ML20092K238

Study of Woodborer Populations Re Oyster Creek Generating Station,Dec 1982 - Nov 1983

ML20092K238
Person / Time
Site:	Oyster Creek
Issue date:	11/30/1983
From:	Belmore C, Hillman R, Mcgrath R BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY
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ML20092K222	List: ML20092K213 ML20092K238
References
NUDOCS 8406280148
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FINAL ANNUAL REPORT For the Period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 on STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION to CPU Nuclear Corporation May 15,1984 by R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath, and P.T. Banas Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Pare M AN A G E M ENT SU M M A R Y.... .. .. ... . .. .. . .. ......... . .... ......... .. . ... ..... . .... .. . . . ...... . ........ i I N T RO D U CTIO N . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. .. . . . 1 Patt e rns of Species Abundance.. ... . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .......... ...... . . .. ...... ................ . 3 Abundance and Distribution of Teredo navalis..................................... 5 Abundance and Distribution of Bankia gouldi....................................... 7 Abundance and Distribution of Teredo bartschi................................... 8 Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria............................................. 9 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................9 R EF ER EN C ES CITED.. . . . . . . .... .. ...... ... . .... .. ... ... .. .... .... .. .. .......... ..... ........... .... . ... 10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Numbers of Teredinids in Long-Term (6-Month) Panels Submerged June,1982 Through May,1983 and Removed Sequentially From December,1982 Through November, 1983...............................................................................................4 Table 2. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-Term Panels Removed Monthly From December,1982 Through November,1983..................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations o f Exposure Panels.. . .. . . . . ... .... .. .. . . . . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . ....... ... .. . .. ...... ...... .... . ... ... 2 APPENDIX A E X PO S U R E P A N E LS . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. A- 1 APPENDIX B BOR ER D EV ELOPM ENTAL STATUS................................................................... B-1 APPENDIX C W AT E R Q U A LITY.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. C- 1 l

i MANAGEMENT

SUMMARY

The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975, at the request of the 3ersey Central Power & Light Company, which owns the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation. This repert covers the period from December 1,1982 through November 30, 1983, and includes a oi:cussion of the pattern of distribution, abundance, and reproductive activity of woodborec:

observed since the beginning of the program.

During the present reporting period, only two species of molluscan woodborers were identified from either short-term or long-term panels. These were the teredinids, Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi. A number of specimens too small to be identified to species were collected and categorized as Teredinidae, but they were probably one or the other of the above-mentioned species. A third species, T. bartschi, found only in thermally-affected areas since the program began in 1975, was not collected during the present reporting period. It has not been collected in the study area since Feb uary,1982.

A fourth species, T. furcifera, which was of concern during the first years of the program, has not been identified from any panel since March,1977.

The crustacean woodborer, Limnoria cf. tuberculata, was recorded from six stations, none of which were in the area affected by the discharge of the OCNGS.

The total abundance of 5,601 individual teredinids over the present reporting period represents a decline of only 2 percent from the total abundance collected last year.

Most of the specimens collected were Teredo navalis from Station 1.

In general, patterns of abundance and distribution of Teredo navalis have varied very little since the program began. Most T. navalis occur at Stations 1 and 17 outside the area affected by the OCNGS discharge. There are also elevated abundances at Stations 2 and 11.

In contrast to the stable patterns of abundance and distribution shown by Teredo navalis, there has been a continual and significant decline in the abundance ~of Bankia gouldi over the past several years. This decline continued into the present reporting period, but sharply increased abundances over the last few months indicate a possible reversal of that trend.

Gonad development patterns of Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi remained consistent with what has been reported for previous years. Again, there appears to be no

effect of the OCNGS on normal gonad cycles. The possibility of an extended breeding season for T. bartscht in the thermal discharge area has been discussed in prior reports.

With the disappearan e of T. bartschi from our panels, no comments can be made on any effects that the OCNGS might have had on gonad developmental cycles in that species.

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1 STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION by R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas INTRODUCTION The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975 at the request of the Jersey Central Power & Light Company (3CP&L) which owns the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS), operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation.

The OCNGS has used salt water from Barnegat Bay as condenser cooling water since the plant began commercial operation in December,1969. The thermal effluent from the plant enters Oyster Creek approximately two miles inland from Barnegat Bay (Figure 1). Oyster Creek flows into the bay about one mile south of Forked River, which provides water to the intake of the plan't's cooling system. Recirculation of water from the Oyster Creek discharge canalinto Forked River has been calculated to occur between 4 and 22% of the time (M. Kennish, GPU Nuclear Corporation, personal communication),

with some of the effluent also flowing south towards Waretown. The morphology and flow direction of the thermal plume is variable, being dependent primarily on the wind with some tidalinfluence. Consequently, organisms in Oyster Creek and contiguous waters are sometimes exposed to water temperatures above ambient bay levels.

A heavy outbreak of teredinid woodboring molluscs in the Oyster Creek area in the early 1970s raised concern about the possible effect of the operation of the OCNGS on woodborer populations in Oyster Creek r.nd in the Barnegat Bay system. This study has

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3 been conducted in an effort to determine whether the operation of the OCNGS is indeed having an impact on the distribution, abundance, and/or reproductive patterns of the various species of teredinids occurring in the bay.

This report covers the sampling year from December 1, 1982 through November 30,1983, with some comparisons being made of these data to those of previous years. Data concerning shipworm distribution and abundance are detailed in Appendix A.

Gonad developmental patterns are described in Appendix B, and water quality data collected over the study period are detailed in Appendix C.

PATTERNS OF SPECIES ABUNDANCE Abundance of teredinids occurring in long-term (6-month) panels are summarized in Table 1. The total abundance of 5,601 individuals over the p.esent reporting period represents a decline of only 2 percent from the total abundance of 5,737 individuals collected last year (Hillman et al.,1983).

Although there was little difference in total numbers of shipworms collected during the present reporting period compared to last year's collections, there was a considerable distribution difference. Almost 80 percent of all shipworms collected from December,1982 through November,1983 were collected from Station 1. Over the same period last year, only 53 percent of the shipworms were collected from that station. Part of the difference may have been caused by the fact that, last year, attack was so heavy at Station 1 during the May to November period that no panel was left for examination in November,1982. However, only 400 individuals were ccliected at Station 1 in November, 1983. The difference of 1,437 individuals between years comes primarily from the greater abundances during the February to August and March to September periods. I ast year, the peak abundance occurred during the April to October pericd.

Stations 11 and 15 had a total of about 13 percent of all the shipworms collected this year, with the remaining 7 percent distributed over the other 17 stations.

Station 7, at which substantial numbers of shipworms were collected in previous years (Maciotek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983), contributed only about 3 percent of the total number of shipworms collected during the present reporting period.

This decline in abundance be.gan with the disappearance of Teredo bartschi in early 1982.

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' ~ ~ ~' TABLE 1. NOMBERS OF' TEREDINIDS I LONG-TERM (6-month) PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE,1982 THROUGH MAY, 1983 AND REMOVED SEQUENTIALLY FROM DECEMBER, 1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 Site Submerged Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Removed Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total No.  % Total 1 650 700

• 68 327 167 5 900 850 400 400 4467 79.75 2 1 1 0.02 3 2 1 3 0.05 4 2 2 0.04 4A 0 0.00 5 1 1 4 2 1 1 10 0.18 6 1 1 0.02 7 6 4 16 4 84 20 3 4 4 146 1 2.61 8 3 1 2 7 3 3 19 0.34 ,

9 3 1 3 1 8 0.14 10 1 1 0.02 10A 4 2 3 2 1 1 2 15 0.27 10B 1 2 2 2 7 0.12 11 77 62 10 10 45 3 8 46 37 48 52 398 7.11 12 1 2 1 I 1 6 0.11 13 3 1 2 6 23 18 53 0.95 14 28 59 47 120 80 334 5.96 15 2 7 4 1 1 5 20 0.36 16B 1 1 2 0.04 17 9 20 27 4 7 24 17 108 1.93

• No panel examined.

5 Teredo bartschi was the principal teredinid species at Station 7 Juring the late 1970's -

early 1980's, but no specimens of T. bartschi have been collected anywhere in Barnegat Bay since March,1982.

Teredinids were recovered from short-term (1-month) panels during December, 1982 and July through November,1983 (Table 2), an extended period compared to the settling period last year (Hillmr a* al., 1983). Most of the set was at Station i during August and September.

For the second consecutive year, no teredinid larvae were collected from short-term panels at Station 7, whereas two years ago,17 percent of the total set on short-term panels occurred at Station 7 (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). This, again, reflects the disappearance of Teredo bartschi from the study area.

Abundance and Distribution of Toredo navalis Comparisons among stations of abundances of Teredo navalis in long-term panels produced the following grouping (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = 0.05):

16B 61213 4 5 310 4A 10B 9 8 710A 1415 217111 These observations are generally similar to those described in recent reports (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983) and continue to indicate significantly elevated densities of T. navalis near Barnegat Inlet (Stations 1 and 17) and at Stations 2 and 11.

Analyses of the data by bioyear (see Page A-12) did not indicate as many significant differences as were found among stations. When all data were included in the analyses, a broadly overlapping pattern resulted:

83/84 77/78 78/79 81/82 80/81 82/83 76/77 75/76 79/80 This overall pattern is essentially similar to what was described in the previous report (Hillman et al.,1983), and continues to provide no evidence for either an increase or decrease in T. navalis densities throughout the sampling area as a whole.

6 TABLE 2. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983*

T = Teredinidae; Tn = Teredo navalis; Ts = Teredo spp; BG = Bankia gouldi Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 1 90 T 26 T 1100 T 1040 Tn, T 85 T 42 T 2 IT 3

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6 7

8 IT 9 -

10 10A 10B =

11 6T 12 IT I Bg 13 13 T 2T 14 37 T 28 T 15 IT 16B 17 8 Ts, T 5T

• Short-term panels removed January through June,1983 were free of teredinid borers.

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7 Patterns of gonad development in Teredo .iavalis are essentially similar to what has been reported previously (e.g., Hillman et al., 1983. See Appendix B).

Development begins in late winter, with maturation through the early spring. Ripening and spawning can occur in late spring and early summer, somewhat earlier than for Bankia gouldi. The larvae from the early spawning can settle, mature, and spawn before the end of the fall. This pattern is irrespective of the discharge from the Oyster Creek Nuclear

. Generating Station since it occurs outside of the area of the generating station's discharge.

3 Abundance and Distribution of Banki gouldi

_ While populations of Teredo navalis have been relatively stable, Bankia gouldi, j the other major teredinid oorer in Barnegat Bay, has been undergoing sorne interesting

E population fluctuations. Last year, for example, it was reported (Hillman et al.,1983) that the population of B_. gouldi had been steadily and significantly declining. That trend may be reversing this year.

Bankia gouldi was collected on 6-month panels from 9 of the 20 stations during the December,1982 through July,1983 sampling period. Between August and November, B. gouldi was collected at 15 of the 20 sites, a sharp increase over what was observed for the past several se.uns. From December through April, B. gouldi was dominant at only four sites and co-dominant at one. Af ter July,1983, however, it became dominant at 14 of the 20 sites (see Table A-23, Appendix A).

Despite the increased abundance of Bankia gouldi over the last few months of this reporting period, its distribution remained essentially what it has been in recent

years. Comparisons among station means for abundances produced the following

groupings (groups of stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p=0.5):

21716B 13 9 6 4A 10 815 410B 7 510A 12131411 1

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8 These results are generally similar to those presented in the previous two reports (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983) and continue to indicate the unique nature of Station 11. Once again, stations within the area of influence of the generating station (Stations 5, 6, 7, 8) do not tend to group together with respect to B_.

gouldi densities and are not significantly different from most stations in the study area.

Stations 13 and 14 have significantly high densities of B. gouldi, but not as high as Station 11.

Analysis of Bankia gouldi abundance data grouped by bioyear produced a pattern of overlapping significantly different groups that is similar to that reported last year (Hillman et al.,1983):

82/83 81/82 78/79 80/81 83/84 77/78 76/77 79/80 75/76 The trend of decreasing densities of B_. gouldi throughout the Bay remained evident through the 82/83 bioyear, for which data are now complete. Partial data from the current bioyear (83/84), however, tentatively indicate that this trend n ay be reversing.

The reasons for the steady decline in Bankia gouldi abundance through the 82/83 bioyear, and the possible reversal in trend througn the latter part of the present reporting period are not clear. Average temperatures and salinities were not unusual this year (see Appendix C), nor were they out of line with what has been reported previously (Hillman et al.,1983).

Patterns of Bankia gouldi gonad development (Appendix B) continue to remain similar from year to year. Gonad development begins very early in the spring, with maturation and spawning continuing through the summer into early fall. There is no apparent change in this pattern at those stations affected by the discharge from the generating station. '

Abundance and Distribution of Teredo bartschi No T. bartschi were collected from the study area during the present reporting period. This is the first time since the program began that no T. bartschi were collected

9 for an entire reporting period. The reasons for the disappearance of this species from the study area remain unclear.

Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria During the present report period, the crustacean woodborer, Limi.pa, was present at Stations 1,2,3,4,4A, and 5. Attack was up at Stations 2 and 4A (Appendix A, Figure A-6). At Station 2, it was higher than at any other time duing the study, but considerably less than what was recorded at Station 4A. Attack was down sharply at Station 4 af ter a two-year increase. The presence of Limnoria at Station 2 could perhaps be a contributing factor in the decline of teredinids at that site.

CONCLUSIONS The following major conclusions were reached on the basis of data collected since July,1975:

1. There has been a continued decline in the abundance of Bankia gouldi over the past several years. Over the latter portion of the present reporting period, however, a larger number of specimens of B_. gouldi were collected over a wider distribution area, indicating a possible reversal in the declining trend.

2. Population dynamics of Teredo navalis have remained relatively stable throughout the study. Most T. navalis are found at Stations 1 and 17, away from the effects of the OCNGS discharge. Significantly elevated densities occur at Stations 2 and 11, although numbers at Station 2 have declined somewhat in recent years.

3. Irrespective of any population fluctuations, reproductive patterns of both Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi have remained consistent, and apparently unaffected by the discharge from the OCNGS. The only species found throughout the program which may have had its gonadal development pattern influenced by the OCNGS thermal discharge is Teredo bartschi. This species was found only in thermally-affected areas, but hasn't been collected sinca early 1982.

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4. Teredo bartschi has disappeared from the study area.

For the first time since the program began in 1975, no T.

bartschi were collected throughout the entire reporting period, nor have any been collected since March,1982.

Teredo bartschi is the second major teredinid species to disappear from the study area since the program began.

Teredo furcifera, a semi-tropical species, as is T.

bartschi, has not been collected since March,1977.

5. The woodboring crustcean Limnoria cf. tuberculata remains restricted in its distribution within the bay, and is generally not found in arear affected by the OCNGS discharge. Its presence at Station 2 may have a mitigating effect on T_. navails densities at that site.

References Cited Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear Corporation.

Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, MA.

Maciolek-Blake, N.J., R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, and P.I. Feder. 1982. Stuoy of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station.

Annual Report for the period December 1,1980 to November 30,1981 to GPU Nuclear Corporation. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, M A.

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APPENDIX A f

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APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PANELS Table of Contents Page Introduction.......................................................................................................A-1 ,

1 M aterials and M ethods.. ... . .... ........ .. .... . .... . .... . ............. ... . ...... .. ......... . ........ A-1

~

Field.....................................................................................................A-1 Laboratory................................................................................................A-7 S ta tis tical Analysis.... .. . .... ... . ........ .............. ......... ...................................... A- 9 R esul ts and Discussion.... . ..... .... ..... . . . .... ............ ........ ...................... ............ A-17 Modification to Panel Exposure................................................................... A-17 Species Iden tifled...... ................. .. ............. ................................................ A-17 Shor t-ter m ( l -M on th) Panels.................. . . ................. ............... ................... A- 18 l

Dest r uction . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . ... .... . . ., . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . A- 2 2 Iden tifica tions... ... . . ...... . .. .. ...... .......... ......... ..... ...... ....... . ........ ....... ... A- 2 2 Long-term (6-M onth) Panels............ . ...... . ................... ................. ............... A-2 2 Species Distribution and Dominance.................................................... A-4 0 Teredo navalis. . .. ....... ...... .... . .... ..................... ...... A-4 0 Teredo bar tschi....... .. .. . . .. .... .... ........... . ............ .. ........ ....... ..... A-5 6 1

Bankia gou1di .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. . .. . A- 5 6 Des t r uc tion .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . .. . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . A- 61 Long-term (12-Month) Panels..... ................................................................. A-7 0 LimnOria.........................................................................................A-70 R e f er ence s Ci t ed.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . A- 7 7 s

List of Tables P,aggi Table A-1. Geographical Locations of Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory's Exposure Panel Arrays in Barnegat Bay, New 3ersey..... .. ...... ................................................. A-3

. Table A-2. Rating Scale for Teredinid and Limnoria Attack............................... A-10 i Table A-3. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-term Panels Removed Monthly from December,1982 Through November,1983............................... A-19 j

Table A-4. Percent Destruction of Short-term Panels Removed Monthly from December,1982 Through November,1983................................ A-20 Table A-5. Total Amount of Teredinid Settlement in Short-term Panels from July, 1975 Through November, 1983................................................. A-21 Table A-6. Mean Percent Destruction of Short-term Panels Removed July Through November,1975 Through 1983............................................ A-23 Table A-7. Summary of Number of Occurrences of Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, All Teredo, Bankia gouldi and Teredinidae on One-Month Panels in Barnegat Bay........................... A-24 Table A-8. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed December 6-7,1982....... A-27 Table A-9. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed January 3-4,1983.......... A-28 Table A-10. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed February 8-9,1983........ A-29 Table A-II. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed March 7-8, 1983............ A-3 0 l

Table A-12. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed April 5-6, 1983.............. A-31 1

Table A-13. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed May 2-3, 1983............... A-3 2 Table A-14. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed June 6-7, 1983.............. A-3 3 Table A-15. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed July 5-6, 1983............... A-3 4 Table A-16. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed August 1-2, 1983........... A-3 5 Table A-17. Incidence of Teredmidae in Panels Removed September 6-7,1983...... A-36 t

Table A-18. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed October 4-5,1983......... A-37 Table A-19. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed November 7-8,1983...... A-38

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1 69 List of Tables (continued) t Page Table A-20. Number of Teredo navalis in 6-Month Fanels Removed July, 1975 Through November, 1983......................................................... A-41 Table A-21. Number of Teredo bartschi in 6-Month Panels Removed July, 1975 Through November, 1983....................... .. .............. .......... A-44 Table A-22. Number of Bankia gouldi,in 6-Month Panels Removed July, 1975 Through November, 1983........................................................ A-47 4

l Table A-23. Presence and Dominance of Species of Teredinidae in Long-term Panels Removed from December,1982 Through November,1983....... A-5')

i Table A-24. Arc. lysis of Variance of Loge (1 + Abundance) of Teredo navalis Based on Long-term (6-Month) Panels Removed January,1976

! Through November,1983, With the Exception of Panels Removed in A pril, M ay or 3 une.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . A-52

Table A-25. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Teredo navalis i Based on Long-term (6-month) Panels Removed January,1976 Through November,1983, With the Exception of Panels Removed in A pril, M ay or 3 une . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . A-53 Table A-26.

Analysis Based on Long-term of Variance of Loge (6-month Panels ()1 +Removed Abundance) January,1976, of Bankia gouldi Through November,1983, With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, May or 3une............ .. .................. ................. A-58 I Table A-27. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Bankia gouldi Based on Long-term (6-Month) Panels Removed January,1976 Through November,1983 With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, Mayor 3une................................................................................... A-59 Table A-28. Average Percent Destruction to Long-term Panels Over Breeding Seasons......................................................................................... A-65 Table A-29. Rank of Stations in Descending Order of Teredmid Attack................ A-66 Table A-30. Number of Times Each Station was Ranked in Each of the First Ten Places in Terms of Percent Teredinid Attack............................. A-67 Table A-31. Reir.tive Ranking of Stations in Terms of Percent Teredinid A ttack iro m 1975 Through 1983..................................................... A-68 1

~ ~ - . . . - ... . . - - ,, . . - . - -, .~- , - . . - - , . . .-- -

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List of Tables (continued)

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Table A-32. Analysis of Variance of Residuals of Least Squares Regression l Model of Logit (Proportion Destruction)........................................... A-71 4 Table A-33. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Panels Submerged May,

- 1982 and Removed May, 1983.......................................................... A-7 2 Table A-34. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Panels Submerged June, i

1982 -R emoved June, 1983.............................................................. A-7 3 Table A-35. Incidence of Limnoria in 6-Month (P) and 1-Month (C) Exposure Panels Removed December,1982 Through November,1983............... A-74 i

List of Figures

{ Figure A-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographical Locations of j Exposure Panels................. . .................... ...... ..... ........ ............ ...... A- 2 l Figure A-2. Exposure Panel A rray.... .............. ...... .... .. ... ................. ... ................ A-8 Figure A-3. Rating of Teredinid A ttack............................................................. A-ll i

j Figure A-4. Rating of Limnoria Attack.............................................................. A-12 Figure A-5. Percent Destruction by Teredinids to Long-term (6-month) Exposure Panels from July,1975, through November,1983.............................. A-62 i

l Figure A-6. Average Annual Number of Limnoria Tunnels in Long-term (6-month) i Panels from 1976 Through 1983....................................................... A-7 5 t

l I

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A-1 APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PANELS Introduction The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of the populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975 ct the request of the 3ersey Central Power & Light Company. Since that time, racks of exposure panels have been deployed at 17 to 20 stations in the bay, in an effort to determine whether the operation of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS) is having an effect on the distribution, abundance and/or reproductive patterns of woodborers found in the bay. g Previous reports (Richards et al., 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980; Maciolek-Blake et cl.,1981,1982; Hillman et al.,1983) presented results of the study for cach annual period.

The present report discusses data collected from December 1,1982 through November 30, 1983, and presents an analysis of data collected since the initiation of the program in 1975.

Materials and Methods Field Exposure panel arrays are maintained in Barnegat Bay at twenty stations (Figure A-1, Table A-1). The seventeen original stations, studied since June,1975, were selected to include locations that were representative of different environmental regimes within the bay, as well as areas determined to be within and beyond the influence of the thermal discharge from the OCNGS. One station (4A) was added in April,1977, and two stations (10A and 10B) were added in April,1978. The original site for Station 16 was discontinued and 16A was established in December,1981. That site was discontinued in

A-2 p.f MANASCUAN INLET ,

8AIELLE

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PLEASANT INTA ACOASTAL -

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CAEEK ATLANTIC OCEAN MOLLY PAAK y CD STOUTS CAEEK to 108 [' SEDGE I ISLAND 1, 5$

($10A OYSTER

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1. "O 4A 1 BAANEGAT

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4 l BA ANEGAT BEACH f CONKLIN

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' MILES g BARNEGAT INLET, NEW JERSEY t Lardvde 39 45 8 N Longitude 14 06 0 W I

l 2

! FIGURE A-1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING k GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS

TABLE A-1. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY'S EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAYS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude

1. Barnegat Coast Guard Finger Pier WC1 Lat. 390 45.8'N Station, Barnegat Inlet Bulkhead WFCL 1948-1967 Long. 740 06.5'W

2. Ashton Marina Bulkhead WC 13,14 Lat. 390 40'N 1450 Bay Ave. Long. 74013'W Manahawkin

3. Iggie's Marina Bulkhead WC 16,17,18,19 Lat. 390 45'N Y East Bay Ave. Long. 74012.5'W "

Barnegat (Conklin Island)

4. Liberty Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 390 47'N Washington Ave. R. Turner Long.740 ll'W Waretown Rutgers U.

4-A * . Holiday Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 390 48'N Lighthouse Drive R. Turner Long.740 ll'N Waretown Rutgers U.

5. Mouth of Oyster Creek, Dock WC 29,30 Lat. 390 48.5'N Lot 4, Compass Road Rutgers U. Long. 74010.3'W Offshore End

6. Oyster Creek No. I Dock Lat. 390 48.5'N Lagoon, Inshore End Long. 74010.35'W 37 Capstan Drive

~

TABLE A-1. (Continued)

Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude

7. Private Dock End of Dock WC 27,28 Lat. 390 48.5'N Dock Ave. R. Turner Long. 740 ll.I'W Oyster Creek Rutgers U.

Sands Pt. Harbor Waretown

8. 1500 Ft. East of Bulkhead WC 26 Lat. 390 48.7'N Oyster Creek-R.R. Bridge Rutgers U. Long. 74012'W Discharge Canal

9. Forked River Metal Pier WC 31 Lat. 390 49.2'N South Branch Long. 74012.2'W T Intake Canal *

10. Teds Marina Pier WC 33,34 Lat. 390 50.I'N Bay Ave. Long. 740 !!.6'W Forked River .

10A *. Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 390 49'N 1217 Aquarius Ct. Long. 74010'W Forked River 10B*. Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 390 49.4'N 1307 Beach Blvd. Long. 74010.1'W Forked River

11. Forked River Bulkhead Wc 35 Lat. 390 49.7'N (near mouth) Rutgers U. Long. 74010'W 1413 River View Drive h

TABLE A-1. (Continued)

Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude

12. Stouts Creek Bulkhead WC 38, 40, 41 Lat. 390 50.5'N 1273 Capstan Drive R. Turner Long. 740 08.8'W Wurtz Rutger,s U.

13. Rocknak's Yacht Basin End of Pier WC 46 Lat. 390 52'N Seaview Ave. Long. 740 09'W Lanoka Harbor Cedar Creek

14. Dicks' Landing Pier WC 49 Lat. 390 54'W Island Drive R. Turner Long. 740 08.I'W T

, Bayville (Holly Park) Nelson *

15. Winter Yacht Basin Inc. Pier WC57 Lat. 400 02.5'N Rt. 523 Long. 740 04.9'W Mantoloking Bridge

16. Berkely Yacht Basin Pier WC 60, 61 Lat. 390 55.9'N J. Street Long. 740 04.9'W Seaside 16A*. Municipal Dock Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 56.6'N Seaside Heights Long. 740 04.9'W 16B*. Bayside Boats Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 36.6'N State Highway I'). 35 and Long. 740 04.9'W Bay Boulevard Seaside Heights, NJ

TABLE A-1. (Continued)

Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longit *

17. Island Beach Pier WC 68 Lat. 390 47.I'N State Park Long. 740 05.9'W (Sedge Island)

All exposure panel racks suspended in a minimum water depth at mean low water of at least three feet. Racks hung with nylon line from existing structures so the bottom panels are close to, but not touching the bottom. Racks at Sites 8 and 9 suspended with wire rope.

WC = Woodward-Clyde WFCL = William F. Clapp Laboratories p

• Site 4-A installed April,1977.

Sites 10A,10B installed April,1978.

Site 16 discontinued November,1981.

Site 16A installed December,1981 - discontinued June,1982.

Site 16B installed June,1982.

i A-7 i

~

i l June,1982 and 16B established at that time. At the time of the November,1983 panel exchange period, the exposure panel rack at Station I was moved to the opposite side of j the bulkhead and about 40 feet . loser to shore. The exposure panel rack at Station 7 was

relocated to the end of the same dock into deeper water. Station 8 was changed to a company-owned dock about 200 feet nearer to the mouth of Oyster Creek. Also, Station 9 was changed to a company-owned property about 2,000 feet closer to the Oyster Creek

{ Nuclear Generating Station. All of the stations are accessible by land, and all panel 1

arrays are placed near or suspended from existing structures such as docks and bulkheads. i l The panels are mounted on an iron frame (Figure A-2) which is submerged t

vertically to within 6 inches of the bottom. Each array consists of seven 25.4 cm x 8.9 cm 7

j x 1.9 cm untreated soft pine panels, plus two similar panels which have received a 20-l; pound treatment of marine-grade creosote. Panels labeled 1-6 are exposed for six months c.nd are referred to as "long-term panels" or "P". The panel exposed for 1 month is called the "short-term panel" and is labeled "C". In adddition, two "special panels" are mounteo on each rack. These "special panels" are exposed for 12 months, and are removed and i replaced in May and June of each year. These panels provide specimens for histological- .

f analysis of the gonads (see Appendix B), and also yield additional data on the occurrence 1

l of woodborer species in Barnegat Bay (see below).

)< The field work was taken over by GPU personnel in March,1982, and they are now responsible for preparation, replacement, and shipment of the panels to Battelle's laboratory in Duxbury, Massachusetts, where the panels are processed for borer abundance ,

j- and distribution information. The procedures for preparation and replacement are similar l to that conducted by Battelle until March,1982.

I Panels are seasoned for two weeks in sterilized seawater before being placed

on the array. During the first week of each month, one long-term and one short-term l- panel are removed from each array and replaced with a new seasoned panel. Creosoted i panels are not removed, but are cleared of fouling organisms and inspected in situ for j evidence of attack by the woodboring isopod Limnoria. -Upon removal, each panel is l wrapped in newspaper dampened with seawater and placed in an' ice-filled cooler for j shipment to Battelle.

i Laboratory 1

l At the laboratory, panels are refrigerated until they are examined.

Examination of each panel includes determination of the species, numbers, and size of the - ,

I

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I A-9 borers (Teredinidae and Limnoria) present, and the extent of destruction of the panel f '

l (Table A-2, Figures A-3 and A-4). Notations of sexual conditions and presence of larvae are made if appropriate. The primary reference sources used for species identification f

i are Turner, 1 % 6, 1971; Bartsch,1908; Purushotham and Raos,1971; Clapp,1923,1925;

{ and Menzies, 1951, 1959. Verification of identifications are periodically requested from

) Dr. Ruth Turner, Harvard University or Dr. K. Elaine Hoagland, Lehigh University. 1 l- Statistical Analysis

^

i Because of the number of times nothing settled on the short-term panels, 1 statistical analysis was made of data from 6-month panels only. Parameters which have

'been analyzed include presence / absence and abundance of Teredo navalis, ,

) presence / absence and abundance of Bankia mouldi, and percent destruction. Because of.

{ the distinctive and limited distribution of T. bartschi, statistical analyses were not ,

I considered necessary to determine significant differences between stations for this i

j species.

j Analyses of variance were carried out on presence / absence dats and on 103.

I- (abundance + 1) for T. navalls and B. Kouldi. These tests were run on data collected from I 3anuary,1976 through November,1983; all data from 1975 were excluded because data l were collected only from December for 6-month panels, resulting in an incomplete data j set for that year. Essentially no specimens were collected .from long-term panels f, removed in the spring months of April, May and June, therefore, these months were also excluded from the analyses. Occasional long-term panels which may have been expoced

[ l

! for less than 6 months (i.e.,4-5 months) Save been included, based on results of analyses *

! performed for last year's report. Those analyses, in which 68 less-than-6-month panels i

! were deleted from the data set, showed that the results and conclusions were essentially

.the same whether or not the 68 cases were included (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1981).

l The ANOVA calculations include main effects for -the original factors of month, station and biological year. A "bloyear" is defined as July, Year A through June, f '

l Year B, and corresponds to the breeding season of the Teredinidae. Thus we have data for f 7 complete bioyears, from July,1976 through June,1983. In order to simplify the fitting l cf the model, 2-way and 3-way interactions w'ere based 'on summary factors. These L .

4 4 .

A-10 TABLE A-2. RATING SCALE FOR TEREDINID AND LIMNORIA ATTACK Teredinidae No. of tubes Percent per panels filled

• Attack Rating 1-5 5 Trace 6-25 5-10 Slight 26-100 11-25 Moderate 101-250 26-50 Medium heavy 251-400 51-75 Heavy 400++

• 76-100 Very heavy

• Percent filled depends upon size of specimens present in panels.

• • Arbitrary number assigned to panels76-100 filled.

Limnoria No. of tunnels Total no.

per sq. inch of tunnels Attack Rating I Trace 1 1-85 10 86-850 Slight 25 851-2125 Moderate 50 2126-4250 Medium heavy 75 4251-6375 Heavy 100* 6375-8500 Very huvy

• Ratings of approximately 100 per square inch indicate th'e maximum density beyond which it is impossible to count.

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A-ll TEREDINIDAE

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A-12 LDC40RIDAE

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A-13 include grouping the months into seasons (winter = 3anuary, February, March; spring ~I (deleted here) = April, May, June; summer = July, August, September; and fall = October, November, December) and stations into regions (Region 1 (near OCNGS) = Stations 3,6,7 and 8; Region 2 (south) = Stations 2, 3, 4 and 4A; Region 3 (east) = Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near north) = Stations 9,10,10A,10B and 11; and Region 5 (north) = Stations 12, 13,14,15 and 16B). This regional grouping is the same as that initiated last year when Station 16B was included in Region 5. Because the program available would not fit main cffects in terms of original factors and interactions in terms of summary factors, the following procedure was used. ANOVAs were first calculated with main effects and interactions in terms of the summary factors (season, region and year). The calculation was then repeated for the main effects of month, station and year. The results of the two ANOVAs were then combined by adding the sums of squares associated with the main cffects (full factors), 2-way interactions (summary factors) and 3-way interactions (summary factors). The residual mean square based on the combined fit was used as the error variance estimate and is considered to be more appropriate than the error estimate based on the summary factors. F-ratios and F-tests were recalculated based on the combined fit-error estimates. The program used for ANOVA calculations was that given in " Statistical Package for the Social Sciences" (Nie, Hill, Jenkins, Steinbrenner and Bent, 1975).

Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were used to quantify the systematic variation detected by the analysis of variance procedures (Nie et al.,1975). This output, which is a display rather than a particular test, provides information about the patterns of cffects of each factor, and therefore, about the reasons underlying significant effecti cbserved in the analysis of variance calculations. It is appropriate only if the interactions cmong f actors are not practically or statistically significant.

The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted deviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of cach factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e.,

main effects only and not interactions) and estimating the effects of the levels of each factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and unadjusted deviations should be similar.

l A-14 The Bonferroni t-statistic (M!!!er, 1966) was used to compare means of treatment levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that have been observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity.

Let X I, X2, ...Xk be k sample means based on N 1, N ,2 ...Nk observations respectively. Let M I, M2, ...Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample cverages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor under study.

Let s2 = error SS/ error di denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on F degrees of freedom.

Suppose we wish to make r pairwise comparisons among MI , M2 , ...Mk. For cxample, to test Ho:Mi = MJ l / J = 1, ..., k we must make r = k (k-1) pairwise 2

comparisons.

He will be rejected at significance level if il - xj i t (pg 1 - a/2r) 1+1 n nj .

for any pair 1, j where t (F 1 - a/r)is the upper a/2r point of the student t distribution with F d.f.

This procedure leads to the confidence intervals 29-ij - t (F; J, */2r)s 1 + I Mg-My lig-ij + t (F ; 1 "/2r)s 1 +1 "i "j "I nj with overall probability 1-a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. The means M1 , M) are significantly dif ferent if the confidence inte rval does not contain zero.

Student Newman Keuh (SNK) Multiple Itange T.est is used to compare the means of treatment levels following an analysis of variance, in order to determine the reasons for significant effects that have been observed. It is based on a succession of t:sts utilizing Tukey's studentized range statistic.

'A-15 Let XI , X 2, ... X k enote d the sample averages in groups 1,2, ... k based on ni, n2, ... nk observations respectively. Let pt, p2e e Mk, be the corresponding population means. Let s2 denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on d.f.

The SNK procedure assumes ni, = n2 ... = nk, but minor differences in the nj's can be tolerated.

We wish to determine which means are statistically significantly different from one another at significance level .

Let X i(t) S XI(2) 1 Xi(3) S ..1 XI(k) denote the ordered mean values, from smallest to largest. Let pi(1), pi(2), e pi(k) denote the corresponding population means.

Let q (1- as F, r) denote the upper point of Tukey's studentized range statistic with degrees Foi freedom and based on r groups.

I If X i(k) - XI(!)

q (1-a ; y; k) ,

s/In

then all the means pi, W2, e k are declared to be equal.

The procedure we use accommodates slightly unequal nj's by comparing i

Xi (k) - Xi (1) with q (1-a; y , k)

/s 1/2 1_

"i (k)

+ 1 nt(1)

~

Ei (k) Ei (1) { q (1-a; , k) s 1/2 1 + 1 "i(k) "i(1) t then compare

~

1(k-1) 1(1)

@ O- , k-l')

i s

3[1/2 1 + 1 l V "i(k) ni(2)

b A-16  ;

and compare Xi (k) Xi (2) with q (1-o; , k-1) 2 1 + 1 ni(k) ni(2)

If, for example, X I(k-1) - XI(1) is not significantly large, then 1(1), 1(2),... II(k-1) are considered to be no,t, t significantly different.

This process is continued with subsets of size k-2 within significant subsets of size k-1; subsets of size k-3 within significant subsets of size k-2, etc. At each stage Ei (p+h) ~

1(P) __

is compared with q (1-1; y , h + 1) s 1 1 +1 "i(P+h) "i(P)

. At the conclusion of this process, the means 1, ) are declared significantly different at 1svel if X I, X Jdid not, fall within any nonsignificant subset.

An unweighted least squares regression fit of the destruction data on species cbundance data was made. The percent destruction data were transformed into logits, where percent values of 0-100 were assigned values of P = 0-1 to denote proportion. The logit (proportion destruction) = log,gep, This transformation converts the (0,1) scale into a ( , +-) scale, and stretches out the extreme values at both ends, a!!owing greater resolution. Abundance data were transformed into toge (1 + abundance).

The regression model used wast Y = logit(prop. destr.) = 8 o + B 1 ni (1 + T. navalis) + 8 2 in (1 + B_. gould_1,) + 6 3i n (1 + Teredo spp.) + 8 4 (1 + T. bartschi) + 6 3 In (1 + Teredinidae) + E.

where S = the unknown regression coefficient and E = error or unexplained variability.

This regression analysis was carried out using the SPSS and subprogram Regression. Analysis of variance was carried out on residuals of the regression fit.

l

A-17 Results and Discussion Wwnfications to Panet Exposure

{

During the present reporting period, it became necessary to change the locations of some of the panel racks. The changes in location were very s!!ght, so that in cffect the racks remained in the same basic location. These changes are described below.

in December,1982, the rack at Station 15 was moved from Pier 14 a distance cf 40 feet west to Pier 15 because Pier 14 was to be dismantled.

In July,1983, the rack at Station 4A was moved 25 feet east because of

deterioration of the dock.

Several changes were made in November,1983. At Station 1, the rack was moved to the opposite side of the bulkhead and about 40 feet closer to shore. The rack at Station 7 was moved to deeper water at the end of the dock. At Station 8, the rack was i moved to a company-owned dock approximately 2000 feet toward the mouth of Oyster Creek. At Station 9, the rack was moved about 2000 feet toward the plant to company-

! cwned property.

In February, the creosoted panels at Stations 9 and 13 were missing. In April, creosote panel number 2 was replaced at Station 13; creosote panel number I was replaced at Station 9 in June.

r Species identitled Only two species of molluscan woodborers, the teredinids Teredo navalls and Bankla gouldi, were identified from either short-term or long-term panels. Teredo bartschi, a key species in previous reports has not been recovered from any panels since February,1982. A fourth species, T. furcifera, which was of concern during the early years of the program, has not been identitled from any panel since March,1977.

Crustacean woodborers, identified as Limnoria cf. tuberculata-(see Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982), were again found at several stations.

- A-18 Short-Term (1-Month) Panels Short-term panels, those exposed for a one-month period, provide data on the annual occurrence of shipworm larval settlement, the stations at which settlement occurs, survival of the juveniles, and the amount of growth that can take place in one month.

Since the panels are retrieved near the beginning of each month, the results reflect activity during the previous month.

The number and species of Teredinidae found in short-term panels during this report period are shown in Table A-3. Settlement took place as late as December,1982 at Station 1. The shipworms were too small to identify to species but were probably ,T,.

navails. Short-term panels removed from January through June,1983 were free of teredinids. Settlement began again in July and persisted through November at Station 1.

At the other stations where teredinids were recovered from short-term panels (2, 8,11, 12,13,14,15 and 17), the principal period of settlement was July through September.

Some settlement also occurred as late as November at Stc. tion 17.

For the second consecutive year, no settlement occurred on short-term panels at Station 7, formerly a site where considerable settlement could be expected during the summer months.

Settlement on the short-term panels was increased somewhat over last year, but the amount of destruction to short-term panels generally remained at less than 1 percent, except at Station 1, where it was 5 percent (Table A-4). This is considerably lower than the 13 percent recorded during last year's reporting period (Hillman et al.,

1983), and a great dea! lower than the 75 percent recorded during the 1981-1982 season (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982).

A comparison of the total number of Teredinidae settling on short-term panels cach year from 1975 through November,1983 is shown in Table A-3. Total set during the present reporting period was the highest since 1979, increased by over 1000 individuals since last year's reporting period (Hillman et al.,1983). Most of the settlement (96 percent) was at Station 1. By contrast, most of the settlement in short-term panels during 1978 and 1979, the two previous years of high settlement (except for the first year cf the program) was at Station 7, where no settlement has occurred for the last two reporting periods. Settlement on short-term panels was down somewhat from last year's o

l A-19

\

TABLE A-3. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983*

T = Teredinidae Tn = Teredo navalls: Ts = Teredo apps Bg = Bankia gouldi Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov i 90 T 26 T 1100 T 1040 Tn, T 83 T 42 T 2 1T 3

4 4A i

3 6

7 8 1T 9

10

. 10A 10B 11 6T 12 IT 1 Bg 13 13 T 2T 14 37 T 28 T 13 iT 16B 17 8 Ts, T $T o Short term panels removed January through June,1983 were free of teredinld borers.

e

A-20

, i!

, TABLE A-4. PERCENT DESTRUCTION OP SHORT-TERM PANELS

REMOVED MONTHLY PROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH

. NOVEMBER,1983*

i Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov I <l <1 4 5 <1 <1 i

2 <1 3

4 .

4A i 3 6

I I 3 <1 9

10 1

10A IOS

11 <1

'12 <1 <l 13 <1 <1 14 <1 <1

! 15 <1 168 <1 <1 17

]

0 Teredinids were not present in short terin panels removed from January through June,1953.

. A-21 TABLE A-5. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TEREDINID SETTLEMENT IN SHORT-TERM PANEL 5 FROM JULY,1973 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 II I I I I I I I Site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 3199 1090 654 1015 535 83 1396 1335 2293 2 17 2 1 8 1 3 9 2 4 6 2 3 4 4A 6 i

4562 2 4 75 754 4 9 2 l 6 2336 1 15 171 2 7 4 3 241 2933 3698 10 301 3 1 4 1 9 1 1 10 2 2 5 10A 1 54 1 3 1 10B 6 1

!! 375 71 28 3 373 14 6 33 6 12 34 1 5 1 13 4 1 2 13 142 10 9 4 16 (* 15 14 303 20 8 8 69 2 12 65 15 3 5 1 3 1 16 2 17 117 3 6 19 13 Totals 16667 1207 957 4108 5731 127 1729 1393 2397

• No panels examined in October and November. <

I

%.- O.

A-22 9

totals at Station 11, but up considerably at Station 14, where no settlement took place last year ard where it was r61atively light in 1980 and 1981.

Destruction. The average percent destruction of short-term panels for each year from 1973 through 1983 is shown in Table A-6. Destruction at Station ! continued to be greater than at the other stations, but overall, destruction is still quite low.

Identifications. Individuals are only infrequently identified to species from short-term panels because the size of each one is usually less than 10 mm. During this 1

reporting period Teredo navalls was identified only from September panels at Station 1, and Bankla goujd.1 was identified at Station 12 in September (Table A-3). The remaining

, Identifications were either at the generic (Tecedo spp.) or family (Teredinidae) level.

Over 1800 short-term panels have been examined since the beginning of this i program in 1973. Table A-7 presents summaries for family, generic and specific identifications made from these collections. Teredo furcifera, not collected since March,1977, has been excluded.

The number of Teredo navalls identified during this reporting period (40) was down somewhat from last year's 61, but the overall number of Teredinidae raported for 1983 (2487) was almost double last year's 1393, and constituted about 43 percent of all Teredinidae reported since the program began. This is due in part to the relatively large number of Teredinidae occurring in the fall setting period.

j Teredo bartschi was absent from short term panels for the second consecutive year. Only one flankla 12uldi was identified from the short-term panels during the present

, reporting perlod.

The pattern of occurrence of teredinids on short term panels during the 1982/1983 reporting period was generally similar to what it has been in previous years,

- cxcept perhaps for the increase in settlement during the fall. Most of that settlement was in Region 3, an area well outside the zone of thermal influence, and in part probably

represents some recruitment of larvae from outside the Barnegat Bay area.

Lent twmIM1 Panels Regular long term panels are those exposed for a six-month period. The results obtained from these panels give an Integrated view of woodborer activity,

A-23 TABLE A-6. MEAN PERCENT DESTRUCTION OF SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED DURING THE 1ULY THROUGH NOVEMBER PERIOD,1975 THROUGH 1983*

Site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1 13.0 3.6 2.8 1.6 4.4 0.8 16.0 3.4 2.4 2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 3 0.4 0.4 4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 4A - - 0.4 5 14.0 *

• 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 6 11.6 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 7 1.0 *

• 0.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 0.8 0.8 8 0.3 *

• 0.2 0.2 9 ** 0.2 0.2

, 10 0.4 0.2 0.4 10A - - -

0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 10B - - - 0.4 0.2 11 9.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 5.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 12 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 _

13 3.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 *

• 0.4 14 11.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 15 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 16/16B 0.2 0.2 17 3.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 s

Station 4A established April,1977. -

Station 10A and 10B established April,1978.

• Station 16B established June,1982.

• <1% destruction treated as 1% in averages.

• • Incomplete data. ,if Y

w >

'I t b i

m a

Yi ,

'- r l lq.

n p. 3- .]

A-24 TABLE A-7.

SUMMARY

OF NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, ALL Teredo, Bankia gouldi AND TEREDINIDAE ON SHORT-TERM PANELS IN BARNEGAT BAY Months are Grouped by Season (Winter = 3an, Feb, Mar; Spring = Apr, May, June; Summer = 3ul, Aug, Sep; Fall = Oct, Nov, Dec), and Stations are grouped by Region: Region 1 (near OCNGSh Stas. 5,6,7,

- 8; Region 2 (southh Stas. 2,3,4,4A; Region 3 (easth Stas.1,16,17; Region 4 (near northh Stas. 9,10,10A,106,11; Region 5 (northh Stas.12,13,14,15.

Teredo navalis: Identified a Total of 1484 Times Year No. Season No. Region No.

1975 0 Winter 1 0 1976 2 Spring 0 2 '2 1977 1 Summer 1484 3 1476 1978 1 Fall 0 4 6 1 1979 10 5 0 1980 0 1981 1369 1982 61 1983 40 1

Teredo bartschi: Identified a Total of 21 Titnes 1975 0 Winter 0 1 20 1976 0 Spring 0 2 0 1977 2 Summer 17 3 0 1978 4 Fall 4 4 1 1979 6 5 0 1980 1 1981 8 1982 0 1983 0 All Teredo*: Identified a Total of 1553 Times 1975 7 Winter 0 1 41 1976 6 Spring 0 2 7 1977 4 Summer 154' 3 1495 1978 7 Fall 6 4 9 1979 21 5 1 1980 2 1981 1391 1982 .

74 1983 41 A

\

A-25 TABLE A-7. (continued)

Year No. Season No. Region No.

i All Bankia**: Identified a Total of 77 Times 1975 17 Winter 0 1 13 1976 6 Spring 0 2 5 1977 8 Summer 77 3 3 1978 4 Fall 0 4 23 i 1979 13 5 33 1980 9 1981 16 1982 3 1983 1 Teredinidae* * *: Identified a Total of 5800 Times 1975 47 Winter 1 1 373 1976 21 Spring 0 2 22 1977 26 Summer 5297 3 5182 1978 23 Fall 502 .4 79 1979 52 5 144 1980 22 1981 1729 1982 1393 1983 2487 4

• Includes T. navalis, T. bartschi and Teredo spp.

• • Includes Bankia goulli and Bankia sp.

~

• ** Includes T. navalis, T. bartschi, Teredo spp., Bankia gouldi, Bankia sp. and '

Teredinidae i

l l

l l ~

f.

,, +- ,% , , - -

t - -

-n r--

f L

1 A-26 including reproduction, settlement, and survival, over the entire period for which the panel has been exposed. Numbers and species of teredinids found in long-term panels  ;

during the present reporting period are shown in Tables A-8 (December,1982) through A-19 (November,1983).

Panels submerged in June, July and August,1982, and examined in December 1982, and January and February,1983 respectively, contained specimens ranging from less than 1 mm up to 290 mm. The 290 mm specimens occurred in December at Station 10A.

As during last year's reporting period, there was a slight decline through January and February in the upper length reached by any specimen collected over that period. The largest specimen found in January was 240 mm at Station 10, and in February it was 155 mm at Station 11. The smallest size range in December was 10 to 48 mm (only two individuals represented) at Station 15. Otherwise the minimum size ranges were similar to those shown last year, with a range of less than I to 70 mm in December,4 to 60 mm in January, and only 1 individual of less than 1 mm length in February, all at Station 1. The smallest individuals could have set as late as late October and ceased to grow as the water cooled, similar to what was described over the same period last year (Hillman et al.,1983).

Teredinids were collected in March only from Stations 1, 7 and 11 (Table A-11), and they were very small, the largest specimen being 24 mm at Station 7. They were probably also from the fall-spawned set, and grew very little as the water cooled.

In sharp contrast to what was seen last year when no specimens were collected during April, May and June, the April and May panels (Tables A-12 and A-13) contained some very small specimens. Most were less than 1 mm in length, with the longest one being only 10 mm. Most (494) of the young shipworms were collected at Station 1, but panels from Stations 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, ICA,11,13 and 17 also contained young teredinids, probably also from the fall set. No teredinids were present in the long-term panels removed in early June (Table A-14).

! As expected, the July panels contained young teredinids ranging in length from itss than 1 mm at the four stations (1,11,13 and 14) where they occurred to 5 mm at Station 11. These specimens would most likely have been from a late May to early June spawn.

-A-27 TABLE A-8. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANEL.S REMOVED DECEMBER 6-7, 1982 No. of Percent Size Range St-tion Panel Specimens Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks 1 P 650 99 <1-70 150 T. navalis, 75% of 500 Teredinidae* specimens dead C 90 <1 <1 90 Teredinidae*

5 P 1 2 125 1 T. navalis C 0 7 P 6 9 14-200 5 T. navalis,1 4 live,2 dead Teredinidae*

C 0 9 P 3 10 170-200 1 H. gouldi, 2

-T. navalis C 0 10A P 4 14 85-290 2 B. gouldi,2

-T. navalis C 0 10B P 1 4 250 1 B_. gouldi C 0 11 P 77 90 30-205 2 B. gouldi, 60 15 specimens T. navalis,15 dead Teredinidae*

C 0 13 P 3 13 210-235 3 B. gouldi C 0 15 P 2 <1 10-48 2 T. navalis I specimen dead C 0 l

16B P 1 3 190 1 B_. gouldi C 0 17 P 9 10 9-130 6 T. navalis C 0 Stations 2-4A, 6, 8,10,12, and 14 - No Teredinidae present P = Long-term panel submerged June 1-2, 1982.

C = Short-term panel submerged November 1-2, 1982.

o = Not speciated due to size or condition.

A l!

A-28 ,

TABLE A-9. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED 3ANUARY 3-4,1983 4 No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks 1 P 700 99 4-60 100 T. navalis 85% of 600 Teredinidae* specimens dead C 0 3 P 2 5 145-200 2 B. gouldi C 0 7 P 4 2 <!-155 1 T. navalis,3 Teredinidae*

C 0 10 P 1 4 240 1 T. navalis C 0 10A P 2 5 140-160 2 T. navalis C 0 10B P 2 8 210-215 2 g. gouldi idead C 0 11 P 62 95 25-190 1 H. gouldi, 57 4 Teredinidae T. navalis, dead 4 Teredinidae*

C 0 12 P 1 2 155 1 H. gouldi C 0 13 P 1 2 150 1 B. gouldi C 0 15 P 7 15 40-190 4 g. gouldi, 2 1 T. navalis and T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae dead 1 Teredinidae*

C 0 17 P 20 20 2-120 19_T_. nava!!s,,

1 Teredinidae*

! C 0 i

Stations 2, 4-6, 8, 9,14 and 16B - No Teredinidae present.

l-l P = Long-term panel submerged July 6-7, 1982.

l C = Short-term panel submerged December 6-7, 1982.

0 = Not speciated due to size or condition.

m

A-29 TABLE A-10. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED FEBRUARY 8-9,1983 Station Panel No.of Percent Size Range Species Identification Remarks Specimens Filled in mm.

5 P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae*

C 0 7 P 16 <1 <l-1 16 Teredinidae*

C 0 11 P 10 7 <!-155 4 T. navalis, 6 Teredinidae*

C 0 15 P 4 <1 < l-1 4 Teredinidae*

C 0 .

17 P 27 10 10-75 27 T. navalis C 0 Stations 2-4A, 6, 8-10B,12-14, and 16B - No Teredinidae present.

Station 1 '- Long-term exposure panel missing from rack.

P = Long-tern panel submerged August 3-4, 1982.

C = Short-term panej submerged January 3-4,1983.

o = Not speciated due to size.

l l

e

f.

A-30 TABLE A-ll. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MARCH 7-8, 1983 Station Panel No.of Percent Size Range Species Identification Remarks Specimens Filled in mm.

1 P 68 1 <!-5 68 Teredinidae*

C 0 7 P 4 <1 <l-24 1 T. navalis, 3 Teredinidae*

C 0 11 P 10 <1 <!-1 10 Teredinidae*

C 0 Stations 2-6, 8-10B,12 No Teredinidae present.

P = Long-term panel submerged September 7-8, 1982.

C = Short-term panel submerged February 8-9, 1983.

o = Not speciated due to size.

A-31 TABLE A-12. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED APRIL 5-6,1983 i

Station Panel No. of Percent Size Range Species Identification Remarks Specimens Filled in mm.

1 P 327 <1 <!-8 10 T. navalis, 5 Teredo spp.,

312 Teredinidae*

C 0 4 P 2 <1 <1 2 Teredinidae* empty pits C 0 5 P 4 <1 1-10 2 T. navalis,1 Teredo spp.,

1 Teredinidae*

C 0 7 P 84 <1 <l-2 17 Teredo, spp.,

67 Teredinidae*

C 0 8 P 3 <1 <1 3 Teredinidae*

C 0 9 P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae* empty pit C 0 10A P 3 <1 <1 3 Teredinidae*

C 0 11 P 45 <1 < !-l 45 Teredinidae*

C 0 13 P 2 <1 <1 2 Teredinidae*

C 0 17 P 4 <1 <1-2 4 Teredinidae* -

C 0 Stations 2-3, 4A, 6,10,10B,12,14-16B - No Teredinidae,present.

P = Long-term' panel submerged October 5-6,1982.

C = Short-term panel submerged March 7-8, 1983.

o = Not speciated due to size.

9

• O

A-32 TABLE A-13. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MAY 2-3,1983 No.of Percent Size Range Stttion Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 167 <1 <1 167 Teredinidae* 90 empty pits, 77 with Teredinid shells C 0 7 P 20 <l-1 <1 20 Teredinidae* 15 empty pits,5 with Teredinid shells C 0 8 P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae* 1 empty p.t C 0 9 P 3 <1 <1 3 Teredinidae

• 3 empty pits C 0 11 P 3 <1 <1 3 Teredinidae

• 3 empty pits C 0 Stations 2-6,10-10B,12 No Teredinidae present.

P = Long-term panel submerged November 1-2, 1982.

C = Short-term panel submerged April 5-6,1933.

o = Not speciated due to size.

l l

A-33

\

TABLE A-14. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JUNE 6-7,1983 No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks

=

I Stations 1-17 no Teredinidae present.

4 e

l l

1

A-34 TABLE A-15. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JULY 5-6,1983 No. of Percent Size Range St9 tion Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 5 <1 <1 5 Teredinidae*

C 26 <1 <1 26 Teredinidae*

11 P 8 <1 <l-5 1 Teredo spp., 7 Teredinidae*

C 6 <1 <!-2 6 Teredinidae*

13 P 0 C 13 <1 <l-1 13 Teredinidae*

14 P 28 <1 <!-1 28 Teredinidae*

C 37 <1 <1-l 37 Teredinidae*

Stations 2-10B,12,15 No Teredinidae present.

P = Long-term panel submerged January 3-4,1983.

C = Short-term panel submerged June 6-7, 1983.

o = Not speciated due to size.

I l

A-35 TABLE A-16. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED AUGUST l-2,1983 l

No.of Percent Size Range 1 Station - Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 900 5 <!-16 10 T. navalis,890 Teredinidae*

C 1100 4 <1-7 1100 Teredinidae*

2 P 0 C 1 <1 2 1 Teredinidae*

5 P 1 <1 30 1 B. gouldi

~

C 0 7 P 1 <1 2 1 Teredinidae*

C 0 8 P 2 <1 13-30 2 B. gouldi C 1 <1 1 1 Teredinidae*

+

10A P 2 <1 14-45 2 B. gouldi C 0 10B P 2 <1 <1 2 Teredinidae*

C 0 11 P 46 60 35-110 43 B_. gouldi, 3 T_. Ripening gonads navalis C 0 12 P 2 <1 13-20 2 B. gouldi C 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae*

13 P O C 2 <1 <!-3 2 Teredinidae*

14 P 59 40 20-110 59 B. gouldi Ripening gonads C 28 <1 <!-4 28 Teredinidae

• Stations 3-4A, 6, 9,10,15 No Teredinidae present.

' P = Long-term panel submerged February 8-9, 1983.

C = Short-term panel submerged July 5-6,1983.

• = Not speciated due to size.

m A-36 TABLE A-17. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED SEPTEMBER 6-7,1983 No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 850 98 <!-50 650 T. navalis, 200 Ripening gonads Teredinidae*

C 1040 5 <1-18 40 T. navalis,1000 Teredinidae

• 3 P 1 3 180 1 B. gouldi C 0 5 P 2 8 230-240 2 g. gouldi C 0 7 P 3 5 60-220 3 B. gouldi C 0 8 P 7 8 25-180 6 g. gouldi,1 T. Teredo-ripening navalis gonads C 0 10A P 1 4 250 1 g. gouldi C 0 11 P 37 95 50-190 36 g. gouldi,1 T. Teredo dead navalis C 0 12 P 1 3 160 1 B. gouldi C 1 <1 28 i B. gouldi 13 P 6 17 140-250 6 B,. gouldi C 0 14 P 47 90 20-190 47 B. gouldi C 0 e

15 P 1 2 130 1 g. gouldi C 1 <1 4 1 Teredinidae*

17 P 7 1 <J-27 4 T_. navalis, 3 Teredinidae*

C 8 <1 <!-3 i Toedo spp., 7 Teredinidae*

St:tions 2, 4,4A, 6,9,10,10B, and 16B - No Teredinidae present.

P = Long-term panel submerged March 7-8, 1983.

C = Short-term panel submerged August 1-2, 1983.

• = Not speciated due to size.

A-37 TABLE A-18. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED OCTOBER 4-5,1983 No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 400 99 30 T. navalis, 370 None live Teredinidae*

C 85 <1 <!-3 85 Teredinidae*

6 P 1 2 140 1 g. gouldi C 0 7 P 4 8 95-200 4 g. gouldi 3 live, I dead C 0 8 P 3 7 130-170 3 B. gouldi C 0 10A P 1 7 360 1 B,. gouldi C 0 10B P 2 5 140-180 2 B. gouldi i live, I dead C 0 11 P 48 98 25-190 11 B. gouldi,37 37 empty tubes Teredinidae

• C 0 12 P 1 2 165 1 g. gouldi C 0 13 P 23 95 75-225 23 B. gouldi C 0 14 P 120 98 <!-120 1 T. navalis, 46 65% of specimens B. gouldi 73 dead Teredinidae*

C 0 15 P 1 5 285 1 B. gouldi C 0 17 P 24 5 <1-140 1 g. gouldi, 6 T.

navalis,9 Teredo spp.*, 8 Teredinidae*

C 0 Stations 2-5,9-10,16B - No Teredinidae present P = Long-term panel submerged April 5-6, 1983.

C = Short-term panel submerged September 6-7, 1983.

• = Not speciated due to size or condition.

A-38 TABLE A-19. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED NOYEMBER 7-8, 1983.

No. of Percent Size Range Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks Stetion Panel 1 P 400 99 25 T. navalis, Only I live 375 Teredinidae*

C 42 <1 <1 42 Teredinidae*

2 P 1 3 255 I Teredo spp.

C 0 5 P 1 6 355 1 g. gouldi C 0 7 P 4 20 170-330 4 B. gouldi C 0 8 P 3 10 75-265 3 B. gouldi 1 of 3 dead C 0 9 P 1 <1 4 1 B_. gouldi C 0 10A P 2 5 55-290 1 B. gouldi, 1 of 2 dead 1 Teredinidae*

C 0 11 P 52 97 25-200 44 B. gouldi, 8 T. navalis C 0 12 P 1 1 130 1 B. gouldi C 0 I

A-39 TABLE A-19 (Continued)

No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in m m. Species Identification Remarks 13 P 18 75 110-340 17 B. gouldi, 1 T_. navalis C 0 14 P 80 98 15-230 IS B. gouldi, 62 dead 62 Te7edinidae*

C 0 15 P 5 25 120-280 4 B. gouldi, 1 [. navalis C 0 ICB P 1 3 220 1 B. gouldi C 0 17 P 17 12 <l-115 1 B_. gouldi, 10 T. navalis, 6 Teredinidae*

C 5 <1 <1 Stations 3-4A,6,10 and 10B No Teredinidae present.

P = Long-term panel submerged May 2-3, 1983.

C = Short-term panel submerged October 4-5, 1983.

• = Not speciated due to size or condition.

e i

c ,

A-40 ,

The numbers of shipworms collected in long-term panels at Station 1 increased sharply by August, as did the number of stations at which shipworms were collected (Table A-16). Specimens up to 110 mm were collected from Stations 11 and 14. This pattern is consistent with what has been reported in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al.,1983).

Spawning occurs by late May or early June in the region, and settlement from this spawn is seen on the July and August panels. Much of the set at Station I could have come from individuals spawned outside of Barnegat Bay, and swept into the area on incoming tides.

The pattern of setting in the panels recovered in September was similar to that shown in the August panels, except that the sizes of the individuals collected had

, increased extensively. Specimens of Bankia gouldi 250 mm long were found at Station 13, and 240 mm-long specimens were collected at Station 5 (Table A-17). Teredo navalis specimens up to 50 mm long were collected at Station 1, which was also the station where the greatest number of shipworms were collected in September. By September, 98 percent of the long-term panel recovered at Station I was filled with T. navalis, while the long-term panels from itations 11 and 14 were 95 and 90 percent filled with B_. gouldi respectively. ,

The number and maximum size of shipworms in the October panels decreased from what was found in the September panels, but the panels at Stations 1,11 and 14 were 99, 98 and 98 percent filled with shipworms (Table A-16). Specimens up to 225 mm in length were collected from Station 13.

The decrease in the maximum length of shipworms found in October was not part of a trend, since by November a specimen of B_. gouldi 355 mm long was found at Station 5, and specimens over 325 mm were collected at Stations 7 and 13. Specimens over 250 mm in length were collected at Stations 2,8,10A and 15. The panels at Stations 1,11 and 14 remained almost 100 percent filled, while the panel at Station 13 had decreased to 75 percent filled. Bankia gouldi was the species responsible for filling the panels at Stations 11 and 14, while at Station 1, it was primarily T. navalis.

Species Distribution and Dominance. Tables A-20 through A-22 present a j summary of the abundance of Teredo navalis, T. bartschi and Bankia gouldi, respectively, recorded from long-term panels since July,1975. Dominant species at each station are indicated in Table A-23. A discussion of each species follows.

Teredo navalis. Teredo navalis was recorded from six-month panels from 9 of the 20 stations between December,1982 and April,1983, and at only 7 stations between

)

A-41 TABLE A-20. NUMBER OF Teredo navalls IN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 St: tion 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jul - - - - -

Aug - - - - -

NSep - - - -

SOct 1 1 - - - 3 2 87 Nov 3 10 - 2 - -

1 2 90 Dec 17 4 3 - 1 - - 100 1 4 Jm - 5 - - - 156 3 103 Feb 60 6 - 1 1 - - 3 -- 7 33 Mer 400 - - -

Apr - - -

May - - -

Jun - - -

NJul - - -

2Aug 37 - - -

Sep 423 - 1 - - 23 1 Oct 230 1 - 3 - - 13 8 Nov 400 - 2 - - 22 17 Dec 400 1 -

1 - -

11 a 22 Jan 300 3 - - - 11 4 Feb 400 - - - 4 2 Mar 1 - - -

Apr - - -

May - - -

sJun - - -

2 Jul - - -

Aug - - -

Sep 160 - - 1 1 Oct 300 1 - - 1 1 Nov 390 - - 6 1 Dec 380 1 - -

1 4 Jan 400 3 - - 2 4 Feb 375 - -

1 Mar 220 - -

Apr 2 - -

May Jun eo Jul i S Aug 1

" Sep 115 1 1 Oct 329 3 l Nov 430 5 2 4 Dec 400 3 8

m

/

A-42 TABLE A-20. (Continued)

Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 400 6 Fsb 400 4 1 Mar 30 1 Apr May Jun Jul 19 RAug 47 1 1 160 2 1 SSep 450 20 1 2 1 2 80 2 12 3 l Oct 500 23 1 2 1 20 2 1 13 3 Nov 500 17 1 1 - 3 2 1 1 3 4 Dec 100 23 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 3m 220 13 1 2 1 1 1 110 1 7 7 Feb 300 12 3 2 1 1 1 1 139 3 1 4 Mar 2 Apr May Jun e3ul 5

$Aug 1 6 1 29 1 1 "Sep 35 7 1 1 1 4 1 1 Oct 200 11 1 3 8 1 2 Nov 300 11 11 6 Dec 300 1 1 8 Jan 350 Feb 72 1 8 2 6 Mir 3 1 Apr 1 1 Mcy

-Jun"

$3ul 1 2

~Aug 135 7 3 Sep 800 5 4 1 Oct 100 1 1 5 - 3 1 Nov 190 2 2 -

1 Dec 65 1 2 - 4 Jin 45 1 3 Fcb 60 8 1 2 2 Mr.r 23 Apr Mty gJun -

. - 3ul 1

! Aug 1 1 3 1 Sep 400 4 55 1 1 3 l

Oct 150 2 1 1 48 1 5 N:v - 1 1 1 4 82 4 5

Dec 150 1 5 2 2 -60 2 9 l

E m

A-43 TABLE A-20. (Continued) i St tion 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 100 1 1 2 57 2 19 Feb 4 27

, Mar 1 Apr 10 May m 3un 4

8 Jul

'* Aug 10 3 Sep 650 1 1 4 i Oct 30 1 6 i

Nsv 25 8 1 1 10 i

i l

! * = New rack submerged September,1975.

- = Panel station not in operation.

-= Panel missing.

• * = See Table A-1.

l J

r

i A-44 TABLE A-21. NUMBER OF Teredo bartschiIN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 I THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jul - - - - -

m Aug - - - - -

@ Sep - 2962 402 - - -

~ Oct - 46 315 - -

Nov - 392 300 - -

Dec - 21 7 - -

Jan - - 46 240 - -

Fcb - 350 398 - - -

M:t - 14 14 - -

Apr - - -

May - - -

e Jun - - -

@ Jul - - -

~ Aug - - -

Sep - - -

Oct - - -

Nov - 11 - -

Dec - - -

Jan - - -

Fcb . 4 - -

Mar - - -

Apr - - -

Mcy - - -

Jun - - -

R Jul - - -

2 Aug - - -

Sep 1 - -

Oct 11 - -

Nov 185 - -

Dec 130 - -

3:n 160 - -

( Fcb 200 - -

Mar 1 2 81 - -

Apr - -

R May

$ Jun Jul 71 Aug 2 129 Sep 91 536 Oct 90 1 360 N:v 79 22 300 Dec 190 35 400 1

~

A-45 TABLE A-21. (continued)

Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 73 11 300 Feb 7 18 70 ,

Mar Apr May Jun

cn Jul 9; Aug 17 160

~ Sep 240 500 17 Oct 35 64 100 20 Nov i 160 38 - 29 Dec 10 170 14 47 Jan 390 39 200 34 1 Feb 449 21 55 31 1 I Mr 22 12 40 1 Apr -

May o Jun

$ 3ul

~ Aug Sep Oct 2 Nov 1 Dec 1 6 4

Jan 2 63 Fcb 5 1 Mtr 4 19 i Apr Msy Jun Jul

. - Aug 5 E Sep 130

~ Oct 9 130 Nov 90 250 l Dec 3 1 200 l

l ,

l l

I l

i

A-46 TABLE A-21. (continued)

St: tion 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 3 1 150 Fcb 2 100 Mr 1 Apr My m Jun g Jul

- Aug Sep Oct Nsv -

Dec Jan l Feb Mir Apr May

% Jun

@Jul

~ Aug Sep i Oct Nov

• = New rack submerged September,1975; location changed to present site, December,1975.

- = Panel station not in operation.

- = Panel missing.

y ** = See Table A-1.

9

}

a I

l I

I I

A-47 TABLE A-22. NUMBER OF Bankia gouldiIN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER, W St tion 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 108 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jul - -

Aug 2 13 - 2 42 14 - - 4 - - 387 16 100 335 1 5 N Sep 4 51 - 988 268 - 27 - - 323 45 340 400 8 3 2 3 Oct 3 2 47 - 135 3 2 27 - - 374 50 399 400 4 4 1 Nov 1 4 4 26 - 8 100 5 2 12 - - 251 46 400 400 2 10 1 Dec 12 9 15 - 4 18 1 1 8 - 220 18 399 400 2 1 Jan -- 2 14 10 - 9 160 1 1 5 - - 240 22 64 400 6 1 Fsb 2 1 5 - 2 1 1 - - 64 8 -- 8 Mr - - -

Apr - - -

Msy - - -

e Jun - - -

S Jul - 1 2 - - 4 2

~ Aug 2- 2 2 2 1 - - 6 2 24 7 3 Sep 3- 1 2 2 3 1 - - 23 5 31 11 7 Oct 1- 3 1 4 1 1 1 - - 11 8 26 19 1 Nw 1 5- 4 5 1 - - 33 7 20 17 2 Dec 4- 1 3 5 2 - - 31 6 21 10 3 Jan - 1 2 - - 42 6 5 2 fib 2- 1 1 1 - - 31 2 2 M:r - - -

Apr - - -

M r.y - -

Jun - .

s Jul - -

S Aug 1 1 3 1 - - 15 1 5 1 1 Sep 21 6 4 1 1 - - 82 3 13 5 Oct 1 3 3 7 2 - - 59 7 10 9 Nov 1 5 7 1 - - 39 7 8 5 Dec 1 4 1 7 1 2 - - 25 7 18 9 3:n 2 11 1 2 2 2 1 - - 34 5 4 6 Fcb - - 1 1 1 Mer - -

, Apr . -

g M;y

- Jun

. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 0 ___.

A-48 TABLE A-22. (Continued) 1 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7+ 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jul 1 2 Aug 7 1 2 1

,Sep g 1 1 2 14 7 9

- Oct 4 1 1 5 2 30 2 6 9 1 N:v i 1 2 1 3 10 8 13 1 Dec 1 1 2 2 1 5 2 8 1 13 5 Jan 3 2 1 1 8 3 17 1 F;b 1 2 17 i Mar Apr My Jun a , Jul 1 28 g Aug 1 2 1 4 1 130 5 11 29

- Sep. 3 3 3 1 23 2 100 17 28 66 1 Oct 2 2 1 28 5 150 16 31 36 i Nsv 1 3 1 - 2 33 3 6 20 36 41 Dec 1 6 4 3 2 23 7 7 21 57 64 1 Jan 4 2 4 3 5 23 3 4 28 12 12 3 F:b 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 8 Mar Apr d

My

e,Jun g Jul

- Aug 1 Sep 3 1 1 3 13 2 29 12 1 1 Oct 4 1 1 17 13 10 1 1 N:V 2 1 8 1 34 11 3 4 Dec 3 4 1 1 2 18 13 2 1 3

, Jan 5 3 1 17 13 17 1 1 2 Fcb i 1 2 1 Mrr Apr

My i Jun Jul g Aug 1 3 2 3 2

~ Sep 1 3 4 3 9 Oct 1 2 1 4 2 - 8 1

! N:V 1 2 - 1 Dec ,2 1 3 5 1 3 3 8 2 --

3 I

A-49 TABLE A-22. (Continued)

Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 78 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 1 1 1 5 2 3 Feb I Mar Apr May gJun -

m Jul

~ Aug Sep i 1 3 3 3 1 Oct 1 2 1 3 1 1 Nov 5 2 1 2 Dec 1 2 1 2 3 1 Jan 2 2 1 1 1 4 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul hAug 1 2 2 43 2 39

- 5 :p 1 2 3 6 1 36 1 6 47 i Oct 1 4 3 1 2 11 1 23 46 1 1 Nov i 4 3 1 1 44 1 17 18 4 1 1

• = New rack submerged September,1975.

. = Panel station not in operation.

- = Panel missing.

• * = See Table A.I.

)

f A-50 TABLE A-23. PRESENCE AND DOMINANCE OF SPECIES OF TEREDINIDAE IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED FROM DECEMBER, 1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

Dec.,1982 - April,1983 July,1983 - Nov.,1983 Bankia Teredo Bankia Teredo Station g navails g navalis i

1 xdominant xdominant 2

3 xdominant xdominant 4

4A 3 xdominant xdominant 6 xdominant 7 xdominant xdominant 3 xdominant 9 x xdominant xdominant 10 xdominant 10A x xdominant xdominant 10B xdominant xdominant x xdominant xdominant x 11 12 x xdominant xdominant xdominant xdominant x 13 14 xdominant xdominant x 13 xco-dominant x xdominant x' 168 xdominant xdominant 17 xdominant x xdominant xSpecies present I

A-51 August and November,1983. This is a different occurrence- pattern than was seen during i

the last two reporting periods when there was an increase in the number of stations at which T. navalis occurred during the warmer months of the annual cycle (Hillman'et al.,

1983). No T. navalis were collected from Station 2, a site where they were formerly.quite abundant, but have not been collected since December,1980. They remain, however, .,-

dominant at Station 1 (Table A-23). During the first part of the reporting period, from 4 December,1982 through April,1983, T. navalis was also dominant at Stations 5, 7, 9,10, .

10A,11,12,14 and 17, and co-dominant at Station 15. This was an increase over what

%^

f '

i was reported last year, when a significant decline in Bankia gouldi, and the subsequent ,

dominance of T. navalis was reported (Hillman et al.,1983). During the second portion of

' ' 2 the reporting period, however, T. navalis remained dominant at only Stations 1 and 17 due to an increase in abundance of B. gouldi over that period. ,

i The results of the analysis of variance of Teredo navalis are given in Table A- p 24 (based on loge (1 + abundance)) and Table A-25 (based on presence / absence). As -

4 described in previous reports, the results of both ANOVAs indicate month, station, and ,

bicyear main effects are all highly significant, with station effects appearing the '2%

^ '

strongest (based on the mean square value). Further discussion of the ANOVA results is:

based on the ANOVA carried out on loge (1 + abundance) values.

In the annual report for the period December, 1980 - November,' 1981' s (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982), we initiated a system of grouping the data which corresponded to the breeding season of the Teredinidae rather than to the calendar year. -

Grouping by calendar year had appeared to artificially enhance the two-way interactions '

in the analysis of variance and the new grouping has been extremely usefulin explainidg ~

, the underlying causes of variation in the data. We have continued grouping data on tthe; basis of bioyear (i.e. July, Year A to June, Year B) in the present report and thus the mc3t" 3 s 4 recent data added during this calendar year comprise the last six months of bioyear 82/8f. +

and the first six months of bioyear 83/84.  ?.%

For the data on Teredo navalis abundance (Table A-24), the results of the - *1 q-

- ANOVA were similar to those presented in previous reports. All main effects were found -

1 ,

to be highly significant for both grouped (region, season, bioyear) and ungrouped (station,L . . ,

s '

month, bioyear) factors. Higher order interactions were calculated for grouped factors ,

y ,

t only and also indicated a pattern of significance similar to that reported previously. The 1 y j,A

.p., ,V

-4'

4 I  !

s w- 1

~

i. :

y; .s , ,

77 3+

'/ ,

.) '

, e r . </

i

.} '

i ,

t \ ,

A

'^ ^

, ) , ., ',

, t. . ;_ <

-f '

.7 ,

/  ; - s -

N s ,

/ #

TABLE A-24. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF LOG,(1 + ABUNDANCE)OF Teredo navalis BASED ON LONG-TERM (6. MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JANUARY,1976 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983. WITls THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, M AY OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Suse of Mean Significance 8 Sowce of Variation Sapsares DF Sgaare F of F Source of Variation Sganres DF Square F of F $

MAIN EFFECTS - 559.025 12 46.585 31.691 0.000 MAIN EFFECTS 1049.145 33 31.792 609.74 0.000 Region 515.555 4 128.889 143.015 0.000 Station 966.425 19 30.864 97.552 0.000 Season 15.771 2 7.886 8.750 0.000 Month 57.034 8 7.129 13.673 0.000 Bioyear - 28.844 6 4.807 5.334 0.000 Bioyear 29.495 6 4.916 9.428 0.000 2-W AY INTER ACTIONS  %.062 44 2.183 2.423 0.000 5.222 0.000 Region / Season 64.676 8 8.085 8.971 0.000 19.334 0.000 Region /Bioyear 24.352 24 1.015 1.126 0.306 2.427 0.000 Season /Bioyear 4.976 12 0.415 0.460 0.938 0.991 0.455 3-W AY INTERACTIONS 14.037 48 0.292 0.324 1.000 0.698 0.941 Region / Season /Bioyear 14.037 48 0.292 0.324 1.000 EXPLAINED 669.124 104 6.434 7.139 0.000 EXPLAINED 1159.24 125 9.274 19.999 RESIDUAL 989.548 1098 0.901 RESIDUAL 499.433 1077 0.464 TOTAL 1658.673 1202 1.380

Y TABLE A-25. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Teredo navalis BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED 3ANUARY,1976 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 WITH THE EXCMPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Surn of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Source of Variation Sapsares DF Square F of F

?

MAIN EFFECTS 40.374 12 3.365 26.118 0.000 MAIN EFFECTS 78.269 33 2.372 23.036 0.000 $

Region 27.917 4 6.979 54.180 0.000 Station 58.544 19 3.081 29.927 0.000 Season 2.576 2 1.288 9.999 0.000 Month 10.013 8 1.252 12.156 0.000 Bioyear 10.126 6 1.688 13.101 0.000 Bioyear 10.200 6 1.700 16.510 0.000 2-DAY INTER ACTIONS 12.889 44 0.293 2.274 0.000 3.052 0.000 Region / Season 4.341 8 0.543 4.212 0.000 5.656 0.000 Region /Bioyear 6.136 24 0.256 1.9f.5 0.003 2.667 0.000 Season /Bioyear 1.911 12 0.159 1.236 0.252 1.656 0.071 3-W AY INTER ACTIONS 3.924 48 0.082 0.635 0.976 0.854 0.750 Region / Season /Bioyear 3.924 48 0.082 0.635 0.976 EXPLAINED 57.188 104 0.550 4.269 0.000 EXPLAINED 95.082 125 0.761 7.915 RESIDUAL 141.443 1098 0.129 RESIDUAL 103.548 1077 0.096 TOTAL 178.630 1202 0.165

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ .-_J

i, i

1 A-54  !

interaction of region and season was highly significant, meaning that the pattern of seasonal change in T. navalis densities differs among regions. The region-bioyear

< interaction was also significant, but season-bioyear interactions were not significant. The interaction of all three main factors was also not significant.

Formal multiple comparison procedures were carried out based on the results of the ANOVA calculations of loge (1 + abundance). The Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test was carried out at the a = 0.05 level. The specific ways in which stations, months, and years were compared were chosen on the basis of the results of the interaction plots. Thus, the following comparisons were made:

~

1) Stations a) all data b) summer months only c) fall and winter months only

2) Bioyears

< a) all data b) Region 3 only c) Region 1 (impacted) only

3) Months a) all data b) complete bioyears only (7/76 - 6/82) c) Region 3 only Comparisons among station means for T. navalis log abundances, using all available data produced the following grouping (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = .05):

16B 61213 4 5 310 4A 10B 9 8 710A 1415 217111

A-55 3

This pattern was repeated in the results based on fall and winter data only:

16B 5 61312 410 3 8 4A 10B 9 71410A 15 217111 and was only slightly different using data from only the summer months:

3 4 616B 14A 101210B 13 9 510A 7 815 21714111.

These observations are generally similar to those described in recent reports (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983) and continue to indicate significantly elevated densities of T. navalis near Barnegat inlet (Stations 1 and 17) and at Stations 2 and 11. As in previous years, densities of T. navalis at stations in Oyster Creek (Stations 5, 6, 7, 8) were not significantly different from the majority of stations on the western side of Barnegat Bay.

The results of the Student-Newman-Keuls procedure on ANOVA results using bioyears did not indicate as many significant differences as were found among stations.

When all data were included in the analysis, a broadly overlapping pattern resulted:

83/84 77/78 78/79 81/82 80/81 82/83 76/77 75/76 79/80 The overall pattern is similar to that described in our previous report, with the obvious exception of Bioyear 83/84 which is included for the first time. This most recent bioyear had the lowest T. navalis densities, but this is not necessarily indicative of any trend in this direction because the difference is not significant, and data for the current

'-ioyear are incomplete. Overall, the pattern continues to provide no evidence for either a l decrease or increase in T. navalis densities throughout the sampling area as a whole.

When only data from Region 3 (Stations 1 and 17), near Barnegat Inlet, are j considered, a considerably different p,attern is evident although, again, the differences l among bioyears are generally too small to be significant:

75/76 79/80 77/78 80/81 78/79 81/82 82/83 76/77 83/84 l

1

-e l

A-56 Based on data from Region 1 (impacted stations) only, 82/83 remained the bioyear of greatest recorded T. navalis densities, but was no longer significantly different from several other years (see Hillman et al.,1983; p. A-43). Data from the current bioyear (83/84) did not appear to support a hypothesis of recent increases in T. navalis

, densities.

As presented and described in previous reports (Hillman et al.,1983), the results of SNK comparisons among months were generally similar for all data, complete bioyears only, and Region 3 only. These results clearly indicated a seasonal cycle for T.

navalis populations in Barnegat Bay with lowest numbers in the spring and summer followed by greatest densities during fall and winter.

Teredo bartschi. One of the more significant aspects of last year's program was the virtual disappearance of T. bartschi from the panels (Hillman et al.,1983). Again, no T. bartschi were collected at any site in the study area during this reporting period.

The reason or reasons for the disappearance of this species from the study area are still not defined.

Bankia gouldi. Bankia gouldi was recorded from 6-month panels from 9 of the 20 stations during December,1982 and January,1983 (Table A-22). No additional B_.

gouldi were collected until August,1983, but between August and November, they were collected at 15 of the 20 sites, a sharp increase over what has been observed for the past several seasons. A significant decline in abundance was reported for B. gouldi in the previous report (Hillman et al.,1983). It would appear from the data shown in Table A-22, that this trend may have been reversed.

4 Table A-23 shows B. gouldi dominant only at Stations 3,10B,13 and 16B, and co-dominant at Station 15 during the period from December,1982 through April,1983.

I From July,1983 through November, it became dominant at 14 of the 20 collecting sites.

This is due more to an increase in numbers of B_. gouldi than to a decrease in numbers of T_. navalis.

As has been the case in previous years, analysis of both the presence / absence and abundance data produced similar results. All main effects were highly significant for both the grouped (region, season, bioyear) and ungrouped (station, month, bioyear) analysis. Comparison of the mean squares attributable to each of the main factors Indicated results identical with those reported last year (Hillman et al.,1983). Using loge l

w y e -

A-57 l

'(1 + abundance) data, station was the most important main effect for ungrouped factors and region was most important for grouped factors. Using presence / absence data, i i

however, month was the most important ungrouped factor and season the most important grouped factor. In all cases, however, the relative importance of all factors (except bioyear) was quite similar. Although the effect of bioyear was significant, its magnitude was consistently lower than spatial (station / region) and shorter-term temporal (month / season) factors. l The results of the analyses of variance of Bankia gouldi are given in Tables A-26 (based on loge (1 + abundance)) and Table A-27 (based on presence / absence).

Based on the abundance data, both the region-season and region-bioyear interactions were highly significant and the season-bioyear interaction was not significant. Only the region-bioyear interaction was significant for the presence / absence data. For both types of data the three-way interaction was not significant. These results are essentially similar to those reported last year (Hillman et al.,1983).

Interaction plots were prepared based on the ANOVA results for loge (1 +

abundance) and formal multiple comparison procedures were carried out in order to understand the significance of the ANOVA results. The Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test was carried out at the p = 0.05 level. The specific way in which stations, months, and years were compared were chosen on the basis of the results of the interaction plots. The following comparisons were therefore made:

1) Stations a) all data b) fall months only c) winter and summer months only

2) Bioyears a) all data

3) Months a) all data b) complete bioyears only (7/76 - 6/83)

TABLE A-26. ANALYSISTHROUGH OF VARIANCE e OF LOG (1 + ABUNDANCE)OF Bankia ouldi BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MON 3ANUARY,1976, NOVEMBER,1983, WITH THE EXCEP OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance o Sum of Mean Source of Variation Squares DF Significance Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F MAIN EFFECTS 210.064 12 17.505 27.957 0.000 MAIN EFFECTS Region 99.804 470.780 33 14.266 33.148 0.000 4 24.951 39.848 0.000 Station 302.414 19 13.917 36.942 0.000 Season 44.492 2 22.246 35.527 0.000 Month Bioyear 103.568 8 12.946 30.080 0.000 57.700 6 9.617 15.358 0.000 Bioyear 69.948 6  !!.658 27.088 0.000 2-CAY INTER ACTIONS 57.902 44 1.316 2.102 0.000 3.323 0.000 Region / Season 19.108 8 2.389 3.315 0.000 6.033 0.000 Region /Bioyear 29.020 24 1.209 1.931 0.005 3.053 0.000 Season /Bioyear 7.730 12 0.644 1.029 0.419 1.626 0.079 3-DAY INTERACTIONS 18.405 48 0.383 0.612 0.983 0.967 0.538 >

Region / Season /Bioyear 18.405 48 0.383 0.612 0.983 h

EXFLAINED 286.371 104 2.754 4.398 0.000 EXPLAINED $47.087 125 4.377 11.053 RESIDUAL 687.524 1098 0.626 RESIDUAL 426.807 1077 0.396 TOTAL 973.894 1202 0.810

TABLE A-27. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Bankia goulds BASED ON LONG-TERM (6. MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JANUARY.1976, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, M AY OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Sepaares DF Sqinare F of F Source of Variation Sepaares DF Square F of F  ?

MAIN EFFECTS 49.522 12 4.127 24.217 0.000 MAIN EFFECTS 106.882 33 3.239 25.422 0.000 Region 23.749 4 5.937 34.841 0.000 Station 58.205 19 3.063 24.045 0.000 Season 13.137 2 6.569 38.546 0.000 Month 36.266 8 4.533 35.582 0.000 Bioyear 10.677 6 1.780 10.443 0.000 Bioyear 14.315 6 2.386 18.727 0.000 2-W AY INTER ACTIONS 12.610 44 0.287 1.682 0.004 2.392 0.000 Region / Season 1.901 8 0.238 1.395 0.194 1.983 0.045 Region /Bioyear 8.387 24 0J49 2.051 0.002 2.908 0.000 '

Season /Beoyear 2.119 12 0.177 1.036 0.412 1.475 0.127 3-W AY INTER ACTIONS 6.573 48 0.137 0.804 0.8 29 1.142 0.238 Season / Region /Bioyear 6.573 48 0.137 0.804 0.829 EXPLAINED 68.706 104 0.661 3.877 0.000 EXPLAINED 126.065 125 1.009 8.408 RESIDUAL 187.110 1098 0.170 RESIDUAL 129.751 1077 0.120 TOTAL 255.816 1202 0.213

l A-60 Comparisons among stations using all available data indicated the followin5 groupings (groups of stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p = 0.5):

21716B 13 9 6 4A 10 815 410B 7 510A 12131411 These results are generally similar to those presented in the previous two

' reports (Maciolek-Blake, et al.,1982: Hillman et al.,1983) and continue to indicate the unique nature of Station 11. Once again, stations within the area of influence of the generating station (Stations 5, 6, 7, 8) do not tend to group together with respect to B_.

gouldi densities and are not significantly different from most stations in the study area.

Repeating this analysis on data from the fall season only produced the following pattern of significant differences:

2116B 3 917 6 4A 1015 8 410B 5 71219141311 This result is very similar to that described for all data and again underscores the uniquely high densities of B_. gouldi at Station 11. Both analyses also indicate that Stations 13 and 14 have significantly higher densities of B. gouldi than the remainder of j

the Bay though not as high as densities at Station 11.

Analysis of data grouped by bioyear, using all available data, produced a r

pattern of overlapping significantly different groups similar to that reported last year (Hillman et al.,1983):

82/83 81/82 78/79 80/81 83/84 77/78 76/77 79/80 75/76 i .

The trend of decreasing densities of B. gouldi throughout the Bay remained evident through the 82/83 bioyear, for which data are now complete. Partial data from the current bioyear (83/84), however, tentatively indicate that this trend may be 1

t l

A-61

[

1

\

[ yeversing. Because of the overlapping pattern of significance and incornplete 83/84 data, l

! however, this observation is only speculative at this time.

! Analysis of monthly patterns of change in B_. gouldi densities repeated the clear seasonal trends discussed last year (Hillman et al.,1983). The Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range procedure produced the following pattern of significance, using all data or data from complete bioyears only:

4 MAR 3UL FEB AUG NOV SEP OCT DEC 3AN i

! Significantly lower densities were evident during the months bracketing the

! spring period (APR, MAY, JUN), a time during which no teredinids are found in the samples. Significantly elevated densities occur during the fall and winter months.

Destruction. Percent destruction (= percent filled) of panels was recorded for j

r both short-term (Table A-4) and long-term panels (Tables A-8 through A-19). The average j percent destruction to long-term panels (Figure A-5) over each breeding season (July, -

i Year A, through April, Year B) is given in Table A-28, and in Table A-29 the stations are-

} ranked in descending order of amount of attack. The first and second place rankings for Stations 11 and 14, respectively, are a manifestation of the increase in Bankia gouldi l abundance at those stations over the reporting period. Station i dropped to a third place

! ' ranking this year after having been ranked first for the two previous reporting periods.

.l. This does not necessarily represent a decrease in attack at that site, but, again, an f increase in B. gouldi attack at Stations 11 and 14.

] Over the years of the study, Station I has probably had more consistent attack than any other station. This statement is based on a ranking by " relative attack",

j determined by assigning'10 points to a station each time it was ranked first (Table A-28),

l 9 points for a second place ranking,8 points for a third place ranking, down to 1 point for a tenth place ranking. The number of times each station was ranked in each of the ten j top places is shown in -Table A-30, and the relative ranking af ter assigning the various i

points is shown in Table A-31. Station I was ranked first five times, and was in the top i fcur stations each year of the study (Table A-30). Station 11, with two first place 1

rankings, is the only other station to have placed in the top four each year.

i f

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8-S% OESTRUCTION FIGURE A-5. PERCENT DESTRUCTION BY TEREDINIDS TO LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) EXPOSURE PANELS FROM JULY, 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

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A-65 TABLE A-28. AVERAGE PERCENT DESTRUCTION TO LONG-TERM PANELS OVER BREEDING SEASONS Breeding Season

• 1979 1980 1981 1987 1983 St tion 1975 1976 1977 1978 1 72.7*

• 61.1 58.8 52.7 60.7 40.2 60.6 49.5 60.4 2 23.7 0.4 1.1 8.8 19.4 8.4 0.0 0.0 0.6 3 15.4 0.1 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 l 4 33.0 5.1 1.3 2.6 4.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 -

4A - - 3.1 0.6 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 67.9 7.2 9.9 21.9 61.1 8.5 6.5 0.8 3.0 6 65.1 3.1 0.9 4.7 14.9 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.4 7 2. l *

• 18.1 36.5 53.0 67.5 6.9 29.9 2.0 6.8 8 3.5 *

• 7.4 2.1 3.3 2.5 *

• 1.1 0.7 0.8 5.2 9 2.3 *

• 1.1 1.4 0.8 4.2 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.2 10 23.7 1.6 3.3 0.2 3.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 10A - - - 8.0 49.6 22.4 3.2 3.0 3.4 10B - - - 2.4 14.4 2.1 0.4 2.0 1.2 11 64.5 24.5 43.1 24.7 66.6 40.5 7.7 42.8 70.2 12 39.6 15.7 12.4 0.8 35.6 18.3 2.0 0.2 1.4 13 57.2 *

• 38.2 24.9 13.7 42.2 2.8 3.1 *

• 4.4 37.4 14 56.3 32.4 19.2 24.3 48.5 2.2 10.2 2.0 65.4 15 15.4 5.1 0.5 0.7 5.6 2.9 1.2 2.9 6.4 16/16B 6.6 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *

• 1.8 0.6 17 44.4 8.5 0.8 1.8 3.5 2.0 0.8 5.0 3.6

• 1975: July,1975-April,1976 1976: July,1976- April,1977 1977: July,1977-April,1978 1978: July,1978-April,1979 1979: July,1979-April,1980 1980: July,1980-April,1981 1981: July,1981-April,1982 1982: July,1982-April,1983 1983: July,1983-November,1983

• • = Incomplete data.

- = Panel not exposed.

A-66 TABLE A-29. RANK OF STATIONS IN DESCENDING ORDER OF TEREDINID ATTACK +

1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983**

7 7 11 1 1 11 1 1 1 11 11 1 7 11 14 5 13 1 6 14 7 11 5 10A 14 17 1 13 14 1 12 11 13 13 11 11 14 7 14 5 10A 5 5 10A 7 12 12 13 14 2 10A 15 15 13 i 17 17 5 2 13 7 13 7 8 12 8 10 10A 12 15 12 10B 17 4 5 4A 6 2 13 15 14 10A 10 4 8 8 6 6 17 16B 5 2 15 9 4 10B 14 8 9 12 3 6 4 10B 4A 10B 6 5 10B 2 17 15 17 10 8 2 15 10 3 9 4 9 10B 3 3 16 9 6 12 9 8 9 10 16B 8 2 17 15 10 4 2 12 6 9 3 15 4A 17 10 3 4 9 7 16 16 10 3 3 4 2 4 3 8 4A 4A 4A 4A 4

16 16 16 16 6 10 t

• = From mean percentages, Table A-28.

• * = Half season.

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TABLE A-30. NUMBER OF TIMES EACH STATION WAS RANKED IN EACH OF THE FIRST TEN PLACES IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK.

Ranking Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 5 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 3

4 1 1 4A 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 7 2 1 1 2 2 8 1 2 9

10 1 1 10A 1 2 1 1 1 10B 1 11 2 3 1 3 12 1 2 2 13 1 3 14 1 2 1 2 1 1 15 2 1 1 16 1 17 1 2 1 1 k

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A-68 TABLE A-31. RELATIVE RANKING OF STATIONS IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK FROM 1975 THROUGH 1983.

Rank Station Points 1 1 83 3

2 11

• 76 3 7 57 4 14 51 5 5 42 6 10A 30 6 13 30 7 12 23

.i 8 17 20 9 15 15 10 6 12 11 2 11 12 8 5 13 10 4 14 4 3 15 16 1 16 3 0 16 4A 0 16 9 0 l

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A-69 Analysis of destruction data in previous reports (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1981; 1982; Hillman et al.,1983) has indicated that woodborer abundance is the most important variable (factor) in determining the amount of destruction of the test substrata. Of the remaining variables, temporal factors were found to be more important than spatial factors. That is, variation over time is more important in determining amount of destruction than is location of the panels among the various station sites in the study trea. Addition of data from the current year continues to support these conclusions.

An unweighted least squares multiple regression model of logit (proportion destruction) was fitted to the abundance data and solved for the regression coefficient for

' cach species. Data outliers which had been omitted in previous years (see Hillman et al.,

1983, p. A-64) were also eliminated in the current analysis. Calculated regression coefficients were:

Unstandardized Standardized Bo (Constant) -5.08 B1 Teredinidae 0.25 0.13

B2 Bankia gouldi 1.43 0.57 B3 Teredo navalis 1.20 0.48 B4 Teredo bartschi 0.66 0.24 B3 Teredo spp. 0.48 0.11 The magnitude of the regression coefficient for each taxon is proportional to relative amount of damage done per individual of the taxon. For this analysis, as in previous years, Bankia gouldi has the largest coefficient, indicating that B. gouldi does the most destruction per individual. Similarly, the small regression coefficient for the taxon Teredinidae indicates that individuals of that taxon perform the least damage; that is apparently related to their small size. The multiple coefficient of determination (r2) for this fit was 0.76, indicating that approximately 75% of the variation in t'he destruction data was explainable in terms of the Teredinidae densities.

Q

A-70 In order to investigate the effect, if any, of spatial or temporal factors (other than abundance of teredinids) on the amount of destruction, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was fitted to the regression residuals using station, month, and bioyear as t main effects. The results of this ANOVA are presented in Table A-32. All main effects

and two-way interactions were significant with month (or season) being the most important factor. The season /bioyear interaction was the most important of the three interactions examined.

Long-term (12-Month) Panels Beginning in August,1976, two "special panels" were placed on the exposure racks at every station. These panels are removed and replaced in May and June each year, af ter a 12-month exposure. The purpose of these additional panels is to provide specimens of teredinids for histological analyses of gonad development (see Appendix B),

particularly during the critical spring months when no borers are usually found in the 6-month panels. Additional information on species present in these 12-month panels, their size range and the percent of panel filled has also been recorded. These data are not as extensive, however, as those collected from the regular I- and 6-month panels.

The incidence of teredinids in 12-month panels was first reported in 1982 (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). The incidence of teredinids in panels submerged in May, 1982 and retrieved in May,1983 is shc,.vn in Table A-33. Table A-34 shows incidence in the panels submerged in June,1982 and retrieved in June,1983.

The teredinid distribution and abundance patterns from the 12-month panels conform to what was shown by the 6-month panels. This is consistent with what was reported for the previous reporting period (Hillman et al.,1983).

Limnoria Table A-35 shows the incidence of the crustacean woodborer Limnoria in 6-l month and 1-month panels removed December,1982 through November,1983.

During the present report period, Limnoria was present at Stations 1,2,3,4, 4A, and 5. Attack was up at Stations 2 and 4A (Figure A-6). At Station 2, it was higher

i.

b TABLE A-32.

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF RESIOUALS OF LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION teODEL OF LOGIT (PROPORTION DESTRUCTION).

Sum of Mean Significance Susn of Source of Variation 5 ,sares necan "'"'a----

DF Sapsare F of F Senarce of Variation Squares DF Sgaure F ' of F Maisn Effects 163.463 13 12.574 15.874 0.000 Main Effects 277.340 34 8.157 9.767 0.000 Region 11.723 4 2.931 3.700 0.005 Station Season 61.964 19 3.261 3.905 0.000 68.088 2 34.044 42.977 0.000 Month 131.990 8 Bioyear 80.959 16.499 19.754 0.000 7 11.566 14.600 0.000 Bioyear 83.550 7 11.9% 14.291 0.000 2-Way heteractaans 190.292 50 3.806 4.805 0.000 Region / Season 5.346 0.000 13.844 8 I . 7% 2.191 0.026 Region /Bioyear 101.643 2.438 0.013 p 28 3.630 4.583 0.000 5.098 Season /Bioyear 73.134 0.000 s 5.367 6.775 14 0.000 7.538 0.000 y kWay Interactions 47.493 56 0.848 1.071 0.339 1.191 0.162 Region / Season /Bioyear 47.493  % 0.848 1.071 0.339 Esplained 401.248 119 3.372 4.257 0.000 E @a-a 315.130 140 3.679 5.167 I R==aa a 973.538 1229 0.792 Resadual 859.6 % 1208 0.712 Total 1374.786 1348 1.020 i

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A-72 TABLE A-33. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN 12-MONTH PANELS SUBMERGED MAY 4-5,1982 AND REMOVED MAY 2-3, 1983 No. of Percent Size Range Station Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 500 99 3-65 150 T. navalis, 20% of panel missing 350 Teredinidae 90% of shipworms dead.

Several with ripening gonads.

7 11 13 <!-305 1 B_. gouldi, All dead except 1 T. navalis, ' for B. gouldi

~

9 Teredinidae l

10A 2 4 18-210 2 B. g 11 8 18 30-200 7 T. navalis Ripening gonads,

- 1 Teredinidae 2 Dead.

13 1 3 190 1 B,. gouldi 14 3 10 163-217 3 B. gouldi, i

15 6 2 <l-75 2 T_. navalis, 4 Teredinidae No Teredinidae in panels from Stations 2-6, 8- 10, 10B, 12, 16B- 17.

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V A-73 TABLE A-34. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN 12-MONTH PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE l-2,1982 AND REMOVED JUNE 6-7, 1983 No. of Percent Size Range Station Specimens Filled in m m. Species Identification Remarks 1 400 99 3-35 3 T. navalis 1/3 of panel missing.

397 Teredinidae All dead except for 3.

Ripening gonads and larvae.

7 34 <l-55 1 7 T. navalis, 27 Teredinidae 9 1 2 140 1 T. navalis Dead 10A 2 7 165-130 2 T. navalis Ripening gonads.

10B 5 1 230 1 B. M Ripening gonads.

11 4 18 135-330 3 B_. M Ripening gonads.

1 T. navalis 13 1 5 295 I B,. gouldi Ripening gonads.

14 1 6 315 i B. gouldi Ripening gonads.

15 5 3 <!-150 1 B. gouldi, Ripening gonad.

1 T. navalis, 3 Teredinidae 17 5 2 <!-77 3 T_. navalis, All dead.

2 Teredinidae No Teredinidae in panels from Stations 2-6, 8, 10, 12, 16B.

TABLE A-35. INCM) DICE OF Ll4ANORIA IN 6-MONTH (P) AND l-MONTH (C) EXPOSURE PANELS REMOVED DECEMllER, IM2 THROUCH NOVFa Dec 1982 Jan IM3 Feb 1983 Mar 1983 Apr 1983 May 1983 Just 1983 T-neie/ = T=wwh/* T==wh/

• JulI M 3 Aug IM3 Sep 1983 Oct 1983 Now IM3 T=viel/ T== win / *

• Tu-eh/ Timewinte = T 5tation Panel - - - ' "

5pecimens Specimens Specimens Specimiens Spacineens Wh - ' ' se/ * = = Tissienn/* *

• T===ht* *

• Timmieh/* *

• T-neh/* *

• 5pecamens ,' " '

1 P 4/0 7/0 -

6/4 5/3 C 3/2 2/3 2/0 7/12 26/12 19/3 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/2 7/8 10/12 10/7 2/0 2 P  % 0/390 345/300 80/86 I(/10 S.* 1 4/2 96/130 670/800 1600/1500 4000/3800 2000/1500 2400/2010 C 0/0 0/0 0/0 0,'o 0/0 0/0 15/17 34/57 31/23 38/47 2/0 2/2 3 P 11 1 0/0 t/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/2 19/12 20/16 155/170 150/130 80/70 C 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 1/8 3/4 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 4 P 425/190 132/110 71/66 0/0 t/0 0/0 54/66 54/80 I4/19 290/375 205/205 610/510 C 0/0 0/c 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 p 86/88 t/2 0/0 t/0 0/0 0/0 a 4A P w 6800/5000 500/450 800/700 126/72 27/23 28/10 2200/3504 #

C I/I 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 3500/6000 4500/6000 7200/6000 7500/5500 7800/5000 8/3 900/1500 990/1500 260/380 59/73 15/10 t/0 S P 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 C 0/0 2/2 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 6-17 No Limnoria present

• Juveniles present

• • Gravid females present

• ** Gravid females and juveniles present No panel examined l

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I1,15,17 i i i i e i i i i 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 YEAR FIGURE A-6. AVERAGE NUMBER OF Limnoria TUNNELS IN LONG-TERM (6-MONTH)

PANELS FROM 1976 THROUGli 1983.

. A-76 than at any other time during the study, but considerably less than what was recorded at

Station 4A. Attack was down sharply at Station 4 af ter a two-year increase.

The mode of destruction of the surface of wood by crustacean borers such as Limnoria can prevent teredinld larvae from finding a suitable surface on which to settle.

! The presence of Limnoria at Station 2 could perhaps be a contributing factor in,the decline of teredinids at that site.

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l A-77 References Cited Bartsch, Paul. 1908. A new shipworm from the United States. Proc. Biol. Soc.

Washington, 21(34):211-212.

Clapp, W.F. 1923. A new species of Teredo from Florida. Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist.,

37(2):37-38.

. 1925. Notes en the stenomorphic form of the shipworm. Trans. Acad. Scl.,

St. Louis, 25(3):81-89, Pl. 4-5.

Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1981 to November 30,1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts.

Maciolck-Blake, N., R.E. Hi!! man, P.I. Feder and C.I. Belmore.1981. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Genersting Station. Annual Report for the period Decemva r 1,1979 to November 30, 1980 to Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Batte!!e-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Massschusett. Report No.15040.

1982. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts.

Menzies, R.J. 1931. A new species of Limnoria (Crustaceas Isapoda) from southern California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 50(2):36-88.

. 1959. The identification and distribution of the species of Limnoria, in:

Ray, D.L., Wrine Boring and Fouling Organisms. Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., pp.10-33.

1 Miller, R.G. Jr.1966. Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw HH1 Co., Inc.

Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, J.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1973. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. McGraw Hill Co., Inc. 2nd Edition.

Purushotham, A. and K. Satyanaroyana Rao. ca.1971. The First Progress Report of tha .

Committee for the Protection of Timber Against Marme Organisms Attack m the Indian Coastal Water for the Period 1953-70. Jour. T!mber Development Assoc. (India), Vol. XVII (3):1 74. '

Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1976. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period June 1,1975 to May 31,1976 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp L boratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14729.

g

._ __ a ____ _

7 i

t A-78

. 1978. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period June 1,1976 to November 30,1977 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14819.

. C.I. Belmore, and R.E. lilliman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company.

Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14893.

, and N.3. Maciolek. 1980. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December,1978 to November 30, 1979 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle.

Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass.

Report No.14968.

Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Mus of Comp. Zoo., Harvard University., Cambridge, Mass. 263 pp.

. 1971. Identification of marine wood-boring molluscs. In: Marine Borers, Fungi and Foullnc Organisms of Wood, (Eds.) Organizatlon for economic cooperation and development, Paris. Chapter 1, pp.17-64.

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APPENDIX B 9

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" s APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Table of Contents Page In trod uct1on........ . .... ..................... .................................... .......... .. ................... B - 1 Materials and Me thods.............................................. ........................................ B - 2 Resul ts and D iscussion....................................................................... ............... B - 4 L i te ra ture Ci t ed............................................................................... ............. .... B - 1 8 g

LIST OF TABLES Table B-1. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Teredo navails in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December,1982 Through November,1983... B-5

- ' Table N2. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Immature Teredinids in Exposure Panels at Stations in i Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December,1982 Through N ovem ber, 19 8 3.. ...... . .......................................... .............. . ..... B - 8 Table B-3. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Bankia gouldi in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December,1982 Through November,1983... B-9

. LIST OF FIGURES Figure B-1. Percent of all Specimens of Teredo navalis in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August,1977 Through November,1983... B-14 Figure B-2. Percent of all Specimens of Teredo bartschi in Each Stage j of Gonad Development from August,1977 Through N ove mber, 198 3........................................................................... B-15 Figure B-3. Percent of Specimens of Bankia gouldi from Region 1 in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August,1977 Through J' November, 198 3........................................................................... B - 16 i

Figure B-4. Percent of Specimens of Bankia gouldi from Regions 2,4, j and 5 in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August, j i 1977 Through November, 1983....................................................... B . ,

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I B-1 APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Introduction Temperature may be the most important factor in the regulation of reproductive cycles in marine invertebrates (Hedgpeth and Gonor,1969). For this reason, studies of the reprodt:ctive cycles of the teredine borers in Barnegat Bay have been an integral part of the program designed to assess the effects of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Gtnerating Station on woodborers in the Bay.

Alteration of the normal cycles theoretically could occur in one or more ways.

Initiation of gonad development could be earlier than expected in thermally-affected areas, resulting in earlier than normal spawning. Given the short time necessary for newly-settled larvae to become sexually mature (Turner,1966), some could settle and spawn within one season. Should the waters in a given area be warmer than those of the surrounding areas not affected by the thermal plume, the breeding period might be extended well into the fall.

The developmental stages of gonads from borers in areas affected by the thermal plume were assessed histologically and compared to stages of gonad development in borers from non-affected areas. Data through November,1982 did not suggest any major alterations in breeding patterns of indigenous shipworm species within the study area. The studies have continued and the data reported here summarize the results of

! observations made from August,1975 through November,1983.

l l

In previous reports (e.g., Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982) the possibility of an extended breeding season for Teredo bartschi in the discharge area was discussed. Since February,1982, however, no T. bartschi have been recovered for examination of gonad l

d2velopmental patterns. A sub-tropical species, T. bartschi could have been expected to h:ve breeding individuals year-round in the warmer discharge water, even though their

, larvae would not have been expected.to survive the colder winter water temperatures outside the discharge areas.

B-2 Materials and Methods Teredine borers were removed in the laboratory from exposure panels retrieved from Barnegat Bay. Details of the retrieval schedule for standard panels are given in Appendix A. With the six-month retrieval schedule, there were three months of the year (April through June) when no borers were recovered from the panels because the panels were immersed when no larvae were settling. In order to obtain gonad information during those critical spring periods, two special panels, retrieved on an annual basis, were installed in May and June of 1976 at each station. This enabled us to obtain some information on the early spring gonadal patterns. In addition, t.eparate racks were installed at Stations 2,7,11,12 and 17 to provide additional information on the parasites of Teredo. The panels on these racks are exposed for a 12 month cycle.

Upon removal f rom the exposure panels, the shipworms were placed in one.of a variety of fixatives. During the initial portion of the study, when specimens were being shipped to Battelle's Columbus, Ohio, facility for sectioning, they were fixed in Bouin's fixative. Since processing was begun at the Duxbury facility in May,1977 the specimens .

have been fixed in Zenker's, Helly's and most recently, Davidson's fixative.

The specimens were fixed for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />, followed by rinsing with 70 percent d: natured ethanol. The gonad-containing portion of each shipworm was excised, dehydrated further in ethanol, placed in two changes of methylbenzoate and cleared in three changes of xylene. They were then embedded in Paraplast and sectioned at six microns. From January,1978 through November,1981, at least two slides of each specimen were prepared. One slide was stained in hematoxylin and eosin for gonad analysis; the second slide was stained with Masson's trichrome or Whipf's polychrome stain and used with the hematoxylin and eosin stained slides for pathological analysis.

The slides were examined microscopically to determine the stage of gonad d2velopment at the time the specimens were removed from the water. Because the Teredinidae are bivalve molluscs, the characteristics of gonad development are similar to those of other bivalves, and a classification of developmental stages used by other investigators examining gonads of various bivalves (e.g., Ropes and Stickney,1965; Ropes, l 1968; Holland and Chew,1974) was suitable. The various phases of gonad development wire characterized as follows: ~

l

\

! . 1 I l l

1 l

a B-3 Female Gonads

1. Early active phase - Oogonia occurred at the periphery and within the alveolar walls; nuclei of oogonia contained basophilic nucleoli. The alveolar walls were' not completely contracted and lumina were evident in most gonads.

2. Late active phase - Large oocytes were attached to the alveloar wall and protruded into the alveolar lumen. The oocyte nucleus was large and contained a basophilic nucleolus.

3. Ripe phase - The shipworm was considered ripe when the number of oocytes that had become detached from the alveolar wall and were free in the lumen of the alveolus exceeded the number still attached to the alveolar wall.

4. Partially spawned phase - A few oocytes were still attached to the thickened alveolar wall, and some residual ripe ova remained in the alveolar lumen.

5. Spent phase - Alveoli were usually empty of ripe oocytes and those that remained were undergoing cytolysis.

Male Gonads

1. Early active phase - Shipworms in the early active phase contained darkly staining spermatogonia in the thickened alveolar wall.

2. Late active phase - This phase was characterized by the proliferation and maturation of spermatocytes, most of which have migrated I toward the center of the alveolus. A central lumen was present in the alveolus and occasionally a .

small number of spermatozoa were present in the l lumen.

l

3. Ripe phase - In the ripe phase, the alveolar' lumen was crowded with darkly-stained spermatozoa.

4. Pdrtially spawned phase - A small number of spermatozoa remained in the alveolar lumen.

5. Spent phase - Alveoli in the spent phase contained:

very few or no spermatozoa.

._. . .- _ =. _ . _ _ _ - . .

I B-4 i

Hermaphroditic gonads were characterized according to the conditions of both I the oocytes and spermatocytes within the various alveoli.

The slides were numbered consecutively according to sample number, and gonad condition was noted for each sample. The phase designations of the gonads were j-correlated with species and station designations only after the gonads were characterized.

This tended to eliminate any possible bias for station or season.

Results and Discussion From August,1975 through November,1982, a total of 4171 teredinid borers was examined histologically for gonad condition. This included 1607 Teredo navalis,534 T. bartschi, 24 T. furcifera, 59 immature Teredo too small to be identified to species, and 1947 Bankia gouldi. The data from those observations were included in the annual report i

to GPU Nuclear Corporatlon for the period December 1,1981 through November 30,1982.

From December 1,1982 through November 1983, an additional 379 T. navalis,3 immature l

Teredinidae, and 282 B. gouldi were examined. The results of these examinations are tabulated in Tables B-1 through B-3.

As in past years (Hillman et al.,1983) no effect of plant operations on gonadal l

development was observed. In previous reports (e.g., Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982) an extended breeding season for Teredo bartschi in the discharge canal was discussed. No T.

< bartschi have been recovered since March,1982, so it is not possible to comment any i furthe- at this time on gonadal cycles in that species.

The reproductive patterns of the various species.of teredinid borers occurring l

within the study area are discussed below.

Teredo navalis. During the present study, Teredo navalis occurred at 12 of the~

20 stations at which panels are exposed (Table B-1), a decrease of one station from the previous year's collection.. '

Ripe gonads were found at Station 1 in January,1983, and at Station 11 in February, March and April. The histological appearance of these gonads indicated that

' thsy were not newly ripe, but were possibly in .that condition in late fall,1982, and rernained that way as the water cooled.

Newly ripe specimens were found at Station 1 in May and June, and again in September. They also occurred at Stations 5,7,8,14 and 17 at some point between May j- [

q

)

, . ~ . . . ,,. , - . . _ , . _ - - _ . , , . . . ,

B-5 TABLE B-1. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF l

Teredo navalis IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, l NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

l EA = Early Active; LA = Late Active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; 5 =

Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad l Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station l

EA LA 1 2 R 1 1 1 13 1 PS 7 3 5 S S 12 9 2 1 NG 1 2 3 EA LA R

PS S S 1 NG EA 1 1 3 LA 1 R 5 7 PS S 3 NG 1 1 l

EA ,

LA I R 1 8  !

PS j S

NG I EA LA R 9 PS S 2 NG

i l

B-6 .

TABLE B-1. (continued)

Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA LA R 10 PS .

S 1

NG EA LA R 10A PS S 2 2 1 NG i

EA 4 2 1 2 LA 1 1 R 1 1 3 11 PS 6 1 3 2 3 6 1 1 S 11 21 5 17 5 3 3 1 2 NG 3 1 1 1 1 EA LA R 13 PS S 1 NG l.

l EA LA R 1 14 PS S 1 NG l

l - - _, _ _ . - . _ . . .

l B-7 .

TABLE B-1. (continued)

Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA 1 LA R I IS PS S 1 2 1 NG EA 11 10 1 1 10 LA 1 2 2 7 R 4 1 1 1 17 PS 4 14 2 3 1 1 S 7- 14 12 3 2 4 1 8 8 4 NG 1 1 1 2 1 2 4 t

l l

I l

e, B-8 TABLE B-2. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE TEREDINIDS IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW 3ERSEY, FROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 EA = Early Active; LA = Late Active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; 5 =

Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA LA R 2 PS S I NG EA LA g gg R

PS S

NG 1 EA LA R I 17 PS S

g NG 9

9

B-9 l

TABLE B-3. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF Bankia gouldi IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER,1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983 EA = Early Active; LA = Late active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; 5 =

Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA LA R 3 PS S 2 1 NG EA LA R 1 5 PS S 2 1 NG EA LA R 6 PS S

NG 1 EA

! LA R 3 7 PS S 1 4 2 NG 1 1 4

l B-10 l

1 i- TABLE B-3. (Continued) l l

Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA LA R 1 8

. PS 3 S 1 3 2 NG 1 1 i

1 EA LA R 9 PS j S 1 j NG EA LA 1 1

• R 1 10A PS S 2 1 1 NG 1 1

.i i

EA LA

< R 10B

! PS 1 4 S 1 1 1 NG 1

EA LA 3 2 3 R 1 6 -3 11 PS 3 11 7 1 .

I S 1 2 1 1 9 14 11 NG 1 1 1 -2 5 7 i

l I

,, , - --. _ y . , - . g

l l

B-ll TABLE B-3. (Continued)

Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA 1 LA R 12 PS 1 1 S 1 1 1 1 1 NG 1 2 1 EA LA R 2 13 PS 1 3 3 S 1 1 15 11 NG 3 1 1 EA 2 LA 2 1 R 1 2 14 PS 11 3 1 S 2 8 13 8 NG 1 1 1 EA LA R 15 PS 1 S 4 3 NG 1 1 1 EA LA R 16B PS S 1 NG 1

~

~

l f:

i-B-12 .

t TABLE B-3. (Continued) l l

l Gonad 1982 1983 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA 1 LA R 17 PS S 4 3 NG 3 1 i

l

^

1 l

- - - - . - - - - - . , -,. _ . , _ . ,y ., ..

l l

l B-13 l 1

and October. Ripe gonads in November at Stations 15 and 17 were probably ripe in October and remained that way as the water cooled and spawning was inhibited, in general, gonad developmental patterns exhibited by T. navalis were not unusually different from those described in previous reports (e.g., Hillman et al.,1983).

The two spawning peaks described for the 1980-1981 and 1981-1982 reporting periods were not as conspicuous during the present reporting period (Figure B-1), but it would be expected that shipworms spawned in June could set, ripen and spawn by late summer. The immature teredinids reported in Table B-2 were probably the result of a late spring spawn.

They were too young to identify to species, yet two were ripe and one already spent.

I Teredo bartschi. T. bartschi have previously been found in Barnegat Bay only within the thermally-affected area. Since February,1982, however, no T. bartschi have been recovered from exposure panels in the Barnegat Bay area (Figure B-2).

Bankia gouldi. B_. gouldi was ccllected for gonad observations during the present report period from 15 of the 20 exposure panel stations, an increase of 3 sites -

] since the previous reporting period. Most of the specimens (approximately 70%) occurred j at Stations 11,13 and 14. Gonad developmental patterns did not differ appreciably from what has been reported in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al.,1983).

Most specimens recovered for gonad analysis were collected in December and then from June through November. Late active and ripe gonads were found primarily i

from July through September, with partially spawned and spent gonads occurring throughout the rest of the fall (Table B-3). This pattern is consistent with what has been i reported throughout the study (e.g., Hillman et al.,1983).

To determine whether the thermal effluent from the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station might be having an effect on reproductive cycles of B_. goil ld j, the gonad development pattern found within the thermally-affected area was compared with -

the pattern shown by specimens f rom Region 1 (Figure B-3), and with the pattern from Regions 2, 4 and 5 combined (Figure B-4). No differences have been apparent since 1977 when shipworms became available on a year-round basis from the special panels.

I l

l l-l-

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o 5

r i:j .. :i  : 5

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~

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= #8;  : *: :f:j

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igi :: g ss :  : :  : ::- -

. .u - .: :-

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?8 lii i !!! :I:

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!!nii i5

ii h:.

i: d:!:h ._ 55  : :*: i..M::-

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3 ;:G A SO 1977 N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D'J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M 1 1978 1979 1980 Key:

i g iOO -. ,,,

y -

g I i ip; ,4: No Discernable Gonad aw .

'1 h & 17  ?.:: '. :  :  ! ~*: -

4 N2 us o

_ a..

k h..-g, *.. ,. i! E$. f.) ;.; -

. j- ! =-

--_. -f 4; Spent xj l$ s$.hYji _E

',Y

$2 E! I  !!!$i' :,i j y.ePartially Spawned Q

wg> 50 .

?  ? y .

y jlisy  : :  :* i s e.-:

(i,jis,$

38 ~

9,.; :. .  ;*  ::ii [i, l, h M ,. , y Ripe

! 3  !. -

!. :i!

[., ..

. Late Active

~I'.- *!  ! !. !

• Early Active O

f*",S

[-- .

.. "!  ! -~ ~

[  !*.,.. ':.

A M J J A O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N 1981 1982 1983 FIGURE B-1. PERCENT OF ALL SPECIMENS OF Teredo navalis IN EACH STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST,1977 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

u. 100-

o. _

A S.O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M 1977 19'/8 1979 1980 Keys cp u 100- 1 No Discernable Conad

i g Spent J l l @ IEN .

. 4. Partially Spawned Ripe

-: - m

$g ,

';' i Late Active oo ~

h l[ . [ ' ;, ' .[- l P !f Early Active A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M AM J J A S O N 1981 1982 1983 FIGURE B-2. PERCENT OF ALL SPECIMENS OF Teredo bartschi IN EACH STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST,1977 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

l l

l I I

h. 100 '

f x .- . .

l o ,_ 9 *i '

8 t i:i ..

N=

? .

• . i K &q]&j!!!  !!!

i

. i:

i

• o x :: i:: .. m ap' ' p i:! *::  :*: *:

.iid.ii T,- L ,

"$>  :  ::j Z 2  :  :*.

[  : i"' W  :.

u W SO

ig. .:!- **!

5

• j !* N5 p:::::!' i:

z i- e!!E c .

l::

1 .:m !.  !  ;!!  !!  !! r $,

l!- ll* I!! ::j

$'li.

::

8? ii  ! '

oo  ::

-}::: i:  : '{*  :{

N* **: ::

,*j i< ::::  :

f/

• • 5  :*::

*: I

• j*:

j:'

--u_. a:

5: :<,  ::*

n 3

O ...

" A. . A.A.  :

{ ~ S A SO N D J F A JJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFMAMJJASONDJFM j 1977 1978 1980 Key:

1OO ,.r - -

C' g -

f.f No Discernable Canad o h8 -

! M' i /*j: %j [4 I,' fj( h' .[ [; d SPent

_a . .: -y , .- ..

W ~-

o [ Q ' [* w ,; 5 Partially Spawned 4u u1 Wo SO.

• ~ ~

j b; ..  :*: p3

2. _a

{.f e J *j: ;p. Ripe Z .j

• . M. L Late Active oo

[

gj :fj

.g .:. y ,

E h[: N

" 'jE v5 i '::  :: Early Active O- I b 5 **

A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N 1901 1982 1983 FIGURE B-3. PERCENT OF SPECIMENS OF Bankia gouldi FROM REGION I IN EACH STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT

, FROM AUGUST,1977 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

I

I oe  ::  : m ..:.: :::.:: :::

'.:  :.: T

.f .

v'.: . ..

wz a n  :: ::: ::.: :..

y  : :: .:.

1.3 3W ii F F

~a eo  :.

w

.  !:.!!F..

. :: w

... .R.!.! !!! !!! !!.:'.!!:j!!

- .: : +

On @.

. L. ,.

e -

z a ..:  ::. ::.  :- .: e

, ::. ::: ::. .:. :.!: :::. 3 u

2 5 i:::::.

• g i

y w w

' sO iiiN.

g:i:: ::li 'il:. :.:

!! M .ii-

.: .lii:i:  !!.!.!! i:i ,i;'

:. .i 7 V n Q iii  !  !! T .9 , l

! :.:  : : : :. .: :: i  : :.!.!:. : s '

t4 o ..

. e. ... ...

~-

4 zlo:

::: .e

.:.:: :::.M.

:i:  : .::

i

~.

o

@gQ: :: ::.:::

!..' ia

. u..

L z<

wz 3: :. :.: .:.

w .: .

...:i.>::::: a .  :

i

:.: :. .:  : .- y.... 4::: .:: .:: ::: :  : e oo .:.

a o .:  :: .:  :. .:  :: .g.  :  :.:  :.

.. .:.  :.  :: 2m .... .

.p i

.:. .ijig:.:9 !! :.. ..!!!!!!::!! g

. .. . .. .. . a. .

~

o . :; !!jji:!!2n.

1 _ij jd M.. i:! .:.. : ::Ed..:. S ..  !! ...g!!!!!!:!!:i! i: .. :s2aagL A SO N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M 1977 1978 1979 1980 Keys u 100 _

---

--- - - cn O .

e F - . 4 ~

-u n' 'v.

No Discernable Ganad "4 wz '

8 - .

ow p  ::: )  ;;i 5 42 e o.

i M ':: '.,

~,. T

. h Spent

Q

, .s . . 6.;

p,1 ao _c -

yi: 2 b .:: g j:

i J.: 'c ,

g

-2  ::: r.: g. 1 E :.: L ::.::. 3 .  !

I T' 9.; . a

- f.:. g. ::. p o ;>z ;i .,

g. .:. .x .: g  ;. u .w, Partielly Spanned gjjg :j:g 3 g sO- s gj ;; gl.  % j

hg  ; .g (g. ,

l za -

J d::::*.p y  :+ 4 N -

. Wi X: :7 . s Ripe 4

o -

. :. er '5 Ti . a .

.:.,p i .. p :..s  :::::jy-

. .g, I 4 - -

I bz j[:.5< .II .cs .I '!id fji'  :

.!: * " [ I Sh ...! Late Active

.ii: .- _E w

oo * :..

e

.. . t:.:

-:$. y E -I!! 3*. 8,!ss!:::

• i.:b...*i: .ij

• ~

f N N --

,:.s '.i.!! Ear 1y Active a.

O- C.!.i.

-'---a.'a- .. . .

" .. w![

v

- .L.!!!

A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M AM J J A S O N 1981 1982 1983 FIGURE B-4. PERCENT OF SPECIMENS OF Bankia ouldi FROM REGIONS 2, 4, AND 5 IN EACH STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST, f977T GH NOVEMBER,1983.

4

B-18 References Cited Hedgpeth, 3.W. and 3.3. Gonor. 1969. Aspects of the potential effect of thermal alteration on marine and estuarine benthos. In: Biological Aspects of Thermal Pollution., P.A. Krenkel and F.A. Parker, eds. Vanderbilt Univ. Press, Nashville, Tenr,., pp.80-118.

Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, MA.

Holland, D.A. and K.K. Chew. 1974. Reproductive cycles of the Manila clam (Venerupis japonica), from Hood Canal, Washington. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assoc. 64:53-58.

Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore and P.I. Feder. 1982. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass.

Ropes, J.W. 1968. Reproductive cycle of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, in offshore New Jersey. Biol. Bull. 135:349-365.

. and A.P. Stickney. 1965. Reproductive cycle of Mya arenaria in New Enbl and. Biol. Bull. 128:315-327.

Turner, R.D. 1966. A survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 265 pp.

9 l

l I

l

I e

APPENDIX C i

i l

l l

l l

l l

l 1

O.

I li I

ii

.1 l i 1

l APPENDIX C t

WATER QUALITY Table of Contents 1 1

Page Introduction.......................................................................................................C-1 M a terials and M e thods.... .. .. .. ....... .. . .. ........ .. ......... .... ......... .. ......... .... ................... C-1 Field.......................................................................................................C-1 Analysis.................................................................................................... C-1 R esul ts and Discussion...... ...... .. .. .. .. .... ...... .. .............. ............ ......... ........... .......... C-5 Temperature..................................................................................... C-5 Salinity..................................................................................................... C-24 pH............................................................................................................C-28 Dissolved Oxygen........ ... . ............. ....... ........... ............ ................................ C-3 0 L i t e ra ture C i t ed.. .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . ... . ... . . . .. .. .... . . .. C- 3 2 List of Tables Table C-1. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations December,1932..... ......... C-6 Table C-2. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations January,1983................... C-7 ,

Table C-3. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations February,1983.................. C-8 Table C-4. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations March,1983...................... C-9 Table C-5. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations April,1983....................... C-10 Table C-6. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations May,1983......................... C-11 Table C-7. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations June,1983........................ C-12 Table C-8. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations July,1983......................... C-13 Table C-9. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations August,1983................. .. C-14 I

i Table C-10. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations September,1983............... C-15 Table C-II. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations October,1983................... C-16 Table C-12. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations November,1983................ C-17

m List of Tables (continued)

Page Table C-13. Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation of Water Quality Values Observed During Each Month of Exposure

! Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December,1982 Through November,1983........................................ C-18 Table C-14. Temperatures Recorded at Station 8 Compared to Five Other Exposure Panel Stations in Various Regions of Barnegat Bay.............. C-21 Table C-15. Analysis of Variance of Temperatures Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay from July,1975 Through Novem ber, 19 8 3.. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. . . .... .... .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . .. C- 2 3 Table C-16. Analysis of Variance of Salinities Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay from July,1975 Through Nove m ber, 19 8 3.. . . . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . ... .. . .... . .. . . ... .. . . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. . . . C- 2 7 Table C-17. Analysis of Variance of pH Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay from July,1975 Through N o ve m ber, 19 8 3.. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . .. ... . . . . . ... .. . .. ... . . . .. .... . ... ... C- 2 9 Table C-18. Analysis of Variance of Dissolved Oxygen Levels Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay from July,1975 Through Novem ber, 198 3.............. .................................................. C-31 List of Figures Figure C-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations of Exposure Panel S tations..... . . ..... .. .. .... ....... ..................... ....... ........... C- 2 Figure C-2. Average Temperature at Each Exposure Panel Station, Calculated for Biological Years From July,1975 Through June,1983................. C-20 Figure C-3. Average Bioyear Temperatures for Stations Grouped into Regions..... C-22 Figure C-4. Average Bioytar Salinities for Stations Grouped into Regions............ C-25 Figure C-5. Average Salinity at Each Exposure Panel Station, Calculated for Biological Years From July,1975 Through June,1983....................... C-26 i

C-1 APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY Introduction l Several water quality parameters were measured at each of the exposure panel stations at the time of panel removal and replacement. These values, recorded monthly, are used to document the physico-chemical environment in Barnegat Bay at the time of the field collections. This portion of the report includes data collected from December, 1982 through November,1983, and a synthesis of the data collected since the initiation of the study in June,1975.

Materials and Methods l l

l Field Water quality measurements were taken monthly at the 20 exposure panel stations (Figure C-1) by the field personnel exchanging exposure panels (see Appendix A),

and supplied to Battelle.

Analysis Several descriptive summaries of water quality values have been prepared.

More emphasis is placed on temperature and salinity than on pH and dissolved oxygen because these parameters are considered to be the more important when considering teredinid distribution and abundance.

A). The mean value + one standard deviation was calculated for all parameters for each month in this report period.

B). For temperature and salinity, average values for each biological year from July,1975 through June,1983 were calculated and plotted for each station. A biological

C-2

1. uANiSOUAN

'N'U BRIELLE

% ASO POINT

% PLEASANT INTA ACCASTAL #

WATEAWAY CANAL MANTOLOKING 15 K LE CAEEK 0

D o

g ,,

SEASIDE SLOCP

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ATLANTIC OCEAN HOLLY PARK g#*

STOUTS CAEEK ICS SEDGE in ,

ISL,ANO 10A S $ OYSTER \o p

• g CAEEK r 6 BAANEGAT INLU OYSTER CAEEK 8 D NUCLEAR GENERATING 1 SAANEGAT STATION ,p gyy 4

I BA ANEGAT BEACH i

l 3

CCNKLIN j

$ PANEL AAAAY ISLAND

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0 ' 2 3 l

! MILES [

5 l 8AANEGAT INLET. NEW JER5EY g LAt.tude 39 45 8 N Lorgtuce F4 060 W 2h l

( L l i l FIGURE C-1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS l OF EXPOSURE PANELS

l 4

i

. C-3 i

+

year is defined as July, Year A through June, Year B, and corresponds to the breeding season of the teredinids. The period of July,1983 through November,1983 was not included because it represents only 5 months of a 12 month period, and average values over this period are not comparable to the i other averages calculated.

i C). Stations were grouped into regions, and average values of

temperature and salinity were calculated and plotted for each

biological year since July,1975. Regions are as follows

l Region 1 (near OCNGS discharge), Stations 5, 6, 7, and 8; Region 2 (south of OCNGS), Stations 2, 3,4, and 4A; Region

3 (east side of bay), Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near ,

north), Stations 9,10,10A,10B, and 11; Region 5 (north of '

! OCNGS), Stations 12,13,14,15, and 16B.

j D). The differences in temperature values recorded at Station 8 and at Stations 2,9,12,15, and 17 were calculated for each

! month since July,1975.

f

Analyses of variance were carried out on each of the four water quality j parameters measured since July,1975. Calculations were made first by ' fitting main I

effects of station, month and biological year (referred to as "bioyear"), and then by fitting-j main effects, 2-factor and 3-factor interact ~ons of the summary factors region, season l a.nd bioyear. The results of the two ANOVA's were then combined by_ adding the main

} effect sums of squares for the full factors and the interaction sums of squares for the summary factors. The residual mean square based on the combined fit was used as 'the j crror variance estimate and is considered to be more appropriate than the error estimate j based on the summary factors. The program used for this calculation is that given in i Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Nie, Hull, Jenkins, Steinbrenner and Bent,-

) 1975).

4 Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were then used to quantify the a systematic variations detected by the analysis of variance procedures (Nie et al.,1975).

l This output,' which is a display rather than a particular test, provides j- Information about the patterns of effects of each factor, and therefore about the reasons

underlying significant effects observed in the analysis of variance calculations. It is

appropriate only if the interactions among factors are not practically or statistically l significant.

The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted I

- dsviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of i

D.

m - , , -

9

. . H c- 7 ,

l l >< ~

C-4

~- ,

l cach factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for ,

l independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each j category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These

! adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e.,

' main effects only, and not interactions) and estimating the effects of th~e levels of each

! factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and C unadjusted deviations should be similar. .

Bonferroni t-statistic (Miller,1966) was used to compare means of treatment

~

levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that have been.

observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample ~ j j Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity.

[

Let X I, X ,2...Xk be k sample means based on Ng, N 2, ...Nk obserystions

) respectively. Let M 1, M ,2 o.,Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample -

averages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor under study.

l Let s2 = error SS/ error di denote the error mean square from. ana analysis of _-

W j variance, based on F degrees of freedom, s Suppose we wish to make F pairwise comparisons among M.1, M2 , eMk . For

! example, to test Ho: Mi i / J = 1, ...,k we must make r = k (k-1) pairwise comparisons.

Ho will be rejected at significance level a if  ;

y )

• IMI > t ( 3/ ; l -a /2r) T 11 s ..

ni nj . --

' y, l for any pair 1, j, where t ( F ; l- a/r)is the upper a/2r point of the student distribution ' ,

~

with Fd.f. -- ,

j This procedure leads to the condidence intervals s ,

t -

s v

, sm s

j j

Ig-73-t ( V: 1 */2rls V1 + 1 1Mi-M3 1It-f3 + t 't F 1 */2rls vL* L

'pt nt n) -

.. n3 4

. with overall probability 1-a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. .The

means Mi M J are significantly different if the confidence interval does not contain zero. '

i  : , a j;.+

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, , o.

mp "  :#

f y

4  % I f

m . . _ ___

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s C-5 L^

Results and Die = Ion m

i The water quality values recorded each month at each of the exposure panel stations from December,1982, through November,1983 are given in Tables C-1 through Ii C-12. Table C-13 gives the monthly minimum, maximum and mean + one standard j- davlation for each parameter measured.

1

'W

[' s Temperature i i '

j Water temperatures in December,1982 (Table C-1) were very much higher than during December,1981. The highest temperature recorded in December,1982 was

[ 18.00C at Station 8, and the lowest was ll.80C at Station 17. Last year, the highest

!- December temperature was only 9.00C at Station 7, almost 30C lower than this year's f- lowest temperature. The mean temperature in the area during December,1982 was .7 j 14.40C (Table C-13) as compared to 4.80C last year.

i j By January,1983 water temperatures had dropped sharply, ~with a mean i

[ temperature of 4.40C being calculated for the area. This was in line with last year's .

{ 3anuary mean water temperature of 4.60C.

~

The lowest water temperatures over the study area are usually recorded in February, and this held true during the present reporting period, with a mean of 1.90C j I

calculated for the various sites.

l Through March, April and May,1983 temperatures rose sharply. The mean k water temperature in April,1983 was 10.60C, in contrast with last year's April mean

!" water temperature: of only 3.50C. This year's mean water temperature is more consistent l-3

.with previous years' April mean water temperature.

The mean May water temperature of 17.60C is somewhat lower than last I. C at Station

- year's mean of 200C. ~ The highest water temperature in May,1983 was 19.00

! 9, $(die Stations 4A, 3,6, 7, 8,10A,10B,11 and 13 had temperatures in excess of 180C.

a:

p' Lews of 15.00C at Station 1, and 15.10C at Station 17, were also recorded in May.

li.,., The warmest mean water temperature in 1983 occurred during the months of July,; August and September, when means of 27.80C, 28. loc and 28.20C, respectively, l were calculated. ' They declined sharply through October and by November, the mean i . wnter, temperature was calculated at 10.90C, about 70C lower than the previous year. .

w

( -

, i l

.... __ .-, ,. _,_ . . _ ~ . - _ _ . - _ _ ,-. ---

C-6 TABLE C-1. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS DECEMBER,1982 iI Depth in Salinity Temperature 0**

2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (oC) (mg/l) pH*

i l

i 1 12/6/82 0950 3.0 23.5 13.8 8.0 8.0  ;

l 2 12/6/82 1045 2.5 20.4 14.1 7.5 7.9 3 12/6/82 1125 0.5 20.6 14.8 8.2 8.2 4 12/6/32 1150 2.5 21.9 14.6 8.9 '-

4A 12/6/82 1220 0.5 19.8 14.2 8.9 j 5 12/6/82 1340 0.8 20.5 16.8 8,5 -

6 12/6/32 1355 1.0 20.5 16.6 8.5 -

[

7 12/6/82 1410 0.8 20.5 17.5 8.1 -

8 12/6/d 1430 3.0 20.7 18.0 8.2 .

9 12/6/82 1505 3.0 20.9 15.7 9.5 --

10 12/7/82 1430 2.5 19.8 13.3 9.9 -

10A 12/6/82 1530 0.8 21.0 15.4 9.3 -

s 10B 12/6/82 1550 2.0 21.0 16.0 - -

11 12/6/82 1605 0.8 22.3 14.5 - - .

12 12/7/82 1350 1.0 16.7 12.0 9.5 - -

13 12/7/82 1330 1.2 15.0 12.2 9.2 _ ;

14 12/7/82 1300 1.5 15.2 12.9 9.1 - -

15 12/7/82 0940 1.0 16.8 12.1 8.9 ,- 'N 16B 12/7/82 1030 2.0 14.6 11.9 9.5 -.

17 12/7/82 1120 0.2 22.2 11.8 10.4 -

i

~,

No reading taken.

• pH meter not working properly after Station 3. "

• • DO readings questionable, meter erratic at Stations 4 through 7. 4 i

YSI DO meter temperature reading incorrect at Stations 8,9 and 10A, therefore DO reading may be invalid at these stations. <

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! s C-7

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1 .s l , '; TABLE C-2. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JANUARY,1983

- Depth in Salinity Temperature 02 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH 1' 1/3/83 1020 3.5 28.5 4.9 12.6 8.3

'2 1/3/83 1110 0.7 23.4 3.9 12.6 8.2

• 8.3 3" 1/3/83 1150 1.0 25.9 4.2 12.0 4 1/3/83 1215 1.0 26.1 4.5 12.1 8.3 k4A 1/3/83 1230 1.0 26.7 4.7 11.6 8.3 5 1/3/83 1400 0.7 23.9 6.7 10.4 8.2 6 1/3/83 1415 1.0 23.1 5.9 10.7 8.1 7 x. 1/3/82 1435 0.7 23.8 6.7 11.1 8.2 8 s. 1/3/83 1505 3.5 22.7 6.4 11.6 8.3 9 -

1/3/83 1540 3.0 23.8 4.6 11.7 8.3 10 1/4/83 1412 2.5 21.5 5.5 11.2 8.1 10A LI/3/83 1608 1.0 24.0 4.6 11.9 8.2 icB, - 1/3/83 1622 2.5 24.4 4.5 12.0 8.3 11 l/4/83 1440 0.8 24.1 3.1 11.8 8.3 12 -

1 1/4/83 1308 1.5 23.7 4.3 11.7 8.2 13 1/4/83 1235 1.5 21.0 3.9 12.1 8.2 14 _ 1/4/8f s 1208 2.0 22.1 3.3 12.4 8.3 15 1/4/83 1040 2.0 22.8 3.1 13.2 8.2 16B 1/4/83 1110 2.5 18.6 2.0 13.1 8.1

'~

17 1/4/83 1145 0.5 27.1 1.6 13.9 8.2 4

7 9

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as d"- ,

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C-8 TABLE C-3. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS FEBRUARY,1983 Station Date Time Depth in Salinity Temperature 0 Feet o/oo (oC) (m 1) pH I 2/8/83 1020 2.5 27.1 2.5 14.1 8.1 2 2/8/83 1102 1.0 22.7 1.7 13.0 8.0 3 2/8/83 1145 1.0 24.9 1.9 12.2 8.1 4 2/8/83 1220 1.0 27.8 2.7 11.1 8.1 4A 2/8/83 1245 1.5 27.7 3.2 10.2 8.1 5 2/8/83 1345 0.5 20.9 3.8 12.0 7.7 6 2/8/83 1408 0.5 19.0 2.7 12.6 7.7 7 2/8/83 1430 0.5 22.0 3.8 12.3 7.8 8 2/8/83 1507 2.5 21.7 3.5 13.3 7.9 9 2/8/83 1530 2.5 23.3 1.9 13.9 8.0 10 2/8/83 1710 2.5 16.9 1.8 13.2 7.7 10A 2/3/83 1558 0.8 23.5 1.8 14.1 8.1 10B 2/3/83 1617 2.5 23.5 1.6 14.2 8.0 11 2/8/83 1638 1.0 23.9 1.6 13.5 8.0 12 2/9/83 1232 1.5 19.2 1.2 12.8 7.7 13 2/9/83 1201 1.5 12.9 1.7 12.8- 7.5 14 2/9/83 1134 1.5 20.1 1.4 13.4 7.9 15 2/9/83 0912 2.0 22.1 0.3 14.5 8.1 16B 2/9/83 0945 3.0 18.7 -0.2 14.9 7.9 17 2/9/83 1028 0.5 25.8 -0.8 14.9 7.9 1

+ 1

1 C-9 TABLE C-4. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS MARCH,1983 Station Date Time Depth in Salinity Temperature 02 l (mg/1) pH Feet o/oo (oC) 1 3/7/83 1025 3.5 24.8 6.7 10.6 7.8 2 3/7/83 1105 3.5 20.6 9.1 9.8 7.8 3 3/7/83 1150 0.8 18.7 8.9 10.3 7.6 4 3/7/83 1225 2.5 19.8 7.6 9.0 7.8 4A 3/7/83 1250 0.8 19.9 7.2 9.9 7.9 5 3/7/83 1345 0.5 17.3 7.3 10.4 7.5 6 3/7/83 1408 1.0 14.8 7.9 10.0 7.2 7 3/7/83 1430 1.0 16.0 7.6 10.1 7.3 8 3/7/83 1500 2.5 17.9 6.8 10.2 7.7 9 3/7/83 1530 3.5 18.9 6.7 10.0 7.7 10 3/8/83 1328 2.5 16.7 6.7 E.9 7.5 10A 3/7/83 1605 1.0 20.0 6.8 9.9 7.3 10B 3/7/83 1628 2.0 21.0 6.7 9.8 7.8 11 3/7/83 1645 1.0 19.9 6.7 9.6 8.1 12 3/8/83 1300 2.0 17.6 6.0 9.8 7.8 13 3/8/83 1231 2.5 5.8 5.9 9.8 7.4 14 3/8/83 1208 2.5 15.0 5.6 10.2 7.9 15 3/8/83 0930 2.0 20.2 5.6 10.2 8.1 16B 3/8/83 1010 3.5 19.1 5.7 10.3 8.0 17 3/8/83 1100 0.8 21.2 5.7 10.3 8.1 O

i

i l

C-10 l

TABLE C-5. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS APRIL,1983 Station Date Time Depth in Salinity Temperature 02 Feet o/oo (oC) (mg/1) pH I 4/5/83 0920 4.5 22.8 10.0 10.2 8.4 2 4/5/83 0955 0.5 21.8 10.5 9.0 8.1 3 4/5/83 1030 0.8 21.0 10.7 10.6 8.4 4 4/5/83 1050 0.8 22.0 9.7 10.8 8.3 4A 4/5/83 1110 0.8 21.9 9.7 10.9 8.4 5 4/5/83 1130 0.5 10.9 10.2 10.3 7.3 6 4/5/83 1145 0.5 6.0 10.0 10.2 7.3 7 4/5/83 1203 0.8 15.1 10.8 10.0 7.7 8 4/5/83 1408 3.5 21.5 9.2 10.0 3.4 9 4/5/83 1335 4.5 9.9 11.0 9.2 7.9 10 4/5/83 1355 2.0 18.3 11.7 10.1 8.3 10A 4/5/83 1430 0.8 21.0 11.5 9.6 8.5 10B 4/5/83 1450 2.0 20.3 11.7 9.8 8.2 11 4/5/83 1508 0.8 15.2 12.0 9.6 8.1 12 4/6/83 1233 1.5 16.0 10.8 11.2 8.2 13 4/6/83 1205 1.5 5.0 10.0 9.2 7.2 14 4/6/83 1135 2.0 13.8 10.2 11.0 8.5 15 4/6/83 0917 2.5 15.1 10.0 10.8 8.4 16B 4/6/83 0950 3.3 15.0 10.7 11.2 8.4 17 's/6/83 1035 0.5 20.3 11.2 9.4 8.2 i

I 1

l

C-11 TABLE C-6. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS MAY,1983 i

Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/co (OC) (mg/1) pH 1 3/2/83 0950 4.5 19.8 15.0 8.2 8.1 2 5/2/83 1035 2.5 20.3 16.1 7.4 7.7 3 5/2/83 1120 0.5 19.1 17.2 7.6 7.7 4 5/2/83 1145 1.0 19.9 17.9 6.8 7.5 4A 5/2/83 1210 1.0 18.1 18.6 7.1 7.8 5 5/2/83 1310 0.5 13.9 18.2 7.7 7.7 6 5/2/83 1330 0.5 14.1 18.1 7.6 7.6 7 5/2/83 1352 0.5 14.2 18.6 7.3 7.5 8 5/2/83 1418 3.0 13.2 18.2 7.4 7.5 9 5/2/83 1448 4.5 13.9 19.0 7.7 7.8 10 5/3/83 1326 3.5 15.0 16.1 6.4 7.3 10A 5/2/83 1533 1.0 14.9 18.8 7.8 7.8 10B 5/2/83 1553 2.5 15.0 18.8 8.2 8.0 11 5/2/83 1615 0.8 15.6 18.1 8.2 7.9 12 5/3/83 1245 2.0 16.0 17.6 7.8 7.8 13 5/3/83 1212 2.0 12.1 18.5 7.6 8.2 14 5/3/83 1140 2.5 14.5 17.6 7.6 8.1 15 5/3/83 0912 3.0 10.2 17.3 7.6 7.6 16B 3/3/83 0950 4.0 10.9 16.9 8.3 8.0 17 5/3/83 1034 0.5 20.9 15.1 8.4 7.8 e

l l

l 9

C-12 TABLE C-7. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS 3UNE,1983 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (m 1) pH I 6/6/83 0945 4.5 24.0 17.6 7.6 8.0 2 6/6/83 1040 1.0 19.9 22.5 6.6 8.1 3 6/6/83 1120 1.0 17.6 22.7 6.2 7.9 4 6/6/83 1145 1.0 18.8 22.3 7.0 8.0 4A 6/6/83 1210 1.2 18.5 23.0 6.6 7.9 5 6/6/83 1430 0.8 17.0 23.2 6.9 8.1 6 6/6/83 1445 2.0 17.0 22.3 7.4 8.0 7 6/6/83 1505 0.5 4.9 23.7 6.1 7.0 8 6/6/83 1405 3.5 2.0 23.0 6.2 6.2 9 6/6/83 1335 3.5 13.9 23.6 6.3 7.3 10 6/7/83 1425 2.5 12.8 21.7 4.4 7.0 10A 6/6/83 1545 1.0 16.2 23.0 6.4 8.0 10B 6/6/83 1604 2.0 16.0 23.0 6.5 8.0 11 6/7/83 1500 0.7 11.8 24.6 6.4 7.9 12 6/7/83 1355 1.5 14.6 24.3 6.6 7.8 13 6/7/83 1325 2.0 11.8 24.0 5.4 7.3 14 6/7/83 1215 2.5 14.6 22.8 6.1 8.0 15 6/7/83 0905 2.5 11.2 21.7 7.0 7.5 16B 6/7/83 0950 3.5 9.7 21.7 6.3 7.6 17 6/7/83 1040 0.2 21.0 21.6 5.2 7.9 1

l l

l C-13 l

l TABLE C-8. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS l

JULY,1983 l

t Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (m 1) pH 1 7/5/83 0912 3.5 24.1 22.8 6.1 7.7 2 7/5/83 0955 1.2 20.5 28.5 3.5 7.6 3 7/5/83 1042 1.2 19.9 29.2 4.2 7.4 4 7/5/83 1105 1.0 20.1 29.5 4.4 7.6 4A 7/5/83 1124 1.5 19.9 29.5 5.6 7.9 5 7/5/83 1412 0.5 13.2 29.2 6.5 7.6 6 7/5/83 1425 1.2 15.2 28.7 6.3 7.7 7 7/5/83 1705 0.8 13.2 27.5 7.2 7.5 8 7/5/83 1326 3.5 18.0 27.8 4.6

• 7.6 9 7/5/83 1345 3.5 14.8 29.5 6.8 7.7 10 7/5/83 1506 3.5 11.0 28.0 3.8 *

• 6.4 *

• 10A 7/5/83 1632 1.0 18.6 28.0 7.2 7.8 10B 7/5/83 1610 2.5 17.0 28.8 6.7 7.7 11*** 7/5/83 1600 1.0 15.0 28.8 5.6 7.4 12 7/5/83 1225 1.5 -

16.6 27.5 6.6 7.7 13 7/6/83 1200 2.0 12.5 27.5 5.6 7.0 14 7/6/83 1130 2.5 14.4 26.8 5.6 7.5 15 7/6/83 0850 3.0 15.9 25.6 4.5 7.2 16B 7/6/83 0925 3.5 10.8 26.4 5.1 7.1 17 7/6/83 1015 0.5 23.5 26.3 3.2 7.8

• Value may be too low, DO meter may have needed to be recalibrated.

• • Readings erratic: pH and DO meters became slightly wet during a heavy thundershower.

• • • Meters changed at Station 11.

C-14 TABLE C-9. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS AUGUST,1983 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (m 1) pH 1 8/1/83 0905 4.0 25.2 21.7 6.1 7.7 2 8/1/83 0950 3.0 23.4 27.0 5.0 7.6 3 8/1/83 1025 1.0 21.1 28.2 4.4 7.5 4 8/1/83 1048 1.5 21.8 29.0 5.2 7.7 4A 8/1/83 1106 1.0 21.8 28.8 5.6 7.8 5 8/1/83 1125 0.8 15.2 28.7 6.2 7.8 6 8/1/83 1140 2.0 16.8 27.5 6.2 7.8 7 8/1/83 1206 1.5 19.0 30.0 6.2 7.9 8 8/1/83 1356 4.0 17.8 28.5 6.5 7.8 9 8/1/83 1325 4.0 17.8 28.8 6.0 7.4 10 8/1/83 1521 3.0 12.5 28.9 5.8 7.5 10A 8/1/83 1425 1.5 19.3 29.6 5.2 7.8 10B 3/1/83 1443 3.0 18.9 29.5 6.0 7.9 11 8/1/83 1500 2.0 17.8 29.2 5.6 7.9 12 8/2/83 1250 2.0 18.3 28.7 6.0 7.6 13 8/2/83 1220 2.5 13.0 28.5 6.3 7.4 14 8/2/83 1152 3.0 17.8 28.2 5.6 7.7 15 8/2/83 0908 3.5 13.0 26.5 5.8 7.2 16B 8/2/83 0942 4.0 12.3 26.8 5.0 7.2 17 8/2/53 1030 1.0 23.3 27.0 7.6 8.0

C-15 TABLE C-10. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS SEPTEMBER,1983 Depth in Salinity Tempcrature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) ( 1) pH 1 9/6/83 0910 6.0 24.8 23.7 5.6 7.4 2 9/6/83 0955 1.5 24.5 27.7 5.0 7.5 3 9/6/83 1028 1.5 22.8 27.9 4.4 7.3 4 9/6/83 1102 3.0 22.6 28.0 3.2 7.2 4A 9/6/83 1123 2.0 22.3 29.0 5.6 7.6 5 9/6/83 1142 2.0 18.1 28.7 6.3 7.5 6 9/6/83 1155 2.0 19.1 28.0 5.0 7.3 7 9/6/83 1213 1.2 17.5 29.0 6.0 7.3 8 9/6/83 1340 4.0 20.2 27.9 5.4 7.3 9 9/6/83 1323 4.0 19.0 28*7 6.0 7.2 10 9/6/83 1512 4.0 16.0 28.7 5.7 7.3 10A 9/6/83 1406 2.2 20.2 28.9 5.8 7.6 10B 9/6/83 1425 3.0 20.0 29.0 6.0 7.6 11 9/6/83 1442 1.5 19.0 29.2 6.0 7.6 12 9/7/83 1324 2.5 19.4 28.8 5.2 7.5 13 9/7/83 1256 3.0 16.1 28.8 5.3 7.4 14 9/7/83 1220 4.0 17.9 29.0 4.8 7.4 15 9/7/83 0852' 3.0 15.2 26.7 6.3 7.3 16B 9/7/83 0930 4.0 13.8 27.6 5.0 7.2 17 9/7/83 1055 1.5 23.9 28.7 3.9 7.6 l

l l

C-16 l I

l TABLE C-II. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS OCTOBER,1983 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (m 1) pH 1 10/4/83 0900 5.5 20.9 19.6 6.6 7.8 2 10/4/83 0938 2.0 20.9 19.8 6.9 7.7

~

3 10/4/83 1026 2.0 20.5 20.2 6.3 7.6 4 10/4/83 1053 2.2 20.8 19.9 5.8 7.6 4A 10/4/83 1112 2.2 21.1 20.7 6.8 7.8 5 10/4/83 1131 1.2 16.6 20.5 8.8

• 7.9 6 10/4/83 1148 2.5 18.0 20.0 7.4 7.8 7 10/4/83 1205 1.6 16.9 21.7 8.4 8.0 8 10/4/83 1401 4.0 20.2 20.6 9.0 8.0 9 10/4/83 1340 4.0 18.8 21.7 7.2 7.4 10 10/4/83 1535 4.0 18.2 21.0 7.3 7.7 10A 10/4/83 1430 1.5 19.0 22.3 7.1 7.7 10B 10/4/83 1450 3.2 19.4 21.6 7.8 7.9 11 10/4/83 1508 2.5 18.5 21.7 7.8 7.9 12 10/5/83 1250 2.5 19.6 21.6 7.6 7.9 13 10/5/83 1225 3.0 19.6 21.6 8.0 8.0 14 10/5/83 1140 4.0 17.9 21.5 7.4 7.8 15 10/5/83 0928 4.0 17.6 20.6 7.3 7.7 16B 10/5/83 1000 5.0 14.0 20.7 7.8 7.9 17 10/5/83 1054 1.5 22.3 21.6 ' 6.2 7.7

1. Value may be too low, DO meter may have needed to be recalibrated.

i i  !

l l

C-17 TABLE C-12. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS NOVEMBER,1983 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (m 1) pH 1 11/7/83 0902 7.5 27.5 9.4 10.0 8.0 2 11/7/83 0942 4.0 25.2 9.2 8.6 8.0 3 11/7/83 1017 2.0 24.2 9.2 8.2 8.0 4 11/7/83 1040 3.0 26.9 10.2 8.0 8.0 4A 11/7/83 1058 2.0 27.0 11.4 8.4 8.1 5 11/7/83 1118 2.0 21.2 10.5 8.2 7.9 6 11/7/83 1130 2.2 21.0 9.7 9.0 7.9 7 11/7/83 1153 4.0 25.8 12.1 8.6 8.0 8 11/7/83 1450 2.2 22.9 12.2 9.3 8.0 9 11/7/83 1335 7.0 24.5 13.2 7.7 7.9 10 11/8/83 1237 4.0 23.8 13.5 7.8 7.8 10A 11/7/83 1510 2.0 24.8 11.0 9.4 8.0 10B 11/7/83 1525 4.0 25.0 11.3 9.0 7.9 11 11/7/83 1537 2.0 22.0 11.0 9.7 8.0 12 11/8/83 1208 3.0 22.1 12.1 9.7 8.0 13 11/8/83 1132 3.0 22.6 12.2 8.6 8.0 14 11/8/83 1108 3.5 17.0 10.5 8.7 7.9 15 11/8/83 0847 3.5 21.0 9.7 9.9 8.0 16B 11/8/83 0915 4.5 17.5 9.5 9.4 8.1 17 11/."/83 1000 1.0 24.5 10.2 8.7 7.8 i

. -_____q c-18 TABLE C-13. MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF WATER QUALITY VALUE5 OBSERVED DURING EACH MONTH OF EXPO 5URE i PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NET JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER, i 1982 THROUGif NOVEMBER,1983

+ 5tandard Parameter Date Maximum Minimum Mean Deviation Dec 1982 18.0 11.8 14.4 1.9 Jan 1983 6.7 1.6 4.4 1.4 Feb 3.3 -0.8 1.9 1.2 Mar 9.1 5.6 6.9 1.0 Apr 12.0 9.2 10.6 0.8 Temperature May 19.0 15.0 17.6 1.2 (OCl Jun 24.6 17.6 22.6 1.5 Jul 29.5 22.8 27.8 1.6 Aug 30.0 21.7 28.1 1.8 Sep 29.2 23.7 28.2 1.2 Oct 22.3 19.6 20.9 0.8 Nov 13.5 9.2 10.9 1.3 Dec 1982 23.5 14.6 19.7 2.6 Jan 1983 28.5 18.6 23.9 2.3 Feb 27.8 12.9 22.2 3.7 .

Mar 24.8 5.8 18.3 5.2 Apr 22.8 5.0 17.1 3.1 Salinity May 20.9 10.2 15.6 5.2 (o/oo) Jun 24.0 2.0 14.7 3.8 Jul 24.1 10.8 16.7 3.8 Aug 25.2 12.3 18.3 3.1 Sep 24.8 13.8 22.1 1.9 Oct 22.3 14.0 19.0 2.9 Nov 27.5 17.0 23.3 2.6 Dec 1982 8.2 7.9 8.0

• 0.2 Jan 1983 8.3 8.1 8.2 0.1 Feb 8.1 7.5 7.9 0.2 Mar 8.1 7.2 7.7 0.3 Apr 8.5 7.3 8.1 0.4 pH May 8.2 7.3 7.8 0.2 Jun 8.1 6.2 7.7 0.5 Jul 7.9 7.0 7.6

• 0.3 Aug 8.0 7.2 7.7 0.2 Sep 7.6 7.2 7.4 0.1 Oct 8.0 7.4 7.8 0.2 Nov 8.1 7.8 8.0 0.1 Dec 1982 10.4 7.5 9.0

• 0.7 Jan 1983 13.9 10.4 12.0 0.8 Feb 14.9 10.2 13.2 0.8 Mar 10.6 8.9 10.0 0.4 Apr i1.2 9.0 10.2 0.7 Dissolved Oxygen May 8.4 6.4 7.6 0.5 (mg/l) Jun 7.6 4.4 6.4 0.7 Jul 7.2 3.2 5.6

• 1.2 Aug 7.6 4.4 5.8 0.7 Sep 6.3 3.2 5.3 0.8 Oct 9.0 5.8 7.3

• 0.8 Nov 10.0 7.7 8.8 0.7

• Equipment malfunctioning - readings not available for every station.

l 1

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. C-19

! The only ice cover reported during this year's sampling program occurred during February,1983 at Stations 12 and 17.

The average temperature at each station for the bioyear July,1982 through

June,1983 is shown in Figure C-2. A bioyear corresponds to the teredinid breeding season l in the Barnegat Bay region (Richards et al.,1979). As in previous years, the stations closest to the discharge from the power station (Stations 5 through 8) showed t3mperatures somewhat above those at the other stations.

i The average temperatures for the various regions (Appendix A) over the most rtcent bioyear are plotted in Figure C-3. As in previous years (see Hillman et al.,-1983),

1 highest temperatures are in Region 1 (near the plant) and the lowest are in Region 3 I (cutside any thermal effects from the plant).

l Table C-14 compares water temperatures recorded at Station 8 in Oyster

] Creek since July,1975 with those recorded at Stations 2, 9,12,15 and 17 which are f outside Oyster Creek. Over that time period, temperatures at Station 8 have been elevated within a range of 74 percent of the time above those at Station 9 to 88 percent i

of the time above those at Station 2. Elevations have been in the 3.0 to 5.90C range i cbove ambient at least 50 percent of the time at Stations 2 and 15. At Station 12, they I were in that range only 38 percent of the time.  ;

i.

The results of the factorial ANOVA on temperature data are shown in j Table C-15. All three main effects of month, station, and bioyear were highly significant,

} with month obviously the most important main effect (based on a comparison of the

} relative mean square values). This result is expected considering the known seasonal temperature cycle in temperate estuaries. All three two-factor interactions are also i highly significant, with the interaction between season and bioyear being most imoortant.

In addition, the three-way interaction of region / season /bioyear was highly significant.-

! Multiple comparison procedures were used to identify patterns within the tamperature data. This was done for stations, months, and bioyears using all available

dita. Because this procedure does not correct for variation explained by other factors

} (s.g., seasonal variation),' the results of the analysis by station indicated no significant j differences. As in previous years, however, stations in Region I had generally higher

! t2mperatures than the remainder of the Bay.

When the analysis was performed on data grouped by month, each of the nine

months examined was found to be significantly different. Analysis of temperature data by I

bloyear indicated 75/76 to be significantly colder and 83/84 to be significantly warmer

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i i 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 iO IOA IOB II I2 13 14 15 IGB I7 STATION FIGURE C-2. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE AT EACH EXPOSURE PANEL STATION CALCULATED FOR THE BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1982 THROUGH JUNE,1983. NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS IS 12.

b

c-21 TABLE C-14. TEMPERATURES RECORDED AT STATION 8 COMPARED TO FIVE OTHER EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN VARIOUS REGIONS OF BARNEGAT BAY SINCE JULY,1975.

Stntion 8 Compared to: Station 2 Station 9 Station 12 Station 15 Station 17 Number of Observations Lower Than 11 15 21 8 13 Equal To 1 11 3 6 2 0.1 to 0.90C Higher 13 5 7 6 7 1.0 to 1.90C Higher 8 10 13 ~ 10 15 2.0 to 2.90C Higher 8 16 11 13 13 3.0 to 3.90C Higher 18 18 21 14 11 4.0 to 4.90C Higher 21 17 7 20 17 5.0 to 5.90C Higher 10 5 9 15 10 6.0 to 6.90C Higher 4 2 5 4 5 7.0 to 8.50C Higher 4 0 0 2 4 8.50C Higher 0 0 0 0 1 Missing Pairs 3 2 4 3 3 Summary Total Observations 98 99 97 98 98 Number of Times Elevated 86 73 73 84 83 Ptrcent of Times Elevated 88 74 75 86 85 i

Number of Times 3.0-5.90C 49- 40 37 49 38 Ptrcent of Times 3.0-5.90C 50 40 38 50 39 i

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I4-l2-J 10 i i i i i i 2 3 4 5 REGION FIGURE C-3. AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1982 THROUGH JUNE,1983.

REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS 1,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,' 10B,11; REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14,15,16B.

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TABLE C-15. ANALY515 OF VARIANCE OF TEMPERATURES RECORDED AT EXPO 5tlRE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY.1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

Susa of Mean Sgnificance Sum of Mean Sgnificance Source of Variation 5 ,aares DF Square F of F Source of Variation 5spaares DP Square F of F n b

Main Effects 104170.8 13 8013.1 500.380 0.000 Main Elfacts 121134.6 36 3364.1 542.730 0.000 Region 1725.6 4 431.4 26.939 0.000 Station 1921.1 19 101.1 16.309 0.000 102035.6 3 34011.9 2123.870 0.000 Month 118805.5 11 10800.5 42.056 0.000 Season Bioyear 416.3 6 69.4 4.333 0.000 Bioyear 1154.0 6 192.3 31.023 0.000 2-way Interactaans 2782.4 54 51.5 3.218 0.000 11.681 0.000 149.0 12 12.4 0.775 0.677 2.812 0.001 Region / Season Region /Bioyear 181.3 24 7.6 0.472 0.986 1.724 0.016 Season /Bioyear 2447.3 18 136.0 8.490 0.000 30.846 0.000 3-Way Interactions 553.6 71 7.8 0.487 1.000 1.769 0.000 Region / Season /fkoyear 353.6 71 7.8 0.487 1.000 Empiaaned 10/506.9 138 779.0 48.647 0.000 Esplaaned 124470.6 161 773.1 768.691 0.000 23268.5 1453 16.0 Residual 6304.8 1430 4.409 c es.e at Total 130775.4 1591 82.2

9 4

. c-24 i

than the remaining years. These were both artifacts due to the exclusion of summer and fall data from 75/76 and lack of data from winter and spring of 1984. Complete bioyears (76/77 through 82/83) indicated no significant differences and no suggestion of either a warming or cooling trend over the course of the program.

l Salinity The minimum salinities at which Teredo navalis will grow and reproduce have been reported as 5-10 0/oo (Turner,1973; Richards et al., 1978), 10-14 o/oo for Bankia gouldi (Allen,1924; Turner,1973) and 7-10 0/oo for T. bartschi (Hoagland et al.,1980).

During the period December,1982, through November,1983, salinities were generally only sporadically recorded below 10 0/oo. At Station 13 in March, salinities were 5.8 and 5.0 0/oo respectively (Tables C-4 and C-5) on the days when readings were taken. If the

salinity had been that low consistently throughout those months, it might have had some deleterious effect on the borers. Salinities are generally lower at Station 13 than at most

of the other stations anyway.

Other incidences of salinities below 10 0/oo during the present reporting i period included values of 6.0 at Station 6 and 9.9 at Station 9 in Aprl! (Table C-5); 2.0 at Station 8, 4.9 at Station 7 and 9.7 at Station 16B in June (Table C-7). Mean salinities (Table C-13) were somewhat lower this year than last, particularly through the spring and j

summer.

j Average salinities at each exposure panel station, calculated for the bioyear from July 1982 through June,1983 are shown in Figure C-4. Stations were grouped into

regions, and the average salinity of each region for this bioyear is plotted in Figure C-5.

l The results of the ANOVA for salinity are shown in Table C-16. As reported l previously (Hillman et al.,1983) all three main effects of station, month, and bioyear were statistically significant. The bioyear effect was strongest, based on relative mean square values. Both the region / season and season /bioyear interactions were significant, with the season /bioyear interaction being most important. The three-way interaction was elso highly significant.

Multiple comparison procedures were carried out on the salinity data in a

! manner analogous to that described previously for temperature. The SNK multiple range procedure identified seven significantly different groups of stations:

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] I4-I2 i l l l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10 LOA 108 il 12 13 14 15 168 17 l STATION FIGURE C-4. AVERAGE SALINITY AT EACH EXPOSURE PANEL STATION CALCULATED FOR THE BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1982 THROUGH JUNE,1983. NUMBER OF OBSERVAT70NS IS 12.

_ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ v

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i 2 3 4 '5 REGION FIGURE C-5. AVERAGE SALINITY FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1982 THROUGH JUNE,1983.  !

REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS 1,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,108,11; REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14,15,16B.

l

TABLE C-16. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SALINITIES RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

Suneof Mean Sgnificance Sum of Mean Espificanoe Sourceof Variation 5speares DF Sapsare F et F Source of Variathn Sgaares DF Sepaare F of F Main Effects 23322.4 13 1794.0 121.355 0.000 Main Effects 28043.9 36 779.0 44.874 0.000 Region 10048.1 4 2512.0 169.922 0.000 Station 12886.2 19 678.2 39.069 0.000 m Season Bioyear 6122.9 6984.9 3

6 2041.0 1864.1 138.058 78.748 0.000 0.000 Month Bioyear 7953.6 6995.0 11 6

723.1 1165.8 41.652 67.159 0.000 0.000 h

N 2-Way Interactaans 8984.0 54 166.4 11.254 0.000 5.670 0.000 Regum/ Season 257.5 12 21.5 1.452 0.136 1.838 0.038 Region /Bioyear 338.7 24 14.1 0.955 0.526 1.204 0.227 Season /Baoyear 8359.1 18 464.4 31.413 0.000 39.658 0.000 3-Way ineeractaans 1235.6 71 17.4 1.177 0.153 1.487 0.006 Region / Season /lkoyear 1235.6 71 17.4 1.177 0.153 EM 33542.1 138 243.1 16.441 0.000 Engsaaned 38263.5 161 237.6 20.308 0.000 Resnahaal 21391.6 1447 14.8 Resadual 16670.2 1424  !!.71 Total 34933.7 1585 34.7

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f C-28 16B 1310141512 5 7 6 810A 11910B 2 3 4A 4171 These results are similar to those reported last year and are related to the position of the stations within the Bay. The five stations grouped at the right have lower salinities and are located in the northern portion of Barnegat Bay where there is more freshwater input. Station 1, located at Barnegat Inlet, had significantly higher salinities i than all other stations.

The multiple comparison of salinities by month produced the following pattern of significance:

FEB 3AN MAR DEC JUL AUG NOV OCT SEP This pattern agrees with that presented in previous reports and is believed to result from increased precipitation and freshwater runoff in the winter months leading to g:nerally lowered salinities in the Bay.

Analysis of salinity data grouped by bioyear indicated no discernable trend ,

over the course of this program:

75/76 78/79 79/80 83/84 82/83 77/78 76/77 80/81 81/82 gH, The results of the factorial analysis of variance for pH data are given in Table .

C-17. Ali main effects were very highly significant with bioyear being the first-order effect. As we have noted in previous reports (Maciolek-Blake _et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,

1983) even though these data are clearly indicative of statistically significant differences in pH both in space and time, we do not believe that the range of pH values occurring in the bay is biologically significant for teredinids.

The one-way analysis of variance indicated no significant differences among stations when the effects of month ~and bloyear were not accounted for and, subsequently, the Student-Newman-Keuls test indicated no significantly different groups of stations for

_ _-_ __--___ _-___ = ___ _ _ _ _

TABl.E C-17. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF pH RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,

! 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

Samn d Mean Senificance Sama d Mean Spuiscance Sonarce d variation Sepaares DF Sepaare F MF Source d Variation $spaares DF Sganare F of F Main Effects -

78.500 13 6.038 30.626 0.000 Main Ef fects  !!3.544  % 3.154 15.053 0.000 Region Season 5.086 12.413 4

3 1.272 4.138 6.449 20.986 0.000 "O

Station Month 16.266

%.214 19 0.8%

3.292 4.086 15.712 0.000 0.000

?

to Bioyear 58.497 6 9.750 49.447 G.. ,0 Bioyear 58.493 6 9.749 46.528 0.000

• 2-Way Inseractaons 57.733 54 1.069 5.422 0.000 6.109 0.000 Region / Season 2.830 12 0.236 1.1% 0.280 1.349 0.184 Region /Bioyear 7.178 24 0.299 1.517 0.052 1.709 0.018 Season /Bioyear 48.329 18 2.685 13.617 0.000 15.343 0.000 3-Way Interactsons 14.888 67 0.222 1.127 0.229 1.269 0.129 {

Region / Season /Bioyear 14.888 67 0.222 1.127 0.229 g EW 151.122 134 1.128 5.720 0.000 Esplanned 186.165 157 1.186 6.777 0.000 Residisal 271.897 1379 0.197 Resadiaal 2%.853 13 % 0.175 Total 423.018 1513 0.280 O

l C-30 this parameter. Analysis of these data by month Indicated a pattern described in earlier reports (Hillman et al.,1983):

3AN FEB SEP DEC OCT NOV MAR AUG 3UL When the data were examined by bioyear, the resulting pattern of significance was:

80/81 75/76 81/82 83/84 76/77 79/80 77/78 82/83 78/79

, No directed pattern of temporal change in the Bay is indicated by these r sults.

Dissolved Oxygen The results of the factorial analysis of variance for dissolved oxygen data are shown in Table C-18. All three main effects were very highly significant with month being the most important based on the mean square values. Station, though still highly significant, was the least important main effect. This is the same pattern described in l Itst year's report (Hillman et al.,1983).

Of the two-way interactions, both region / season and season /bloyear were '

significant with the latter interaction being much more important than the former. The three-way interaction was not significant. ,

One-way analysis of variance by station confirmed the lack of differences in dissolved oxygen concentrations among stations, indicating no significant groupings.

Analysis of the dissolved oxygen data by month, however, produced the fo!!owing distinct p;ttern of significance:

JUL SEP AUG OCT NOV DEC 3AN MAR FEB This pattern is clearly related to temperature changes in the Bay. Lowest dissolved 1 cxygen concentrations are associated with the warmest months of the year and highest l dissolved oxygen values with the coldest months. I i

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TABLE C.lL ANALY5t5 OF VARIANCE OF Dis 5OLVED OXYGEN RECORDED AT EXPO 5URE FANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,1975THROUGH NOVEMBER,1983.

Mean Significance Sasm of Mean Sipiiiirmar*

Sassa d et P DF F et F Source ei variation Sgsares DF 5,sare F Seesce of Variassen Sapsares 5enare 472.65 216.786 0.000 Main Ef f ects 7059.94 36 196.11 97.365 0.000 tsein EHects 6144.47 13 6.53 3.239 0.000 85.02 4 21.26 9.749 0.000 Station 123.97 19 Region 6338.70 11 576.25 286.10 0.000 3463.47 3 1821.16 835.292 0.000 Month Season 827.43 6 137.90 68.47 0.000 Bioyear 702.05 6 117.009 53.667 0.000 Noyear 750.08 54 13.89 6.371 0.000 8.96 0.000 2-Way interactaans 2.09 0.015 Region / Season 38.87 12 3.24 1.486 0.123 42.05 24 1.75 0.804 0.736 1.13 0.301 Eegion/Noyear 23.66 0.000 season /Noyear 660.29 18 36.68 16.825 0.000 137.27 70 1.% 0.879 0.709 1.26 0.076 3.Way anaeracasons 137.27 70 1.% 0.899 0.709 1.26 0.076 Regwn/ Season /Bioyear 7031.82 137 31.33 23.542 0.000 Esplasned 7947.29 160 49.67 32.06 Empeanned 3039.29 1394 2.18 Resseinsel 2123.811371 1.55 Reesessi Total 10071.10 1531 6.58

L C-32  !

1 Multiple comparisons of dissolved oxygen concentrations over the nine "bloyears" of this program indicated the following pattern:

83/84 80/81 82/83 81/82 76/77 78/79 77/78 79/80 75/76 .

~ ~

The most recent data appear to support the observation noted last year (Hinman et 21.,

1983) of decreasing dissolved oxygen levels in the Bay during the course of this study.

Because 83/84 data are incomplete at this point and include only data from the seasons typically associated with lower oxygen concentrations (summer and fall), the placement of the current bloyear may be an artifact.

~

Literature Cited Allen, M.S. 1924. Toxicity of certain compounds on marine wood boring organisms together with some physiological considerations. In: W.G. Atwood, et al.,

Marine Structures, Their Deterioration and Preservation, pp. 181-196, National Research Council, Washington, D.C.

Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts.

Hoagland, K.E., L. Crockett, and R. Turner. 1980. Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Blvalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Gennating Stations. -

NUREG/CR-1517. 65 pp.

Maclolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, P.I. Feder and C.I. Belmore.1982. Study of ' woodbor'er ,-

populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report '

to GPU Nuclear, Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, 1

Mass. ,

Miller, R.G., Jr. 1966. Simultaneous Statistical inference. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc.

Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, 3.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1975. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. 2nd Edition.

Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1973. Woodborer Study .

Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1,1976 to November 30, 1977, to Jersey Central Power & Light '

Company, Report No.14819.

V-s' b

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)

x

-. - v, c_33 f t,<

2

, ., C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman.1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the

. _~. Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30,1978, to 3ersey Central Power & Light Company,

, Report No.14893.

s.

Turner, R.D. 1973. Report on marine borers (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek, Waretown, New Jersey. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

First Report, Aprl! 3,1973. 30 pp.

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