ML17285A863

Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2. W/891128 Ltr

ML17285A863
Person / Time
Site:	Columbia
Issue date:	12/31/1988
From:	Bell J WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
To:	WASHINGTON, STATE OF
References
NUDOCS 8912070233
Download: ML17285A863 (267)

Text

ACCELERATED Dl 'TION DEMONSTRXTlON SYSI'EM

-REGULATORY FORMATION DISTRIBUTION S'EM (RIDE)

I FACIL:50-397 WPPSS Nuclear Project, Unit 2 Washington Public Powe DOCKET 05000397 I

AUTH. NAME AUTHOR AFFILIATION BELL,J.C. ~

Washington Public Power Supply Syst RECIP.NAME RECIPIENT AFFILIATION

SUBJECT:

"Operational o ical Monitoring Progr m For Nuclear Plant 2." W 891128 ltr.

DISTRIBUTION CODE: IE2SD COPIES RECEIVED:LTR TITLE: Environmental Monitoring Rept (per Tech Specs)

L ENCL / SIZE:

NOTES:

RECIPIENT COPIES RECIPIENT COPIES ID CODE/NAME LT'gR ENCL' ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL PD5 LA PD5 PD SAMWORTH,R h INTERNAL: ACRS 1 1 AEOD/DSP/TPAB, 1 1 D IRM TECH ADV g NRR ROTHMAN,R 1 1 NRR/DREP PRPB11 E ILE 2

1 2

1 NUDOCS-ABSTRACT RGN5 DRSS/RPB lu C'8 OPgq SN E 02 1 1 EXTERNAL: EG&G SIMPSONFF 2 2 LPDR 1 1 NRC PDR 1 1 LNlTE0 0]S Tying.i M OF ENCLOSURES DUE TO 31ZE

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A TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR 19 ENCL

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WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM P.O. Box 96S ~ 3000 George Washington Way ~ Richland, Washington 99352 November 28, 1989 Mr. William L. Fitch Executive Secretary Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council Mail Stop PY-11 Olympia, WA 98504

SUBJECT:

TRANSMITTAL OF OPERATIONAL ECOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM NUCLEAR PLANT 2 ANNUAL REPORT

Dear Mr. Fitch:

Enclosed are four (4) copies of the subject report.

. Be 1, Mana Health and Sciences keh

Enclosure:

As stated.

cc: Document Control Desk, NRC (w/enclosure)

R. B. Samworth, NRC (w/enclosur e)

D. Becker, Battelle aq i 2070233 8 afP3i 0000397 pDR hooch 0 pNU R,

8912070233 1988 Annual Report

. Prepared by Environmental Sciences Department e.. ~<<- ..: ~

<<<<<<+<<

WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWBR 4N SUPPLY SYSTEM

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.

TABLES ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

FIGURES e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o . vi

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 THE SITE 1-2

1. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1-4 2.0 NOTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS. 2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION

. . 2-1 2.2 METHODS. . 2-1 2.3 RESULTS. 2-1 0

3.0 FISH BIOASSAYS. 3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION

. 3-1 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 0 3-2

3. 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 3-4 4,0 WATER QUALITY 4-1

4. 1 INTRODUCTION 4-1 4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 4-1 4.2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION. 4-2 4.2.2 FIELD EQUIPMENT & MEASUREMENTS 4-3 4.2.3 LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS. 4-3

~EF PENIS (Continued) 4.3 RESULTS. 4-4 4.3.1 TEMPERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 4-4 4.3.2 DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO). . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4 4.3.3 pH AND ALKALINITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4-4',3.4 CONDUCTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 4.3.5 TOTAL RESIDUAL CHLORINE (TRC). . . . . . . . 4-5 4.3.6 METALS o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ 4-6 4.3.7 HARDNESS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-7 4.3.8 OIL AND GREASE 4-8 4.3. 9 AMMONIA-NITROGEN AND NITRATE-NITROGEN.... 4-8 4.3.10 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND ORTHOPHOSPHORUS . . . . 4-8 4.3.11 SULFATE. 4-9 4,3.12 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND TURBIDITY............ 4-9 4.3.13 QUARTERLY DRINKING WELL MEASUREMENTS .. 4-10

4. 4 DISCUSSION, 4-10

4. 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4-11 5.0 COOLING TOWER DRIFT STUDIES . 5-1

5. 1 INTRODUCTION 5-1 5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 5-1 5.2.1 HERBACEOUS CANOPY COVER. 5-1 5.2.2 HERBACEOUS PHYTOMASS 5-2 5.2.3 SHRUB CANOPY COVER , 5-2 5.2.4 SHRUB DENSITY. 5-3

IILB~II (Continued) 5.2.5 SOIL CHEMISTRY 5-3 5.2. 6 VEGETATION CHEMISTRY 5-4

5. 3 'ESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5-4 j 5.3.1 HERBACEOUS COVER . 5-5 5.3.2 HERBACEOUS PHYTOMASS 5-5 5.3.3 SHRUB COVER AND DENSITY. 5-6

5. 3. 4 SOIL CHEMISTRY 5-7 5.3.5 VEGETATION CHEMISTRY . 5-7 5.4

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSIONS. 5-8 5.5 COOLING TOWER DRIFT MODEL VALIDATION STUDY 5-8 5.

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5-8 5.5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 5-9 5.5.3 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND COLLECTION. 5-9 5.5.4 SAMPLE ANALYSIS. 5-10 5.5.5 OBJECTIVES . 5-10

5. 6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5-10 6,0 INTAKE STRUCTURE FOULING SURVEYS. ~ ~ ~ 6-1 j

6. 1 INTRODUCTION 6-1 6.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. 6-1 6.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6-2 6,4 BIBLIOGRAPHY

B F TET (Continued) 7.0 CORBICULA CLAM SURVEYS. . 7-1 7,1 INTRODUCTION . 7-1 7.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. . 7-1 7.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 7-1 8.0 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY. . 8-1

8. 1 INTRODUCTION 8-1

8. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS. . 8-1

8. 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8-3

8. 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY 8-3

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

During 1988 there were no unusual events which resulted in significant environmental impacts from the operation of WNP-2.

There were no unanticipated or emergency discharges of water or waste-water during the reporting period.

Water quality sampling Station 7 was relocated to eliminate sampling inconsistencies produced by the surging effect of the discharge plume. No surging effects were noted during 1988, Sampling at mid and bottom depths was initiated for copper concentrations, The results were consistent with surface measurements and generally indi-cate that the discharge plume is well mixed and uniform in its verti-cal dispersion as it exits the mixing zone.

Significant interstation differences could not be detected for any of the parameters measured. All measurements taken were within the water quality standards for Class A waters both above and below the mixing zone.

Total herbaceous cover averaged 32.51. in the study area which repre-sents a 551. reduction over 1987. This is attributed to record dry periods which occurred during critical times of the growing season in January and February. Shrub cover and density data continue to reflect recovery from the 1984 range fire with slight increases in cover and density evident at most stations.

With the exception of Station G03 located just south of the cooling towers, no adverse trends or impacts upon soil or vegetation chemistry are apparent from five years of operational data, WNP-2 intake inspections were made in July and October. No fish were found impinged on the intake screens and algal growth was moderate.

Fouling of the intake screens was comparable to that observed in previous years.

No living ggrl~gla or relic shells were found during inspections of the main condensor water boxes, nor were they observed during routine inspections of the TMU pumphouse pit.

An aerial photography program was established in June of 1988 as an additional tool in detecting signs of vegetation stress surrounding HNP-2 . Two flightlines wi 11 be photographed annually and examined for signs of stress.

This annual report, prepared by Washington Public Power Supply System, describes the aquatic, terrestrial and water quality programs for Nuclear Project No. 2 (WNP-2).

Joe Bell Manager, Occupational Health and Environmental Sciences Terry E. Northstrom Supervisor, Environmental Sciences Sara L. Lindberg Environmental Scientist I John E, HcDonald Environmental Scientist I Richard E. Welch Environmental Scientist I Lana S. Schleder Environmental Scientist II Kathryn E. Humphreys Administrative Specialist

Hmrhex 4-1 MTtla Summary Summary of Historical Monitoring Programs for and Long-term Environmental HNP-2 of Hater Quality Parameters, Stations, and

e 4-12 Sampling Frequencies, 1988 4-2 Summary of Hater Quality Parameters and EPA Method Number 4-13 4-3 Summary of Temperature Measurements for 1988 4-14 Summary of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements for 1988 4-15 4-5 Summary of pH Measurements for 1988 4-16 4-6 Summary of Alkalinity and Hardness Measurements for 1988 4-17 4-7 Summary of Conductivity Measurements for 1988 4-18 4-8 Summary of Turbidity and Total Residual Chlorine Measurements for 1988 4-19 4-9 Summary of Copper Measurements for 1988 4-20 4-10 Summary of Nickel and Zinc Measurements for 1988 4-21 4-11 Summary of Iron and Lead Measurements for 1988 4-22 ~

of for

'-23 4-12 Summary Cadmium and Chromium Measurements 1988 4-13 Summary of Oil and Grease Measurements for 1988 4-24 4-14 Summary of Nitrate and Total Phosphorus Measurements for 1988 4-25 4-15 Summary of Orthophosphate and Sulfate Measurements for 1988 4-26 4-16 Summary of Total Dissolved and Total Suspended Solids Measurements for 1988 4-27 4-17 Quarterly Drinking Well Monitoring Measurements from January December 1988 4-28 I

5-1 Vascular Plants Observed During 1988 Field Work 5-12 5-2 Vascular Plants Observed During 1975-1988 Field Work 5-15 5-3 Herbac'eous Cover for Nine Sampling Stations-1988 5-19 0

~i~~fT ~l (Continued)

~Nag r 3I'Qlg 5-4 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1988 5-5 Mean Frequency Values V.) by Species for fach Sampling Station 1988 5-6 Mean Terrestrial Phytomass for 1988 5-7 Comparison of Herbaceous Phytomass for 1975 Through 1988 5-8 Summary of Shrub Oensity for 1988 5-9 Summary of Shrub Cover V.) at Five Stations for 1988 5-10 Summary of Soil Chemistry for 1988 5-11 Summary of Vegetation Chemistry for 1988

f F r WNP-2 Gross Thermal'roduction for 1988 1-2 WNP-2 Days Per Month Discharging and Mean Monthly Discharge 1-9 1-3 HNP-2 Location Map 1-10 1-4 Columbia River Mean Monthly Flow for 1988 2-1 WNP-2 Property Boundary 2-2 4-1 Location of Sampling Stations in the Columbia River 4-29 4-2 Sampling Station Locations for Hater Chemistry 4-30 4-3 Columbia River Temperature Measurements at Six Stations During 1988 4-31 4 4 Columbia River Dissolved Oxygen Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-32 4-5 Columbia River pH Measurements at Six Stations During 1988 4-33 Columbia River Total Alkalinity Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-34 Columbia River Conductivity Measurements at Six Stations During 1988 4-35 4-8 Columbia River Total Copper Measurements at Six Stations During 1988 4-36 4-9 Columbia River Total Zinc Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-37 4-10 Columbia River Total Iron Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-38 4-11 Columbia River Total Lead Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-39 4-12 Columbia River Total Hardness Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-40 4-13 Columbia River Nitrate Nitrogen Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-41 4-14 Columbia River Total Phosphorus Measurements at Four Stations During 1988 4-42

(Continued)

~N m~r Till 4-15 Columbia River Total Sulfate Measurements at Four Stations 4-43 During 1988 4-16 Columbia River Total Dissolved Solids Measurements at Four 4 44 Stations During 1988 4-17 Columbia River Total Suspended Solids Measurements at Four 4-45 Stations During 1988 4-18 Columbia River Turbidity Measurements at Four Stations 4-46 During 1988 5-1 Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map 5-29 5-2 Layout of Vegetation and Soil Sampling Plots 5-30 5-3 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1979 5-31 5-4 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1980 Through 1984 5-32 5-5 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1985 Through 1988 5-33 Mean (1.) Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1988 5-34 Mean Herbaceous Cover, Total Precipitation, and Mean 5-35 Temperature From 1982 Through 1988 5-8 Mean Herbaceous Phytomass for May 1988 5-36 5-9 Mean Herbaceous Phytomass at Grassland and Shrub Stations 5-37 for 1975 Through 1988 5-10 Mean Herbaceous'over and Phytomass for Station GOl for 5-38 1980 Through 1988 5-11 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G02 for 5-39 1980 Through 1988 5-12 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G03 for 5-40 1980 Through 1988 5-13 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G04 for 5-41 1980 Through 1988 5-14 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S01 for 1980 5-42 Through 1988

(Continued)

~No~ ~T~l 5-15 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S02 for 1980 5-43 Through 1988 5-16 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S03 for 1980 5-44 Through 1988 5-17 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S04 for 1980 5-45 Through 1988 5-18 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S05 for 1980 5-46 Through 1988 5-19 Shrub Density at Five Stations for 1980 Through 1988 5-47 5-20 Mean Total Shrub Cover for 1975 Through 1988 5-48 5-21 Shrub Cover and Density for Five Stations for 1988 5-49 5-22 Soil pH for 1980 Through 1983 5-50 5-23 Soil pH for 1984 through 1988 5-51 5-24 Soil Conductivity for 1980 Through 1983 5-52 5-25 Soil Conductivity for 1984 Through 1988 5-53 5-26 Soil Sulfate for 1980 Through 1983 5-54 5-27 Soil Sulfate for 1984 Through 1988 5-55 5-28 Soil Chloride for 1980 Through 1983 5-56 5-29 Soil Chloride for 1984 Through 1988 5-57 5-30 Soil Bicarbonate for 1980 Through 1983 5-58 5-31 Soil Bicarbonate for 1984 Through 1988 5-59 5-32 Soil Copper for 1980 Through 1983 5-60 5-33 Soil Copper for 1984 Through 1988 5-61 5-34 Soil Lead for 1980 Through 1983 5-62 5-35 Soil Lead for 1984 Through 1988 5-63 5-36 Soil Nickel for 1980 Through 1983 5-64 5-37 Soil Nickel for 1984 Through 1988 5-65 vi i i

(Continued)

~Nor T i i~1 5-38 Soil Cadmium for 1980 Through 1983 5-66 5-39 Soil Cadmium for 1984 Through 1988 5-67 5-40 Soil Zinc for 1980 Through 1983 5-68 5-41 Soil Zinc for 1984 Through 1988 5-69 5-42 Soil Chromium for 1980 Through 1983 5-70 5-43 Soil Chromium for 1984 Through 1988 5-71 5-44 Soil Sodium for 1980 Through 1983 5-72 5-45 Soil Sodium for 1984 Through 1988 5-73 5-46 Soil Potassium for 1980 Through 1983 5-74 5-47 Soil Potassium for 1984 Through 1988 5-75 5-48 Soil Calcium for 1980 Through 1983 5-76 5-49 Soil Calcium for 1984 Through 1988 5-77

'-50 Soil Magnesium for 1980 Through 1983 5-78 5-51 Soil Magnesium for 1984 Through 1988 5-79 5-52 Copper Concentration (ug/g) in by 5-80 Station for 1980 Through 1988 5-53 Copper Concentration (ug/g) in ~ by yt tl I I-bl

~~

1980 Through 1988 5-54 Copper Concentration (ug/g) in by 5-82 Station for 1980 Through 1988 5-55 C C t tl ( Ib) I "bl by Station 5-83 for 1980 Through 1988 5-56 bb t tt ( bi ) Ib) OIUL/JLh by bt tl 5-84 for 1980 Through 1988 5-57 Copper Concentration (ug/g) in for 1980 Through 1988

~Br ~ ~~rto by Station 5-85 Total Vegetation Copper for May 1988 5-86 ix

(Continued)

~Nor ~T1 5-59 Chloride Concentration (%) in 5g, by Station for 5-87 1980 Through 1988 5-60 Chl Id C t tl Cd) I ~l by 5-88 Station for 1980 Through 1988 5-61 Chloride Concentration for 1980 Through 1988

(%) in ~gj ~ by Station 5-89 5-62 Chloride Concentration (%) in L~~ by Station 5-90 for 1980 Through 1988 5-63 Chloride Concentration (%) in ~Br pm ~izzgg! by Station 5-91 for 1980 Through 1988 5-64 Chloride Concentration (%) in QQgZ by Station 5-92 for 1980 Through 1988 5-65 . Total Vegetation Chloride for May 1988 5-93 5-66 Total Vegetation Sulfate for May 1988 5-94 5-67 b (I t C t tl (I) I y dhmd)hyi( by tt tl for 1980 Through 1988 5-68 Sulfate Concentration (%) in ~Br isa; ~gZgm by Station for 1980 Through 1988 '-59 Chloride Concentration (%) in Dg, by Station for 5-87 1980 Through 1988 5-60 Chl Id Station for C t tl (I) I ~l bl'-88

~~

1980 Through 1988 5-61 Chloride Concentration (%) in by Station- 5-89 for 1980 Through 1988 5-62 Chloride Concentration for 1980 Through 1988

(%) in ~~ by Station 5-90 5-63 Chloride Concentration (%) in B~gim ~c3~rm by Station 5-91 for 1980 Through 1988 5-64 Chl for

\d C t 1980 Through 1988 I (I) \ h ~l\ ll bydtt\ 5-92 5-65 Total Vegetation Chloride for May 1988

(Continued)

~r ~TQp 5-66 Total Vegetation Sulfate for May 1988 5-94 5-67 Sulfate Concentrations (%) in ~P by Station 5-95 for 1980 Through 1988 5-68 Sulfate Concentration (%) in ~B Z ~gogo by Station 5-96 for 1980 Through 1988 5-69 Sulfate Concentration (%) in ~isa Station for 1980 Through 1988

~ by 5-97 5-70 Sulfate Concentration (%) in Le~ by Station 5-98 for 1980 Through 1988 5-71 Sulfate Concentration in QLllZ for 1980 Through 1988 by ttl 5-99 5-72 lift tfor Station t tl ltl 1980 Through 1988 by 5-100 5-73 Location Map of Cooling Tower Drift Monitoring Sites 5-101 5-74 Cooling Tower Drift Collection Vessel 5-102 Aerial Photography Flightlinesb 8-4

1.0 B R ND Washington Public Power Supply System (Supply System) began site prepa-ration for Nuclear Plant Number 2 (WNP-2) near Richland, Washington in March 1973. WNP-2 loaded fuel in December 1983, reached approximately 75 percent thermal load in November 1984, and began commercial opera-tion in December 1984.

The Site Certification Agreement (SCA) for WNP-2, executed on May 17, 1972, between the State of Washington and the Supply System requires that ecological monitoring be conducted during the preoperational and operational phases of site development and use. The Washington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC) approved a change in 1978 to the technical scope of environmental monitoring required by the SCA (EFSEC Resolution No. 132, January 23, 1978). In 1980, the aquatic and water quality portions of the preoperational monitoring program were terminated (EFSEC Resolution No. 166, March 24, 1980).

The following year the preoperational and operational terrestrial monitoring program scope for WNP-2 was modified (EFSEC Resolution No.

193, May 26, 1981). Prior to operation, the council reviewed the preoperational aquatic monitoring data and approved the operational monitoring program (EFSEC Resolution No. 214, November 8, 1982).

The Supply System in 1974 retained Battelle Pacific Northwest Labora-tories (BNW) to conduct the preoperational aquatic monitoring for WNP-2. The results of aquatic studies performed from September 1974 through August 1978 are presented in various reports (Battelle 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979a and 1979b). From August 1978 through March 1980 the aquatic studies were performed by Beak Consultants, Ines (Beak 1980).

In 1982 the Supply System analyzed the 1974-1980 aquatic data and presented the results and a recommended operational monitoring program to EFSEC (Mudge et. al., 1982). The operational program was accepted with minor modifications and initiated in March 1983. Because of

operational conditions, the plant did not consistently discharge liquid effluents until the fall of 1984. Figures 1-1 and 1-2 present summaries of electrical generation and monthly discharges for 1988.

Terrestrial monitoring was initiated in 1974 and was conducted by BNW until 1979 (Rickard and Gano, 1976, 1977, 1979a, 1979b). Beak Consultants, Inc. performed the vegetation monitoring program from 1980-1982 (Beak 1981, 1982a, 1982b). Since 1983, Supply System scientists have been responsible for the vegetation aspects of the ,

program (Northstrom et. al. 1984; Supply System 1985, 1986, 1987).

During 1981 the animal studies program was taken over by Supply System scientists and results were reported annually (Schleder 1982, 1983, 1984; Supply System 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988). The first comprehensive operational environmental, report was prepared by Supply System scientists in 1984 (Supply System 1985).

During their regular meeting of September 14, 1987 the Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council approved Resolution No. 239 which adopted a f~

long-term environmental Monitoring Program for WNP-2. This decision was based upon the council's examination of the document titled ~~w' nvir m n rin r m fr WNP- wi m

. (Davis and Northstrom, 1987). A sum-mary of the monitoring program conducted through September 1987, and the long term program adopted in EFSEC Resolution No. 239 is presented in Table 1-1.

This report presents the results of the Ecological Monitoring Program (EMP) for the period January 1988 through December 1988.

1. 2 ~E~I~

The WNP-2 plant site is located 19 km (12 miles) north of Richland, Washington in Benton County (Figure 1-3). The Supply System has leased 441 hectares (1089 acres> from the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site for WNP-2.

1-2

WNP-2 lies within the boundaries of the Columbia Basin, an extensive area south of the Columbia River between the Cascade Range and Blue Mountains in Oregon and approximately two thirds of the area lying east of the Cascades in Washington. The plant communities within the region are described as shrub-steppe communities consisting of various layers of perennial grasses overlayed by a discontinuous layer of shrubs. In general, moisture relations do not support arborescent species, except along streambanks. Aproximately 5 km (3.25 miles) to the east, the site is bounded by the Columbia River. In August of 1984 a range fire destroyed much of the shrub cover which occupied the site and temporarily modified the shrub-steppe associations which were formerly present.

The aquatic and water quality sampling stations are located near the west bank of the Columbia River at mile 352. Sampling was limited to the main channel Benton County side which, near the site, averages 370 meters (1200 feet) wide at a river elevation of 105 meters (345 feet) above sea level and ranges to 7.3 meters (24'eet) deep. Sampling stations have been established in the river both upstream and down-I stream from the plant intake and discharge structures. The river-level in this area fluctuates considerably diurnally and from day-to-day in response to release patterns at the Priest Rapids Dam (River Mile 397). These fluctuations cause large areas of river bottom to be alternately exposed and covered. The river bottom within the study area varies from exposed Ringold conglomerate to boulders, cobble, gravel, and sand. River velocities at the surface average approxi-mately 2 meters (5 to 6 feet) per second in this area of the river, and water temperature varies from approximately 0 to 22'C.

The flow of the Columbia River at WNP-2 is controlled by releases from Priest Rapids Dam. The minimum flow, measured at the USGS stream-quality station located at river mile 388.1 near the Vernita bridge, was 28,300 cfs, while average and maximum flows in 1988 were 99,839 cfs and 230,000 cfs, respectively (Figure 1-4).

1-3

The terrestrial sampling locations are all within an 8 km (5 mile) radius from HNP-2. The topography is flat to gently rolling, gradually increasing from an elevation of 114 meters (375 feet) at the riparian sampling locations to approximately 152 meters (500 feet) at more distant shrubgrass sample stations.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1976. Aquatic ecological studies conducted near HNP-1, 2, and 4, September 1974 through September 1975. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 2.

Richland, WA, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1977. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-1, 2, and 4, October 1975 through February 1976.

Supply System Columbia River Ecology Studies Vol. 3. Richland, WA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1978. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, March through December 1976. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 4. Richland, HA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1979a. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, March through December 1977.'upply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 5. Richland, HA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1979b. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, January through August 1978. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 6. Richland, WA.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1980. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-1, 2, and 4, August 1978 through March 1980. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 7. Portland, OR.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1981. Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4, May through December 1980. Portland, OR.

1-4

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1982a. Terrestrial monitoring 'studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, May through December 1981. Portland, OR.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1982b. Preoperational terrestrial monitoring studies near HNP-1, 2, and 4, May through August 1982. Portland, OR.

Davis, H. III and T.E. Northstrom. 1987. Review of the environmental monitoring program for HNP-1 with recommendations for design of con-tinuing studies. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.

Mudge, J.E., T,B, Stables, H. Davis III. 1982. Technical review of the aquatic monitoring program of WNP-2. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland WA, Northstrom, T.E, J.L. Hickam and T.B. Stables. 1984. Terrestrial monitoring studies for 1983. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, HA.

Rickard, H.H. and K.A, Gano. 1976. Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for the period July 1974 to June 1975. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

Rickard, H.H. and K.A. Gano. 1977. Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1976. Battelle Pacific North-west Laboratories, Richland, WA.

Rickard, H.H. and K.A. Gano. 1979a. Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1977. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

1-5

Rickard, W.H. and K.A. Gano. 1979b. Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1978. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

Schleder, L.S. 1982. Preoperational animal studies near HNP-l, 2 and

4. Annual report for 1981. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, HA.

Schleder, L,S. 1983. Preoperational animal studies near. HNP-l, 2 and

4. Annual report for 1982. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.

Schleder, L.S. 1984. Preoperational animal studies near WNP-1, 2 and

4. Annual report for 1983. Washington Publi.c Power Supply System, Richland, HA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1985. Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual report for 1984.

Richland, WA, Washington Public Power Supply System. 1986. Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual report for 1985.

Richland, HA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1987. Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual report for 1986.

Richland, HA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1988. Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual Report for 1987.

Richland, WA, 1-6

Tabl e 1-1. Summary of Historical and Long Term Environmental Honitoring Programs for WNP-2

$ yy~ifi ~Pr ~m i ri 1Pr rm Pr r rm Asiatic clam inspections in These inspections will continue based upon response to an NRC information our technical response to Inspection and bulletin. Enforcement Bulletin 81-03.

Water guality Program Samples are collected at 4 Continue with slight modifications to the stations; an upstream control, of the nearfield and downstream 'ocation nearfield just downstream of station. Add vertical samples to the discharge, just past the end of station at the edge of the mixing zone and the mixing zone, and 1800 feet increase sampling for copper, the best tracer downstream of the discharge. of the discharge which we have identified.

Terrestrial Annimal Program Deer and Rabbits - Six plots were Terminated 1987 reduced to three as the result of fire.

Birds Spring and fall surveys Terminated 1987 are conducted.

Terrestrial Soil and Vegetation and soil samples are Continue with the addition of six new sites.

Vegetation collected each spring at four Discontinue fluoride and mercury measure-glassland and 5 shrubland sites. ments.

Aerial Photography - Currently Initiate annual program to assess changes not performed. in vegetation.

Terrestri al Bi oassays - None Conduct bioassays on selected plant species conducted. utilizing soil exposed to cooling tower drift. Initially conduct the bioassays annually.

~ ooling Tower Drift Indirect drift information from Develop a program to directly monitor the vegetation and soil chemistry pattern and chemistry of the cooling data. tower drift.

Aquatic Biology Program Periphyton Collected quarterly Terminated 1987 or twice quarterly from 16 artificial sampler stations in the Columbia River.

Benthic Hacrofauna - Collected Terminated 1987 quarterly from 8 artificial sampler stations in the Columbia River, Fish Four static bioassays were Conduct flow through bioassays.

required by EFSEC. Additional bioassays have been performed to support chanqes in chemistry of the circulating water.

Drift studies in the discharge Regulatory commitment has been completed.

plume. No further studies are proposed.

Entrainment studies in the intake Regulatory commitment has been completed.

water pumphouse. No further studies are proposed.

Impingement studi es. Regulatory comni tment has been completed.

No further studies are proposed; however, incidental observations will be made when maintenance inspections of the intakes are conducted.

1-7

3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 o~ 200 So 175 5 1.50 g CA Pg ~

1.25 cn 1.00

~ 75

.50

.25 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure l-l. HNP-2 Gross Thermal Production for 1988

0 31 30 30 29 28 2T DAYS 2T 28 GPD 25 24 23 22 21 K 21 CD CD CD 18 18 ~ cD 17 m',; 15 I~

cn~

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Figure 1-4. Columbia River'ean Monthly Flow for 1988

2.0 BE VRN NTL B 2.1 NT D I Any occurrence of an unusual or notable event that indicates or could result in a significant environmental impact causally related to plant operation shall be recorded and reported to the NRC within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> followed by a written report. The following are examples: excessive bird impaction events, onsite plant or animal disease outbreaks, mortality or unusual occurrence of any species protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, fish kills, increase in nuisance organisms or conditions, and a significant, unanticipated or emergency discharge of waste water or chemical substances, 2.2 ~ET ~D Weekly ground surveys were conducted from January 1st through December 31st to document the occurrence of unusual species or events within the property boundary of WNP-2 (Figure 2.1). Additional information was supplied by security and environmental personnel.

2. 3 le!'~(j There were no unusual environmental impacts from the operation of WNP-2.

observations included, sightings of Swan).

There Also sighted were no was a f1 ).

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or notable events which resulted in significant Columbia Whitetai1 deer.

unanticipated or emergency discharges Notable avian

~@~~ (Ferruginous hawk),

i (T pt of water or wastewater during the reporting period.

2-1

o' ASHE SUBSTATION ROAD SECURITY FIRING RANGE ROAD H.J. ASHE RANGE SUBSTATION I II O

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O figure 2-1. WNP-2 PROPERTY BOUNDARY 871032.4 FEB 1988

30 F BI

'UUXIIM In response to the requirements specified in Condition G34 of'he NNP-2 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit and Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC)""Resolution No. 214 (January, 1983), several fish bioassays were performed between October 1984 and November 1985. Various concentrations of recirculating cool-ing water (plant effluent) were tested using a 96 hour0.00111 days <br />0.0267 hours <br />1.587302e-4 weeks <br />3.6528e-5 months <br /> static bioassay format. No fish mortalities were observed at any concentration (including 100% effluent) during any of the tests.

As part of the long term environmental monitoring program approved with the adoption of EFSEC Resolution No. 239 (September, 1987), the Supply System committed to conduct improved bioassays utilizing a 96 hour0.00111 days <br />0.0267 hours <br />1.587302e-4 weeks <br />3.6528e-5 months <br /> flow-through procedure. In addition, EFSEC Resolution No. 240 (December, 1987) established an approval process for new circulating f

water additives in which flow-through bioassay testing may be required. Each resolution requires an 801. survival rate in 100'/

effluent water.

An appropriate flow-through design was developed in September, 1988 and included proposed modifications to the existing facility and installation of a temperature conditioning unit. Upon completion, the bioassay system will provide full temperature control of both tower makeup water (Columbia Rivier) and tower blowdown water (plant efflu-ent). It establishes a test temperature of 12 C and will enable bioassay experiments to be conducted on a year-round basis.

Two types of flow-through bioassays have been identified for use by the Supply System, Plant Effluent Characterization and Chemical Additive Toxicant Characterization. A Plant Effluent Characteri-zation Bioassay will be used to determine if HNP-2's effluent is 3-1

acutely toxic to a test species. This test specifically addresses the requirements of EFSEC Resolution No. 239. A chemical additive toxi-cant characterization bioassay is an acute test'intended to allow calculation of an LC50 of proposed new chemical additives in WNP-2 circulating water. This test is designed to respond to the require-ments established in EFSEC Resolution No. 240.

~

Two plant effluent characterization bioassays have been tentatively scheduled for fall, 1989 (chinook salmon) and Spring, 1990 (steelhead trout). Performance of the Fall, 1989 test hinges directly on the ability to acquire system components in a timely manner (some items have extens'ive lead times for manufacturing and delivery, i.e., tem-perature control valves) so that final installation and proper unit testing can be completed prior to initiating the bioassay. A Washington Department of Fisheries permit, for use of chinook salmon smolts from the Ringold hatchery, was received on February 6, 1989.

This permit applies only to the fall test.

Presently, there are no chemical additive toxicant characterization bioassays scheduled. A description of this type of system will not be included in this report.

3.2 The flow-through bioassay generally adheres to the procedures set forth in Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Hater, 1985; ASTM Standard Practice Nos. E-729-88 and E-1192-88; and the Bioassay Procedure Manual for HNP-3/5 established January 1982.

Specific methodology is provided in Environmental Programs Instruc-tion, EPI 13.2.11 entitled "WNP-2 Aquatic Bioassays" (Washington Public Power Supply System, 1989).

Fish obtained for testing will be acclimatized in a 2000-liter capac-ity holding tank for at least 14 days prior to testing, The water temperature of the holding tank will be maintained at 12'C

+/-1'-2

by the temperature conditioning unit. Fish will be fed the food used by the Hashington Department of Fisheries or Game (i.e., Oregon Moist Pellets). Food size and feeding rates will be based on fish size.

Fish wi 11 not be fed for 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> prior to handling or during the acute bioassay.

The bioassay system will consist of six test aquaria placed in one water bath table. The system will include three control (100/.

Columbia River water) and three test (100/. plant effluent) aquaria.

Aquaria flow rates will be maintained at a minimum of 1 liter/minute/

aquarium. The water temperatur'e in the aquaria and water bath table will be controlled by the temperature conditioning unit and will be maintained at 12'C +/-1'.

At the beginning of each test, the system will be operated until at least two volume exchanges have occurred in the aquaria. Fish will be distributed in a stratified random manner to the aquaria with a maxi-mum aquarium loading of 1440 grams or 1 g./liter/24 hours. Fish will be acclimatized in the aquaria at 100/. dilution water (Columbia River) for at least 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> prior to toxicant introduction. All aquaria wi 11 be monitored for mortalities at least twice a day.

The bioassay will be stopped if mortalities exceed 1/ during the 48 hour5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> acclimitization period or 101. in the control aquaria during the 96 hour test.

Temperature will be monitored continuously in both control (Columbia River) and toxicant (plant effluent) head boxes.

At least daily, during the bioassay, in-situ water measurements will 0 be performed including temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conduc-tivity on the river, control and toxicant head boxes, and each aquar-ium. Daily, during the bioassay, a random grab water sample will be collected from the river, control and toxicant head boxes, and each aquarium and analyzed for calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, 3-3

fluoride, magnesium, ammonia-N, nitrate-N, sulfate, ortho-phosphate, alkalinity, total copper, dissolved copper, labile copper, total zinc, total phosphorus, and tolyltriazole. In addition, at the beginning and end of each bioassay, grab water samples from the river, control and toxicant head boxes, and each aquarium wi 11 be collected and analyzed for total chromium, total iron, total cadmium, total lead, and total nickel. In the same aquaria at the beginning of each bio-assay a grab sample wi 11 be analyzed for total residual chlorine, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids.

All water samples will be collected, stored and analyzed per Environ-mental Programs Laboratory Instruction Procedures. (These procedures adhere to the requirements put forth by Standard Methods (1985), EPA (1983), and ASTM.)

Fork lengths and wet weights will be determined on the control fish at the end of the bioassay. All fish surviving the bioassay will be released to the Columbia River within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.

3.3 American Public Health Association, 1985. Standard Methods For the Examination of Hater and Hastewater. Fifteenth Edition.

Nashington, DC.

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988. Standard Practice for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians. Designation E 729-88.

Philadelphia, PA.

American Society for Testing and Materials, 1988. Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Effluents with Fishes, Macro-invertebrates, and Amphibians. Designation E1192-88. Philadelphia, PA.

3-4

Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.

Washington Public Power Supply System, 1982. Bioassay Procedure Manual for HNP-3/5. Richland, Washington.

Washington Public Power Supply System, 1986. Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2, 1985 Annual Report. Richland, Washington.

Washington Public Power Supply System, 1989. NNP-2 Aquatic Bioassays. Environmental Programs Instruction 13.2.11.

Richland, HA.

Washington Public Power Supply System, 1989. Environmental Programs Laboratory Instruction Procedures. Richland, WA.

3-5

The water quality monitoring program was initiated in April 1983 to document the chemical character of the Columbia River in the vicinity of the WNP-2 discharge. The monitoring data is used to assess if chemical changes in the Columbia River result from WNP-2 cooling tower blowdown. The original program was performed to comply with EFSEC Resolution No. 214.

On September 14, 1987 EFSEC Resolution No. 239 was passed establishing a long-term monitoring program for WNP-2. As a result, the locations of two sampling stations were modified in an attempt to more effec-tively monitor WNP-2's discharge. In addition, two new stations were added to sample water at mid depth and bottom locations. The new pro-gram c'ommenced with the January 1988 sampling period.

~ 4.2 MATE IAL AND METH D Columbia River surface water was sampled monthly January 1988 through December 1988. Samples were collected near River Mile 352 from four stations numbered 1, 7, 11, and 8 (Figure 4-1, 4-2). Station 1 is upstream of the WNP-2 intake and discharge and represents a control.

Station 7 was moved to the center of the mixing zone approximately 45 meters (150 feet) downstream of the discharge and provides a measure of nearfield discharge effects. Station 11 at 91 meters (300 feet) downstream from the discharge represents the extremity of the mixing zone allowed by WNP-2's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Sub-stations llM and llB are new stations and sample water from middle and bottom depths, respectively. Station 8 is approximately 568 meters (1870 feet) downstream from the discharge and represents a location where the discharge is well mixed in the Columbia River. This station was moved from its original location to a site more towards the center of the river in an effort to ensure that samples are collected from the discharge plume.

The samples were analyzed for temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, filterable residue (total dissolved solids), nonfilterable residue (total sus-pended solids), ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, sulfate, oil and grease, total residual chlorine, total copper, total iron, total zinc, total nickel, total lead, total cadmium and total chromium. A summary of, water quality parameters, stations and sample frequencies is presented in Table 4-1.

4.2.1 m Columbia River samples were collected by boat approximately 300 feet from the Benton County shore. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH were determined in-, situ with portable instruments. Water for total metal analyses was collected in one-liter polypropylene cubitainers and kept on ice until delivered to the Supply System's Environmental Programs Laboratory (EPL). Water for total copper analysis from Stations llH and llB were collected in 125 ml nalgene bottles with an All-Teflon pump and Tygon tubing. In the laboratory the metals sam-ples were acidified to 0.51. with concentrated nitric acid. Determina-tions for filterable residue, non-filterable residue, conductivity, sulfate, total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total residual chlorine, turbidity, total alkalinity and total hardness were made on water samples collected in 3.8-liter polypropylene cubitainers and kept on ice until delivered to the Supply System's Radiological Services Laboratory (RSL). Water for oil and grease 'nalysis was skimmed from the surface into solvent rinsed borosilicate glass bottles. After collection, samples were placed on ice and transported to the RSL for analysis.

4-2

4.2.2

~ ~

Surface temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements were made using a Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) Model 57 meter. Temperature was recorded to within 0.1'C after the probe had been allowed to equili-brate in the river for a minimum of one minute. The field probe was calibrated monthly, against an NBS-traceable thermometer in the laboratory.

The DO meter was air-calibrated prior to each field sample date per

~ manufacturer's instruction. In addition, Hinkler DO measurements were made every month and results were compared to the field probe.

Conductivity measurements were made with an IBM Model EC105-lA meter.

Prior to each sample date, measurements of conductivity standards were performed, pH measurements were made with an IBM Model EC105-2A portable pH meter.

Prior to each use the instrument was calibrated using pH standards of 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0, If necessary, the probes were adjusted to within 0.1 unit of the standards.

4.2.3 Total copper, total zinc, total iron, total nickel, total lead, total cadmium and total chromium were determined by Supply System Environ-mental Programs personnel. The remaining analyses were performed by Supply System's Radiological Services personnel, Sample holding times followed those recommended by the U.ST Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 1983). Analyses were performed per USEPA (1983) approved methods (Table 4-2).

4-3

Columbia River temperatures varied seasonally with a minimum tempera-ture of 3.0'C at all stations on February 10th and a maximum of 18.3'C at Stations llM and llB on August 16 (Table 4-3). River temperatures measured in 1988 are presented graphically in Figure 4-3.

432 i lv The mean and range of DO measurements for each sample station are presented in Table 4-4. Columbia River DO concentrations ranged from 8.0 mg/1 at Station 8 in October to 15.1 mg/1 at Stations 11 and 8 in January. The mean DO concentrations ranged from 11.2 mg/1 at Station 8 to 11.5 mg/1 at Station 7. The largest interstation difference in DO occurred between Station 1 (8.8 mg/1) and Station 7 (10.7 mg/1) in October.

DO concentrations were inversely related to river temperature as would be expected from solubility laws. DO levels were never below the 8 mg/1 water quality standard for Class A waters (WDOE 1982) indicating good water quality with respect to dissolved oxygen throughout the year. Dissolved oxygen measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-4.

4 '.3 Columbia River mean pH values ranged from 7.83 at Station 7 to 7.93 at Station 8 (Table 4-5). pH varied with a measured minimum of 7.27 at Station 7 in December to a maximum of 8.32 at Station 8 in Hay. The variation in pH between sample stations is small. The largest differ-ence of 0.57 standard units occurred between Station 1 (pH 7.66) and Stations 11M and 8 (pH 8.23) in April.

4-4

The pH water quality standard for Class A waters is from 6.5 to 8.5 (WDOE 1982). Measurements for all stations were within this range.

pH measurements, presented graphically in Figure 4-5, generally agree with historical data for the Columbia River (Silker 1964).

The alkalinity of a water is a measure of its capacity to neutralize acids and is generally due to the presence of carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, silicates, borates, and hydroxides. Columbia River alka-linities ranged from 50.0 to 67.5 mg/1 as calcium carbonate (Table 4-6). The greatest interstation differences occurred in January and February between Station ll (60.0 mg/1) and Station 8 (65.0 mg/1), and between Station 8 (60.0 mg/1) and all other stations (65.0 mg/1),

respectively. The alkalinity measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-6.

4 3 4 GankuMh~&

t.

Conductivity is a measure of the ionic content of a solution. Columbia River conductivity measurements ranged from 115.7 uS/cm at 25'C at Station 11M in June to 191.8 uS/cm at 25'C at Station 118 in December-(Table 4-7). Station mean conductivities ranged from 141.0 uS/cm at 25'C at Station 11M to 148.2 uS/cm at 25'C at Station 7. The largest difference in conductivity (i.e. 19.3 uS/cm) occurred between Station 8 (156,1 uS/cm) and Station 11M (137.8 uS/cm) on February 10, 1988.

The conductivity results are very comparable to those reported in earlier studies of the Columbia River (Si lker 1964). The measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-7.

4.3.5 ~Tel R i 1 hl r Total residual chlorine (TRC) measurements for 1988 were less than the measured detection limit of 50 ug/1 (Table 4-8).

TRC measurements were made using the Amperometric Titration Method.

This method has a detection limit of 50 ug/l.

4-5

4.3.6 Columbia River mean total copper values ranged from 1.0 ug/1 at Station 7 to 1.4 ug/1 at Station llM (Table 4-9). Individual copper.

measurements ranged from 0.5 ug/1 to 2.7 ug/1. The largest interstation difference in copper (2.1 ug/1) occurred between Station 1 (2.7 ug/1) and Station 8 (0.6 ug/1) in November. Our copper results show good agreement with earlier studies. In 1962, Si lker (1964) analyzed 27 Columbia River samples collected upstream of WNP-2 and reported a mean. copper concentration of 4.3 ug/1. Neutron activation analysis of Columbia River water was done in 1968-1969 by Cushing and Rancitelli (1972). They reported a mean copper concentration of 1.4 ug/1. Florence and Batley (1977) state that total copper concentra-tions in the range of 0.3 3.0 ug/1 are found in many unpolluted fresh-water rivers throughout the world. The Hanford reach of the Columbia River would generally be in that category.

1 n Mean total zinc measurements ranged from 7.3 ug/1 at Station 8, to 7.6 ug/1 at Station 7 (Table 4-10). Individual zinc measurements ranged from 3.3 ug/1 at Station 8 to 13.2 ug/1 at Station ll. The greatest interstation difference (3.0 ug/1) occurred between Station 7 (9.0 ug/1) and Station 11 (12.0 ug/1) in July, and between Station ll (5.0 ug/1) and all other stations (8.0 ug/1) in August. The average zinc measurements for the present study are lower than the 18.2 and 14.0 ug/1 mean zinc concentrations reported by Silker (1964) and Cushing and Rancitelli (1972).

T 1 Ir Columbia River mean iron concentrations ranged from 57.1 ug/1 at Station 11 to 61.7 ug/1 at Station 8 (Table 4-11). The greatest inter-station difference in concentration of 22 ug/1 occurred between Station 7 (82.0 ug/1) and Station 8 (104.0 ug/1) in May.

4-6

Mean total nickel concentrations ranged from 1.1 ug/1 to 1.7 ug/1 (Table 4-10). Nickel concentrations showed little variation through time or between sample locations.

Mean total lead concentrations ranged from 0.9 ug/1 at Station 11 to 1.3 ug/1 at Station 8 (Table 4-11). The greatest interstation differ-ence (2.8 ug/1) occurred between Station 7 (1.1 ug/1) and Station 1 (3.9 ug/1) in February.

T 1 Mean cadmium concentrations were fairly low and ranged from 0.1 ug/1 at Stations ll and 8 to 0.2 ug/1 at Stations 1 and 7 (Table 4-12).

Several individual measurements were below the minimum detection limit of 0.1 ug/1. No significant interstation differences were evident.

Chromium concentrations averaged 0.2 ug/1 at all stations (Table 4-12).

The greatest interstation difference (0.5 ug/1) occurred between Station ll (0.1 ug/1) and Station 8 (0.6 ug/1) in March.

Total copper, total zinc, total iron, and total lead measurements are presented graphically in Figures 4-8, 4-9, 4-10 and 4-11, respectively.

4.3. 7 ~Hri~n Hardness indicates the quantity of divalent metallic cations present in the system, principally calcium and magnesium ions. Hardness ranged from 53.0 to 74.0 mg/1 as calcium carbonate (Table 4-6). Mean hardness values ranged from 62.9 mg/1 at Station 8 to 64.2 mg/1 at Station 11.

The hardness measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-12.

4-7

4.3.8 1 Oil and grease values were below the detection limit of 0.5 mg/1 for all stations and periods except Station 11 during December in which 0.90 mg/1 was recorded. Oil and grease measurements are summarized in Table 4-13

'.3.

9 ~m~n~N Ammonia and nitrate are forms of nitrogen commonly found. in water systems. Both nitrate and ammonia are assimilated by plants and con-verted to proteins. Common sources of nitrate and ammonia to the aquatic system are breakdown of organic matter in the soil, industrial discharges, fertilizers and septic tank leachate.

Ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg-N/1 (Table 4-13).

Nitrate concentrations ranged from a low of 0.10 mg-N/1 at Station 8 in September to a high of 0.80 at all stations in February. Mean station concentrations were similar ranging from 0.30 mg-N/1 at Station ll to 0.33 at Station 1. The nitrate measurements are sum-marized in Table 4-14. The nitrate measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-13.

4.3.10 3g Phosphorus is a required nutrient for plant growth and, while found in certain minerals, is commonly added to streams through fertilizers, treated sewage, and septic tank leachate.

Measured total phosphorus concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 0.05 mg-P/1 with mean values of 0.02 to 0.03 mg-P/1 (Table 4-14). Ortho-phosphorus concentrations followed a similar pattern and ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 mg-P/1 (Table 4-15). Mean concentrations were 0,02 mg-P/1, Total phosphorus measurements are presented graphically in Figures 4-14.

4-8

Mean sulfate concentrations ranged from 11.4 mg/1 at Station 8 to 12.5 mg/1 at Stations 7 and 11 (Table 4-15). Individual sulfate measure-ments ranged from 9.0 to 16.0 mg/1. Generally, sulfate concentrations between stations were similar with the largest difference of 4.5 mg/1 occurring in November between Stations 7 and 8. Sulfuric acid is added at HNP-2 to control circulating water pH and a by-product is sulfate. Based on the river measurements, NNP-2 discharges are not appreciably altering river sulfate concentrations. Total sulfate measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-15.

4.3.12 Di lv li T Tri Total dissolved solids or total filterable residue, TDS, is defined as that portion of the total residue that passes'hrough a glass fiber filter and remains after ignition at 180'C for one hour. Total dis-solved solids do not necessarily represent only the dissolved constit-uents but may also include colloidal materials and some small particulates. The mean TDS measured in the Columbia River varied from 83.7 mg/1 at Station 8 to 86.5 mg/1 at Station 1 (Table 4-16). There were no consistent differences in TDS concentrations between stations or through time.

Total suspended solids (TSS) or total nonfilterable residue is the material retained on a standard glass fiber filter after filtration of a well-mixed sample. TSS concentrations were generally low and varied from 0.6 to 8.2 mg/1 (Table 4-16). Mean TSS concentrations ranged from 2.9 mg/1 at Station 1 to 3.1 mg/1 at all remaining stations.

Turbidity is a measure of the suspended matter that interferes with the passage of light through water. In the Columbia River, measured turbidities were low and ranged from 0.50 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) to 1.50 NTU (Table 4-8). Total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and turbidity data are presented graphically in Figures 4-16, 4-17, and 4-18.

4 9

4.3.13 Qgy The results of the 1988 quarterly drinking well water analyses for pH, alkalinity, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus and orthophosphorus are presented in Table 4-17. pH values ranged from 7.22 to 8.44 which are slightly lower than river pH measurements (Table 4-5). The other parameters are comparable to river measurements and have the following value ranges: alkalinity, 30.0-70.0 mg/1; nitrate-nitrogen, 0.21 0.52 mg/1; total-phosphorus, 0.006 0.019 (mg/1); and ortho-phosphorus, 0.002 . 0.013 (mg/1).

4.4 DI On nearly all sampling periods, significant interstation differences could not be detected for any of the measured parameters.

The relocation of Station 7 may have eliminated sampling inconsis-tancies produced by the surging effect of the discharge plume; as was reported for several sampling periods during 1986. However, results for 1988 compare favorably with results from 1987 in which the prev-ious location for Station 7 was utilized and no surging effects were reported'he reduced blowdown (discharge) volume resulting from WNP-2 operating at higher circulating water cycles of concentration is probably a significant contributor to this phenomenon. (See 1987 Annual Report for a discussion on operating cycles.)

Results for Stations llH & 118 were consistant with surface measure-ments and generally indicate that the discharge plume is well mixed and uniform in its vertical dispersion as it exits the mixing zone.

Overall, it appears that, with respect to all the measured parameters sampled under the operating conditions prevailing during 1988, WNP-2 cooling water discharge had little effect upon Columbia River water quality. All measurements taken were within the water quality stan-dards for class A waters both above and below the mixing zone.

4-10

.5 ~P Cushing, C.E., and L.A. Rancitelli. 1972. Trace element analyses of Columbia River water and phytoplankton. Northwest Science 46(2):115-121.

~

Florence, T.M. and G.E. Batley. 1977. Determination of the chemical forms of trace metals in natural waters with special reference to, copper, lead, cadmium and zinc. Talanta 24:151-158.

Silker, H.B. 1964. Variations in elemental concentrations in the Columbia River. Limnol. Oceanogr. 9:540-545.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.

Washington Department of Ecology. 1988. Hater Quality Standards for Surface Haters of the State of Washington. Water Quality Planning Office of Hater Programs. Olympia, WA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1987, Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual 'Report for 1986.

Richland, HA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1988. Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual Report for 1987.

Richland, HA.

4-11

equality Table 4-1. Summary of Water Parameters, Stations, and Sampling Frequencies, 1988 Wells in Stations Vicinity of Parameter 11 11H & 118 Plant Site +

()uantity (flow)

Temperature Oissolved Oxygen pH Turb i di ty Total Alkalinity Filterable Residue (Total Dissolved Solid)

Nonfilterable Residue (Suspended Solids) H Conductivity H Iron (Total) H Copper (Total) M MA*

Nickel (Total) H Zinc (Total) H Lead (Total) M Cadmium (Total) H Chromium (Total) M Sulfate M Ammonia Nitrogen H Nitrate Nitrogen H Ortho Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Oil and Grease Chlorine, Total Residual Hardness Xzmbtt.UhX M = Honthly

() = ()uarterly

+ Samples will be collected if wells are being used for drinking water.

- Analysis not required

• " Samples taken in triplicate 4-12

Table 4-2. Summary of Water Quality Parameters and EPA Method Number EPA Method Parameter Number Water Temperature ('C) 170.1 Turbidity, (NTU) 180.1 Conductivity (umhos/cm) at 25'C 120.1 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1) probe 360.1 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1) Modified Winkler 360.2 pH (Standard Unit) 150.1 Total Alkalinity (mg/1 as CaC03) 310.1 Total Hardness (mg/1 as CaC03) 130.2 Oil and Grease (mg/1) 413.2 Nitrogen, Ammonia, Total (mg/1 as N) 350.2 Nitrate Nitrogen, Total (mg/1 as N) 352,. 1 Total Phosphorus (mg/1 as P) 365.2 Ortho Phosphorus (mg/1 as P) 365.2 Sulfate (mg/1 as S04) 375.4 Total Copper (ug/1 as Cu) 220.1, 220.2 Total Iron (ug/1 as Fe) 236.1, 236.2 Total Nickel (ug/1 as Ni) 249.1, 249.2 Total Zinc (ug/1 as Zn) 289.1, 289.2 Total Lead (ug/1 as P6) 239.1, 239.2 Total Cadmium (ug/1 as Cd) 213.1, 213.2 Total Chromium (ug/1 as Cr) 218.1, 218.2 Total Residual Chlorine (ug/1) 330.1 Filterable Residue: Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1) 160.1 Non-Filterable Residue: Total Suspended Solids (mg/1) 160.2 4-13

Table 4-3. Summary of Temperature Measurements for 1988.

Temperature (Degrees C)

Sample Date 11 11M 11B 01/27/88 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5 02/10/88 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 03/09/88 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 04/06/88 6.5 6.5 6.5 7.0 6.9 6.7 05/12/88 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.9 11.2 10.5 06/22/88 16.5 16.5 16.5 16.9 17.1 16.5 07/13/88 16.5 16.5 16.5 17.0 17.1 16.5 08/16/88 18.1 18.1 18.1 18.3 18.3 18.1 09/30/88 16.8 16.8 16.8 17.1 16.7 16.8 10/19/88 16.0 16.0 16.0 15.9 15.9 16.0 11/28/88 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.7 10.5 10.0 12/14/88 8.2 8.3 8.2 8.4 8.2 8.2 Mean 10.8 10,8 10.8 11.1 11.1 10.8 SD 5.5 5,5 5.54 5.59 5.59 5.52 Maximum 18.1 18.1 18.1 18.3 18.3 18.1 Minimum 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 4-14

Table 4-4. Summary of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements for 1988.

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)

Sample Date , 11M 11B 01/27/88 14.6 14.7 15.1 15.1 02/10/88 13.2 13.1 12.9 12.9 03/09/88 13.0 12.9 12.8 12.8 04/06/88 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 05/12/88 13.4 13.3 13.6 13.2 06/22/88 10.4 11.6 11.2 10.7 07/13/88 10.0 9.8 9.8 9.8 08/16/88 10.9 10.6 10.8 10.6 09/30/88 9.6 9.4 8.2 8.8 10/19/88 8.8 10.7 10.5 8.0 11/28/88 9.6 9.2 9.3 9.5 12/14/88 10.4 10.4 10,4 10.5 Mean 11.3 11.5 11.4 11.2 SD 1.77 1.67 1.88 1.98 Maximum 14.6 14.7 15.1 15.1 Minimum 8.8 9.2 8.2 8.0 4-15

Table 4-5. Summary of pH Measurements for 1988.

pH Sample Date llH 118

~

01/27/88 8.01 7.83 7.95 7.94 7.88 8.02 02/10/88 8.21 8.21 8.15 8.15 8.17 8.08 03/09/88 7.60 7.58 7.63 7.62 7.64 7.68 04/06/88 7.66 8.12 8 '6 8.23 8.15 8.23 05/12/88 8.12 8.21 8.22 8.29 8.29 8.32 06/22/88 8.17 7.84 7.93 8.08 7.91 8.16 07/13/88 8.17 8.10 8.09 8.15 8.14 8.17 08/16/88 8.09 8.10 8.09 8.01 8.02 8.14 09/30/88 7.62 7.80 7.80 7.76 7.78 7.72 10/19/88 7.51 7.52 7,57 7.53 7.55 7.54 11/28/88 7.53 7.35 7.50 7:38 7.54 7.59 12/14/88 7.49 7.27 7.42 7.62 7.53 7.47 Mean 7.85 7.83 7.88 7.90 7.88 7.93 SD 0.29 0.32 0.27 0.29 0.26 0.29 Maxi mum 8.21 8.21 8.22 8.29 8.29 8.32 Minimum 7.49 7.27 7,42 7.38 7.53 7.47 4-16

~

Table 4-6. Summary of Alkalinity and Hardness Measurements for 1988.

Total Alkalinity (mg/1) Total Hardness (mg/.1)

Sample Sample Date 1 7 11 8 Date 1 11 8 01/27/88 62.5 62.5 60.0 65.0 01/27/88 72.0 72.0 74.0 73.0 02/10/88 65.0 65.0 65.0 60.0 02/10/88 72.0 71.0 72.0 71.0 03/09/88 62.5 62.5 62.5 62.5 03/09/88 68.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 04/06/88 62.5 62.5 62.5 '62.5 04/06/88 72.0 74.0 74.0 69.0 05/12/88 67.5 65.0 65.0 65.0 05/12/88 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 06/22/88 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 06/22/88 53.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 07/13/88 55.0 55.0 52.5 55.0 07/13/88 54.0 54.0 55.0 54.0 08/16/88 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 08/16/88 58.0 58.0 60.0 60.0 09/30/88 50.0 50.0 50.0 '0.0 09/30/88 58.0 59.0 58.0 58.0 10/19/88 52.5 52.5 52.5 52.5 10/19/88 56.0 58.0 59.0 54.0 11/28/88 55.0 55.0 55.0 52.5 11/28/88 58.0 60.0 59.0 57.0 12/14/88 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 12/14/88 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 Mean 57.7 57.5 57.1 57.1 Mean 63.0 63.8 64.2 62.9 SD 6.08 5.77 5.76 5.76 SD 7.22 7.06 7.19 7.16 Maximum 67.5 65.0 65.0 65.0 Maximum 72.0 74.0 74.0 73.0 Minimum 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 Minimum 53.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 4-17

Table 4-7, Summary of Conductivity Measurements for 1988.

Conductivity at 25 C (uS/cm)

Sample Date llM* 118*

01/27/88 163.1 158.8 158.6 146.5 148.0 158.0 02/10/88 156.1 157.1 155.5 137.8 138.0 156.1 03/09/88 162.9 163.1 163.5 148.5 148.8 162.8 04/06/88 164.8 171.8 170.9 153.0 156.0 165.4 05/12/88 157.1 162.3 161.1 159.3

• 06/22/88 118.9 116.3 115.8 115.7 121.8 H 9.5 07/13/88 130.9 130.6 132.8 124.6 127.6 131.1 08/16/88 137.7 138.2 138.3 143.1 143.0 137.2 09/30/88 128.8 129.7 131.0 132.7 133.7 129.6 10/19/88 129.5 129.2 129.9 146.9 146.0 128.3 11/28/88 136.2 141.3 140.5 129.1 137.8 137.4 12/14/88 179.3 179.5 178.8 173 ' 191.8 180.0 Mean 147,1 148.2 148.1 141.0 144.8 147.1 SD 18.13 18.99 18.46 14.92 17.60 17.99 Maximum 179.3 179.5 178.8 173.4 191.8 180.0 Minimum 118 9 116 3 115 8 115 7 121 8 119 5

• Calculated from Field Data,.

• • Field Meter Malfunctioned.

4-18

Table 4-8. Summary of Turbidity and Total Residual Chlorine Measurements for 1988.

Turbidity (NTU) Total Residual Chlorine (ug/1)

Sample Sample Date 1 7 ll 8 Date 11 8 01/27/88 0.70 0,50 0,50 0.60 01/27/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 02/10/88 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.70 02/10/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 03/09/88 0.80 0.70 0.80 0.70 03/09/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 04/06/88 0.80 0.70 0.70 0,70 04/06/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 05/12/88 1.40 1.50 1.40 1.50 05/12/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 06/22/88 0.90 1.00 1.00 1,10 06/22/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50,0 <50.0 07/13/88 1.00 0.70 0.80 0.80 07/13/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 08/16/88 0.80 0.80 1.00 0,80 08/16/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 09/30/88 0.60 0.70 0.70 0.70 09/30/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 10/19/88 0.80 0.70 0.50 0.80 10/19/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 11/28/88 0.90 0.60 0.60 0.60 11/28/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 12/14/88 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.60 12/14/88 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 Mean 0.85 0.77 0,78 0.80 Mean SD 0.20 0.26 0.25 0.25 SD Maximum 1.40 1.50 1.40 1.50 Maximum Minimum 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 Minimum <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 4-19

Table 4-9. Summary of Copper Measurements for 1988.

Copper (ug/1)

Sample Date 11 11M 118 01/27/88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.0 02/10/88 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.0 03/09/88 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.0 04/06/88 1.0 1.4 1.7 1.2 1.7 0.7 05/12/88 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 06/22/88 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 07/13/88 1.9 0.8'.8 1.5 1,4 0.9 08/16/88 1.4 1.1 2.2 0.9 1.0 2.0 09/30/88 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 10/19/88 0.8 0.7 0,6 0.7 0.9 0.8 11/28/88 2.7 1.0 0.7 1.2 0.6 12/14/88 0.5 0.8 0.8 1.3 0.8 0.7 Mean 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 SD 0.61 0.35 0.53 0.64 0.38 0.55 Maximum 2.7 2.0 2.2 2,7 2.0 2.0 Minimum 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.5

• Results are average of 3 measurements per station.

4-20

Table 4-10. Summary of Nickel and Zinc Measurements for 1988.

Nickel (ug/1) Zinc (ug/1)

Sample Sample Date 1 7 ll Date 1 7 11 8 01/27/88 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 01/27/88 10.4 10.7 9.6 10.2 02/10/88 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 02/10/88 12,8 12.2 13.2 12.2 03/09/88 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 03/09/88 8.3 8.0 6.9 04/06/88 <1 0 <1 0 <1 0 <1 0 04/06/88 7.3 8.8 9.1 7.8 05/12/88 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 05/12/88 8.7 9.3 8.9 8.8 06/22/88 0.3 0.1 <1.0 0.2 06/22/88 4.5 4.6 5.7 4.8 07/13/88 0.2 0.1 <1.0 0.2 07/13/88 11.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 08/16/88 1.2 1.2 1.7 1.2 08/16/88 8.0 8.0 5.0 8.0 09/30/88 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 09/30/88 7.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 10/19/88 1.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 10/19/88 6.0 7.0 6.0 7.0

~ ll/28/88 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.6 11/28/88 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.3 12/14/88 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.0 12/14/88 3.4 3.6 3.6 4.4 Mean* 1.1 1.1 1.7 1.2 Mean '7.5 7.6 7.5 7.3 SD* 0.55 0.67 0.19 0.67 SD 2.89 2.62 3.02 2.49 Maximum 1.7 1.7 1.9 2.0 Maximum 12.8 12.2 13,2 12.2 Minimum <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 Minimum 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.3

• Less than values not included.

4-21

Table 4-11. Summary of Iron and Lead Measurements for 1988.

Iron (ug/1) Lead (ug/1)

Sample Sample Date 7 11 8 Date 1 7 11 8 01/27/88 50.0 43.0 39.0 43.0 01/27/88 1.9 2.4 0.7 1.8 02/10/88 44.0 65.0 48.0 48.0 02/10/88 3.9 1.1 1.7 1.8 03/09/88 54.0 55.0 48.0 58.0 03/09/88 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.7 04/06/88 37.0 37.0 40.0 41.0 04/06/88 0.6 0.7 1.5 0.6 05/12/88 103.0 82.0 92.0 104.0 05/12/88 1.3 1.2 0.7 0.7 06/22/88 74.0 70.0 75.0 74.0 06/22/88 0.8 1.5 1.0 1.0 07/13/88 63.0 61.0 62.0 71.0 07/13/88 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 08/16/88 78.0 78.0 77.0 76.0 08/16/88 0.6 1.0 0.9 1.0 09/30/88 45.0 51.0 49.0 55.0 09/30/88 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.7 10/19/88 72.0 79.0 73.0 74.0 10/19/88 1.5 1.4 1.2 2.5 11/28/88 34.0 39.7 28,2 41.9 11/28/88 0.8 1.1 0.7 3.1 12/14/88 54.4 52.7 53.5 54 ' 12/14/88 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.5 Mean 59.0 59.5 57.1 61.7 Mean 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.3 SD 19.07 14.95 18.05 17.91 SD 0.90 0.55 0.36 0.81 Max imum 103. 0 82. 0 92. 0 104. 0 Maximum 3.9 2.4 1.7 3-.1 Minimum 34.0 37.0 28,2 41.0 Minimum 0.6 0.1 0.4h 0.5 4-22

Table 4-12. Summary of Cadmium and Chromium Measurements for 1988.

Cadmium (ug/1) Chromium (ug/1)

Sample Sample Date 11 8 Date 11 8 01/27/88 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 01/27/88 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 02/10/88 0. 2 0. 2 0.1 02/10/88 0.1 0.2 . 0.1 0.1 03/09/88 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 03/09/88 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.6 04/06/88 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 04/06/88 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 05/12/88 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 05/12/88 0.1 <0.1 <0,1 <0.1 06/22/88 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 06/22/88 0.1 0.0 0,1 0.1 07/13/88 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 07/13/88 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 08/16/88 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 08/16/88 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 09/30/88 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 09/30/88 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 10/19/88 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.0 10/19/88 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 ll/28/88 <0,1 0.2 <0.1 0.1 1}/28/88 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 12/14/88 0,3 0.2 0.2 0.1 12/14/88 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 Mean* 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 Mean* 0.2 0.2 . 0.2 0.2 SD* 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.07 SD* 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.15 Maximum 0.3 0.2 0.2 0,2 Maximum 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.6 Minimum <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 0.0 Minimum 0.1 0.0 <0.1 <0.1

• Less than values not included.

• Less than values not included.

4-23

Table 4-13. Summary of Oil and Grease, and Ammonia Measurements for 1988.

Oil 5 Grease (mg/1) Ammonia (mg/1)

Sample Sample Date 11 8 Date 11 8 01/27/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 01/27/88 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 02/10/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 02/10/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 03/09/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 03/09/88 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 04/06/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 04/06/88 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 05/12/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 05/12/88 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 06/22/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 06/22/88 <0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 07/13/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 07/13/88 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 08/16/88 <0.50 <0,50 <0.50 <0.50 08/16/88 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 09/30/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 09/30/88 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 10/19/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 10/19/88 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 11/28/88 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 11/28/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 12/14/88 <0.50 <0.50 0.09 <0.50 12/14/88 0.05 0.05 0.05 Mean* 0.09 Mean* 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 SD* 0.00 SD* 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Maximum 0.09 Maximum 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 Minimum <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 <0.50 Minimum <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

• Less than values not included. *Less than values not included.

4-24

Table 4-14. Summary of Nitrate and Total Phosphorus Measurements for 1988.

Nitrate (mg/1) Total Phophorus (mg/1)

Sample Sample Date 1 7 11 8 Date 1 7 11 8 01/27/88 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.36 01/27/88, 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 02/10/88 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 02/10/88 0.03 0.03 0.04 0,03 03/09/88 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 03/09/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 04/06/88 0.25 0.17 0.20 0.17 04/06/88 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 05/12/88 0.26 0,25 0.25 0.29 05/12/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 06/22/88 0.31 0.31 0.25 0.29 06/22/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 07/13/88 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 07/13/88 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 08/16/88 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.50 08/16/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 09/30/88 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 09/30/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 10/19/88 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 10/19/88 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.32 11/28/88 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 'l/28/88 12/14/88 0.27 0.25 0.22 0,22 12/14/88 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Mean 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.31 Mean 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 SD 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.18 SD 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Maximum 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Maximum 0,03 0.04 0.04 0.05 Minimum 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.10 Minimum 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 4-25

Table 4-15. Summary for Orthophosphate and Sulfate Measurements for 1988.

Orthophosphate (mg/1) Sulfate (mg/1)

Sample Sample Date 7 11 Date 1 7 11 8 01/27/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 01/27/88 14.5 15.0 15.5 15.0 02/10/88 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 02/10/88 13.0 14.5 16.0 13.5 03/09/88 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 03/09/88 13.0 13.0 13.5 13.0 04/06/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 04/06/88 12.0 14.0 13.5 10.2 05/12/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 05/12/88 14.0 14.0 13.5 13.0 06/22/88 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 06/22/88 10.5" 9.5 9.5 9.3 07/13/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 07/13/88 10.5 10.0 10.0 9.5 08/16/88 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 08/16/88 9.0 11.0 11.5 9.0 09/30/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 09/30/88 11'.0 11.0 10.0 10.5 10/19/88 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 10/19/88 10.5 11.0 11.0 10.5 11/28/88 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 11/28/88 10.5 14.5 13.0 10.0 12/14/88 0.03 0.03 0:03 0.03 12/14/88 11.5 12.5 12.5 13.0 Mean* 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Mean 11.7 12.5 12.5 11.4 SD* 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.01 SD 1.59 1.85 2.03 1.91 Maximum 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Maximum 14.5 15.0 16.0 15.0 Minimum <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Minimum 9.0 9.5 9.5 9.0

• Less than values not included 4-26

Table 4-16. Summary of Total Dissolved and Total Suspended Solids Measurements for 1988.

Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1) Total Suspended Solids (mg/1)

Sample Sample Date ll 8 Date 7 11 8 01/27/88 109.0 100.0 103.0 97.0 01/27/88 0.6 1.1 0,7 1.1 02/10/88 97.0 96.0 99.0 94.0 02/10/88 0.8 1.2 1.4 03/09/88 96.0 99.0 97.0 94.0 03/09/88 2.1 22 18 19 04/06/88 84.0 86.0 89.0 85.0 04/06/88 0.7 2.6 1.8 2.6 05/12/88 96.0 100.0 98.0 94.0 05/12/88 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.9 06/22/88 75.0 75.0 75.0 70.0 06/22/88 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.1 07/13/88 74.0 76.0 78.0 79.0 07/13/88 3.6 3.8 3.9 3.9 08/16/88 89.0 88.0 89.0 86.0 08/16/88 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.5 09/30/88 89.0 82.0 81,0 80.0 09/30/88 2 ' 2.3 2.3 2.2 10/19/88 74.0 78.0 79.0 79.0 10/19/88 3.0 3.5 3.9 3.9 11/28/88 80.0 78.0 71.0 72.0 11/28/88 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.3 12/14/88 75.0 73.0 76.0 74.0 12/14/88 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.5 Mean 86.5 85.9 86.3 83.7 Mean 2.9 3,1 3.1 3.1 SD , 10.94 10.00 10.50 9.03 SD 2.17 2.00 2.04 1.95 Maximum 109.0 100.0 103.0 97.0 Maximum 8.2 8.0 7.9 7.9 Minimum 74.0 73.0 71.0 70.0 Minimum 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.1 4-27

Table 4-17 Quarterly Drinking Nell Monitoring Measurements January December 1988 ILII Igg JPP4*

03/09/88 8.44 50.0 0.016 0.005

'.50 06/22/88 7.68 30.0 0.21 0.010 0.010 09/30/99 7.35 45.0 0.50 0.019 0.013 12/14/88 7.22 70.0 0.52 0.006 0.002

• mg/1 4-28

Plow sland

~ 1 Mes quit Island WNP-2 Discharge

~ 7 River Nile-352

~ 11 a8 Power Lines Figure 4-1. Location of Sampling Stations in the Columbia River 4-29

River Station 1 Flow 555m (1822 feet)

WNP-2 intake Structures To Plant WNP-2 Discharge 44m (146 feet)

Station 7 568m Re-located.

a Station 7 (187 feet) 63m (208 feet)

Q Station 11, 11M, 11B 461m (1516 feet)

Station Re-located 8 Station 8 (Not to scale)

Cl 0 890989.1 Oct 1989 FIGURE 4-2. SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY 4-30

20 STATlON 18 1e 14 11M CA UJ 12 11B C9 4J Cl 8 10 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-3. Columbia River Temperature Measure-ments at Six Stations During 1988

i 20 STATION 18 16 8

I~12 51 II Ch C/0 C5 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-4. Columbia River Dissolved Oxygen Heasurements at Four Stations During 1988

9.0 STATION 8.5 8.0 11M 11B 7.5 8 7'.0 6.5 6.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-5. Co1umbia River pH Measurements at Six Stations During 1988

100 STATION 90 80 8

CD 8

KQ 70 I-P I 60 g

50 30 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

'1 988 Figure 4-6. Columbia River Total Alkalinity Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

s 200 STATION 190 180 170 11M

~B

~ CD 180 11B cn p4 LB 150 E ".,y

~

C/J 130 120 110 100 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUI AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-7. Columbia River Conductivity Measure-ments at Six Stations During 1988

3.0 STATION 2.5 2.0 11M 11B oi Q c9 1.5 8 o2 I V 1.0 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

'I 988 Figure 4-8. Columbia River Total Copper Measure-ments at Six Stations During 1988

0

~ .

~

e

15.0 STATION 13.5 1 2.0 10.5 l4 ~ 7.5 C9

~

l l

ED Q

O 8.0 3.0 1.5 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

'1988 .

Figure 4-9. Columbia River Total Zinc Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

200 STATION 180 180 8

~

I CA 120 IQ 100 P 80 80 l~

/

20 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 988 Figure 4-10. Columbi a River Total'ron Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

0 4.0 STATION 3.5 ll 3.0 t2 ~

J l

t 8 l

2.5 I l l II 2.0 l I O CD I l I I 1.5

/K 1.0

/

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 .

Figure 4-11. Columbia River Total Lead Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

90 STATION 80 CO CD

~~ 75 CA ~

gi +~ 65 60 55 50 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-12. Co1umbia River Tota1 Hardness, Heasure-ments at Four Stations During 1988

.90 STATION

.81

.72

.e3 I

t 8 t

I

.54 I I

I AS I

NI .36 t /

.27 J

~ rr

~ P

~ t

.09 0

'AN FEB MAR APR MAY JVN JUL AVG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 988 Figure 4-13. Co1umbia River Nitrate Nitrogen Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

i.C; t j

0

.OTO STATION

.063

.056

,049 Il I~

I '1 8

I 1

~ 1 1

5

~

Q I 1

.042 '

C)

.035 MH O~ ~ '028

.021

.014 I /

.OOT 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUI AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-14. Columbia River Total Phosphorus Heasurements at Four Stations During 1988

20 STATlON 18 18

/i

/~- 4 8 II" M

\

/1 10 l\

Pal 4 c9 8

0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 988 Figure 4-15. Columbia River Total Sulfate Measure-ments at Four Stations During 1988

e 200 STATION 180 180 8

g 120 N~

100 9 80 C)

I 60 20 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-16. Columbia River Total Dissolved Solids Measurements at Four Stations During 1988

o 0 I

STATION CA 8 8 CD M

I CD CL

/y P 3 I

e I

y/

I si

~i/

0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT- NOV DEC 1 988 Figure 4-17. Columbia River Total Suspended Solids Measurements't Four Stations During =

1988

2.00 STATION 1.75 1.50

! '( 8 1.25 1.00 p

75

.50

.25 0

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1988 Figure 4-18 Columbia River Turbidity Measure-ments at Four Stations During 1988

0 0

5.0 LI TONE D F DI 51 INTR D I The cooling tower drift studies were designed to identify any impact of cooling tower operation upon the surrounding plant communities, as well as any edaphic impacts, The program includes the measurement of herbaceous and shrub canopy cover, shrub density, herbaceous phytomass, vegetation chemistry and soil chemistry. Soil chemical parameters measured include pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel, cadmium, and conductivity. Vegetation chemistry includes extractable sulfate,, chloride and total copper. This study provides post-operational data for comparisons with preoperational data and meets the requirements of Hashington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC) Resolutions 193 and 194 dated May 26, 1981.

Sampling was conducted in May at each of nine permanent stations, four grassland Stations G01-G04, and five shrub Stations S01-S05.

Figure 5-1 shows the location of each station, The orientation of the various components including transects and productivity plots within each community are depicted in Figure 5-2.

5.2 E I D E D 5.2.1 Fifty microplots (20 cm x 50 cm) were placed at 1-m intervals on alter-nate sides of the herbaceous transect (Figure 5-2). Canopy cover was estimated for each species occurring within a microplot using Daubenmire's (1968) cover classes. Data were recorded on standard data sheet.

5-1

Quality assurance was accomplished by twice sampling three randomly selected microplots on each herbaceous transect. The entire transect was resampled if cover estimates for any major species ( >50 percent frequency) differed by more than one cover class.

All vegetation studies including cover, density, productivity, and chemistry were sampled, as in previous years, at the peak of the cheatgrass growth cycle known as the purple stage (Klemmedson and Smith 1964).

5.2.2 r Phytomass sam'pling was conducted concurrently with cover sampling.

Phytomass sampling plots were randomly located within an area adjacent to the permanent transects or plots (Figure 5-2). At each station, all live herbaceous vegetation rooted in five randomly located micro-plots (20 x 50 cm) was clipped to ground level and placed in paper bags. Each bag was stapled shut and labeled with station code, plot number, date and personnel.

Sample bags were transported to the laboratory, opened, and placed in a drying oven at 50'C for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />. Following drying, the bags were removed singly from the oven and their contents immediately weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Laboratory quality assurance consisted of indepen-dently reworking 10 percent of the phytomass samples to assess data validity and reliability.

5 9 bJi~

Five 50-m lines were used to measure shrub canopy cover in each of the five shrub plots (Figure 5-2). Hhenever a shrub was crossed by a tape stretched between the end posts, its species and the distance (cm) at which it intercepted the line were recorded. For each shrub plot, intercept distances of each species along all five lines. were summed 5-2

to give a total intercept distance. From this, a shrub canopy cover value (percent) was obtained by dividing total intercept distance by total line length.

Quality assurance procedures consisted of twice sampling one ma]or species along a randomly selected shrub transect. Resampling was conducted if intercept lengths differed by more than 10 percent.

5.2.4 r Individual live shrubs were counted and recorded by species within each of the four strips delineated by shrub intercept transects (Figure 5-2). Numbers per strip were summed to obtain shrub density by species for the entire 1000 m plot. Sampling was concurrent with cover sampling.

Quality assurance consisted of resampling one randomly selected species within one strip. Resampling was conducted if the count difference exceeded one individual.

5..5 ~lt ~

At each of the nine grassland and shrub stations, five soil samples were collected from the top 15 cm of soil with a clean stainless steel trowel. The samples were placed in 250 ml sterile plastic cups with lids, labeled and refrigerated at 4'C. Sixteen parameters were ana-lyzed in each sample including pH, bicarbonate, carbonate, conductiv-ity, sulfate, chloride, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, lead, chromium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Samples were analyzed for pH, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, chloride and conductivity accord-ing to M h f (1965). Samples for zinc, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium were analyzed by flame atomic absorp-tion spectroscopy according to M h r emi i fH r 5 ldddy ydtl. 5 5 5 5 t ly* 5 dy-graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (USEPA 1983). Aliquots 5-3

~ f \If t tf ty d\g td d\gt Q>r~ 1 (Plumb 1981). Preservation times and conditions, when utilized, were accord-ing to USEPA (1983).

Laboratory quality control comprised 101. 201. of the sample analysis load. Routine quality assurance analysis included internal laboratory standards, reagent blanks, and prepared EPA or NBS controls.

5.2.6 f tl pl V

~fig substituted at t I td

'~.l some P .

11 tttltt

~

td t of the stations p

due

\

tgy'td t I'I'I .

to absence of fgl

~

one d

or more and of d

g pl 11 td t tt tl soil samples and as close to the soil sampling station as possible, sufficient quantities of leafy material of each species were collected to yield at least five grams of dry weight. The clipped material was sealed in a plastic bag, labeled and refrigerated at 4'C until analyzed.

In the laboratory, the clipped plant tissue was oven dried to a con-stant weight, ground in a Wiley mi 11 and digested according to Plumb (1981). Sulfate was analyzed by nephalometry and chloride by mercuric chloride titration according to USEPA (1983). Copper was analyzed by graphite furnace atomic spectroscopy according to USEPA (1983).

5,3 D D During the 1988 season, 59 plant taxa were observed in the study area.

These are presented in Table 5-1. Table 5-2 lists by year the species of vascular plants observed during field activities from 1975-1988.

5-4

5.3.1 H r Herbaceous cover data for 1988 are summarized in Tables 5-3 and 5-4.

Figures 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, and 5-6 provide a comparison with the data of .

previous years.

Total herbaceous cover averaged 32.52% in 1988 which represents a 54.8% reduction over 1987 (59.37%). As in previous years, the domi-nant annual grass was ~B gags, ~gram with 11.50% followed by ]~~

~zebra with 0.22%. Perennial grasses averaged 11.63% in comparison t'.25'I \ 1981. UUU(UUUII (8. 15) th d \ t I grass at most stations followed by ~pa, ~m~ (2.45%).

Total annual I 11 1981.

Perennial d 59 U~ ~I'll ~

forb cover averaged 4.96%,

forb cover increased

~ll th (9.85))

d down d ~

I from the 9.85% measured t I 27.6% over 1987 (4.21% vs. 3.30%).

t 1th 1299.

1th d.ddt:.

The d I t (0.94%) and I I

~zZ ~~ 8 Mh (0.90'/).

181) I I ld (d. 995), Uhd 12Ullfflll Species frequency values (%) for each station were similar to previous years and are summarized in Table 5-5. The greatest diversity of species was observed at Station S04 (18) while the smallest was observed at Station G03 (8).

Although growing season precipitation increased by 11.7% in 1988 over 1987 (10.21 vs 9.14 cm), total herbaceous cover decreased markedly in 1988 (32.52% vs 59.57% in 1987). Mean temperature during the growing season was 5.4 degrees C. vs. 5.5 degrees C, in 1987 (Figure 5-7).

Mean production of herbaceous phytomass in 1988 was 35.17 gm/m2. At grassland stations, phytomass production averaged 31.37 g/m2 while at 5-5

shrub stations it was 38.20 g/m2. Production varied widely among stations from a low of 14.08 g/m2 at Station G02 to a high of 73.42 g/m2 at Station S02. Mean herbaceous phytomass production at grass-land stations and at shrub stations for 1988 is shown graphically in Figures 5-& and 5-9 and is summarized in Table 5-6. Table 5-7 pre-sents mean phytomass values for each station in each year since 1975.

Mean herbaceous phytomass and percent herbaceous cover for each sta-tion from 1980 through 1988 are presented, graphically in Figures 5-10 through 5-18.

5.3.3 r D I

h tl ~~b h Ld by by d b

IL

\

I th b h t dy:

bI

" d~~tb LI~L d ILy~t cactus) are also present, however, they are not included in the cover data. During a 1984 August range fire, all viable shrubs were com-pletely destroyed at Stations S02 and S04, while the only individ-uals surviving at Station S01 were isolated clumps of low growing

~rigggn~m niv~.

Shrub density and cover values continue to reflect recovery from the 1984 fire. In 1988, shrub cover at Stations S01 and S02 was 0.1%,

while at Station S04, shrub cover was still zero. Shrub cover increased slightly at Station S03 (7.67% to 7.69%) and Station S05 (0.59% to 8.6%). Shrub density declined slightly at Station S03 but increased at Stations SOl, S02, S04 and S05. Shrub density data for 1988 is summarized in Table 5-8 while shrub density data at each station from 1980 through 1988 is presented in Figure 5-19. Shrub cover data for 1988 is summarized in Table 5-9 while Figure 5-20 presents mean shrub cover values measured from 1975 through 1988.

Shrub cover and density at each station for 1988 are presented graphically in Figure 5-21.

5.3.4 The results of the 1988 soil chemical analyses are presented in Table 5-10 and are shown graphically in Figures 5-22 through 5-51.

Total nickel, cadmium, zinc, potassium, copper, lead and chromium concentrations were within the ranges observed in previous years at all stations. Magnesium concentrations were elevated slightly from previous years at all stations, while calcium concentrations were lower than in previous years except at Station GOl. Sodium concen-trations were elevated from previous years at one station, G02.

Bicarbonate concentrations were elevated at Station S02 with post-operational data being generally higher than preoperational data.

Conductivity was generally low at all stations except G03 where it increased markedly as in 1985. The same trend was evident for total sulfate. Chloride concentrations were much lower than in previous years at all stations. No increase in chloride was evident at Station G03 as occurred with conductivity and sulfate. Soil pH at Station G03 decreased slightly for the fifth straight year.

At most stations, no signs of adverse impacts from operation of NNP-2 cooling towers are evident. However, at Station G03 which is approxi-mately 200 meters south of the towers, some signs of disturbance are evident both in vegetation composition and in soil chemistry.

5.3.5 The results of the 1988 vegetation chemical analyses are presented in Table 5-11 and shown'raphically in Figures 5-52 through 5-72.

~li

~

Concentrations of extractable sulfate total copper measured in 0 ~

previous years.

d 0 Increases and itti tt 0 0 in extractable chloride concentrations d

were d t t itti 00 f d t itt'i 000 f

~rm g ~~ra~.

5-7

5.4 MMARY AND N L I Total herbaceous cover for 1988 averaged 32.5% in the study area.

This is down markedly from the 59.4/ measured in 1987. Although the 1987-1988 growing season was not an unusually dry one (10.21 cm), the pattern of precipitation during the growing season was evidently responsible for the reduction in cover and phytomass. Precipitation during November 1987 totaled only 1.02 cm, 50/. of normal. January 1988 was also a dry month with only 50'/. of normal precipitation.

February 1988 tied with the Februarys of 1920 and 1967 as the driest on record with only a trace of precipitation having been received.

Total precipitation between January 1 and February 28 was only 31/. of normal. In contrast, December 1987 precipitation (4.14 cm) totaled 172/. of normal with about normal temperatures. Total precipitation for March was 0.99 cm, 98'/. of normal. Mean production of herbaceous phytomass in 1988 was 35.17 gm/m2 compared to 98.92 gm/m2 in 1987.

Shrub cover and density data continue to reflect recovery from the 1984 range f ire wi th slight increases in cover and density evi dent at most stations.

With the exception of Station G03, which is only a few hundred meters south of the cooling towers, no adverse trends or impacts upon soil or vegetation chemistry are apparent from the five years of operational data.

5.5 D LID 5.5.1 I This study is to be initiated in January 1989 and is designed to mea-sure the levels of and determine the patterns of airborne salt deposi-tion originating from the WNP-2 cooling tower plume. Information acquired from this study will be used to validate a salt emission and deposition model which used plant operating and meteorological data.

This program is performed to comply with EFSEC Resolution No. 239.

5-8

5.5.2 Beginning in January 1989, two collection vessels will be placed at each of 16 sample stations for a total of 32 samplers. One sample station is located directly adjacent to the HNP-2 cooling towers.

Seven stations are located at approximately half-mile intervals along a northwest transect originating at the cooling towers. Another seven stations lie at half-mile intervals along a south-southwest transect.

The remaining location is a control station located at the old Hanford Townsite approximately eight miles north of NNP-2. An additional pair of cylinders will be kept in the laboratory as a building control. A map of the sample locations is shown in Figure 5-73.

The collection vessel consists of an open-topped linear polyethylene cylinder with vertical sides and a flat bottom. The cylinder is six inches in diameter 'nd eighteen inches high. A support stand posi-tions the cylinder such that its bottom is eighteen inches above ground level. A metal bird ring is positioned above the cylinder to help prevent interference from birds. The cylinder is also covered with a screen to prevent sample contamination from bird droppings and insects. Figure 5-74 illustrates a typical sample collector.

5.5.3 ~m Pr Sample collection will occur monthly (every 30 +/-2 days). In the laboratory, the cylinders will be washed, rinsed and then filled with four liters of deionized water. They will then be transported to the field and placed in the support stands. During the summer months, the samplers are to be periodically checked to insure an adequate liquid level is maintained. In the winter, an antifreeze, isopropyl alcohol, will be added to prevent freezing. After approximately 30 days in the field, the cylinders will be covered, exchanged with clean samplers, and transported back to the laboratory. Any evidence of contamination (insects, bird droppings) will be noted and recorded. A 500 milliliter aliquot will then be taken for analysis and the remaining sample discarded.

5-9

5.5.4 The sample will be analyzed for pH, conductivity, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, copper, chloride, sulfate and orthophosphate ~ The parameters chosen for analysis were those which are characteristically the major components of the NNP-2 cooling water. As a result, detec-tion of these components in the drift collectors will serve to verify their source as NNP-2 cooling tower drift. Analytical methods for the metals will consist of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Anions will be determined by ion chromatography. All measurements and analyses will be performed in the Supply System Environmental Laboratory.

5.5.5 The main objective of this study is to identify the patterns and rate of drift deposition in the area surrounding the NNP-2 cooling towers.

The data obtained from this study will be compared to estimated drift patterns and rates generated from a model which was designed using plant operational data and local meteorological data. The data will be handled using statistical methods to determine the significance, if any, of the results. This comparison of the field data and the calcu-lated model estimates will indicate the validity of the model. Other objectives of this study are to provide additional data and informa-tion for studies dealing with correlation of any long-term changes in soil and vegetation chemistry with plant operation, correlation between changes in vegetation species diversity or density and cooling tower drift deposition and determination of the extent of uptake of salt loading near the HNP-2 plant.

5.6 BIBLI P American Society of Agronomy. 1965. Methods of soi 1 analysis.

Agronomy Series, No. 9.

5-10

ASTM D1739-70, Standard Method for Collection and Analysis of Dustfall.

Daubenmire, R. 1968. Plant communities. Harper and Row, New York, NY.

Droppo, J. G., Hane, C. E., Woodruff, R. K., Atmospheric Effects of Circular Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers at Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Plant Number Two, B2311200735, November 1976.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.

Klemmedson, J.O. and J.G. Smith, 1964. Cheat Grass (gran~ ~zzgg L.) Bot. Rev. 30; 226-262.

NUS Corporation, Annual Report for the PVNGS Salt Deposition Monitor-ing Program January-December 1986; April 1987.

Plumb, R.H. 1981. Procedure for handling and chemical analysis of sediment and water samples, Technical Report EPA/CE-81-1, prepared by Great Lakes Laboratory, State University College at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y., for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Corps of Engineers Technical Committee on Criteria for Dredged and Fi 11 Material. Pub-lished by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, CE, Vicksburg, MS.

5-11

~

Table 5-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1988 Field Work APIACEAE Parsley Family t' ( t.) .&G.

Turpentine cymopterus

&U IGGG&g&& (& t't'.) t lt & Large-fruit lomatium ASTERACEAE Aster Family

~h)11~ ~i~f~i L. Yarrow hntmuaZia @morph@ (Nutt.) T&G Low pussy-toes CdxmiSla B~gmgZfLii, GllZZM~~

~~

~i&zta DaLI~Q.~

Nutt..

Gray (Pall.) Britt Big sagebrush Carey's balsamroot Gray rabbitbrush Ch~r~~ ~vi <g~ilgzg.<<(Hook.) Nutt CLCRD. kfZehaLba He er 1 1 Green rabbitbrush Slender hawksbeard

t. Bur ragweed

~i~.~ &

(Hook.) HM White daisy tidytips I

lkiPZ ~~ &&G(lt I g.

(Pursh)

Yellow salsify Hoary Aster BORAGINACEAE

~m~i~i gZyg,t.@Lola BRASSICACEAE

~

Q~~li~suLehm.

~immi DRSSgry,ig.ja pi~niM (I

(H&A) Johnst.

(Walt.) Bri tt.

Borage Family Tarweed Winged fiddleneck Matted cryptantha cryptantha Mustard Family Western tansymustard h!~ Xjr~n L. Spring draba Prairie rocket Err.imam ~qGgg (Nutt.) DC.

L. Tumblemustard CACTACEAE II IG ~g" CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cactus Family Starvation cactus Pink Family li I I

'g

~I) lt &I..

t1 (

L.

~f Franklin's sandwort Jagged chickweed

.CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopod Family Q~l~ll ~ki i L. Russian thistle 5-12

Table 5-1.

FABACEAE Pea Family

~Atnga~l ggz~i Doug 1 . Hooly-pod mi lk-vetch Stalked-pod milk-vetch Pursh Lance-leaf scurf-pea HYDROPHYLLACEAE Waterleaf Family P~l~ ~~+ Dougl. Hol z.

Whiteleaf phacelia Threadleaf phacelia HPUZlia 133}Ra~ (Pursh)

LILIACEAE Li ly Family

~BC am daugl~ii Hats. Douglas'rodiaea JC(ll& JUC& 'h)& IP Il h) gl .

gp,g.

Sego lily Chocolate lily LOASACEAE Blazing-star Family

~Mn zoll zl~m~ Doug 1 . Hhite-stemmed mentzelia MALVACEAE Mallow Family

~h1 ( gl.) tp h White-stemmed globe-mallow ONAGRACEAE Evening-primrose Fami ly

~nihhZa paZ~i Lindl. var. jgJ i~i White-stemmed evening-primrose OROBANCHACEAE

~ gh II)' C&.&th(ht Broomrape PLANTAGINACEAE Plantain Family

~li~a(@ Indian-wheat POACEAE Grass Family hg~r~r

~gt&& ~h

~ri i~nl (L.) Gaertn.

Ag~r~rn ~i~tgm (Pursh) Scribn.

(g k.) t lh 5 Smith Crested wheatgrass Thick-spiked wheatgrass Bluebunch wheatgrass

~~ ~~f~rt~

Br~m K@~~lr~i

~qZgm

~ri L.

Halt.

Pers.

Cheatgrass Six-weeks fescue Prairie Junegrass l&l ~l &g&)IUlJIIJ tt&t) III k Indian ricegrass 5-13

Table 5-1. n i PM

~

~4eZgjj.

~i m ~m~

Vasey

~~ri>~ (Nutt.)

Trin 5 Rupr.

Smith Sandberg's bluegrass Bottlebrush squirreltail Needle-and-thread POLEMONIACEAE Phlox Family Q l~ .~lgg fl~r Benth. Gilia g) Qy, ~n~g Dougl. Shy gilia Hia~~r ~~1 (Hook.) Greene var, bgpi~gr. (Hook.) Cronq. Pink microsteris M Long-leaf phlox POLYGONACEAE Buckwheat Family KLjgggngm ~i Dougl. Snow buckwheat gg~ ~v~ gV01 Pursh Wild begonia RANUNCULACEAE Buttercup Family Pri tz. ex Halpers Larkspur ROSACEAE Rose Family BRIINN ~l (Pursh) DC. Antelope bitterbursh SANTALACEAE Sandalwood Family Q~m~r ~~1 (L.) Nutt. Bastard toad-flax SAXIFRAGACEAE

] Pursh Golden current SCROPHULARIACEAE Figwort Family P Dougl, Sand-dune penstemon VALERIANACEAE Valerian Family P~li~l; ~~L T&G Longhorn plectritis 5-14

Table 5-2. Vascular Plants Observed Ouring 1975-1988 Field Work Annual Grasses 199lj ~177 ~17 ~ 199 ~ll 199il, ~ ~1 ~l ~ ~7 ~l

~Br m ~thor X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ECkfJLH, <~f1 Lrrt X X X X X X X X

~F'~ sP.

Perennial Grasses

~Ar y~r X X X X

~r~r ~<<~~hgg

~~

K~~~lri ~ri g~i~m

~t X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X

~rz ~i ~hm n~i X X X X X X X X X X X

~ ~b~ii X X X X Em mabmLa X X

~igni n ~h<<~ix X X X X X ~ X X X X X X X QHKbbrii

Table 5-2. (Cont'd)

Annual Forbs 1997'7 ~17 1999 ~ ~ ~~ ~4 ~l ~ ~17 ~l

~Fyn<~i ~~~i X X X X X X X X X X X

~mi~l~i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

)L~mi <I~i m~nzi <<Iii X X

~nag ~1~~~~ X MrRf39MR W~MrKRML X X X X X X X X X X X

~r~i~ I~ir X X X X X X X X X X X X X X I

p~nk X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

~0r b ~vn X X X X X X X X X X X X X gpi 1 i~bi Im p~n~lm X X X X X QQl'~Al Q ~+ X X X X X X X X

~mi n ~fl X X X X X i ~in ~ X X X X X X X X

~ gmb~l X X X X X X X X X X X X X

~L(yah ~11 ~rmi~i~ii~

~i ~lg~l X X X X X X X X X X X X

~~il i X X X X X X X X X X X X

~rb~n~ ~l' Irr~i

~p~i ~I~ X X X X X X QSSSllll ] iikrr X X X X X X X

~P~< sp.

P~IIIjiig X X X X X X X X X X X X

~i~i 9hU~rZZR X X X X X 0 0

Table 5-2. (Cont'd)

~7 392Z 392u ~i 19K 399l ~l 39K ~l4 ~l 39K ~l7

~Psalm igni m ~mi ri~nm

~1<~1 ~kl i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

~ymb~rg y~~im X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

~Tr gggggn ~bi X X X X X X X X Perennial Forbs

~Ahi ~l gj 1 l~f~l' X X X X X X X X X X X

~~i ~myrrh X X X X X X X X X

~Ar n~r ~fr ~li~ var.

ygQ~ii X X X X X X X X

~

~f f~n~n X X X X X X

~hr ~ ~illii P~r~ p~rii X X X X X X X X X X X r K~ RQRDKiKElk X X X X X X X X X

~Ar <~l sp. X-Q~lm~h ~~~n X X X X X X X X X X X X X we~di dma~i X X X X X X X X X X X X B~r~i ~hw 11 ii g~l~or ~~r

~~r ~mb l~l X X X X X X X X X X X X

~ri

~p~n~

~rb~rb

~~ X X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X X X

X X

X

Table 5-2. (Cont'd)

~7 X

~1 ~7 ~7 X

~17 ~~

X X

~l X

~l X

~4 X X X X X D~lhin m sp. X X X X X X

~lgf QQ ~iv g~

1~ii ~i X X X X X X LQH~ m~g<~>~ X X X X X X X X X

~m~ sp.

~>~r pal~i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X P~~~mn ~m~1 X X X X X X X X Lea:~me sp.

~phl x ~ln i~fli X X X X X . X X X X X X X X X i+i~~

~

P~rQm g~h~lg

~v

~m~n X X X X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

X X

Shrubs, subshrubs, cacti Q~i~i ~ri l~n X X X X ~ X X X X X X X mn X X X X X X X X X X X X

~

X X X X X X X X X imari ~iv X X X X X X X X X X X X X gSlfi~g Qkl YiKkngbL X X X X X X X QLrri-~ ~ri ~~ X X X X X X X X X X X

Table 5P3 Herbaceous Cover for Nine Stations in 1988 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 Annual Grasses Gromus tectorum 22.95 10.10 16.75 4.80 13.80 5.05 11.80 10.15 10.60 Festuca octoflora 2.00 0.22 Total Annual Grass Cover 22.95 10.10 16.75 4.80 13.80 5.05 0.00 13.80 10. 15 10.82 Perennial Grasses A trrortron ~st cetus 4.95 1.30 0.69

~nr zo is ~hnoides 0.30 1.25 0.17 Pos ~sandbar ii 17.85 21.70 0.05 10.15 1.75 3.15 11.95 8.15 0.05 8.31

~Sti a comata 20 '5 2.00 2.45 Total Perennial Grass Cover 17.85 21.70 0.05 30 '0 1.75 8.40 11.95 9.40 3.35 11.63 Annual Forbs Amsinckia ~tco soides 0.05 0.th 0.30 0.th 0. 10 0.35 0.20 0.13

~cr tenths circunscissn 0.80 0.05 0.35 0.60 0.20

~cr tenths ~terocar a 0.60 0.07 nescurninia pinnate 0.40 0.15 0.06 Oraba verna 0.75 1.80 0.45 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.05 0.20 0.46 srnnserin ~acnnthacnr n 0.95 0.60 1.00 0.05 0.25 0.60 0.38 Gilia sinuata 0.10 0.01 Holosteum umbellatum 0.55 0.05 0.05 1.15 0.05 0.25 0.23

~ta io glanduloss 0.05 0.30 0. 10 0.05 Hentzetia albicaulis 0.60 2.75 0 F 05 0.10 0.39 nicrosteris grocilis 1.30 3.80 5.45 1.45 0.05 0.20 1.25 0.70 1.58 Phacetia linearis 0.50 0.05 0.05 0.07

~Planta o ~ate onica 2.80 0.20 0.95 2.80 0.90 0.85 Salsola kali 0.20 0.45 0.05 0.10 0.60 0.05 0.15 0.20 0.20

~sis riun altissimun 0.55 0.40 0.35 0.15 0.15 0.75 0.15 0.28 Total Annual Forb Cover 6.25 6.80 7.55 1.75 6.35 5.25 3.60 3.10 4.00 4.96 Perennial Forbs Achi l tea mil lefol ium 1. 70 0.70 0.27 Aster canescens 0.10 2.75 3.10 0.05 0.05 0.45 1.60 0.90 A~stra clue ~scterocnr s 0.75 0.08 nalsnmorhiza ~care ana 2.85 0.30 0.35

~Cre is atrabarba 0.70 0.08

~Cn~o)terus terebinthinus 5.30 0.59 oe the g llid 0.40 8.45 0.05 0.99 Phlox ~lan iiolin 0.10 1.90 1.25 3.75 1.35 0.10 0.94 Renex venosus 0.10 0.01 Total Perennial Forb Cover 0.20 2.00 0.00 4.40 11.55 10.80 2.10 4.85 1.95 4.21 Total Herbaceous Cover 47.25 40.60 24.35 41.15 33.45 29.50 17.65 31.15 19.45 31.62 5-19

Table 5-4 Mean Herbaceous Cover 1975-1988 AG 1975 49.90 0.60 35.30 2.00 43.80 4.50 43.00 43.90 43.00 43.45 4331 PG 1975 2.37 3.70 5.50 4.60 3.26 AF 1975 14. 60 11.70 11.70 12.67 29.50 13.00 21.25 16.10 PF 1975 4.30 0.90 1.80 2.33 1.50 2. 10 1.80 2. 12 ALL 1975 69.40 49.90 61.80 60.37 78.60 63.60 71.10 64.66 AG 1976 50.70 40.90 34.30 41.97 71.20 51.60 61.40 49.74 PG 1976 0.40 10.50 10.30 7.07 4.40 3. IO 3.75 5.74 AF 1976 5.50 5.30 7.20 6.00 11.90 8.50 10.20 7.68 PF 1976 0.00 0.50 0.20 0.23 0.00 0.20 0.10 0.18 ALL 1976 56.60 57.20 52.00 55.27 87.50 63.40 75.45 63.34 AG 1977 1.35 0.65 1.90 1.30 5.20 1.45 3.33 2.11 PG 1977 0.35 11.30 8.28 6.64 3.25 2.90 3.08 5.22 AF 1977 0,25 0.05 0.90 0.40 2.40 9.35 5.88 2.59 PF 1977 0.55 0.60 1.42 0.86 0.05 6.30 3. 18 1.78 ALL 1977 2.50 12.60 12,50 9.20 10,90 20.00 15.45 11.70 AG 1978 51.00 67.00 51.00 56.33 68.00 42.00 55.00 55.80 PG 1978 3.00 18.00 11.00 10. 67 8.00 7.00 7.50 9.40 AF 1978 38.00 10.00 33.00 27.00 23,00 25.00 24.00 25.80 PF 1978 8.00 0.00 5 F 00 4.33 2.00 3.00 2.50 3.60 ALL 1978 100.00 95.00 100.00 98.33 101,00 77.00 89.00 94.60 AG 1979 25.00 29.00 9.00 21.00 31.00 10.00 20.50 20.80 PG AF 1979 1979 F 00 2.00 18.00 4.00 11.00 10.00 10.00 5.33 7.00 43.00 5.00 33.00 6.00 38.00 8.4O 18.40

~

PF 1979 11.00 0.00 3.00 4.67 0.00 7.00 3.50 4.20 ALL 1979 39.00 51.00 33.00 41.00 81 F 00 55.00 68.00 51.80 AG 1980 50.40 51.80 24. 30 56.20 56.40 47.82 64.30 77.80 73.80 12.30 57.05 51.92 PG 1980 1.00 7.20 23.30 10.90 0.10 8.50 28.30 64.00 0. 10 26.60 29.75 17. 94 AF 1980 7.60 4.20 22.50 3.40 14. 10 10.36 7.30 5.00 28.70 4.90 11.48 10.8 PF 1980 2 '0 2.20 4.70 4.60 1.80 3. 10 0.40 0.00 0.00 4.60 1.25 2.

ALL 1980 61.20 65.40 74.80 75. 10 72.40 69.78 100.30 146.80 102.60 48.40 99.53 83.

AG 1981 74.80 54.60 66.50 49.80 76.20 64.38 77.40 84.00 88.40 48.90 74.68 68.96 PG 1981 0. 10 4.70 14'.30 5.80 0.00 4.98 19.60 25.90 0.00 36.70 20.55 11.90 AF 1981 5.30 3.50 18,20 1.20 12.50 8.14 15.90 11.90 17.50 5.90 12.80 10. 21 PF 1981 0.00 3.20 0.70 4.90 0.50 1.86 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.90 0.53 1.27 ALL 1981 80.20 66.00 99.70 61.70 89.20 79.36 113.10 121.80 105.90 93.40 108.55 92.33

~

AG 1982 51.50 25.80 36.60 32.70 20.00 33.32 42.20 45.50 51. 00 22.90 40.40 36.47 PG 1982 0.40 6.40 17.90 4.30 0.80 5.96 11.20 11.60 0. 10 31.30 13. 55 9.33 AF 1982 4.60 4.20 F 50 1.60 17.30 7.04 9.70 4.60 4.60 4. 10 5.75 6.47 PF 1982 0.20 4.30 0.70 6.20 1.00 2.48 0.30 0.00 1 ~ 30 3.80 1.35 1.98 ALL 1982 56.70 40.70 62,70 44.80 39.10 48.80 63.40 61.70 57.00 62. 10 61.05 54,24 1983 53.80 37. 60 33.65 36.75 31.85 38.73 49.50 39.55 62.75 42.34 40.33 AG PG 1983 2. 15 7.70 14.45 6.40 1.29 6.no 2.10 15.75 0.00

17. 55 25.50 10.84 8.37 ~

AF 1983 8.20 7.85 12.55 3.45 22.35 10.88 18.70 8.85 8.65 6.65 10.71 10.81 Pf 1983 0.70 3. 10 1.05 4.40 1.95 2.24 0.65 0.05 2. 10 4.00 1.70 2.00 ALL 1983 64.85 56.25 61. 70 51.00 57.44 58.25 70.95 64.20 73.50 53.70 65.59 61. 51 5-20

Table 5-4 (Continued)

Xmr 2L1 $ K Q4 Hl HR SLt QL4 XG QG AG 1984 41. 50 32. 75 39.35 36.30 36.50 37.28 60.85 71. 30 60.85 9.60 50.65 43.22 PF 1984 1.85 8.80 11.55 8.55 0.40 6.23 1.20 4.45 25.00 10.22 6.87 AF 1984 12. 35 8. 10 11.10 4.00 13.40 9.79 20.65 9.70 19.45 7.95 14.44 11.86 PF 1984 0.30 4.00 0.75 6.55 0.65 2 '5 0.70 0.20 1 ~ 10 1.25 0.81 1.72 ALL 1984 56.00 53.65 62.75 55.40 50.95 55.75 83.40 85.65 81.40 43.80 73.56 63.67 AG 1985  ? 10

~ 2. 15 14. 60 4.95 27.05 10.17 8.00 8.10 18.30 7.25 10.41 10.28 PG 1985 1. 05 4. 70 17.85 2.40 1.85 5.57 9.20 17.95 0.00 13.90 10,26 7.66 AF 1985 0. 70 1.35 9.40 2.30 4.75 3.70 18.20 8.15 7.55 3.05 9.24 6. 16 PF 1985 0. 00 1. 35 1. 15 3.00 0.25 1.15 0.80 0.10 2.35 0.90 1.04 1.10 ALL 1985 3.85 9.55 43.00 12.65 33.90 20.59 36.20 34.30 28.20 25.10 30 '5 25 '9 AG 1986 17. 45 1. 95 7.20 11.45 13.05 10.22 9.40 4.65 13.25 7.35 8.66 9.53 PG 1986 2.20 10.75 17.25 9.85 1.30 8.27 19.85 38.65 0.00 26.00 21. 13 13.98 AF 1986 25.40 16.65 38.10 10.25 16.70 21.42 27.65 34. 15 25.45 8.70 23.99 22.56 PF 1986 1.15 5.35 2.30 9. 15 1.25 3.84 1.80 1.95 0.05 2.55 1.59 2.84 ALL 1986 46.20 34.70 ,64.85 40.70 32.30 43.75 58.70 79.40 38.75 44.60 55.36 48.91 AG 1987 28.90 9.95 7.80 19.05 33.40 19.82 23.85 9.45 51.65 4.65 22.40 20.97 PG 1987 3.60 21.90 42.65 19.55 2.30 18.00 '32.45 58.79 0.05 45.95 34.31 25.25 AF 1987 12.56 8.50 10.80 6.55 11.40 9.96 10.30 11.32 14.00 3.25 9.72 9.85 PF 1987 5 F 00 6.00 2.00 10.40 1.75 5.03 0.90 1.90 0.15 1.55 1,13 3.29 ALL 1987 50.06 46.35 63.25 55.55 48.85 52.81 67.50 81.46 65.85 55.40 67.55 59.36 AG 1988 13. 80 5. 05 8.10 13.80 10.15 10.18 22.95 10.10 16,75 4.80 13.65 11.72 PG 1988 1.75 8.40 11.95 9.40 3.35 6.97 17.'85 21.70 0.05 30.20 17.45 11.63 AF 1988 6.08 5.25 3.60 3.10 4.00 4.41 6.30 16. 15 7.55 1.80 7.95 5.98 PF 1988 11.55 15.75 2.10 4.85 3.25 7 '0 0.20 2.00 0.00 4.40 1.65 4.90 ALL 1988 33.18 34.45 25.75 31. 15 20.75 29.06 47.30 49.95 24.35 41.20 40.70 34 '3 "AG Annual Grass 0 PG - Perennial Grass AF Annual Forb PF Perennial Forb 5-21

Table 5-5 Mean Frequency Valves (1.) by Species for Each Sampling Station 1988 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 Annual Grasses Bromus tectorum 100 100 96 84 86 56 100 98 94 Festuca octoflora 50 Perennial Grasses A ~re akron Jsstcstllll 34 O~rzo is ~hnoides 2 2 Poa ~sendber li 92 100 2 88 20 28 100 48

~Sti a comate 78 Annual Forbs Amsinckia ~lco soides 2 4 2 4 4 8

~Ctanths oil cullsctssa 22 14 14

~cr tenths ~terocnr a 14 Oescurainie pinnate 16 6 Draba verna 30 62 18 12 12 12 2 8 Prsnserta ~aes th car 28 24 30 2 10 24 Gilia sinuata 4 Holosteun umbellatum 22 2 16 2 10

~tn ia Olandulosn 2 2 4 Henttelia albicaulis 24 24 2 4 Microsteris Oracilis 52 92 98 38 2 ' 40 28 Phacelia linearis 10 2 2 P~lsnta o paste onica 34 8 18 72 26 Salsola kali , 8 18 2 4 14 2 6 8 A~is riun alt lssinun 22 16 14 6 20 6 Perennial Forbs Achillea millefoliun 10 8 Aster canescens 32 36 2 2 18 34 A~stre ulus turshit

~Astra ulus ~scterocar s 2 nnlsnmorhiza ~care ana 10 Comandra umbel late

~Cre is atrabarba

~C o terus terehinthinus 14 Oe others palllds 6 32 Phlox ~ton trolls 4 66 20 24 24 4 Runex venosus 4 Total Species per Site 12 11 8 10 16 17 11 18 18 5-22

Table 5-6. Mean Terrestrial-Phytomass for 1988 Wt./Sq. Wt./Sq.

DATE SITE PLOT WT. METER DATE SITE PLOT WT. METER 5/88 G01 27-4 4.90 49.00 5/88 Sol 45-9 12.89 128.90 Gol 41-3 2.59 25.90 Sol 27-3 1.68 16.. 80 Gol 46-9 3.99 39.90 Sol 34-7 2.80 28.00 Gol 16-8 3.24 32.40 Sol 2-6 5.98 59.80 Gol 9-6 2.28 22.80 Sol 18-4 6.39 63.90 AVG 3.40 34.00 AVG 5.95 59.48 STD 0.95 9.52 STD 3.91 39.12 Wt./Sq. Wt./Sq.

eDATE SITE PLOT 27-4

~Wt.

l. 55 METER

15. 50 DATE 5/88 SITE PLOT 16-9 Wt.

5. 17 METER

51. 70 5/8 8 G02 S02 G02 9-6 0.75 7.50 S02 6-8 1.82 18.20 G02 16-8 1.59 15.90 S02 13-3 27.13 271.30 G02 46-9 1.85 18.50 S02 17-3 1.21 12. 10 G02 41-3 1.30 13.00 S02 27-8 1.38 13.80 AVG 1.41 14.08 AVG 7.34 73.42 STD 0.37 3.72 STD 10.00 99.99 Wt./Sq. Wt./Sq.

DATE SITE PLOT Wt. METER DATE SITE PLOT Wt. METER 45-9 2.29 22.90 5/88 S03 45-9 0.45 4.50

~ S G03 G03 G03 27-3 2-3 2.55 0.03 25.50 0.30 S03 S03 2-6 27-3 1;74 2.32 17.40 23.20 G03 34-7 0.66 6.60 S03 34-7 2.69 26.90 G03 18-4 2.46 24.60 S03 18-4 0.38 3.80 AVG 1.60 15.98 AVG 1.52 15.16 STD 1.05 10.46 STD 0.95 9.49 Wt./Sq. Wt./Sq.

DATE SITE PLOT Wt. METER DATE SITE PLOT METER 5/88 G04 18-4 0.78 7.80 5/88 S04 18-7 2.56 25.60 G04 45-9 7.57 75.70 S04 46-4 4.21 42.10 G04 2-6 7.50 75.00 S04 39-7 2.74 27.40 G04 34-7 2.78 27.80 S04 42-8 0.35 3.50 G04 27-3 12.08 120.80 S04 2-3 2.33 23.30 AVG 6.14 61.42 AVG 2.44 24.38 STD 3.98 39.80 STD 1.23 12.34 Wt./Sq.

DATE SITE PLOT Wt. METER 5/88 S05 45-9 2.69 26.90 S05 2-6 0.72 7.20 S05 27-3 2.46 24.60 1988 Phytomass Summary S05 18-4 0.21 2.10

~MMEAN G01-G04 31.37 Grams/Sq. meter S05 34-7 3.21 32.10 S01-S05 38.20 Grams/Sq. meter AVG 1.86 18.58 STD 1.17 11.74 5-23

Table 5-7. Comparison of Herbaceous Phytomass for 1975-1988 Hean Dry Height (g/m 0

~TE ~17 ~176 1997 ~17 ~7 ~ l99l. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l G01 359 108 21 166 64 160 200 90 77 94 70 50 . 83 34 G02 302 258 11 162 37 68 255 60 137 116 27 61 77 14 G03 53 261 62 64 133 12 32 134 16 G04 79 159 1'13 82 67 37 35 90 61 S01 126 137 4 173 21 36 180 98 171 104 5 35 62 59 S02 144 7 128 28 63 115 24 232 57 1 112 144 73 S03 88 177 7 115 16 43 31 22 54 95 27 25 48 15 S04 78 52 39 68 93 ll 176 108 24 S05 71 81 184 136 43 61 42 145 19

Table 5-8. Summary of Shrub Density for 1988 Station ~secies 1 2 3 4 Total ~SHa ~Sa S01 Artemisia tridentata 4 1 4 0 9 90 36 Chr sothamnus nauseosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chr sothamnus viscidiflorus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Purshia tridentata 2 1 2 0 5 50 20 14 140 56 S02 Artemisia tridentata 1 1 0 0 2 20 8 Chr sothamnus nauseosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chr sothamnus viscidiflorus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Purshia tridentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 20 8 S03 Artemisia tridentata 5 9 14 18 46 460 184 Chr sothamnus nauseosus 5 2 3 1 11 110 44 Chr sothamnus viscidiflorus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Purshia tridentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 57 570 228 04 Artemisia tridentata 0 3 1 6 10 100 40 Chr sothamnus nauseosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chr sothamnus viscidiflorus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Purshia tridentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 100 40 S05 Artemisia tridentata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chr sothamnus nauseosus 0 0 1 1 2 20 8 Chr sothamnus viscidiflorus 0 0 0 1 1 10 4 Purshia tridentata 1 3 4 0 8 80 32 11 110 44 5-25

Table 5-9. Summary of Shrub Cover (1.) at Five Station for 1988 m

0.10 0. 10 6. 52 1. 34

~~~n nag.~m

~h

~hr 1.17 0.56 0.30 0.35 0.06 0.00 Total Shrub Cover 0.10 0.10 7.69 0.00 0.86 1.75 5-26

0 QQl QQZ K3 K4 Kl KE ~ K4 25 pH (1:2 soil-water) 6.92 6.99 6.71 6.78 6.86 7.20 6.7/ 6.75 6.99 Conductivity (1:2 soil-water) 35.3 46.6 125.6 21.2 23.2 61.4 43.8 49.9 40.5 mi eros i emens/cm Sul fate ug/gm 0.40 3.54 18.56 0.84 1.44 3.72 3.82 4.06 4.26 Chloride ug/gm 1. 20 1.44 2.48 0.48 0.96 1.44 1.84 2.40 1.28 Copper ug/gm 12.04 12.90 11.08 9.97 10.55 9.50 12.32 14.04 9.74 Lead ug/gm 4.59 4.27 3.73 3.08 3.50 2.21 2.60 3.65 2.29 Cadmium ug/gm 0.0800 0.064 0.064 0.063 0.069 0.039 0 '85 0.088 0.070 Chromium ug/gm 12.00 11.90 9.48 8.97 4.77 4.69 6.47 8.46 7.08 Nickel ug/gm 11.93 10.02 8.64 7.78 12.96 12.98 10.83 13.34 9.67 Zinc ug/gm 48.72 50.56 47.18 45.31 47.79 28.12 47.04 48.51 44.54 Sodium  % 0.109 0.150 0.108 0.111 0.054 0.030 0.089 0.067 0.081 Potassium  % 0.272 0.274 0.192 0.154 0.175 0.110 0.210 0.201 0.155 Calcium  % 0.23 0.23 0;24 0.23 0.22 0.30 0.24 0.24 0.23 Bicarbonate (meq/HC03/gm) 0.0014 0.0023 0.0018 0.0009 0.0009 0.0035 0.0022 0.0016 0.0025 Hagnesium  % 0.53 0.57 0.47 0.44 0.52 0.43 0.48 0.49 0.45

Table 5-11 Summary of Vegetation Chemistry for 1988 STATION POSA BRTE SIAL PHLO PUTR ARTR Copper (ug/gm) G01 4.25 6.00 6.75 6.15 G02 3.45 5.80 6.00 4.45 G03 4.80 4.60 4.85 6.50 G04 4.35 4.80 4.20 4.90 S01 4.25 4.95 4.40 4.85 S02 5.40 3.75 5.75 5.40 S03 3.85 5.10 4.65 10.95 S04 5.80 5.05 4.50 25.50 S05 3.95 4.40 4.15 16.55 Extractable Sulfate (%) G01 0.019 0. 018 0.115 0 ~ 117 G02 0.019 0. 019 0.103 0. 018 G03 0. 019 0.115 0.020 0. 021 G04 0.020 0.086 0.018 0. 021 S01 0. 018 0.018 0.121 0.018 S02 S03 S04 0.020 0.021 0.019 0.021 0. 086 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.021 0. 018 0.024 0.022 I

S05 0.018 0.017 0. 018 0.024 Extractable Chloride (%) G01 0.27 0.28 0.54 0. 12 G02 G03 G04 S01 0.25

0. 19 0.30 0.26

0. 17 0.27 0.90 0.64 0.49 0.50

0. 14

0. 16

0. 10 0.09

0. 12

0. 11 o

S02 0.17 0.10 0. 12 0.75 S03 0.27 0.14 0.09 0.50 S04 0.23 0. 57 0. 13 1.38 S05 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.84 0 5-28

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~ or Figure 5-1. Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map 5-29

Shrub Community 50m Herbaceous transect Shrub intercept transect Shrub intercept transect Shrub interceot transect 20r" Shrub interceot transect Shrub interceot transect PhytOmaSS Sampling plot tom Herbaceous Community 50m Herbaceous transect I tom Phytomass sampling plot I I

Figure 5-2. Layout of Vegetation and Solid Sampling Plots 5-30

LEGEND Kl AG-G Kl AG-s PG-G PG-S KZI Kl PP-G Kl PP-s 1 975 19T6 1 97T 1 978 19T9 YEARS Figure 5-3. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1979

76.0 LEGEND Kl AG-G 64.3 Kl AG-s PG-G 53.6 PG-S I 42.2 EZ ~-G C)

à 8 32.1 Kl PP-G Kl PP-s 21A 107 0

1980 1981 1982 1 983 1984 YEARS Figure 5-4. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1980 Through 1984

pA'<'0 '

LEGEND Kl AG-G Kl AG-s PG-G PG-S FZ AF-G EZ AF-S Kl PF-G ER PF-S 1 985 1986 1 987 1988 YEARS figure 5-5. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1985 Through 1988

k!

STATION 126 GRASSLAND SHRUB 112 Cr 8+

8 56 28 0

1 975 1 977 1 979 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 976 1 978 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 YEAR Figure 5-6. Mean (1.) Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1988

I 20 120 LEGEND 1d 110 x PRECIP o TEMP 1d 100 COVER 90 E

00 Io5 70 dO Sg 50 30 20 1982 1983 1984>> 1985 1986 1987 1988 YEAR Figure 5-7. Mean Herbaceous Cover, Tota1 Precipi-tation, and Mean Temperature From 1982 Through 1988

il 80 70 60 50

~g+0 30 20 10 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-8. Mean Herbaceous Phytomass for Hay 1988

STATION 350 Kl GRASS SHRUB 300 I 250 g 200 150 100 50 E 0

1 975 1 977 1 979 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 YEAR Figure 5-9. Hean Herbaceous Phytomass at Grassland and Shrub Stations for 1975 Through 1988

P 0

300 130 LEGEND 275 117 DRY V/T.

250 We COVER 104 225 200 175 - I8 I~g ~ hC C) 6 150 125 52 100 75 28 50 25 0 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1981 1983 1985 1987 YEAR Figure 5-10. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G01 for 1980 Through 1988

~ V 0

300 170 LEGEND 275 153 DRY VfT.

250 X COVER 136 225 200 175 'l02 I II w~ 150 68 Qd 100 75 34 50 25 17 0

1980 '982 1984 1986 1988 0

1981 1983 1985 1987 YEAR Figure 5-11. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G02 for 1980 Through 1988

'I' '4

~'

300 110 LEGEND 275 DRY WT.

250 COVER 88 200 175 m~

C) 150 125 100 33 75 22 50 0 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 '988 1981 1983 1985 198T YEAR Figure 5-1Z. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G03 for 1980 Through 1988

0 200 110 LEGEND DRY WT.

175 Wo COVER 88 150

- I8 (g) oC 100 D CD CD ~

44 75 50 22 0 0 1980 'l982 -1984 1986 -1988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 YEAR Figure 5-13. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G04 for 1980 Through 1988

200 110 LEGEND 99 DRY WT.

175 COVER 88 150 125

-I Nw 55 oN tD 100 p)g O ~~

75 33 50 22 25 0

1980 1982 1984 1986 '988 1981 1983 1985 198T YEAR Figure 5-14. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S01 for 1980 Through 1988

I

~,

300 110 LEGEND 275 DRY WT.

250 Fe'OVER 88 225 200

-I I M 175 tD ~g 150 55 y) pg oC i',

O 125 44 100 33 75 50

,5 25 f

0 0 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1981 1983 1985 1987 YEAR Figure 5-15. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S02 for 1980 Through 1988

'I O.

200 110 LEGEND 180 DRY WT.

Wa COVER 160 88 120 m~ 1OO 80 60 33 20 0 0

'1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1981 1983 1985 198T YEAR Figure S-16. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S03 for 1980 Through 1988

0, 200 110 LEGEND 180 DRY WT.

COVER 180 88 120 CO 100 NN 80 80 33 20 0 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1981 1983 1985 1987 YEAR Figure 5-17. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S04 for 1980 Through 1988

A 200 110 LEGEND 180 99 DRY WT.

X COVER 160 88 120 -I

~ ~ M cO 100 gm CD ~

m 80 44 60 33 20 0 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1981 1983 1985 198'7 YEAR Figure 5-18. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S05 for 1980 Through 1988

I P

~

I

2400 LEGEND 2200 1980 2000 1981 1800 FZ ~sar 1 600 1983 W iso 1984 1985 cQ 1200 1986 1000 1 98T 800 1988 600 400 200 0

S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-19. Shrub Density at Five Stations for 1980 Through 1988

4 0

30 20 10 0

1 975 1 9T6 1 9TT 1 9T8 1 9T9 1 980 1 981 1 982 1 983 '1 984 1 985 1 986 1 98T 1 988 YEAR FIgure 5-20. Mean TotaI Shrub Cover for I975 Through I988

o 600 COVER 500 DENSlTY cn ~

300 C) 200 100 0

SO1 S02 SO3 SO+ SO5 STATION Figure 5-21. Shrub Cover and Oensity for Five Stations for 1988

9.0 LEGEND 1980 8.5 1981 1982 8.0 1983 7.0 8.0 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-22. Soil pH for 1980 Through 1983

0 I

9.0 LEGEND 1 984 8.5 1 985 1986 8.0 1 98T 1988 7.0 8.5 8.0 GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-23. Soil pH for 1984 through 1988 4

o 200 LEGEND 180 1980 1981 160 1982 1983 120 5

gi

~

K CA 100 DOCL 80 60 20 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATlON Figure 5-24. Soil Conductivity for 1980 Through 1983

re 200 LEGEND 180 1984 1 985 180 1 986 1 987 120 1988 gl Cl KD Ch 100 DK ao 80 20 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-25. Soi1 Conductivity for 1984 Through 1988

II e

j 0

0

200 LEGEND 180 1980 1981 180 6<3 1SSZ 1983 I 120 00 I 100 Q

80 80 20 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure S-26. Soil Sulfate for 1980 Through 1983

'I F

LEGEND 1984 1 985 30 1986 1 987 I 22 1988 gi N

2O CD 1S 10 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATlON Figure 5-27. Soil Sulfate for 1984 Through 1988

20 LEGEND 18 1 980 1981 EZ 1 982 1 983 I 12 II 10 8

0 GO1 GO2 GO3 GO+ SO1 SO2 SO3 SO+ SO5 STATtON F)gure 5-28. Soll Chlor/de for 1980 Through 1983

/

20 LEGEND 18 1984 1985 16 1986 1 987 I 12 1988 II

~

~ C3 CD 10 C3 8

0 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-29. Soi I ChIori de for 1984 Through 1988

0 LEGEND 1980 35 1981 30 1 982 1983 C9 I

Qg20 OC C1 15 10 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-30. Soi1 Bicarbonate for 1980 Through 1983

0 LEGEND 1984 1 985 30 1986 1 987 1988 C9

~

Oo I 20 OC c9 15 10 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-31. Soil Bicarbonate for 1984 Through 1988

1 8.0 LEGEND 1980 1 8.5 1981 15.0 EZ 1982 1 983 13.5 g 12.0 O

CD ~

O CD 1 0.5 9.0 7.5 6.0 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-32. Soi1 Copper for 1980 Through 1983

18.0 LEGEND 1984 1 6.5 1985 15.0 1 986 1 987 15.5 1988

~ CA 1 2.0 O

V ~

O 1 0.5 9.0 7.5 e.o G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-33. Soi 1 Copper for 1984 Through 1988

LEGEND 1 980 1981 EZ 1982 1983 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-34. Soii Lead for 1980 Through 1983

~,

0 e'

LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1 98T 1988 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Fi gure 5-35. Soi1 Lead for 1984 Through 1988

1 I

26.0 LEGEND 23.4 1980 1981 20.8 EZ 1 982 1 8.2 1983 I

C9 is.s 13.0

C3

+O C9 1 0.4 7.8 5.2 2.6 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-36. Soi1 tIicke1 for 1980 Through 1983

\

26.0 23.4 1984 1985 20.8 1986 18.2 1 987 I 15.6 1988 I c9 1

1 3.0 0.4 7.8 5.2 2.6 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO+ SO1 SO2 SOS SO+ SO5 STATION Figure 5-37. Soil Nickel for 1984 Through 1988

.80 LEGEND

.72 1 980 1981 1 982

.58 1 983

~I Q c9

.40 CL CD

~ 32

.24

.16

.08 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-38. Soil Cadmium for 1980 Through 1983

C 0

.80 LEGEND

.72 1984 1985

.64 1986

.56 1987 1 988

~ CA

>I Q C9 AO Q

CD

.32

.24

.16

.08 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-39. Soil Cadmium for 1984 Through 1988

90 LEGEND 1980 80 1 981 1982 TO 1983 C) a 50 CD 30 20 GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-40. Soil Zinc for 1980 Through 1983

o 70 LEGEND 1984 1 985 80 1986 55 1 98T I 50 1988 KI45 C9 C) 40 CD 35 30

,20 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION figure 5-41. Soi1 Zinc for 1984 Through 1988

22.0 LEGEND 1 9.8 1 980 1981 17.8 EZ 1982 18.4 1 983 I

C9 C/l 13.2 1 1.0

~ C)

CO C9 oo 8.8 8.8 4.4 2.2 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATlON Figure 5-42. Soi1 Chrom)um for 1980 Through 1983

22.0 LEGEND 1 9.8 1984 1 985 17.8 1986 15A 1987 I

C9 13.2 1988 1 1.0 O

~o~

oo 8.8 8.8 2.2 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-43. Soil Chromium for l984 Through l988

0

.20 LEGEND

.18 1980 1981

.18 1982 1983

.12 g

.10 Oy 8 .08

.08

.04

.02 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-44. Soil Sodium for 1980 Through 1983

Cl 0'

.20 LEGEND

.18 1984 1985

.18 1986 1987 1988

.10 C) y 5 .08

.08

.04

.02 0

GO1 GO2 GOG GO+ SO1 SO2 SOS SO+ SO5 STATION Figure 5-45. Soi1 Sodium for 1984 Through 1988

V

.50 LEGEND 1980 1981 1982

.35 1983 g,30

>o D ~

gy.'n cn 0-P c9

.20

.15

.10

.05 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-46. Soil Potassium for 1980 Through 1983

0

.50 LEGEND 1984 1985 1 986

.35 1987

.50 1988

>og

.25 P M

.20

.15

.10

.05 0

G01 G02 GOB G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATlO8 Figure 5-47. Soi 1 Potassium for 1984 Through 1988

.750 LEGEND

~ 675 1980 1981

.SOO 1 982

.525 1983

.450 g

.375 IZ

.300

~ 225

.150

.075 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-48. Soil -Calcium for 1980 Through 1983

0 0

.750 LEGEND

.875 1984 1 985

~ 600 1986

.525 1 98T

.450 1988 g

.375

.300

.225 150

.075 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-49. Soil Calcium for 1984 Through 1988

0'

.80 LEGEND

.72 1981 1982

.e+

1983

.58 g .~

go

.32

.24 18

.08 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-50. Soi1 Magnesium for 1980 Through 1983

.eo LEGEND

.72 1984 1 985

.e+

1986

.5e 1 987

.48 1988 Qog 5+

.32

.24

.oe 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-5I. Soi1 Magnesium for 1984 Through 1988

0 20 LEGEND 18 1980 1981 16 1982 1 983 ps 0

(z 1 984 O ~ 1 985 ps 10 1986

)~

4J CJ 1987

((

1988 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-52. Copper Concentration (ug/g) in

~i~mb~im ~1~1~1m by Station for 1980 Through 1988

lg t 10 LEGEND 1980 1981 EZ 1 982 1 983 Q

8 1984 O (g)

M I 5 1985 1986 1 98T 1988 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO+ SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATlON Figure 5-53.

~

Copper Concentration 1988 by bt ti (ug/g) in I'bbb Leg, tb rb

30 LEGEND 1980 a

25 1981 1 982 20 1 983 FJ Q 1984

< (n 1985 D 15 0

c) 1986 Q

~ C3 UJ O ~ 1 987 10 1988 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-54. Copper Concentration (ug/g) in

~i ~ri<~natta by Station '~rml for 1980 Through 1988

LEGEND 1 980 1981 qggg 1 983

="I 1 984 O

CD 8(n 5 x

I O 4 1 985 1986 Q CD bJ 198T 1988 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-55. Copper Concentration (ug/g) in Pgr ~hi ~

Sr~i lan;~ by Station for 1980 Through 1988

20 LEGEND 18 1 980 1981 16 EiZ 1 982 14 1 983 1 984

~~

CL O

cn pi C~

D 10 1985 1986 g

) 8 1 987 1988 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-56. Copper Concentration (ug/g) in P~hl

~ln(~if ~li L by Station for 1980 Through 1988

20 LEGEND 18 1980 1981 16 EZ 1 982 1983 9

D~

Q I CD Cn 12 1984 10 1 985 gm F= m

~< D 1986

~ CD 198T 1988 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATlON Figure 5-57. Copper Concentration (ug/g) in B~r muZ 4~~r m by Station'for 1980 Through 1988

0 20 LEGEND 18 POSA BRTE 16 EZ slAL 14 PHLO F%

Q 12 PUTR

<~

Q O

cn 10 ARTR

)

QJ 8 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STAT! ON Figure .5-58. Total Vegetation Copper for Hay 1988

.50 LEGEND 1980 1 981 1982

.35 1983 Q .30 1984

.25 1985 1986 1 987 1988

.10

.05 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-59. Chloride Concentration (1.) I'n Lqa M~nd rq)) -by Stat)on for 1980 Through 1988

1.20 LEGEND 1.08 1980

.96 D 1981 FZ iqa2 1983 LU

.72 1984 C)

.60 1985 QJ CD 1986

.46 I

OC 1 987 LaJ

.36 1 988

.24

.12 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SOS STATION Figure 5-60.

Xlawb \ ~t\

Chloride Concentration (X) in 1980 Through 1988

~ t 5t tl

1.50 LEGEND 1.35 1 980 1981 1.20 E~Z iss2 1.05 1 983

.90 1984 1985

.75 1986

.60 1 987

.45 1988

.30

.15 GO1 GO2 GOD GO4 SO1 SO2 SOD SO4 SO5 STATION FIgure 5-61. ChIor/de ConcentratIon (A) >n

~t ~\ ~l ty tt ti 1980 Through 1988

.210 LEGEND

.189 1 980 1981

.1 68 1982

.1 47 1983 IJJ 9 .126 1 984 C)

.105 1 985 4J 1986

.084 CV I 1987 OC UJ

.063 1 988

.042

.021 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATlON FigUre 5-62. Chloride Concentration V.) in ~r hie

~P Station for 1980 ThroUgh

'y 1988

.60 LEGEND

.54 1980 1981 EZ 1982

.42 1983 Lxl

.36 1984 C)

.30 1985 1986 198 j

.18 1988 12

.06 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-63. Ch1oride Concentration (f.) in ~6r m by Station for 1980 Through mph'~<~r 1988

.220 LEGEND

.196 1980 1981

.1 76 EZ 1982

.154 R 1983 DJ B 1984 C)

.1 10 1985 8 1986

.066 I 1987 OC QJ

.066 1 988

.044

.022 0

G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-64. Chloride Concentration (1.) in Phlox

~l \ ty y ti i* iyt tt t 1988

0 1.50 LEGEND POSA BRTE 1.20 EiZ slAL 1.05 P. PHLO Lxl ID .90 CL P UTR C)

.75 ARTR

.60 4J

.45

.30

.15 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO+ SO5 STATION Figure 5-65. Total Vegetation Chloride for Hay 1988

0'

.20 LEGEND

.18 POSA BRTE

.16 EZ sIAL

.14 PHLO PUTR

.10 ARTR CD

.08 0

I OC LIJ

.06

.04

.02 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION Figure 5-66. TotaI Vegetation Su1fate for May 1988

.20 LEGEND

.18 1980 1981

.1e EZ 1982 1 983 1984

.10 1985 1986 1 987

.Oe 1988

.04

.02 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO+ SO1 SO2 SO3 SO+ SO5 STATION Figure S-67. Su1fate Concentrations (1.) in ~P hJ't~ by Station for 1980 Through 1988

.350 LEGEND

,315 1980 1981

.280 1982

.245 1983 E

.210 1984

.175 1985 1986 1 987

.105 1988

.070

.035 GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO+ SO5 STATlON Figure 5-68. Sulfate Concentration ('/) in Q~rmgz

~GOD by Stationfor 1980 Through 1988

v>

~,

.320 LEGEND

.288 1980 1981

.256 1982

.224 1983

à .192 1984

.1 60 1985 1986 C3

.128 1987

.096 1988

.064

.032 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION (fl in ~remit Figure 6-69.

1988 tl't ti Sulfate Concentration f tt tt

0

~

.30 LEGEND

.27 1980 1981

.24 1 982

.21 1 983

à .18 1984

.15 1985 1986

.12 1 987

~ 09 1'9'88

.06

.03 G01 G02 G03 G04 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 STATION Figure 5-70. Suii'ate Concentration ('/> in nu~rhi t~r/d I~n~ by Statjon for 1980 Through t 988

.220 LEGEND

.198 1 980 1981

.176 EZ 1 982

.154 1 983

à .132 1984 1985

.1 10 cn 1986

.088 1 987

.066 1 988

.044

.022 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION P

Figure 5-71. Su1fate Concentration in Phlox

~T by gt tl f lybt Tb gb 1988 .

0 0

1.20 LEGEND 1.08 1980 1981 EZ ~aa2

.84 1 983 1 984

.60 1 985 8 1986 CD

.48 I

OC 1987 LIJ

.36 1988

.24

.12 0

GO1 GO2 GO3 GO4 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 STATION K

Figure 5-72. Su1fate Concentrations (X) in 5is~mr~im ~11 ~1m~v by Station for 1980 Through 1988

N T. IS 0

~+if'jr'RAVELPIT rr ST. 14 0

Ul ST. 12 rr rr O~

~o ST. 12 Op rr+

ST.11

-- WYE BARACADE POWER UNE ST IOW ~ ASHE

/ SUBSTATION

/ 0 I3

// EOF ST S ~i~

PSF gj ii+

/

GC 0 rr

+ R

,/ rr 0

CO V

+~ / rrr rr rr C) rr

//

5 IQ

~0 0 rr 0D 0 ST.4 g + rr

//

lL rrr 0

"e rr

/ p Issr.s 00 ACCESS RD. rr FFTF ST. 2 00 ST. 1 I3~,

( .

BURIAL+'ROUND SCALE (MILES) 0 .5 'I 1.5 Figure 5-73. Location Map of Cooling Tower Drift 999951 MARCH 1989 Monitoring Sites SAMPLE LOCATIONS WITH REPUCATE SAMPLES ST. 18 CONTROL SAMPLE LOCATIONAT OLD HANFORD TO)VNSITE 5-101

Collector Vessel 18" High ,Pj.'::@33 Q.

6" Diameter O Ls 0

I V

0 O

0

'a C

0 U

CO C9 18" "j~q'0': ',<<4'j&<<>wjy8$wp~g.'.

'pss '<<<<px,~$+, +~~ @~<<~g.

'x Mm&p ~p~g vooiirig Tower c.oiiector Vesseis 890317 Figure 5-74. Cooling Tower Dritt Collection Vessel 5-102

0 6,0 E LI 6 1 I D Columbia River water is removed through two perforated stainless steel intake structures and pumped to HNP-2 where it is primarily used to replace cooling water lost to evaporation and drift. Each intake structure is 107 cm (42 in) in diameter and approximately 6 m (20 ft) in length. Hater is removed through four perforated pipe sections (2 each per intake structure) each 2 m (6.5 ft) in length with 0.95 cm (3.8 in) circular holes. A 91 cm (36 in) diameter perforated internal sleeve is used to equalized flow. Abnormal flow conditions may result in 47,300 to 94,600 liters per minute (lpm) (12,500 to 25,000 gpm) being removed from an intake structure, with the respective modeled (Hashington Public Power Supply System, 1977) entrance velocities of 0.20 to 0.34 mps (0.50 and 1.1 fps). Under normal operating condi-tions 47,300 lpm (12,500 gpm) is removed through both intake struc-tures (24,000 lpm or 6,250 gpm per structure) with an estimated entrance velocity of 0.05 mps. (0.15 fps), River velocities measured near the perforated pipes ranged between 1.22 and 1.53 mps (4 to 5 fps).

6.2 ND T D Historical studies were conducted between 1978 and 1979 (Beak Consul-tants, 1980; Mudge et. al., 1981) using SCUBA divers. Routinely, divers inspect and report any fish impingement on or interaction with the intake structure, the need for maintenance, unusual conditions such as accumulation of submerged debris and plugging of water entrance orifices by periphyton. Video tape record logs of intake fouling may be made in the fall at four stations (two per intake), each measuring approximately 400 cm (64 in ) in size. In 1986, the monthly (March through November) survey period was reduced to a semiannual inspection of the screen fouling and riverbed stability.

6-1

6.3 T D D The intake inspections took place in July and in October. No fish were found impinged on the -intake screens and algal growth was moderate. Fouling of the intake screens were comparable to past years. No unusual movement of the riverbed was noted.

6.4 RPY Beak Consultants, Inc. 1980. Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-1, 2, and 4, August 1978 through March 1980. Supply System Columbia River Ecology Studies Vol. 7. Portland, OR.'udge, J.E., G.S. Jeane II, K.P. Campbell, B.R. Eddy and L.E. Foster.

1981. Evaluation of a perforated pipe intake structure for fish protection. In: Advanced Intake Technology For Power Plant Cooling Hater Systems.

Washington Public Power Supply System. 1977. WNP-2 Environmental Report Operating License Stage. Richland, WA.

6-2

70 QQB I L L I . I JIIIOI LN The Asiatic clam (G~t~igla jlggzey,) is an introduced species which has caused problems at electrical generating plants. Extensive fouling by relic shells have reduced cooling water flow rates in safety-related systems necessitating plant shutdowns in the southeast. Because of these problems, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued Inspection and Enforcement Bulletin 81-03 in April, 1981. This bulletin requires holders of operating licenses to inspect these systems for the presence of the bivalve.

7N2 A D H Surveys of the tower make-up (TMU) pump pit, the circulating water pumphouse and the main condenser water boxes are conducted at least once a year. The inspections of the TMU and circulating water pump-house is done with SCUBA when the pump pits are filled.

7.3 D D N

An extensive inspection of the main condenser water boxes was conducted during the annual refueling outage. No living Q~ijii~ or relic shells were found. The circulating water pumphouse pit was not drained during the outage, however, no evidence of Cgzhj~l was found during maintenance dives there. The December, 1987 inspection dive in the TMU pit revealed that the population of clams there continued to be small.

7-1

'A 8.1 The

~l 8.0 aerial photography program PH T began RAPHY R A in June of 1988 to monitor the vegetation surrounding HNP-2 for impact due to cooling tower opera-tion. Aerial photographs taken with color infrared (CIR) film, allow large areas to be monitored and to detect signs of possible stress before it becomes visible to the h'uman eye. In addition to examina-tion for stress, the photographs will be compared with those taken in following years to look for changes in vegetation patterns and ev-idence of cumulative damage. This program is performed to comply with Hashington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC)

Resolution No. 239 dated September 14, 1987.

8. I IB28228 KPMKXHQMD This program was planned using guidelines published in NUREG/CR-1231 (NRC, 1980). This report outlined the basic requirements for an aerial monitoring program and suggested types of film, photograph scales, frequency of photograph acquisition and the size of prints.

Five flightlines (Figure 8.1) were planned to cover the areas of great-est deposition according to the drift model constructed by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL, 1976). Two flightlines, approx-imately 7 miles (11.2 Km.) in length, run in a general north-south direction. These flightlines run between the two areas of greatest deposition according to the model. The other three flightlines of approximately 5 miles (8.1 Km.) in length, run in an east-west direc-tion and were placed to cross gradients of, deposition. The five flightlines were flown at an altitude of 1,550 feet (477m.) above mean sea level. The flightline coordinates are stored in the long-range navigation (LORAN) system in the contractors airplane. This allows the same lines to be photographed in following years.

8-1

The photographs were taken with Kodak Aerochrome 2443 color infrared film in a Hasselblad ELM 70mm camera. A Planar lens with a 80mm focal length was used with a number 12 Wratten filter attached. The scale is 1:6,000 in a 70mm x 70mm format. The r'elatively large scale of 1:6,000 was chosen as being large enough to differentiate the types of brush in the areas surrounding WNP-2. The 70mm size was chosen over the larger nine inch by nine inch format for ease of handling and the storage of the nearly 500 photographs.

Color infrared (CIR) film was chosen over natural color or black and white film because the symptoms of stress on vegetation may show in the infrared wavelengths before it becomes apparent in the visible wavelengths. CIR film is easier to interpret than black and white infrared because the shades of color are easier to differentiate than the subtler shades of gray in the monochromatic infrared. Healthy vegetation wi 11 show as a dark red or magenta color. Stressed vegeta-tion will show lighter shades of red to white. Interpretation of the photographs is done on a light table and viewed, with magnifying glass or stereo microscope. A plastic sheet is put over the photographs to protect the film and to allow areas of interest to be marked with a grease pencil. Each photograph is examined and signs of stress are noted by flightline number and frame number. The photographs are taken with an overlap of 50/ to make it possible to view them in stereo if desired. The 501. overlap was maintained during the acquisi-tion by controlling the shutter with an intervelometer.

The photographs were used in the placing of the samplers for the cool-ing tower drift study. The samplers were placed on portions of the two north-south flightlines. In future overflights, the stations may be used to ground truth the photographs. Markers will be put out next to the samplers to make the stations easier to find on the photo-graphs. The ground truthing will consist of a survey of an area or areas on a flightline and examination of the vegetation for other signs of stress.

0 i

8-2

8.3 ND DI I The overflight was done on June 14 by the contractor, Photography Plus of Umatilla, Oregon. This first overflight was done a month later than originally planned and missed the time of peak photosynthesis, which is when the vegetation would show signs of stress best on CIR film. The delay was caused by some initial planning problems. How-ever, it was felt that the overflight should be performed. This would allow the contractor the opportunity to set the flightline coordinates in the LORAN system. It would also allow Supply System personnel to become familiar with the photographs and practice methods of interpre-tation.

No attempts were made to examine the photographs for signs of stress.

The lateness of the acquisition meant that the vegetation was begin-ning to be stressed by the onset of the hot summer temperature in addition to the drought condition that was prevalent in the area. The photographs were examined only for quality, which was found to be good, and to familiarize the interpreter with working with the strips of photographs. The 1988 photographs will be compared with those of following years to check vegetation density and patterns.

8 4 ~BLLMMHK Shipley, B.L., S.B. Pahwa, M.D. Thompson and R.B. Lantz. 1980.

NUREG/CR-1231. Remote sensing for detection and monitoring of salt stress on vegetation: Evaluation and guidelines. Final report, September 1976-March 1979. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Hashington, D.C.

Droppo, J.G., C.E. Hane and R.K. Hoodruff. 1976. Atmospheric effects of circular mechanical draft cooling towers at Hashington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Plant Number Two. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, HA.

8-3

N 0 Q

~.:q DOE

~ "~,,

GRAVEL PIT C ".A;",~~ggANNr~egg~.,

Pl

'4

+o~

Pg a<

Oy 9P POWER LINE WYE BARACADE FUGHTLINE 3 ASHE SUBSTATION

~o

$ rrr FLIGHTLINE4 0

/ / g%

/ EOF PSF 0 n FUGHTLINE 5 0 ~/

/

g/

C0 VN C) 1 Ql qO

/' O 0

/ / OP

/  %~<r<

yO

/ / ACCESS RD.

~o Cpp

/ / Og BURIAL GROUND SCALE (MILES) 0 .5 1 1.5 CIRCLE INDICATES FLIGHTLINESTARTING POINT FIGURE 8-1 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FLIGHTLINES 8-4

-