ML17292A160

Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2,1995 Annual Rept. W/960430 Ltr

ML17292A160
Person / Time
Site:	Columbia
Issue date:	12/31/1995
From:	Webring R WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
To:	Zeller J WASHINGTON, STATE OF
References
GO2-96-093, GO2-96-93, NUDOCS 9605060364
Download: ML17292A160 (80)

Text

CA'TEQORY j.

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ACCESSION ABR:9605060364 DOC.DATE: 95/12/31 NOTARIZED: NO DOCKET FACIL:50~397 WPPSS Nuclear Project, Unit 2, Washington Public Powe 05000397 AUTH. NAME AUTHOR AFFILIATION WEBRING,R.L. Washington Public Power Supply System RECIP.NAME RECIPIENT AFFILIATION P~fl'ly P ZELL'ERgJ.J. Washington, State of

SUBJECT:

"Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant C 2,1995 Annual Rept." W/960430 ltr. A DISTRIBUTION CODE: C001D COPIES RECEIVED:LTR ENCL SIZE:

TITLE: Licensing Submittal: Environmental Rept Amdt '& Related Correspondence T NOTES: E RECIPIENT COPIES RECIPIENT COPIES ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL ID CODE/NAME LTTR ENCL PD4-2 PD 1 1 CLIFFORDgJ 1 1 INTERNAL: ACRS 6 6 LE 1 1 NUDOCS-ABSTRACT 1 1 1 0 RGN4 DRSS/RPB 1 1 EXTERNAL: LITCO AKERS,D 1 1 NOAC 1 1 NRC PDR 1 1 D

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TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR 15 ENCL .

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'4 WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM P.O. Box 968 ~ 3000 George Washington Way ~ Richland, Washington 99352-0968 ~ (509) 372-5000 April 30, 1996 G02-96-093 Mr. Jason J. Zeller, Manager Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council P.O. Box 43172 Olympia, WA 98501-3172

Subject:

SUPPLY SYSTEM NUCLEAR PLANT NO. 2 ECOLOGICALMONITORINGPROGRAM ANNUALREPORT FOR 1995

Reference:

Letter dated March 27, 1996, JV Parrish (Supply System) to JJ Zeller (EFSEC),

"Nonradiological Environmental Monitoring Program" Enclosed, please find five (5) copies of the subject report which is submitted per Council Resolution No. 266. In the referenced letter the Supply System proposed to discontinue the monitoring activities because ten years of data have not disclosed any environmental impact attributable to plant operation. If you have questions concerning the report or the monitoring program, please contact W.A. Kiel at (509) 377-4490.

Sincerely, R.L. Webring (Mail Drop PE08)

Vice President, Operations Support/PIO Enclosures cc (w/encl):

L Russell (WDOE-Kenn)

RL Dirkes (PNNL)

JW Clifford (NRC NRR)

LJ Callan (NRC RIV)

NRC Document Control Desk (Docket No. 50-397)

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DI TRIBUTION CKET FILE PBIV-2 R/L DFOSTER-CURSEEN 5ARCH 7, 1995 DOCKET NOIS). 50-397, STN 50-'528, p ~

STN 50-529, AND STN 50-530 SEE ATTACHED LIST

SUBJECT:

SEMIANNUAL RADIOACTIVE EFFLUENT RELEASE REPORT FOR PALO VERDE NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION AND ')lPPSS NUCLEAR PROSPECT, UNIT 2 The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information.

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT DATED Notice of Receipt of Application Draft/Final Environmental Statement Notice:of Availability of Draft/Final Environmental Statement Safety Evaluation Report, or Supplement No.

Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact Notice of Issuance of Environmental Assessment J'=

Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License or Amendment to-Facility Operating License Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Operating Licenses Involvin No Si nifleant Hazards Conditions See S p Page(s)

Exemption Construction Permit No. CPPR- Amendment No.'Amendment

.Facility Operating License No. No.

Order Monthly Operating Report for transmitted by, Letter Annual/Semi. Annual Report: 9/22/94 P I transmitted by Letter 8 31 94 Other Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation PROSPECT DIRECTORATE IV-2

Enclosures:

As Stated CC:

OFFICE> ...LR;DRP.'8 '......

SURNAME>

.FOSXKR-..GV 5 EN.

OATEN 3/7/95 NRC FORM 3te tto/eol NRCM 0240 OFF(CIAL RECORD COPY

I DISTRIBUTION,

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DFoster-Curseen Guly 29, 1994 DocKET No(s).".; '0-397

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Jerry Leitch Radiation Program tfanager, Region 10 Enmionmental Protection Agency 1200 Eisth Avenue Seattle, MA 98101 sUBJEGT: I'tNP-2 Operational Ecological .'Itonitoring Program Annual Report and Radiological Environ IIonitoring Program Annual Report The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for yourinformation.

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT. DATED '

Notice of Receipt of Application Draft/Final Environmental Statement Notice of Availability of Draft/Final Environmental Statement Safety Evaluation Report, or Supplement No.

Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact "

, Notice of Issuance of Environmental Assessment

'ee Notice of Consideration of Issuance of, Facility. Operating License or Amendment to Facility Operating License'. ~

" Biweekly Notice;,Applications and Amendments to Operating Licenses lnvolvin No si nifIcant Hazards conditions .. ~ S p Pagefsl Exemption Construction Permit No. CPPR- ,. Amendment No.

Facility Operating License No. -,Amendment No.

Order A

Other

't Monthly Operating Report for Annual/gg(r(pgIl9al Report: e ~

transmitted by Letter by Letter 4/29/94 4/28/94 'ransmrtted Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Project Directorate IV-2

Enclosures:

As Stated CC:

OFFICE> ".LA;.MP suRNAME>

.OF.oster.- r. een OATEN 7/29/94 NRC FORM 31a 110/ao) NRCM 0240 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY

W Distribution PDV R/F DFoster-Curseen March 24, i994 DOCKET NO(S). 50-397

~n Dr. (lilliam C. Cyaningham FDA Research Chemist WIST Building 235/8125 Gaither sburg, IID 20899

SUBJECT:

I'lASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEII

. The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information.

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT Notice of Receipt of Applic'ation Draft/Final Environmental Statement

'DATED Notice of Availability of Draft/Final Environmental Statement Safety Evaluation Report, or Supplement No.

Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact".

Notice of issuance of Environmental Assessment Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License or, Amendment to Facility Operating License Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Operating Licenses Involvin No Si nifIcant Hazards Conditions ~ 'See Page(s) 'xemption Construction Permit No. CPPR- , Amendment No.

Facility Operating License No. ,Amendment No.

Order Monthly Operating Report for transmitted by Letter Annual/Semi-Annual Report:

transmitted by Letter Other ANNUAL ENVIR N('IEIITAI 0 ERA 2/25/94 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Project Directorate V

Enclosures:

As Stated CC:

PoP /

OFFICE> 'PQV suRNAMEt

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Fester.

DATE> Curseen "9 y'24/94" NRC FORM 318 Ito/aoI NRCM 0240 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY

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'tributi cocket,r~ e on PDV R/f Dfoster-Gurseeii (larch 24, 1994 DOCKET NO(S) .. 60".397 Chief, Branch of federal Activities Di vi si on of Habi tat Conservati on 400 ARLSQ U.S. fish and Wildlife Service 1849 C Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20240

SUBJECT:

WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM The following documents concerning our review of the subject facility are transmitted for your information. -,-

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT i ~ DATED ~

Notice of Receipt of Application Draft/Final Environmental Statement Notice of Availability of Draft/Final Environmental Statement Safety Evaluation Report, or Supplement.No.

Environmental Assessment and Finding. of No Significant Impact'otice of Issuance of Environmental Assessment Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License or Amendment to Facility Operating License Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Operating Licenses.,

Involvin No Si nificant Hazards Conditions See Page(s)

Exemption Corlstruction Permit No.'PPR- ..Amendment.No.

Facility. Operating License No. ,Amendment No.

Order 11 1 t operating Report for transmitted'by Letter 2/25/94 Annual/Semi-Annual Report:

'4 transmitted by Letter

. Other 1 - E) DC r1/28/94.

Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation PROSPECT DIRECTORATE V

Enclosures:

.As Stated CC:

LA:PDV OFFICE>

"Nos'ter"-"

Zurseen "" ""

SURNAME>

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t OATEN 3/24/94

'NRC FORM 318 <to/801 NRCM 0240 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY

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~ocket File PDV R/F March 23, 1994 DOCKET NOIS). "'50.-.397 Hr. cherry Leitch Radipgion Program flanager, Region 9 (Ai-492)

Environmental Protection Agency

$ 200 Sixth Avenue Seattle, MA 9810i sUBJECT: TRANSMITTAL'F ANNUAL REPORTS'FOR 'HPPSS NUCLEAR PROSPECT, UNIT 2

'" The following documents concerning our review of the subject. facility,are transmitted for your information... ~ -

DATED.

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT .

Notice of Receipt of Application Draft/Final Environmental Statement Notice of Availability of Draft/Final Environmental Statement Safety Evaluation Report, or Supplement No..

Environmental Assessment and Finding of No Significant Impact Notice of Issuance of Environmental Assessment Notice of Consideration of Issuance of Facility Operating License. or Amendment to Facility Operating License Biweekly Notice; Applications and Amendments to Operating Licenses Involvin No Si nificant Hazards Conditions See S p Page fsl Exemption Construction Permit No. CPPR- , Amendment No.

Facility, Operating License No. ",Amendment No. - 'I, ~

Order lOperating Report for transmitted by Letter

. Annualjppfppprltjpl Report: 2/28/94 transmitted by Letter

...Other Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Project Directorate V

Enclosures:

As Stated=-

CC:

OFFiCEW suRNAME>

OATEN NRC FORM 318 110/a ) NRCM 0240 OFFICIAL RECORD COPY

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Section ~Pa e EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLES FIGURES

1.1 BACKGROUND

1.2 THE SITE 2.0 WATER QUALITY 2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2-1 2.2 MATERIALSAND METHODS 2-2 2.2.1 Sample Collection 2-3 2.2.2 Analysis Methods 2-4 2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2-6 2.2.1 Temperature 2-6 2.2.2 Dissolved Oxygen 2-7 2.2.3 pH and Alkalinity 2-8 2.2.4 Hardness 2-9 2.2.5 Conductivity 2-10 2.2.6 Turbidity 2-10 2.2.7 Metals (Total) 2-12 2.2.8 Oil and Grease 2-16 2.2.9 Total Phosphorus and Inorganic Phosphate 2-16 2.2.10 Sulfate 2-18 2.2.11 Total Dissolved Solids 2-18 2.2.12 VOCs and Semi-VOCs 2-19

3.0 SOIL AND VEGETATION STUDIES 3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3-1 3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3-3 3.2.1 Herbaceous Canopy Cover 3-3 3.2.2 Herbaceous Phytomass 3-3 3.2.3 Soil Chemistry 3-3 3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3-4 3.2.1 Herbaceous Cover 3-7 3.2.2 Herbaceous Phytomass 3-12 3.2.3 Soil Chemistry 3-18

4.0 REFERENCES

4-1

0 ~

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

The Ecological Monitoring Program is comprised of several elements which are intended to determine the effects of the operation of the Supply System's Nuclear Plant No. 2 on the environment. These program elements include: plant effluent and Columbia River water quality; vegetation cover and phytomass'in selected plots; and 'soil chemistry at established sampling locations. The results of the 1995 monitoring efforts may be summarized as follows:

Plant cooling water discharges had no discernible effect on Columbia River water quality.

No measurable effects of plant cooling tower drift were observed on vegetation cover, phytomass, or soil chemistry. A dramatic increase in cover and phytomass was observed at most stations. This is in direct correlation with the record precipitation recorded during the growing season.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report, prepared by the Washington Public Power Supply System, describes the soil and vegetation studies, and water quality programs for WNP-2.

Terry E. Northstrom Supervisor, Environmental Sciences Deborah C. Singleton Environmental Scientist Richard E. Welch Environmental Scientist

LIST OF TABLES Title P~ae 2-1. Summary of Water Quality Parameters, Stations, and Sampling Frequencies, 1995 2-2 2-2. Summary of Water Quality Parameters, EPA and Standard Methods Numbers 2-4 2-3 Summary of Temperature ('C) Measurements 2-6 2-4. Summary of Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Measurements 2-6 2-5. Summary of pH Measurements 2-7 2-6. Summary of Alkalinity(mg/L as CaCOa ) Measurements 2-8 2-7. Summary of Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCOa) Measurements 2-8 Summary of Conductivity (pS/cm) Measurements 2-9 Summary of Turbidity (NTU) Measurements 2-10 2-10. Summary of Copper (pg/L) Measurements 2-11 2-11. Summary of Nickel (pg/L) Measurements 2-12 2-12. Summary of Zinc (pg/L) Measurements 2-12 2-13. Summary of Iron (pg/L) Measurements 2-13 2-14. Summary of Lead ('pg/L) Measurements 2-15. Summary of Cadmium (pg/L) Measurements 2-16. Summary of Chromium (pg/L) Measurements 2-14 2-17. Summary of Oil and Grease (mg/L) Measurements 2-15 2-18. Summary of Total Phosphorus (mg/L as P) Measurements 2-16 2-19. Summary of Inorganic Phosphate (mg/L as P) Measurements 2-16 ~

LIST OF TABLES (Continued)

Number Title ~Pa e 2-20. Summary of Sulfate (mg/L) Measurements 2-17 2-21. Summary of Quarterly Total Dissolved Solid (mg/L) Measurements 2-22. Summary of Volatile Organic. Compound Measurements 2-23. Summary of Semivolatile Organic Compound Measurements 3-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1995 3-4

'-8 3-2. Herbaceous Cover for Fifteen Sampling Stations - 1995 3-3. Mean Frequency Values (%) by Species for Each Sampling Station 3-9 3-4. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 through 1995 3-10 3-5. Herbaceous Phytomass Measurements for 1995 3-14 3-6. Comparison of Herbaceous Phytomass (g/m') for 1975 through 1995 3-15 3-7. Summary of Soil Chemistry for 1995 3-16

LIST OF FIGURES Number Title P~ae 1-1. WNP-2 Location Map 1-2 2-1. Location of Sampling Stations 2-1 2-2. Schematic of River Sample Locations for Water Quality 2-5 3-1. Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map 3-2 3-2. Layout of Vegetation and Soil Sampling Plots 3-3 ~

3-3. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 through 1995 3-13 3-4.. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Total Precipitation 3-13 3-5. Phytomass at Grassland and Shrub Stations for 1975 through 1995 3-15

1.1 BACKGROUND

The Site Certification Agreement (SCA) for WNP-2 was approved on May 17, 1972, by the State of Washington and the Washington Public Power Supply System (Supply System). The SCA requires that environmental monitoring be conducted during the preoperational'and operational phases of site development and use. The objective of the monitoring program is to provide an environmental measurement history for evaluation by the Supply System and the Washington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC) and to identify significant effects of plant operation on the environment. Since 1972, several revisions of the monitoring program have been approved by EFSEC in the form of SCA attachments and EFSEC resolutions Nos. 193, 194, 214, 239, and 266.

Most of the studies, analyses, and reports for the preoperational (1973-1984) environmental program of the SCA were performed by outside laboratories for the Supply System. The aquatic studies were in reports by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories for the period of September 1974 through August 1978 (Battelle 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979a, 1979b) and by Beak Consultants, Inc. for the period of August 1978 through March 1980 (Beak 1980). The terrestrial program was performed and reports were prepared by Battelle from 1974 until 1979 (Rickard 1976, 1977, 1979a, 1979b) and then by Beak from 1980 to 1982 ( Beak 1981, 1982a, 1982b).

Since 1983, Supply System scientists have been responsible for the entire operational environmental monitoring program. Using the data acquired during 1984, the first comprehensive operational environmental annual report was prepared by Supply System scientists (Supply System 1985) and has since continued annually (Supply System 1986 through 1994). A few studies and reports were completed by Supply System personnel prior to the annual reports, including animal studies (Schleder 1982, 1983, 1984) and terrestrial monitoring (Northstrom 1984).

This report presents the results of the Ecological Monitoring Program for the period of January through December 1995.

1.2 THE SITE The Supply System leases the WNP-2 site (441 hectares or 1089 acres) from the U. S.

Department of Energy. WNP-2 lies within the boundaries of the Columbia Basin between the Cascade Range in Washington and Blue Mountains in Oregon and comprises approximately two-thirds of the area lying east of the Cascades. Approximately 5 km (3.25 miles) to the east, the site is bounded by the Columbia River. The plant communities within the region are described as shrub-steppe communities consisting of various layers of perennial grasses overlaid by a discontinuous layer of shrubs. In general, moisture relations do not support arborescent species, except along streambanks. In August 1984, a range fire destroyed much of the shrub cover on the Hanford site and temporarily modified the shrub-steppe associations which were formerly present.

1-1

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2.0 WATER QUALITY

2.1 INTRODUCTION

The water quality sampling stations are located near the west bank of the Columbia River at river mile 352. Sampling was limited to the main channel on the Benton County side. Near the site, the river averages 3,70 meters (1200 feet) wide with a water surface elevation of 105 meters (345 feet) above sea level and ranges to 7.3 meters (24 feet) deep. Sampling stations have been established in the river both upstream and downstream from the plant intake and discharge structures. The river level in this area fluctuates considerably during a 24-hour period and from day to day in response to release patterns at the Priest Rapids Dam (river mile 397).

2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS Figure 2-1. Location of Sampling Stations Columbia River Surface water was sampled monthly from January through December 1995. Samples were collected Plow near river mile 352 from four stations numbered 1, 7, 11, Island and 8 (Figures 2-1 and 2-2). Station 1 is upstream of the WNP-2 intake and discharge and represents the control.

Station 7 is in the center of the mixing zone approximately 45 meters (150 feet) downstream of the discharge and provides a measure of near field blowdown effects. Station 11, at 91 meters (300 feet) downstream from the discharge, represents the extremity of the mixing zone.

Substations 11M and 11B sample water from middle and bottom depths, respectively. Station 8 is approximately 568 meters (1870 feet) downstream from the discharge and represents a location where the blowdown is well mixed in WNP-2 Discharge the Columbia River. With the exception of Substations io 11M and 11B, Columbia River samples were analyzed for s7 temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, coriductivity, a11 turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, sulfate, total copper, total iron, total ~8 zinc, total nickel, total lead, total cadmium and total chromium. The samples from substations (11M and 11B) were analyzed for total copper only.

Plant blowdown was sampled monthly during 1995. Power Uncs Blowdown samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, sulfate, oil and grease, total copper, total iron, total zinc, total nickel, total lead, total cadmium, and total chromium. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds were analyzed on a quarterly basis.

2-1

The evaporation/percolation pond (storm drain pond) is located approximately 1500 feet northeast of the plant. The pond is a collection point for water from various locations within the controlled area. Water and sediment were sampled monthly and semiannually, respectively. Monthly water samples were analyzed for pH, conductivity, total iron, total copper, total nickel, total zinc, total lead, total cadmium, total chromium, and oil and grease. In addition, quarterly water samples were analyzed for total dissolved solids and VOCs and semi-VOCs. Semiannual sediment samples were analyzed for the same total metals as the monthly water samples, excluding iron. A summary of water quality parameters, stations and sampling frequencies is presented in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1. Summary of Water Quality Parameters, Stations, and Sampling Frequencies, 1995 M M M M M M M M M M M M ht ht ht hl M ht M M hf ht ht h$ M M ht h$ M M M M M M

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~symbols Keg Q Quarterly M Monthly

"~ Samples collected only ifthe plant is operating 2-2

2.2.1 Sam le Collection Columbia River water samples were collected by boat approximately 300 feet from the Benton County shore. Temperature was determined in situ with portable instruments. Water for total metal, conductivity, pH, sulfate; total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate, turbidity, total alkalinity and total hardness analyses was collected in 2.8 liter polypropylene cubitainers and stored in a cooler until delivered to the Supply System's Environmental and Analytical Support Laboratory (EASL). Water for total copper analysis from substations 11M and 11B was collected in one-liter polypropylene cubitainers with an all-Teflon pump and Tygon tubing. Water for dissolved oxygen measurements was collected in 300 ml (Biological Oxygen Demand) bottles.

Blowdown temperature was determined in situ. Water for pH, conductivity, turbidity, total phophorus, inorganic phosphate and total metals analysis was collected in 2.8 liter polypropylene cubitainers. Water for oil and grease and semivolatile organics anlsysis was collected in one-liter clear and amber glass bottles, respectively. Water for volatile organics analysis was collected in 40 ml glass bottles.

Evaporation/percolation pond water for pH, conductivity and total metals was collected in 2.8 liter polypropylene cubitainers. Water for total dissolved solids analysis was collected in 500 ml plastic bottles. Water for oil and grease, VOCs and semi-VOCs was collected as described under blowdown

. sampling. All samples were stored in a cooler until delivered to the laboratory for analysis.

River water quality samples collected during the annual plant maintenance outage (April through June) consisted of station 1 (control) samples only.

2,,2 ~AI i h d Field temperature measurements were made using a Fisher NIST-traceable thermometer. Temperature was recorded to within 0.1'C after the probe had been allowed to equilibrate for a minimum of one minute.

Total metals, sulfate, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, inorganic phosphate, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, VOCs and semi-VOCs, total phosphorus, and oil and grease, were determined by Supply System laboratory personnel. Analyses for total dissolved solids and some total metals were performed by an offsite laboratory. Sample holding times followed those recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1983). Table 2-2 lists the approved EPA and Standard Methods used.

2-3

Table 2-2. Summary of Water Quality Parameters, EPA and Standard Method Method Numbers M

Water Temperature ('C) 170.1 Bio'd'P4'iNb'e""'3408 Turbidity (NTU) 180.1 Conductivity (pS/cm) at 25'C 120.1 Dtsssolved Oxygen (mg/L) Probe 360.1 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) Moditled Wlnkler 3602 pH (Standard Unit) 150.1 Total Alkalinity(mg/L as CaCOs) 310.1 Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCos) 130.2, 6010 Oil and Crease (mg/L) 412.2 Total Phosphorus (mg/L as P) 365.2 4500-P Inorganic Phosphate (mg/L as P) 300,3652 Sulfate (mg/L as Sop 300,375.4 Total Copper (ng/L as Cu) 200.7, 220.1, 2202 Total Iron (ng/L as Fc) 200.7, 236.1, 2362 Total Nickel (pg/L asNI) 200.7e 249.1> 249.2 Total Zinc (pg/L as Zn) 200.7, 289.1, 289.2 Total Lead (pg/L as Pb) 2M.7, 239.1,2392 Total Cadmium (ng/L as Cd) 200.7e 212.1e 2122 Total Chromium (ug/L as Cr) 200.7, 218.1, 218.2 Filterable Residue: TDS (mg/L) 160.1 Volatile Organics (ng/L) 8240

. Semlvolatlle Organics (ng/L) 8270 2-4

Figure 2-2. Schematic of River Sample Locations for Water Quality Sciatica 1 I 555m (1822 fi)

QN 45m (148 a) go'o sl J saam7 II 568m (1870 ft)

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S~8 I 2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The evaporation/percolation pond is a discharge to ground and is not related to potential sects of the blowdown on the Columbia River. There was no plant blowdown during the February sampling event. For all sampling periods, significant interstation differences could not be detected for any of the measured parameters. The water quality monitoring results for both'the river and the pond are presented in the following subsections.

Columbia River surface temperatures varied seasonally with a temperature of 3.2 C at all stations on January 30 and a maximum of 19.8'C at station 1 on September 19 (Table 2-3).

Blowdown temperatures ranged from 19.8'C in January to 41.7 C in July.

2-5

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'Meeeoremente ttttett born coolmtt toeeer 't B. tott 2.3.2 Dissolved 0 en 0 dect'O measurements for each sample station are presented in Table 2-4. Columbia River DO ranged from 9.4 mg/L at Stations 1, 7 and 11 in September to 14.0 mg/L at 'oncentrations Station 1 in February.

Table 2-4. Summary of Dissolved Oxygen (mg/I.) Measurements g~Sttotpltc",.qi t'.",.,:1!!:,:et,"

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0) ~~~~', 11.0 10.8 10.9 10.8

<<SXI9$ @ 12.1 12.1 12.0 12.2 2-6

DO concentrations were inversely related to river temperature as would be expected from solubility laws. DO levels were never below the water quality standard for Class A waters (WDOE 1992) indicating good water quality with respect to dissolved oxygen throughout the year.

.3,3 ~dAlk Ii i Columbia River pH values ranged from 7.47 at Station 1 in January to 8.12 at Station 1 in May.

The pH water quality standard for Class A waters is from 6.5 to 8.5 (WDOE 1992). Blowdown pH values ranged from 7.86 in December, to 8.47 in September. Pond pH values rariged from 7.09 in January to 9.19 in April. Columbia River alkalinities ranged from 49 to 62 mg/L as calcium carbonate. Results for pH and alkalinity are listed in Tables 2-5 and 2-6.

Table 2-5. Summary of pH Measurements

~61Of95~ 7.47 7.5 1 7.48 7.48 8.11 7.09 7.57 7.53 7.59 7.65 7.92 7A8 7.52 7.54 7.53 8.15 8.12 8.01 9.19

'jop3$ 9$ 8.12 7.81

~'ie4j~$

.;,',:: 7.94 8.09 7.83 7.76 7.81 7.82 8.32 7.92 7.94 7.78 8.07 7.91 8.46 8.09

+(,hPI95;.i> 7.87 7.92 7.97 7.85 8.47 8.07 7.62 7.71 7.63 7.73 8.21 8.16

'j<).IW$5~~4 7.64 7.64 7.65 7.64 $ .37 8.04 pp>~??:

p~ jfg0$5jj 7.71 7.65 7.$ 7 7.62 7.86 8.13 2-7

Table 2-6 ummary of AlkalinityMeasurements 61 62 62 62 57 60 58 57

~i')'a95'.:.:"N 55 55 56 55 57 57 49 54 55 55 55 57 58 58 58 57 57 56 57 54 54 54 54 IgHA98$$ 56 56 55 56 61 60 61 61 2.3.4 Hardness Hardness ranged from 55 to 85 mg/L as calcium carbonate. This data is presented in Table 2-7.

Table 2-7. Summary of Total Hardness Mesurements 72 74 72 73 72 73 73 72

!":II9'5!): 71 72 71 71 85 58 SS 59 60 61 60

',:@)ji s;::::,', 66 65 66 67 0:Wf)P)A: 65 64 63 65

~jo~'j',~':. 63 64 63 63 y'k)P8i9$ 67 69 67 66 71 70 69 71 2-8

.,5 <<Cd Columbia River conductivity measurements ranged from 112 pS/cm at 25'C at station 1 in June to 153 pS/cm at 25 C at station 7 in January and February. Blowdown measurements ranged from 1060 pS/cm at 25'C to 1570 pS/cm at 25'C. Storm drain pond values ranged from 68 to 575 pS/cm at 25'C. Conductivity measurements are listed in Table 2-8.

Table 2-8. Summary of Conductivity Measurements

@Pk3x< ':

IQ@d EN').:"::'51

<"i%~<@%:.."'8'<

153 151 152 1140 68 150 153 148 148 575 149 150 149 149 1270 431 146 326 148 273 112 198 128 127 127 130 1480 223 138 140 140 140 1550 226 138 138 138 139 1570 305 125 124 131 133 1340 455 127 129 128 129 1320 433

>i ~3:@$4+@%%~

gihIWSP 146 147 147 147 1060 421 2-9

2.2.7 Turbidit In the Columbia River, measured turbidities were low and ranged from 1.0 nephlometric turbidity units (NTU) to 4.5 NTU. Blowdown values ranged from 9 to 40 NTU. Turbidity results are listed in Table 2-9.

Table 2-9. Summary of Turbidity Measurements gSi'mme~~"':,'.'>4g L>0'gigP54 1.S 1.1 1.4 1.0 10 j(6Pt3855'-'"': 4.0 4.3 4.3 4.2 R8;.gx>i'jK': .8: W::

kON8$ '.-;;.,',: 36 3.8 3.5 3.6 40 I94Q@@;:,"':, 4.5 I~';:: 4.5

~)~85?g 1.0 g670$ 5%:'.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 gr~B@~MXWmg

$ 08PXP5>. 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.6 12

~~Q+9W<)i 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5 16

")N)498 '

2.0 1.9 1.9 2.1 15

~~$ '9698$ j:-1.4 1.5 1.5 1.3 25 FjjZXQ@95$ 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 38 2-10

0

.3,7 ~IT Columbia River cadmium concentrations were below the respective method detection limit (1.4'/L) at all stations during all periods. River copper concentrations ranged from <1.9 pg/L to 4.6 pg/L. Zinc concentrations ranged from <5.0 pg/L to 14.4 pg/L and iron concentrations ranged from 33 pg/L to 218 pg/L Nickel concentrations were generally below the detection limit of 2.0 pg/L. The highest nickel reading of 2.6 pg/L was recorded at station 7 in January.

Blowdown cadmium concentrations were below the detection limit for all stations and periods, except October (5.1 pg/L ). Nickel and lead concentrations were fairly low, ranging from <2.0 pg/L to 7.0 pg/L and < 1.0 pg/L to 4.7 pg/L, respectively. Blowdown copper, zinc and iron concentrations were substantially higher than river concentrations and ranged from 45 pg/L to 110 pg/L, 47 pg/L to 108 pg/L, and 360 pg/L to 2010 pg/L, respectively. Chromium concentrations ranged from <0.5 pg/L to 5.0 pg/L.

Evaporation/percolation pond water cadmium and nickel concentrations were below their respective detection limits for all periods. Lead concentrations ranged from <1.0 pg/L to 19.0 pg/L. Chromium concentrations ranged from <0.5 pg/L to 1.6 pg/L Copper concentrations ranged from <1.9 pg/L to 35 pg/L and zinc concentrations ranged from 27 pg/L to 774 pg/L.

Iron concentrations ranged from a low of 20 pg/L in November to a high of 196 pg/L in January.

With the exception of lead and nickel, measurable levels for all other metal constituents were observed in the storm drain pond sediment samples.

Total metal results are listed in Tables 2-10 through 2-16.

Table 2-10. Summary of Copper (pg/L) Measurements

',@3 g5rgj

.":040)55~~ 2.1 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 54 8.5

,OMSI9S.;.';

<1.9 2.4 2.4 <1.9 <1.9 2.1 2.4

"4%3 6l9Sj) <1.9 2.0 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 51 <1.9

,@j~l.g~)<4, g.

049685/ <1.9 35

>!OWL'S 17

,~985:!'j 2.9 13 71.4

<07CS'I9K,i 2.0 3.0 2.0 4.6 2.4 2.0 110 6.0 AS)j'1.9 2.0 2.0 <1.9 <1.9 2.0 58 5.0

...N%(X))%. 4X

'-'W4&t@I 2.0 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 45 8.0

':.,", i6448S~4 <19 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 54 <1.9

",",25/09l9S~m <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 69 3.0 I:1,29064~9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 <1.9 57 2.0 101 2-11

Table 2-11. Summary of Nickel (pg/L) Measurements

';:"'.j,'S&jile':.;.':!". ::>>j'1$>>'j::>>

'8e4mgq

<2.0 2.6 c2.0 <2.0 4.2 c2.0

<2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0

<2.0 c2.0 <2.0 c2.0 <2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0

":.:45i3'OPS.,":p c2.0 <2.0

<~jP6@9l95'j% <2.0 c2.0 ggl@'able t>mii'~~~~ <2.0 <2.0 c2.0 c2.0 3.0 c2.0 c2.0 <2.0 c2.0 <2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 <<2.0 <2.0 i4'.X.Of 4L9$ "" $ <<2.0 c2.0 c2.0 <2.0 c2.0 <2.0 N>>iffN9l95r';.";. <<2.0 <<2.0 c2.0 c2.0 5.0 c2.0 x';ieei%S>>.:>>>>'>>>>w:,".>>'IX2l2(H9$

jh'; <2.0 c2.0 c2.0 c2.0 7.0 <2.0 2-12. Summary of Zinc (pg/L) Measurements 4+Op j

g8 ~e ~j)((i "tow;"'j~it".Na

<<:,:%'dJmenf$ iglg)',:>>

6.9

.;'%Q'j~~; . 7.5 <5.0 8.7 54 124 Jlc.",'%:.::g~,g:>>:.;,

6.2 7.8 9.4 8.4 27 (03OOt95;' <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 47 53 14.1 67

~~0580I95$ 7.7 262 6.8 75 258 6.0 6.9 7.4 7.0 108 134 gxN>>">>~~'>>"'.>>4$

gpg9$ ~l>> 5.9 6.0 8.4 5.7 68 435

",,'::",09l19P6'~< <5.0 8.6 <5.0 <5.0 53 774

.',iOO41.95::;, 5.4 5.4 6.0 5.4 65 41

'-:-'f,ii09l&h <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 57 44

>Qfl0l95;:i 6.6 7.2 5.4 5.0 68 62 740 2-12

Table 2-13. Summary of Iron (pg/L) Measurements g /@i',

';:BlmZ'do~gag,

':",,OZM3055',;",:q 41 46 49 906 196

<CNSI98':<. 207 206 216 218 29

-'.;03i30i9s;.",.< 35 33 37 33 360 67 4't14126f9$ '41 186 esxN<<'" ':r

'-,"0590l$ 5ji<, 149 70 144 50VfQP5'":,"-.'03 101 107 100 435 73 72 71 603 38

.'

l;0ÃJ9l94~A 56 70 69 61 589 71 k"k0&i98,.":"" 83 69 75 624 24

<gM<.:.:a<.'s~/y;>,.',

p'.'Zi'l09P8':.!~a 74 83 75 1250 20 Il21Z08$ (~ 135 134 131 124 2010 28 Table 2-14. Summary of Lead (kg/L) Measurements 5jY~W '"; '.:; -ai".<;

>.ggY:it

<~as .224<a<: ": '. s 2.7 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

<1.0 3.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

'~j.02I2N95<s,::;03I3mj~

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 4.7 <1.0 Ns,94QtZI95jj <1.0 <1.0

<p.,~OPS/:: <1.0 19

<l'06$ 598$ 'i:", <1.0 1,4 pp<<s "'w""

js 67l2S95.';:.'::.. 2.0 8.0 2.0 4.0 1.0 2.0

<0.14't,NNZSS,'..'::,.:

<1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

!:,,N1ij85.'.i <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

,';:;:',10/455/ <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 1.0 <1.0 IkjA88$':,: 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 2.0 <1.0

'< 's)'er<

~.",ziio3iis':-;: <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 2.0 <1.0 14.2

'Detection limitfor solid sample.

2-13

Table 2-15. Summary of Cadmium (pg/L) Measurements ljvm::I:.>>4j

<1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4

('.03l3,0I95;q<> <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4 3.6 g:Offh$9$'::: <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 xv >>>>>gaxx k,'089f5i5'i~ <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1,4 <1.4 g"",$ N2~'g <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 5.1 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4

<1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1.4 <1,4 <1.4 10.4 Table 2-16. Summary of Chromium (pg/L) Measurements F,'~hiie'A'@'81 jg<l

j,GIQ0I95$  :.

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5.0 <0.5

<0.5 <0.5 gi>.083 N95:;i!;. <0.5 <0.5

<0.5 <0.5 8.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 2.5 0.8

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.6

",.69/fPSKg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 2.1 <0.5

<0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 1.5 <0.5 Ffi0$i@.;;. 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 2.8 0.9

"-"...$ 2/2N9K)~>> 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 5.0 0.9 11.2 2-14

2.3.8 Oil and Grease Blowdown and pond oil and grease values were below the detection limit of 1.0 mg/L for all periods sampled. Oil and grease measurements are summarized in the following table.

Table 2-17. Summary of Oil and Grease (mg/L) Measurements h>.Se4g')

p~~~,ojiimj~jk <1.0 <1.0 P'02085S>~g;;,: <1.0

,;'"1:':;;f890L>>5'"',:l <1.0 <1.0

<1.0

. '.;iv'5v'>>>P?)yR:??8

j-:;g'opj Gf9gjJIij <1.0

<1.0 R@B>>~k~~i <1.0 <1.0

'~"'.~ gQ <1.0 <1.0 1+/~>>g'g:;;!jjjjjiji$

.'.

;.';:;j <1.0 <1.0 Pg1OPWS 'I <1.0 <1.0 m>>gg18855%iN <1.0 <1.0

>>5,::ND <1.0 <1.0 f

2.3.9 Total Phos horus and Inor anicPhos hate Columbia River total phosphorus concentrations ranged from (0.01 to 0.02 mg/L as P.

Blowdown values ranged from 2.4 to 4.7 mg/L as P. Columbia River inorganic phosphate concentrations were at or below 0.1 mg/L for all stations and periods, except Station II in March (0.2 mg/L).. Blowdown inorganic phosphate measurements ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 mg/L as P.

Total phosphorus and inorganic phosphate measurements are summarized in Tables 2-18 and 2-19.

2-15

Table 2-18. Summary of Total Phosphorus (mg/L as P) Measurements

.;.AI,'5 i'm~)~Ra~

':~ N j::.:,";:j'0)'O~::~.:-;:,".,'.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 2.4 0

ji+2f1$$$

::::;:":. 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

":.,":403l3$ 95L!": 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 4.1 I",.::;:jQ5I$ 4$ ,'.01

<~I'::

<0.01 I)870$ t95),:~$ 0.01 0.01 '.01 0.01 4.4

.:ji'g~ii9Sg~ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01. 4.4 i.,",':,::D&fjg'"-:ig 0.01 0.02 0.02 . 0.02 4,4 i)';;:'$6i%4l9S$ $ 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 4.1

",:%22I0%M""i 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 4.7 i;:.":.:;';~1 ZQOI95i;::'i 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 3.3 Table 2-19. Summary of Inorganic Phosphate (mg/L as P) Measurements

~a.:i':jig)

<',-,"j01PN9@i ~ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.0 I;i:lC'I2I%)$, <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0:,';"0390I95;;,.-:; <0.1 <0.1 0.2 <0.1 1.0

~':,..04iia%.::,'>~ <0.1 I ;::,,05't361P$

'j:i:: <O.l

<0.1

"-'erects~~ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8

<0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.9 i~ g419jt 9I9s: <'~ <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.8

~:,~iN2485;::,;:.'.;., <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.3

~@~XCf0j9P5::;'..~j <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.2 I":2M'4:":>> <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.6 2-16

2.3.10 Sulfate Individual Columbia River sulfate measurements ranged from 9.3 to 10.8 mg/L Blowdown measurements ranged from 419 to 775 mg/L. The results are presented in Table 2-20.

Table 2-20. Summary of Sulfate (mg/L) Measurements 3'.eg 30j95~.',;! 1o.1 10.8 10.2 10.1 471 1O.Z 10.2 10.2 10.2

% ~x>QW'%Hi'%~

.-.j~ÃPÃh95)I 10.5 10.6 10.6 103 POse30lP$ :kg 8.6

~>iaKp5g95'~i.: 9.0 9.0 9.2 9.0 660 8.9 8.8 8.8 700 3>,99f$ 99$ ;-':;:;:"'.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 775 l:,.:@00@95,$ 9.4 9.2 9.2 595 103 10.1 y'42t20Pi5.";":.; 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 419 2.3.11 Total Dissolved Solids The quarterly total dissolved solids (TDS) measurements of the pond ranged from 130 mg/L to 260 mg/L. This data is presented in Table 2-21.

Table 2-21. Summary of Quarterly Total Dissolved Solid (mg/L)

Measurements 1)gNR4%%$ :NaP 250

:';,06it98$...','::.::: 13O

.;

y

,.q::...';gjepg~).;:

k'.!09/19!95jg< 230

~"":i'1WOM"'i:"': 260 2-17

2.3.12 VOCs and Semi-VOCs Blowdown volatile and semivolatile concentrations were below their respective detection limits for all compounds during all periods.

r Evaporation/percolation pond semivolatile organic compound concentrations were below their respective detection limits for all compounds during all periods, except bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in March (480 pg/L) and September (24 pg/L). Limit of detection for bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is 10 pg/L. Volatile organic concentrations were below their respective detection limits for all compounds during all periods, except freon 113 in September (24 pg/L) and December (88 pg/L) and chloroform in December (11 pg/L). Limits of detection for freon 113 and chloroform are 10 pg/L and 5 pg/L, respectively. A list of the volatile and semivolatile organic compounds analyzed are presented in Tables 2-22 and 2-23, respectively.

Table 2-22. Summary of Volatile Organic Compounds Chloromethane Vinyl chloride trans-1,3-Dichloropropene Trichlorofluoromethane Bromomethane Dibromochloromethane Freon 113 Chloroethane Toluene 1,1-Dichloroethene Carbon disulfide 2-Hexanone Acetone Methylene chloride Ethylbenzene cis-l,2-Dichloroethene trans-1,2-Dichloroethene Styrene 1,1-Dichloroethane Chloroform 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichloroethane 2-Butanone 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Carbon tetrachloride Bromofoim Benzene Trichloroethene 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 1,2-Dichloropropane Vinyl acetate Tetrachloroethene Bromodichloromethane 2-Chloroethylvinylether Chlorobenzene cis 1,3-Dichloropropene 1,1,2-Trichloroethane Total Xylenes 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Table 2-23. Summary of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Acids Base Neutrals Phenol 2-Chloronaphthalene 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chlorophenol 2-Nitroaniline Diethylphthalate 2-Methylphenol Dimethylphthalate Fluorene 4-Methylphenol Acenaphthalene 4-Chlorophenyl-phenylether 2-Nitrophenol 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 4-Nitroaniline 2,4-Dimethylphenol 3-Nitroaniline n-Nitrosodiphenylamine 2,4-Dichlorophenol Acenaphthene 4-Bromophenyl-phenylether Benzoic Acid Dibenzofuran Hexachlorobenzene 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol Phenanthrene bis (2-Chloroethyl) ether 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 1,3-Dichlorobenzene Anthracene 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 1,4-Dichlorobenzene Di-n-butylphthalate 2,4-Dinitrophenol Benzyl Alcohol Fluoranthene 4-Nitrophenol 1,2-Dichlorobenzene Pyrene 2-18

Table 3-23. Summary of Semivolatile Organic Compounds Acids Base Neutrals Pentachlorophenol n-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine Benzolalanthracene Hexachloroethane Nitrobenzene Isophorone bis (2-Chloroethoxy)methane 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene Naphthalene 4-Chloroaniline Dibenzolagbnthracene Benzol g4,ilpetylene Hexachlorobutadiene 2-Methylnaphthalene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Benzolblfluoranthene 3,3-Dichlorobenzidine Benzoiklfluoranthene Chrysene Benzo[alpyrene bis (2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate Indenol1,2,3-cdlpyrene 2-19

3.0 SOIL AND VEGETATION STUDIES

3.1 INTRODUCTION

The objective of the soil and vegetation studies is to identify any significant effects or impacts of plant cooling tower operation upon the plant communities surrounding WNP-2. Vegetation and soil sampling is conducted at the peak of the cheatgrass growth cycle known as the purple stage (Klemmedson 1964). Cheatgrass (Bromus tecforum) is the predominant species within all fifteen of the sampling plots with a mean frequency >98% and cover often approaching 50%.

Cheatgrass fruits turn purple shortly after reaching viability and then brown when mature. The purple stage of development correlates well with the peak productivity of many associated species and serves as a marker for initiation of annual sampling and comparison of phytomass productivity between years. The program includes the measurement of herbaceous canopy cover, herbaceous phytomass and soil chemistry. Soil chemical parameters measured include pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, copper, zinc and conductivity. Fifteen sampling stations are located within a five mile radius of the plant. The stations consist of eight grassland (G01-G08) and seven shrub sites (S01-S07). The location of each station is illustrated in Figure 3-1.

3-1

Figure 3-1. Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map I I I I Ia p)

'O 5 Iaaaaaaaaa I

A I~

O<<)l SASOI ICAL IIO.

~

8 1 Le<<<<a<<a<<a SILL/LDWIRRD, a

Ig I

~ I TD I aa W. IOALNTMRO.

IS C

i~ S07 I I

DAVIS LIL aaaaaa W. JVMSIR RIL Slit OONt.

QOCta I IOOtWCOO RD

) <<INll4l

+PL)I' toN Ic<<OI ICtst tt I a) IQ I I I

I I la<<at I ROISOLDI RL I I I '

GO I I I I le<<a<<<<la ILOOULII RO.

~V SO I G03 J

I> IAATIIIWS )$

~ +>> II ON548 lt 18 I

GOO TSI WY,I g

WIST SSI ISA I

<<J 1

~uunuC DIL I SITS I I I'oo<<

lccatccN

~ CNOOL

. OOOWOOO G04 I

+' CIONR I

O Hanf O<<tttttt g CCCCOCN aaaaaa I

I a<<pl<<a<<a Sie tc cCOOCLIO Ic cCAEI ICL

~ <<C CCtCCC W. ISL 40 a aRtL a a a OS<< a a a a a<<

O I CI)

II I SJA WIIITISLIITTS K I

~

<<a C<<a I caa<<clC O IIISSTATIOCI )

LII a ag 4v I

~ aa 0IC ALOIRRD I a a a <<YP<<a a IAa a a a a Vl I

I ttiltLCO ~

• Grassland Stations (G01 - GOS)

II

~I P ~

a<<a SAYID ROAD StnYD RD OR ORYi ae>>

SOISNRY )SISS

~ Shrub Stations (S01 - S07) 8Ã)334.)s 1003 II'uly 3-2

3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.2.1 Herbaceous Cano Cover At each of the fifteen stations fiftymicroplots (20 cm x 50 cm) were placed at 1-meter intervals on alternate sides of the herbaceous transect (fig. 3-2). Canopy cover was estimated for each species occurring within a microplot using Daubenmire's (1968) cover classes. Data were recorded on standard data sheets. To assure the quality of the sampling, three randomly selected microplots were sampled twice. The entire transect was resampled ifcover estimates for any major species (>50% frequency) di6ered by more than one cover class.

Figure 3-2. Layout of Vegetation and Soil Sampling Plots Herbaceous Community 50m Herbaceous transect M croplot 10m Phytomass sampling plot 3.2.2 Herbaceous Ph omass Phytomass sampling was conducted concurrently with cover sampling. Phytomass sampling plots were randomly located within an area adjacent to the permanent transects or plots (Figure 3-2).

At each station, all live herbaceous vegetation rooted in the designated microplot (20 x 50 cm) was clipped to ground level and placed in paper bags. Each bag was stapled shut and labeled with station code, plot number, date and personnel initials.

Sampling bags were transported to the laboratory, opened, and placed in a drying oven until weight was obtained. Following drying, the bags were removed singularly from the a'consistent oven and their contents immediately weighed to the nearest 0.1 g. Laboratory quality assurance consisted of independently reworking 10 percent of the phytomass samples to assess data validity and reliability.

~Sil Ch At each of the fifteen grassland and shrub stations, two soil samples were collected from the top 15 cm of soil with a clean stainless steel trowel. The soil samples are randomly selected and taken from the phytomass sampling plot. The samples were placed in 250 ml sterile plastic cups with lids, labeled and refrigerated at 4 C. Nine parameters were analyzed in each sample, including pH, bicarbonate, carbonate, conductivity, sulfate, chloride, copper, zinc, and sodium. Aliquots of soil for trace metal analysis were microwave digested according to Gilman (1989). Preservation

times and conditions, when applicable, followed EPA procedures (1983).

3-3

Laboratory quality control comprised 10-20% of the sample analysis load. Routine quality control samples included internal laboratory check standards, reagent blanks, and prepared EPA or NIST controls.

3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the 1995 season, 62 plant taxa were observed in the study areas. Table 3-1 lists the vascular plants observed during 1995 field studies.

Table 3-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1995 Scientific Name Common Name APIACEAE Pasley Family Cymopterus terebinthinus (Hook.) T.&G. var.

terebinthinus Turpentine cymopterus ASTERACEAE Aster Family r

Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow Antennaria dimorpha (Nutt.) T.& G. Low pussy-toes Artemisia tridentata Nutt. Big Sagebrush Balsam orhiza careyana Gray Carey's balsamroot Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Pall.) Britt Gray rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt Green rabbitbrush Crepis atrabarba Heller Slender hawksbeard Franseria acanthicarpa Hook. Bur ragweed Layia glandulosa (Hook.) H & A White daisy tidytips Tragopogon dubi us Scop. Yellow salsify Aster canescens Pursh , Hoary aster BORAGINACEAE Borage Family Amsinclaa lycopsoides Lehm. Tarweed fiddleneck Cryptantha circumscissa (H&A)Johnst. Matted cryptantha Cryptantha leucophaea (Dougl.) Pays NA Cryptantha pterocarya (Torr.) Greene Winged cryptantha BRAS SICAEAE Mustard Family Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. Western tansymustard Draba verna L. Spring draba Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. Prairie rocket Sisymbrium altissimum L. Tumblemustard CACTACEAE Cactus Family Opuntia polycantha Haw. Starvation cactus 3-4

Table 3-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1995 (Continued)

Scientific Name Common Name CARYOPHYLLACEAE Pink Family Arenaria franklinii Dougl. var franklinii Fran!din's sandwort Holosteum umbellatum L. Jagged chickweed CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopod Family Chenopodium lepiophyllum (MOQ.) Wats. Slimleaf goosefoot Grayi a spinosa (Hook.) MOQ.

Salsola kali L. Russian thistle FABACEAE Pea Family Astragalus purshii Dougl. Wooly-pod milk-vetch Astragalus sclerocarpus Gray Stalked-pod milk-vetch Psoralea lanceolara Pursh Lance-leaf scurf-pea GERANIACEAE Geranium Family Erodi um cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Filaree, storks-bill HYDROPHYLLACEAE Waterleaf Family Phaceli a hastara Dougl. Whiteleaf phacclia Phacelia linearis (Pursh) Holz. Threadleaf phacelia LILIACEAE LilyFamily Brodiaea douglasii Wats. Douglas'rodiaea Calochorius macrocarpus Dougl. Sego lily Fririllaria pudica (Pursh) Spreng. Chocolate lily LOASACEAE Biasing-star Family 4

Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl. Ex Hook. White-stemmed mentzelia MALVACEAE Mallow Family Sphaeralcea munroana (Dougl.) Spach Ex Gray White-stemmed globe-mallow ONAGRACEAE Evening-primrose Family Oenorhera pallida Lindl. var. pallida White-stemmed evening-primrose PLANTAGINACEAE Plantain Family Plantago patagonica Jacq. Indian-wheat 3-5

Table 3-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1995 (Continued)

Scientific Name Common Name POACEAE Grass Family Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. Crested wheatgrass Agropyron dasystachyum (Hook.) Scribn. Thick-spiked wheatgrass Agropyron spicatum (Pursh) Scribn. & Smith Bluebunch wheatgrass Bromus tectorum L. Cheatgrass Festuca octoflora Walt. Six-weeks fescue Eoeleria cristata Pers. Prairie Junegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides (R&S) Ricker Indian ricegrass Poa sandbergii Vasey Sandberg's bluegrass Si tanion hystrix (Nutt.) Smith Bottlebrush squirreltail Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. Needle-and-thread POLEMONIACEAE Phlox Family Gilia minuttflora Benth. Gilia Gilia sinuata Dougl. Shy gilia Leptodactylon pungens (Torr.) Nutt. Granite gilia Microsteris gracilis (Hook.) Greene var.

humilior (Hook.) Cronq. Pink microsteris Phlox longijolia Nut t. Long-leaf phlox POLYGONACEAE Buckwheat Family Eriogonuum niveum Dougl. Snow buckwheat Rumex venosus Pursh Wild begonia RANUNCULACEAE Buttercup Family Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz. ex Walpers Larkspur ROSACEAE Rose Family Purshia tridentata (Pursh) DC Antelope Bitterbrush SANTALACEAE Sandalwood Family Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. Bastard toad-flax SAXIFRAGACEAE Saxifrage Family Ribes aureum Pursh Golden current SCROPHULARIACEAE Figwort Family Penstemon acuminatus Dougl. Sand-dune penstemon 3-6

Table 3-1. Vascular Plants Observed During 1995 (Continued)

Scientific Name Common Name VALERIANACEAE Valerian Family Plecrriris macrocera T&G Longhorn pleetritis 3.3.1 Herbaceous Cover Total herbaceous cover averaged 92.39% in 1995 which represents an increase of 105% from 1994 (45.05). With the exception of station GO6, all other stations showed an increase of 45%

or greater in total herbaceous cover. Bromus tectorum continues to be the dominant annual grass with an average cover of 34.42%, an increase of 35.25%. Total perennial grass cover was 27.60%, an increase of 212%. As in previous years, the dominant perennial grass was Poa sandbergii with an average cover of 19.69%. The most significant change in cover occurred in the annual forbs. Total annual forb cover increased 395% from last year. Sisymbrium allissimum had an average cover of 7.44% compared to 0.54 % last year. Draba verna with a previous cover of 0.88% increased 509% with an average cover of 5.36% for 1995. The total perennial forb cover was 3.5%.

F requency values (%) increased at eight of the fifteen stations. The most significant increase in frequency values was seen in annual forbs. Only two stations (SO2 and SO4) showed a decrease in the number of annual forb species per site. Station GO5 had an increase of six annual forb species. The total species per site for station GO5 increased from 14 to 21. Station SO6 increased from 7 to 14 in total species per site. Table 3-3 shows mean frequency values (%) by species for each sampling station.

3-7

Table 3-2. Herbaceous Cover for Fifteen Sampling Stations (%)

GO I GO2 GOS GO4 GOS GOC GOT GOS SOI $ 02 $ 0$ $ 04 SOS $ 06 SOT AVG.

GOI $ 07 Annual Grasses Btoolus tcctonun 70.60 5530 4.80 10.50 21.60 53.6560.20 31tN 9.25 2S.80 36.1S 46.75 4.CO 1.10 34.42 Festucn octoOors 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.0$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0$

Total Annual Grass Cover 7K% TOAO $ 550 430 11.10 27A$ SSAS 6030 SLSO 9352580 SC.IS 4635 4.00 LI0 $ 4AT Perennial Grasses Agfoppron tptcanun 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 030 0.00 0.00 0.02

&ysopts htrs tnotdcs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 230 0.00 033 Pea sandbctgll 10.1$ 18.00 4.00 38.25 47.45195 16.75 163$ 11.60 2 I BO 30.00 8.64 0.00 SI.SS 12.6$ 19.69

$+a cantata 0.00 0.00 26.60 0.00 2AS 0.00 6.6$ O.CO 14AO 0.00 0.00 2.00 0.40 '.00 730 Total Pctennlal Grass Cover 1035 ILOO 4.00 CLSS 47A5 4AO IC.15 2290 ITAO 9LSO $ 0.00 L64 L$0 SLSS 12.C$ 27A0 Annual Forbs Anttfnckla tycopsotdcs 0.05 0.10 930 0.05 030 0.0$ 1130 0.0$ AlS 035 0.00 O.CO 330 0.10 23$ 2.12 Btodtaca dougtasll 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0$ 0.00 0.00 0.050.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Crjptantha dtnuuntcltta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.0$ 0.15 0.00 0.00 O. IS 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.04 Dctcutatnta plnnata 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.0$ 0 00 1.70 0.00 03$ 0.00 0.00 O.CO 0.00 I BSSTBO 4.14 Dtaba rema 163$ 1$ .IS 3.6$ 3.30 14.00 O.OS 535 LI$ 4.4S 0.00 4.60 2.00 2.00 090 0.10 S.36 Erodbun dcutalhun 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0BS 0.00 0.00 0.06 ILATS Ptantctfa acanthtcatpa 0.00 0.00 3.15 0.10 0.10 OAO I AO 0.0$ 09S 0.00 0.00 0.00 030 0.05 0.00 OAS Gttfa tntnutfflora 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 030 0.00 0.00 llolostnun lunbdlanun 230 L6$ 2.7S 3.70 930 03S 4.60 9.10 1.10 5.70 63S 2.60 290 CAN 0.60 4AI htcnttcga otbtcautts 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OS 0.00 0.00 0.0$ 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 httcrostcttsgradlfs O.IS 0.00 3.80 0.15 0.60 230 2A$ 030 7.60 0.00 930 0.00 1.20 0.00 0.00 1.29 Phacclta Bncarla 0.00 0.00 O.OS 0.0$ 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.04 ogo patcgonlca OAO I,IS 0.00 1,70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.00 $ .00 0.00 1.4$ 0.00 030 0.71 hall 13$ 0.1$ 0.1$ 0.10 IAS 030 0.0$ 0.0$ SAO OAS 0.00 0.4S 0.6$ O.OS 0.00 0.10 thun attfssfnuun 2.95 190 030 0.00 0.10 0.15 3$ $ 2.60 1.00 1.10 0.65 44.41 1.70 I I, IS 40.7$ TA4 Total Annual Forb Cover 2LTS 2730 2335 9.CS 263$ $ .7$ SL8$ 20AS $ 1AS CA$ 17.7S 49A2 $ 430 102.1 26$ 2 Perrenlal Focbs A chtttca adtkfothun 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 130 0.00 0.10 Aster canescent 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OS 0.00 1.1$ 0.00 0.00 030 0.00 0.00 0.00 0BS Astragalus sdu ocalpnt 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00 0.00 130 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.CO 0.00 1.0$ 030 0.00 0.00 0.09 Baltantothtza corctvtna 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.40 0 0$ O.CO 0.00 0.00 O.CO 0.00 230 1.10 0.00 0.00 043 Conlandl'a nnlbcllata 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OS Crcpts au abarba 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 L40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 Ctunoptcrus tcrcbtnthtnus 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.15 0.0$ 0.00 0.00 6.9$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 6 AS 131 Etfogontun nlvnun 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 I AO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0$ 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.1S 0.00 0.00 03$

Ocnothcta patgda 0.00 0.00 0.20 030 0.8$ 0.1$ 0 00'.00 0.0$ 0.05 O.CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.1 2 Phttut tong%Ba 0.10 0.0$ 0.0$ 0.$ 0 090 0.00 0.0$ L80 030 035 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.00 0.00 OA2 tttuna nnosus 0.0$ 0.00 0.10 0.00 O.CO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.CO 0.01 Tohl Perenntal Forb Cover 0.15 OASOAS L25 7.15 5.C5 0.1$ LSO L25 TAO 2AO $ .65 SAS 4.CO 6AS $ 30 Total lletbaceous Cover I I LT I ICB 8530 7935 9L95 41AS 10IA IOC C 8$ .10 122.1 TLSS 9LOC TL28 7L4$ 12L$ 92$ 9 3-8,

Table 3-3. Mean Frequency Values (%) by Species for Each Sampling Station Gol GO2 GO3 GO4 GOS GO6 GO7 GO8 SO1 SO2 SO3 SO4 SO5 SO6 SO7 Annual Grasses Bromus tectorum 100 100 100 76 96 98 96 96 ~ 100 52 90 100 100 34 34 Fcstuca octoflora 14 2 Perennial Grasses Agropyron spicatum Oryzopis hymenouks 10 14 Poa sandbergii 86 82 8 96 94 10 48 56 38 52 100 30 86 80 Stipa cb mata 74 4 12 50 4 6 Annual Forbs Amsinckia lycopsoides 2 4 44 2 10 2 56 2 40 4 26 4 16 Chenopodium Ieptophyltum 6 Cryptantha drcumscissa 2 2 4 6 Cryptantha pterocarya 6 Descurainia pinnata 4 2 2 12 36 96 Draba rema 98 82 98 2 92 98 88 94 60 70 26 4 Erodium cicutarium L 2 Franseria acanthacarpa 66 4 4 16 36 2 18 12 2 Gitut sinuata 2 2 Holosteum umbdlatum 62 98 90 52 98 4 74 96 94 58 94 54 76 14 Layia glandulosa 2 hfentzeha albicaulis 2 2 4 hpcrosteris gracilis 6 72 6 14 62 20 8 68 28 28 Phacdia linearis 2 2 4 4 4 22 8 Plantago pategonica 16 26 48 6 74 28 10 Salsola kali 54 6 6 4 38 8 2 2 62 18 18 26 2 Sisymbrium altissimum 30 26 12 4 6 20 16 20 4 26 86 20 52 78 7'ragopogon dubius 2 Perennhl Forbs A chillea milh%lium Aster canescens Astragalus purshii Astragalus sderocarpus 4 4 Balsamorhiza careyana 4 2 6 2 Brodiaea douglasii. 2 2 2 Comandra umbellata 4 Crepis atrabarba Cymopferus terebbuhinus 22 Eriogonum ni veum 6 8 20 Ocnothsra pallida 8 8 14 6 2 2 4 40 Phlox longifolia 4 2 2 10 '8 2 32 2 4 6 6 Bumex venosus 2 4 4 Total Speclcs per Site 11 11 15 14 21 16 13 13 18 11 9 10 19 14 8 3-9

Table 3-3. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 through 1995 X X liOIA.

501 5 GOING XG SCI.S AG 19n ~ 9.90 4) 80 ~ ) CO 4) 90 ~ )M 4)35 ~ ).Il ~ 318 TQ I)n ado 2.00 ~ $0 2.)1 )30 530 ~ 40 324 3 24 AF W$ 14 60 11.70 1130 1447 29.50 I) 00 21.25 14. Io Id lo tF Itn 430 ON I.N 2.33 130 2.10 IN 2.12 AlL ltn 49AO 49.90 dl N da)7 7407 4).40 11.10 dl 64 21'd 46 AG 1974 50.70 <<k90 )4.)0 41 97 71.>> 5 I.N 61.40 49.74 49.74 FG 1916 040 la>> lo>> 1 07 ~ 47 ).10 )35 $ .74 5.74 Af 1976 5.$ 0 530 7.>> dN 11.90 10.>> 7 44 1 44 FF AlL 1974 1974 0 CO

$ 440 050 51.20 020 023 000 a>> 0 Io aLS 0 ll

$ 2 CO $ 5.21 87.$ 0 dLCO 7$ .4$ d) 34 d) 34 AG 1917 135 045 1.90 1.30 5.>> I A5 333 2 11 2.11

~Q 1977 0)5 I I 30 42$ 464 32S 2.90 )C4 522 532 AF 1977 02$ 005 090 0 40 2<> ) ll 1.78 1.1l AIL 1977 2>> 12 40 12.$ 0 9.20 10.90 20.00 1535 )130 11.70 AG 1974 SIM dT.CO Sl 00 $6.33 6400 ~ 2.00 $$ 00 S$ 80 5$ .80 FQ 1978 300 I 4 Co II N 10 67 SN 7.00 730 940 940 AF 1974 )4 CO ION )) 00 21.M 23 00 2)AO 24AO 2)N 25 N

~F 1914 800 0 IO 5N ~ D 2 CO )OT 2$ 0 3 40 ) 40

• lL 197l 100 00 95.CO KO 00 98.S) 101.00 TTAO 89AO 94 CO AG 1979 25N 29M 900 2 1 AO ) I AO 10 00 >>50 20 KI 20 0)

IQ 1979 I.N 1400 I IAO ION TAO SAO 6N 8 40 441 AF 1979 TN ~ 00 10.00 5.)l 4) 00 3) CO )4 CO 14 40 Il40 FF 1979 I IAO 0 CO )00 ~ .67 0 CO T.CO 350 4 20 ~,>>

AIL 1979 )9.N 5IAO 3).00 4 I AO Il 00 55.00 4S 00 51.40 S I. SO AG 1980 So.co Sl 80 24.)0 56.20 S4.40 41.Q 47.ll 64.>> TI.N TLN 12.>> 57A5 51.05 51.92 $ 1 91 TQ 1940 I AO 1.20 23.)0 10.90 alo 8$ 0 450 2430 dlAO alo 24.CO 29.n 29.15 17.91 11.94 Af 1940 T.CO 4.>> 2L$ 0 347 Illa 10.34 <<l)d T.XI 5AO 28.>> C.N 8$ .44 I I.dl lo $ 4 10 14 tf 1940 2.20 2.20 4.40 I.N LIO LIO ado 000 000 ~ 60 ).25 12$ 224 2.24 AlL 1980 41.20 45.40 TCN n.>> TLCO 69.'1$ ICa)0 144 lo Iaido 4840 9933 9933 8) AO >>CO AG 1981 74 80 49.N 74.20 C434 dl34 77.40 14 N 4440 4890 74 dl 74 dl dl 94 48 94 FQ 1911 alo 4.70 1430 5.N 000 4.94 4.94 19 40 25.90 aoo )6.70 2055 >>55 I I.'IO I).90 AF 1911 530 )SO Il 20 1.20 I)30 4.14 $ .14 15AO 11.90 1130 5.90 12.80 12 80 10 21 Io 21 tF 1941 ON 3.20 a70 4% 0.50 ).16 186 020 O.CO 0.00 IAO 0.53 a)3 1.27 1.21 ALL 1911 N20 Cd.N 9930 dl30 $9 20 7936 7936 II).IO 12).80 IC5.90 9340 IOIS5 IC4.55 9233 92.))

AG 19Q 5130 25.N 34 60 32.>> 2000 3332 )332 ~ 220 ~ $ 30 $1 M )l90 ~ ado 3647 )d 41

~Q 19Q OCO 6N 17.90 ~ 37 ON 5.9$ $ 96 11.20 II N alo S130 13 5$ l)35 933 93)

Af 19Q 4 60 420 730 I CO 1130 101 TOC a70 ~ .CO 4<> 4.30 a70 100 2AS TAS a>> ON 130 3N I )5 135 I dl )94 ACL .I9Q $ 4.XI ~ O,XI 44M )9. N 44 10 4$ lo d).40 61.70 STAO Q.lo 41 C5 41 0$ 54 24 SC 14

Table 3-3. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 through 1995 (continued)

X X GOIA.

YEAR 801 501 5 XS GO I A XG 5016 AG 19N 5)N lTAO 33 45 )k75 )145 )LTS 38.7S 1930 S9J5 ORTS I7JS IR.S5 ~ 2.3I IOJ3 ~ O)3 PG 19N 1,1$ 7.70 I I.I$ 647 1.29 d47 4,40 2.10 15.75 0 CO 25 JO la4 10.4 L)7 Ill AF 198} $ 30 7.85 1235 )45 12.15 10 ll 104 I I 70 S.N $ 6$ 64$ N,TI 10.71 10 Sl 10 II PF 19$ ) a70 350 10$ ~ AO 1.9$ L11 R.RI 0.4$ aos 2.10 l)O 1.70 1.70 2.00 1N ALL 19N II.N $6;2$ 41.70 5 I IO 57AI 5I.25 S4.15 XL9$ II.N 7)JO SLTO 4$ J9 4$ J9 dl Jl 41 JI AG 194 II JO n.7$ )9.15 )I 30 36.50 37 J4 )7.28 NIS TI.XI 9.60 50.Q SOQ Qn ~ ln PG 194 I 85 I 80 11.$ $ $ $$ 0IO 623 IJO I 45 1$ N 10,n 10n 4.87 7.73 AF 194 lt SS I 10 I I.IO ~ CO I) N 9.79 9.79 '0 65 9.70 19.I5 7.9$ IIAI I~ Il 11.$ 6 I I.ld PF 194 0)0 ~ 00 0.7$ ISS OQ RA5 0.70 020 I.IO I J5 0 II all I.n 8.72 ALI. 194 56.00 5) 65 4LTS 55.40 $ 0.95 5$ .75 SS.TS NAO II.IO ~ ).N 7)JI d) CT Q47 AG ITN 2.10 115 II N ~ 95 21.05 10.17 10.1'I I CO $ .10 Il.30 7.25 IOAI laN 10.2$ '10 28 FG 1985 I OS ~ Xl Fl IS 1.40 1.85 557 557 9.20 17.95 ON 13.% la26 1026 766 T.C6 AF 19t$ alo IJ5 9>> 2.30 4.75 3.70 S.70 II 20 4.15 7.$ 5 ).CO 9JI 914 614 4 Ill

~ I 1985 ON I J5 I.IS )N a7$ I.IS I. IS ON 010 RJS a90 IOI I OI I.IO I,IO ALL ITN )15 955 ~ ) 00 12.65 3).90 2059 20.59 36.20 )IJO tt20 RS.IO XL9$ 30.9S 2$ .19 15.19 AG 1916 11 45 I IS TN 11.45 I) CO 10 12 Ion 9.40 IQ 1).25 7J5 4.66 866 9.$ ) 953 194 2 Xl 10 75 17 JS 9$ 5 I JO 817 IRT 19.$ $ 34Q ON 21.13 21.13 1).9$ 13.98 AV 1916 16 Ci5 38 10 10 25 ll 70 RIAl 2 IAR 11.6$ )1.15 2$ .45 L70 2).99 2).99 lt 56 22.$ 6 PF 1916 1.15 53$ R.XI 915 1.25 )4 L4 1.80 1.95 ON 1.55 1.59 1.59 2.4 1AI ALL 1981 6kN 34 70 dl 8$ 3$ 30 IL75 ~ L7$ SLTO 79AO )LTS CIAO 55.36 S5JI 18.91 4891 AG 1947 99S 7 IO 19 05 3).IO 19 $1 19.$ 2 2) N 9,45 SI.IS ~ .45 n.lo RL40 20 97 2097 PG 194 360 11.97 It 65 195$ 2JO II00 I IN )LIS 0C5 4$ .95 SI.) I )I.31 RS JS 25 25 AF 1987 12 56 ISO ION 4.$ 5 I I IO 9.95 995 la)0 I I Jt IIN 3.15 9.'n O.n 9tS '985 PF 1987 S.CO 600 200 10.47 1.7$ 535 $ 15 a90 1.90 aN I Jf I.ll I.I) i !9 3.29 AU. 1987 $006 Akls QJ5 55 f5 52.41 5!il 67 JO II A6 45.45 55AO 47JS 67 55 59JI 59 36 AG 1988 I) 80 $ 0$ LIO I) N 10.15 )all ILRI IOJI 22.95 10.10 16.75 ~ N I) Q 11.95 19 20 15 85 IO.IO II 00 11 32 Il.n FG 194 1,7$ S.IO 11.95 9.40 3.35 497 Id 8$ 17 JO 9.$ 9 I TAS 11.70 00$ 30 20 ITA5 9$ 0 ll05 IO.I5 I l.30 IIJl 11JI II Q AF 194 60$ $ 2$ 340 LIO ~ 00 ~ Al 0.00 0)$ LRO 630 16.15 7 f5 IN 7,95 1.20 I.I5 12 J5 6.11 6dl 5.1d 59$

PF 194 11.$ 5 15.75 2.10 ~ .N 3.15 7JO alo 0.00 5JT 0.20 !CO 000 IAO I 65 15.2$ $ .70 1 IS ~ JI ~ .)I 4.79 IW AIL 1988 RL IS )IA5 25.7$ 31.15 20.7S 29.46 27 55 3009 2$ 96 I 7JO 4954 14.)5 ~ I JO ~ 0.70 )7.% ~ 1,40 I I. 10 32.$ 2 )9AT )IN )1.2)

AG ITS9 11.8$ lt 50 82.45 10 1$ lt.90 17.99

'0.40.00 1$ IT.Q II.N nJO 1).10 QN 30$ 261$ n.35 3$ .10 38 05 lt 05 14 $ 1 21 05 21 62

~G 1989 IJO 2955 400 l)35 1.25 2) n 30 35 )7JO 2618 calo $ 960 0C5 49JS IR.IO 36.75 16 20 lt Cd Il95 l7.9I )2 JI II.TI AF 1989 It 50 69S I)N 4.4$ I I.IO 1001 ON $.15 IOI 11.85 550 ~ 2.20 28$ 1$ .95 IN 1).$ 5 ISN Il95 I I. 15 I I.II It 45 Pl 1989 I.I5 IIJO IAO $ 20 ass 4 It aN 0N IAO 3N I. 10 0.05 3.CO 1.00 64$ IOAO 12.% ION dOI $ 1) ~ Id ALL 149 ~ 7.10 6150 9).90 )7,% 45.N 57.64 ~ 4.30 90.30 CO 69 99.60 TRIO 10$ 15 $ 4.4$ Okfd TI IO 75.2$ 96.46 NJS Sl.dl nn TOAT AG 1990 36N IdN I 7JO 32AO 53.35 31.)7 12.90 5.45 250) IICO 7.7$ 61 J5 Il.&5 25.19 1) 80 3$ .15 3655 19.75 17 01 2d 06 2871 FG 1990 ).XI I! N I I )5 12.70 005 945 I I.IO )7.55 11.$ 9 ILXI 000 000 laco It.ll 11.90 10 70 9.XI ILIO I I J9 I I.T) 10 66 Al 1990 7.9S 260 I.ls 4.$ 5 $ .90 4A) 0 10 ON I dl 7.7$ 2.3$ 1$ .70 3J5 7.29a) 1.75 d90 495 700 d4 SN Ci ll PF 1990 ON 9J5 1,75 )N 005 L)Il ON ON 1.24 000 0CS OL5 1.20 LN $ 55 005 0.20 1.76 1.9$ 1.4 ALL 1990 ILI5 II.N 45 JO .5)J5 IRJS Satd SI.IO 1LCO ~ ) 69 4535 1015 77.30 ~ l20 45.lt 12.40 61 40 $3 85 )9 05 I TAO IS Jd 41 02 AG 1991 OL25 If 25 4) CO 38 f5 ~ 815 35.N - 17.8$ 5.90 15.14 26.15 20N 65.$ $ I I 90 32 85 36 95 ST 2$ II30 38 15 3651 Sl II 3451 FG 1991 TAO 32 05 26 3$ II.I$ 230 I I.l~ )LIO CO CO 41.75 SO 55 I J5 )S.XI 29 09 NJ5 '1.N 000 12N 23 94 26 II I I.IR AI'r 1991 )62$ 1$ 00 16.7$ )TJO 21.60 14 Jl ~ N 7JO 19 14 02$ ~ .20 l)J5 8.8$ 4.92 ~ 7$ 6)0 35 I) Id 65 10 )I I ~ .TT 16 26 1991 ~ .4$ d)5 I 95 tJ$ 0.)0 30$ a)0 ON 1.24 0.00 0 10 0.60 090 0 25. 1 J5 I R.N 005 1.70 229 1J5 14 AU. 1991 4.55 I) 6$ N. 10 72 J5 74.36 6 1 AO n.N 61,15 TS IS N25 ca)5 6k I I 460 dlf5 I) 44 79.4$ n.19 7497 Q.n AG 1992 )O)0 X.N Il60 S5 95 51 60 82.1) 21'N 15.20 35 dl Il 70 42$ 5). IS )I 24 50 09 46 00 II 80 Cd.15 f$ 15 51 IS I) 95 15 67 I'Cl 1%I~ S25 15 Q II A 547 RJ9 7.42 31 JO 33 80 I ~ .74 25N 2000 000 l2,20 19 I5 I I CO 10 20 $ 9$ $ 80 IS 11 II 97 I !4 Al' 7972 9N $ .$ $ 11.95 16 40 $ 95 105I ~ Q 2) Cd II Il I) 15 815 IS Cd 7. 15 10 11 745 10 20 $ 10 17 2$ 10 9) II 19 m 443 I 1992 'I 15 la70 225 ~ 25 1.05 541 aQ dCO I 01 0. 10 025 030 als 03$ 1.9$ 12 55 I )5 )15 261 32$ ,'0 Al L 199! 51 f5 62 10 44.20 $2 N Q.99 4S.TI 40 50 nJO Q.%I ITJ$ 91 65 4t50 TlJI l0.76 74.20 74.75 82.2$ t5 Cd 7992 7lJI 72 IC

Table 3-3. Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 through 1995 (continued)

X X GOIA.

YEAR S01.5 G04 GOT A G04 XG SOI.S AG 199) 17.70 )I 4$ SL45 5125 4IA5 ll 45 S1.9$ 43 41 41 90 4)AO 29.N 4704 3l )5 2LN 4015 S9 CO 47.0$ 45 l) ~ $ .'14 FG 1003 '1.15 1114 14.15 IlSS ~ CO It 43 ~ 6. 10 n.l5 Illl ~ l25 11)5 200 4610 20.0) )I 40 15AO It 15 Id 35 1430 21.7$ 2L1 AF 100) 12.0$ 0.70 11.N ILIO I) 25 12S) L1$ 9.3$ Iadd I) 45 5.95 neo Iata 1305 ION 16 45 Il.45 002 ILTS 11.17 11.70

~ f 1003 IL70 11.70 L400 04$ 7,40 001 025 005 4.45 IA5 ON 0.75 LI$ 145 535 015 IS5 3.14 ~ .40 5$5 ALL 1993 77A9 15.20 9495 TL)$ 77.34 71.15 7).22 I 10 CO 45.1$ SUS 00.44 dk00 49 60 94AO 10.17 07.6) I) 09 AG 1904 2).30 I I.CO 2) 40 )L15'L20 21.20 35 50 nN 5.35 9.70 19 21 ~ 750 dl 15 17SO 9N 36 43 d3$ 16.10 ~ 2,40 51,20 n)I 2d $ 0 Xlll FG 1004 145 1695 $ .10 ).75 1.15 4,14 11.20 9.55 7.42 550 ~ .30 aN S4.30 ILII 9S) 16 4$ 2.20 T,N 10 04 ddt 0.11 AF 1004 0 10 2.70 TAO MO 74$ 5N af) 2.00 4. 10 1.% IL15 250 110 66$ 61 ~ $ A1 425

~ f 1004 2.15 7.15 3.CO ~ SO TAO 500 I)0 4.CO 4 44 0.15 005 11.15 060 S.CS

)01 530 I I.IO Iles) 015 2.1$

2.N ~ N ~ .32 4.01 ALL 1004 )L)0 31.N 45.10 $ LN ~ 0,9) ILN 2LCO 35.91 $ 7& CO.IO STENO 44A5 573) LL40 5I.CO 5)AS 45.0$ ~ 9.1 ~

AG 1995 )I N 915 25.$ 3615 4LTS 20.95 4,0 I. I 2LII Tl 45 'TON 5)SO 4N SL)0 11.10 11.45 Sl 45 40.20 45.11 )IAT l9.92 FG 195 17.47 )0.0 $ 64 L) ) I 47 SSSS 11A$ )2.22 10.15 130 ~ 00 CA.SS 14.25 41.4$ ~ .40 1475 22.% 2650 1)AO 2326 AF FF 109$ 31 45 665 11.75 ~ 0.42 FATS 24 04 14.30 102.1 )).Sl 1).75 27$ 13.)5 945 21.05 262$ 175 Xkl) 204$ tan 2606 n.n ALL 1995 225 TA 3.4S l.4) 4,64 4.4 6.45 50l a05 045 045 al) a)) T.IS 5 45 al) 2 N 1.16 350 LI6 1905 )1IO 12LI 15.95 0LOS 72.23 Ia)0 71.45 )2L)0 9LII I ILTO 116.1$ SL30 19S5 9LN 91.95 41.45 101.40 N6 S5 01.71 0L)0

Figure 3-3 shows a comparison of Fig. 3-3. Mean Hcrbaccous Cover for the current data with previous 1975-1995 data. Growing season (October Legend 94 - April 95) precipitation (21.06 Ei AO AaaaJOrsrroo cm) increased 465% from the previous season (3.73 cm).

I~

ttt tO tsrraJJ Orsrrro At.Aaoaaltoreo 3 t- trnwlsl tooer According to Battelle Northwest 50 Laboratories; the months of January through April were 40 recorded as the wettest four months of the year on record. 30 The mean temperature during the growing season was 6.43'C 30 compared with 6.161'C for 1994. s le A comparison of mean cover and precipitation for 1982 through 1995 can be seen in Figure 3-4.

roar 3.3.2 Herbaceous Ph omass The increase (260%) in herbaceous phytomass is in direct correlation to the increase in herbaceous cover. At grassland and shrub stations, the averaged 107g/m'nd 123g/m'ig.

herbaceous phytomass production respectively. Mean herbaceous 3A. Mean Herbaceous Cover and Total Precipitation 100 Legend phytomass production at grassland and shrub stations is I

Lli P~pa Cova don shown graphically in Figure 3-5 80 and summarized in Table 3-6. 2$

tt 80

~v20 n rs nn a

nr n O

Q 1$ C O 40 20 108210d21084198$ 10881087 10d8108910901991100210921094100$

3-13

Table 3-5. Herbaceous Phytomass for 1995 DATE SITE PLOT Wf48) WTiml'19.8 DATE SITE PLOT WT48) Wfim'933 05/2S GOI 3S 3 32.0 , 05/25 G02 4S-9 293 05/25 601 24 173 175.2 05/2$ G02 IS. I 1$ 1A 05/25 601 311 16.7 167.1 05/2$ C02 241 17.2 171.6 05/2$ GO I 4$ 7 29.1 291.4 0$ I2$ 602 31.7 129 129.1 05/2S GO I 2ta4 89 89.1 05/25 602 3$ 3 12.1 127.0 AVG 209 2083 AVG 17A'.2 1743 SID 83 SS3 SID 61.6 DATE SITE PLOT WT483 WTim'9 DATE SITE PLOT WT(g) Wf/ma 05/18 603 31.7 0.4 05/IS G04 2ta4 2.6 26.0 05/18 G03 I.l I IA 05/IS 604 24 8.1 86.6 05/Ig 603 2'S.9 249 0$ /IS 604 2$ 3 79 78.8 05/18 G03 4.7 469 05/IS G04 31.7 I I.I 111.2 05/18 603 3S3 8.0 05/IS G04 4$ .9 23 24.9 AVG 333 AVG 6.6 653 SID 2.8 27.6 SID 3A 34A DATE SITE PLOT WT483 Wf Ae'36 DATE SITE PLOT WT48I Wfire'13 05/16 GOS IA 05/11 G06 31.7 7.2 05/16 GOS 4$ .9 2.4 239 05/17 G06 2ta4 13.4 134.0 05/16 GOS 241 1.1 109 05/11 G06 3$ .3 8.6 86.1 05/16 GOS 3$ 6 4.7 473 0$ /17 G06 45.9 3.1 30.6 05/16 GOS 31.7 2.2 219 05/11 G06 24 14.0 139.7 AVG 3.6 353 AVG 9.2 92A SID 2.1 209 SID 41 40.7 DATE SITE PLOT TE(g) WTim'63 DATE SITE PLOT WT483 WfinP 05/18 G07 3S.3 93 05/2$ G08 45-9 22.4 224A 05/18 G07 31.7 $ .7 279 05/25 GOS 294 10.2 102.2 05/18 607 2A 509 05/2$ 608 3M 16.8 1682 Of/IS 607 45-9 26.0 46.1 05/25 G08 24 8.6 85.9 05/18 G07 10.1 0$ /2S G08 31 7 11.6 11$ .6 AVG 10.1 413 AVG 139 1393 SID .I 17.6 SZD $ .1 50.7 DATE SITE PLOT WT48) WfJm DATE SITE PLOT WT48) WfAn'S.2 05/2S SO! 24 123 123.0 05/26 S02 24 63 05/2S $ 01 3$ .3 $ .2 $ 19 05/26 S02 29-4 6.4 63.8 05/2S $ 01 45.9 2.6 26.0 05/26 S02 31.7 149 1493 OS/2S SO I 31.1 $ .0 49.7 OS/26 S02 353 63 05/2$ SO I 133 1319 05/26 S02 4$ 9 7.1 765 AVG 7.7 763 AVG 83 84.6 STD 43 42.7 SID 33 32.6 DATE SITE PLOT WT483 Wfim'73 DATE SffE PLOT Wf483 Wfina'99A 05/12 S03 24 48 '0$ /26 S04 3S-3 S99 05/12 $ 03 31.3 4.7 47.0 05/26 $ 04 31.1 153 1$ 3.1 05/12 S03 474 2A 24A 05/26 S04 29.2 22.4 224 0 0$ /12 S03 41.5 2.0 203 05/26 SOS 45-9 13.2 132.1 05/12 $ 03 19.7 13.0 130.0 0$ /26 SOl 24 113 1113 AVG 5A 53.8 AVG 24.4 244.1 SID 4.0 39.7 SID 183 181.6 DATE SITE PLOT WT~ Wfima DATE SITE PLOT Wf481 Wfim'7.0 OS/16 SOS 24 th7 87.1 05/17 S06 31 7 7.7 0$ /16 SOS 2ta4 6.1 613 05/I 7 $ 06 69 05/16 SOS 35.3 2.7 27.0 05/I 7 S06 N-3 5.6 56A 05/16 $ 05 31 7 313 312.6 0$ /17 S06 45-9 63 63.2 05/16 S05 45.9 83 813 0$ /11 $ 06 24 103 101.1 AVG I IA 1139 AVG 1A 733 SID 10.4 101.6 SID 1.6 15.6 DATE SITE PLOT Wf~ Wfina'80.1 Phytamara Snmmary 0548 S07 45-9 ILO 0548 S07 3S 3 25.2 hlEAN 6014108 107.0 Gramalaq, meter 05/08 S07 24 24.5 245.1 MEAN SO I-$07 123.0 Creme/aq, meter 0$ t08 $ 07 2ta4 29A 2943 05/08 S07 31.7 328 3279 AVG 213 214.$

SID 10.7 1069 3-14

Table 3-6 presents mean phytomass values for each station in each year since 1975.

Table 3-6. Comparison of Herbaceous Phytomass (g/m') for 1975 through 1995 g~g ~j~'.+~:,5 g$ '436'".'>'I.,"St37$

302 IN 144

"'"W~&ch

,~<:,2026 n 10$ 237 21 162 173 115

$7 21 16 71

, ><&<6..t.'@

(0+$ 2@ 200 261 159 1$ 0 115 $1 90 62 113 24 22 OrS< I<::C< 2 0 171 136

~C'$0$ 3<gg$ 77 1$ 7

~'ilats:P'4 IN 57 95 9$ 43

'7 67

'<~.2905".'< 70 12 27 61

$@'0 61 32 112 176 42 134 62 144 10$ NS

('o<I29$ $ ;g $4 N 16 61 59 15 19 0'(IS@<<~ 1733 C5.7 105.1 49S 43.2 CI I I LI S3.9 72$ t 67 SM 10$ .7 72.7 149$

~j!197st ~> 1$ .6 4.1 73$ $ 6$ 3M 29.1 10 $ 0.9 4$ A C.l

@P99~$ grg $ 7.7 161.6 CT.C ITIS I0 I A NOA I I'25,1 5$ 2 225.1 2N

..:,".2992,-:::;; W2A 109A 49A I 0 IA 74$ 4M 2478 90.7 $ 0$ 1103 I 0 ID IOTA

Q;;:; .@>.",'3

'PY2953Yx'4C 1 56.6 708 IOM 75$ 162 150.7 100$ $ 02 91.7 N IA 17$ .1

)>><aY,;<7>0 xt W$ 794$ > 45.7 4M 494 IS C I$2 418 44.1 27$ 1$ .4 208 IM 19.1 5:095k.'20$ 8 1748 655 $ 55 92A I0C.9 1393 TCS $ 46 11$ .9 745 2148 PIC. 3.5. Phytosaur st tlrustsnd and Shtnb Stations (or 197S thron$ h 199S

~ <s<<<s tao

~ o<asstaNr>

Q snaoas POO so rrsoro>s Oso<s 3-15

3.3.3 <~il <h*

In comparison to previous years data, their has been no significant change in soil chemistry for the fifteen sampling stations. The following Table (3-8) is a summation of soil chemistry for 1995.

Table 3-8 Summary of Soil Chemistry for 1995 P;",:G'mk'cga'tj;.:~~ i':?~.:Siiffaa',.:,.'...~ a;,::Chfoiiih',"..<',;. .:':":;:hmIZP::;,l;m g~:l'Sa&e'iPj;,':(4: Kciib'oxiite'Pp,',:;'.

m,"::~',,'@31,';;:;.", 6.91 29.9 1.01 0.205 8.9 46.7 0.047 0.0011 7.21 36.3 0.94 0.330 10.9 53.7 0.053 0.0010 71.8 6.43 0.606 9.0 46.4 0.046 0.0018 6.84 15.4 1.34 0.160 8.'1 46.4 0.053 0.0005 6.94 19.2 0.86 0.215 7.8 38.3 0.043 0.0007 6.85 16.6 0.63 0.163 8.1 43.1 0.054 0.0005 gw, QO7a~~ 7.08 61.1 0.83 0.205 12.7 47.6 0.056 0.0014 28.1 0.85 0.247 12.8 42.8 0.047 0.0009 g,".::::Ãil'.:,.':,::,,::',: 7.14 33.7 1.15 0.277 33.5 0.049 0.0010 j~j:80$ 'j~," 7.62 19.1 0.33 0.196 3.1 15.2 0.032 0.0010 1~>:,'j::,803~,::~$ 6.22 131 2.01 0.528 10.0 53.9 0.057 0.0006

<:"::;:',"."SO4g.".,q 7.166 18.6 0.32 0.209 9.0 43.4 0.051 0.0008 23.9 0.37 0.143 7.8 42.6 0.051 0.0007 7.91 43.7 0.39 0.205 8.7 41.3 0.042 0.0030

<P'SOP;!,',:::,:.: 8.50 212 5.85 2.51 13.1 59.2 0.056 0.0054 3-16

4.0 REFERENCES

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1976. Aquatic ecological studies conducted near WNP-1, 2, and 4, September 1974 through September 1975. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 2. Richland, WA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1977. Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, October 1975 through February 1976. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 3.

Richland, WA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1978. Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-1,2, and 4, March through December 1976. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 4.

Richland, WA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1979a. Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, March through December 1977. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 5.

Richland, WA.

Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1979b. Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4, January through August 1978. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 6.

Richland, WA.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1980. Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, August 1978 through March 1980. Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol. 7. Portland, OR.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1981. Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, May through December 1980. Portland, OR.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1982a. Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, May through December 1981. Portland; OR.

Beak Consultants, Inc. 1982b. Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, May through August 1982. Portland, OR.

Black, C.A. et al., 1965. Methods of Soil Analysis. Academic Press, Inc. New York, New York.

Daubenmire, R. 1968. Plant Communities. Harper and Row, New York, New York.

Davis, W. III and T.E. Northstrom. 1987. Review of the environmental monitoring program for WNP-2 with recommendations for design of continuing studies. Washington Public Power Supply System. Richland, WA.

4-1

4.0 REFERENCES

(Continued)

Droppo, J.G., C.E. Hane and R.K. Woodruff November 1976. Atmospheric Effects of Circular Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers at Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Plant Number Two.

Environmenthl Protection Agency. August 1978. Quality Assurance Guidelines for Biological Testing, EPA/600/4-78/043.

Environmental Protection Agency. 1991. Methods for the Determination of Metals in Environmental Samples. EPA/600/4-91-010.

Environmental Protection Agency. September 1991. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Eftluents to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.

Gilman, Lee B. 1989. Microwave Sample Preparation. CEM Corporation.

. Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber Method for

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714-719; Correction 12(4): 417 (1978).

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Mudge, J.E., T.B. Stables and W. Davis III. 1982. Technical review of the aquatic monitoring program of WNP-2. Washington Public Power Supply System. Richland, WA.

Northstrom, T.E., J.L. Hickam and T.B. Stables. 1984. Terrestrial monitoring studies for 1983.

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'ickard, W.H. and K.A. Gano. 1976. Terrestrial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply system Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for the period July 1974 to June 1975. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. Richland, WA.

Rickard, W.H. and K.A. Gano. 1977. Terrestrial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1976. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. Richland, WA.

Rickard, W.H. and K.A. Gano. 1979a. Terrestrial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1977. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

4-2

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(Continued)

Rickard, W.H. and K.A. Gano. 1979b. Terrestrial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4. Progress report for 1978. Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.

h Schleder, L.S. 1982. Preoperational animal studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4. Annual report for 1981. Washington Public Power'Supply System, RicMand, WA.

Schleder, L.S. 1983. Preoperational animal studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4. Annual report for 1982. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.

'I Schleder, L.S. 1984. Preoperational animal studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4. Annual report for 1983. Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.

Shipley, B.L. et al., 1980. NUREG/CR1231. Remote sensing for detection and monitoring of salt stress on vegetation: Evaluation and guidelines. Final report. September 1976-March 1979.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Washington, DC.

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Standard Methods for the Examinaton of Water and Wastewater. 1995. 19th Edition, APHA, AWWA, WEF, Washington, D.C., 1995.

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Olympia, WA.

Washington Public Power Supply System. Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2. Annual Reports for 1985-1994. Richland, WA.

4-3