ML21035A211
| ML21035A211 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Turkey Point  |
| Issue date: | 01/21/2021 |
| From: | NRC/OCIO |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML21035A187 | List:
|
| References | |
| NRC-2020-000123 | |
| Download: ML21035A211 (26) | |
Text
Turkey Point Plant Annual Monitoring Report A
September 2017 Prepared for: Prepared by:
ecology and environment, inc.
Global Environmental Specialists 1009496.0001.06.02
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2 Water and Salt Balance Model Tetra Tech, Inc., developed a model of the water and salt balance for the CCS. The purpose of this model was to quantify the volume of water and mass of salt entering and exiting the CCS over a 24-month period. Details of this Excel-based model, the underlying conceptualization of the relationship between the CCS and the surrounding environmental systems, key calculations, and results were provided in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Monitoring Report (FPL 2012a).
That version of the model simulated water and salt flow to and from the CCS for the period between September 2010 and June 2012. In the Comprehensive Post-Uprate Monitoring Report, refinements to the model were made and water and salt flows to and from the CCS were simulated for the period between September 2010 and May 2015. In this report, the modeled period encompasses the reporting period (24-month period) from June 2015 through May 2017; while the reporting period is June 2016 through May 2017, the associated monitoring data were employed to append the reporting period to the existing balance model. This approach is followed because many of the parameters adjusted during calibration reflect changed CCS conditions that occurred during or just prior to the reporting period. The 24-month timeframe reflects influences associated with partial canal sediment removal, salinity reduction actions due to the addition of marine groundwater and L-31E canal water during the spring through late summer 2015, and decommissioning of Unit 1, the addition of low salinity UFA groundwater, and the extended extraction and disposal of hypersaline groundwater from beneath the CCS beginning in the fall of 2016.
The conceptual model and associated calculations were predominantly unchanged since the previous time they were presented (i.e., in the 2012 Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Monitoring Report) (FPL 2012a). As such, only a brief summary of the model is provided below. Model results and corresponding conclusions regarding the operation of the CCS are based on the current calibrated water and salt balance model and are provided herein. The Excel spreadsheet that comprises the model is provided in a separate data file.
5.2.1 Model Summary As Figure 5.2-1 depicts, the water balance for the control volume (CCS) is comprised of groundwater seepage (lateral through the sides and vertical through the bottom), blowdown (additional water pumped from other units to the CCS), water added for CCS salinity management (pumped from L-31E and/or groundwater), precipitation (including runoff from earth berms between canals), and evaporation. Aside from evaporation and precipitation, these are the same mechanisms by which salt flows into and out of the CCS. The means by which water and/or salt is transferred (e.g., seepage, evaporation) are calculated using various equations provided in the 2012 Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Monitoring Report (FPL 2012a). For this report, calculations were performed for a 24-month period from June 2015 through May 2017.
Average flows of water and salt into and out of the control volume were calculated for each day of this period using hydrologic, water quality, and meteorological data measured within, beneath, and adjacent to the CCS. The average daily flows were summed to estimate the amount of water and salt that enters or exits the control volume (i.e., the CCS) during each month and the entire 5-5
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 24-month period. These calculations demonstrate and validate the conceptual model of the CCS and, in so doing, illustrate the hydrologic mechanisms by which the CCS functions.
Calculated water flows are reported in 106 gallons per day (mgd). The mass flux into or out of the control volume is calculated by multiplying the volumetric flow by the salinity of the body of water from which the water is flowing. Salinity was monitored at all groundwater and surface water stations employed in the ensuing calculations and was reported in the PSS-78 scale, which is equivalent to grams per liter (g/L). Calculated mass fluxes are reported in thousands of pounds per day (lb x 1,000/day).
The gain/loss of water and salt mass within the control volume during some period of time results in a change in the control volumes water and salt mass storage. Increased water storage, for instance, occurs when more water enters the control volume than exits. Storage then can be estimated by summing all of the components of the water (and salt) balance. When the net flow is positive (into the control volume) during a specified period of time, the storage of the control volume increases. Conversely, a net negative (out of the control volume) flow implies a decrease in storage during a specified time period.
Another manner in which a change in storage can be estimated relies on direct measurements of water elevations and salinities within the control volume. A change in water elevation within the control volume can be calculated as a difference between water elevations at the beginning and end of a specified time period. The product of this change in water elevations and the surface area of the control volume provide an estimate of the change in the volume of water contained in the control volume during that period of time. Estimates of daily storage changes derived from this method are used to further calibrate the water and salt balance model to ensure an accurate simulation of temporal trends in CCS water elevation and salinity.
A significant change to the model since it was last calibrated is the representation of continued additions of UFA water. Since November 1, 2016, an average of 12.8 mgd of UFA water have been added to the CCS for salinity abatement purposes. Based on historical data from the operation of the 5 UFA wells, the salinity of the added water is assumed to be 2.63 (in PSS-78 scale) and is assumed to be temporally invariant.
5.2.2 Model Calibration, Results, and Discussion The individual components of the water and salt balance were simulated daily and summed for each month from June 2015 through May 2017, as well as for the collective 24-month period.
The individual components of flow are summed in order to calculate a simulated change in volume for each month and for the 24-month period. These simulated changes in storage were compared to observed changes in CCS water and salt storage for each month and the entire calibration period (June 2015 through May 2017). Errors between the simulated and observed storage changes were minimized by adjusting key variables associated with the flow balance model; this process is called calibration. The calibration process ensures that the model can accurately reflect the average changes in CCS storage over the 24-month timeframe, while also effectively capturing day-to-day changes in CCS water and mass storage. Calibration of the water and salt balance model was achieved by adjusting hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer 5-6
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 materials adjacent to and beneath the CCS that factor into the calculation of seepage to/from groundwater and Biscayne Bay. Additional adjustable parameters include the coefficients in the wind function (FPL 2012a), the amount of runoff that enters the control volume as percentage of precipitation, the amount of Unit 5 cooling tower water that is lost to evaporation before entering the CCS, and the salinity of the Unit 5 blowdown as a percentage of seawater. The calibrated model parameter values are provided in Table 5.2-1.
5.2.2.1 Parameter Adjustments The horizontal hydraulic conductivities laterally adjacent to the control volume were calibrated to range between 500 ft/day (west and north CCS walls) and 1,600 ft/day (south CCS wall). The calibrated vertical conductivities beneath the control volume ranged from 0.1 ft/day to 2.2 ft/day.
In order to achieve a better match to observed hydrologic and salt concentration conditions, the northern portion of the discharge canals into the CCS and return canals were calibrated to have higher vertical hydraulic conductivities (1.4 ft/day and 2.2 ft/day, respectively) than the middle/southern portions of the CCS discharge canals and southern portion of the return canals (0.1 ft/day). The variability in these vertical hydraulic conductivities is attributable to the non-uniform depth of a shallow high-flow zone that is variably intersected by deeper CCS canals.
The magnitudes of and variability in vertical hydraulic conductivities are on the same order of magnitude as those in the prior model (which simulated through November 2016), where vertical hydraulic conductivity ranged from 0.1 to 1.6 ft/day. Horizontal hydraulic conductivities calibrated in this model are also on the same order of magnitude and range of values as those calibrated in the prior model (which simulated through November 2016), which ranged from 100 ft/day (east CCS wall) to 2,400 ft/day (south CCS wall).
In addition to changes in hydraulic conductivities, revisions were made to evaporation. The equation for evaporation (FPL 2012a) includes an empirical factor. This factor was reduced from 0.66 to 0.62 during the calibration of the 24-month balance model. As the modeled balance is very sensitive to evaporative losses, this was a significant change.
The percentage of additional precipitation-based inflow due to runoff from canal berms is an adjustable model parameter. This parameter is time-invariant and increases precipitation-based inflow for all precipitation events; as the precipitation increases, so too does the additional runoff inflow. Since the precipitation is a key inflow to the CCS for moderating salinity, the balance model is sensitive to this parameter. No change was necessary for this parameter, and it is defined to be 20% of direct precipitation inflow.
The impact of the parameters changes, particularly the adjustments made to the evaporation parameters, is a relatively accurate simulation of the monthly flow balance and simulated daily CCS conditions during the 24-month period between June 2015 and May 2017. The effect of these parameter adjustments on the earlier period of record (September 2010 through May 2015),
which were previously simulated by prior versions of the water and salt balance model, were not evaluated as a part of this modeling effort.
5-7
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2.2.2 Flow Balance Comparisons Results of the calibrated 24-month water and salt balance model are provided in Tables 5.2-2 and 5.2-3, respectively. The modeled net flow of water, as calculated by summing the components of the water balance for the 24-month calibration period, is denoted as the Modeled Change in CCS Storage and was calculated to be an average inflow of 1.91 mgd over the 24-month calibration period. In other words, on average over the 24-month period, the volume of water in the CCS increased at a rate of 1.91 mgd. The observed change in storage, which is the difference in the volume of water in the CCS between the final and first days of the calibration period, divided by the number of days in the period, was observed to be an increase in storage at a rate of 0.39 mgd. Though the model overestimated the increase in storage, the residual error between the simulated and observed flow is only 1.52 mgd. This error is small (1.97%) relative to the variability in monthly net observed flows, which range from a net outflow of 34.4 mgd (February 2016) and a net inflow of 42.7 mgd (September 2015). These monthly net flows are provided in the calibrated water and salt balance model included as Appendix K. A summary of the water balance model results for the 2016-2017 reporting period is shown in Table 5.2-4. Note that, on average, the CCS storage increased at rate of approximately 4.27 mgd during the 2016-2017 reporting period, while a smaller amount of water was lost, on average, in the previous year.
The model simulated a net loss (outflow) of salt over the 24-month period at rate of 541 (lb x 1,000)/day. The corresponding observed rate of salt outflow was calculated by multiplying the average observed salinity in the CCS (based on salinities measured at monitoring stations TPSWCCS-1, -2, -4, -5, and -6) on the final and first days of the calibration period by the corresponding CCS volumes on those days. The difference between these two products, divided by the number of days in the calibration period, provides the observed net outflow of salt, 1,089 (lb x 1,000)/day. Thus, the model underestimates the salt outflow by approximately 548 (lb x 1000)/day. As in the case of water balance simulation, the magnitude of this overestimation is small (2.0%) relative to the range in monthly average flows; the observed monthly net mass fluxes range from an outflow of 16,994 (lb x 1,000)/day (November 2015) to an inflow of 10,593 (lb x 1,000)/day (July 2016). During the reporting period, the direction of net salt mass flow was into the CCS at a rate of 1,844 (lb x 1000)/day (Table 5.2-5). Analogous to water storage, this magnitude of flow is within the range of flows prior to June 2015. This stands in stark contrast to the 2015 to 2016 period, when net salt mass flow was out of the CCS at a rate of approximately 4,400 (lb x1000)/day.
Figures 5.2-2 and 5.2-3 illustrate the models ability to match the magnitude and direction of net monthly flows of water and salt, respectively, over the 24-month period. With few exceptions, the model accurately simulated the direction of monthly averaged water and salt flows into and out of the CCS. Figure 5.2-2 compares observed and modeled net monthly flows of water into and out of the CCS. The wet season should be indicative of increased storage and inflow of water into the CCS and, accordingly, the 2015 and (beginning of the) 2017 wet seasons are periods of predominant inflow. However, due to relatively low precipitation, particularly in July 2016, the volume of water in the CCS generally decreased during the 2016 wet season. Dry seasons are marked by reductions in CCS water storage (general outflow). Net reductions in CCS storage are evident between January and March 2016. However, the addition of UFA water 5-8
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 starting in November 2016 is the likely cause of lower monthly outflows during the 2016/2017 dry season.
Figure 5.2-3 compares observed and modeled net monthly flows of salt into and out of the CCS.
Unlike the flows of water in Figure 5.2-2, there is an apparent seasonal trend in salt mass flows (salt storage decrease during dry season, salt storage increase during wet season). Like the modeled water flows, modeled salt mass fluxes generally match observed fluxes well. Note that a significant loss of salt storage (salt outflow) was observed in November and December 2015.
As previously documented, the salt outflows during these months are attributable to large volumetric seepage from the CCS to groundwater. By comparison, the 2016/2017 dry season salt outflows are relatively low. The addition of UFA water has aided in the moderation of dry season salinity without significantly increasing the stage of the CCS. As such, seepage to groundwater during the 2016/2017 dry season is low relative to seepage modeled during the prior dry season. This is discussed further in the conclusions.
5.2.2.3 Simulated CCS Water Levels and Salt Implicit in the models ability to simulate monthly net water and salt mass flows is the accurate simulation of daily flows to and from the CCS. Because the model is able to characterize the daily flows of water and salt, the model estimates the daily changes in CCS water and salt storage. As previously mentioned, these changes in storage are associated with daily changes in CCS water levels and salinity. Figure 5.2-4 shows the model-calculated water levels in the CCS, which varies over the period of record. These modeled water levels range between approximately -1.7 ft North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) and 2.0 ft NAVD 88 and reflect an average water level throughout the entire CCS. Also shown in Figure 5.2-4 are the observed CCS water levels over time; the observed values reflect the mean of daily-averaged water elevations across the five sensors in the CCS (TPSWCCS-1, -2, -4, -5, -6). The model generally matches the seasonal trends in CCS water level changes (reductions during the dry season and increases during the wet season). However, between July 2016 and January 2017, the model under-simulates the CCS stage. Changes to the model intended to improve this match resulted in a degradation in the quality of the match to CCS salinity.
Changes in salt mass storage within the CCS can be used to calculate average CCS salinity changes over time. The simulated daily net flow of salt is divided by the simulated volume of water in the CCS, which results in a change in salinity. This change in salinity is added to the simulated salinity calculated for the previous day to produce a simulated salinity for the current day. Like the simulated CCS water level, the modeled salinity reflects a representative daily salinity throughout the CCS. Figure 5.2-5 compares the simulated salinities to those observed in the CCS over the period of record. Observed salinities are the mean of daily averaged salinities measured in the CCS monitoring stations (TPSWCCS-1, -2, -4, -5, and -6). The model matches the observed temporal trends in salinity reasonably well. However, the model over-simulates the magnitude of CCS salinity throughout much of the simulated timeframe. Interestingly, this bias is eliminated and the model match to CCS salinity improves in late 2016, when FPL began adding UFA water to the CCS.
5-9
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2.2.4 Interim Activities Affecting Salt Removal While not simulated in the water budget model, it is worth mentioning that FPL proactively initiated removal of hypersaline groundwater (up to 15 mgd) beneath the CCS as part of extended operational testing and monitoring of the UIC well beginning in late September 2016.
Monthly Operating Reports have been submitted to FDEP and are available in the L-31E EDMS site.
Groundwater with a salinity ranging from 54 to 62 PSS-78 scale was pumped from four wells into the injection wells from September 28, 2016, through the end of the reporting period in May 2017. During this time, a total of 1,661 million pounds of salt had been removed from beneath the extraction wells and injected down the UIC. Table 5.2-6 provides a daily summary of the volume of hypersaline water pumped into the injection well and the mass of salt removed.
5.2.2.5 Conclusions General Conclusions The accurate simulation of changing CCS inflows, outflows, water elevations, and salinities is complex due to the different components of the balance model and their varying impacts on CCS water and salt storage. For instance, vertical flows into and out of the control volume are generally larger than horizontal flows and have a greater impact upon CCS water elevation. The salinity of inflowing water, however, can vary depending upon the source of the water. For example, water pumped from the UFA into the CCS is relatively low salinity and, as such, serves to reduce and/or moderate CCS salinity; vertical flow from groundwater beneath portions of the discharge canals to the CCS is saline to hypersaline and generally increases the salinity of the CCS. The correct balance of both water and salt mass flow is difficult to estimate in the model.
In addition, observed CCS water temperatures varied by over 26°C (from approximately 18.3°C at TPSWCCS-6 in January 2016 to 44.4°C at TPSWCCS-1 in August 2016) during the simulated timeframe. The model addresses associated impacts to the CCS by explicitly simulating the effects of water/air temperature gradients on evaporation. Whereas myriad sources and sinks of water, varying salinities, and changes in water temperature do increase model complexity, the need to accurately simulate these different components of CCS operation constrains the number of possible solutions.
Though the model is able to simulate the complex dynamics associated with the CCS over a 24-month timeframe with reasonable accuracy, there are periods of time where the simulated flows of water and salt do not accurately reflect observed conditions. Consequently, the simulated water levels and salinities in the CCS deviate from those that have been observed at various times in the simulation period. However, the overall performance of the model reinforces its utility as a tool for understanding how the CCS has and will operate under varying meteorological, hydrological, and operational conditions. This is best demonstrated by the fact that the same conceptual model employed to characterize changes in CCS storage of water and salt during this 24-month timeframe (June 2015 through May 2017) was used to explain changes in storage during the prior approximately 4.5-year Uprate monitoring period.
5-10
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 The robustness and accuracy in the model underpins FPLs informed understanding of processes that control the CCS and the manner in which the CCS interacts with the adjacent aquifer and water bodies. This accuracy in simulating the historical changes within the CCS bolsters confidence in the models utility as a tool to evaluate the sensitivity of CCS operations to certain factors such as changes in operation, drought conditions, storm events, salinity abatement activities, and other potential environmental stresses. Additionally, the model quality validates the fact that the most appropriate data are being collected to effectively capture CCS operations, identify interactions between the CCS and the surrounding environment, and support FPLs comprehension of historical and future operations of the CCS. Continued application and updating of this model is recommended to improve the quality with which it simulates historical conditions in order to bolster the confidence with which futures decisions regarding CCS operations can be made.
Impacts of UFA Water Additions Perhaps the most important element of the simulated CCS balance during the 24-month timeframe is the continuous addition of UFA water between November 2016 and May 2017.
Earlier predictive modeling concluded that, under normal conditions, the addition of 14 mgd of UFA water would eventually reduce CCS salinity to 34 PSS-78. Because this has not yet occurred, it is important to analyze model results in order to better understand what is driving the changes in salinity.
Two key elements of the CCS water and salt balance model that influence the temporal change in CCS salinity are precipitation inflows (the addition of freshwater to the CCS) and evaporative outflows (the removal of freshwater from the CCS). Precipitation-based inflows help to reduce and/or moderate CCS salinity; evaporative losses cause increases in salinity. Monthly evaporative flow rates are generally greater than precipitation flow rates. As such, the difference between monthly precipitation and evaporation (precipitation minus evaporation) is usually negative. During months when this difference is near-zero or positive, CCS salinity will generally decrease. This is evident from September 2015 through January 2016, when positive and near-zero differences between precipitation and evaporation (Figure 5.2-6) helped to produce a reduction in salinity from 79 PSS-78 to 35 PSS-78. Note, FPL also added L-31E canal water through November 2015, which also helped to reduce CCS salinity.
In the months that followed (February through July 2016), monthly evaporation was consistently and significantly greater than monthly precipitation (Figure 5.2-6). Accordingly, the average CCS salinity increased from 35 PSS-78 to 70 PSS-78. Much of this increase occurred by the end of May 2016. During the same 4-month period (February through May) in 2017, the monthly differences between evaporation and precipitation were even more negative than in 2016 (except in March). Whereas salinity increased by 20 PSS-78 between February and May 2016, salinity during the same four months in 2017 has remained relatively stable (increase from 65 PSS-78 to 67 PSS-78). The reason for the stability in salinity in spite of the adverse imbalance between evaporation and precipitation is the addition of UFA water. These additions of low salinity water help to offset the disparity between evaporation and precipitation and, in so doing, help moderate salinity. The continued addition of UFA water, combined with less significant disparities between evaporation and precipitation, should help reduce CCS salinity to 34 PSS-78.
5-11
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 When the UFA water-based approach to CCS salinity abatement was proposed, there were concerns that the associated increase in CCS stage would induce significant seepage of hypersaline water into Biscayne aquifer. Figure 5.2-7 plots the monthly average rates of vertical seepage of salt into the Biscayne aquifer through the base of the CCS (negative values represent outflow from the CCS; positive values represent inflow into the CCS). Inspection of this plot reveals that, relative to other months during the simulated 24-month timeframe, vertical seepage of salt since the full commencement of UFA water additions (November 2016) has been relatively moderate. It is anticipated that the long-term reduction in CCS salinity to 34 PSS-78 will help to moderate the flow of salt from the CCS into the Biscayne aquifer.
5-12
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 TABLES
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 Table 5.2-1. Calibration Parameters.
Calibrated Parameter Name Value Units Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity (Zone A) 1.4 ft/day Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity (Zone B) 0.1 ft/day Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity (Zone C) 0.1 ft/day Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity (Zone D) 2.2 ft/day West Face Hydraulic Conductivity 500 ft/day East Face Hydraulic Conductivity 25 ft/day North Face Hydraulic Conductivity 500 ft/day South Face Hydraulic Conductivity 1600 ft/day Evaporation Modifier (Factor Multiplier) 0.62 Runoff Modifier (as % of Precipitation) 20%
Blowdown Evaporation Factor 30%
Blowdown Concentration (as % of Seawater) 0.50 5-13
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 Table 5.2-2. Calculated Fluid Flows from Water Budget Components from June 2015 through May 2017.
June 2015 to May 2017 Water Budget Component Flow (MGD) Volume (gal x 10^6)
W. Seepage 0.44 318.79 E. Seepage 0.26 186.70 N. Seepage 0.02 13.54 S. Seepage 6.80 4971.32 Bottom Seepage 2.20 1606.72 Precipitation and Runoff 21.78 15920.48 Into CCS Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.59 428.76 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.18 131.98 ID Pumping 3.90 2852.92 Added Water (e.g. L-31E) 18.12 13247.06 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total In: 54.28 39678.27 W. Seepage 0.00 -0.37 E. Seepage -0.26 -190.50 N. Seepage -0.01 -5.99 S. Seepage -1.22 -891.14 Bottom Seepage -13.41 -9801.13 Out of CCS Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Evaporation -37.47 -27393.69 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.00 0.00 ID Pumping 0.00 0.00 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total Out: -52.37 -38282.82 Modeled Change in CCS Storage: 1.91 1395.46 Observed Change 0.39 288.23 Key:
CCS = Cooling Canal System.
gal = Gallon.
ID = Interceptor Ditch.
MGD = Million gallons per day.
5-14
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 Table 5.2-3. Calculated Mass Flows from Salt Budget Components from June 2015 through May 2017.
June 2015 to May 2017 Mass Budget Component lb/day (x1000) Mass (lb x 1000)
W. Seepage 3.80 2777.73 E. Seepage 68.81 50298.89 N. Seepage 4.09 2993.06 S. Seepage 1348.98 986102.07 Bottom Seepage 670.41 490068.71 Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Into CCS Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 26.37 19274.82 ID Pumped Water 320.25 234102.33 Added Water (e.g. L-31E) 3796.45 2775204.60 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total In: 6239.15 4560822.20 W. Seepage -40.50 -29603.04 E. Seepage -101.95 -74522.64 N. Seepage -3.46 -2526.71 S. Seepage -447.89 -327409.72 Bottom Seepage -6186.75 -4522513.47 Out of CCS Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.00 0.00 ID Pumping 0.00 0.00 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total Out: -6780.54 -4956575.58 Modeled Change in CCS Storage: -541.39 -395753.38 Observed Change -1089.17 -796183.62 Key:
CCS = Cooling Canal System.
ID = Interceptor Ditch.
lb = Pound(s).
5-15
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 Table 5.2-4. Calculated Fluid Flows from Water Budget Components for the Period of Record (June 2016 through May 2017).
June 2016 through May 2017 Water Budget Component Flow (MGD) Volume (gal x 10^6)
W. Seepage 0.43 155.87 E. Seepage 0.34 123.65 N. Seepage 0.03 10.23 S. Seepage 9.13 3332.78 Bottom Seepage 3.21 1172.49 Precipitation and Runoff 16.64 6072.22 Into CCS Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.62 225.86 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.00 0.66 ID Pumping 1.37 499.65 Added Water 14.67 5353.54 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total In: 46.43 16946.96 W. Seepage 0.00 0.00 E. Seepage -0.05 -16.58 N. Seepage 0.00 -0.06 S. Seepage 0.00 0.00 Bottom Seepage -6.28 -2293.51 Out of CCS Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Evaporation -35.83 -13078.48 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.00 0.00 ID Pumping 0.00 0.00 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total Out: -42.16 -15388.63 Modeled Change in CCS Storage: 4.27 1553.58 Observed Change -0.30 -110.29 Key:
CCS = Cooling Canal System.
gal = Gallon.
ID = Interceptor Ditch.
MGD = Million gallons per day.
5-16
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 Table 5.2-5. Calculated Mass Flows from Mass Budget Components for the Period of Record (June 2016 through May 2017).
June 2016 through May 2017 Mass Budget Component lb/day (x1000) Mass (lb x 10^6)
W. Seepage 5.05 1843.29 E. Seepage 88.42 32271.84 N. Seepage 6.32 2305.82 S. Seepage 1626.51 593674.81 Bottom Seepage 983.54 358990.31 Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Into CCS Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.27 96.93 ID Pumping 76.05 27756.70 Added Water 2411.92 880352.15 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total In: 5198.06 1897291.84 W. Seepage 0.00 0.00 E. Seepage -23.45 -8559.83 N. Seepage -0.09 -31.72 S. Seepage 0.00 0.00 Bottom Seepage -3331.30 -1215925.70 Out of CCS Precipitation and Runoff 0.00 0.00 Evaporation 0.00 0.00 Unit 3, 4 Added Water 0.00 0.00 Unit 5 Blowdown 0.00 0.00 ID Pumping 0.00 0.00 Plant Outflow Equal to Intake Plant Intake Equal to Outflow Total Out: -3354.84 -1224517.26 Modeled Change in CCS Storage: 1843.22 672774.59 Observed Change 786.86 287202.42 Key:
CCS = Cooling Canal System.
lb = Pound(s).
ID = Interceptor Ditch.
5-17
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2-6. Interim Salt Mass Removed.
Total Total Millions Daily Salt Cumulative Millions Daily Salt Cumulative of Removal Salt Removed of Removal Salt Removed Gallons (millions (millions of Gallons (millions (millions of Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.) Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.)
09/28/16 6.3 3.0 3 11/05/16 14.8 6.7 274 09/29/16 15.3 7.4 10 11/06/16 14.8 6.6 281 09/30/16 14.9 7.2 18 11/07/16 14.8 6.6 288 10/01/16 14.9 7.2 25 11/01/16 14.8 6.6 294 10/02/16 14.9 7.1 32 11/02/16 14.8 6.7 301 10/03/16 14.9 6.9 39 11/03/16 14.8 6.7 307 10/04/16 14.8 6.9 46 11/04/16 14.4 6.5 314 10/05/16 14.9 8.8 54 11/05/16 14.8 6.7 321 10/06/16 7.7 12.7 67 11/06/16 14.8 6.6 327 10/07/16 0.0 0.0 67 11/07/16 14.8 6.6 334 10/08/16 7.7 20.2 87 11/08/16 14.8 6.6 341 10/09/16 14.9 6.8 94 11/09/16 14.8 6.6 347 10/10/16 14.9 6.8 101 11/10/16 14.8 6.6 354 10/11/16 14.9 6.7 108 11/11/16 14.8 6.6 360 10/12/16 14.9 6.8 114 11/12/16 14.8 6.6 367 10/13/16 14.9 6.8 121 11/13/16 14.8 6.6 374 10/14/16 14.9 6.7 128 11/14/16 14.8 6.6 380 10/15/16 14.9 6.7 135 11/15/16 14.8 6.6 387 10/16/16 14.9 6.7 141 11/16/16 14.8 6.6 394 10/17/16 14.9 6.7 148 11/17/16 14.8 6.6 400 10/18/16 14.8 6.7 155 11/18/16 14.8 6.6 407 10/19/16 14.8 6.7 162 11/19/16 14.8 6.6 413 10/20/16 14.8 6.6 168 11/20/16 14.8 6.6 420 10/21/16 14.8 6.6 175 11/21/16 14.8 6.6 427 10/22/16 14.8 6.6 181 11/22/16 14.8 6.7 433 10/23/16 14.8 6.7 188 11/23/16 14.8 6.7 440 10/24/16 14.8 6.6 195 11/24/16 14.8 6.7 447 10/25/16 14.8 6.6 201 11/25/16 14.8 6.6 453 10/26/16 14.8 6.6 208 11/26/16 14.8 6.6 460 10/27/16 14.8 6.6 215 11/27/16 14.8 6.6 467 10/28/16 14.8 6.6 221 11/28/16 14.8 6.6 473 10/29/16 14.8 6.6 228 11/29/16 14.2 6.4 480 10/30/16 14.8 6.6 234 11/30/16 14.8 6.6 486 10/31/16 14.8 6.6 241 12/01/16 14.8 6.6 493 11/01/16 14.8 6.6 248 12/02/16 14.8 6.6 500 11/02/16 14.8 6.7 254 12/03/16 14.8 6.6 506 11/03/16 14.8 6.7 261 12/04/16 14.8 6.6 513 11/04/16 14.4 6.5 268 12/05/16 14.8 6.6 519 5-18
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2-6. Interim Salt Mass Removed.
Total Total Millions Daily Salt Cumulative Millions Daily Salt Cumulative of Removal Salt Removed of Removal Salt Removed Gallons (millions (millions of Gallons (millions (millions of Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.) Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.)
12/06/16 14.8 6.6 526 01/13/17 14.8 6.7 774 12/07/16 14.8 6.6 533 01/14/17 14.8 6.7 781 12/08/16 14.8 6.6 539 01/15/17 14.8 6.8 787 12/09/16 14.8 6.6 546 01/16/17 14.8 6.8 794 12/10/16 14.8 6.6 553 01/17/17 14.8 6.8 801 12/11/16 14.8 6.6 559 01/18/17 14.8 6.8 808 12/12/16 14.8 6.6 566 01/19/17 15.0 6.8 814 12/13/16 14.8 6.3 572 01/20/17 14.8 6.6 821 12/14/16 14.8 6.5 579 01/21/17 14.8 6.7 828 12/15/16 13.2 5.8 584 01/22/17 14.8 6.7 834 12/16/16 13.7 6.0 591 01/23/17 7.8 3.5 838 12/17/16 14.8 6.5 597 01/24/17 14.8 6.7 845 12/18/16 14.8 6.5 604 01/25/17 14.8 6.7 851 12/19/16 14.8 6.6 610 01/26/17 14.7 6.6 858 12/20/16 14.8 6.6 617 01/27/17 14.7 6.7 865 12/21/16 14.8 6.6 623 01/28/17 14.8 6.7 871 12/22/16 14.8 6.6 630 01/29/17 14.8 6.7 878 12/23/16 14.8 6.6 636 01/30/17 13.0 5.9 884 12/24/16 14.8 6.6 643 01/31/17 14.8 6.7 891 12/25/16 14.8 6.6 650 02/01/17 14.7 6.7 897 12/26/16 14.8 6.6 656 02/02/17 14.8 6.6 904 12/27/16 14.8 6.6 663 02/03/17 14.7 6.6 910 12/28/16 14.8 6.6 670 02/04/17 14.8 6.6 917 12/29/16 14.8 6.6 676 02/05/17 14.8 6.6 924 12/30/16 14.8 6.6 683 02/06/17 14.7 6.6 930 12/31/16 14.8 6.6 689 02/07/17 14.7 6.6 937 01/01/17 14.8 6.6 696 02/08/17 14.8 6.7 944 01/02/17 14.8 6.6 703 02/09/17 14.7 6.6 950 01/03/17 14.8 6.6 709 02/10/17 14.8 6.7 957 01/04/17 14.8 6.5 716 02/11/17 14.7 6.6 964 01/05/17 14.8 6.5 722 02/12/17 14.7 6.6 970 01/06/17 14.8 6.6 729 02/13/17 14.7 6.6 977 01/07/17 14.8 6.6 736 02/14/17 14.7 6.5 983 01/08/17 14.8 6.6 742 02/15/17 14.7 6.6 990 01/09/17 14.8 6.6 749 02/16/17 14.7 6.6 997 01/10/17 11.2 5.0 754 02/17/17 14.7 6.7 1,003 01/11/17 14.7 6.7 761 02/18/17 14.7 6.7 1,010 01/12/17 14.5 6.6 767 02/19/17 14.7 6.7 1,017 5-19
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2-6. Interim Salt Mass Removed.
Total Total Millions Daily Salt Cumulative Millions Daily Salt Cumulative of Removal Salt Removed of Removal Salt Removed Gallons (millions (millions of Gallons (millions (millions of Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.) Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.)
02/20/17 14.7 6.7 1,023 03/30/17 14.6 6.6 1,276 02/21/17 14.7 6.7 1,030 03/31/17 14.6 6.6 1,283 02/22/17 14.7 6.7 1,037 04/01/17 14.6 6.6 1,290 02/23/17 14.7 6.6 1,043 04/02/17 14.6 6.6 1,296 02/24/17 14.7 6.7 1,050 04/03/17 14.8 6.6 1,303 02/25/17 14.7 6.7 1,057 04/04/17 14.2 6.4 1,309 02/26/17 14.7 6.7 1,063 04/05/17 14.7 6.6 1,316 02/27/17 14.7 6.7 1,070 04/06/17 14.2 6.0 1,322 02/28/17 14.7 6.7 1,077 04/07/17 14.8 6.6 1,329 03/01/17 14.7 6.7 1,083 04/08/17 14.8 6.7 1,335 03/02/17 14.7 6.7 1,090 04/09/17 14.3 6.5 1,342 03/03/17 14.7 6.7 1,097 04/10/17 14.8 6.7 1,348 03/04/17 14.7 6.7 1,104 04/11/17 14.8 6.6 1,355 03/05/17 14.7 6.7 1,110 04/12/17 14.8 6.6 1,362 03/06/17 14.7 6.7 1,117 04/13/17 14.8 6.6 1,368 03/07/17 14.7 6.7 1,124 04/14/17 14.8 6.6 1,375 03/08/17 14.7 6.7 1,130 04/15/17 14.8 6.6 1,382 03/09/17 14.7 6.7 1,137 04/16/17 14.8 6.7 1,388 03/10/17 14.7 6.7 1,144 04/17/17 14.8 6.7 1,395 03/11/17 14.7 6.6 1,150 04/18/17 14.8 6.7 1,402 03/12/17 14.1 6.4 1,157 04/19/17 14.8 6.7 1,408 03/13/17 14.7 6.7 1,163 04/20/17 14.8 6.7 1,415 03/14/17 14.7 6.6 1,170 04/21/17 14.8 6.7 1,422 03/15/17 14.7 6.7 1,177 04/22/17 14.8 6.6 1,428 03/16/17 14.7 6.7 1,183 04/23/17 12.9 5.8 1,434 03/17/17 14.7 6.7 1,190 04/24/17 12.9 6.6 1,441 03/18/17 14.7 6.7 1,197 04/25/17 14.8 6.6 1,447 03/19/17 14.7 6.6 1,203 04/26/17 14.8 6.6 1,454 03/20/17 14.7 6.7 1,210 04/27/17 14.8 6.6 1,461 03/21/17 14.7 6.7 1,217 04/28/17 14.8 6.6 1,467 03/22/17 14.7 6.6 1,223 04/29/17 14.8 6.6 1,474 03/23/17 14.7 6.7 1,230 04/30/17 14.8 6.6 1,480 03/24/17 14.7 6.7 1,237 05/01/17 14.8 6.6 1,487 03/25/17 14.7 6.7 1,243 05/02/17 14.8 6.6 1,494 03/26/17 14.7 6.7 1,250 05/03/17 14.8 6.6 1,500 03/27/17 14.7 6.6 1,256 05/04/17 14.8 3.9 1,504 03/28/17 14.7 6.6 1,263 05/05/17 14.8 6.6 1,511 03/29/17 14.7 6.6 1,270 05/06/17 14.8 6.6 1,517 5-20
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5.2-6. Interim Salt Mass Removed.
Total Total Millions Daily Salt Cumulative Millions Daily Salt Cumulative of Removal Salt Removed of Removal Salt Removed Gallons (millions (millions of Gallons (millions (millions of Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.) Day of Water of lbs.) lbs.)
05/07/17 14.8 6.6 1,524 05/20/17 14.8 6.5 1,609 05/08/17 14.8 6.6 1,530 05/21/17 14.8 6.5 1,616 05/09/17 14.8 6.5 1,537 05/22/17 14.8 2.1 1,618 05/10/17 14.8 6.6 1,543 05/23/17 6.1 0.0 1,618 05/11/17 14.8 6.6 1,550 05/24/17 7.3 0.0 1,618 05/12/17 14.8 6.6 1,557 05/25/17 0.1 4.2 1,622 05/13/17 14.8 6.6 1,563 05/26/17 9.6 6.5 1,628 05/14/17 14.8 6.6 1,570 05/27/17 14.7 6.5 1,635 05/15/17 14.8 6.6 1,576 05/28/17 14.8 6.5 1,641 05/16/17 14.8 6.6 1,583 05/29/17 14.7 6.5 1,648 05/17/17 14.8 6.5 1,589 05/30/17 14.7 6.5 1,655 05/18/17 14.8 6.6 1,596 05/31/17 14.7 6.5 1,661 05/19/17 14.8 6.5 1,602 5-21
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 (A)
(B)
Figure 5.2-1. Flow into (A) and out of (B) the CCS, Shown in Cross-Section.
5-31
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 60 40 Average Water Flow (MGD) 20 0
Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17
-20
-40
-60 Observed Simulated Figure 5.2-2. Modeled versus Measured Net Monthly Flows of Water for the CCS during the Period from June 2015 - May 2017.
5-32
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 25000 20000 Average Salt Flow (lb x 1000/day) 15000 10000 5000 0 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15
-5000 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16 Apr-16 May-16 Jun-16 Jul-16 Aug-16 Sep-16 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17
-10000 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17
-15000
-20000
-25000 Observed Simulated Figure 5.2-3. Modeled versus Measured Net Monthly Flows of Salt Mass for the CCS during the Period from June 2015 - May 2017.
5-33
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 3
Simulated Water Elevations 2.5 Measured Water Elevations 2
CCS Water Elevation (ft NAVD 88) 1.5 1
0.5 0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2 Figure 5.2-4. Modeled versus Measured Water Elevations (NAVD 88) in the CCS during the Reporting Period; Used to Validate the Conceptual Model and Calibrate the Water Balance Model to Temporal Trends in Water Elevation.
5-34
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 120 Simulated Concentration (g/L)
Measured Concentration (g/L) 100 80 CCS Salinity (g/L) 60 40 20 0
Figure 5.2-5. Modeled versus Measured Salinity in the CCS during the Reporting Period; Used to Validate the Conceptual Model and Calibrate the Water Balance Model to Temporal Trends in Salinity.
5-35
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 60 2015 2016 40 2017 Precipitation Minus Evaporation (MGD) 20 0
-20
-40
-60 Figure 5.2-6. Modeled Monthly Differences between Precipitation and Evaporation (precipitation minus evaporation) for the 24-month Simulation.
5-36
FPL Turkey Point Annual Monitoring Report September 2017 Section 5 5000 0
Vertical Salt Mass Flow (lb x 1000/day)
-5000
-10000
-15000 2015 2016 2017
-20000 Figure 5.2-7. Modeled Monthly Vertical Salt Mass Seepage between the CCS and Biscayne Aquifer; Negative Values Indicate Seepage of Salt Mass out of the CCS.
5-37