ML20091M341
| ML20091M341 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Braidwood  |
| Issue date: | 05/31/1984 |
| From: | COMMONWEALTH EDISON CO. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20091M339 | List: |
| References | |
| ENVR-840531, NUDOCS 8406110244 | |
| Download: ML20091M341 (26) | |
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a il Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 6 j
o May 1984 INSTRUCTIONS FOR UPDATING YOUR ER To update your copy of the Braidwood Station Environmental Report - Operating License Stage, please remove and aestroy the following pages and insert the Amendment 6 pages as indicated.
VOLUME 1 REMOVE INSERT Page 11 Page 11 Figure 2.1-4 Figure 2.1-4 Page 2.3-1/2.3-2 Pages 2.3-1 and 2.3-la/2.3-2 VOLUME 2 REMOVE INSERT Page 11 Page 11 Pages 3.6-1 through Pages 3.6-1/3.6-2 through 3.6-5/3.6-6 3.6-5/3.6-6 Page 5.1-7/5.1-8 Pages 5.1-7 and 5.1-7a/5.1-8 Page 5.3-3/5.3-4 Page 5.3-3/5.3-4 Page QE240.5-1/QE240.5-2 Pages QE240.5-1/QE240.5-2 and QE240.5-3/QE240.5-4 Figure QE240.5 Following Page Q. Oral-1 (do not remove) AMENDMENT 6 tab Page A6-1 l
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Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 1
. FEBRUARY 1983
'~'Y AMENDMENT 2 s) JULY 1983 AMENDMENT 3 SEPTEMBER 1983 AMENDMENT 4 OCTOBER 1983 AMENDMENT 5 DECEMBER 1983 AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 BRAIDWOOD' NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION - UNITS 1 & 2 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT - OPERATING LICENSE STAGE CONTENTS CHAPTER VOLUME Chapter- 8.0 - Economic and Social Ef fects of Station Construction and Operation 2 Chapter. 9.0 - Alternative Energy Sources and Sites 2
(). Chapter 10.0 - Station' Design Alternatives 2 Chapter 11.0 - Summary of_ Cost-Benefit Analysis 2 Cnapter 12.0 - Environmental Approvals and Consultation 2 Cnapter 13.0 --References. 2 Amendment- 1 - Voluntary Revisions 2 Amendment 2 - NRC Review Questions.ano Responses 2 Amendment 3 NRC Review Questions 7ano Responses 2 Amendment .4 - NRC Review Questions _ano Responses 2 Amendment 5 - NRC Review Questions and Responses' 2 6 - Volunt'ary~ Revisions. 2-Amendment
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K J-BRAltW0tl NUCLEAR GENE R A11NG ST AileN INITS 1&2 ENVidONMENTAt REPORT - OPERATING tlCENSE STAGE FIGURE 2.1-4 nocr ___ c' 'ov soof
- - .. e .cu LOCATION AND ORIENTATION OF PRINCIPAL PLANT STRUCTURES 8406110244-Q{
E fs Braidwood ER-OLS AMENUMENT 6 MAY 1984
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2.3 METEOROLOGY This section aescribes the atmospheric environment of the site of the Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station - Units 1 & 2 (Braidwood Station). Data on severe weatner phenomena that affect the design of the station itself, ano data necessary to describe the interactions between the station ano the atmos-phere are presented. Based on the information presented in this section, it is concludeo that there are no unusual local conaitions that should adversely affect the station's opera-tion, the dispersion of the plant effluents, or the oissipation of the station's waste heat.
Most of the information on the regional climatology is derived from climatic atlases and summaries (Bryson 1966; Changnon 1968; Denmark 1959). Other pertinent documents and publica-tions-usea in relation to specific topics are referenced in the text. Data from an onsite meteorological monitoring system, ,
the first-order National Weather Service stations at Greater Peoria Airport (located about 86 miles west-southwest of the Braiawood Station), ana Chicago Miaway Airport (locatea about 56 miles north-northeast of the station), the Argonne National Laboratory llocated about 34 miles north-northeast of the sta-() tion), ano the Dresden Station meteorological tower (located about 11 miles north-northwest of the Braiawood Station) are the primary sources of climatic information used in this section.
Peoria and Miaway data are taken from the monthly and annual climatological summaries availaole from the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (U.S.
Department of Commerce, NOAA 1977a, 19770). In addition, data from magnetic tapes of meteorological observations at Peoria for the perloa-of-recora from 1966 through 1975 obtainea from the. Environmental Data Services of the National. Climatic Center in Asheville, North Carolina, are summarizea. Data from Argonne for the perica-of-recora from 1950 through 1964 (Moses ano Bogner-1967) and onsite data from Dresden for the period-of-record from 1974 through 1976 are also summarized for this report.
Onsite data for the period from January 1974 through December 1976 are summarizea and presentea. The onsite meteorological monitoring system consists of an instrumented tower with I
sensors'at the 30 and 34-foot ano 199 and 203-foot levels.
(During November 1977 the wina speed and direction instrumen-tation at Doth tower levels was raisea by 4 feet from 30 and 6l 199 feet above grade level.) The parameters measured and
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4 O eraidwoed ea-o'S asenosen1 6 MAY 1984
- summarize'd include wind speed, wind direction, wind direction persistence, Estimates for temperature, stability, and short-term (accident) andlong-term stability (persistence.
routine) atmospheric dilution factors (X/Q) based on the Braidwood Station onsite meteorological data are also presented. A detaileo description of the meteorological monitoring system appears in Subsection 6.1.3.
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Braidwood ER-OLS ,
l 2.3.1 Regional climatology l Braidwood Station is located in northeastern Illinois, approximately 86 miles east-northeast of the first-order National Weather Service Station at Peoria, Illinois, and 56 miles south-southwest of the first-order National Weather Service Station at Chicago Midway Airport. Although Chicago Midway Airport is located somewhat closer to the Braidwood Station than Greater Peoria Airport, the latter is considered to be more representative of the climate at the Braidwood Station site.
Since the moderating influence of Lake Michigan is considerable at Chicago Midway, an inland weather station is likely to be more representative of an inland site. The climatological data from these two stations and Argonne are summarized in Table 2.3-1.
The climate of northeastern Illlinois is typically continental, with cold winters, warm summers, and frequent short period fluctuations in temperature, humidity, cloudiness, and wind direction. The great variability in northeastern Illic.ois climate is due to its location, particularly during the cooler months, in a confluence zone between different air masses (Bryson 1966). The specific air masses aff ecting northeastern Illinois include maritime tropical air, which originates in the Gulf of Mexico; continental tropical air, which originates in Mexico and the southern Rockies; Pacific air, which originates is the eastern North Pacific Ocean; and continental polar and continental arctic air, which originate in Canada. As these air masses migrate from their source regions, their characteristics may undergo substantial modifications. Monthly streamline analyses of resultant surface winds suggest that air reaching northeastern Illinois most frequently originates over the Gulf of Mexico from April through August, over the southeastern United states from September through November, and over both the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico from December through March (Bryson 1966).
The major factors controlling the frequency and variations of weather types in northeastern Illinois are distinctly different during the f all, winter, and spring months and the sumnier months.
During the fall, winter, and spring months, the frequency and variation of weather types is determined by the movement of synoptic-scale storm systems, evidenced by low atmospheric pressure at the ground surf ace, that commonly follow paths along the major confluence zone, which is usually oriented from southwest .to northeast through the region. The confluence zone normally fluctuates in latitude during this period, ranging in position fran the central states to the United States - Canadian border. Low-pressure systems pass along this zone about once every 4 to 8 days. The systems are most frequent during winter and spring, causing a maximum of cloudiness during these seasons.
Winter is characterized by alternating periods of steady precipitation (rain, freezing rain, sleet, or snow) and periods of clear, crisp, and cold weather, springtime precipitation is 2.3-2
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w Braiowood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 1
- I ,) FEBRUARY 1983
< AMENDMENT 2 JULY 1983 AMENDMENT 3 SEPTEMBER 1963 AMENDMENT 4 OCTOBER 1983 AMENDMENT 5 DECEMBER 1983 AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984
, BRAIDWOOD NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION - UNITS 1 & 2 ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT - OPERATING LICENSE STAGE
, CONTENTS CHAPTER VOLUME Chapter 8.0 - Economic and Social Effects of Station Construction and Operation 2
() Cnapter 9.0 - Alternative Energy Sources and Sites 2 Chapter 10.0 - Station Design Alternatives 2 Chapter 11.0 - Summary of Cost-Benefit Analysis 2 Chapter 12.0 - Environmental Approvals and Consultation 2 Cnapter 13.0 - References 2.
Amendment l'- Voluntary Revisions 2 Amendment 2 - NRC Review Questions anc Responses 2 Amendment .3 - NRC Review Questions and Responses 2 Amendment 4 - NRC Review Questions ano Responses 2 Amenoment 5 - NRC Review Questions and Responses 2 Amendment 6 - Voluntary Revisions 2 O
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r gv Braidwooo ER-OLS AMENDMENT 2 T ,) JULY 1983 AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 3.6 CHEMICAL AND BIOCIDE SYSTEMS The source of water for the Braidwood Nuclear Generating Sta-tion - Units 1 & 2 (Braidwood Station) is the Kankakee River, which supplies water for the initial pond filling and for the pond makeup water. Table 3.6-1 shows the expected seasonal composition of the river water. The flow path and ultimate disposition of the plant's various water systems are shown in Figure 3.3-1. Tables 3.6-2 and 3.6-3 list the average and maximum chemical compositions of the discharge to the Kankakee River, which is made up of the following major components:
cooling pond blowdown, sewage treatment plant effluent, and wastewater treatment systems effluent.
3.6.1 Cooling Water Systems 3.6.1.1. Circulating Water System As discussed in Subsection 3.3.1, each steam turbine unit has a closed-cycle, once-through cooling water system to remove the heat' released during condensation of the turbine exhaust steam.
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The dissolved solids content of the water in the cooling pond is maintained at the level necessary for operation such that the blowdown meets the applicaule State of Illinois water Qual-ity standards. Table 3.6-2 lists the expected chemical compo-sition of the olowdown, which is controlleo to limit the aver-age total dissolved solids (TOS) to 900 mg/ liter. The blowdown contains the same chemical constituents as the river, but in higher concentrations due to evaporation. Chemical analysis of the blowdown may vary depending on the seasonal variations in the concentration of dissolved solids in the Kankakee River water.
Biological growth and slime buildup in the main condensers are controlled through the use of mechanical cleaning, which' greatly reduces the cuantity of hypochlorite needed in the plant. The Amertap system at the Braidwood Station uses small, 6 sponge-rubber balls sized _to the inside diameter of the condenser tubes. During operation,-these balls are injected
.into the circulating water piping at the inletito the condenser. The balls,_with a submerged density nearly eaual to the density of water, are dispersed in the. circulating _ water stream and forced through the condenser tubes by the pressure of_the flowing water. As the balls pass through the tubes,
.they wipe them clean. A system of-baf fles and screens in the
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Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 lh circulating piping at the outlet of the condenser collects the balls as they flow out of the condenser. The balls are removed from the circulating water stream and reinjected at the conden-ser inlet or stored for later use.
It is also necessary to add small amounts of chlorine deriva-tives to the circulating water system to control algal growth.
Hypochlorite is injected intermittently into the circulating-water line before the main condensers but after the blowdown take-off point. The chlorine dosage is controlleo to satisfy the chlorine demand of the cooling water and provide a free residual chlorine concentration of 0.1 ppm. Since the free residual chlorine is dissipated in the cooling pond, the blow-down from the circulating water system has no chlorine residual.
If scale buildup on the main condensers becomes a problem, either CO2 or crystal growth inhibiting polymers will be 6 injected into the circulating water system to control scale.
3.6.1.2 Service Water System Service water is used to cool plant and auxiliary equipment.
The service water is taken from the circulating cooling water system, pumped through the power plant equipment, and then lll returned to the cooling pond.
The service water is hypochlorinated to prevent biological growth in the cooling eauipment. The hypochlorination method reouires controlled addition of hypochlorite solution twice daily for half-hour periods. The service water is chlorinated with a 15% solution of sodium hypochlorite (Na0Cl). The essen- 6 tial and nonessential service water systems of each unit are chlorinated separately. Each day an average of 700 pounds of 15% Na0Cl is added to the nonessential service water, and sa average of 480 pounds of 15% Na0C1 is added to the essential service water.
When sodium hypochlorite is added to water the following reac-tions occur:
Na0C1 + H 2O HOCl + NaOH (3.6-1)
HOCl H+ + OCl- (3.6-2)
The rate at which hypochlorous acid and hypochlorite ion are formed varies depending on the pH; the two are present in approxicately eaual concentrations at pH 7.5. The hypochlorous acid is the active disinfectant compound formed. This compouna 3 kills bacteria by reacting with their enzymatic systems. As W 3.6-2
/-i Braidwood ER-OLS Q
i the reactions with HOCl and the enzymes proceed, the residual chlorine is dissipated.
The presence of ammonia in the water leads to the rapid forma-tion of chloramines. The reactions are as follows:
NH3 + HOCl NH 2 Cl + H 2 O (3.6-3)
NH2 Cl + HOCl NHCl2,HO2 (3.6-4)
NHCl2 + HOCl NCl3+HO 2 (3.6-5)
The formation of monochloramines (Eauation 3.6-3) takes prece-dence over.that of di- and trichloramines and is generally in-stantaneous. The chloramines formed are present as monochlora-mines due to the small ratio of HOCl to NH3 The chlorine in chloramines still retains about half of its oxidizing potential and is still effective as a bactericide. The reaction rate of Chloramines, however, is lower than that of HOC 1.
The small concentrations of chloramines formed and the residual chlorine present are'not expected to persist'in the water for
( ,) three reasons. First, the circulating water contains bacteria that assimilate the residual chlorine and chloramines of the nonessential service water. The residual chlorine and chlora-mines of the essential service water are assimilated when com-bined with the blowdown from the essential cooling pond, which will still contain bacteria. Second, part of the volatile
.chloramines are lost due to evaporation. Third, while retain-ing their oxidizing potential, HOCl and chloramines react with and are destroyed by reducing agents like S=, F++, and Mn++, as shown in the following equations:
H2S + 4H0C1 H2 504 + 4 hcl (3.6-6) 2Fe(OH)3 + CaC12 + 6C02+HO 2 (3.6-7) 2Fe(HCO 3 )2 + H0C1 + hcl + Ca(HCO3 )2 MnSO4 + HOC 1 + hcl + 4NaOH Mn02 + 2 Nacl + Na2504 + 3H 2O (3.6-8)
Since there is no accurate way to predict the chlorine demand of the pond, the exact Quantity of Na0Cl used is impossible to predict. The feed rate is carefully monitored. The service water, which may have a small-residual chlorine content after chlorination, is-returned to the cooling pond. Since the con .
denser cooling water is chlorinated after the blowdown take-off point,' chlorine concentration at'the point of blowdown dis-charge is negligible.
3.6-3 w._
F braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 2 JULY 1983 AMENDMENT 6 h
MAY 1984 3.6.2 Makeup Water Treatment System Surface water from the freshwater holding pond is used to sup- 2 ply the makeup water required for the steam cycle. As shown in Figure 3.3-1, the water is passed through a chlorine retention tank, clarifiers, and a clear well. From there the water pas-ses through three parallel sand filters. Each filter operates at 3.0 gpm/ft2 during normal operation and a maximum of 4.5 gpm/ft2 when one filter is out of service. After each use, 6
each filter is backwashed for 10 minutes, using 570 gpm of filtered water for each filter. The filtered water is stored in a 150,000 gallon tank.
Inree filtered-water transfer pumps (one a spare) supply water to the demineralizer trains for treatment. There are two iden-tical demir;ralizer trains, each capsble of producing a net daily average of 150 gpm. Each train consists of, in order, a strong-acid cation unit, a strong-base anion unit, and a mixed bed unit. After treatment, the water goes to the condensate $
storage tank or primary storage tank.
3.6.2.1 Regeneration Wastes After a cuantity of water has been processed through the demin-eralizer train, the ion exchange resin is exhausted and needs chemical regeneration. Regeneration of the exhausted resins may take place once each day. During regeneration, which lasts about 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br />, the only chemicals added are sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Each regeneration reouire 2240 pounds of 93% H SO4 2 and 792 pounds of 100%
NaOH for regeneration and neutralization. The 70,095 gallons
' of waste produced during each regeneration are routed into the circulating water flow.
3.6.2.2 Filter Backwash Effluent The makeup filter subsystem consists of three parallel sand filters and carbon filters. Each filter is backwashed once each day with water from the filtered water storage tank. The backwash water contains dissolved solids and suspended solids that are collected during the filtering process. The sand filters are backwasned each day for a 10-minute period at a rate of 1.3 cubic feet per second (cfs), and the carbon filters 6 are backwashed each day for a 10-minute period at a rate of 0.76 cfs. The discharge from this backwashing operation is routed to the waste treatment building.
O 3.6-4
Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 1 s
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AMENDMENT 2 JULY 1983 3.6.3 Waste Treatment , ,
Treatment consists of an oil separator, an agitated equaliza- 2 tion basin, chemical addition, a Quadricell separator, and filtration, after which the clean water effluent is routed to the circulating water system.
The oil separator is equipped with skimmers to remove oil. The skimmed oil flows to a waste oil holding tank. The waste oil is disposed of, as necessary, by a licensed contractor in an 1 approved manner.
Sludge from the Quadricell is pumped by sludge transfer pumps to sludge drying beds. Underflow from the beds is pumped by underflow pumps to the equalization tank. The dried sludge is scraped off and hauled away by a licensed contractor for dis-pcsal in a certified landfill site.
3.6.4 Potable Water System
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The volume of water used for potable and sanitary purposes is small (about 15,000 gallons per day [gpd]) in comparison with other plant uses. Water is taken from the filtered water storage tank. The water is chlorinated with hypochlorite, which is fed at a rate proportional to the flow rate. The chlorinated water is then stored for potable and sanitary use.
All sanitary wastes are treated in a sewage treatment system of approved design (for further details see Section 3.7). The discharge from the sewage treatment plant is continuously chlo-rinated, as indicated in Section 3.7, and is discharged with the cooling pond blowdown. The chlorine dosage is usually 3 to 10 mg/ liter. This dose results in a free residual chlorine concentration of about 0.5 ppm. After mixing with the cooling pond blowdown, the chlorine concentration is negligible.
3.6.5 Radwaste System The discharge from the radwaste system is high-purity distilled water. The raowaste plant receives and decontaminates wastes that result from the operation of the nuclear reactors. After the necessary decontamination, the liquid effluents are batch discharged to the cooling pond blowdown. Section 3.5 discusses the radwaste system in detail.
Table 3.6-2 shows the estimated effluent analysis, and Table
/^T 3.6-3 the average analysis, of the final discharge, which in k/ both cases meets all State of Illinois effluent standards.
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AMENOMENT 1 ;
FEBRUARY 1983 TABLE 3.6-1 SEASONAL ANALYSIS OF KANKAKEE RIVER WATER (All Values in mg/ liter)
WINTER SPRING SUMMER FALL AVERAGE MAXIMUM Calcium 71.9 78.7 81.8 77.8 77.6 118 Magnesium 23.9 21.3 24.8 24.0 23.5 31.0 Sodium 16.4 7.2 13.8 14.7 13.0 25.6 Alkalinity (As CACO3 ) 178 140 159 202 170 235 Sulfate 62.4 60.4 45.7 93.9 65.6 164 Chloridea 23.0 22.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 25 Nitrate 1.7 4.5 2. 2 0.9 2.3 6.2 Silica 2.3 3.1 4.2 3.2 3.2 5.3 Filterable
.7csidue 381 361 397 411 388 489 Note: pH average 8.2, range 7.0 to 9.0 Samples taken at Location 3, Intake Area Sources: Illinois Natural History Survey 1977-1979, 1981 a Commonwealth Edison 1977-1978 3.6-6
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4 Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 average river flow. A corresponding plot (see Figure 5.1-2) is provided for the month of February which represents the period with the maximum differential Detween discharge temperature and ambient river temperature. The features of the thermal plume for other months of the year can be obtained from Table 5.1-2.
It should be noted that the maximum area ssociated with the 50FSisotherm occurs in December and has a value of only 0.45 acres.
The extent to which the thermal plume (50F isotherm) is pro-2 jected into the river was determined to be 28% of the river width in August, 33% in September and 22% in December with cor- 6 responding' cross sectional areas of 18%, 21% and 13%, respec-tively. These areas meet the Illinois water Quality standards.
In the following discussions it will be shown that the esti-mated Braidwood Station thermal discharges are in compliance with the Illinois Water Pollution Standards.
5.1.3 Biological Effects This subsection describes the predicted thermal impact of the
' () cooling pond blowdown on the Kankakee River biota, the effect of removing a portion of the river's aquatic organisms in the makeup water, and the potential for entrapment and impingement of fish on the traveling screens at the river intake structure.
For a description of the intake structure's operating charac-teristics, see Section 3.4.
5.163.1 Effects of Released Heat on the Kankakee River The thermal discharge to the Kankakee River from the Braidwood Station will result in a thermal plume that will be well within the Illinois thermal limits (see Subsection'5.1.2) and there-fore should not adversely af fect biota outside the mixing zone.
A thermal analysis performed for CECO by Sargent & Lundy (S&L),
r the results of which are presented in Subsection 5.1.2 of this Environmental Report, shows the average plant outlet and cool-ing pond blowdown temperatures ano the thermal plume areas (see Tables 5.1-2 and 5.1-4) for various times of the year, assuming 100% capacity factors. These calculations show compliance with applicable Illinois temperature regulations. The regulations also specify that normal daily and seasonal temperature varia-tions in existence before heat is discharged must be maintained.
L Seasonal temperatures in the Kankaker River range from a monthly average of 33.50F in December to 79.50F in August, a total 7- variation of 46 0F. Comparatively, discharge temperatures from
( j 5.1-7
Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 the cooling'pono blowdown range from a meolan of 550F in
. January-to 910F in August. Seasonal variations in tempera-ture are therefore Quite similar, even within the mixing zone.
- Daily temperature fluctuations are also expected to be of similar magnitude for the pond and river since both are res-ponding.to the same meteorological conditions. It is, there-fore, concluded that these aspects of the water Quality stana-
, ards are satisfied during plant operation.
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Braidwood ER-OLS The state regulations designate a 50 F maximum temperature rise above natural water temperatures. This requirement is applicable on all regions outside the established mixing zone area of approximately 26 acres For the median monthly blowdown temperatures, it is esti . ed that the largest area within the 50 F isotherm line occurs in December and is only 0.45 acres (see Subsection 5.1. 2) .
A portion of the Kankakee River plankton population will be exposed to above ambient blowdown plume temperatures as they move past the discharge area carried by river currents. Residence time in the thermal plume was calculated for the month of August when the average monthly river flow rate is quite low and the average pond blowdown temperature at full power operation is the highest. Under these conditions, river plankton will be exposed to elevated temperatures within the 50 F isotherm for approximately 10 minutes. A study conducted by Wapora (1970) at four power plants on the Ohio River found no measurable effect on the phytoplankton population or their composition as a result of heated discharge water. The impact on the Kankakee River plankton due to the heated discharge will be further mitigated by the small size of the predicted thermal plume and the rapid mixing of effluent with the Kankakee River water. Plume entrainment ef fects are expected to be small because of the brief period plankton will be exposed.
No significant benthic effects are anticipated because 'he thermal tolerance of most benthic species is relatively 'ngh and the Lattom area affected is small. Caddis flies (Hyde,opsuc_h_e, Cheumatopsyche) and mayflies ( Potoma nthus, Stenenema, Tricorythodes) form a large portion of the macroinver tebrate population collected at the downstream station in the ares of the proposed discharge at the Braidwood Station. Considerabl e data are available relating to the structure of insect populations living in waters as warm as 106.50 F (Wurtz 1969) . In a study of several species of mayflies and stoneflies that normally prefer cooler water, the addition of heated water from a power plant caused no detectable mortality (Langford 1970). Data bive indicated that the temperatures at which 50% of seven s;weies of larval midge flies died (the 50% lethal dose or LD,, va rs cal ranged from 850 to 1020 F (Walshe 1948) . These data indicate that any adverse ef fects on benthos will be confined t Beca o t he us e o f warmest part of the plume during the summer months.
the limited area involved and the regrowth and recolonization during the winter months, this ef f ect will not have a significant impact upon the aquatic ecosystem.
The thermal effects of blowdown discharge will not advnxuely I affect Kankakee River fishes (see the Braidwood Station ER-CPS, ,
subsection 5.1.3.1.1) because plume temperatures will remain l within the thermal tolerance limits of most Kankakee River 1 l
species and because the thermal plume is restricted to a small extent and area of the river. Even if lethal temperatures should occur in a small area of the discharge plume, fish mortalities 5.1-8 l
1
Braidwood ER-OLS
'f-A Hence, any sulf ate discharged to the Kankakee River from the operation of the Braidwood Station complies with water quality standards by river dilution within an area that does not exceed ,
the extent of the 58 F isotherm. As shown in Table 5.1-2, the l area of the thermal plume within the 5' F isotherm is 0.16 acres i in August; this area is well below the 26-acre mixing zone allowed by Illinois water quality standards.
The estimated concentrations of chemicals discharged in the cooling pond blowdown at locations on the Kankakee River corresponding to 58 F and 2* F isotherms are provided in Table 5.3-2. This table shows that most chemicals reach near-ambient ,
values at the 28 isotherm. As noted previously, these concentrations are based on the thermal plume model that consider's the volume of river water necessary in August to reduce the blowdown temperature to that of the indicated isotherms; this i water volume also causes a dilution of chemical effluents from 1
- the cooling pond. No adverse effects of these discharges upon the Kankakee River biota are anticipated. All concentrations are below existing standards and most are at near-ambient values.
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L 5.3-3
_ _ _ . _ __. _ _- - . _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. - - _ _ - _ - . . _ _ _ . . _ ~
TABLE 5.3-1 CHEMICAL OISCHARGES OF THE BRAIDWOOD STATION INCLUDING LEACHING EFFECTS (All values except pH in mg/ liter)
APPLICABLE AVERAGE AVERAGE ILLINDIS STANDARDS AMBIENT POND DISCHARGE WATER RIVERa BLOWDOWN TO RIVER EFFLUENT QUALITY Alkalinity (as CACO 3) 170 120 120 None None Calcium 77.6 100 100 None None w 3
Chlorides 22.0 44 44 None 500 6 E Y Magnesium 23.5 50 50 None None Y 2.3 5 5 None None m Nitrates 7.0-9.0 Within Within 5-10 6.5-9.0 b pH 2 Limits Standards Silica 3.2 6 6 None None Sodium 13.0 26 26 None None Sulfates 65.6 273 273 None None Total Dissolved Solids 388 900 900 3500b 1000 aFrom Table 3.6-1.
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bApplicable limit for recycling or other pollution abatement practices.
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Blaidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 3
-'"- SEPTEMBER 1983 AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 QUESTION E240.5 What are the potential impacts to local population and property of a postulated failure of the dike that forms the onsite pond?
RESPONSE
The cooling pond dikes are designed to be extremely stable structures, with more conservative design criteria than those recommenced in the National Dam Safety Program. Most of the exterior dike except a portion of the dike on the west, is either very low or the general ground level is at or above the top of dike elevation. The cooling pond has a spillway designed to safely pass all floods up to the probable maximum
- flood (PMF). Sufficient freeboard is provided to the top of the dikes over the extreme case of PMF level in the pond to prevent overtopping of the dikes due to wind waves. The upstream face of the dikes is protected with riprap. The dikes are also provided with a slurry trench cutoff. Therefore, it is highly unlikely that the dikes will fail due to heavy
() precipitation or due to any other natural causes.
In the unlikely event of a dike breach, it is postulated that a 100-foot. wide breach will occur in the west dike, south of the spillway location. This location is selected based on the fact the dike is the highest, in relation to the ground elevation on the lanc side of the dike. The breach is conservatively postulated to have a deptn of ten feet below the normal pool level of 595.0 feet. The postulated dike failure section is selected just south of the spillway (Figure QE240.5-1) instead 6 of other locations in the west dike, because the environmental impact of dike failure at that location on the downstream area would be the most severe due to its proximity to the community of Braceville.
The peak outflow through the 100' x 10' breach section is estimated to be_approximately 9800 cubic feet per second (Reference.1). The outflow will decrease with time:as the water 11evel in"the pona recedes.. The capacity of the cooling pond is 22,297 acre feet at Ihe normal pool' elevation of 595.0 6 feet. However, due'to'the presence of baffle dikes and the high ground at the pond bottom with elevation.of approximately 589.0 feet between east and west sections of tne cooling pono,
'only:17,700 acre feet of the-pond capacity would flow out of the breach following a dike failure.
7 D
LQE240.5-1 I
1 Braidwooo ER-OLS AMENDMENT 3 SEPTEMBER 1983 AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 lh The area downstream of the west dike is farmland and slopes ,
down in a westerly direction towards the Mazon River. The outflow through the postulated breach will spread out and flow as shallow overland flow to the the Mazon River (Figure QE240.5-1). Based on the topography and the slope of the area west of the dike failure section, the area was divided into 1) a primary flow zone (Zone A) and li) a backwater zone (Zone B),
as shown in Figure QE240.5-1. The primary flow zone would carry the outflow from the dike failure and the backwater zone will form due to the water spreading laterally from the primary flow zone. Three locations were selected in Zone A, where the flow depths and velocities are estimated for outflows from the breach at different times af ter the dike failure (Table 6 QE240.5-1). The depths and velocities of flow at a given location were estimated based on the slope of the area west of the dike and the width of primary flow zone at that location.
It_can be seen from Figure QE240.5-1 that the community of Braceville would not be affected directly by the primary flow from the dike failure, however, the Dackwater zone would extend to parts of the community.
The primary flow will continue beyond Location 3, to the Mazon River with essentially the same depths as at Location 3.
A discussion of the cross-sections, flow capacity and discharge rating curves for the Mazon River between its junction with Granary Creek and the old Route 66 bridge, is given in Section 2.4 of the Braidwood FSAR. It can be seen from the rating curve (Figure 2.4-23, FSAR) for the Mazon River, that tne river can carry the maximum outflow of 9800 cfs at an elevation of 570.0 feet, which is at least 10 feet below the general ground elevation of the area west of tne cooling pond.
The community of Braceville lies west of the cooling pond; however, it will not De significantly af fected by a dike breach f since most of the town is north of the path of the outflow from the breach. In addition, the community will be protected by the embankment of Routes 53 and 129 and the Illinois Central Gulf Railroad. .There is a small portion of Braceville, consisting of approximately 31 homes, located south of the
' railroad tracks and 11 farmsteads with homes, some with farm related structures which would De in the impact area. Of the 6 Braceville homes only 7 are in the primary flow zone as are 7 of the farmsteads. The total population of the homes in the impact area is approximately 119, 39 of which are in the primary zone.
QE240.5-2'
Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 3
- . m SEPTEMBER 1983
% .; AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 Therefore, the postulated dike breach would flooo some farmland 6 west of the cooling pond but will have very little impact on the population near the cooling pond.
?
Reference:
- 1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Military Hydrology, R&D Branch, 1957, Flow Through a Breached Dam, Military Hydrology Bulletin No. 9, Washington, D.C.
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TABLE QE240.5-1 Time History of Flow Downstream of Cooling Pond Dike Failure Elapsed Flow Parameters Time After Flow Tnrough Depth at Velocity at Oike Failure Breached Section Location * (ft) Location (ft/sec) 2 3 1 2 3 (Hours) (cfs) 1 0 9800 7.1 2.2 1.5 3.5 1. 6' 1.2 8000 6.3 1.9 1.3 3.2 1.5 1.1 3
N 8 6000 5.3 1.6 1.0 2.9 1.3 1.1 g 15 4000 4.1 1.3 0.9 2.4 1.1 0.8 o
20 3180 3.6 1.1 0.7 2.2 1.0 0.8
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30 2100 2.8 0.9 0.6 1.9 0.9 0.7 5 980 1.8 0.5 0.4 1.4 0.6 0.5 50 olocations 1, 2, and 3 are shown in Figure QE240.5-1.
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l Braidwood ER-OLS AMENDMENT 6 MAY 1984 VOLUNTARY REVISIONS Amendment 6 consists of voluntary revisions to the following parts of tne Braidwood Station Environmental Report - Operating , License Stage: Section 2.1 Geography and Demography Section 2.3 Meteorology Section 3.6 Cnemical-and Biocide Systems Section 5.1 Effects of Operation of Heat 01ssipation System Section~5.3 Effects of Chemical and Biocide Discharges ( Amendment 3' Revised Response to QE240.5 l C/ e A6-1 4}}