
% E / _!!!
[ Lu I C c E m c
b<
- p be e
I
- { -
C :g E -
8 1 c c .5 L c 1, -
, 8 r := 0 I
C r -
C 5 3$ d E q [ u-:lp 4
w r n M
' r z "3 C J- ,J
-8 0 5
[ghk.
I f -.,-
t .
. L i I -.<.
, ..~_
C g y-C T5' n. ~
- e:
[
I 't_
b ', z Me i
1 I C
\
l I c-1 5 a
a t : 2 a I ~
c
~
{
3
,#WWW o
30$$3 s
5 a
- Siki*-
I
L ~
L 7 Eli
."4
~
% e e o e e -
4 4 4 $ 3 3 .
3 3 3 4 4 j 5 5
A-56
~n C ( :
I C g , ::!
j!
I C Lo
.7 C C
{"].
" C *** 1 t :' ?
I {
- =
- 1a =
g
} f tw. ( ,.r %~
l v3 5 C 5;s_
C w a "3
C ( j C :
- ' ?
I ..<_
mu
=g e
- "3 g
[ - [::
' 1
- g 0:- m
=
I C C
=
=
~
8
.s g
L. .
53 ? P.,,
i
. uJ I" P P
- " ]- y :a x
. ,- :g;;
2 u.
L q m' [ [:- _
C :a C C :o ;;
I 4
. C [.:3,g t
C .z~
I L E C:S!.=
mm l :o
- $ 3; 3
- < - ,#### a I " F a C"E
.P o 30SN3o p :f*ddNi*I I
,o
% ' '* ~
~
I J
~
J E
J E
J 3
d' 32 3
. _ _ . _ _ . . ._ . . - ~
m m M M M M M m m m m m TABLE A-27. AVERAGE PERCENT DESTRUCTION TO LONG-TERM PANELS OVER BREEDING SEASONS Breeding Season
- Station 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1 7 2.7 *
- 61.1 58.8 52.7 ' 60.7 40.2 60.6 49.5 61.0 57.8 60.4 2 23.7 0.4 1.1 8.8 19.4 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.4 0.2 3 15.4 0.1 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 0.0 4 33.0 5.1 1.3 2.6 4.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 4A - -
3.1 0.6 8.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.6 5 67.9 7.2 9.9 21.9 61.1 8.5 6.5 0.8 5.2 0.8 0.0 6 65.1 3.1 0.9 4.7 14.9 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 7 2. I *
- I8.1 36.5 53.0 67.5 6.9 29.9 2.0 5.6 0.6 0.0 8 3.5 *
- 7.4 2.1 3.3 2.5 *
- 1.I 0.7 0.8 10.1 0.6 0.2 9 2. 3 *
- 1.1 1.4 0.8 4.2 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 0.8 10 23.7 1.6 3.3 0.2 3.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
[
10A - - -
8.0 49.6 22.4 3.2 3.0 4.5 0.7 1.2 10B - - -
2.4 14.4 2.1 0.4 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.0
!! 64.5 24.5 43.1 24.7 66.6 40.5 7.7 42.8 50.5 34.7 9.0 12 39.6 15.7 12.4 0.8 35.6 I8.3 2.0 0.2 2.4 3.3 0.8 13 57.2 *
- 38.2 24.9 13.7 42.2 2.8 3.1 *
- 4.4 29.8 0.6 0.0 14 56.3 32.4 19.2 24.3 48.5 2.2 10.2 2.0 50.4 0.8 0.0 15 15.4 5.1 0.5 0.7 5.6 2.9 1.2 2.9 4.9 0.5 0.8 16 6.6 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *
- 1.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 17 44.4 8.5 0.8 1.8 3.5 2.0 0.8 5.0 4.7 0.6 0.0
- 1975: July 1975-April 1976 1976: July 1976-April 1977 1977: July 1977-April 1978 1978: July 1978-April 1979 1979: July 1979-April 1980 1980: July 1980-April 1981 1981: July 1981-April 1982 1982: July 1982-April 1983 1983: July 198 3-April 1984 1984: July 1984-April 1985 1985: July 1985-November 1985
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-28. RANK OF STATIONS IN DESCENDING ORDER OF TEREDINID ATTACK
- 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985**
I I I 7 7 !! ! 1 1 1 1 5 13 11 I 11 1 7 !! 11 11 !!
6 14 7 11 5 10A 14 17 14 12 10A 11 11 13 14 1 12 !! 13 13 2 9 14 7 14 5 10A 5 5' 10A 8 4A 12 13 12 12 13 14 2 10A 15 7 10B 15 17 17 5 2 13 7 13' 7 5 5 4A 12 3 10 10A 12 15 12 10B 15 14 2 4 5 4A 6 2 13 15 14 17 10A 8 si os 10 4 8 3 6 6 17 16 10A 7 3 2 15 9 4 10B 14 8 9 12 8 4 3 6 4 10B 4A 10B 6 5 10B 13 5 2 17 15 17 10 8 2 17 6 15 10 3 9 4 9 10B 3 3 15 7 16 9 6 12 9 8 9 10 16 9 10 8 2 17 15 10 4 2 12 6 3 10B 9 3 15 4A 17 10 3 4 4 4 13 7 16 16 10 3 3 4 2 4 6 14 3 3 4A 4A 4A 4A 10 16 16 16 16 16 6 10 16 17
- h k "
- * = llaff season.
I A-59 I TABLE A-29. NUMBER OF TIMES EACH STATION WAS RANKED IN EACH OF THE FIRST TEN PLACES IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK.
Ranking Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 8 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 I 4 4A 1 1 1
1 1
5 1 1 3 3 1 6 1 1 2 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 1 2 9 1 10 1 1 10A 2 2 1 1 1 1 10B 1 1 11 1 6 1 3 12 1 1 1 2 3 13 1 3 2 2 1 14 3 1 2 1 1 1 15 2 2 1 16 1
17 1 2 1 1 I
I
m l
I A-60 TABLE A-30. RELATIVE RANKING OF STATIONS IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK FROM 1975 l THROUGH 1985.
Rank Station Points 1 1 105 2 11 93 3 7 57 4 14 53 5 13 50 6 5 49 7 -
12 40 j 8 10A 39 I 9 17 19 10 15 13
( 11 2 14 12 3 13 13 4A 12 13 6 12 14 10B 3 13 9 7 16 10 4 17 '+ 3 I 13 13 3
16 1
1 i I
'I
l A-61 The model employed in previous reports was the logistic response function (commonly known as logit analysis), which is based on the assumption that the phenomenon under study (in this case, the increase in percent destruction as a function of increasing teredinid density) exhibits threshold-type behavior (Chatterjee and Prize, 1977). The purpose of the logit transformation in this case is to linearize the characteristic sigmoid dose-response curve and thereby allow application of multiple linear regression methodology.
Reexamination of the raw data collected from the initiation of this study through November 1984 indicated that there was no apparent justification for the logistic model and that a simple logarithmic transformation of percent destruction and abundances may prove to better model the relationship. This method assumes destruction is roughly linear I with increasing density until the available substratum becomes limiting. Also, it allows somewhat for the observation that extremely high densities of teredinids usually imply that the individuals are newly settled and thus the destruction per individual is smaller than that for adult individuals.
In addition to performing tog transformations on both the dependent and independent i variables, we further refined the regression model by forcing the regression to pass through the origin. Destruction, in the sense it is used throughout this study, is attributable solely to damage done by marine borers; thus a panel that has no borers should also have zero percent destruction.
The model was fit in a stepwise fashion using the regression procedure of the SPSS-X statistical package (SPSS,Inc.,1983). Of the five independent variables used (Loge (1 +
abundance) of _B_.gouldi, T. navalis, T. bartschi, Teredo spp. and unidentified teredinidae, respectively) only four were found to account for a significant amount of the observed variation on Loge (1 + percent destruction). The calculated regression coefficients for these were:
STANDARDIZED VARIABLE COEFFICIENT Teredo navalis 0.481 Bankia gouldi 0.462 Teredo bartschi 0.201 Teredinidae 0.118 I '
l I
A-62 The magnitude of the standardized coefficients may be considered indicative of the relative importance of the various taxa in determining the amount of destruction of the I exposure panels (Zar,1974). In previous analyses (e.g., Hillman et al., 1984, 1985), Bankia gouldi was the most important taxon in the analysis, followed closely by T. navalis in terms of overall importance. In this year's analysis, as the above data indicates, T.
navalis has become the most important taxon, presumably because of the severe decline in the abundance of B. gouldi. The multiple coefficient of determination (R2 ) for the fit was 0.718, indicating that approximately 72 percent of the observed variation in percent destruction could be explained in terms of the abundance of the four taxa. This is considerably lower than last year's value of 33 percent.
As in prior years, the residual variation in percent destruction (i.e., the random error remaining af ter fitting the model described above) was examined via three-way factorial ANOVA to determine if any significant amount of variation could be attributed to the effects of region, season, or bioyear. All three main effects were highly significant, but only 5.0% of the residual variation was explained by the ANOVA, based on the results of the multiple classification analysis. While it is clear from these results that I the number of borers in the panels is adequate to account for the degree of destruction, even without additional information on the date of recovery or location of the panel, the abundance of borers in panels is affected significantly by region, station and bioyear.
Long-Term (12-Month) Panels)
Beginning in August 1976, two "special" panels were placed on the exposure racks at every station. These panels are removed and replaced in May and June each year, af ter a 12-month exposure. The purpose of these additional panels is to provide specimens of I teredinids for histological analyses of gonad development (see Appendix B), particularly during the critical spring months when no borers are usually found in the 6-month panels.
Additional information on species present in these 12-month panels, their size ranges, and the percent of panel filled has also been recorded. These data are not as extensive, however, as those collected from the regular 1- and 6-month panels.
The incidence of teredinids in panels submerged in May 1984 and retrieved in May 1985 is shown in Table A-31. Table A-32 shows the incidence of teredinids in panels I submerged in June 1984 and retrieved in June 1985. Only 6 of the 20 stations fro n which 12-month panels were recovered in May had panels with shipworms in them. Most of the shipworms occurred at Station 1, and they ranged up to 80 mm in length. Five Bankia l
l
A-63 TABLE A-31. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN 12-MONTH PANELS SUBMERGED MAY 14-15, 1984 AND REMOVED MAY 13-14, 1985 l
No.of Percent Size Range Station Specimens Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks '
I 1 500 99 10-80 50 T. navalis, Few with 450 Teredinidae ripening gonads and larvae.
95% of specimens dead.
9 1 1 100 T. navalis 10A 1 1 135 1 Teredinidae Tube empty 12 5 5 55-130 5 B_.fgoug
\
15 1 1 85 1 T. navalis 17 1 <1 8 1 Teredinidae Tube empty I No Terecinidae in panels from Stations 2-8,10,10B-11,13-14,16.
D 4
mi
+,
. - , . - _ - . + , _ _ , _ . . -
A-64 I TABLE A-32. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN 12-MONTH PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE 11-12,1984 AND REMOVED JUNE 10-11, 1985*
I No.of Station Specimens Percent Size Range Filled inmm Species Identification Remarks I 1 600 99 <!-65 50 T. navalis, 550 Teredinidae 2 1 5 360 1 T. navalis Ripening gonads 4A 1 1 110 1 B. gouldi Ripening gonads 8 3 6 150-240 3 T. navalis, Ripening gonads I 10A 2 7 170-270 1 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis Both dead I 10B 2 8 90-385 1 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis B. gouldi with ripening gonads 11 6 20 120-260 4 B. gonidi, 4 B_. gouldi with 1 T. navalis, ripening gonads; 1 Teredinidae other specimens dead 1
12 12 25 30-175 12 B_. gouldi Ripening gonads 15 2 3 100-180 2 T. navalis I with ripening gonads No Teredinidae in panels from Stations 3-4, 5-7, 9,10,13,14,16 and 17.
- Panel from Station I removed April 8,1985.
1 I 1
I A-65 gouldi, from 55 mm to 130 mm in length, were recovered from Station 12. From the length,it would appear that they were from the previous spring or summer's settlement.
The 12-month panels retrieved in June provided shipworms from 9 stations, with most of them coming from Station 1. The specimens from Station I were primarily newly set, ranging in length from less than 1 mm to 65 mm. Those specimens from the other stations appear to have been from the previous season's set.
Limnoridae Table A-33 shows the incidence of the crustacean woodborer Limnoria cf.
tuberculata in 6-month and 1-month panels removed monthly from December 1984 through November 1985. The number of stations at which limnorids occurred during the present report period increased by one, from six to seven, over that reported last year.
During the previous reporting period limnorids were collected at Stations 1 through 5.
Limnorids were found at Stations I through 4A,10A and 11 during the present report period. One limnorid tunnel was found at Station 10A in December 1984, the first I occurrence of the species at that station since the study began. A single limnorid was found at Station 11 in May and another in October 1985. The only other time limnorids occurred at Station 11 was in August 1982, when a single tunnel was found.
I Attack at Stations 2 and 4A continued to decline sharply. It increased slightly at Station 3, but is still relatively low at that site (Figure A-6).
I I i I
I I
I I
I A-66
=
V OD'-a o o o a b E ~2 ggj RO om kR go OR go kR 3R RR RR I go g go ao ao
- z-# "
e
, e
- m e
- C o a I
e e e g = w l"
- do mo ?o to ao o-u g *-lz Ra =~ na o
un N
- n em
=a N
na a=
I b ~
g e e
n
- e e U E e 8 - . .
c y
=>I
~ eo Sk
~a So No 2- oo ao o *l%
s ik QE $3 ?- EE EE I a W
a m
A r *t
- > s.
R.
f e
e
=
a =~ -- m. 2~ R~ oo ao E, e-l r g 24 35 %d AM 05 33 BB
<[ -
o S
e
- ~
G e e g a e e p *)C on I
e k
E~l -
o-30 37 oo No N o
o oo oo 33 33 CB BB BB a",l.1
= = -
=
u w a e e
- ^%C * *
- e
- ee W
- o ,e e e g e N $ *k -e ? $ R
=
gg-
- ~ .g R~ 3m to o- ;g 3 oo oo E e e
- Z.
- 22N
- * .,E kg
a h V mo WM oo oo e == oo o-b an H*
5 Z $4 g $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$ $$
z.
QgC
= 45 oo oo oo oo oo oo oo U
5 3 W *{
I W
C
- O
- $4C *
. :si ee se
~
ee ee ee ee e, s
()
' 5. "" E I
O d.
U W -
o Owg -q
. "y 5
D~2u Re oo $R Re et RR ee ee E
- I a o a oo oc oo oo 5 g oo E 1
- "*m -
3 o e NC c us uw .
- e o
~
c5 E
ee D 6 e S #5 RR $~ j R RR RR he RR eR EE' du$ ogv -o oo ao oo n o -o oo a98 05 EZ
$Q E -
C
&II]
1 l
- o'
- ES3E a 1 cu zu zu cu zu cu a .uu-a
- c. cu e;;g 2
< s g;;1 l 2 522e
$ f < l I = 3 "00Z e - ~ m . . -$ -
e
< 2 e !
> m e
- l e e e i
I A-67 4000-I I 2750-I !
I I500-I I000-
^ /
I 500-
/ \ / \
4A ,!
l.
I b./7K
}
,~g N 'N .
IOO- Y, _ _ /
I _
f-I1,15.17
,/
1 -*- -. + ,q-IOA
\.
-?_.
I i 1976 1977 i
1978 i
1979 e
1980 YEAR i
1981 i
1982 e
1983 1984 i
1985 i
I FIGURE A-6. AVERAGE NUMBER OF Limnorid TUNNELS IN LONG-TERM (6-MONTH)
PANELS FROM 19.76 THROUGH 1985.
I I
I A-68 References Cited Bartsch, Paul. 1908. A new shipworm from the United States. Proc. Biol. Soc.
Washington, 21(34):211-212.
Clapp, W.F. 1923. A new species of Teredo from Florida. Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
I 37(2):37-38.
. 1925. Notes on the stenomorphic form of the shipworm. Trans. Acad. Sci.,
St. Louis, 25(3):81-89, Pl. 4-5.
Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
I . 1985. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to The Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1983 through November 30, 1984 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual I Report for the Period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
I Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, P.I. Feder and C.I. Belmore.1981. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1979 to November 30, 1980 to Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass.
1932. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek I Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1980 to November 30, 1981 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratcry, Duxbury, Mass.
I Menzies, R.J. 1951. A new species of Limnoria (Crustacea: Isopoda) from southern California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 30(2):86-88.
I .
1959. The identification and distribution of the species of Limnoria. In:
Ray, D.L., Marine Boring and Fouling Organisms. Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., pp.10-33.
I Miller, R.G. 3r. 1966. Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., New York.
l Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, J.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1975. Statistica) l E Package for the Social Sciences. 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York.
I lI
I A-69 I Purushotham, A. and K. Satyanaroyana Rao. ca. 1971. The First Progress Report of the Committee for the Protection of Timber Against Marine Organisms Attack in the Indian Coastal Water for the Period 1953-70. Jour. Timber Development Assoc. (India), Vol. XVII (3):1-74.
Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1976. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the I Period June 1,1975 to May 31,1976 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14729.
. 1973. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1,1976 to November 30,1977 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14319.
, C.I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the I Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company.
Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14893.
, and N.J. Maciotek. 1980. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December,1973 to I November 30, 1979 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass.
Report No.14968.
Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf.1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.
776 pp.
I Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and !!!ustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Mus. of Comp. Zoo., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 265 pp.
1971. Identification of marine wood-boring molluscs. In: Marine Borers, 1 Fungi and Fouling Organisms of Wood, (E.B.G. Jones and S.K. Eltringham Eds.)
Organization for economic cooperation and development, Paris. Chapter 1, pp.
17-64.
I I
I I
I
I I
I I
I I
I I
I APPENDIX B I .
I I
I I
I I 2 I
l I
I
I l
APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS I Table of Contents Page In trod uction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 Materials and Me thods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4 References Cited ....................................................... B-15 LET OF TABLES Table B-1. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Teredo I navalis in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, frcm December 1984 Through November 1985 ................. B-6 Table B-2.
I Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Bankia gouldi in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December 1984 Through November 1985 ................. B-9 I LET OF FIGURES I Figure B-1. Percent of All Specimens of ,Teredo navalis in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August 1977 Through November 1985 B-12 I
Figure B-2. Percent of Specimens of Bankia gouldi from Region 1 m Each Stage of Gonad Development from August 1977 Through Nov e m ber 19 8 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13 Figure B-3. Percent of Specimens of Bankia ytouldi from Regions 2,4, and 5 in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August 1977 Through Novem ber 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 I
I
---e
I I
I B-1 I APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Introduction Temperature may be the most impcrtant factor in the regulation of reproductive cycles in marine invertebrates (Hedgpeth and Gonor,1969). For this reason, studies of the reproductive cycles of the teredine borers in Barnegat Bay have been an integral part of the program designed to assess the effects of the Oyster Creek Naclear Generating Station on woodborers in the bay.
I Alteration of the normal reproductive cycles theoretically could occur in one or more ways. For example, initiation of gonad development might occur in thermally-affected areas earlier than would be expected under ambient conditions, resulting in earlier than normal spawning. Given the short time necessary for newly-settled larvae to become sexually mature (Turner,1966), some could settle and spawn within one season.
Another way in which temperature might affect normal breeding cycles is if the thermally affected waters allowed the extension of the breeding season well into the fall, Icoger I than should have been expected under ambient conditions. ,i In previous reports (e.g., Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982) the possibifity of an extended breeding season for the non-indigenous Teredo bartschi in the discharge area was discussed.
A subtropical species, T. bartschi would have been expected to have breeding individuals year-round in the warmer discharge water, even though their larvae would not have been expected to survive the colder winter water temperatures outside the discharge area. Since February 1982, however, no T. bartschi have been recovered for examination I of gonad developmental patterns.
In order to determine whether normal reproductive cycles of shipworms in the area of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generation Station were altered in any way by plant operations, the developmental stages of gonads from borers in areas affected by the thermal plume were assessed histologically and compared to stages of gonad development in borers from non-affected areas. Data through November 1984 did not suggest any I
I
I B-2 I major alterations in breeding patterns of indigenous shipworm species within the study area. The studies continued through November 1985, and the data reported here summarize the results of observations made on gonad developmental patterns from August 1975 through November 1985.
Materials and Methods Teredine borers were removed in the laboratory from exposure panels retrieved from Barnegat Bay. Details of the retrieval schedule for standard panels are given in Appendix A. With the six-month retrieval schedule, there were t%e months of the year (April through June) when no borers were recovered from the panels because the I panels were immersed when no larvae were settling. In order to obtain gonad information during those critical spring periods, two special panels, retrieved on an annual basis, were installed in May and June of 1976 at each station. This provided some information on early spring gonadal patterns. In addition, separate racks were installed at Stations 2,7, 11,12 and 17 to provide additionalinformation on parasites of Teredo sp. Panels on these racks are exposed for a 12-month cycle, and although they are no longer used for pathology purposes, they supply information on gonad conditions year-round.
I Upon removal from the exposure panels, the shipworms were placed in one of a variety of fixatives. During the initial portion of the study, when specimens were being shipped to Battelle's Columbus, Ohio, facility for sectioning, they were fixed in Bouin's fixative. Since processing was begun at the Duxbury facility in May 1977, specimens have been fixed in Zenker's, Helly's and most recently, Davidson's fixative.
Specimens were fixed for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />, followed by rinsing with 70 percent denatured ethanol. The gonad-containing portion of each shipworm was excised, dehydrated further in ethanol, placed in two changes of methylbenzoate, and cleared in three changes of xylene. The tissues were then embedded in Paraplast and sectioned at a thickness of six microns. From January 1978 through November 1981, at least two slides A of each specimen were prepared. One slide was stained in hematoxylin and eosin for gonad analysis; the second slide was stained with Masson's trichrome or Whipf's polychrome stain and used with the hematoxylin and eosin stained slides for pathological analysis, i I
I
I B-3 I The slides were examined microscopically to determine the stage of gonad development at the time the specimens were removed from the water. Because the Teredinidae are bivalve molluscs, the characteristics of gonad development are similar to I those of other bivalves, and a clesification of developmental stages used by other investigators examining gonads of various bivalves (e.g., Ropes and Stickney,1965; Ropes, 1968; Holland and Chew,1974) was generally suitable. In some cases, especially during the warmer months, it appeared that early active development began again shortly af ter the shipworm had just spawned, so that the follicles showed both early active and spent characteristics simultaneously. In general, however, the various phases of gonad development were characterized as follows:
I Female Gonads
- 1. Early active phase-Oogonia occurred at the periphery and within the alveolar walls; nuclei of oogonia contained I basophilic nucleoli. The alveolar walls were not completely contracted and lumina were evident in most gonads.
- 2. Late active phase-Large oocytes were attached. to the I alveolar wall and protruded into the alveolar lumen. The oocyte nucleus was large and contained a basophilic nucleolus.
I 3. Ripe phase-The shipworm was ' considered ripe when the number of oocytes that had become detached from the alveolar wall and were free in the lumen of the alveolus exceeded the number still attached to the alveolar wall.
- 4. Partially spawned phase-A few oocytes were still attached to the thickened alveolar wall, and some residual ripe ova remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase-Alveoli were usually empty of ripe oocytes and those that remained were undergoing cytolysis.
Male Gonads I 1. Early active phase-Shipworms in the early active phase contained darkly staining spermatogonia in the thickened alveolar wall.
I I
I
I I
B-4 5
- 2. Late active phase-This phase was characterized by the I
proliferation and maturation of spermatocytes, most of which l had migrated toward the center of the alveolus. A central lumen was present in the alveolus and occasionally a small number of spermatozoa were present in the lumen.
- 3. Ripe phase-In the ripe phase, the alveolar lumen was crowded with darkly-stained spermatozoa.
- 4. Partially spawned phase-A small number of spermatozoa remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase-Alveoli in the spent phase contained very few or no spermatozoa.
Hermaphroditic gonads were characterized according to the conditions of both the oocytes and spermatocytes within the various alveoli.
I The slides were numbered consecutively according to sample number, and gonad condition was noted for each sample. The phase designations of the gonads were correlated with species and station designations only af ter the gonads were characterized.
This tended to eliminate any bias for station or season. '
I Results and Discussion I From August 1975 through November 1984, a total of 5,484 teredinid borers l I was examined histologically for gonad condition. This included 2,248 Teredo navalis,534 T. bartschi, 24 T. furcifera, 2,615 Bankia gouldi, and 63 immature teredinids too small to l be identified to species. The data from those observations were included in the annual report to GPU Nuclear Corporation for the period December 1,1983 through November 30, 1984. From December 1,1984 through November 30, 1985 an additional 228 T.
navalis,141 B_. gouldi,2 Teredo spp., and 2 immature teredinids too small to be identified to species were examined. The results of the examinations for T. navalis and B_. gouldi are I tabulated in Tables B-1 and B-2, respectively. One of the Teredo spp. occurred at Station 17 in Decembcr 1934, and the other was collected at Station 4A in August. Neither had any discernable gonad. The immature teredinids were both found at Station 11, one in February and one in July. The specimen collected in February was in the early active stage.
I I
I B-5 As in past years (Hillman et al.,1985) no unusual variations in expected reproductive patterns were observed. The reproductive patterns of the two species of teredinid borers occurring during the present reporting period are discussed below.
Teredo navalis. During the present reporting period, T. navalis occurred at 13 of the 20 stations at which panels are exposed (Table B-1), an increase of 4 stations from the previous year's co!!ection.
I A few early active stages were found in December at Stations 1 and 11, and in January at Stations 11 and 17, but these probably represented development begun in the fall and arrested by the falling water temperatures as winter approached. Most of the gonads examined during those months were in the spent condition. Normal early active development was most evident in February and March, particularly at Station 1.
Ripe gonads were first seen in March at Stations 2 and 11. They persisted in I the samples only through August, which was somewhat unusual since, in the previous reports (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985), ripe gonads were reported throughout the fall.
The annual and seasonal pattern of gonad development in T. navalis in Barnegat Bay from August 1977 through November 1985 is shown in Figure B-1. Early active development begins in February and March, with ripening peaking in the spring and early summer. The second annual spawning peak reported in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985) was evident in August of the present report period. The late fall and early winter peaks in early active development are the result of development in those specimens that set af ter the. spring spawning. No unusual departures from previously I described patterns in T. navalis in Barnegat Bay were noted during the present report period.
Bankia gouldi. Specimens of B_. gouldi were available for gonad development examination from only 9 of the 20 exposure panel stations during the present reporting period, a decrease of 6 stations from the previous reporting period.
The seasonal gonadal development pattern for B. gouldi continued to be similar to that reported throughout the study (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985). Early active stages I were found from December through April at Station 11 and from December through May at Station 12. Station 10A also provided a specimen in the early active stage in )
December. Ripe gonads were found in three specimens collected from Station 11 in January, but this condition was probably a holdover from the late summer and fall development. 1 i
I !
I
8-6 TABLE B-1. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF I Teredo navalis IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER 1934 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985.
EA = Early Active; LA = Late Active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; 5 =
Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad I Gonad 1984 1935 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station l EA 2 14 11 2 6 I LA R
PS I 6
5 1
4 4
7 6
4 1
S 3 2 i I
1 3 1 1 NG 4 EA 1 LA 3 1 1 R 1 1 1 2 2 I
PS 1 3 5 1 S 1 NG i I EA LA PS S
NG I
EA i LA
" *^
S I '
G t
l EA LA R 2 7 I PS S
NG 1 g i
i i
I ~
I I B-7 I TABLE B-1. (continued)
I Gonad 1984 1985 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station I EA LA R 3 3 PS I
1 S 1 NG 1 EA LA R 1 9 PS S
NG EA I LA R
PS 1
gog S 1 2 NG I EA LA R
1 10B PS I S NG EA 1 1 1 1 g LA 4 3 1 R
I 1 1 1 1 gg PS 6 1 1 1 S 5 8 6 3 1 1 NG 1 1 g i I
I
I B-8 I TABLE B-1. (continued)
I Gonad 1984 1985 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station I EA LA R 12 PS I S NG 1 EA LA 1 1
R I
1 1 15 PS 1 S
2 1 NG 1 1 I EA 3 1 1 LA 1 R 1 17 PS 1 1 1 S 1 1 1 NG 1 1 I
I I
I I
I
I B-9 TABLE B-2. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF Bankia gouldi IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER 1984 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985 EA = Early Active; LA = Late active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; 5 =
I Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad .
I Gonad 1984 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun 1935 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station I EA 1 1 LA I S R
PS 1
4A NG 1 EA 3 I LA R
PS I S NG 1 EA 1 2 LA R 3 7 I PS S
NG 1 3 1
l I EA 1 LA I R PS S
9 NG I
EA 1 LA R 1 wA I S NG I l I
I B-10 TABLE B-2. (Continued)
I Gonad 1984 1985 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA LA R 1 10B I PS S
NG EA 3 9 6 8 3 i LA I R PS S 10 S
2 3
4 1
2 1
2 1
1 11 NG 1 2 5 3 3 2 1 1 EA 6 10 4 2 3 4 LA i 1 R 2 12 PS 5 S 4 4 NG 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 I EA LA R 15 I
PS S
NG 1 I
I I
I I
B-li Spawning began in June and appeared to carry through into July, but the numbers of B. gouldi available af ter July for gonad examination were too few to evaluate development patterns.
Gonad development patterns of B. gouldi from Region 1, the thermally I affected area (see Appendix A), from August 1977 through November 1985 are plotted in Figure B-2. The development pattern for B. gouldi from Regions 2, 4, and 5 (B_ gouldi does not normally occur in Region 3) are plotted in Figure B-3 for comparison. No unusual differences in the patterns were seen during the present reporting period, except for the dec!ine in the number of specimens available for study. This decline is discussed in detail in Appendix A.
I I
I I ;
I I
l l
l l
l I
I .
, - - ~ , - , - , , y --v,- ._,
W M M M -
M M M M M M M M
=
o
_ l l 1977 1978 1979 1980 l O'O .
! H b7 Ii y
. , f* .
i : !!. - i . !! :!: . ,
A M J J4988 A S O N D J F M A M1982 J J A S O N D J F M AM1983 J J A S O ND J F M A M J J A S O N 1984 g 100 gj -
~
Keys No DiscernaHe Gened Spent Partially Spaesed Of x.
"S -
i,.' .
Ipe Late Active Early Active p
E3 -
d.?: :
f i l b ^',!:i !
O_
am:
,lef DJFMAMJJASON 1985
! FIGURE B-1. PERCENT OF ALL SPECIMENS OF Teredo navalis IN EACH STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST 1977 TilROUGil NOVEMBER 1985.
M M M M M M M i
A S1977 O N D J F M A M1978 J J A S O N D J F M A M 1979 JJASONDJFMAMJJASONOJFM 1980 O '-* ~
~ ,' .
j '
~~
A M J J1984 A S O N D J F M A M 8982 J J A S O N O J F M A M1983 JJASONDJFMAMJJASON
!. 1984 l
i g 100- ,
ga j gg -
Key:
j $" -
No Discernable Gened Spent .
Partially Speemed E' -
l 58 -
&d -
[ So_ :,y .
ms n Ripe La te Active E a rly Active Eg - '
93 - *
"g -
$o -
0"T M IJ A S O N 1985
'l FIGullE 11-2. PEllCENT OF SPECIMENS OF liimkia gouldi FitOM IREGION I IN EACil STATE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FitOM AUGUST 1977 TilitOUGli NOVEMBER 1985.
1
E E E E- E E E -
E E M E u IOO I --'
o ,. :i # #
i 05 i :i 4 ..
?$ E : .: i- .:
- i- . .*
i: j -
- ' ?
=o -
w!:
.- -d:: 4- e
!. :!- .: :! i: :
- m::!
m::
x a mu y
mg" 50 lR. . !! : : : M .? !! i i:i .i
- i. : .
Eg !!.:...5 -! ! !!b; @a ij:
l ll 555: gy
- ! l
- o ' g !.
- !:
- !.! .! .i i :.l
! i: :. i. .
! i-ag
- . :: i : : : i- i::
~
! : g .! !i:
': .! .i: .::s.i i: :::: i: i:
5o ::l l .
i
=
o
!. :.2:;ima.
.2_2;shr .: . '.y ..
aasm*: . .:
i
- 3 2, .l:
A S1977 O N D J F M A M1978 JJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFM 1979 1980 i
a'_
Ub _
, leEL D
Y; W
- E g i
- ! g
- i w, - p ijip j
a!
jg 50-
- ,(.
e :
- j
, ,;.I t*
i
.: ij l { . l j ,! ;
- j. ,
3$ :: [. 5 !
1 e:o -
.e h:: a r .ff. l l :::f..!f,:!, : 7 l
i -
=,i o _::
. <c. .. .:
, '. h ;:: .:: .. ii .
.: i bl n
{
=
o_iE :: ?S ;!! . a i _2 _ $ d .:: -
W.
2 3 : :.
j A M J J4981 A S O N D J F M A M 1982 J J A S O N D J F M AM1983 JJASONDJFMAMJJASON 1984 i
l i
j g i OW .
l &- ,,
_]
j g :
Key No Discernable Gened h Spent
^i M 2
Partially Spaused 1
)
38 Id
_I, g'. - mmy i
- $ n 50_ ,. !* Ripe Late Active *f Early Active z _, , :' :. : . - -
) .
4
- a _
- .; :.
- :. J-
- 5;
- : :': : .
gg : i: -
m -[:!
o d i.:. .2 2 2.*;
O J F M A M J J A S O N 1985
- 3. .
ji j
FIGURE B-3. PERCENT OF SPECIMENS OF Bankia gouldi FROM REGIONS 2,4, AND 5 IN EACil STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST 1977 T11ROUGil NOVEMBER
! 1985.
1
\____________________ ____ - ________ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ - ___ _ __________. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __________
I B-15 I References Cited I Hedgpeth, J.W. and 3.3. Gonor. 1969. Aspects of the potential effect of thermal alteration on marine and estuarine benthos. In: Biological Aspects of Thermal I Pollution., P.A. Krenkel and F.A. Parker, eds. Vanderbilt Univ. Press, Nashville, Tenn., pp.80-118.
Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1985. Study of Woodborer Populations in I Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1983 through November 30, 1984 to GPU Nuclear.
I Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
I Holland, D.A. and K.K. Chew. 1974. Reproductive cycles of the Manila clam (Venerupis japonica), from Hood Canal, Washington. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assoc. 64:53-58.
Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore and P.I. Feder. 1982. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1980 to November 30,1981 to GPU I Nuclear. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
I Ropes, J.W. 1968. Reproductive cycle of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, in offshore New Jersey. Biol. Bull. 135:349-365.
and A.P. Stickney. 1965. Reproductive cycle of Mya arenaria in New I England. Biol. Bull. 128:315-327.
Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.,265 pp.
I I
I I
I I
I e
I I
!l I
I I
I I
I ;
seeesoix c !
g I
I I
I E
I
- I
!I I
- I
I APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY Table of Contents Page In troduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Ma terials and Me thods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Field ............................................................... C-1 S tatistical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 y mesui ts and oiscussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c-.
Ic m pe ra ture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-19 Salinity............................................................. C-25 m ................................................................. C-,o I oissolved o xygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-30 i Re ferences Ci ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-34 List of Tables Table C-1. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations December 1984 ......... C-5 Table C-2. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations January 1985 ........... C-6 Table C-3. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations February 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 Table C-4. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations March 1985 ............. C89 Table C-5. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations April 1985 .............. C-9 Table C-6. Water Quality at Exposure Panel S tations May 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10 Table C-7. Water Quality at Exposure Panet Stations June 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-11 Table C-8. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations July 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12 Table C-9. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations August 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13 Table C-10. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations September 1985 ......... C-14 Table C-11. Water Quality at Exposure Panet Stations October 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . C-15 Table C-12. Water Quality at Exporure Panet Stations November 1985 . . . .. ..... C-16 I
I E l List of Tables (continued)
Page Table C-13. Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation of Water Quality Values Observed During Each Month of Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay, I New Jersey, From December 1984 Through November 1985 ........................................................ C-17 I Table C-14. Temperatures Recorded at Station 8 Compared to Five Other Exposure Panel Stations in Various Regions of Barnegat Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-24 Table C-15. Analysis of Variance of Salinities Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July 1975 Through November 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-29 Table C-16. Analysis of Variance of pH Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July 1975 Through Novem ber 198 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-31 Table C-17. Analysis of Variance of Dissolved Oxygen Levels Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July 1975 Through November 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-33 I List of Figures Figure C-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations of E xposure Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2 Figure C-2. Average Water Temperature at Each Exposure Panel Station I Calculated for The Biological Year July 1984 Throu J une 198 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................
. . . . . .gh C-22 Figure C-3.
I Average Water Temperature for Stations Grouped into Regions for Biological Year July 1984 Through June 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Figure C-4. Average Salinity for Each Exposure Panet Station Calculated C-23 for the Biological Year July 1984 Through June 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-26 Figure C-5. Average Salinity for Stations Grouped into Regions for {
I Biological Year July 198 4 Through June 1985 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-28 )
I I
I
I I l C-1 APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY I Introduction Several water quality parameters were measured at each of the exposure pane!
I stations at the time of panel removal and replacement. These values, recorded monthly, are used to document the physico-chemical environment in Barnegat Bay at the time of the field collections. This portion of the report includes data collected from December 1984 through November 1985, and a synthesis of the data collected since the initiation of the study in June 1975.
Materials and Methods I Field Water quality measurements were taken monthly at the 20 exposure panel stations (Figure C-1) by the field personnel exchanging exposure panels (see Appendix A),
and supplied to Batte!!e.
I Statistical Analysis Several descriptive summaries of water quality values have been prepared.
More emphasis is placed on temperature and salinity than on pH and dissolved oxygen because the former two parameters are considered to be the more important when considering teredinid distribution and abundance.
I A). The mean value + cne standard deviation was calculated for all parameters fo7each month in this report period.
B). For temperature and salinity, average values for each bioyear from July 1975 through June 1985 were calculated and plotted for each station. A bioyear is defined as July Year A through June Year B, and corresponds to the breeding season of the teredinids. The period of July 1985 through November I
C-2 40- 1 M1NA!CUAN sNs.ET I
BatELLE
- PolNT
% AS PLEASANT I FNTRACCASTAL -
WATEmwAY CANAL MANTQLQmNG 15 I
I. K ECREEK I '
g a; .
SEASIDE 40 16 E se s SLOCp CREEK ATLANTIC CCEAN E MCLLY PARK 44 12 STCUTS CAEEK 10 108 ( SEDGE
'ISLANO 5$ TER
$ GARNEGAT INLET CVSTER CREEK I NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION WARETOWN gg 4
t gggggggy
( N BARNEGAT BEACM 3 -l CCNr.nN
@ PANEL AAAAY ISLAND ,
~ '
0 1 2 3 ;
l
- MILE %
}
E 'tAANEGAT INLET. NEW JERSEY Late m 39 45 8 N w Wtw(e T4 06.0 W
[
2&35 FIGURE C-1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC LOCAT_ IONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS
/
,n.. - - - . -. ,,.. ,,y- ,- -
I C-3 I
I 1985 was not included because it represents only 5 months of a 12-month period, and average values over this period are not comparable to the other averages calculated.
C). Stations were grouped into regions, and average values of temperature and salinity were calculated and plotted for each biological year since July 1975. Regions are as follows:
I Region 1 (near OCNGS discharge), Stations 5, 6, 7, and 8; Region 2 (south of OCNGS), Stations 2,3,4, and 4A; Region 3 (east side of bay), Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near north),
I Stations 9,10,10A,10B, and 11; Region 5 (north of OCNGS),
Stations 12,13,14,15, and 16B.
Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out on the data for each of the four water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen) measured I since July 1975. In previous years, ANOVAs were cenducted on both unsummarized (i.e.,
station, month) and summarized (i.e., region, season) factors and then the two ANOVAs were combined to produce a residual mean square based on the combined fit; this mean square was more appropriate than one based on summary factors alone. As the data set has grown over the years, the computing resources necessary to analyze the unsumma.ized factors have increased exponentially so that available capacity on the VAX-11/780 computer at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute has now been exceeded.
Accordingly, the ANOVAs in this and subsequent reports will be performed on summarized factors only. All ANOVAs were carried out using the ANOVA procedure of SPSS-X (Nie et al.,1983).
Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were used to quantify the systematic variations detected by the analysis of variance procedures (Nie et al.,1983). This output, which is a display rather than a particular test, provides information about the patterns of effects of each factor, and, therefore, about the reasons underlying significant effects observed in the analysis of variance calculations. It is appropriate only if the interactions among factors are not practically or statistically significant.
I The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted deviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of each factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e.,
main effects only, and not interactions) and estimating the effects of the levels of each I factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and unadjusted deviations should be similar.
I
I C-4 Bonferroni t-statistic (Miller,1966) was used to compare means of treatment levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that have been observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity.
Let X I , X 2 ,...Xk be k sample means based on N 1, N ,2 ...Nk observations I respectively. Let M i, M 2s ,Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample averages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor under study.
Let s2 = error SS/ error df denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on y degrees of freedom.
Suppose we wish to make y pairwise comparisons among Mi , M2 , >Mk . For example, to test Ho : M i / j = 1, ...,k we must make r = k (k-1)Pairwise comparisons.
Ho will be rejected at significance level a if 2 x -x 1
I , 1 +1 "i "j e(v;1-a/2r) i for any pair i, j, where t ( r ; l-a/r) is the upper a/2r point of the student distribution with vd.f.
I This procedure leads to the confidence intervals I Ei-E3 c ( P: 1 */2r)s V1 nt
+ 1 n3 1 Mg ,- M3 1 xg - f) +t ( F: 1 */2:)s v' ng
- 1 n3 with overall probability 1-a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. The means Mi Mj are significantly different if the confidence interval does not contain zero.
Results and Discussion I The water quality values recorded each month at each of the exposure panel l stations from December 1984 through November 1985 are given in Tables C-1 through C-
- 12. Table C-13 gives the monthly minimum, maximum, and mean y, one standard deviation for each parameter measured.
I I
I C-5 f TABLE C-l. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS I DECEMBER 1984 i i
l I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC) 02 (mg/1) pH 1 12/10/84 0900 6.0 29.1 7.1 9.6 7.9 l 2 12/10/84 0935 5.0 23.2 4.1 10.1 7.8 i g 3 12/10/84 1003 1.5 22.2 5.9 10.1 7.9 4 12/10/84 1020 3.0 23.3 5.5 10.0 7.9 1 I 4A 5
12/10/84 12/10/84 1037 1050 1.5 2.0 20.9 20.8 6.1 7.0 10.0 9.7 7.9 7.8 ,
6 12/10/84 1100 2.0 21.1 6.5 9.8 7.9 7 12/10/84 1110 2.5 19.6 7.1 9.9 7.8 8 12/10/84 1127 2.5 19.0 7.1 10.3 7.8 9 12/10/84 1143 4.5 29.0 5.1 10.2 7.9 10 12/10/84 1336 3.5 19.6 6.7 9.8 7.5 10A 12/10/84 1245 1.5 19.2 6.2 10.3 7.8 10B 12/10/84 1300 3.0 20.0 5.5 10.2 7.8 11 12/10/84 1312 1.5 20.3 5.1 10.3 7.9 12 12/10/84 1358 3.0 18.8 5.5 10.4 7.8 13 12/10/84 1425 2.5 16.2 5.5 10.8 7.8 l 14 15 12/10/84 12/11/34 1447 0910 3.5 3.0 17.5 18.8 5.2 5.3 11.0 10.8 7.9 7.8 l
i g 16 12/11/84 0938 4.0 16.2 c.7 11.1 7.8 17 12/11/84 1019 1.5 27.0 6.8 9.7 7.9 i I
l I
I I
I
I C-6 I TABLE C-2. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS I JANUARY 1985 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC) (mg/1) 02 pH 1 1/14/85 0912 5.0 23.4 0.3 11.7 7.9 2 1/14/85 0934 4.0 24.3 -0.5 12.0 7.7 3 1/14/85 1013 1.2 25.1 -0.2 11.9 7.9 l
4 1/14/85 1045 3.0 26.9 0.2 11.6 7.9 4A 1/14/35 1103 2.5 25.2 0.1 11.1 7.9 5 1/14/35 1119 1.5 23.5 4.2 10.5 7.3 1/14/35 I 23.5 6 1130 1.3 3.5 10.4 7.7 7 1/14/85 1142 2.0 23.7 5.4 10.6 7.3 3 1/14/85 1147 2.5 23.4 5.3 10.3 7.3 l 9 1/14/85 1306 4.0 24.3 1.4 11.6 7.9 10 1/14/35 1421 4.0 20.7 2.0 10.9 7.7 10A 1/14/35 1327 1.5 24.3 3.9 11.1 7.9 10B 1/14/35 1342 3.0 24.3 2.7 11.1 7.9 I 11 12 1/14/35 1/14/35 1400 1443 1.5 3.J 24.3 22.9 1.6 3.9 11.4 9.7 7.9 7.6 l
13 1/14/35 1517 3.0 19.5 0.1 12.3 7.3 14 1/14/35 1540 3.5 21.9 0.2 11.7 7.3 15 1/15/35 0907 3.5 24.2 1.3 11.6 7.9 l 16 17 1/15/35 1/15/35 0933 1014 4.0 1.3 13.9 27.3 0.2 0.3 11.3 11.3 7.7 3.0 I
I I
I I
I C-7 I TABLE C-3. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS I FEBRUARY 1985 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC) 02 (mg71) pH 1 2/11/35 0904 5.5 31.1 1.0 11.4 7.3 2 2/11/35 0933 4.5 25.2 0.0 11.0 7.7 g 3 2/11/35 1004 1.5 22.3 -0.1 11.3 7.7 4 2/11/35 1022 3.5 27.2 1.0 10.3 7.7 I 4A 5
2/11/35 2/11/35 1033 1057 2.0 1.0 26.0 14.9 0.5 0.2 11.3 11.7 7.3 7.1 6 2/11/35 1106 1.5 20.2 1.0 10.5 7.3 7 2/11/35 1122 3.5 22.4 1.3 11.1 7.3 3 2/11/35 1140 2.0 17.4 1.3 10.7 7.4 9 2/11/35 1200 5.5 23.0 1.0 11.0 7.3 10 2/11/35 1404 4.0 21.3 2.5 11.1 7.7 10A 2/11/35 1303 1.5 23.0 2.3 10.9 7.3 10B 2/11/35 1325 3.0 24.5 3.0 10.4 7.3 I 2/11/35 1340 11 1.5 21.6 2.0 11.0 7.9 12 2/11/35 1527 2.5 20.3 3.7 10.9 7.5 l 13 2/11/35 1430 2.5 15.4 3.2 10.9 7.7 l
i 14 2/11/35 1452 3.5 19.3 2.1 10.3 7.7 l 15 2/12/35 0359 3.0 24.2 2.3 11.0 7.7 g 16 2/12/35 0932 4.0 20.0 2.5 11.2 7.6 17 2/12/35 1000 1.5 26.1 4.0 10.0 7.7 I
I I
I I .
- ,. . . - . . . . _ . , , . - - - - . , , - -,--.--,y-9 , , , y
I C-8 TABLE C-4. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS MARCH 1985 E
Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg 1) pH I 1 2
3/11/85 3/11/85 0923 0955 7.5 5.9 31.8 26.8 6.6 7.5 9.6 9.8 7.7 7.6 3 3/11/85 1022 2.6 26.9 I 4 4A 3/11/85 1045 4.6 28.0 8.9 8.8 9.8 9.9 7.5 7.6 3/11/85 1100 3.6 27.7 8.7 9.8 7.6 l 6 5 3/11/85 3/11/85 1115 1125 2.6 3.3 25.8 25.9 12.8 12.5 9.9 9.6 7.6 7.6 7 3/11/85 1137 3.9 25.7 13.7 10.0 7.6 8 3/11/85 1157 3.3 25.7 13.5 10.0 7.6 I 9 10 3/11/85 3/11/85 1215 1402 6.9 5.9 26.1 25.5 8.0 8.7 10.1 9.2 7.6 7.6 10A 3/11/85 1315 2.0 25.9 12.6 9.8 7.4 10B 3/11/85 1329 4.6 26.7 10.6 9.9 7.6 11 3/11/85 1340 3.0 26.8 9.0 10.7 7.7 g 12 3/11/85 1420 4.6 25.2 8.6 10.5 7.7 13 3/11/85 1445 4.3 23.2 9.9 10.7 7.7 I 14 15 3/11/85 3/12/85 1502 0915 4.9 3.9 22.3 21.1 7.9 3.0 11.8 9.6 7.9 7.7 16 3/12/85 0945 5.3 18.0 7.8 9.7 8.0 17 3/12/85 1020 1.6 29.1 8.7 8.3 7.8 I
I I
I I
l
y I
C-9 TABLE C-5. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS APRIL 1985 i
Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg 1) pH I 4/3/35 0908 7.2 29.5 9.5 8.6 7.7 2 4/3/35 0947 6.6 29.6 11.0 8.9 7.6 3 4/3/85 1012 2.3 27.2 11.2 8.8 7.6 4 4/3/85 1036 4.3 27.7 11.8 9.2 7.6 4A 4/3/85 1050 3.0 27.7 12.0 8.7 7.6 l 5 6
4/3/85 4/3/85 1102 1112 2.3 3.0 26.5 26.5 13.7 13.6 3.9 8.6 7.6 7.6 7 4/3/85 1125 4.3 26.2 12.5 8.9 7.8 8 4/3/85 1140 4.3 26.3 12.2. 8.9 '7.7 I 9 10 4/8/85 4/3/85 1243 1359 7.2 5.9 27.1 26.2 11.6 12.1 9.0 3.3 7.3 7.6 10A 4/3/85 1300 3.3 26.8 12.5 9.1 7.8 10B 4/3/85 1318 4.9 26.9 12.5 8.9 7.7 11 4/3/85 1330 3.3 27.4 11.8 9.7 7.8 g 12 4/3/85 1408 4.9 25.5 11.4 9.s 7.9 13 4/3/85 1435 4.9 24.6 12.2 9.2 7.9 I 14 15 4/3/85 4/9/85 1455 0858 5.6 4.9 24.2 21.6 11.4 10.0 9.0 8.7 7.3 7.7 16 4/9/85 0913 5.9 21.1 9.6 9.1 7.8 17 4/9/35 1002 3.0 29.9 7.2 8.1 7.8 I
I lE lI I
I i c-10 I I i
1 TABLE C-6. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS
, MAY 1985 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg 1) pH 1 5/13/35 0900 5.0 32.5 15.0 8.0 7.4 2 5/13/85 0933 5.0 27.9 20.0 6.1 7.3 3 5/13/85 1002 1.5 26.6 21.1 6.6 7.5 4 5/13/85 1025 3.0 27.4 21.5 5.0 7.1
~ 4A 5/13/85 1040 2.0 27.1 23.1 6.9 7.4 5 5/13/85 1100 1.5 25.6 27.0 6.2 7.3 I 6 7
5/13/35 5/13/85 1116 1128 2.0 3.0 25.9 25.2 26.5 27.4 6.6 6.5 7.3 7.3 8 5/13/85 1145 .!.0 25.3 28.3 6.5 7.3 l 9 5/13/85 1207 :.5 25.5 24.0 7.4 7.5 10 5/13/35 1407 4.0 22.1 24.5 6.3 7.2 10A 5/13/85 1314 2.5 25.2 26.5 7.2 7.4 10B 5/13/85 1330 2.0 25.3 25.5 6.3 7.3 I 11 12 5/13/35 5/13/85 1344 1430 1.5 3.0
.25.6 24.5 24.3 23.8 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 13 5/13/85 1457 3.0 22.5 24.5 6.9 7.4 14 5/13/85 1513 3.0 22.5 24.5 7.2 7.6
'5 5/14/85 0955 2.5 20.2 22.6 7.4 7.3 l 16 17 5/14/85 5/14/35 1040 1135 3.5 2.0 19.0 27.6 23.0 23.0 6.2 7.2 7.2 7.7 I
I I
I I
I C-ll TABLE C-7. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JUNE 1985 E
Depth in Salinity Temperature Og Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH I 1 2
6/10/85 6/10/85 0920 1000 4.9 4.3 31.9 30.1 19.5 21.7 5.9 6.4 7.7 7.8 3 6/10/85 1015 2.0 27.6 22.4 5.8 7.6 4 6/10/85 1034 3.6 29.1 22.1 3.0 7.3 4A 6/10/85 1055 3.3 28.7 22.9 4.9 7.6 l 5 6/10/85 1112 1.6 27.3 27.0 5.1 7.4 6 6/10/85 1122 2.0 27.4 27.4 5.6 7.5 I 7 8
6/10/85 6/10/85 1137 1150 3.6 2.0 27.1 27.1 27.9 28.0 5.3 5.1 7.5 7.5 l
9 6/10/85 1210 4.9 27.7 I 10 10A 6/10/85 1424 3.6 27.2 23.3 23.4 5.5 5.1 7.6 7.4 6/10/85 1320 1.3 27.8 24.2 6.8 7.7 10B 6/10/85 1339 3.3 28.1 24.0 6.6 7.6 11 6/10/85 1353 1.3 28.5 24.9 7.4 7.8 12 6/10/85 1446 3.0 26.2 23.7 7.5 7.8 13 6/10/85 1515 2.3 23.4 24.0 5.9 7.5 I 6/10/85 14 1542 3.0 25.5 23.1 7.3 7.9 15 6/11/85 0845 3.6 23.8 22.0 6.1 7.3 16 6/11/85 0928 4.3 21.1 23.0 6.1 7.5 17 6/11/85 1010 1.3 30.2 22.8 3.6 7.6 1
I l
I I
I
I C-12 TABLE C-8. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JULY 1985 I -
Depth in Salinity Temperature 02 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH I 1 2
7/8/35 7/8/35 0950 1022 6.2 5.0 23.6 23.2 22.4 23.7 6.3 5.4 7.3 7.3 3 7/8/35 1045 3.9 26.0 23.8 5.8 7.7 4 7/8/35 1107 5.2 26.6 24.3 2.9 7.5 4A 7/8/85 1133 4.6 26.3 24.7 5.6 7.7 5 7/3/85 1150 3.6 24.5 29.0 4.4 7.5 6 7/3/35 1205 3.6 24.7 23.3 4.3 7.5 7 7/3/35 1222 5.6 24.4 26.4 5.2 7.6 8 7/8/85 1235 3.5 ' 24.6 26.3 5.2 7.6 9 7/3/35 1255 5.5 24.7 25.6 5.4 7.6 10 7/8/35 1503 5.5 23.5 25.7 4.6 7.5 10A 7/3/85 1355 2.5 25.1 26.4 7.1 7.7 10B 7/8/35 1420 4.5 25.5 26.3 6.5 7.7 11 7/8/85 1432 2.5 25.5 26.4 6.6 7.7 12 7/8/35 1525 4.5 23.9 25.4 6.9 7.8
)
13 7/3/35 1550 3.0 22.3 25.3 5.1 7.7 I 14 15 7/8/35 7/9/35 1612 0830 4.5 4.5 23.3 21.0 25.0 23.7 6.6 4.6 7.8 6.8 16 7/9/85 0355 6.0 19.8 23.8 4.0 7.0 17 7/9/35 0945 2.5 23.0 22.8 2.4 7.2 I l I
I I .
, - - - - - - , - - - - _ , - ,- ,+-y- , , - , - - - ,_ _ . ~ , ._.m..-__,_y _ w , -_--w yg- - -- i___-7 _ _
I C-13 I TABLE C-9. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS AUGUST 1985 I
I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC)
O2 (mg/l) pH I 3/12/85 0856 4.5 23.3 24.9 5.2 7.7 2 8/12/35 0940 4.0 27.2 26.7 3.5 7.6 I 4 3 8/12/85 8/12/35 1015 1040 2.5 4.0 25.3 26.0 27.3 27.5
?.7 1.3 7.7 7.5 4A 3/12/85 1105 2.5 26.2 23.1 5.8 7.3 5 8/12/85 1130 2.0 24.4 30.3 5.5 7.3 6 8/12/35 1200 3.0 24.2 30.7 6.5 7.3 7 3/12/85 1220 4.5 24.0 31.6 6.4 7.3 8 8/12/85 1245 3.0 24.3 31.3 6.1 7.3 9 8/12/85 1300 5.5 24.3 27.6 6.2 7.9 10 3/12/35 1513 5.0 23.0 28.0 4.0 7.6 10A 3/12/35 1405 2.5 25.2 28.9 6.7 7.8 10B 8/12/35 1430 4.0 25.2 29.1 7.3 7.9 11 3/12/85 1450 2.5 25.6 28.3 6.9 7.9 12 8/12/35 1535 4.0 23.7 28.3 7.7 S.0 13 3/12/35 1600 3.5 20.3 29.4 7.4 7.9 g 14 s/12/35 1700 4.0 22.9 28.5 7.6 8.0 15 8/13/35 0850 4.0 20.3 25.7 6.4 7.1 16 8/13/85 0915 5.0 20.3 (I
25.9 4.2 7.2 17 3/13/85 0945 2.0 23.2 25.9 2.6 7.3 i
I I
I I
I C-14 I
I TABLE C-10. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS SEPTEMBER 1985 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC)
O2 (mg/1) pH I 9/9/85 0845 6.0 31.1 25.0 4.6 7.7 2 9/9/85 0915 4.0 29.4 26.0 3.3 7.6 3 9/9/85 0935 2.5 28.7 26.0 4.1 7.6 i l
4 9/9/85 0955 4.0 29.4 26.1 2.1 7.4 4A 9/9/85 1015 2.5 29.6 26.7 4.5 7.5 5 9/9/85 1030 2.0 28.1 30.0 4.4 7.6 6 9/9/85 -1040 3.0 28.0 30.0 4.7 7.7 7 9/9/85 1100 5.0 28.1 30.6 5.2 7.7 8 9/9/85 1110 3.0 28.1 30.9 5.4 7.7 9 9/9/85 1115 6.0 28.3 26.6 5.4 7.6 I 10 10A 9/9/85 9/9/85 1325 1235 6.0 2.0 26.4 28.5 26.8 29.3 3.6 6.3 7.5 7.8 l
l 10B 9/9/85 1240 4.0 28.8 28.2 6.3 7.8 11 9/9/85 1300 2.5 28.8 27.5 6.1 7.8 12 9/9/85 1400 4.5 27.3 26.9 7.3 7.8 13 9/9/85 1420 4.0 26.2 27.3 5.7 7.7 14 9/9/85 1440 4.5 24.7 27.3 6.9 7.8 15 9/10/85 0840 5.0 23.9 25.3 3.4 7.1 16 9/10/85 0910 3.5 21.9 26.0 2.7 7.2 17 9/10/85 0930 2.5 30.2 23.2 2.2 7.3 I .
I I
1
I C-15 I
TABLE C-11. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS OCTOBER 1985 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity o/oo Temperature (OC)
O2 (mg71) pH I 10/14/85 0345 9.0 31.7 17.9 6.1 7.6 I 2 3
10/14/85 10/14/85 0923 1000 5.5 3.5 23.0 27.3 17.0 17.1 6.5 6.0 7.6 7.6 4 10/14/85 1027 5.0 28.9 17.7 l
4.4 7.5 4A 10/14/85 1045 3.5 23.3 13.4 4.4 7.4 5 10/14/85 1100 3.5 25.9 24.0 6.0 7.6 6 10/14/85 1115 4.0 25.8 23.7 6.2 7.6 7 10/14/85 1140 6.0 26.6 24.4 6.3 7.6 3 10/14/85 1158 4.5 26.5 24.5 6.3 7.6 9 10/14/85 1210 3.0 26.6 13.1 7.0 7.7 10 10/14/35 1430 6.5 26.5 19.0 5.9 7.6 10A 10/14/35 1330 3.5 26.7 20.0 7.6 7.7 10B 10/14/85 1345 5.0 26.3 20.1 7.3 7.7 11 10/14/85 1400 3.5 27.5 19.0 6.7 7.7 12 10/14/35 1450 5.0 25.3 13.7 7.9 7.7 g 13 10/14/85 1530 4.5 25.3 13.0 7.6 7.3 14 10/14/85 1600 5.0 24.7 17.2 6.5 7.7 15 10/15/35 0830 5.5 23.4 13.1 7.5 7.5 16 10/15/85 0915 7.0 19.7 13.1 5.0 7.3 17 10/15/35 1015 2.0 29.7 19.3 5.0 7.3 I
I C-16 TABLE C-12. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS NOVEMBER 1985 I Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH I 11/11/85 0852 7.0 29.4 13.8 8.4 7.7 2 11/11/85 0935 5.0 29.0 13.6 7.3 7.6 3 11/11/85 1001 2.5 27.5 13.7 8.4 7.7 4 11/11/85 1017 4.5 28.0 13.9 6.2 7.5 g
4A 11/11/85 1037 2.5 27.4 13.6 8.1 7.6 I 11/11/85 1052 2.5 24.5 13.8 3.5 7.5 5
6 11/11/35 1110 3.0 24.6 13.3 9.0 7.6 7 11/11/35 1125 5.0 24.2 13.7 3.6 7.5 8 11/11/85 1141 3.5 24.9 13.5 8.5 7.6 9 11/11/85 1159 7.0 25.5 13.1 8.5 7.6 10 11/11/85 1350 5.5 25.6 13.6 7.3 7.5 10A 11/11/85 1259 2.5 26.5 14.1 9.6 7.6 I 10B 11 11/11/85 11/11/85 1313 1323 4.5 2.5 26.8 26.3 13.6 14.4 9.6 9.3 7.6 7.6 12 11/11/35 1410 4.5 26.2 13.8 9.5 7.5 13 11/11/35 1436 4.0 25.7 14.2 8.7 7.6 14 11/11/35 1456 4.5 23.9 13.8 8.2 7.6 15 11/12/35 0845 4.5 25.3 12.7 9.4 7.2 16 11/12/35 0906 6.5 22.0 12.3 8.0 7.5 17 11/12/35 0957 2.5 30.0 13.3 6.3 7.5 I
I C-17 l I TABLE C-13. MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF WATER QUALITY VALUES OBSERVED DURING EACH MONTH OF EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER I 1984 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985.
I Parameter Date Maximum Minimum Mean
+ Standard
-Deviation Dec 1984 7.1 4.1 5.9 0.9 Jan 1985 5.8 -0.2 1.8 1.9 Feb 4.0 -0.1 1.8 1.2 Mar 13.7 6.6 9.6 I- Apr 13.7 7.2 11.5 2.1 1.5 May 28.3 15.0 23.8 2.9 l
I Temperature (CC)
Jun Jul Aug 28.0 29.0 31.8 19.5 22.4 24.9 23.9 25.3 28.2 2.2 1.7 1.9 i
I Sep Oct Nov 30.9 24.5 14.2 25.0 17.0 12.7 27.4 19.5 13.6 1.8 5.0 3.7 Dec 1984 29.1 16.2 20.6 3.1 Jan 1985 28.4 18.9 23.9 2.3 I Feb Mar Apr 31.1 31.8 29.9 14.9 18.0 21.1 22.3 25.7 26.4 3.9 2.8 2.2 Sa!!nity May 32.5 19.0 25.2
' 2.9 (o/oo) Jun 31.9 21.1 27.3 2.4 Jul 28.6 19.8 24.8 2.2 Aug 28.8 20.3 24.6 2.2 I Sep 31.1 ,
21.9 27.8 2.2 Oct 31.7 19.7 26.6 2.4 i
l Nov 30.0 22.0 26.2 1.9 Dec 1984 7.9 7.5 7.8 0.1 Jan 1985 8.0 7.6 7.8 0.1 I Feb Mar Apr 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 pH May 7.7 I Jun Jul 7.9 7.8 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.4 7.6 7.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 Aug 8.0 7.1 7.7 0.2 Sep 7.8 7.1 7.6 0.2 l Oct 7.8 7.3 7.6 0.1 Nov 7.7 7.2 7.6 0.1 I
I .
+ - , - - , - - - - - - , - - - - , , , , _ , --
,,- , , , _ , ,, , - - - , - , , - ~ , - - + - - - - --
C-18 TABLE C-13. (Continued)
-+ Standard Parameter Date Maximum Minimum Mean Deviation Dec.1984 11.1 9.6 10.2 0.4 Jan.1985 12.3 9.7 11.3 0.6 Feb. 11.7 10.0 11.0 0.3 ;
i Dissolved Oxygen Mar.
A pr.
May 11.8 9.8 8.2 8.3 8.1 5.0 9.9 8.9 6.8 0.6 0.4 0.7 (mg/1) Jun. 7.5 3.0 5.8 1.1 I Jul.
Aug.
Sep.
6.9 7.7 7.3 2.4 1.8 2.1 5.2 5.6 4.7 1.1 1.7 1.5 I Oct.
Nov.
7.9 9.6 4.4 6.2 6.4 8.4 1.0 0.9 I
I I
I I
I 1
I l
I l
'I _ _ . _ - -
I C-19 Temperature I Water temperatures in December 1984 (Table C-1) were generally several degrees lower than those recorded during December 1983. The maximum temperature for l
the month was 7.10C at Stations 1,7, and 8. The minimum temperature recorded for the month was 4.10C at Station 2. The mean water temperature for December 1984 was 5.90C (Table C-13),1.70C below the average temperature for the bay in December 1983 (Hillman et al.,1985).
In January 1985, water temperatures reached their lowest point for the year, with temperatures of -0.50C and -0.20C being recorded at Stations 2 and 3, respectively (Table C-2). The maximum water temperature recorded that month was 5.80C at Station I 8. The mean water temperature of I.80C (Table C-13) was somewhat lower than the 2.50C recorded in January 1984.
Water temperatures remained low in February, with a mean temperature of 1.80C (Table C-13). The maximum water temperature for February, recorded at Station 17, fell to 4.00C, while a minimum of -0.10C was recorded at Station 3 (Table C-3).
By March, water temperatures had risen considerably, with temperatures recorded in the middle of the month at a maximum of 13.70C at Station 7, and a minimum I of 6.600 at Station 1 (Table C-4). The mean of 9.60C (Table C-13) was somewhat above the 1984 value of 6.60C (Hillman et al.,1985).
The mean water temperature for April reflects the steady increase in water temperatures in the bay at that time of year. The mean of !!.50C (Table C-13) was comparable to the 1984 April mean of II.80C. A maximum temperature of 13.70C at Station 5 and a minimum of 7.20C at Station 17 (Table C-5) are indicative of a warming trend.
I One of the sharpest contrasts between water temperatures in 1984 and 1985 cccurred in May. A mean value of 23.80C for May 1985 (Table C-13) is on a par with summer averages for 1984 The mean water temperature for May 1984 was 16.00C. A I maximum temperature of 28.30C was recorded at Station 3 while the lowest temperature for the month,15.00C, was recorded at Station 1 (Table C-6).
June 1985 water temperatures were somewhat below those reported for the same period in 1984, the month during which the warmest water temperatures of 1984 were recorded. The monthly mean was 23.90C (Table C-13), 3.50C lower than the June 1984 mean water temperature (Hillman et al.,1985). The highest water temperature in l
I
I I C-20 June 1985, 28.00C, occurred at Station 8, while the lowest,19.50C, was measured at Station 1 (Table C-7).
1 Water temperatures increased through July. The monthly mean of 25.30C l (Table C-13) was slightly above last year's mean of 23.60C. A July maximum temperature of 29.00C was recorded at Station 5, and a minimum of 22.40C occurred at Station 1 I (Table C-8).
The August mean water temperature of 28.20C (Table C-13) was the highest mean temperature recorded for the study area during the present reporting period, and was slightly above the 1984 value of 26.00C (Hillman et al., 1985). Maximum temperatures for this period were 31.60C and 31.80C at Stations 7 and 8, respectively (Table C-9). In 1984, uniform temperatures ranged from 26.00C to 26.60C at 13 stations.
In 1985, the contrast in temperatures was greater from station to station with only four stations having temperatures over 30.00C. The monthly low of 24.90C was recorded at Station 1.
I The highest minimum water temperature for the year, 25.00C at Station 1, occurred in September (Table C-10), while in 1984 it was recorded in August (Hillman et al.,1985). Temperatures of 30.00C,30.00C,30.60C, and 30.90C were reported at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 8, while in 1984 the temperatures ranged from 22.00C to 22.20C at these stations. This may be explained by the operation of the OCNGS which was in a major outage until late November of 1984. The mean water temperature for this period was 27.40C as compared to 22.20C in 1984.
I Another sharp contrast between 1984 and 1985 values was shown during the cooling period of autumn. The October 1985 maximum temperature of 24.50C at Station 8 was 7.50C above the maximum value for 1984 (Table C-Il and Hillman et al.,1985).
The lowest water temperature for this period was 17.00C, which was 3.0.0C above last year's minimum of 14.00C. The mean temperature for October 1985 was 19.50C (Table C-3).
November water temperatures were also several degrees above last year's water temperatures in the bay. The maximum temperature of 14.20C at Statior.13 (Table C-12) reflected the sharp cooling trend that usually takes place during this time of year.
I The minimum temperature of 12.70C at Station 15 was still 5.90C above the 1984 value of 6.80C for this period. The mean water temperature of 13.60C for November 1985 was somewhat higher than the 1984 mean of 10.90C (Hillman et al.,1985).
Ice occurred in the sampling area during January and February 1985. In January, there was ice at Stations 2, 3, 4A, 6,12,14,16, and 17. In February, slushy ice occurred at Stations 2, 4, and 7, with a more extensive cover at Stations 3,4A,5,6,9,12, 16, and 17. A thin film of ice covered the areas at Stations 8 and 11.
I C-21 I The average temperature at each station for the bioyear July 1984 through June 1985 is shown in Figure C-2, and Figure C-3 shows the average water temperature by region. Average temperatures were less uniform throughout the bay during the most recent bioyear than during the previous bioyear. With the exception of Station 9, those I stations closest to the power plant showed elevated temperatures compared to temperatures at stations elsewhere in the bay.
Table C-14 compares water temperatures recorded at Station 8 in Oyster Creek since July 1975 with those recorded at Stations 2, 9,12,15, and 17, which are outside Oyster Creek. Over that time period, water temperatures at Station 3 have been elevated above those at Stations 2 and 15 for 37 percent of the time, above those at I Station 9,75 percent of the time; and above those at Station 12,74 percent of the time; and above those at Station 17, 80 percent of the time. Since the plant was not in operation for almost two years, some of the water temperature elevation recorded was due to normally higher ambient temperatures at Station 8.
The results of the factorial ANOVAs on temperature data are shown in Table C-15. All three main effects (region, season, bioyear) were highly significant, with season being the most important based on an examination of the mean square values. This result was expected and is consistent with our observations in previous reports (Hillman et al.,
1984, 1985). Multiple classification analysis indicated that season was the most important controlling variable for temperature, accounting for 77 percent of the observed variation, I down 3 percent from last year.
One-way ANOVAs were also used to examine underlying patterns of variation in temperature by station, month, and bioyear. These analyses were run on all data collected since July 1975. No significant difference was found among stations or I bioyears, but month was highly significant (p = .05) with all months being significantly different. The analysis indicated the following pattern: j MONTH MEAN OC l 1
February 1.67 I 3anuary March December 2.42 5.68 7.71 I April November May 10.54 12.33 16.61 l
l October 17.56 I June September July 22.59 24.27 25.40 August 27.50 I
j 1_
M
?N M
E H
T M ,7 R
/
1 O _
F _
8
,6 D M 1 E T
,5 A 1
L U
M C M ,4 L 1 A C
,3 N MMM
,2 1
1 T S
O I
T A
L
,i E l
N B A
,O P MM I
E A R
,O U .
S 85 O 9 I
M ,0 P1 X
N E E 1
O N l
I Ht
,9 T C3 M A Al i T EG S
,7 Ri U T T48 M ,6 A9 R1 E
P Y L
,5 MU E J M ,A T
R 4 RA E E T
A Y
M ,4 W AL EC
,3 GI AG O M R L E O
,2 V I AB M ,i 2 C
- . - ~ - - - - - _
E 0 8 6 4 2 o R 2 8 I I 1 t U
M 8 ,v $ s N 5 i "! $2s< G I
F M
M
I C-23 I :
l l
20-I i8-i G l 16-
= l l 0 -
- a. '
I y i4-I l2-I 10 , , , , ,
I 2 3 4 5 I REGION I FIGURE C-3. AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATURE FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY 1984 THROUGH JUNE 1985.
REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS 1,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,108,11; REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14,15,16B.
I I
I C-24 I I !
TABLE C-14. TEMPERATURES RECORDED AT STATION 3 COMPARED TO FIVE !
OTHER EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN VARIOUS REGIONS AT BARNEG AT BAY SINCE JULY 1975 I Station 3 Compared To: Station 2 Station 9 Station 12 Station IJ Station 17 I Number of Observations Lower Than 15 19 29 10 22 Equal To 1 12 3 6 2 0.1 to 0.90C Higher 16 14 14 14 10 1.0 to 1.90C Higher 14 12 15 15 16 2.0 to 2.90C Higher 11 17 12 15 14 3.0 to 3.90C Higher 20 13 22 14 12 4.0 to 4.90C Higher 22 22 11 21 19 5.0 to 5.90C Higher 10 6 10 13 '7 6.0 to 6.90C Higher 7 3 5 7 5 7.0 to 8.50C Higher 6 0 0 2 4 8.50C Higher 0 0 0 0 1 Missing Pairs 3 2 4 3 3 I Summary Total Observations 122 123 121 122 122 ,
Number of Times Elevated 106 92 39 106 98 Percent of Times Elevated 37 75 74 87 30 Number of Times 3.0-5.90C 52 46 43 53 43 Percent of Times 3.0-5.90C 43 37 36 43 39 I l l
I C-25 These results are very similar to those reported in previous years (Hillman et Salinity I Salinities at the 20 collecting stations for the present report period are given in Tables C-1 through C-12. Mean salinities for the bay throughout the report period are shown in Table C-13.
Salinities for this report period were generally higher and more uniform throughout the bay than during the previous period (Hillman et al.,1985). The lowest reported salinity for this period was 14.9 in February 1985, at Station 5. Mean values ranged from 20.6 to 27.80/oo during the present report period as compared to 11.3 to I 22.00/oo during the same period last year (Hillman et al.,1985).
Seasonal salinity cycles fo!! owed a pattern typical of those shown in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985) with values from 30.0 to 32.50/oo occurring during the early summer (May and June) and autumn (September through November). Seasonal lows in the 14 to ISO /oo range occurred from December through March.
Unlike last year, no sub-100/oo salinity levels were reached during the present report period. The only critical value approached was 14.90/oo at Station 5 during February (Table C-3). This salinity could be considered critical since the minimum salinities at which Bankia gouldi will grow and reproduce are from 10 to 14 (Allen,1924; Turner, 1973). The only sub-16 salinities reached this year were during February at I Station 5 (14.9) and Station 13 (15.4) (Table C-3). In fact, the only othae manth ir. which salinities dropped below 200/oo was December 1984, when they ranged from 16.2 to 19.60/oo at 10 stations (Table C-1). 1 During June, salinities generally ranged from 27 to 280/oo at Stations 4A through 10B (Table C-7). During July and August, values were typically in the 24 to 250/oo range (Tables C-8 and C-9). In September, values of 28 to 290/oo were generally I reached (Table C-10), falling off slightly to 24 to 260/oo in October and November (Tables C-Il and C-12). Salinities reached 30 to 320/oo at Stations 1 and 17, on the east side of the bay, frequently during the early summer and fall months (Tables C-6, C-7, and C-10 through C-12). Last year, salinities exceeded 300/oo cnly once. That was at Station 1, a high salinity area on the east side of the bay, during September. Salinities during the summer of the previous report period (Hillman et al.,1985) were generally in the 13 to 180/oo range and primarily reached values from 20 to 240/co from September through November.
I
m m m M M M M M M M M M W W M M M M
- 30-1 t
28-o
' _ 26-8 i
2 _
i >-
i D 24-I 7
3 h -
0 ?
< 22-M uJ l >
1 l 20-I l8-1
! I I s I I I I I i
I I I I :
2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 I s e p 3 g g IO LOA LOB 11 12 13 14 15 168 17 STATION J
1 FIGURE C-4. AVERAGE SALINITY (0/oo) AT EACH EXPOSURE PANEL STATION CALCULATED FOR TH BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY 1984 THROUGil JUNE 1985.
l j
I i
I_____________________________ - - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - - ___ _ -
I C-27 I
I Average salinities at each station, calculated for the bioyear from July 1984 through June 1985, are shown in Figure C-4, and the average salinity for each region for the bioyear is plotted in Figure C-5. Mean values were more uniform throughout the most recent bioyear than they were during the previous bioyear (Hillman et al.,1985), with Stations 13 and 16 having the lowest average salinities (Figure C-4). The salinity patterns from region to region (Figure C-5) were similar to patterns shown in other years, with the highest values at Stations 1 and 17 (Hillman et al.,1985).
I The results of the factorial ANOVAs for salinity are shown in Table C-15. As in previous years (Hillman et al.,1985), all three main e:fects and two-way interactions were significant. Based on the relative magnitudes of the mean square, region was the I most important factor. According to the results of the multiple classification analysis, this factor accounted for approximately 19 percent of the total variation.
Examination of the variation in salinity among stations using all data collected since 1975 via ANOVA and SNK produced the following pattern of significance (stations joined by a single line are not significantly different at p <.05):
Stations: 16 13 10 14 15 5 12 6 7 8 10A 11 9 10B 3 2 4A 4 17 1 These results are similar to those reported previously (Hillman et al.,1985) and clearly show stations to the north of OCNGS to have significantly lower salinities.
Station 1, at Barnegat Inlet, has significantly higher salinities than all other stations.
One-way ANOVA and SNK of salinities by month produced the following '
pattern of significance:
I FEB APR 3AN MAR MAY 3UN DEC JUL AUG NOV OCT SEP l
This pattern is generally similar to that reported last year (Hillman et al.,1985), as was the pattern of salinity variation by bioyear:
I Bioyear: 78/79 83/34 79/30 75/76 77/78 32/33 76/77 34/35 31/32 30/31 I
I
I C-28 I
30-l -
28-I 8 26-l E 1
l
- 5
$ 24- ,
w I C u
I <
22-20- ,
I 10 i i I
e i i I 2 3 4 5 REGION FIGURE C-5. AVERAGE SALINITY (0/oo) FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY 1984 THROUGH JUNE 1985.
REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS 1,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,10B,11; I REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14,15,16B.
I
I i
l C-29 I TABLE C-15. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SALINITIES RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985.
Sum of Mean Significance Source of Varlation Squares DF Square F of F I Main Effects 26604.172 1773.611 15 137.2409 0.000 Region 13021.473 4 3255.368 251.8983 0.000 Season 4374.122 3 1458.041 112.8222 0.000 Bioyear 9021.388 8 1127.673 87.25865 0.000 2-Way Interactions 15767.229 68 231.871 17.94203 0.000 l Region / Season 318.505 12 26.542 2.053811 0.017 Region /Bioyear 917.770 32 28.680 2.219263 0.000 Season /Bioyear I 3-Way Interactions 14424.801 24 601.033 46.50757 0.000 1649.387 91 18.125 1.402511 0.008 Region / Season /Bioyear 1649.387 91 18.125 1.402511 0.008 Explained 44020.788 174 252.993 19.57644 0.000 I " " -' 2** *'* ' 7" '2 '2' I TOTAL 67205.266 1968 34.149 I
I I
C-30 I
e I
pH values were very uniform seasonally throughout the study area, and are shown in Tables C-1 through C-13. The lowest rnean value was 7.4, recorded in May, while the highest mean value was 7.8, recorded in both December 1984 and January 1985 (Table C-13). Only one sub-7.0 pH value, a pH of 6.8 at Station 15 in July (Table C-3),
was recorded for the year. The lowest overall pH values occurred in May (Table C-6).
I The highest pH, 8.0, occurred at Station 17 in January (Table C-2), Station 16 in March (Table C-4), ar:d at Stations 12 and 14 in August (Table C-9).
The results of the factorial ANOVAs on pH are given in Table C-16. All three main effects were highly significant for the analysis using bioyear. Bioyear was the most important single factor based on mean square values; however, neither ANOVA explained much of the variation in pH (<20 percent for region-season-bioyear). Variation in pH, though statistically significant, continued to be of insufficient magnitude to affect I teredinid populations (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983).
Further analysis of pH patterns via one-way ANOVA and SNK indicated no clear pattern of variation among stations:
l Station: 10137658 16 4 15 2 12 9 3 14 17 4A 11 10A 1 10B I Similarly, there was no clear pattern of significant variation by month:
JUN JAN FEB APR SEP OCT DEC JUL NOV MAR MAY AUG Although some differences were apparent when the data were examined by bioyear, these did not comprise any directed temporal pattern of change in the bay:
Bioyear: 80/81 83/84 75/76 84/85 76/77 81/82 79/80 77/78 82/83 78/79 Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen values for the study region are shown in Tables C-1 through C-12, with maximum, minimum, and mean values shown in Table C-13. Dissolved oxygen I
I .
- - c m p
I C-31 TABLE C-16. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF pH RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985.
I Source of Variation Sum of Squares DF Mean Square F Significance of F Main Effects 97.443 15 6.496 39.18347 0.000 I Region Season Bioyear 6.195 8.075 82.479 4
3 8
1.549 2.692 10.310 9.342079 16.23521 62.18656 0.000 0.000 0.000 2-Way Interactions 96.739 68 1.423 8.581027 0.000 I Region / Season Region /Bioyear Season /Bloyear 4.108 8.690 83.973 12 32 0.342 0.272 2.064755 1.633052 0.016 0.014 24 3.499 21.10453 0.000 I 3-Way Interactions 18.957 91 0.208 1.256561 0.055 Region / Season /Bioyear 18.957 91 0.208 1.256561 0.055 Explained 213.139 174 1.225 7.388577 0.000 Residual 297.425 1794 0.166 TOTAL 510.564 1968 0.259 I
I I
I I -
C-32 values are typically lower during the summer months when the warmer bay water cannot hold as much oxygen as during the winter months when bay temperatures are much lower.
Dissolved oxygen values for this report period fit the seasonal pattern discussed in previous reports (e.g., Hillman et al.,1985). Values from June to October are generally in the 4.0 to 7.0 mg/l range (Tables C-7 through C-II). Abnormally low values of 2.4, 2.6, and 2.2 mg/l were measured from July through September at Station 17 (Tables C-8 through C-10). A value of 1.3 mg/l was reewded at Station 4 during August, and 2.1 mg/l in September (Tables C-9 and C-12). The only other very low value (2.7 mg/1) occurred at Station 16, also in September (Table C-10). Dissolved oxygen measurements from December through March are in the 9.5 to 11.5 mg/l range (Tables C-I through C-4). The maximum mean value occurred during January, and the minimum I mean value was recorded in September (Table C-13).
The results of the factorial ANOVAs for dissolved oxygen are shown in Table C-17. For the analysis using bioyear, all three main effects were very highly significant, with seasonal variation being by far the most important factor affecting dissolved oxygen concentrations. Based on the results of the multiple classification analysis, season accounted for 56 percent of the total variation in dissolved oxygen in the bay.
One-way ANOVA by station indicated no significant differences (p = .05).
When this analysis was repeated by month, a clear pattern of relationships was apparent:
JUL SEP AUG JUN OCT MAY NOV APR DEC JAN MAR FEB This pattern varied only slightly from previous reports (Hillman et al.,1935) and is consistent with the relationship between dissolved oxygen and water temperature discussed above.
When the data were analyzed by bioyear, the pattern of significant differences varied somewhat from last year's observations and correlates well with the temperature results discussed above:
Bioyear: 34/85 83/34 80/81 82/33 81/82 75/76 76/77 77/73 79/80 73/79 The two most recent bioyears, which were characterized by elevated temperatures, had correspondingly decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations.
I
I C-33 l
i TABLE C-17. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER 1985.
I Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 7990.959 15 532.731 264.0364 0.000 Region 103.906 I 25.976 12.87467 0.000 4
Season 7004.227 3 2334.742 1157.164 0.000 Bioyear 1109.202 8 138.650 68.71901 0.000 2-Way Interactions 864.210 68 12.709 6.298927 0.000 Region / Season 51.661 12 4.305 2.133736 0.013 Region /Bloyear 83.621 32 2.613 1.295151 0.125 Season /Bioyear 725.588 24 30.233 14.98426 0.000 3-Way Interactions 164.343 91 1.806 0.8950862 0.749 I Region / Season /Bioyear 164.343 91 1.806 0.8950862 0.749 Explained 9019.512 174 51.836 25.69152 0.000 Residual 3619.648 1794 2.018 TOTAL 12639.160 1968 6.422 I
I
C-34 I
I References Cited Allen, M.S. 1924. Toxicity of certain compounds on marine wood boring organisms I together with some physiological considerations. In: W.G. Atwood et al.,
Marine Structures, Their Deterioration and Preservation, pp. 181-196, National Research Council, Washington, D.C..
Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
, C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984 Study of Woodborer I Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
Hoagland, K.E., L. Crockett and R. Turner. 1980. Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Stations.
NUREG/CR-1517. 65 pp.
Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, P.I. Feder and C.I. Belmore.1982. Study of Woodberer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual I Report to GPU Nuclear, Battelle New England Mr.rine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.
Miller, R.G., Jr. 1966. Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., New York, Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, J.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1975. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 2nd Edition. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc., New York.
Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1978. Woodborer Study I Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1,1976 to November 30, 1977, to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No.14819.
, C.I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978, to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, I Report No.14893.
Turner, R.D. 1973. Report on Marine Borers (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek, Waretown, I New Jersey. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
First Report, April 3,1973. 30 pp.
I I
I
I ;
l I:
A I
%W Ballelle I New England Marine Research Laboratory 397 Washington Street Dusbury, Massachusetts 02332 Telephone (617) 934-5682 I
I I
I I
I I
I I
~
I 1
I' I