ML20085M636
| ML20085M636 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Davis Besse  |
| Issue date: | 11/11/1991 |
| From: | TOLEDO EDISON CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, S, WM, NUDOCS 9111110248 | |
| Download: ML20085M636 (55) | |
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t) Vaste Management Questions A. Spent l'uel questions:
- 1. Which of the following current techniques for at-reactor storage are I I you using and how?
A. Re-racking of spent fuel. B. Control rod repositioning. C. Above ground dry storage. D. Longer fuel burnup. E. Other (please identify). Answer: A. Re-racking of spent fuel. ! Spent fuel is currently stored exclusively in the spent fuel pool. The spent fuel pool was re-racked to its current capacity of 735 fuel assemblies in 1978. Higher enrichment fuel (maximum 3.8 vt.% o-235) and longer fuel burnup is now used and nominal fuel cycle length is now approximately 18 months, resulting in fever assemblies being discharged as compared to annual cycles. .
- 2. Do you plan on continuing the use of these current techniques for at-reactor storage of spent fuel during the remaining time of your operating license or do you expect to change or modify them in some vay?
Answer: Toledo Edison is currently evaluating spent fuel storage expansion options to provide adequate at reactor storage through the end of licensed life. Spent fuel pool re-racking and dry cask storage are the two options under active consideration. Re-racking the spent tuel pool marginally 1 satisfied the need until the end of licensed life.
- 3. Vhich of the following techniques for at-reactor storage do you anticipate using until off-site spent fuel storage becomes available and how?
A. Re-racking of spent fuel. B. Control red repositioning. C. Above ground dry storage. D. Longer fuel burnup. E. Other (please identify). l Ansver: A. Re-racking of spent fuel, and i C. Above ground dry storage (see answer to 2 above). 1
- 4. Vill the techniques described above be adequate for continued at-reactor stage of spent fuel for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of license renewal, or are you developing other plans?
Answer: Spent fuel storage beyond licensed life has not been considered at this time.
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- 5. Do you anticipate the need to acquire additional land for the storage of spent-fuel for the opetating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of licerse reneval? If so, how much land? When vould this acquisition occur? Vhere? (if answer is "yes", 3-4 sentence
T~ Ansver: It is unlikely that additional land would need to be acquired for spent fuel storage for the remainder of the license term or a 20-year extension.
- 6. Do you anticipate any additional construction activity on-site, or immediately adjacent to the power plant site, associated with the continued at-reactor storage of spent fuel for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of license reneval ,
(yes/no). ; Ansver: Yes, if dry cask storage is adopted to expand spent fuel storage capacity, construction of a pad / storage area vould be required.
- 7. If you ansvered YES to question 6, briefly describe this construction activity (e.g., expansion of fuel storage pool, building above ground dry storage facilities). ,
Answer: See answer to question 6 above. B. Low-level radioactive vaste management questions:
- 1. Under the current scheme for LLRV disposal (i.e. LLRV Policy Amendments Act of 1985 and regional compacts) is there currently or vill sufficient capacity for vastes generated during the license reneval period be available to your plant (s)? If so, what is the basis for this conclusion?
Ansver: On site storage is currently via an interim lov-level vaste storage facility. At this time, future LLRV disposal capacity is uncertah.. Michigan, the host state for the first 20 years has not yet selected a site for the LLRV facility and there is considerable political and activist opposition to siting a facility in Michigan. It is unlikely that the LLRV policy " Amendments Act of 1985 deadlines vill be met.
- 2. If for any reason your plant (s) is/are denied access to a licensed disposal site for a short period of time, what plans do you have for continued LLRV disposal?
Answer. Davis-Besse has on-site LLRV storage capacity to accommodate approximately five years of vaste generation.
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- 3. In a couple of pages, please describe the specific methods oC LLRV '
management currently utilized by your plant. Vhat percentage of your current LLRV (by volume) is managed by: A. Vaste compaction? 65% B. Vaste segregation (tFrough special controls or segregation at [" [ radiation check point)? 25% C. Decontamination of vastest 10% D. Sorting of vaste prior to shTinient? 0 E. Other (please identify) Nj/A Answer: Description of LLRV Managenient: The solid vaste syr tem vas designed to receive, process, . package, and storr the vastes generated at the Davis-Besse t [' Nuclear Pover Station. The system was designed to accomplish this task an a manner so simple as to minimize the possibility of radioactive material release and personnel exposure. The materials handled by the system incitide bead-type resins, spent fil'er cartridges, powdered resins, and miscellaneous vaste auch as paper, rags, contaminated ,. clothing, gloves and shoe coverings. _ _ Storage facilities for radvaste include a drum storage area and stalls for up to five liners of vaste. Although vastes are expected to be stored onsite prior to shipment, radioactive decay realized by such storage is not taken into account when filling the respective vaste containers. That is, once filled, any container can normally be shipped immediately without exceeding Department of Transportation radiation limits. Co'npacted vaste may also be stored on the Radvaste Storage Pa 1. Radiation surveys conducted by Health Physics personnel are performed when new containers are placed within the storage pad area or when any rearrangement of containers occurs. If indicated from the radiation surveys, the radvaste storage pad area vill be posted as a radiation area. The Low Level Radioactive Vaste Stoiage Facility (LLRVSF) provides interim on-site storage fer dry active vaste (DAV) boxes and liners /High 'ntegrity Containers (HIC) and also provides DAV compaction and segregation areas. Approxin;a tel; five years of storage area is available in the LLRVSF. The facility has separate radiation monitoring and floor drain collection systems. l l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - ..
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- 4. In a couple of pages, please describe the anticipated plans for LLRV management to be utilized by your plant (s) during the remainder of the operating license and through the license reneval term. Vhat percentage of your anticipated vaste (by volume) vill be managed by:
A. Vaste compaction? 6_5% B. Vaste segregation (through special controls or segregation at [ [ radiation check points)? 25% C. Decontamination of vastes?IO% D. Sorting of vaste prior to shTp~nient? N/A E. Other (please identify) J N Ansver: The anticipated plans for LLRV Management during the remainder of the operating license and through the license reneval term includes onsite LLRV storage for approximately ,. five years of vaste generation. Other future plans are ; dependent upon site selection of a regional LLRV facility. '
- 5. Do you anticipate the need to acquire additional land for the storage of LLRV for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of license rencval? If so, how much land? Vhen vould this acquisition occur? Where? (if answer is "yes", 3 4 sentences)?
Ansver: No ,"
- 6. To provide information on the timing ot future lov-level vaste streams, if you answered yes to question 9 over what periods of time sre these activities contemplated?
Ansver N/A
- 7. Do you anticipate any additional construction activity, on-site or immediately adjacent to the power plant site, associated with temporary LLRV storage for the operating lifetime of the plant, inckding a 20-year period of license renewal? (yes/no).
Answer No
- 0. If you answered yes to question 7, briefly describe this construction activity (e.g., storage areas for steam generator components or other materials exposed to reactor environment).
Ansver: N/A
- 9. To provide information on future low-level vaste streams which may effect workforce levels, exposure, and vaste compact planning, do you anticipate any major plant modifications or referbishment that are likely to generate unusual volumes of lov-level radioactive vaste prior to, or during, the relicensing period for the plant? If so, please describe these activities. Also, what types of modifications do you anticipate to be necessary to achieve license renewal operation through a 20-year license renewal term?
Ansver: None. No major plant modifications or refurbishment are anticipated.
OO . s! C. Hixed lov-level radioactive vaste question
- 1. If your plant generates mixed LLRV, hov is it currently being stored and vhat plans do you have for managing this vaste during the license reneval period?
Ansver Omit, as requented in the June 15, 1990 14UMARC letter. [' J Aquatic Resource Questions
- 1. Post-licensing modifications and/or changes in operations of intake and/or discharga systems may have altered the effects of the power plant on aquatic resources, or may have been made specifically to mitigate impacts that vare not anticipated in the design of the plant. Describc any such modifications and/or operational changes t I to the condenser cooling vater intake and discharge systems since ' "
ti.e issuance nf the Operating License. I Ansver Changes to the condenser cooling vater have been minor in nature and had little impact on the aquatic resources. The condenser cooling vater system is a closed system. The intake canal has been dredged to remove sand and silt from the mouth , of the canal, , I l ' l 2. Summarize and describe (or provide dot.umentation of) any kno u l I impacts on aquatic resources (e.g., fish kills, violations of l discharge pernit conditions) or 14ational Pollutant Discharge '.E Elimination System (11PDES) enforcement actions that have occurred l since issuance of the Operating License. Ilov have the::e been i resolved or changes over time? (The response to this question l should indicate whether impacts are ongoing vere the result of l start-up problems that vere subsequently resolved.) . j
-Answer: In October 1987, oil-and grease hily. concentrations in a !
holding pond vere identified as a reportable event, rioating oil booms have been installed to mitigate the discharges. A
- hydrazine discharge was identified in January of 1989 which hau limited environmental impact. Resolution to this condition 's presently being completed.-
- 3. Changes to the 11PDES permit during operation of the plant could I indicate whether water quality parameters vere determined to have no significant impacts (and vere dropped from monitoring requirements)
, or vere subsequently raised as a vater quality issue. Provide a brief summary of changes (and when they occurred) to the t4PDES permit for the plant since issuance of the Operating License. i Answer: N/A. lio changes submitted which could have significant impact. v ,- - ,w -
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- 6. An examination of trends in the effects on aquatic resources monitoring can indicate whether impacts have increased, decreased, or remained relatively stable during operation. Describe and summarire (or provide documentation of) results of monitoring of vater quality and aquatic biota (e.g., related to NPDES permits, Environmental Technical Specifientions, site-specific monitorirg required by federal or state agencies). Vhat trends are apparent [ [
over time? Ansvert Vater quality analysis, plankton stdies and benthic studies have been compared with pre-operational studies to clearly demonstrate that there has been no degradation of the Lake Erie water quality or ecosystem as a result of the operation of the Davis-Besse Huclear Pover Statioti.
- 5. Summarire types and numbers (or provide documentation) of organisms I (ntrained and impinged by the condenser cooling vater system since issuance of the Operating License. Describe any seasonal patterns associated vith entrainment and impingement. Hw has entrainment and impingement changed over time?
Answers Since 1989, rebra mussels have been spreading through Lake Erie. The rebra mussels are present in canals and intakes but not within the plant. Sodium hypochlorite is being used for , veliger control. ,
- 6. Aquatic habitat enhancement or restoration efforts (e.g., anadromous fish runs) during operation may have enhanced the biological communities in the vicinity of the plant. Alternatively, degradation of habitat or water quality may have resulted in loss of biological resources near the site. Describe any changes to aquatic habitats (both enhancement and degradation) in the vicinity of the power plant since the issuance of the Operating License including those that may have resulted in different plant impacts than those initially predicted.
Ansvers IU A . Davis-Besse does not provide for habitat enhancement. A general increase in the quality of water and aquatic resources surrounding the plant may be realized irom the general improved cleanliness of Lake Erie.
- 7. Plant operations may have had positive, negative, or no impact on the use of aquatic resources by otbers. Harvest by commercial or recreational fishermen may be constrained by plant operation.
Alternatively commercial harvesting may be relatively large compared with fish losses caused by the plant. Describe (or provide documentation for) other nearby uses of waters affected by cooling , water systems (e.g., svimming, boating, annual harvest by commercial and recreational fisheries) and how these impacts have changed since issuance of the Operating License. 1
{:][:: , , Answers No significant impact to any water users, the only limited - impact to any commercial fishing use due to precautions that may be required at or near station intake crib and effluent systems. The condenser cooling vater system is a closed system. The lack of thermal discharge does not enhance or deter from typical fishing activities in these areas. [" l
- 8. Describe other sources of impacts on aquatic resources (e.g.,
industrial discharges, other power plants, agricultural runoff) that could contribute to cumulative impacts. Vhat are the relative contributions by percent of these sources, including the contributions due to the power plant, to overall vater quality degradation and losses of aquatic biota? Ansver The Davis-Besse site location is isolated from industrial areas U ! and does not anticipate any cumulative effects from industry or ' other power plants. Any significant water quality impact vould be due to agricultural runoff discharge via the Toussaint and Portagt rivers. No studies have been performed to provide a percentage break-down based upon this distribution. There exists no evidence of water quality degradation-or biota loss.
- 9. Provide a copy of your section 316(a) and (b) demonstration report ,
required by the clean Vaste Act. What section 316(a) and (b) _ __ determinations have been made by the regulatory authorities? Answer A copy of the section (b) demonstration report is enclosed. A copy of Section 316 (a) vas not readily accessible. w V M
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. IRE Socioeconomic Questions for all litilities
- 1. To understand the importance of the plant and the degree of its socioeconomic impacts on the local region, estimate the number of permanent vorkers on-site for the most recent yens for which data are available. [ ["
Answer: 1,227 regular Toledo Edison employees.
- 2. To understand the importance of the plant to the local region, and how that has changed over time, estimate the average number of permanent vorkers on site, in five-year increments starting with the issuance of the plant's Operating License. If possible, provide this information for each unit at a plant site. , ,
1 Answer: 1977 - 665 regular Toledo Edison employees. 1982 - 765 regular Toledo Edison employees. 1987 - 1,122 regular Toledo Edison employees.
- 3. To understand the potential impact of continued operation for an additional 20 years beyond the original licensing term, please provide for the following three cases:
A) a typical planned outage: ,
- 8) an ISI outage and C) the largest single outage (in terms of the number of workers involved) that has occurred to date An estimate of additional workers involved (for the entire outage and for each principal task), length of outage, months and year in which vork occurred, and cost. Also, estimate occupational doses received by permanent and temporary vorkers during each principal . .
task. Answer: A) Additional workers: Totals not available. Length of outage November 11, 1984 to Januar*; 19, 1985. Cost: Totals not available. B) Additional workers: 1590 Length of outage January 29, 1990 to July 5, 1990. Cost $57.1 Million C) Additional vorkers: 1500 Length of outage June 9, 1986 to December 24, 1988. Cost: $284 Hillion Estimated occupational dosest A) 4th Refueling Outay - (a typical planned outage). Average personnel exposure per individual monitored was 89 millirem. The total personnel exposure for the outage was 176 man-rem, with 50 man-rem for permanent vorkers and 126 man-rem for temporary workers.
fl E B) 6th Refueling Outage - (an 151 Outage). Average personnel exposure per ind~lvidual monitored was 74 millitem average exposure. The total personnel exposure for the outage vas 474 man-rem, with 80 man-rem for permanent vorhers and 394 man-rem for temporary votkers. I I C) 18 month shutdovn - (largest single outage) The 1986 total vas 124 man-rem for a 37 millirem average exposure, with 21 man-rem for permanent vorkers and 103 man-rem for temporary vorkers. The 1987 total vas 47 man-rem for a 14 millirem avetage exposure, with 20 man-rem for permanent votkers and 27 man-rem for temporary vorkers.
- 4. To understand the plant's fiscal importance to specific t {
jurisdictions, for 1980, 1985, and the latest year for which data are available, estimate the entire plant's taxable assessed value and the amount of taxes paid to the state and to each local taxing jurisdiction. Ansver Due to a corporate merger, accounting figures for 1980 and 1985 are not available. The 1989 plant's taxable assessed value is
$305 million and the amount of local taxes paid is $13.3 "
million. fio state tax is paid. , SWW'I'
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we'41 9"7N 01.18R9ECHNICAt.1 REPORT NO 130 t
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[ ') 'N , j f.H1 Table 15. A Susuary p Monthly Fish Ispingement at the [ r Davis Beste Nuclear Power Stations: 1 Januar I through 31 December 1978 . . . . . . . . . . y...... 57 Table 16. Commeretail Fish Landings from the Ohio Water of . Lake Ertet: 1974 1978 ................. 58 'A o e. . . . , et TGle 17. t commercink. Fish Landings from Lake Eries ! 1975 1978 rb........*.t. . 74 . . . . ' . g's . .' . 59 1 .
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$ W ARY AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4
The Day 15 Besse Nuclear Power Station is located A the southwest I I shore of take Erie at Locust Point and is co-owned by the Toledo Edison Co@any and the Cleveland Electric 111ustnating Conpany and operated Unit 1 is capable of generating 906 Kde by the Toledo Edison Cowany. Hakt.up water for cooling and has a closed condenser cooling system. purposes in drawn frcn Lake Erie from a lutAerged intake crib 3000 feet of,fshore through a buried eight foot diameter conduit to a closed, but uncovered, intake cana). The canal is approximately 2950 f eet long an4 terstnates at the trash racks of the intake structure. WaterDesign capacity ,, in drawn through the intake trib and conduit by gravity. . [ for Unit 1 is 42,000 gpm with a resultant approach velocity through the ' crib ports of 0.25 - f t/sec. Cooling tower blowdown is discharged at a point approximately 1200 feet offshore through a six foot diameter buried conduit which terstnates in a high velgstty nonle to promote The scope of work rapid mixing. The maximum allcmable of is 20'T. perf ormed f or the following 316(b) demonstretton wat in direct co@ltance the U.S. Meclear Regulatory Connission with a study plan agreed and the loledo Edison Conpany upon b Environmental Technical SpectfIcations. Appendix B to f act11ty Operatl LicenseNo.WPF3). " Studies of fish lapinged on the traveling screens of the power ._ station were conducted during the period 1 January through 31 December 1978. During this period the date, time, and kration of operation of the plant's traveling screens was recorded. Fish were collected during 144 of the 221 screen operations by slacing a wire barrier with the same mesh as the traveling screens (4 inc t) in the siviceway thrtsph which all back-washed material must pass. When the screens were turned off, the fish in f ront of this barrier were removed by hand. All tapinged fish were identified and enumerated, a total weight was determintd for each species, and 41) or at least $0 fish of each species were weighed and measured individually.
$1nce the time and duratton of every screen operation was known, it of hours represented by each was possible collection. to determine the numberFrom this and the nMer of f tsh tapinged during that pertod, was developed. The average of these a concentration, fish tapinged/ hour,tapingement during hours when screen-concentrations was used to estiaste washed f15h were not collected.
Entrainment estimates were computed by multiplytog tchthyoplankton concentrations as observed in the lake at the intake crib by the volume of water pumped through the plant. Ichthyop16nkton concentrations were datorstned at approatshately ten day intervalt erring the pertod of larval occurrence in 1978 (Apr11 throu August) from four three-etnote obityve tows (bottee to surf ace) withgh a 0.75 m diameter heavy duty oceanographic plankton net at night. It is estinkted that a total of 5,607 fish representing 20 tpecies was 1spinged on the traveling screens at the Darts-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1978. No specten itsted as rare and endangered by the Ohio
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b 4 n 1 . . , - a , g> , 4, r the authors that the design and the distance offshore would place j i ' the Davis lesse intake in the low risk category, but that the biological richness of the Western Basin of 1. eke Erle causes anyiintnke in this area to move into the Intermedtste risk group where it will receive careful scrutiny, it is apparent that Davis 4 esse has passed this scrutiny. osis The '5ection 316 Guidelines', having preythsly 3described the f6(b) the objective of demonstration, describe of a 316(b) "The primary objective of any 316(b) eval-demonstrations as follows: untion should be to detensine if an entsting er propetes From the cocitng water 1 intake structure etniettes adverse environmental tapact.* ' abCve discussions and the s2stantf ative findings presented within the body of this report, it is apparent that entrafnment and tapinpement lesses at the Davis lesse heclear Power Station erring 1974 ween well within acceptable Itatts and that the intake structure is mietetztng adverse anytronmental impact. . e (. 1I Y ' 6
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eGE . g' s 4 M 9 g J2 h high as actual nortality ranges from 10=93 percent depending on t e species, season, and mode of traveling screen operation. [- l fntrainment_ Entratnment is the noun form of the verb entrain, meaning "to draw
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along with" and ortgtnates frca the Miodle French vertIn the terminology of 316 meaning "to drag". refers to aquaticentrained org6ntsas, organisms ares smaller than the mesh of the inttka plant. The most.frsquenti sterocrustaceans, protozoans and rottfers fish
- r algal cs11s (phytoplankton eggs and larves of ,t and (3) lanktonic l (tooplankten),
(ichthyoplankton). Only the tehthyoplankton segment is addressed in this report. Nature has coentered the entremely high netural sortality ratesf6any spectos lay auffer with high fecundities. these early live stage: over 500.000 eggs yearly. However, entralament of these early itfe stages still warrants scrutiny since future see c16sses sust arteeg from this group, Quantifyfhg entratament requires freeventNewever, aanttoring these est p to the high valability in the densttles er fish eggs and larvae. forms are present for fer any plonkton1c spec 1el cen be estlasted densttles plant. observed in front of the int 6ke screens by the flow thr entrained but does not address entralnment alvre sportenced sorttitty.fevnd ey the that nortality of entrat 1111. ranp s (1977) from 0 30 percent den the maalaus . Menever, stace Dayis-larvat dering condenser yassage Is less than 30 Besse has a closed cur.c cooling systes,100 percent mortaltty of entratned orgentsas has been essemed. ITATI M K SCRIPflM i Station t.aceitoo 6 Unit 1 is located in Ottawa The Devil.leste 16peleer Power $tation trte abeet t! alles east of cetthe touthwest shore of Lake T ont to the Toledo. TheOnte,954. acre site is located in Cartejl'tt'W). County, ,ownship 6dt4136'l7'Iland$1 mouth of the Toussetnt kiver (coordinates: The site has 7190 feet of Lake tele frontase (Figer1r 1), this p lake level (V.5,. Atatic Energy Commissten,1973). 4 b ,
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, - e : , 9 -t j Locating the $ rib in desper water was investiga d buNound not to be a i viable alternative. Water depths of 20 feet are not rencMd in the victntty of the site untti approminately four to five alles from shore.
The design fina11y chosen utt11:ed a downward flow of water into the crib
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so that ths e r a possible and; intake ports could be located still be eder water during low 16ke level conditions. as f ar off the lake botton ' as' Ourt the design of the intake crib ' consideration was tven to using velocity caps to change the directlen of the intde f fow from vertical to horitental. However this did not turn 94) to be faastble, since under low lake level condtltons the upper portten of the velocity caps would have been above water. Also since the velocity caps would they would L - subjected to protrude above the top of the intake crib, floating tee, and wind , blown winter ice conditions. ice masses, would most These ice condittent,locity itkely damage the ve caps annus11y and in . doing so could cause structural damage to the intake crib itself. - Intake Canal. N Intake canal is en open channel with earthen embankaants to convey water from the lateke conduit (bringing water from the intake crib) to the intake structure located lanedtete y east of Unit No. 1. The intake canal is apprealaately 2960 feet.leng including the forebay and is separated from the lake b constructed of large 11eestene rip The ras.y a tend canal beach and40eeschfront ts apprestostely to dtke with 3:1 sute slopes and a water depth of 13 to , 45 14 feet feet wide 64 theIde at normal betten, levels estopt in the victatty of the intake - At a flew rate of 42 0 structure eps, where it widens the calculated veloctt to fore the forsbay.in the intake canal to11apprentaately 6.00 f t/sec. The intake tenal f is apprestasely 800 feet long. 200 feett wide, feet atat the bettes, normal lake levels.with 3:1 s de slopes and a water depth of 16 to 17 latake Structure. The intake structure is shown h Ftpure 4 and in 1 at the messert and of the intake canal fereb All of the water wh1 6.used by theienit Is pumped vie the peps 1 1n the intake s . structure. The folging pumps are located in,the in toe Water Pops . I oportting,1 staaet Caeling faser Makeup Pump = t used as required Otlutten Pump = 1 used as regelred
- Water ScreenTrootment Becketsh PumpsFeedpumps
. I used .1 as eporettas, require d1 stendhy Noe pungs 're t preceded by the trash reds and kreweling screens.
The trash recht are flaad screens, have four lach hy, twenty.sta tnch openings and will be menvally cleaned. The treveltag careens heue one. quarter Inch square openings and will be estemetically tietned either en a pre set time laterval er differentiti pressure across the screens. - f M / The quantity of water need for eseling at the teils.teste nuclear h M Power Statten. Unit No.1, has been staletted by estng a Iclosed eendenser K +' i g'
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9-The discharge of cooling tower blowdown from Thermal Discharge. the station's suteerged discharge structure generates a themal plume in Lake Erte. The plume is calculated Theto have a tr.axisum surf ace area temerature of 0.7 acres (U.S. Atomic Energy Comission,19731. difference between cgoling tower blowdown water and anbtent lake waterLake water is 7-used to dilute th 7 g ranges as high as 30 Y.that the effluent to the lake never exceeds 20,F above ambient lak tegerature. - AMLYSis 0F TACTORS AFFECTING [NTRAlleENT AND IMP 1EENDIT Y and econovste importance of fish species for resident t [ along the so western Lake Erie was conducted in an attespt to determine the reasons *
- the incidence of entratnment and igingement of those fish species and site classes collected, and to deterstne the (1) significance swimmtog speeds. of these losses to man.
Factors included in this analysts weres (3) econcente and trophic importance, (4) hydrology, (25 fecundity,d habitat preference, (5)habitatan status. and (6) for important species. Theserare and endangered spec the impingement /entratnment potential findings place f1sh are later related to the results of the monitoring progran to , spective with fish population dynastes in the , Western Basin of Lake Erie.., 5wimino soeeds_ 1chthyoplankton, consisting of fish eggs and larvae, is ths portion of the fish popuistion which is susceptible to entratnnent at the powe station. sustained swiming and, therefore. have virtually uro swiming speeds.individuali are lar Untti the post larval stages, these , floaters and their primary mobility is due to wat r currents. Adult swinning speeds are generally reisted to body fore Burst speeds of 10 body *iqths (BL) per second (morphology) and length. a, e p ,:r;,1v accepted for fish and cruising speeds of 3 BL/sec Cruising nres can be sustained vor (Sainbridge, 1958; 81axter, 1969).1960). Fry and Hart (1948) Observed that up to several hours (Batnbridge, ly when the temperaturt is estremely low sataming ability decreases rapid or hIgh. ' Much worit has been done over the past 90 years on fish swimm speeds. apparatus and in definition of the dif f erences in Apparatus has varted from a rotating annular chambar to responses. fishes progress against a measured background. photography of .a Theref ore, various types of swimming speeds it iswere measured. Eurst speed is usually a quick, unsustainable response of only a few seconds,Crutsing (sustained) Speed is utt11:ed to escape danger. migratory studies when speeds are maintained over al
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No. 6, A list of Comon and Setentific Names of Fishes From the United States and Canada,197Ohe infortsation given under fecundity charac. l teristics for each of the species has been obtained from one or more of the50nueeredreferences(indicatedinparenthesisfollowingthedata) which are listed in Table 5. 7 The r ted fucundity of the most comonly entrained species ranged fron ta few thousand to nearly 4 million eggs per female. With the exception of yellcw perch (44,000) and emerald shiners (5001,500), all of the comon species (gtraard shad white bass, freshwater drum, and walleg) have a mean egg production between 300,000 600,000 per female. Therefore, because of stellar fecundttles, entrainment of a particular species appears to be related more to the nuter of gravid females in the area than to the relative egg production between species. , liconomic en Trophic 1moortance ! Comercial fishing has been an important industry for people itving around western Lake Erie for over 100 years. Annual Lake Erie production (ccranercial catch) has varied between 15,000 to 35,000 tons (average 25,000 tons) which accounts for approntmately 50 percent of the total annual production of the Great Lakes (Hartman,1973). Presently yellow perch and white bass are the soit tegortant cosesercial spectes (Table 6). The walleye f thery, which has been closed to comercial fishermen in Ohio and Michigan fbr the past five years, has recovered significantly, but it '" will remain closed for comercial fishing at least through 1960. ~~ Sport fishing in the Ohio waters of Lake trle is a populsr sport; nearly 300,000 Ohio licensed anglers fish in Lake trie. In 1978, appros-teately 15.6 million f tih (3,43r metric tonsl were harvested by sportsmen in these waters (Table 6). Tell> perch, waileye, white bass, freshwater drum, and channel catf tsh, respectively, were the most comon species taken. They accounted for over 97 percent of the total catch. The econente and tropic tacortance of 15 of the most comon species of fish found in western Lake Erle is given in Table 7. Figures through Decese>er 1978 (ndteste a comercial fish harvest of 9.3 militon pounds which is 9 percent greater than the 8.5 at11 ton pout.ds landed in 19?? and 20 percent over the 7.6 at11 ton pounds harvested in 1976 (Ohio Olvision of tilldif f e,1979). The landed or dock value of the comercial harvest incr$4 sed 8 percent in 1978 t6 nearly 12,600,000. A major portion of this increase was due to increased landings of white bass with an estteated dock value of $800,000. License and royalty feel paid by the casenercial filherles for the privilege to harvest fish from Ohio waters of Lake [ rte were $13,600. Sport anglers on the Ohio waters of Lake [ rte ally essend an estteated 560,000,000 in pursuit of their sport. la 978, they caught nearly 15.6 million fish for en average cost of 13. per fish landed.
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. . - , ,, ., 13 I Sand CM be found in the position of bars before and after major stores. p For example f athcneter proilles of the lake bottos at Locust Point before J (13 June 19f2) and af ter (28 June 1972) tropical stors Agnes revealed that two offshore bars migrated 20 to 25 feet shoreward as a result of wave attack from the northwest storm (Herdendorf and Hatr.1972).
Themal Conditions. Water testeratures in western Lde [ rte range
. from LT in~the winter to about 757 in late summer. The Western Basin frequently fretzes from shore to shore in January and the Ice cover breaks up in March and April. A shallow epl11mnton devoleps early during the ,.
but because the basin is to sha11cv wind action causes eff tetent , I spring,l vertica alatng and by June the water becomes vetically Isothermal. . > Diurnal microthermocitnes are cosmon in the summer but prolonged periods of hot, cals weather can cause temporary them:1,strat fication, due to the bsating of the surface water without the benefit of slaing. In 1953, such a situation resulted in severe onypen depletion in the bottoe water (Britt,1955). Water Quality, kutrient overenrichment is the most significant w4ter quellty probles in western Lde Erla. Locust Point, being within , tige nearthore sone, is also charactertaed by low treatparency, a high concentration of dissolved Solids, and warmer water temperature when - , compared with offshore areas. The Ohio $ tate University, Center for Lake Erle Area Research initiated water quality studies at Locust Point in July 1912. Over the past seven years most parameters have shown t)9tcal seasonal trends with only small verlattens fres year to year. Trends for eight water quality parameters from July 1972 through November 1918 are shown on Flpures 7, 4. and 9. Temperature and dissolved oxygen (00) show normal seasonal trends for each year with onyl minor variations from one year to the neat or over the entire period, w appears to have undergone more depletion in 1974 and 1911 than in previews years or in 1918. Hydrogen. ton concentration (pH) and alkaltnity remained fairly stable over the period. Transpwency turbidity, phosphor 18 and conductivity have shown some radical variatlons which am probab' due to stores and dredging activittas that have disturbed the bottos s ts. Phosphorus , levels were low in 1971 and 1978, campered to earlier years. In general hewever, no stenificant deviations from the normal quellty of the water in this part of western Lake trte have been ob6erved during the past seven yeal . . HabitatDestfristionandPrefeceece The Western latin of Lee Erle has long been considered important in the reproductlen of many fish species, due to its shallow nature and many reef a and shoals CHartaan,1970). Trautman (1967) and Scott and Crossaan (1973) provide life history information on Les Erle fish species and indicate that many lake dwelling populations are attratory...uttitzing tributary waters, such as the lower Maunee Alver and Maumee Bay as spawning and nursery areas. This attractice of spenners to - waters results in the concentration of spawning activity andsequentlycon, tributary fish ejgt and larvae in relatively es411 areas. 1 i
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p " D ", Q G 'q g i feet at a distance "f 2200 feet offshore ud 12 feet at 4000 feet I I offshore. The s ud gravel botton, underlain by hard clay perststs lakeward to the rocky reefs about three miles offshore (Figure 11). The offshore reefs consist of bedrock and associated rock rubble and 6 gravel. The topography of the reef tops ruges from ,p ooth slabs of caused by bedrock pinnacles ud large angular boulders, to, rugged surf aces hortsentally bedded rock. In places the exposed bedrock has the appearance of low states with. steps dipping slightly to the east from the " crest to the fringe of the submerged reef. All of the bedrock formations ' tha's fore the reefs ud shoals are carbonate rocks which contain abundant so\ution carttles, in many cases @ to one or two cm in diameter. 1he bedrock itself is commonly masked by rubble composed of both autoch-thonous and glectal origin and ranging from small pebbles to boulders up to five feet in diameter. On the reefs, Isolated patches of sand and gravel fill vertical joint cracks and small depressions in the bedrock; at of the reefs, send and gravel beds, or glectal tt11 lap over the frinpe[l the rock. During quiet periods the rocks are of ten covered by a thin layer of fluff. orguic rich slit, which can be several st111 meters thick * (Herdendorf,1970). .
.t Lakeward of the reefs the depths trcrease raptd1y to 24 feet. Here the bottos is composed of mud (seet flutd slit and clay sited partteles and less thu ten percest sand (F1gute 11).
The lack of permanent :1Itation oe the bedrock and pravel reefs saka them the only sultable sites for ' clean water
- benthic trpentsas such as certein mayflies, caedtaflies, tsopods, and amphipods. These orgutems are taportant S the food web of muy of the commercial ed game f tsh species of western Lake trte. The absence of these animals on or in the adjacent mud bottoms Ilmits the feeding to the reefs and inshore areas.
The reefs project above the bottom and they are generally areas of higher energy due to the force of weves ud corrents. These f actors allow simulation of the environment found tw the riffles of streams. Several species of fl6h, particularly walleye and ette bass, appear to have enjoyed succell in Lake Erle because of the availab(11ty of this type of habitat. Becaust of the lack of shelter in the n6ershort tone of Locust Point, except the intake and discharge structures, the area does not appear to support a large residont fish population. Monthly f(sh collecticas in this area (g111 net, shore seine, and trawl) show great variablitty in species composition and relative abundance which strongly suggest a transtant fish population. Results from 16 years of ssagling at Locust Point indicate that approntmately 50 different species of fish have been captured (Table 9) but only ten apoctes are of any rent numerical or conssercial significance. Alewife, carp, gtstard shad, white bass, enwrald channel catfish totalfresh-water drusshiner, spottall ud walleye thiner, constitute overyellow perch, 97 percen t of the n,ust>er of ( fish that were captured in the area (Reutter and Hedr.hi,1976). i i- , o k
\'
j , n .u. trte Area Research (Heniken,197)) conducted surveys designed to quantify fish larvae densttles throughout the Western Basin during the spring Spanning seasons of 1975 1977. The f ollowing discussion of habitat p g preferences for the major $pecies in the Western Basin 15 derived frcre the results of these Surveys. Gi!!ard shed concent?ations in western Lake Erie appear to be centered mainly jn Maumee and Sandusky Bays; concentrations of larvae exceed 1000/100m . The$e bayl have the poore$t water quality in the balin $ecchi disc readings seldom cced 0.3 m and spectf tc conductance is approntmately twice that of the open Itke. To a lesser extent, the Ohio shoreline which is influenced by p1 tenet of turbid water from the Maumee River Isalsoaspawnin area. Gittard sh'd generally appear to t I utiltre turbid water areas for ake spawning and nursery grounds. Within the Western Basin, white bass larvae are also found exclu-
$1vely in the bay areas. However, because of the large nushers of larvae f ound in the tributary rivers, the primary spawning grounds say not be the bays. The larv6e found in the bays may originate in the rivers and flow downstream to the bays with river currents. The bays however, do serve 45 important nursery grounds.
freshwater drum is another species f ound almost exclusively in the ' highly turbid areas. Drum eggt and pro. larvae contain a large 011 globule which caules them to float near the surf ace. [ggs are of ten seen and collected on the surf ace. This characteristic perintti them to survive in areas where osygen tentions are los in the botton water and also places the drum larvae in the surf ace waters where plankton is concentrated. The increate in drum populationn in Lake (rte may be in part due to this characteristic. Yellow pefch larvae are found mostly in the nearthore areas and appear to be concentrated near the bottom. The tendency f or perch to be near the bottom may be a restiton to light levels because in the more turbid areas of the lake stratification was not as obvious. Perch prefer to spawr, in sandy areas with vegetation (Scott and Crossman,1973). The inshore areal where the 1ervae were found are landy to gravelly with Cladophora being the main vegetation. Walleye larvae were not collected in large enough nuatert in the lake to charactertie their spawning areas; however, the walleye larvae were f ound in areas slmtlarly to those pref erred by the yellow perch. Walleye larvae were found innhore in sandy to rocky substrates. The presence of larvae inshore between Locust and Cat suba Points could be a result of the southerly flDe of the Detroit River acroll the reef t depositing larvae in this area (Figure 6). Thg f act that a large nuncer of larvae were found on Ntagara Retf (68/100 m ) indicates that the retis are probably being utillted for spawning. Emerald shber larvae were found in highest nvwbers in the least-turbid and open water portions of the basin, especially in the deeper \ water adjacent to rocky reefs. Larvae were generally captured in the
I .I 1 19
. , , s r,, j made by Toledo Edison personnel during 144 of the 221 screen operations by placing a screen having the same mesh size as the traveling screens (b inch bar meth) in the slutteway through which the backwashed material passed. Fish collected in this tranner were placed in plastic bags. I f labeled with the date and tithe of screen operation, and frozen. The samples were picked up by personnel of The Ohio State University's Center for Lake Erie Area Research (CtEAR) weekly and carried to the laboratory where 411 specimens were identified (Trautnan,1957) and enumerated. The total number and the total weight of each species topinged was recorded.
All spectmens, or a representative nurcer thereof, were also weighed and measured individually. The representative nureer sellected was 50 individuals as this would assure an estimated standard Nviation of the " length and weight to within 20 percent of the true standard deviations , (Feder et al. 1976 . Further accuracy in the estte.. ton of mean weights : was deeW~un,necess)ary as the total number of each spectes impinged had been deterritned by actual counts. Greater accuracy in the estimation of mean weight is sometimes warranted if the total weight of an tropinged species is to be dividec by the mean weight per fish to estirsatt the number of fish in the samle. All of the above mentioned data were keypunched and stored on magnette tape at The Ohio State Universtty for use with the Stattstical Analysts System: SAS (Barr ~~et al., 1976) on an APCAHL 470 computer. , Since the time and duratton of every screen operation was known, it -
- was possible to determine the nuater of hours represented by each col.
Icction, e.g. If the screen had been in operatton at noon on 20 January, the collection made at noon on 22 January would represent all the f15h wttch had been impinged during the 48 hours between the two screen operations, From this, a concentr ation, fish tgtnged/ hour, was developed. The average of these concentrations was used to estimate
- impingement during hours when screen. washed fish were not collected.
Ent ra tnmeet For the purpose of this 316(b) demonstration at the Davis.Besse -- Nuclear Power Station, entratrvnent was monitored during the period of larvae occurrence in Lake Erie during 1978. Fish egg and larvae (ichthyoplankton) entratnment at the Osytt.Besse Nuclear power Station ties c(guted by nultiplying the tchthyoplankton concentration observed at the intake by the intake volume. Yhts method assumes that all ichthyoplankters Oblerved at the intake are entrained. Ichthyoplankton densttles were determined at appruimately 10 day intervals from four 3.alnute, oblique (bottom to surf ace) tows at 3 4 knots made at night on each date (Table 12) with a 0.75. meter diameter heavy. duty oceanographic plankton net (No. 00. 0.75 se mesh) eeutpped with a calibrated General Oceanics flo aneter. Obitque tows were selected as this is the technique required at intakes on Lake Erie by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish and Wtidiffe Service. Night sagling is also required by these agencies to ninlette net avoidance by larvae and to more accurately assess populations of species l L.
21 l
. ;* n gd ,
Albugh tha' station did not reach 75 percent of its capacity for power production untill Decenter 1977, and although it is tiot discussed within this report, it thould be noted the impingement monitoring started at the Davis.Besse Nuclear Po.er Station on 17 August 1977. 8ased on the results F
* [
of 45 collections, Reutter (1978a) estimated that tapingement from 17 August to 31 December 1977 was 1,936 fish of 15 species. Disrussion. With the exception of the blackstde darter ud the bluntnose minnow, all species impinged at the Davis.lesse Nuclear Power Station have been captured within the past ten years at tocust Point (See Table 9). However, both the blackside darter and bluntnote minnow have been . reported from the island area of take Erte and mos. of the tributaries, t I' including the Toussaint River and Turtle Creek near Locust Point (Trautasan 1957). 4 With the exception of goldfish and' black and white crapples the tapinged fish occurred in relattre nueers which were not unusual for populations in take [ rte at tocust Point. These three species occurred in relative proportions well above that of the open lake. This indicates prebeble use of the intake canal as a permanent residence for these species. Furthermore, due to the small sites of these f tth (they were _ young.of the. year) ens results free previous trevling efforts (Reutter ^ ~ and Herdendorf,1975), it appears that these species are also spawning within the intake canal and, consequently, these losses should not be considered as a negative tapact on the lake popuistions of these species.
)
Impingement losses at the Davis.8 esse Nuclear Power Station during 1978 were entremely low when compared to other power pluts (Reutter d al., 1978). Tables 6,16, and 17 present sport and coenercial f tsh landings Trom the Ohte waters of take Erte and commercial Indings from all of Lake trie. Although the fish tapin the year (men length, 74 and, en) consequently, ged at Davis muchlesse more were abundantprimartly than young.of. the adelts taken by conseercist and sport fishermen, the total nuster tapinged (including gttgard shed which are not taken by Sport fishermen) , was only 0.04 percent of the nuater harvested by 0410 sport f1shermen. Thic figure becomes even less lignificent when one reallies that the Ohio sport catch was only 83.4 percent of the Ohte 1978 commercial catch and only 15.9 percent of the 1978 commertial)tatch from all of take Erle. The above comparisons sake it obytous that tapingement lettes at the Davis.lesse Nuclear Power Station have an instgolficant effect on Lake , Erie fish stocks. Furthermore, it show1d be noted that although by nunter topingement losses were 0.04 percent of the Ohio Sport fishing harvest, by weight ingingement was less than 0.001 percent of the Ohio sport harvest. Furthermore, based on the estimates or Pattersen (1976) (See Page
- 23) the tapingement cf t,682 young cf the year yellow perch, a species which is very tapert&nt to sport and commercial fishermen, will result in the loss of only 2k75 adults which is from 0.0002 to 0.0007 percent of the nue er captured b r Ohio sport fishermen in 1978. -
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St l t f entrained larvae.teold have been produced by one female.' In actuality, the above estimates of the number of females required -to produce the entrained larvasiere quite low since they do not take mortality from eg9s If we assume 99 percent mortality from eggs to to larvae into account. [ [-g Irvae tede safe (90 percent is probably more reasonable) then the entratned larvae could have been aro*ced by 1,600 pterard shad, 300 N talleyes,e 100 perch. These va' ues are less than 0.1 percent of the number of - and walleye captured by Ohio sport flahermen in 1978 of W11ditfe,1979), Pertherwere, if one looks at the worst (Ohio Olvi case, the value for the upper M percent confidence itett and assumes 99 percent mortality from eggs to Irvae, the losses of perch and walleye j larvae are stt11 represented the spewn of less than 0.25 percent of the number harvested by Ohio sport fishermen. Another way to deterstne the tapact of entrat losses is to I of adults the entrained Iervae would have p ed had estimate the tality they lived. This hnique requires some knowledge of the between tarval s and between year classes. Patterson ( 6) has developed tech est for yellow perch, and, since it is in he some s will also be used here for walleye. Several f amily, the est assumpt ens are invvived.
!. All entrained larvae erg killed. ,
L 41
!!. All Irvat lost by sotrainment are in their late 1 te stepe. This ptvivf f44 a conservative er high est because it does pt acewnt for early larval mortal ty which nlr rage frca 2314 percent (Pattersen,1976).
i!!, Miled perch tHeems vulnerable to commercial capture, and rew:h bust savetty at@pe class !!!. l3 , IV, A onc percent survival rate from late 1ervae to ass"!!! a<s is assumed. Again, this is conservattre since survive rates fremt 9 /
\ Inte larvae to young ef.the year a 4 to 17 percent: i yevng.ef the year to age cIsst I e it to 33 percent ese class I to age class 11
- M percents (Patterson, ape class !! to age class til e M percent tvT6, and letto, g A1., (1978).
This trend trans16tes to a survivorship rangh fres 0.1 percent te one percent over the perted from thet late larval stage to age class 111, lased on the above a tions, the 116 ?M entrained wolleye larvae could have produced 917 167 age class !!! adults and the 35,259 entrained yellow perch larves could have produced 35 to 383 ese class !!! adults. It should be noted, that thf a prejotted loss of age class 11I walleyes was between 0.066 and 0.55 percent of the Ohio sport harvest in Iv78 , and, therefore, insignificant by causarison.
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Il 7 N' u n a c5 i ! LITERATURE ' CITED Bailey, R.M., J.E. Fitch, E.5. Herald E.A. Lachner C.C. Lindsey. R.C. flobins, and'W.B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names [~ l of fishes from the United States and Canada. Third ed. Acer. Fish. L Soc. Spec. Pub. No. 6. 150 pp. BIWardf , a 1958 The speed of swtweing fish as related to size and
& b e quency.re of the tall beat. J.Exp.8101.,35(1):10933.
t-04trhr% k. IMO. Speed and stamina in thret ftsh. J. Exp. Biol. Yh 1bl53. ' t r I g g ? Btran M.O., and J.M. Reutter. 1979. Fish population' studies from Lake j 4% ew the Davis Sesse Nuclear Power station during 1978. The We $ta';e IJnty., Columbus. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No.105. 30 pp. Han. J., J.hi Goodnight, J.P. 5:11, and J.T. Helwig. 1976. A user's pufAt to 5A5 76. 5A5 Institute, Inc., Raleigh, N.C. 379 pp. f/4 T1, IA.1, 1973. Fishertes handbook of engineering requirements and. f titlogical criteria. Fishertes.(ngineering Research Program, Corps of trt neers, i North P6ctf tc Olv., Portland, Oregon. - - 814 Per, J.H.5. and W. Olckson. 1959. Observations on the swinning 4peedl of', fish. J. Cons, pera, int. [aplor. Mer. 24(3):4727. J.H.5. i 1969. $ winning speeds of fishes. F.A.D. Fish Rep. e B1 tttet.l)169 6ti 1M,. , Brete O.C. , P.I. Tack , and C.R. Liston. 1975. Age, growth and fetudityle4' yellow perch. P r flavancent, in Lake Michigan, near a Ludtagton.1Michtpan. Proc. . Ish. loc. 104:117.4 D ra't t , J .R . , M. Ho116nds, and 0.F. Alderict. 1958. The ffect of toweratur M crutsing speed of young Sockeys and Coho Sa(lmon. F. Fish. Res.$ Bd. Can.15:587 605. Britt, Lt.W. 1968 New methods of collectt bottom f auna from thoals or rubble bottsas of lakes and strewes. cology M(3)tl24 525. Ctnnono T.C. 5.M. Jinks, L.R. King, and 0.J. Lower. 1977. Survival of entrained tchthyopinnkton and encrotnvertebratet at Hudson River power plants. (Abstract). Forth National Workshop on entrainment tnd tapingement. teological Analysts, Inc. . Carlender, K.D. 1953. Handbook of frestwater fishery biology with the eftrit supplement, tae. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, Iowa. 4t9 pp. Edsal). T.A. and T.Q. Yokom. 1972. Review of recent technical Information concerning the adverse effects of once through cooling on Lake Michigan. U.S. Fish and W11ditfe Service, paper prepared for Lake Mtchtg6n Enforcement Conference.
<l
\ lg y
.tr.
.. g I ,
Herdendorf, C.tg and C.L. Cooper. 1975. Environmental impact assessment of comeref a1 sand and gravel dred ng in Namee River and Haumee Bay The Ohto State U versity, Coimbus, Ohio. CLEAR f of Lake trie. E Tech. kept, No. 41, 380 pp. , i 1977a. Herdendorf, C.E C.L. Looper H.R. Heniken nnd F.L. Snyder. Western te hte Itriefishlarvaestudy 1975 preitsinary data report. No. 47 The Ohio 51 University, Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept.
,(revised). 75 pp.
Ig??b. Herdendorf, C.E.k C.L. Cooper, M.R. Heniken, and F.L. Snyder. 1916 Preltninary Data Report. Western L6ke trte Fish L6rvat $tudy: ' The Ohio 5 tate Univ., Coimbus, Ohio. CLEAR Uch. Rept. No. 63. { Herdendorf C.E. ed [.H. Hatr. 1972. Aquatic biology of Lake [ rte in the vIctng CL of Rept. Tech. Locust Point No. f 3. 30 pp. Ohio. The Ohio State Univ., Colun6us, Ogto. Hocutt, C.H. 1973. Swisning perfornece of three warm water fishes Chesapeake Science. exposed to a rapid temperature change. 14(1)t11 16.' . of 6e of walleye and Houdt, [.0. 1969. Sustained swinning abillt l yellow perch. Fish. Res. Seard Cu. 26:1647 1999. King,L.R. 1969, Swlmint speed of the channel catf1sh, white crapple, and other vers water fishes from Conowinto Reservoir, Susquehanna River,PA. M.S. Thellt, Cornell University. 83 pp. 1 197/, lapingement survival King, L.R., J.B. Hutchtson Jr., T. Huggins. studies for ubite perch, striped bass and Atl Hudson River Power Plants. (Abstract). Fourth Mattonal Workshop on [ntratnaer.t 464 lapingement. Ecological Analysts, Inc. Kothat,t. 19d of the solmin speed of some 6nadromous fishes i
. Stu Ichthyologic41 foond belt i Conow nts Dam. Susovekanna River, m. 4 Assoc., Pf poss Rept.
6911. Kre ttmann, H. 3 33. Les tierrages et al circulation des poissons. Soc. Centf. d' Agriculture et de Peche. 40(46). Ichthyology. John Lagler. K.F., J.t. tard6th, and R.R. Mtiter. 194t. Wiley and , Inc., New York. 545 pp. 1968. Effects of temperature accitaatton Lartmore. W. ed M.J. Duever. on the swimming ability of 5sall*outh Bass Fry. Trans. American Fish. Soc. 97:l'15184. 1972. Survey of large v61ume water intake Morgan, P.V. u d R.E. Moore.systes velocities and fish sutming speeds , in the Great (6kes. C M. Rice Otv., NUS Corp., Pitttburgh, PA. 27 pp. i k
b dI a 2g. a . ,$ ** ",
- 6
, p k
Reuti tr.f.M.,C.E.Herdendorf,andG.W.Sture. i J 1978. Impingement and l nntrainment studies at the Acme Power Station. Toledo Edison Company r T 118Lb) program, Task !!. The Ohio State University, Colmbus, Ohio. ' 1 EAR Tech. Rept. No. 78a. 161 pp. i_ $akovics, 5. and 5. Zarntekt. 1954. Pool pallest biological aspects in their construction. PolishAgriculturalAnnual;'9(0)t5171. V.F. 1968. Schuler fis h'of the Conowingo Reservoir. Progress Ichthyological reportProgrist Assoc., of svts speed study conducted on Rept. Scott, W.I. and t.J. Crossaan. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fish. t i Res. Board Can. Sull. 164 966 pp. Tathee, T.R., D.L. Thomas, And G.J. Miller. 1977. Survival of fishes and sacrotnvertebrates lupinged at the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Forked River, New Jersey. Entrainment and laptnpement, (Abstr6ct) teologica l Analysts, Inc. Fourth Nations) Workshop on Trautaan. M.S. 1957. The Fishes of Ohio. The (hto 5 tate Univ. Press, , Columbus, Chlo. 683 pp. { _ U.$i Atomic Energy Camelssion. 1913. Final anyt'ronmental statement rotated to construction of Darts.6este nuclear poner station. U.S.N.R.C. Otrectorate of tteensing, Wash., D.C. Docket No. 60.H6.
'210 pp.
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comat$ston. 1915. Final on,tronmental ststement related to operetton of Devis.6 esse Nuclear power statton unit 1. U.S.N.R.C. , Wash., D.C. Docket No. 50.M4. 1H pp. Wales, J.H. 19M. Salasing toeed of the western sucker Catoitcunus escidentails Ayres. Calif. Fish Gene, M(4):433 4, Weaver, C.R. 1H3. Influence of we.t: velocity upon orientation and t 8u11. Fish Wild). performance of976dult Serv.U.S.63(1): 121. at ratory 16imontes. Fisher,y\ t t 4 j ;
,'. 4
\ t I
h
.. s . . . - .. .. .
g,y. l Q g l , ..s 1 ,
~
. .. M
- q 0 1 0 '
t TJ4LE 1 CALCULATED INTM.E CRI6 VELOCITIES FOR UNIT.1 i T~ f0R VARIOUS PUMP! H RATE 5 .
. . . j p .
Pumping Rate InGheVolkty- .i
@M r. ). ,.
(gps) (med) j 3 O ! 0 O.00 , 0.03 5,000 7.2 l 0.06 { 10.000' ~ 14.47 15,000 ,.21.6 . 0.09j 20,000 : 10.8 0 ; II.000! :l- M.0 h.12
.15 "
M.000f 43.t {#.18 35.0$0 . 60.4 '0.t1 I
*'57.6 0.24 40.000 45,000 !- gH.8
+ 4.t? [
J72.0 .. 0.M ,.~ 50.000 ~~ 65,000 ,$ 70.t- 0.33 1, 60,000 b 0.M 0.N i 465,000 U.93.4 4
. M .4 _
70,000 h00.8 0.42 75,000 b 1M.0 0.45 00,000 '* 115.t 0.44 85,000 0.51 [ 112.4 < M,000 dit0.6 f20.64
,' aaa "' - ' -
100.000 r '144.0 g 0.60 % ){ u . l V
- t. v .
1
ba gn ,
. ! r) If' 4 $$
I TABLE 3 SWIW ING $ PEE 05 0F F15H FOUND IN LAKE [RIE 1 i - . p y
>. W D94 hG 5 PIED Burst Speed -
$1' E 3ustauned Ioetd
$PICits (en) -cm/sw EL/sec cm/sec 7Diii DATA $0VitCE . Alewife 7! 18.6 f.6 . . Kothes (1970? 7.1 . . sothas L1970 Alev'fe - ' T. 66.1
. . . 13.8 8e11 (1973) J Al w.ve g Bluegill I.'l 15.7 4.0 .
King King LIM(1M93) 9 t I BluegillA 4.5 14.3 3.2 ,
. . . 12.6 tatnbridge (1958)
Carp .
. . - M.6 - Krettmann (1913)
Carp
. . . 4.2 Hocutt(1973). s Channel catfish .
King fl969) N Channel catfish 3.0 27.5 9.! . .
. KingL1969) s Channel catfish 10.0 H.3 3.8 -
fry 30.0 . . . Brett et. al.. . Cohe saloon (1964) . M.0 ! 216.0 6.0 . . Weever(1963 Coho salmon . Weaver h1963 Coho stimon 61.0 549.0 9.0 . i ij e - 6.4 . . Fry and Hart Goldftsh (1H4) j . 200 9.4 totabrldte (1954) Goldfish 21.3 . 81anter and I . . . 10.0 Goldfish i Dickson(1959)
. . Sakowict and l Lamprey . .
199.0 l Zarenkt (1954)
. . . 8.1 Necutt (1973)
Largemouth best' . Morgan and Largenouth bass 27.0 65 f.4 . . Moore (1972)
. 48.7 . Sakoviet and Northern pike . .
Zarneck)(1954)
. . 10.0 tray (1953)
Northern pike . . 2.4 11.7 9.0 . p Kint (1H9) Qut11back Pumpkinseed 7.5 17.0 2.3' . . Kin 9 (1H9) l
o j q . c . . I E2 G
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!I Il l'l'Ijli .IIIsIIIK11II II
[L ! !I' 'Ie l $ 110Iiitinl'lliIlll i i . f i H .. . iii E Hi!!a illil l I f ! k[ ,. Ciih11Iihljihilbilli i} l)l l1 lll1dllllll!!l]l! 6 9~~~
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Fl&H FICUNDITY AND HABITAT l.!TCP.ATURE Reference . No.__in Table' 5 p y
- 1) Adamei C.C. and T. L. Har*ltsson. 1920 The ecology and ecoremics of onelde Lake Nah. Roosevelt Wild. hv1 1(3t 4,):241-358
- 2) Allison, D and J.Gellant. 1971. Spawning charectacletica of certain 9ame and panfishes in Ohio. ODNR, Olv. of Wildlife, Flah M9 nt . Sec.l 7 p. .
. !
- 8
- 3) Barnickol, P.O. and W.C. Starrett. 1961. Commercial and sport
. J Mahery of the Mlselselppi River between Carutherville, Mtseourt, *l and DM lowe. Bull. lit. Net. Hist. Surv. 05(5):267-.380
- 4) Bennett, O.W. 1971. Management of lakes and porvja. Van Nostrand Retiteld 0e{, Cincinnnit, Ohio. 878 p.
- 5) Black, V.S. 198 t'
Oemotte regulations in teleost Mehee. Flah. Res.p .ab. 71:00-40. Pub. Ont. I V - e) Bodula, A. 1964 Life history of the Glamard ated, Dorosoma cepediarmsn (Le Sew) in western Lake t*cle. Finhorise Bull. 65(2):391-4ko. I A ;
- 7) Butler, R.L. and L.L. Smith, Je. 1940 The age. and rate of 9eowth of the sheephead, #todinehas grunntens Raftnsegue in the LJpper 8 Mlastestppi River nagtvetten pools. Trene. Anoe. Floh. Soc.
- 79:43-64 .
J e) Calhoun,' A. 1986, inland Maherles management. Omittbenta Dept. of
@ and Game. See p.
- 9) Carlandee, M.D. 19et. Growth rete studios of eauppre, _Stitostedlen canedense canaderse (Smith) and yellow perch, Porca navescene ,
(Mitchell) from Lake of the Woods, Minn. Trene. Aner. Flah. Soc. 79:DCH8
- 10) Carlander, K.D. 1963 Handtmok of freshweter Mahory biolo0y with the Meet sieptement. h. C. I'trewn Co., Dubuque, lows. 429 p.
- 11) Cartander, M.D.p and. G. Sprugel. 1960. Project 44, tuttwed manage-mant Quart. Rept. Iowa Coop. Wildt. Flah. Res. t.htts 15(4):44-48.
I
- 12) Clad, O.P. 1988 Northern pt , three_ tueelun Linnaeus. Data for Handbodk 5 to9tcal Data. to p. -
i , .
~
i
, GG
.*:. f g ..
i
. - c. n ,i 39 I 4 '
'fM 5 KP5. -,
- 26) HLtdebrard, S.F. 1963 Family Clupeldas. , Pnges 257-454 3 Fishes ,.
of the west North Atlantic. Mem. Sears ,Fourd. Mar. Res. , 1(3h 633 p.
- b y.
- 27) Hulsh,) M , T. 195f. k I N rlda.. Trane.Ltfe bletory of the black crapple of Lake George, Amer. Floh. Soc, 83:17,6-194 4
- 28) Indian"dawil of Agricultural Research.1961. b 'rurst plact-cultural scheme. Progrese Rept. p. Press, Madras.. 75 p.
- 29) Katz, M. 1954.} Reproduction of fish. .
Data ibe Handbook of Biological t p Data. 22 p. 6 , t. .
- 30) I Laglee, K.F. 19N. Notes on the spaM habits of Atlantic amelt. Copela 1953(3):141-142
- 31) Lag , K.F. 11xp9 Ohlo floh managemert progress report. Ohlo Conserv. Bull. S(1):16-19 '
- 32) La9ter, K .F. 1984 D4ue, h, Freshwater.flehery blology. Wn. C. Brown Co. ,
421 p. '
- 33) Langlote, T.H. 1945 Ohle's fleh program., Chlo Div. Q:e. , Dept.
Nat. Roo. 40 p. , ,,
- 34) Montel, R.W. 1948 The cattleh flohery of Virgin (4 Trans. k nee.
Flah. Soc. 794564-472 , ,,,
- 35) Moen, T.E. 1900 Notse on the 9eowth of bulM. ?lnd, state Conserv. Comm. Quart. Biol. Rept.11(3)t49 41.
- 36) Ohio Dept. of Naturel Resources, Divleton of Widlife. Personal ,
Communicetten-Carl Baker.
- 37) Oregon State Game Comm. 1968 Annual Report, Flahory Divteton
~
.1951. 283 p. f .
- 38) Prebet, R.T. and E.L. Coopee. 1964 Age, grow 4h and prxxurtion 4
of the Region 1swa sturgeon [Acipenser fulvoscene) In the Lake Winnetego Wisconsin. } Trans. Amer. Flah. See. D4:907-027
- 39) Rawson, D. S . 1904
\
The life history and occiogy of the yellow welleye Stiroettolon_. vitcoum la Lac La Ronge,13aeleatchewen.
~
Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 06:16 47. I i f
.{
f (
TAstt G
-. . 8 a, . - -- ESTIMIED 1978. SPOET AM CWhtCIAt. FISH MRTEST FR0ff THE OHIO WATERS OF LAKE ERIE r_ -t 4 SPORT MARTE37 I CDFWERCIAL MFJtVEST TOTAL EARVEST . .
SPECIES i Be. &f hef$t Be. of Melght No. of ( Weight ' I ,
, . ,Individuels (Esp _ ), ladfvfdsels (Ellegress) Individuals (Kilograms) *^
3 Tellow Perth 11.483,088 1,~116,3N 9,17E,00@ 890.294 20,M1,000
- 006,680 1 Ma11 eye t,652,000 1,515,908 0, 0 1.652.000 1,515.906 i.
Ukite Bass l', 1,533,800 334,825 3,300,00Sb 736,842 4.913,000. a,071.667 O i Freshueter Drue M e,see 363,200 981,00 @ 533,904 1,649,000 897,104 ; C .g ! Chsanal Catfish 218,000 86,833 235,00@ 92,843 178,87g' r j l .. - A. E3~ 8BS>..- See11 mouth Bess 32,000 20,203 0 0 32.000 20,203 ! L
. ~ . .. m -,.
J - cj c 1,867,9838 3,867.983' I
,, 5,.
] j TUTAI. '15,588,000' 3.435,553' 4.121,864 7,648,419 w:2 + -
g i i [
,8l**
l m : ~..seano . _ j_
',;.'
- INils Rfelsfel of Irfid15fa (1979).
~~
b
,~ ._
Tsifeetad belied'on moon meIght af sport fish. _.
~~
r
- Sets not available. 4 l d
l Thfrty-efght percest'terp. ! L
- Excludes wef$t of "Others" caoght by sport flshermen. -
Closed to commercia1*ffsking.
-- ; t w ;
. .-. - ** w .
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?
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.; [
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=
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, .1. , x : x .
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- hl i..x x x 3
)! jtj .
pxxx . x I fill ' xx gx x x x x x x .
)-
g go l n ixn lji glp4 xxxxx{ xx x x
- x. x 1 x j i 7 ;
;k $!
- p. a x y
x'
-E 4 I j xxx ,
Is .p p,jg[xx e ig:.xxx x mxx - i ' lill' * .x x x= 11 " t xx xx > . xx 'k',I . l I jlj ljll,'x l y xx x x
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),
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, l - U U TIAL 9 (CON'T) s /
j 2 , SPEClf.5 FOMO IN THE t.0CUST PotNT AREA 1963 - 1978 i cr Scientific kame l Cosmos name .
- l. 0 - -$ $. $ e- . $$ ,
.s .
,d 1 taluridae blackbulthM oT .o
- t #ctalurth gjlp, yellow bullht$d
- e o
- 11 . natal 8 br9WR bellhead
'I
- e o e * *
- 7 nebulotVt channel catftSh
- e o e e e *
- ponctatyt ,
stonecat
! t @turus flavus
- I tsesteldee longnose gar
$ * * '* Lepitosteel 31Livi Osmeridee ratabow smelte o o e * * *
- Csmervt e
\ .
Percidae . johnny darter . 3 ttheostoneglirs e o e
*
- fey newescens 110w
{69Pegrch _ \, s o o e * *
- Grc na coeredes
* * *
- Jttrostoa en canadente $4 m r wel' eye o e o e *
- e , 4 h h , trove
, S i tretchthyldes j' llpr9a, thrrseM white bass e p o e * *
- A; ftrcopsIdae treet. perch o e * * *
- Pertensts_enticonertvs i
fetrosyrentidet sea lamprar i
- I Ptir9aurton marinyt t
- salmen1dee teho salmon
{
- Oncorhynchen L!t!dih
. i heeldae freshwater drus o e * * * *
- Asiodinotus eru m tens O R M R 22 N .
t A' Italley at al. (1970) 25trnesandReutter(194 , te
SR ,
.,f';
l ' I TABLE 11 '
' TATION l
TRAVELJNG f, FROM 1SCREEN JANUARY TOOPERAT!ON 31 DECEMBER 1978 AT TE DAY 15 8h5E FISH HOURS SINCE j r TIE OF SCREEN OPERATION --OPERATION COLLECTION 1.A5T I SCREEN r DATE ff ON OFF YES/MO Y 46.41 22.09 22.41 47.59 Y 2 Jana ry 1978 21.30 22.00 N 19.05 4 16.15 17.05 l Y 24.12 5 16.39 17.17 Y 47.20
- 16.37 6 16.01 N 96.73 -
8 16.45 17.15 .i ,i MI 49.15 a 18.30 j 146.15 7 12
- 17.50 I Y 14 20.15 20.45 Y 45.55
- I 20 17.30 18.00 k T 48.24
' 18.24 22
- 17.00 19.30 6 97.06 49.70 24
- 16.00 21.00 Yt 48.15 28
- 20.30 N 30 20.45 21.15 Y 48.10 1 February 1978 21.25 43.91 7 20.5'1 Y 3
ff 16.45 17.16 Yl 48.84 3 I , 5 17.30 18.00 $1.30 s ;
!).00 21.30 i/ Y 44.65 7
* : 18.15 ;! Y
$0.25 9 *- <
17.40 Y 11 20.00 20.40 92.90
't 13 17.00 17.30 l 48.15
- Y 17.12 17.45 l $1.75 17 Ny 39i ')l "M !
20.30 ft.20 17.20 N 20.00
'rf .30 21l
- 14.40 N 82 19.55 20.50 <
N 48.90
*r 21.40 46.00 23 20.57 25 S' 18.10 19.40 Y
N 52.00 27 W 23.00 23.40 AI N 17.70 1 March 1978 16.30 17.103'I Y 25.25 2 18.00 18.35 Y 50.65
- 21.00 3 20.M N 25.00 5
21.30 !!.00 Y 22.50 6 20.15 20.50 Y 71.60
' 20.10 7 19.40 Y 23.35 10
- 19.10 19.45 N !!.05 11 j 17.20 17.50 N 24.50 12 17.30 18.00 Y 48.22 13 f 17.50 18.!!
19.10 Y 48.98 49.92 15 17 e '*
' 18.50 20.40 21.12 Y
47.16
- N 19 l
19.58 20.28 48.98 21
20.50 21.26 Y
Y 49.84
- 13.10 83 22.40 N 19.20 25 18.00 18.30 N 26.75 20.00 21.05 48.51 g 26 J - Y ,
27 21.19 c 21.56
- l 29 D
6 f fi$h l bp I .-51. .
.. , ; .)
I TABLE' 11(Con' t .) STAT 1'ON TRAVEL 1kG SCREEilkPERATION AT THE DAVI5-BESSE N j {FROM1JANUARYTO31DECDeER1978 7 F15H HOUR $ SINCE r TIME 0F SCREEN OPERATION ~
- - COLLECTION 1.AST SCREEN OPERATION l' 04TE IS OFF YES/NO
_ h ON N 2$00 f 17.30 I! 17.00 17.05 Y 2L75 44.19 ] 12 June *1978 16.35 Y 13 'g 3 12.52 13.24 N 29.86 .g 15 18,40 / 19.10 Y 19.00 g. (
* 'L 14.10 81.15 .$ '
16 13.39 N 17 lA 18.45 19.25 N 21.30 ' 16.55 23.82
'. t 19 ' /, 16.25 Y 20
'
- 16.07* 16.37 '
46.18 , Y 21
#' i 14.25 14.55 49.95 Y
23 I 16.10 10.50 52.65 ND 25 I 20.30 21.15 N 20.35
- l 17.80 27 I 17.25 22.70 28 15.60 16.20 Y
N 24.10 'j 29
* ! 16.30 50.00 f3 l Y -
30
" 16.00 18.00 I 18.30 Y 47.15 g .
2 July *1978 17.15 17.48 47.10 ,, 4 ' 16.20 16.88 I Y 45.95 ,'
. f
- 14.50 Y
- 6 ! ,
i 14.20 . N 28.00 .. 18.80 24.70 18.20 p' , l89 * ' 19.20 Y 18,40 l Y 25.96 10 20.45 . 21.16 N 48.29 g
- 11. ?
- 21.15 . 21.45 Y 21.70 g.
33 18.45 19.15 N 21.40 ,
- 16.85 i 14 16.25 Y 24.45 15 16.30 17.00 Y 26.60 16 19.20 19.50 Y 73.00 .
17 20.15 20.50 Y 47.05 20 19.25 19.66 ' Y 45.75 22 17;00 17 .30 27.90 fY 24 20.48 21.20 Y 23.25 25 20ill 20.46 N 20.80 26 16;ll 17.2% Y 25.75 . . 27 18.25 19.00 Y ,46.46 ,* 28 17.16 17.44 Y -47.84 , 30 17.00 17.30 16.80 N a23.20 1 Awfutt 24.55
- 1978 15.20 ;I 17.06 Y
2 18.35 N 26.25
- 19.30 3 ,, 19.00 Y N24.07 4
19.02 19.37 45.78 Y 5 16.45 17.15 $0.85
- Y 7 19.30 20.00 ,Y 44.50 9
16.20 15.50 M 48.68 11 16.43 17.18 N 29.12
- 22.30 13 22.00 N 71.00 14 20.20 ,21.30 ,
17
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',. TA8Lt 11 (Con't.)
T TRAVELING FlW ,M 1 SCREEi JANUARY TO GPtRATION31 DECEMBERAT - - r- THt DAV!$-BESSE NUCLEA 1,978 T- 7 FISH ICURS $1NCE -
~;
TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION - Cou.ECTren tAsT ScattM ' itatt i Yes/NO ,'.OrtRATIOu ON Orr Y 45.72 ' ~ 18.45 19.17 Y 50.01 ',4~" - 1 November 1978 21.18 ' R
- 20.45 s' Y 47.22 k 3 20.08 20.40 N* 20.15 5 16.25 16.55 Y3 24.57 ,"
6 17.12 23.98 . . 7 16.48 16.40 - 17.10 N-- Y~ 24 10 '4 "
" l !' t [ y 8
17.20 4
- 16.50 Y' 49.35 9
- 18.25 18.65 N -' 22.80 11
- 17.06 17 .35 18.3$
- Y- 21.00 7
~4 12
- 18.15 N " 22.65 "
13 " 16.26 17.00 Y 26.00 14 * ' 18.30 19.00 N 49.57 15
- 20.05 20,57 - N- 71.73 74 17 -
- 19.46 t 20.30 N !-' 24.90 21.20 :
20 -
- J 20.50 l Y -M 43.25 '
21 " I 16.16 16.45 W^ 27.63 - 23 - . 4 19.00 i 20.08 - 24.!!
- r ' 20.30 ' ' '? ',
24 '* ~
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20.03 '3' YMY-'- 48.70 - 25 20.30 21.00 ' Y ' ' 47.45
- l 27
'- D 20.15 20.45 Y 47.00 ~
f 29 1* , 19.45 Y~ '48.67 19.18
@d 1 December
- 1M -
16.78 -
- 17.08 '
N* 48.26 3 i 16.00 17.H '- Y* 24.91 5 g { 17.55 18.tl ,# Ih 72.00 6 17.ll 18.28 F 9
- 19.44 20.23
- N N
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. d '
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tg
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f 1
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TA8tE 13 ID mff0PLNBETON AT THE ;n, j Ties - 1978 .. . DAVI5-SESSE NUCLEMt 70tER ., 3C member of Larvae Entrained ~ d volume of Larvar/100m Pertad Darts 9 955 Confidence Intervel n N Conftduece Interval , , _ Lower Limit' Upper Liatt
~l Y'" g Lower Ltutt Opper Lturit items g ,,g e- y' IEram
g 26,965 6,542 0 0.32 -0.99 1.32 21 June - 12 July 20,443 344,935 0 1.256,663 Cars, 4.68 -7.70 17.05 73,704 99,902 0 457.062 Emerald Sklaer 21 June - 17 Aufsst -5.15 9.15 49,961 2.00 0 13,098f14, 16 leay - 12 Joly 143.00 4,796.071 Freshorter 9nse 91,598 52.36 -38.38 272,477y 30 fesy - 17 Asyist 94,954 0 Gizzard Lined . -0.80 2.64 103,211 0.92 0 36,639 1518ey - 17 As9sst 0.40 16,488 Rainbow Smelt 0.18 -0.04 11,444,915 30 peur - 17,Ampest 91.598 916,739 0 Spotta11 Shteer 41.50 -436.15 519.35 22.057 0 91,233 6 May - 30 May % ,4.14 35,259 Walleye 1.60 -0.94 6 Ray - 30 leur 22.037 . Ye11oe Perch 5,310,890 0 185,228 101AL LAftVAE 10.G? 44,2f8 a m _- 13,449 f.4F* -5 Jl4, . ' , EGGS $ $~ 21 June m
- r <- ,
.<gr '
T - See discussism se pept 1. for the specified period.
- Estimated from Table 1.
b Estimated by multiplyfag daily discharge rate by 1.3 and adding all daily estiaates
- Average concentratiom deriog their peried of ocw .Ec.e.
d Values which would have been less than zero were rounded back to zero. 6
- - - ... m
=*
9
' *
- r ut
- - _ - I
.~~~ --
A SWMulY OF ISK11R.Y FISH DFIBCDENT1 Je:taary through 31 December 1978' AT THE DAVIS-8s.ESSE fiUCLEAR PttfER STATIONS:
~ ' ~ M . ._ ... .....
*:, .. -: -~
LENGTH (um) [ ifE!EN7(9 rams) 951 Confidence -1 INSEER 1sttaEED s FAL Ceaffdence Interval _.
^*
.u som Cemfldmece
'g' ^*hrtersel- - ~~ I. Interval hpe MONTMS tenery _o-tower Sound Bound u 7 teen Estieste Bound. -
- a 102 106 14 104 13 12 72 79 g 31 66 76 46 ,
5 6 73 '
?
Jamsary 9 31 72 70 _ . 4 February 17 25 4 4 78 79 &w
' 7 6 79 4.
13 5 5 79
+
March 3,833 79 78
'2,875 2.157 4 5 98 April 874 5 J 86 479 17 92 648 7 Ray 69 12 ? 79 77 81 45 29 ,9 9 9 90 110 June 5 11 100 9 7 9 14. .. - 87,. %,
8 12 80
,_ July - 4 '2 -
9 12 - - 83 64 August 32 11 55 12 11 59 19 9 634 2 September 43 10 41 25 a 34
~*~ "3 C3% ;
62 69 Oc h ,. _ 576 314 '1,056 3 3 % ~8 6 m w 67 A# 3 75
~
A.dr . 2.3M 1 1,594 I 3.406 74 74 5 5 December 8,015 5 ~~I 5,447 6.607 -
.n TUTAL
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5 lbj Y ~ $k? f, n, a s , s , , ntz . TABLE 17 { *4 D ; i
;' C009tERCIAL FISH LARDINGS FROM LAKE ERIEst,
; g-j I jl 1M S . 1978a f7 >'t g a ltn ) >
'el)p c L,
= WE!GHT (tilegrams) 4 l< , MEANP srtc) ts 1976 197{ g1978 h 1 1975
* ' 15.000 ht000 113.500 ff
- iwffn ( 25.000 33.000 i i
43.000 34.000 affalo 4 30.000 66.000; 64,000 77.000 54.000 b 411 head h9.000 1.4M.000 171.000 1.311.t$0 =-~ 1.491.000 1.444.000 165,000 trp 144.000 140.000 nannel Catft 197.000 g165,000 592,000 5M 750 f = GM.000 138.000 419.000 e reshwater 0 h7.000 309.600 1,000 M1.000 229.000 1::ard shad M4.000 170.250 if' - _ ~ . 41.000 260.000 41dfIsh 26.000 t.500
*
- 3.000 t.000 '
ske Wh1tefIsh 47.000 83.000 58.000 47.000 60.000 9.0$8.790 l N111 beck 11.00t.000 --- W nbow Smelt ThM.000 7.846.000 9.700.000 19.000 10.000 14.500j, ]l tock less , 31.000 33.000 41.006 12.000 48.000 sucker ' 13.000 ts 000
. ^ ' 33.000 Sunfish tH.000 202.000 IN.000 2615000 _
Walleye" , 114.000 1.400.000 1.161,W 944 W0 1.190.000 Whitelys ls.932.000 4.M4.7801 4.001.000 4.918.000 4.597.000 f.903.000 811.000,l Yellow Perch 794.000 927.00 833.000 9ft 000 , 0thers 11 000 18.649.000 18.674.000 19.513.000 TOTAL 17.722.000 41 ! 4 "
- Personal, teamentcettoa. tY. Devl4 Wolfert. USNS Sandvsky Ohio.
" Not taken cosmertf ally in Ohte and Mlchtgen i.eters.
' 19cluded 4th "Others' durtet this year.
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