ML20128F133
| ML20128F133 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 11/30/1984 |
| From: | Belmore C, Fiedler P, Hillman R BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY, GENERAL PUBLIC UTILITIES CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20128F127 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8507080135 | |
| Download: ML20128F133 (150) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:. ., I ANNUAL REPORT I For the Period December 1,1983 to November 30,1984 on I STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION to GPU Nuclear Corporation May 15,1985 I I 8x R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, and R.A. McGrath , I I lI BATTELLE l New England Marine Research Laboratory 397 Washington Street Duxbury, Massachusetts 02332 I Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, or publicity purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in part for such purposes. 8507080135 850521
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I . .. I TABLE OF CONTENTS
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l M ANAGEM ENT S UM M ARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i IN T RO D U CTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Patterns of Species Abundance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I Abundance and Distribution of Teredo navalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abundance and Distribution of Bankia gouldi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7 8 CO N C L US IO N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 REFE REN C ES CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 i L5T OF TABLES I Table 1. Numbers of Teredinids in Long-Term (6-Month) Panels l Submerged June,1983 Through May,1984 and Removed I Sequentially From December,1983 Through November, 1984 .......................................................... 4 I Table 2. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-Term Panels Removed Monthly From December,1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 LIST OF FIGURES I Figure 1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations of Exposure Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 APPENDIX A EX POS U R E 'AN E LS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPM ENTAL STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 APPENDIX C W A T E R Q U A LITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 I . I _
t MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975, at the request of Jersey Central Power & Light Company, which owns the Oyster Creek I Nuclear Generating Station, operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation. This report covers the period from December 1,1983 through November 30, 1984, and includes a discussion of the pattern of distribution, abundance, and reproductive activity of woodborers observed since the beginning of the program. During the present report period, only two species of molluscan woodborers were identified from either short-term or long-term panels. These were the teredinids, Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi. A few specimens too small to be identified to species I were collected and categorized as Teredinidae, but they were probably one or the other of the above mentioned species. Both T. bartschi and T. furcifera, of concern during the earlier years of the study, remain absent from the exposure panels. The crustacean woodborer, Limnoria, was recorded from six stations, none of which were in the area affected by the discharge of OCNGS. The total abundance of 4756 individual teredinids collected over the present report period represents a decline of 15 percent from the total collected during the I previous report period. This is the fifth consecutive report period in which a decline in abundance has occurred. The largest decrease in terms of absolute numbers occurred at Station 1 (Figure 1), but the largest percentage decrease,92 percent, occurred at Station
- 7. During the present period, 87 percent of all teredinids were collected at Station 1.
Four stations, Stations 1,11,14 and 17 account for over 97 percent of all shipworms collected in long-term panels. Distribution patterns of T. navalis have remained fairly consistent since the program began in 1975. Most T. navalis occur at Stations 1,11, and 17, with elevated abundances also occurring at Station 2. I Abundances of B. gouldi increased during the present report period over what was reported last year, thereby reversing the pattern of significant decline over the past several years. Most B. gouldi were collected at Stations 10A,11,12,13 and 14. Analyses of abundance and distribution of teredinids in Barnegat Bay were carried out specifically with the extended plant outage in mind. During the outage, there was a significant decrease in densities of T. navalis. Whether this decrease is related to the outage is questionable, since the largeet decline in T. navalis abundance was at I Station 1, outside the influence of the OCNGS Jischarge. Gonad development patterns of T. navalis and B. gouldi remained consistent with what has been reported previously. I
I ! I ' l STUDY OF WOODBORER POPULATIONS IN RELATION TO THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION by I I R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, and R.A. McGrath i I I l INTRODUCTION The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975 at I the request of the Jersey Central Power & Light Company (3CP&L) which owns the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS), operated by GPU Nuclear Corporation. The OCNGS has used salt water from Barnegat Bay as condenser cooling water since the plant began commercial operation in December,1969. The thermal effluent from the plant enters Oyster Creek approximately two miles inland from Barnegat Bay (Figure 1). Oyster Creek flows into the bay about one mile south of Forked River, which provides water to the intake of the plant's cooling system. Recirculation of water from the Oyster Creek discharge canalinto Forked River has been calculated to occur between 4 and 22% of the time (M. Kennish, GPU Nuclear Corporation, personal communication), with some of the effluent also flowing south towards Waretown. The morphology and flow direction of the thermal plume is variable, being dependent primarily on the wind with some tidalinfluence. Consequently, organisms in Oyster Creek and contiguous waters are sometimes exposed to water temperatures above ambient bay levels. 1 A heavy outbreak of teredinid woodboring molluscs in the Oyster Creek area in ; the early 1970s raised concern about the possible effect of the operation of the OCNGS on woodborer populations in Oyster Creek and in the Barnegat Bay system. This study has f been conducted in an effort to determine whether the operation of the OCNGS is indeed having an impact on the distribution, abundance, and/or reproductive patterns of the ; various species of teredinids occurring in the bay. I I
e 2 ' 4tO MANOSCUAN BRIELLE INLET
# l
% AS POINT PLEASANT l l
INTR ACCASTAL # WATERWAY CAN AL MANTOLOKING g N I N LE CREEK l
)
l i I - I - 16 SLOCP I NOLLY PARK ATLANTIC CCEAN g4 STOUTS CREEK 10 108 [' SEDGE I , ISLAND 1 ($10A O 5$ OYSTER 6 BARNEGAT INLET OYSTER CREEK I NUCLEAR GENERATING 1 BARNEGAT 43 STATION p 4 BARNEGAT BEACH CONKLIN
$ PANEL ARRAY ISLAND 0 1 2 3 .
' MILES
[ I BARNEGAT INLET. NEW JERSEY Latiewee 39 45 8 N Lonqptuce 74 060 W y f i 2 i O u g FIGURE 1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS I -
I 3 I - This report covers the sampling year from December 1, 1983 through November 30,1984, with some comparisons being made of these data to those of previous I. years. Data concerning shipworm distribution and abundance are detailed in Appendix A. Gonad developmental patterns are. described in Appendix B, and water quality data collected over the study period are detailed in Appendix C. PATTERNS OF SPECIES ABUNDANCE I Abundance of teredinids occurring in long-term (6-month) panels is summarized in Table 1. The total abundance of 4756 teredinids collected over the present reporting period represents a decline of 15 percent from the total abundance of 5601 individuals collected during the previous report period (Hillman et al.,1984). This is the fifth consecutive report period in which a decline in abundance in the long-term panels has occurred. The largest decrease in absolute numbers occurred at Station 1, where there was a decrease of 329 individuals from the 4467 collected during the preceding year. This represented a seven percent decline. The largest percentage drop, however, occurred at I Station 7, where the abundance declined frora 146 individuals during the previous report period to 12 individuals over the present report period, a drop of 92 percent. Marked i decreases also occurred at Stations 11 (34 percent decrease),13 (51 percent),14 (58 percent), and 17 (18 percent). The effect of these declines was to leave Station I with 87 percent of the shipworms collected in the long-term panels, an increase of seven percent over last year, and 27 percent more than two years ago (Hillman et al.,1983). Only four stations, I Stations 1,11,14 and 17 account for over 97 percent of all shipworms collected in long-term panels. Four stations, Stations 3, 6,10A and 16B, produced no teredinids in long-term panels during the present report period. The monthly abundance pattern over the present report period differed fro n that observed during the same period last' year. The greatest abundance during the present period came in panels placed in the water monthly from June through October, 1983, and removed six months later (December,1983 through April,1984). Last year, most of the shipworms were collected in panels placed in the water monthly from February through May,1983 and removed monthly from August through November. Thus, the greater abundances recorded this year are part of a cycle which began with the I February,1983 panels.
m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE 1. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN LONG-TERM (6-month) PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE,1983 THROUGH MAY, 1984 AND REMOVED SEQUENTIALLY FROM DECEMBER, 1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 Site Submerged Jun Jul .Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May Removed Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total No. % Total 1 400 400 600 500 680 170 240 351 297 500 4138 87.01 2 1 1 2 3 7 0.15 3 0 0.00 4 3 3 0.06 4A 1 1 0.02 5 5 2 1 1 1 10 0.21 6 0 0.00 7 7 2 1 2 12 0.25 8 10 5 2 2 19 0.40 9 2 2 0.04 10 0 0.00 10A 4 1 1 1 7 0.15 10B 1 1 5 1 8 0.17 11 47 16 9 22 9 44 26 58 31 262 5.51 12 3 1 1 1 3 5 5 19 0.40 13 18 5 2 1 26 0.55 14 90 36 3 4 1 2 2 1 139 2.92 15 7 3 1 1 3 15 0.32 16B 0 0.00 17 23 24 20 16 2 1 2 88 1.85
I 5 I Teredinids were recovered from short-term (1-month) panels during December, 1983, and from July through November,1984 (Table 2), a period identical with that reported last year. A total of 2448 teredinids were recovered from short-term panels I during the present report period, only 39 fewer than during the previous period. The distribution pattern however, was different this year. There were 2432 teredinids collected at Station 1 as compared to only 2383 collected last year. The largest number collected during any one month was 1400, collected in the panel removed in November. Last year most of the larvae settled during August and September, when the usual peak settlement occurs. The remaining 16 teredinids were collected at only four stations, Stations 2,8,11 and 12, with 11 of the 16 being collected at Station 11. This is in sharp contrast to last year's short-term panel collections, which had 104 teredinids being collected at eight stations,in addition to Station 1 (Hillman et al.,1984), with 65 of them coming from Station 14. Abundance and Distribution of Teredo navalis Teredo navalis was collected at only nine of the 20 stations during the present report period, with most of them coming from Station 1. Of a total of 628 T. navalis ) identified from long-term panels (see Table A-20, Appendix A), and 15 from short-term panels (Table 2), 509 were collected at Station 1. I Analysis of spatial variation in T. navalis densities during the present report l period produced the following grouping of stations (stations connected by an underlme , were not significantly different at p = 0.05): 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101316B 4A 1210A 1410B 15 217 111 Comparisons among station means for T. navalis abundance, using all available data from the entire study, the following grouping was obtained: 1 16B 61213 4 5 310 4A 10B 9 3 710A 1415 217111 These observations are essentially identical with those reported in previous years (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984) and continue to indicate significantly elevated abundances of T. navalis near Barnegat inlet (Stations I and 17) and l at Stations 2 and 11.
TABLE 2. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS I REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984
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I T = Teredinidae; Tn = Teredo navalis; Ts = Teredo spp; Bg = Bankia gouldi, Bs - Bankia spp. Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 1 60 T 2T 15 Tn,485 T 210 T 260 T 1400 T 1 2 1T 3 3 4 4A 5 I 6 7 8 1T 9 10 10A 10B 11 1 Bs, 6 T 3T 1T 12 2 Bg,1 T 13 14 15 16B 17 I
- Short-term panels removed January through June,1983 were free of teredinid borers.
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7 The results of analyses of T. navalis densities by bioyear indicated few significant differences: ' 77/78 83/84 78/79 81/82 80/81 82/83 76/77 79/80 l l l These results indicate that although there has been a decline in the abundance I of T. navalls over the past several years, there has been no overall statistically significant I trend in T. navalis densities during the course of the program. No unusual change in gonad development patterns from what has been reported previously was noted for the present report period (see Appendix B). Early active stages occurred in February and March,1984, at a time when the shipworms were preparing for ! the spring spawning period. Spawning and setting occurred throughout the spring, summer I and fall. Early and late active stages again predominate into the late fall, the result of development in shipworms that were spawned and set during mid- to late-summer. Abundance and Distribution of Bankia gouldi Bankia gouldi occurred in long-term panels at 13 of the 20 stations from December,1983 through November,1984, a decrease of two stations over the same period I last year. The total of 335 B_. gouldi collected in long-term panels represents a decrease of 89 individuals from what was collected during the previous report period (Table A-21, Appendix A). An individual B_. gouldi was collected in September and two in October at Station 1, the first time that B. gouldi has been collected at Station I since November, 1976. An analysis of spatial variation of B. gouldi densities during the present report period produced the following station grouping: I 2 3 4 61016B 1715 4A 910A 1510B 7 81312 1411 I Comparisons among stations, using all available data, produced the following I I grouping: 21716B 13 9 6 4A 10 815 410B 7 510A 121314 11 I l l
I - 8 This pattern is exactly the same as that presented in the previous report (Hillman et al.,1984), and is generally similar to what has been reported previously (Maciotek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al.,1983). It can be concluded that B. gouldi densitics at stations in the vicinity of the I OCNGS discharge (Stations 5, 6, 7 and 8) are not radically different from those at any other site. It is also apparent that Stations 10A,11 12,13 and 14 have significantly elevated densities. Comparison of B. gouldi abundance across bioyears, using data from all complete bioyears (July,1976 through June,1984) produced the following pattern: 82/83 31/82 78/79 80/81 83/84 77/78 76/77 79/80 This pattern of overlapping significance is difficult to interpret, but it does appear to reverse somewhat the pattern of decreasing B. gouldi abundance discussed in last year's report (Hillman et al.,1984). Gonadal development in B,. gouldi followed a seasonal pattern similar to that reported throughout the study (e.g., Hillman et al.,1984). Early active stages were found from December through May, with those found in December and January probably in that stage from the previous fall. Spawning began in June and continued through October. Abundance and Distribution of Limnoria During the present report period, the crustacean woodborer, Limnoria, was present at Stations 1,2, 3, 4,4A, and 5, a distribution pattern the same as it was during the previous report period. I Attack continued high at Stations 2 and 4A although it was considerably less at Station 4A than during the previous report period. Attack continued to decline at Station l 4, and also was down at Station 3. l l
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l l l 9 i CONCLUSIONS The following major conclusions were reached on the basis of data collected since July,1975:
- 1. Over the past five report periods,. there has been a decline in the overall abundance of teredinids occurring in long-term (6-month) panels. The decline is not yet statistically significant.
- 2. The significant decline in the abundance of Bankia gouldi, reported in the previous report, may have leveled off during the present report period. The number of I stations at which B. gouldi was collected decreased slightly over the present report period.-
- 3. Population dynamics of Teredo navalis continue to remain relatively stable. Most T. navalis are collected at Station 1, and although the numbers of T. navalis collected there this year declined, the overall percentage of T. navalis contributed by Station I collections increased from 80 percent last year to 87 percent this year. This is due largely to declines in abundance at Stations 2,11 and 17. These stations I remain, however, as the principal stations at which T.
navalis is collected. If. Reproductive patterns of both Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi have remained consistent, and apparently unaffected by the OCNGS discharge.
- 5. Attack by the crustacean woodborer Limnoria moderated somewhat during the present report period. Limnoria continues to be restricted in its distribution in the bay, and has not been collected from any stations in the OCNGS discharge area.
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10 i References Cited l 1 I Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the i I period December 1,1981 to November 30, 1982 to GPU Nuclear Corporation. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, MA. l l Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984. Study of Woodborer I Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, l Massachusetts. Maciolek-Blake, N.J., R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore, and P.I. Feder. 1981. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. I Annual Report for the period December 1,1979 to November 30,1980 to Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Massachusetts. Report No. 15040. I : I ! I I l E l 1 i i l 1 l 1 I
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I 1 I l l l l APPENDIX A I
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I I~ APPENDIX A I EXPOSURE PANELS 1 Table of Contents Page In tr od u ctio n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Materials and Me thods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 Fiehl............................................................... A-1 Laboratory.......................................................... A-7 Statist ical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-12 Re seits ane Disc.ssi n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 g . Modification to Panel Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-17 Species Identified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 Short-term (1-Month) Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-18 Dest r u ction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 Identifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-20 I. ' Long-term (6-Month) Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-26 Species Distribution and Dominance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-35 Te redo navalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-47 Bankia gou ld i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-52 De struction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-57 Long-term (12-Mon th) Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-66 i Limnoria............................................................ A-66 Re fe re nces Ci ted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-72 , 1 I i I I I , _ , . h
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List of Tables I Table A-1. Geographical Locations of Battelle New England Marine I Research Laboratory's Exposure Panel Arrays in Barnegat Bay, New 3ersey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-3 Table A-2.
- Rating Scale for Teredinid and Limnoria Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-9 Table A-3. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-term Panels Removed Monthly from December,1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-19 Table A-4. Percent Destruction of Short-term Panels Removed Monthly from December,1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-21 Table Ai3. Total Amount of Teredinid Settlement in Short-term Panels from July,1975 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-22 I Table A-6. Mean Percent Destruction of Short-term Panels Removed July Through November,1975 Through 1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-23 I Tat le A-7. Summary of Number of Occurrences of Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, All Teredo, Bankia gouldi and Teredinidae on One-Month Panels in Barnegat Bay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-24 Table A-8. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed December 5-6,1983 .... A-27
', Table A-9. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed January 9-10,1984 . . . . . A-28 Table A-10, Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed February 13-14, 1984 ... A-29 Table A-11. Incidence of Teredinihae in Panels Removed March 19-20, 1984 ..... A-30 I Table A-12. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed April 16-17,1984 . . . . . . A-31 Table A-13. : Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed May 14-15,1984 . . . . . . . A-32 Table A-14. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed June 11-12,1984 . . . . . . . A-33 Table A-15. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed July 9-10,1984 . . . . . . . . A-34
. Title AJ6. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed August 13-14, 1984 ..... A-36 E Table A-17. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed September 10-11, 1984.. A-37 Table A-18. Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed October 8-9,1984 . . . . . . A-38 Table A-19. Incidence of Teredin'idae in Panels Removed November 12-13, 1984 ........................................................ A-39 I -
9 I
I I l I List of Tables (continued) l I l Table A-20.. Number of Teredo navalis in 6-Month Panels Removed July,1975 l Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . ............................ A-40 J Table A-21. Number of Bankia gouldiin 6-Month Panels Removed July, I 1975 Through November,1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-43 l Table A-22. Presence and Dominance of Species of Teredinidae in Long-term Panels Removed from December,1983 Through November,1984..... A-46 Table A-23. Analysis of Variance of Loge (1 + Abedance) of Teredo navalis Based on Long-term (6-Month) Panels Removed July,1976 Through November,1984, With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, May or J u ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-48 Table A-24. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Teredo navalis Based I on Long-term (6-month) Panels Removed July,1976 Through November,1984, With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, May or June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-49 Table A-25. Analysis of Variance of Loge (1 + Abundance) of Bankia gouy Based on Long-term (6-month) Panels Removed July,1976, I Through November,1984, With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, May or June . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-53 I Table A-26. Analysis of Variance of Presence / Absence of Bankia gg Based on Long-term (6-Month) Panels Removed July,1976 Through November,1984 With the Exception of Panels Removed in April, Ma y or Ju ne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54 Table A-27. Average Percent Destruction to Long-term Panels Over Breedin Seasons.................................................g..... A-61 Table A-28. Rank of Stations in Descending Order of Teredinid Attack . ......... A-62 3 Table A-29. Number of Times Each Station was Ranked in Each of the First lE Ten Places in Terms of Percent Teredinid Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-63 l Table A-30. Relative Ranking of Stations in Terms of Percent Teredinid Attack from 1975 Through 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-64' I I I
I I I List of Tables (continued) Table A-31. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Pancis Submerged May, 1983 and Re moved May, 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-67 Table A-32. Incidence of Teredinidae in 12-Month Paneh Sthmerged June, 19 83 - Re moved June, 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-68 Table A-33. Incidence of Limnoria in 6-Month (P) and 1-Month (C) Exposure Panels Removed December,1983 Through November,1984 .. . . . . . . . A-69 List of Figures I Figure A-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographical Locations of Exposu re Pane h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-2 Figure A-2. Exposure Panel Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-8 Figure A-3. Rating of Teredinid Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-10 Figure A-4. Rating of Limnoria Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-ll Figure A-5. Percent Destruction by Teredinids to Long-term (6-month) Exposure Panels from July,1975, through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-58 Figure A-6. Average Annual Number of Limnoria Tunnels in Long-term (6-month) Panels from 1976 Through 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-71 I I I I I .I
I A-1 APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PANELS Introduction I The study conducted by Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory of the populations of woodboring molluscs in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, began in June,1975 I at the request of the Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Since that time, racks of exposure panels have been deployed at 17 to 20 stations in the bay, in an effort to determine whether the operation of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station (OCNGS)is having an effect on the distribution, abundance and/or reproductive patterns of woodborers found in the bay. Previous reports (Richards et al., 1976, 1978, 1979, 1980; Maciolek-Blake et I al.,1981,1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984) presented results of the study for each annual period. The present report discusses data collected from December 1,1983 through November 30,1984, and presents an analysis of data collected since the initiation of the program in 1975. Materials and Methods I Field . Exposure panel arrays are maintained in Barnegat Bay at twenty stations (Figure A-1, Table A-1). The seventeen original stations, studied since June,1975, were selected to include locations that were repres tative of different enviroveital regimes within the bay, as well as areas determined to be within and beyond the influence of the thermal discharge frocn the OCNGS. One station (4A) was added in April,1977, and two stations (10A and 10B) were added in April,1978. The original site for Station 16 was discontinued and 16A was established in December,1981. That site was discontinued in June,1982 and 16B established at that time. At the time of the November,1983 panel I exchange period, the exposure panel rack at Station I was moved to the opposite side of the bulkhead and about 40 feet closer to shore. The exposure panel rack at Station 7 was I
A-2
,g@ MANASouAN SRIELLg INLET I 4 ASO POINT PLEASANT
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INTR ACOASTAL - I WATERWAY CAN AL MANTOLOKING
* \
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/
S I > 16 9 SLOOP I CREEK ATLANTIC OCEAN HOLLY PARK 4 0* STOUTS CREEK f to 108 ( SEDGE ISLANO 1, I CYSTER CREEK / 9( 5$ ()t0A OYSTER ((CREEK 7l6 Ko 2 SARNEGAT INLET 3 I NUCLEAR GEN? RATING STATION g,g BARNEGAT BEACN
,A 4
1 SARNgGAT { CITY CONK (IN
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[ SARNEGAT INLET, NEW JERSEY Latevee 39 45 8 N Lonqptuce 74 06.0 W i g FIGURE A-1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING M GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF EXPOSURE PANELS
W W M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-1. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF BATTELLE NEW ENGLAND MARINE RESEARCH LABORATORY'S EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAYS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude , Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 1. Barnegat Coast Guard Finger Pier WC1 . Lat. 390 45.8'N Station, Barnegat Inlet Bulkhead WFCL 1948-1967 Long. 740 06.5'W
- 2. Ashton Marina Bulkhead . WC 13,14 Lat. 390 40'N 1450 Bay Ave. Long. 74013'W Manahawkin i
- 3. Iggie's Marina Bulkhead WC 16,17,18,19 Lat. 390 45'N w East Bay Ave. Long. 74012.5'W Barnegat (Conklin Island) l
- 4. Liberty Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 390 47'N Washington Ave. R. Turner Long. 740 11'W Waretown Rutgers U.
4- A * . Holiday Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 390 48'N Lighthouse Drive R. Turner Long.740 ll'W Waretown Rutgers U.
- 5. Mouth of Oyster Creek, Dock WC 29,30 Lat. 390 48.5'N
, Lot 4, Compass Road Rutgers U. Long. 740 10.3'W
- Offshore End
- 6. Oyster Creek No.1 Dock Lat. 390 48.5'N Lagoon, Inshore End Long. 740 10.35'W 37 Capstan Drive
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-1. (Continued) Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 7. Private Dock End of Dock WC 27,28 Lat. 390 48.5'N Dock Ave. R. Turner Long. 74011.I'W Oyster Creek Rutgers U.
Sands Pt. Harbor Waretown 8.* 1500 Ft. East of Bulkhead WC 26 Lat. 390 48.7'N Oyster Creek-R.R. Bridge Rutgers U. Long. 74012'W > Discharge Canal 1 9.* Forked River Metal Pier WC 31 Lat.390 49.2'N South Branch Long. 74012.2'W Intake Canal
- 10. Teds Marina Pier WC 33,34 Lat. 390 30.I'N Bay Ave. Long. 740 ll.6'W Forked River 10 A *. Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 390 49'N 1217 Aquarius Ct. Long. 74010'W Forked River 10B*. Private Dock Under Dock Lat.390 49.4'N 1307 Beach Blvd. Long. 74010.l'W Forked River
- 11. Forked River Bulkhead WC 35 Lat.390 49.7'N (near mouth) Rutgers U. Long. 74010'W 1413 River View Drive
m m m m M M M M M M m W W W M M M M TABLE A-1. (Continued) Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 12. Stouts Creek Bulkhead WC 38,40s 41 Lat. 390 50.5'N 1273 Capstan Drive R. Turner Long. 740 08.8'W Wurtz Rutgers U.
l
- 13. Rocknak's Yacht Basin End of Pier WC 46 Lat. 390 52'N
- Seaview Ave. Long. 740 09'W Lanoka Harbor Cedar Creek
- 14. Dicks Landing Pier WC 49 Lat. 390 54'W f, Island Drive R. Turner Long. 740 08.I'W Bayville (Holly Park) Nelson
- 15. Winter Yacht Basin Inc. Pier WC57 Lat. 400 02.5'N Rt.523 Long. 740 04.9'W Mantoloking Bridge
- 16. Berkely Yacht Basin Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 55.9'N J. Street Long. 740 04.9'W Seaside 16A*. Municipal Dock Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 56.6'N Seaside Heights Long. 740 04.9'W 168*. Bayside Boats Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 390 56.6'N State Highway No. 35 and Long. 740 04.9'W Bay Boulevard Seaside Heights, N3 4
m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M. M TABLE A-1. (Continued) Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 17. Island Beach Pier WC 68 Lat. 390 47.l'N State Park Long. 740 05.9'W (Sedge Island)
All exposure panel racks suspended in a minimum water depth at mean low water of at least three feet. Racks hung with
. nylon line from existing structures so the bottom panels are close to, but not touching the bottom.
WC = Woodward-Clyde WFCL = William F. Clapp Laboratories 7 m
- Site 4-A installed April,1977.
Sites 10A,10B installed April,1978. Site 16 discontinued November,1981. Site 16A installed December,1981 - discontinued June,1982. Site 16B installed June.1982. Sites 8 and 9 moved from original locations November,1983. ,
I A-7 relocated into deeper water at the end of the same dock. Station 8 was changed to a company-owned dock about 200 feet nearer the mouth of Oyster Creek. Also, Station 9 was changed to a company-owned property about 2,000 feet closer to the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. All of the stations are accessible by land, and all panel arrays are placed near or suspended from existing structures such as docks and bulkheads. The panels are mounted on an iron frame (Figure A-2) which is submerged vertically to within 6 inches of the bottom. Each array consists of seven 25.4 cm x 8.9 cm x 1.9 cm untreated soft pine panels, plus two similar panels which have received a 20-pound treatment of marine-grade creosote. Panels labeled 1-6 are exposed for six months I and are referred to as "long-term panels" or "P". The panel exposed for 1 month is called the "short-term panel" and is labeled "C". In adddition, two "special panels" are mounted on each rack. These "special panels" are exposed for 12 months, and are removed and replaced in May and June of each year. These panels provide specimens for histological analysis of the gonads (see Appendix B), and also yield additional data on the occurrence of woodborer species in Barnegat Bay (see below). The field work was taken over by GPU personnel in March,1982, and they are now responsible for preparation, replacement, and shipment of the panels to Battelle's laboratory in Duxbury, Massachusetts, where the panels are processed for borer abundance and distribution information. The procedures for preparation and replacement are similar . to those used by Battelle until March,1982. Panels are seasoned for two weeks in sterilized seawater before being placed on the array. During the second full week of each month, one long-term and one short-term panel are removed from each array and replaced with a new seasoned panel. Upon removal, each panel is wrapped in newspaper and placed in an ice-filled cooler for shipment to Battelle. Creosoted panels are not removed, but are cleared of fouling I organisms and inspected in situ for evidence of attack by the woodboring isopod Limnoria. Laboratory At the laboratory, panels are refrigerated until they are examined. Examination of each panelincludes determination of the species, numbers, and size of the i borers (Teredinidae and Limnoria) present, and the extent of destruction of the panel (Table A-2, Figures A-3 and A-4). Notations of sexual conditions and presence of larvae are made if appropriate. The primary reference sources used for species identification
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A-9 TABLE A-2. RATING SCALE FOR TEREDINID AND LIMNORIA ATTACK Teredinidae No. of tubes Percent per panels filled
- Attack Rating 1-5 5 Trace 6-25 5-10 Slight 26-100 11-25 Moderate 101-250 26-50 Medium heavy 251-400 51-75 Heavy 400+** 76-100 Very heavy
- Percent filled depends upon size of specimens present in panels.
** Arbitrary number assigned to panels 76-100 filled.
I Limnoria No. of tunnels Total no. per sq. inch of tunnels Attack Rating 1 1-85 Trace 10 86-350 Slight I 25 50 75 851-2125 2126-4250 4251-6375 Moderate Medium heavy Heavy 100* 6375-8500 Very heavy
- Ratings of approximately 100 per square inch indicate the maximum density beycnd which it is impossible to count.
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he A-12 are Turner, 1966, 1971; Bartsch,1908; Purushotham and Raos,1971; Clapp,1923,1925; and Menzies, 1951, 1959. Verification of identifications are periodically requested from Dr. Ruth Turner, Harvard University or Dr. K. Elaine Hoagland, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences. l Statistical Analysis Data reduction and analysis for this report followed procedures used for previous reports. Most analyses were conducted using the VAX 11-780 system at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the SPSS-X statistical package. Changes in SPSS since the previous report required complete rewriting of all analytical programs but did not affect either the procedures or their application. f As in previous years, few organisms were found on the short-term panels and statistical analyses were carried out on data from long-term (6-month) panels only. Parameters analyzed included presence / absence and abundance of Bankia gouldi and Teredo navalis, percent destruction, and various physical parameters. Analyses of variance were carried out on presence / absence data and loge (abundance + 1) for B. gouldi and T. navalls. Tests were run on data collected from January,1976 through November,1984 and also on data from the most recent calendar year (December,1983 through December,1984) and the most recent complete bioyear (July,1983 through June,1984). Data from 1975 were excluded because of the incomplete data set collected in that year. Extremely few specimens have been recorded from long-term panels removed in April, May and June; therefore, these months have also been excluded from certain analys,es. Based on our previous examination of their negligible impact on the data set (Maciotek-Blake et al.,1981) occasional long-term panels which may have been exposed for less than the full six months were included. In previous years, the factorial ANOVA was conducted on both the original factors of month, station and biological year (i.e. "bioyear" - July to Jne, corresponding to the breeding season of the Teredinidae) and the summary factors of season, region, and bioyear. In order to simplify fitting the ANOVA model, 2-way and 3-way interactions were based on these summary factors. The computer resources necessary to process this ANOVA increase as the square of the product of the number of categories for each factor. Hence, as the data set increases linearly each year, the computing resources needed to i process it increase exponentially.
l E A-13 With the addition of this year's data, the ANOVA program (SPSS, Inc.,1983) i, using original factors (month, station, bioyear) would require more. memory than is presently available on the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's VAX/11-780 computer. Accordingly, we have conducted the analysis using only summary factors and are
~
continuing to investigate alternative solutions for this problem. The summary factors are I derived by grouping the months into seasons (winter = January, February, March; spring (deleted for biological variables) = April, May, June; summer = July, August, September; and fall = October, November, December) and stations into regions (Region 1 (near OCNGS) = Stations 5,6,7 and 8; Region 2 (south) = Stations 2,3,4 and 4A; Region 3 (east)
= Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near north) = Stations 9,10,10A,10B and 11; and Region 5 (north) = Stations 12,13,14,15 and 16B). Both groupings are the same as those used in previous reports.
in addition to the analyses based on bioyear conducted similarly to those in previous reports, we have conducted a similar analysis to investigate the potential effect f the extended OCNGS shutdown on biological and water quality variables in the study I lu area. This was performed in a manner analogous to that described above, but a dichotomous dummy variable representing plant operating status was used in place of bioyear. This was set to "0" (i.e. operational) for data collected prior to February,1983 and to "1" (i.e. non-operational) for data collected since that time. Although we recognize that this crude division does not accurately represent the complex variation in plant load and capacity factor prior to the outage, it should be sufficient to indicate any I gross changes in the area due to the recent extended outage. All ANOVAS were carried out using the ANOVA procedure of the SPSS-X statistical package (SPSS, Inc.,1983). Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were used to quantify the systematic variation detected by the analysis of variance procedures. This output, which is a display
, rather than a particular test, provides information about the patterns of effects of each factor, and therefore, about the reasons underlying significant effects observed in the analysis of variance calculations. It is appropriate only if the interactions among factors are not practically or statistically significant.
The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted deviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of I. each factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e., I E
i E A-14 main effects only and not interactions) and estimating the effects of the levels of each factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and unadjusted deviations should be similar. The Bonferroni t-statistic (Miller, 1966) was used to compare means of treatment levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that I have been observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity. Let X I, X ,2...Xk be k sample means based on N 1, N ,2 ...Nk observations respectively. Let M1 , M2, Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample averages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor undec .tudy. Let s2 = error SS/ error df denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on v degrees of freedom. I Suppose we wish to make r pairwise comparisons among M1 , M2, ...M k . For example, to test Ho Mi = Mj i / j = 1, ..., k we must make r = k (k-1) pairwise 2 comparisons. Ho will be rejected at significance level a,1f '
~
i j t(v;1-a/2r) i j I for any oair i, j where t ( p ; I - a/r) is the upper a/2r point of the student t distribution with v d.f. I This procedure leads to the confidence intervals 71 - 7) - t (v 1- v2ris vi + 1 2: 1 - n) 71-73 + e ( p, 1 a/2r)s vL+ L ni nj ni n) with overall probability 1-a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. The
.neans Mi , Mj are significantly different if the confidence interval does not contain zero.
E D I
l E A-15 I Student-Newman-Keuls (SNK) Multiple Range Test is used to compare the means of treatment levels following an analysis of variance, in order to determine the reasons for significant effects that have been observed. It is based on a succession of tests utilizing Tukey's studentized range statistic. Let X I, X ,2... Xk denote the sample averages in groups 1,2, ... k based on ni, n2, ... nk observations respectively. Let pi, p2, ..., Uk, be the corresponding population means. Let s2 denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on v d.f. I The SNK procedure assumes ni, = n2 tolerated.
= nk, but minor differences in the nj's can be We wish to determine which means are statistically significantly different I from one another at significance level a.
Let X i(1) 5 X (2) i 5 X (3)i < ... < X (k) i denote the ordered mean values, from smallest to largest. Let pi(1), Mi(2), > Ui(k) denote the corresponding population means. Let q (1- a; v, r) denote the upper a point of Tukey's studentized range statistic with v degress of freedom and based on r groups. X If i(k) - E (1)i S n I then all the means p ,42 e k are declared to be equal. The procedure we use accommodates slightly unequal nj's by comparing i(k) i(1) with q (1-a;v,k) s 1/2 /1 + 1 3 "i(k) "i(1)) II Ei (k) - E (1) i
> q(1-a;v,k) s 1/2 /1 +1 )
("i(k) "i (1)j I I I - 4
1 ( A-16 I then compare ) L i - i 1(k-1) 1(1) y _1) s + 1 [ 1/2["1 Y \ i(k) "i(2)) r and compare f L - i(k) i(2) with q(1-a;v,k-1) s [ 2 [1
+1
\
\"i(k) "i ( 2 )/
If, for example, X (k-1) - Xj(1) is not significantly large, then i(1), (2), - l i(k-1) are considered to be ng significantly different. This process is continued with subsets of size k-2 within significant subsets of size k-1; subsets of size k-3 within significant subsets of size k-2, etc. At each stage i 1(p+h) -i i(p) is compa red with q (1-a ; v,h+1) s i +1 ("i(p+h) "i (p )/ f L At the conclusion of this process, the means pi, pj are declared significantly different at
, level a if X i, Xj did ng fall within any nonsignificant subset.
( An unweighted least squares regression fit of the destruction data on species abundance data was made. The percent destruction data were transformed into logits, where percent values of 0-100 were assigned values of P = 0-1 to denote proportion. The { logit (proportion destruction) = loge g. This transformation converts the (0,1) scale into a (-oo, +oo) scale, and stretches out the extreme values at both ends, allowing greater resolution. Abundance data were transformed into toge (1 + abundance). { l ( -- - -- -
I A-17 The regression model used was: - I Y = logit(prop. destr.) = 6o + B 1 in (1 + T. navalis) + 6 2 ni (1 + B_. gouldi) + I B 3 In (1 + Teredo spp.) + S 4 (1 + T. bartschi) + S5 n i (1 + Teredinidae) + E. where S = the unknown regression coefficient and E = error or unexplained variability. I This regression analysis was carried out using the Regression procedure of SPSS-X. Analysis of variance was carried out on residuals of the regression fit.
. Results and Discussion I Modifir- to Panel Exposure i During the present report period, there were some deviations from the routine I protocol. These are reported below. None was considered serious enough to affect the overall data base.
In February, the dock from which the panel rack was suspended at Station 17 collapsed from borer attack. The rack was moved to a dock approximately 50 feet south of the previous location. Because of severe borer attack at Station 17, the long-term panel which was to have been removed in February,1984 had to be removed in December,1983. The I results of the inspection of that panel are included in this report. Due to bad weather, the field trip to remove panels in March had to be rescheduled from the second week to the third week. During the June 12 panel exchange, the creosoted panel at Station 17 was inadvertantly removed and sent to the laboratory in Duxbury. The panel was returned to GPU Nuclear and reinstalled at Station 17 on July 10. On September 10, during the panel exchange trip, the rack at Station 8 was found to have been pulled out of the water. It was resubmerged at that time. At Station 3 during the same trip, one creosoted panet was found missing. It was replaced. The creosoted panel at Station 11 was removed for examination on November I 11, and then replaced. I . I - - - . - -- --
I A-18 Species Identified I For the second consecutive report period, only two species of molluscan woodborers, the teredinids Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi, were identified from short-term and long-term panels. Teredo bartschi, a key species in previous reports, has not been recovered from any panels since February,1982. A fourth species, T. furcifera, which was of concern during the early years of the program, has not been identified from I any panel since March,1977. Crustacean woodborers, identified as Limnoria cf. tuberculata (see Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982), were again found at several stations. Short-Term (1-Month) Panels I Short-term panels, those exposed for a one-month period, provide data on the I annual occurrence of shipworm larval settlement, the stations at which settlement occurs, survival of the juveniles, and the amount of growth that can take place m one month. Since the panels are now retrieved nearer the middle of each month, the results reflect I activity during the end of the previous month and the beginning of the month in which the panels were removed. The species and number of teredinids found in short-term panels during the present report period are shown in Table A-3. Settlement was occurring at least as late as late-November and possibly into early December,1933, at Station 1. Although the teredinids were too small to identify to I species, they were probably T. navalis. The first settlement of the bioyear on short-term panels was on the panels retrieved in July from Stations 1, 8, and 11. Setting persisted at Station 1 through the November retrieval period, and at Station 11 through the September panel retrieval. Very light settlement also occurred in August at Station 2 and in September at Station 12. The data shown in Table A-3 represent slight change from the short-term panel data of the previous report (Hillman et al.,1984). During that report period, settlement on short-term panels occurred at nine stations: 1, 2, 8,11,12,13,14,15 and
- 17. In the present report period it was limited to five stations: 1, 2, 8,11 and 12. Over 95 percent of the settlement occurred at Station 1 both years.
I No settlement occurred for the third consecutive year at Station 7, a site where considerable settlement usually occurred during the summer months. I
l I-A-19 TABLE A-3. NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS I REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984* T = Teredinidae; Tn = Teredo navalis; Ts = Teredo spp; Bg = Bankia gouldi, Bs = Bankia spp. I Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 1 60 T 2T 15 Tn,485 T 210 T 260 T 1400 T 2 1T 3 I 4A 5 6 7 8 1T 9 10 10A 10B I 11 1 Bs, 6 T 3T 1T 12 2 Bg, l T I 13 14 15 16B 17 I
- Short-term panels removed January through June,1983 were free of teredinid borers.
I I
~
I j
I A-20 The amount of destruction to short-term panels (Table A-4) again remained at less than 1 percent except at Station 1, where it was 2 percent during August and September. This is less than the 5 percent recorded during the previous report period (Hillman et al.,1984), and far less than the 15 and 75 percent for the two previous years respectively (Hillman et al.,1983; Maciotek-Blake et al.,1982). I A comparison of the total number of teredinids settling on short-term panels each year from 1975 through November,1984 is shown in Table A-5. Total set during the present report period was close to what it was during the previous report period, but 99 percent of that set occurred at Station 1. Destruction. The average percent destruction of short-term panels for each year from July,1975 through November,1984 is shown in Table A-6. Destruction was generally very light at the five sites where there was borer settlement on short-term panels. At Station 1, destruction was only 1.4 percent, and that was more than twice the destruction at Station 11, the next nearest station in terms of attack in short-term panels. Identifications. Individuals are only infrequently identified to species from I short-term panels because their size is usually less than 10 mm, and specific taxonomic features are not fully distinguishable. During this report period, Teredo navalis was identified only at Station 1 in August, and Bankia gouldi was identified at Station 12 in September (Table A-3). The remaining identifications were either at the generic or family level. Over 2000 short-term panels have been examined since the beginning of this program in 1975. Table A-7 presents summaries for family, genus, and species I identifications made from these collections. Teredo furcifera, not collected since March, 1977, has been excluded. The number of Teredo navalis identified during this report period (500) was up considerably from last year's 40, but the overall number of Teredinidae reported through November, 1984 (2,388), was only down slightly from last year. For all practical purposes, the total settlement of teredinids on short-term panels during this report period was about I what it was last year. The pattern of occurrence of teredinids on short-term panels during the present report period was, again, generally similar to what it has been in previous years. I Most of the settlement has come at Station 1 (Region 3), an area not affected by the zone of thermal influence. Much of that settlement probably comes from spawning individuals located outside of Barnegat Bay proper. I E -
I l A-21 i TABLE A-4. PERCENT DESTRUCTION OF SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH
. NOVEMBER,1984*
I Site Dec Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov l 1 <1 <1 2 2 1 1 2 <1 3 4 4A 5 I e 7 8 <1 9 10 8 10A 10B 11 <1 <l <1 12 <l 13 14 15 16B 17
- Teredinids were not 'present in short-term panels removed from January through June,1984.
I I I -
I A-22 1 TABLE A-5. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TEREDINID SETTLEMENT IN SHORT-TERM PANELS FROM JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 I Site
~
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 I 1 8199 1090 654 1015 535 88 1396 1425 2353 2372 2 17 2 1 8 1 1 I 3 9 2 4 6 2 3 4 ' 4A 6 5 4562 2 4 75 754 4 9 2 6 2886 1 15 171 2 7 4 3 241 2983 3698 10 301 I 8 9 1 4 1 1 1 1 10 2 2 5 10A 1 54 1 3 1 10B 6 1 11 375 71 28 5 378 14 6 33 6 11 12 34 1 5 1 13 4 1 2 3 I 13 14 142 308 10 20 9 8 4 8 16 69 2 1* 12 15 65 15 3 5 1 3 1 16 2 17 117 3 6 19 13 Totals 16667 1207 957 4108 5731 127 1729 1483 2457 2388 I
- No panels examined in October and November.
I - I
\
l i A-23 TABLE A-6. MEANPERCENTDESTRUCTIONOFSHORT-TERMPANELSREMOVED DURING THE JULY THROUGH NOVEMBER PERIOD,1975 THROUGH I 1984* I Site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1 13.0 3.6 2.8 1.6 L.4 0.8 16.0. 3.4 2.4 1.4 2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 I 3 4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 4A - - 0.4 5 14.0 *
- 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.8 0.4 0.4 0.4 6 11.6 0.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 7 1.0 *
- 0.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 0.8 0.8 8 0.3 *
- 0.2 0.2 0.2 9 ** 0.2 0.2 10 0.4 0.2 0.4 I 10A 0.2 1.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 10B - - -
0.4 0.2 11 9.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 5.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 12 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 13 3.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.2 *
- 0.4 14 11.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 l 15 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
[ 16/16B 0.2 0.2 17 3.8 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 l [ Station 4A established April,1977. g Station 10A and 10B established April,1978. 3 Station 16B established June,1982. . * <1% destruction treated as 1% in averages. ! ** Incomplete data. 1 I' lI lI -
I A-24 TABLE A-7.
SUMMARY
OF NUMBER OF OCCURRENCES OF Teredo navalis, Teredo bartschi, ALL Teredo, Bankia gouldi AND TEREDINIDAE ON I SHORT-TERM PANELS IN BARNEGAT BAY Months are Grouped by Season (Winter = 3an, Feb, Mar; Spring = Apr, I May, June; Summer = Jul, Aug, Sep; Fall = Oct, Nov, Dec), and Stations are grouped by Region: Region 1 (near OCNGS): Stas. 5, 6, 7, 8; Region 2 (south): Stas. 2,3,4,4A; Region 3 (east): Stas.1,16,17; I Region 4 (near north): Stas. 9,10,10A,10B,11; Region 5 (north): Stas.12,13,14,15. I Teredo navalis: Identified a Total of 1984 Times Year No. Season No. Region No. 1975 0 Winter 1 0 1976 2 Spring 0 2 2 1977 1 Summer 1984 3 1976 I 1978 1 Fall 0 4 6 1979 10 5 0 I 1980
~1981 1982 0
1369 61 1983 40 1984 500 Teredo bartschi: Identified a Total of 21 Times 1975 0 Winter 0 1 20 1976 0 Spring 0 2 0 Summer I 1977 2 17 3 0 1978 4 Fall 4 4 1 1979 6- 5 0 1980 1 I 1981 1982 1983 8 0 0 1984 0 All Teredo*: Identified a Total of 2053 Times I 1975 1976 1977 7 6 4 Winter Spring Summer 0 0 2047 1 2 3 41 7 1995 I 1978 1979 1980 7 21 2 Fall 6 4 5 9 1 1981 1391 I 1982 1983 1984 74 41 500 I . I
I s A-25 1 TABLE A-7. (continued) t, , I Year I No. Season No. Region No. All Bankla**: Identified a Total of 87 Times 1975 17 Winter 0 1 13 I 1976 1977 1978 6 8 4 Spring Summer Fall 0 87 0 2 3 4 5 3 30 1979 13 5 36 I 1980 1981 1982 9 16 3 I 1983 1984 1 10 Teredinidae * * *: Identified a Total of 8248 Times 1975 47 Winter 1 1 374 1976 21 Spring 0 2 23 I 1977 1978 1979 26 23 52 Summer Fall 6023 2222 3 4 5 7614 90 147 1980 22 - 1981 1729 1982 1393 1983 2547 1984 2388 I
- Includes T. navalis, T. bartschi and Teredo spp.
Includes Bankia gouldi and Bankia sp. I **
- Includes T. navalis, T. bartschi, Teredo spp., Bankia gouldi, Bankia sp. and TeredinicTae I e I
I I-
I A-26 Long-term (6-month) Panels 5 Regular long-term panels are those exposed for a six-month period. The results obtained "from these panels give an integrated view of woodborer activity, including reproduction, settlement, and survival, over the entire period for which the panel has been exposed. Numbers and species of teredinids found in long-term panels during the present reporting period are shown in Tables A-8 (December,1983) through A-I 19 (November,1984). Panels submerged in June,1983 and retrieved in December,1983 (Table A-8) contained specimens ranging from less than 1 mm up to 460 mm. The 460 mm specimen of Bankia gouldi was collected at Station 10A. Other B_. gouldi up to 410 mm were collected at Station 5, and up to 400 mm at Station 12. These are larger than any teredinides collected in the past several years. As in previous years, the size ranges of specimens collected during January and February (Tables A-9 and A-10) declined somewhat from those found in December, but were larger overall for the December through February period than during the previous report period. The smallest individuals, those of less than 1 mm probably set in late October or November and ceased growing as I the water cooled. Teredinids were collected in March (Table A-11) from Stations 1,11,14 and
- 17. They ranged in size from less than 1 mm to 44 mm at Station 1, considerably larger than those collected in March,1983 (Hillman et al.,1984). Of the 500 specimens collected at Station 1,130 were large enough to be identified as T. navalis. The largest specimen at any of the other three stations was 12 mm at Station 11, whereas the smallest were less than 1 mm.
I Of the panels removed in April, only those from Stations 1 and 17 contained teredinids (Table A-12), all of which were in a range from less than 1 mm to 2 mm. Again, almost all of them were at Station 1, and probably represented the late fall set. In May (Table A-13), only Station 1 produced panels with teredinids in them, and they were all less than 1 mm in length. They were probably the last of the late fall larvas spawned. If they had been from a very early spring spawning, there would probably have been some juveniles on panels removed in June, but none were collected from either short-term (Table A-3) or long-Term (Table A-14) panels. As expected, the July long-term panels (Table A-15) contained young teredinids ranging in length from less than 1 mm at the three stations'(7,11 and 12) where they occurred, up to 5 mm at Station 7. These specimens would probably have come from a late May to early June spawning. I %
A-27 TABLE A-S. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER 5-6,1983. No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 400+ 99 400 Teredinidae* Only section 2"x4" received. Tubes I C 60 <1 <1 60 Teredinidae* broken. None alive. 5 P 5 35 180-410 5 B. gouldi ^ C 0 I 7 P 7 18 <l-250 6 B_. gouldi,1 I C 0 Teredinidae*
<l-335 9 B. gouldi,1 1 B. gouldi dead I
8 P 10 60 Teredinidae* C 0 I 10A C P 4 0 25 <2-460 3 B. gouldi,1 Teredo spp.* 10B P 1 4 260 1 B_. gouldi C 0 11 P 47 98 40-160 47 B. gouldi 5 C 0 I 12 P C 3 0 12 15-400 3 B. gouldi Idead 13 P 18 90 95-230 18 B. gouldi 3 dead C 0 14 P 90 90 <l-170 40 B. gouldi,2 T. I C 0 navalis,48 Teridinidae* 15 P 7 8 <l-250 1 B. gouldi,3 T. I. C 0 naTralis,3 Teridinidae* I 17 P C 23 0 15 <l-160 15 T. navalis; 8 Teredinidae
- 1 dead Stations 2-4A,6,9-10, and 16B - No Teredinidae present.
I P = Long-term panel submerged June 6-7, 1983. C = Short-term panel submerged November 7-8, 1983. ,
* = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I
I A-28 TABLE A-9. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JANUARY 9-10,1984 I No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks I 1 P* C 4001 0 99 4 T. navalis,3962 Teredinidae *
- Wood crumbling, None alive I 2 P C
1 0 2 160 1 T. navalis I 5 P C 2 0
<1 <!-l 2 Teredinidae**
7 P 2 4 <!-220 1. B. gouldi, I C 0 1 Teredinidae** I 8 P C 5 0 15 65-200 5 B. gouldi 10A P 1 <1 1 1 Teredinidae** C 0 i1 P 16 50 11-260 13 H. gouldi,3 I C 0
-T. navalis 12 P 4 230 1 B. gouldi I
1 C 0 13 P 5 20 180-200 5 B. gouldi C 0 14 P 36 85 90-240 36 B_. gouldi C 0 15 P 3 8 140-230 3 f_. navalis C 0 17 P 24 10 7-110 24 T. navalis C 0 Stations 3-4A,6,9,10,10B, and 16B - No Teredinidae present. I P = Long-term panel submerged July 5-6,1983. C = Short-term panel submerged December 5-6, 1983.
* = Long-term panel removed November 7,1983 due to severity of attack.
o* = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I A-29 TABLE A-10. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED FEBRUARY 13-14, 1984 I Station Panet No.of Specimens Percent Size Range Filled in mm. Species identification Remarks 1 P' 600+ 99 600+ Teredinidae ** Only 15% of panel received. None live. C 0 2 P 1 <2 113 1 T. navalis C 0 4 P 3 <1 <1 3 Teredinidae** C 0 5 P 1 <l 32 i B. gouldt C 0 I 10A P 1 2 145 1 T. navalis C 0 10B P 2 135 1 B. gouldi, I 1 C 0 11 P 9 5 2-165 5 B. gouldi,2 T. navalis
-2 Teredinidae"**
C 0 12 P 1 1 85 1 T. navalis C 0 I 13 P C 2 0
<1 <!-6 2 Teredinidae**
I 14 P 3 1 <!-100 2 B. gouldi, 1 Teredinidae** C 0 15 P 1 Teredinidae** I 1 <1 <1 C 0 17 P 20 2 <!-85 12 T. navalis,1 Teredo spp., 7 Teredinidae** C 0 I Stations 3,4A,6-10,16B - No Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel submerged August 1-2, 1983. C = Short-term panel submerged January 9-10, 1984.
= Long-term panel removed November 7,1983 due to severity of attack.
I ** = Not speciated due to size or condition.
A-30 I TABLE A-ll. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MARCH 19-20, 1984 I No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification 1 P 5002 10 <l-44 130 T. navalis, 370 Teredinidae* I 11 P 22 <1 <!-12 5 Teredo spp., 17 Teredinidae* l C 0 14 P 4 <1 1-5 1 Bankia spp., 3 Teredinidae* I
~
17 P 16 <1 <!-6 2 Teredo spp., 14 Teredinidae* C 0 I Stations 2-10B,12,13,15,16B - No Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel submerged September 6-7, 1983. I C = Short-term panel submerged February 13-14, 1984. I * = Not speciated due to size or condition. I l I ! I ! I l
I t A-31 I TABLE A-12. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED APRIL 16-17, 1984 ' No.of Percent Size Range
; Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification j 1 P 680 1 <l-2 680 Teredinidae*
C 0 17 P 2 <1 1 2 Teredinidae* C 0 Stations 2-16B, - No Teredinidae present.- I P = Long-term panel submerged October 4-5, 1983. C = Short-term panel submerged March 19-20, 1984.
* = Not speciated due to size.
I I I I I I I I I . - . .. . - _ .- .
I A-32 TABLE A-13. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MAY 14-15, 1984 I No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification I 1 P C 170 0
<1 <1 170 Teredinidae*
I Stations 2-17, - No Teredinidae present. I P = Long-term panel submerged November 7-8, 1983. C = Short-term panel submerged April 16-17, 1984. I * = Not speciated due to size. I I I I I I I I I - I
l A-33 1 I I TABLE A-14. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JUNE 11-12, 1984 No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Stations 1 No Teredinidae present. I I I I
A-34 TABLE A-15. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JULY 9-10,1984 I No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification 1 P 0 C 2 <1 1-2 2 Teredinidae* 7 P 1 <1 5 1 Bankia spp. C 0 8 P 9 C 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae* 11 P 9 <1 1-3 2 Bankia spp.,7 Terediniade
- C 7 <1 1-3 1 Bankia spp.,6 Teredinidae
- 12 P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae*
C 0 Stations 2-6,9-10B,13 No Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel submerged January 9-10,1984. I C = Short-term panel submerged June 11-12, 1984.
* = Not speciated due to size.
I
A-35 I The numbers of shipworms collected as well as their size range increased substantially by August (Table A-16), similar to what has been reported in previous years (e.g., Hillman et al., 1983, 1984). At Station 1, specimens ranged from less than 1 mm to 65 mm. These were primarily T. navalis. One specimen of B. gouldi was found at Station 14, but it was already 130 mm in length. At Station 11, the shipworms ranged from 19 mm to 120 mm. The numbers and sizes of teredinids on the June and July panels compared to those on the August panels indicates that spawning can occur as early as May, and possibly in late April, and growth of the young teredinids is rapid. Teredinids were collected on long-term panels in September from Stations 1, 4A, 5,10 A,11,12 and 14 (Table A-17), but only at Station I was there any substantial abundance of shipworms (351). They ranged in size from 4 mm to 110 mm. At Station 11, which was second to Station 1 in abundance with 26 shipworms, sizes ranged from 14 mm up to 205 mm. The number of stations at which teredinids were collected in long-term panels increased sharply in October (Table A-18), but the overall number of teredinids collected was not substantially greater. Teredinids were collected from 11 of the 20 stations in October, but, again, Stations 1 and 11 were responsible for 94 percent of them. Only two specimens, both T. navalis, were collected from Station 2, but they were 172 and 240 mm in length, which is large for T. navalis. The largest B. gouldi collected in October was 272 mm at Station 12. The size range at Station 11 was 10 to 250 mm and, although there were only 58 teredinids collected at that station (40 of them being B. gouldi) the size was enough to result in 97 percent of the panel being filled. By contrast, there were 297 individuals (mostly juvenile Teredinidae) at Station 1, ranging in size from 1 to 60 mm, and the panel there was also 97 percent filled. Little attack occurred at the other 9 stations. The incidence of teredinids in panels recovered in November (Table A-19) was not much different from that recorded for October. Little evidence of growth was seen, with the largest individual (265 mm) being the only B_. gouldi collected at Station 13. The panel at Station 1, where over 91 percent of all the teredinids collected from long-term panels in November occurred, was 99 percent filled. At Station 11, the 31 teredinids collected comprised about 7 percent of the November long-term collection, filling 75 percent of the panel. The remaining 2 percent of the total number of teredinids retrieved from long-term panels in November were split between 8 stations. I Species Distribution and Dominance. Tables A-20 through A-22 present a summary of the abundance of Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi, respectively, recorded I
A-36 t TABLE A-16. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED AUGUST 13-14, 1984 I No.of Percent Size Range I Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks I1 P 240 10 <1-65 50 T. navalis, Ripe gonads and 190 Teredinidae* larvae C <!-18 I 500 2 15 T. navalis, 485 Teredinidae* 2 P O C 1 <1 4 1 Teredinidae* 11 P 44 20 19-120 24 B. gouldi,20 Ripening gonads T. navalis C 3 <1 <l-1 3 Teredinidae* 14 P 2 130 1 B. gouldi 1 C 1 0 I 15 P C 1 0-
<1 <1 1 Teredinidae*
Stations 3-10B,12,13,16B and 17 - No Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel submerged February 13-14, 1984. C = Short-term panel submerged July 9-10, 1984.
* = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I I I 1 I I _ .
I A-37 I TABLE A-17. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANEL.S REMOVED SEPTEMBER 10-11, 1984. I No.of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm. Spechs Identification Remarks
!1 P 351 60 4-110 1 B. gouldi,230 T. navalis,120 Ripening gonads Teredinidae
- 1 C 210 2 <!-3 210 Teredinidae*
4A P 1 5 250 1 B. gouldi C 0 5 P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae* C 0 10A P 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae* C 0 11 P 26 60 14-205 19 B. gouldi, 7 T. navalis C 1 <l 2 1 Teredinidae* 12 P 3 <1 <!-11 2 B. gouldi,1 I C 3 <1 1-9 Teredinidae
- 2 B. gouldi,1 Teredinidae
- I14 P C
2 0
<2 45-60 2 B. goutdi Stations 2-4, 6-10,108,13,15 no Teredinidae present.
I P=Long-term panel submerged March 19-20, 1984. 13-14, 1984. I C=Short-term
*=Not speciated panel submerged due to size or condition.August I
I I
I A-38 TABLE A-18. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED OCTOBER 8-9,1984 No.of Percent Size Range Station Panet Specimens Filled in mm. Species Identification 2 B. gouldi,55 I 1 P 297 97 1-60 T. navalis, 240 Teredinidae
- C 260 1 <!-1 260 Teredinidae*
2 P 2 7 172-240 2 T. navalis C 0 5 P 1 1 75 1 B. gouldt C 0 7 P 2 <1 10-24 2 B. gouldi C 0 8 P 2 <1 4-6 2 Bankia spp.* C 0 I 9 P C 2 0 1 62-64 2 B. gouldi I 108 P C 5 0 8 <!-233 2 B. gouldi,2 T. navalis,1 Teredinidae
- 11 P $8 97 10-250 40 B. gouldi,18 C 0 T. navalis I 12 P C
5 0 13 1-272 4 B. gouldi,1 Teredinidae
- 60-118 2 B. gouldi I
14 P 2 2 C 0 17 P 1 <1 4 1 Teredo spp.* C 0 Stations 3-4A,6,10,10A,13,15 and 16B - No Teredinidae present. 'I. P = Long-term panel submerged April 16-17, 1984. I C e Short-term panel submerged September 10-11, 1984.
* = Not speciated due to size or condition.
I I - .
I A-39 TABLE A-19. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED NOVEMBER 12-13, 1984 No. of Percent Size Range Station Panel Specimens Filled in mm Species Identification Remarks 1 P 500 99 2-60 25 T. navalis,475 95% of specimens Teredinidae
- dead.
C 1400 1 <l-1 1400 Teredinidae* 2 P 3 7 155-225 3 T. navalis C 0 8 P 2 <1 1 2 Teredinidae* C 0 10B P 1 1 82 1 B_. gouldi C 0 11 P 31 75 80-235 20 B. gouldi,11 T. navalis C 0 I 12 C P 0 5 7 22-220 5 B. gouldi I 13 C P 0 1 5 265 1 B. gouldi 1 Teredinidae* I 14 P 1 2 125 Broken pallets. C 0 15 P 3 2 2-107 2 T. navalis,1 C 0 Teredinidae
- 17 P 2 <1 3-13 1 T. nava!is,1 I C 0 Teredinidae
- Stations 3-7,9-10A, and 168 - No Teredinidae present P = Long-term panel submerged May 14-15, 1984.
. C = Short-term panel submerged October 8-9, 1984.
* = Not spectated due to size or condition.
I . I I -
i I I A-40 l TABLE A-20. NUMBER OF Teredo navalis IN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 I. THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 5 - Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B- 11 12 13 14 15 16**17 I Jul
,Aug l
I nSep SOct Nov 3 10 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 37 90 Dec 17 4 3 - 1 - - 100 1 4 1 Jan Feb 60 6 5 - 1 1
- - 156 3
3 7 103 33 Mar 400 - - - Apr - - - May - - - e3un - - - 23ul I Aug 37 - - -
"Sep 423 -
1 - - 23 1 Oct 230 1 - 3 13 8 I Nov 400 - 2 - - 22 17 Dec 400 1 - 1 - - 11 1 22 . Jan 300 3 - - - 11 4 I Feb Mar Apr 400 1 4 2 May I Jun - - - R3ul , - - - lAug - - - I Sep Oct Nov 160 300 1 390 1 6 1 1 1 1 Dec 380 I 1 4 1 Jan 400 3 - - 2 4 Feb 375 - - 1 Mar 220 - - I Apr May Jun 2 - - 1 "Jul 1
*Aug 1 Sep 115 1 1 Oct 329 3 I Nov Dec.
430 5 400 3 2 3 4 i I I ,
I ! l TABLE A-20. (Continued) I Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11
~
12 13 14 15 16**17 I 3an 400 6 Feb 400 4 I 1
?Aar 30 1 Apr May I Jun E Jul
!Aug 47 1 1 19 160 2 1 Sep 450 20 2 1 2 I
1 80 2 12 3 Oct 500 23 1 2 1 20 2 1 13 3 Nov 500 17 1 1 -- 3 2 1 1 3 4 Dec 100 23 1 1 3 1 2 1 3 I Jan Feb Mar 220 13 300 12 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 110 139 1 3 7 1 7 4 Apr I May Jun o 3ul 5 I "Aug Sep Oct 1 6 35 7 200 11 1 1 3 1 1 1 29 4 8 1 1 1 1 1 2 Nov I Dec Jan Feb 300 11 300 1 350 72 1 11 8 6 1 8 2 6 I Mar Apr May 3 1 1 1 I = I Jun Jul Aug 135 1 7 2 3 Sep 800 5 4 I 1 Oct 100 1 1 5 - 3 1 Nov 190 2 2 -- 1 Dec 65 1 2 - 4 I Jan Feb Mar 45 60 23 1 8 1 2 3 2 Apr I May Jun a ]ul 1 I ! Aug Sep Oct 400 150 i 4 2 1 1 1 3 55 48 1 1 1 1 3 5 Nov I 4 82 4 5 1 1 1 Dec 150 1 5 2 2 60 2 9 I
I A-42 TABLE A-20. (Continued) Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16** 17 Jan 100 1 1 2 57 2 19 I Feb 4 27 Mar 1 Apr 10 -
"May I Jun 3u1
~Aug 10 3
Sep 650 1 1 4 I Oct 30 8 1 6 10 Nov 25 1 1 Dec 2 3 15 I Jan Feb star 4 1 130 i 1 3 2 1 3 24 12 I Apr May
,3 un
=Jul I *Aug Sep 50 230 2
20 7 18 Oct 55 2 Nov 25 3 11 2 1
* = New rack submerged September,1975.
- = Panel station not in operation.
- - = Panel missing.
' + = See Table A-1.
I I I I I I --. - - _ - .
A-43 TABLE A-21. NUMBER OF Bankia goulg IN 6-MONTH PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 I Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16**17 Jul - - I Aug
*Sep
= 0ct 3 4
2 2 13 51 47 988 2 42 268 135 14 3 2 27 27 4 - 387 16 100 335 1 323 45 340 400 8 374 50 399 400 4 3 4 5 2 1
~ Nov 1 4 4 26 - 8 100 5 2 12 Dec 12 9 15 - 4 251 46 400 400 2 10 1 1 Jan -2 14 10 - 9 18 160 1 1 1 8 1 5 220 18 399 400 2 240 22 64 400 6 1
1 Feb 2 1 5 - 2 1 1 64 8 I 8 Mar - Apr - May - I
~.3ul3un -
1 2 4 2
- Aug 2- 2 2 2 1 - -
6 2 24 7 3 Sep 3- 1 2 2 3 I 1 - - 23 5 31 11 7 Oct 1- 3 4 Nov 5-1 1 1 1 - - 11 8 26 19 i 1 4 5 33 Dec 4-1 - - 7 20 17 2 1 3 5 2 - - 31 6 21 10 3 I Jan Feb Mar 2-1 1 1 2 1 42 31 6 2 5 2 2 Apr I May - - s Jun - - m Jul - - IAug I Sep Oct 1 i 21 3 6 3
! 3 4
7 1 1 1 2 15 82 59 3 7 1 13 10 5 1 5 9 1 Nav I 1 5 7 1 - 39 7 Dec 8 5 1 4 1 7 1 2 - 25 7 18 9 Jan 2 11 1 2 2 2 1 - - 34 5 4 6 Feb - I
- I 1 1 1 Mar - -
Apr - - May lun I ~ 3ul I Aug Sep 7 1 1 2 2 1
)
I 1 2 I 14 7 9 Oct 4 1 1 5 2 30 2 6 9 1 Nov i 1 2 1 3 i 10 8 13 Dec 1 1 2 2 1 5 1 2 8 1 13 5 I I l I l
I . A-44 TABLE A-21. (Continued) I Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16**17 I Jan 3 2 1 1 8 3 17 1 I Feb Mar Apr 1 2 17 May I .a3un Jul "Aug I 2 1 1 4 1 28 130 5 11 29 Sep 3 3 3 1 23 2 100 17 28 66 1 I Oct 2 2 1 28 5 150 16 31 36 Nov 1 3 1 - 2 33 3 6 20 36 41 Dec 1 6 4 3 I 2 23 7 7 21 57 64 1 Jan 4 2 4 3 5 23 3 4 28 12 12 3 Feb 2 1 1 1 3 2 2 8 Mar I Apr May gjun
.Jul "Aug I sep 3 1 1 3 13 2 29 12 1 1 Oct 4 1 1 17 13 10 1 1 I
Nov 2 1 8 1 34 11 3 4 Dec 3 4 1 1 2 18 13 2 1 3 Jan 5 3 1 17 13 17 1 1 2 Feb i 1 2 1 Mar Apr May I ."Jun Jul "Aug 1 3 2 3 2 I sep Oct Nov 1 2 1 3 1 4 4 1 2 2 3 9 8 1 1 Dec 2 1 3 5 1 3 3 8 2 -- I ' I i I I l
I A-45 TABLE A-21. (Continued) I Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16**17 I 3an 1 1 1 5 2 8 Feb I 1 Mar Apr May I ,3un o
$3ul Aug I Sep Oct Nov 1
1 2 1 3 1 5 3 3 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 Dec 1 2 1 2 3 I 1 Jan 2 2 1 1 1 4 Feb Mar I Apr May a]un Jul I Aug Sep Oct 1 2 1 1 3 4 2 6 3 2 1 1 2 43 36 11 2 1 1 6 59 47 23 46 1 1 1 I Nov Dec Jan 5 1 6 4 1 3 9 5 1 1 3 1 44 47 13 1 3 1 17 18 13 5
'60 36 4
1 1 1 Feb i 1 5 2 Mar Apr May I *Jun l3ul
- Aug 24 1 Sep I 19 2 2 1 1 Oct 2 1 2 2 2 40 4 2 Nov 1 20 5 1 I * = New rack submerged September,1975.
Panel stati on not in operation. I
- =
- - = Panel missing.
* * = See Table A-1.
I ' I I
l A-46 I TABLE A-22. PRESENCE AND DOMINANCE OF SPECIES OF TEREDINIDAE IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED FROM DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 I Station Bankia gouldi Teredo navalis 1 x x dominant I 3 I - x dominant 4A 5 x dominant I ' 7 x dominant 8 x dominant 9 x dominant 10 10A x dominant x 10B x dominant x 11 x dominant x 12 x dominant x 13 x dominant 14 x dominant x 15 x x 16B I 17 x dominant I x = Species present. I I - -- - --
I A-47 I from long-term panels since July,1975. Dominant species at each station are indicated in Table A-22. Since no T_. bartschi have been collected from the study area since February, 1982, no summary data for that species are presented here. Information concerning T. bartschi can be reviewed in the previous annual report (Hillman et al.,1984). A discussion of T. navalis and B_. gouldi collected on the 6-month panels follows: Teredo navalis. Teredo navalis was recorded from six-month panels from 8 of I the 20 stations from December,1983 through March,1984, and at only 6 stations from August through November,1984. This decrease in the number of stations at which T. navalis was collected during the warmer months continues the same pattern reported for the previous report period (Hillman et al.,1984). In January, for the first time since December,1980, an individual T. navalis was collected at Station 2, a site where T. navalis was formerly quite abundant. Another was collected there in February, two in October and three in November. I Whereas T. navalis may be reemerging at Station 2, it was noticeably scarce at Station 17 after March,1984, with only one individual being collected, and that as late as November. Although present at 9 of the 20 stations during the present report period, T. navalis was dominant at only four: Stations 1,2,15 and 17 (Table A-22). This represents an overall decline in dominance from the previous report period (Hillman et al.,1984) and is a reflection of the decrease in abundance of T. navalis. The results of the factorial ANOVA on Teredo navalis are given in Table A-23 (based on loge (1 + abundance)) and Table A-24 (based on presence / absence). Consistent with results reported previously (Hillman et al.,1984), all three main effects were very highly significant for both analyses. Further discussion of the ANOVA results is based on the ANOVA carried out on loge (1 + abundance) values. Based on examination of the relative magnitude of the mean square values (Table A-24) and the results of the multiple classification analysis, region was by far the most important variable influencing the spatio-temporal distribution of T. navalis. Region accounted for approximately 32% of the total variation observed. Season and bioyear, I g a though statistically significant, were each responsible for less than 1% of the total Replacing the bioyear factor with a dummy variable for OCNGS operating status indicated that there has been a statistically significant decrease in T,. navalls I I I
~
W W W W 'M M M M M M M M M W W W W W W TABLE A-23. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF LOGE (1 + ABUNDANCE) OF Teredo navalis BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS . REMOVED JULY,1976 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984, WITHNN OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY OR JUNE Surn of Mean Significance Sum of Mean Source of Variation Significance Sqisares DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F Main Effects 621.181 13 47.783 56.74007 0.000 Main Effects Region 574.791 4 659.936 7 94.277 !!2.2153 0.000 143.698 170.6339 0.000 Region 634.060 4 158.515 188.6770 0.000 Season 15.309 2 7.654 9.089094 0.000 season 20.722 2 10.361 12.33237 0.000 Bioyear 32.718 7 4.674 5.550070 0.000 Outage 4.504 1 4.504 5.360673 0.021 2 "ay hteractions 94.523 50 1.890 2.244824 0.000 2-vay hteractions 74.242 14 5.303 6.312087 0.000 Region / Season 60.211 8 7.526 8.937168 0.000 Fagion/ Season 71.597 8 8.950 10.65260 0.000 Region /Bioyear 26.596 28 0.950 1.127917 0.295 Region / Outage 1.777 Season /Bioyear 4 0.444 0.578s630 0.715 5.911 14 0.422 0.5013837 0.933 Season / Outage 0.908 2 0.454 0.5402854 0.583 3 ~"ay hteractions 19.863 56 0.355 0.4211835 1.000 3-Way hteractions 9.585 8 1.198 1.426153 0.181 Region / Season /Bioyear 19.863 56 0.355 0.4211835 1.000 Region / Season / Outage 9.585 8 1.198 1.426153 0.181 7 EspLiined n 735.567 !!9 6.181 7.339902 0.000 Explained 743.764 29 25.647 30.52709 0.000 CD Resadual 1063.624 1263 0.842 Residual 1343.384 1599 0.840 Total 1799.191 1382 1.302 Total 2087.147 1628 1.282
W M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-24. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Teredo navalis BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY,1976 THROUGIf NOVEMBER,1984, WITH ThE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY OR JUNE __-~ Sum of Mean Significance Sum of Source of Variation Squares Mean Significance DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 46.107 13 3.547 28.40 % 7 0.000 Main Effects Region 41.210 7 5.887 44.89054 0.000 33.190 4 8.298 66.46497 0.000 Region 36.048 Season 2.608 2 1.304 4 9.012 68.71924 0.000 10.44425 0.000 Season 4.170 2 2.085 15.89727 0.000 Bioyear 10.671 7 1.524 12.21063 0.000 Outage 0.969 1 0.%9 7.388168 0.007 2 "ay Interactions 13.241 50 0.265 2.121245 0.000 2-Way Interactions Regxm/ Season 6.198 14 0.443 3.373973 0.000 4.044 8 0.506 4.049274 0.000 Region / Season 5.787 Region /Bioyear 6.550 8 0.723 5.516136 0.000 28 0.234 1.873809 0.004 Region / Outage 0.158 4 0.040 Season /Bioyear 2.124 14 0.152 0.3017664 0.877 1.215212 0.257 Season / Outage 0.247 2 0.123 0.9410616 0.390 3 "ay Interactions 5.693 56 0.102 0.8143783 0.834 3-Way Interactions Region / Season /Bioyear 1.245 5 0.156 1.186421 0.303I 5.693 56 0.102 0.8143783 0.834 Region / Season / Outage 1.245 8 0.156 1.186421 0.303 g Erptuned 65.041 4.378094
!!9 0. 54 7 0.000 Explained 48.653 29 1.678 12.79272 0.000 Residual 157.674 1263 0.125 Residual 209.698 1599 0.131 Total 222.716 1382 0.161 Total 258.351 1628 0.159
I A-50 densities since OCNGS has been off-line. This was true both for abundances and presence / absence (Tables A-23 and A-24, respectively). Most of the decline occurred at Station 1, however, so its relationship to the outage is questionable. I In order to further investigate patterns of Teredo navalls abundance, one-way ANOVAs follwed by Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range tests were carried out on various combinations of data. The specific ways in which stations, months, and years were compared were identical with those used in previous reports; those in turn were based on the results of interaction plots conducted as part of the report on data collected for the period December,1980 - November,1981 (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). The comparisons included the following: I 1) Stations a) all data I b) summer months only c) fall and winter months only d) December,1983 - November,1984 only
- 2) Bioyears a) all data b) Region 3 only c) Region 1 only
- 3) Months I a) b)
c) all data complete bioyears only (7/76-6/84) Region 3 only d) December,1983 - November,1984 only Comparisons among station means for T. navalls log abundances, using all available data, produced the following groupings (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p 3.05): I i'a " > > " > > "^ > o a ' 8 7 i o^ > " > 17 " i I winter data:
^ ~ ' " * * " ' ' " * " * " ' " " " " ' " ' " " " * " " * ' " " " " " ' ' ' " ' " " " " '"" """
16B 5 61312 410 3 8 4A 10B 9 71410A 15 217111 g and was only slightly different when data from the summer only were included: 3 4 616B 4A 101210B 13 9 510A 7 815 21714111
I A-51 I These observations are essentially identical with those reported in previous years (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982; Hillman et al., 1983, 1984) and continue to indicate significantly elevated abundances of T. navalis near Barnegat Inlet (Stations 1 and 17) and at Stations 2 and 11. The positioning of the Region 1 (OCNGS vicinity) stations (5, 6, 7, 8) in the middle to lower areas of the density range and statistically indistinguishable from the majority of Barnegat Bay stations continues to support the conclusion that OCNGS has had no significant effect on T. navalis densities. I Analysis of spatial variation in T. navalis densitites during the present reporting period (December,1983 - November,1984) produced a pattern not unlike that described above: 3 4 5 6 7 8 91013168 4A 1210A 1410B 15 217111 Only Station 1 at Barnegat Inlet was clearly different than the remainder of stations in the study area. The results of the Student-Newman-Keuls analysis on T. navalis densities by bioyear indicated few significant differences: I 77/78 83/84 78/79 81/82 80/81 82/83 76/77 79/80 This indicates that there has been no overall trend in T. navalis densities in the Bay during the course of this program. Only one bioyear (1979/1980) had statistically different densities; all other bioyears were statistically equivalent to each other. I Analysis of T. navalis densities in Region 3 (Stations 1 and 17) only indicated no significant differences. When only the data from Region 1, near OCNGS were analyzed, bloyear 1982/1983 had significantly higher densities than the other years, which were not significantly different from each other. No directed trend is indicated by this result, particularly in view of the very low T,. navalis densities in Region i during the most recent bioyear (1983/1984). As reported previously (Hillman et al.,1984), Teredo navalls densities in the study area are strongly seasonal, with lowest densities found in the spring and summer. Seasonal maxima occur in fall and early winter. Addition of the current year's results to the data set did not. alter this pattern when all data were analyzed: I JUL MAR AUG FEB DEC SEP OCT NOV JAN I
~
I .
I A-52 Essentially similar results were obtained when the data were analyzed separately for I complete bioyears and for Region 3, respectively. When the analysis was conducted on data from the current reporting period only (November,1983 - December,1984) no significant differences were found. Bankia gouldi Bankia gouldi occurred in long-term panels from 10 of the 20 stations from December,1983 through February,1984, an increase of one station over the same period last year. As during the previous year no additional B. gouldi were collected until August,1984. Unlike the previous year, B. gouldi were collected at only 10 of the 20 stations from August through November. In last year's report (Hillman et al.,1984) it was stated that because of a considerable increase in abundance of B_. gouldi over what had been reported for the past several seasons, the declining trend may have been reversed. While this year's total abundance of B_. gouldi is much greater than it had been until last year, it is still lower than for the corresponding period last year. Therefore, it remains to be seen whether the declining trend in B. gouldi abundance is really over. Despite an overall decline in abundance, B_. gouldi remained the domiriant teredinid at 11 of the 13 stations at which it occurred during the present report period I (Table A-22). Results of the three-way factorial ANOVAs for presence / absence and toge (abundance +1) of Bankia gouldi are shown in Tables A-25 and A-26, respectively. As in previous years, all main effects were very highly significant for both data types. Subsequent discussion will address the analysis performed on loge (1 + abundance) data only. Based on an examination of relative mean square values and the results of the I multiple classification analysis, region was the most important factor of the three in determining B. gouldi abundance. On average, Regions 1, 2, and 3 had fewer individuals than Regions 4 and 5. This factor alone explained approximately 10% of the variation in i the data. Season and bioyear each accounted for less than 6% of the variation, and the combination of all three main effects was able to account for only 21% of the variation in B. gouldi abundance. When the analysis was repeated using a dichotomous dummy variable to represent OCNGS operating status, all three main effects (i.e. region, season, outage) were again significant. Region was again the most important factor, and OCNGS I operating status accounted for less of the variation in abundance than did the factors of region and season. Bankia gouldi densities in the bay have been, on average, significantly l lower during the extended outage which began in February of 1983. l . l
M M M M M M M M M M o - TABLE A-25.
. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF LOG, (1 + ABUNDANCE) OF Banklapidi BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY,1976, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984, TITH THE tiACEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY '
OR JUNE Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares Sum of Mean Significance DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F Main Effects 244. % 6 13 18.813 28.63743 0.000 Region Main Ellects 284.304 7 40.615 37.76091 0.000 120.146 4 30.037 45.72265 0.000 Region Season 57.656 2 170.711 4 42.678 39.67886 0.000 28.828 43.88292 0.000 Season % .751 Bioyear 57.590 7 8.227 2 48.375 44.97620 0.000 12.52372 0.000 Outage 15.377 1 15.377 14.2 % 04 0.000 2-ray Interactions 68.251 50 1.365 2.077869 0.000 2-Way Interactions 36.463 Region / Season 23.207 8 14 2.604 2.421465 0.002 2.901 4.415870 0.000 Region / Season 31.986 8 Region /Bioyear 33.878 28 1.210 3.998 3.717323 0.000 Season /Bioyear 1.841807 0.005 Region / Outage 3.771 4 0.943 8.650 14 0.618 0.8764441 0.477 0.9405536 0.514 Season / Outage 0.300 2 0.150 0.13 % 631 0.870 3 ay Interactions 20.377 56 0.364 0.5538951 0.997 3-Tay Interactions 2.315 Region / Season /Bioyear 20.377 56 0.364 0.5538951 0.997 Region / Season / Outage 8 0.289 0.2690270 0.976 I 2.315 8 0.289 0.2690270 0.976 y Explained 333.193 2.800
!!9 4.262170 0.000 Explained 323.081 29 11.141 10.35790 0.000 Residual 829.702 1263 0.657 Residual 1719.850 1599 1.076 Total 1162.195 1382 0.841 Total 2042.931 1628 1.255
m M M M M M M M M TABLE A-26. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF PRESENCE / ABSENCE OF Bankia gouldi BASED ON LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS REMOVED JULY,1976, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF PANELS REMOVED IN APRIL, MAY OR JUNE a Swn of Mean Significance Sum of Mean Significance
, , Source of Yariation Squares DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F Main Effects 58.515 13 4.501 26.37988 0.000 Main Effects 57.077 7 8.154 43.77340 0.000 Rrgion 28.383 4 7.0% 41.90107 0.000 Region 30.202 4 7.551 40.53922 0.000 Season 17.409 2 8.704 51.39963 0.000 Season 23.946 2 11.973 64.28 % 5 0.000 Bioyear 10.469 7 1.4% 8.831678 0.000 Outage 2.647 1 2.647 14.21295 0.000 2 &y Interactioris 15.657 50 0.313 1.849129 0.000 2-Way Interactions 4.176 14 0.298 1.601342 0.072 Rtgion/ Season . 2.558 8 0.320 1.888484 0.058 Region / Season 2.763 8 0.345 1.854062 0.063 Rrgion/Bioyear 10.315 28 0.368 2.175447 0.000 Region / Outage 1.283 4 0.321 1.721676 0.143 Season /Bioyear , 2.515 14 0.180 1.060361 0.390 Season / Outage 0.118 2 0.059 0.3167232 0.729 3WY Interactions *7.991 J6 0.134 0.7898898 0.868 3-Way Interactions 1.249 8 0.1% 0.8380412 0.%9 Region! Season /Bioyear 7.491 % 0.134 0.7898898 0.868 Region / Season / Outage 1.249 8 0.1 % 0.8380412 0.%9 y i
Explained 81.663 ,119 0.686~ 4.052342 0.000 Explained 62.501 29 2.155 11.57145 0.000y Residual ' 213.883 1263 0.169 Residual 297.817 1599 0.186 Trt-1 295.546 1382 0.214 Total 360.318 1628 0.221
?
e e e i
A-55 One-way ANOVAs followed by formal multiple comparison procedures were conducted in order to understand the significance of the factorial ANOVA results. The Student-Newman-Keuls multiple range test was used to determine significantly different I subsets in the data. The specific way in which stations, months and years were compared were the same as used in previous reports (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1983; Hillman et al., 1934). These in turn were developed from the results of interaction plots conducted as part of the analysis of the 1980-1981 data (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). The following comparisons were made: -
- 1) Stations all data I a) b)
c) fall months only winter and summer months only d) December,1983 - November,1984 only
- 2) Bioyears a) All data
- 3) Months a) all data b) complete bioyears only (7/76 - 6/84) c) December,1983 - November,1984 only Comparisons among stations using all available data indicated the following grouping (stations connected by an underline were not significantly different at p <.05):
21716B 13 9 6 4A 10 815 410B 7 510A 12131411 This pattern is exactly the same as that presented in the previous report (Hillman et al., 1984) and is generally similar to that reported in previous years (Maciolek-Blake et al., 1982; Hillman et al.,1983). This pattern is sufficiently persistent that it allows some I generalized conclusions regarding the spatial distribution of B. gouldi in the Bay. The first is that stations in the vicinity of the OCNGS discharge (Stations 5, 6,7 and 8) do not appear to be radically different from the remainder of the Bay and in fact had intermediate B,. gouldi densities. Analysis using the most recent data (December,1983 - November,1984) indicated a pattern generally similar to that for the larger data set and again indicated significantly greater densities of B_. gouldi at stations immediately north of OCNGS: 2 3 4 61016B 1715 4A 910A 1510B 7 81312 1411
A-56 j It is also immediately apparent that Stations 10A,11,12,13, and 14 Lave significantly elevated B. gouldi densities. These stations form a spatially contiguous group on the western side of the Bay immediately north of the OCNGS site. I Finally, it appears that, except for Station 11 which has elevated densities of both species, there is some indication that densities of Bankia gouldi and Teredo navalis l may be inversely correlated. For example, Stations 1,2, and 17 had the highest densities of T. navalis yet were among the lowest for B. gouldi. Conversely, Stations 12 and 13, which had significantly higher densities of B_. gouldi were among the lowest ranked stations for T. navalis. Testing this relationship with Spearman's Coefficient of Rank Correlation (Sokal and Rohlf,1969), however, did not indicate any significant negative I correlation. Repeating the analysis using only data from summer and from fall / winter, respectively, did not alter the general pattern discussed above. l Comparison of Bankia' gouldi abundance across bioyears, using data from all complete bioyears (July,1976 - June,1934) produced the following pattern: l 32/83 81/82 78/79 80/31 83/84 77/78 76/77 79/80 This pattern of overlapping significant differences is difficult to interpret but it does appear to reverse somewhat the pattern of decreasing B_. gouldi abundance discussed in last year's report (Hillman et al.,1984). l Analysis of B_. gouldi abundances by month ' vere identical for both all data and 1 i full bioyears only: 1 MAR 3UL FEB AUG NOV SEP OCT DEC 3AN This seasonal pattern is by now well established in the data and has been discussed in previous reports (Hillman et al., 1983, 1984). Analysis of the most recent year's data (December,1933 - November,1984) produced a similar pattern with fewer significant groups due to the smaller amount of data available for analysis: MAR JUL AUG FEB NOV SEP JAN OCT DEC I
? A-57 Destruction. Percent destruction (= percent filled) of panels was recorded for both short-term (Table A-4) and long-term panels (Tables A-8 through A-19). The average percent destruction to long-term panels (Figure A-5) over each breeding season (July, Year A, through April, Year B)is given in Table A-27, and in Table A-28. The stations are ranked in descending order of amount of attack as it has been calculated through half of the 1934 breeding season. Destruction was down about eight percentage points at Station 1 over what it was in 1983, but Station 1 remained the station which consistently shows the highest rate of destruction. Nearly as much destruction to long-term panels was shown at Station 11, where the rate remained at about last year's levels. I Destruction was down sharply at Stations 14 and 13, particularly. In 1983 percent destruction at Station 14 was over 50 percent, whereas through November,1984 it was less than 2 percent. Table A-29 shows the number of times a station has received a first place ranking in terms of destruction to long-term panels. By assigning 10 points to a station each time it was ranked first, 9 points for a second place ranking, 8 points for a third place ranking, down to 1 point for a tenth place ranking, and totaling the points it is possible to determine a relative ranking of stations. That ranking is shown in Table A-30. Station I has consistently shown the most amount of destruction to long-term panels throughout the study, with Station 11 being ranked a close second. Stations 7 and 14 are tied for third place,39 points behind Station 1. For this year's report, we have refined the unweighted least squares regression model used to investigate the relative contribution of various teredinid taxa to determining the degree of destruction of the wood panels. The model employed in previous reports (Hillman et al.,1984) was the logistic response function (commonly known as logit analysis) which is based on the assumption I that the phenomenon under study (in this case the increase in percent destruction as a function of increasing teredinid density) exhibits threshold-type behavior (Chatterjee and Prize,1977). The purpose of the logit transformation in this case is to linearize the characteristic sigmoid dose-response curve and thereby allow application of multiple linear regression methodology. Reexamination of the raw data collected since the initiation of this study indicated that there was no apparent justification for the logistic model and that a simple g W logarithmic transformation of percent destruction and abundances may prove to better model the relationship. This is also intuitively appealing in that it, in effect, assumes
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I-S% DESTRUCTION FIGURE A-5. PERCENT DESTRUCTION BY TEREDINIDS TO LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) EXPOSURE PANELS FROM JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984.
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A-61 TABLE A-27. AVERAGE PERCENT DESTRUCTION TO LONG-TERM PANELS OVER BREEDING SEASONS Breeding Season
- Station 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1985 I 1 2
72.7 *
- 23.7 61.1 0.4 58.8 1.1 52.7 8.8 60.7 19.4 40.2 8.4 60.6 0.0 49.5 0.0 61.0 0.7 53.2 1.4 3 15.4 0.1 0.9 0.0 2.7 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.0 4 33.0 5.1 1.3 2.6 4.8 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 4A - -
3.1 0.6 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 5 67.9 7.2 9.9 21.9 61.1 8.5 6.5 0.8 5.2 0.4 6 65.1 3.1 0.9 4.7 14.9 2.3 0.5 0.0 0.2 0.0 7 2. l *
- 18.1 36.5 53.0 67.5 6.9 29.9 2.0 5.6 0.4 8 3.5 *
- 7.4 2.1 3.3 2.5 *
- 1.1 0.7 0.8 10.1 0.4 9 2. 3 *
- 1.1 1.4 0.8 4.2 1.3 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.2 10 23.7 1.6 3.3 0.2 3.9 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.0 10A - - -
3.0 49.6 22.4 3.2 3.0 4.5 0.2 10B - - - 2.4 14.4 2.1 0.4 2.0 1.2 1.8 11 64.5 24.5 43.1 24.7 66.6 40.5 7.7 42.8 50.5 50.6 12 39.6 15.7 12.4 0.8 35.6 18.3 2.0 0.2 2.4 4.4 13 57.2 *
- 38.2 24.9 13.7 42.2 2.8 3. l *
- 4.4 29.8 1.0 I 14 15 56.3 15.4 32.4 5.1 19.2 0.5 24.3 0.7 48.5 5.6 2.2 2.9 10.2 1.2 2.0 2.9 50.4 4.9 1.6 0.6 16/16B 6.6 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 *
- 1.8 0.3 0.0 17 44.4 8.5 0.8 1.8 3.5 2.0 0.8 5.0 4.7 0.4 I
- 1975: July,1975-April,1976 l
1976: July,1976-April,1977 l 1977: July,1977-April,1973 1978: July,1973-April,1979 1979: July,1979-April,1980 1980: July,1980-April,1981 1981: July,1981-April,1982 1982: July,1982-April,1983 I 1983: 1984: July,1983-April,1984 July,1984-November,1984
* * = Incomplete data. - = Panel not exposed. ,
l l
A-62 TABLE A-28. RANK OF STATIONS IN DESCENDING ORDER OF TEREDINID ATTACK
- 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 i
l 1 1 7 7 11 1 1 1 1 5 13 11 1 11 7 1 11 !! 11 6 14 7 11 5 10A 14 17 14 12 11 11 13 14 1 12 11 13 13 10B 14 7 14 5 10A 5 5 10A 8 14 13 12 12 13 14 2 10A 15 7 2 17 17 5 2 13 7 13 7 5 4A 12 8 10 10A 12 15 12 10B 15 13 4 5 4A 6 2 13 15 14 17 15 10 4 8 8 6 6 17 16B 10A 5 2 15 9 4 10B 14 8 9 12 7 3 6 4 10B 4A 10B 6 5 108. 8 ! 2 17 15 17 10 8 2 17 I 15 10 3 9 4 9 10B 3 3 9 1 I 16 3 9 9 2 3 6 17 15 12 15 4A 9 10 8 4 9 10 12 16B 6 10A 3 17 10 3 4 4 4 . 7 16 16 10 3 3 4 2 4 6 3 3 4A 4A 4A 4A 10 16 16 16 16 6 10 16B
* = From mean percentages, Table A-27. .
** = Half season.
I 9
A-63 TABLE A-29. NUMBER OF TIMES EACH STATION WAS RANKED IN EACH OF THE FIRST TEN PLACES IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK. Ranking Station I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 7 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 4A 1 1 5 1 1 3 2 1 1 6 1 1 2 7 2 1 1 1 1 2 8 1 1 2 I ' 10 1 1 10A 1 2 1 1 1 10B 1 1 11 1 5 1 3 12 1 1 2 3 13 1 3 2 2 1 1 14 3 1 3 1 1 15 1 2 2 16/16B 1 17 1 2 1 1
A-64 TABLE A-30. RELATIVE RANKING OF STATIONS IN TERMS OF PERCENT TEREDINID ATTACK FROM 1975 ~ THROUGH 1984. Rank Station - Points I 1 95 2 11 84 3 7 56 3 14 56 4 13 53 5 5 46 6 12 34 7 10A 29 8 17 19 9 2 16 10 15 15 11 6 12 12 8 11 13 10B 10 14 4A 6 l 15 10 4 16 4 3 , 17 16/16B 1 18 3 0 18 9 0 I O
I A-65 destruction is roughly linear with increasing density until the available substratum becomes limiting. Also, it allows somewhat for the vbservation that extremely high densities of teredinids usually imply that the individuals are newly settled and thus the I destruction per individual is smaller than that for adult individuals. In addition to performing log transformations on both the dependent and independent variables, we have .further refined the regression model by forcing the regression to pass through the origin. Destruction, in the sense it is used throughout this study, is attributable solely to damage done by marine borers and it is intuitively obvious that a panel which has no borers should also have zero percent destruction. The model was fit in a stepwise fashion using the REGRESSION procedure of I the SPSS-X Statistical Package (SPSS, Inc.,1983). Of the five independent variables used (log (1 + abundance) of B. gouldi, T. navalis, T. bartschi, Teredo spp. and unidentified Teredinidae, respectively) only four were found to account for a significant amount of the observed variation in log (1 + percent destruction). The calculated regression coefficients for these were: Unstandardized Standardized I Variable Coefficient Coefficient Bankia gouldi 1.094 0.596 Teredo navalis 0.666 0.427 Teredo bartschi 0.391 0.188 Teredinidae 0.154 0.124 The magnitude of the standardized coefficients may be considered indicative of the relative importance of the various taxa in determing the amount of destruction of I test panels (Zan,1974). The unstandardized coefficients indicate the relative amount of damage done per individual. For this analysis, the damage per individual and the overall importance of each taxon were clearly related. As in previous analyses (Hillman et al.,1984) Bankia gouldi was the most important taxon in the analysis followed closely by T. navalis in terms of overall importance though the difference in destruction per individual was large. This appears related to the generally higher densities of T. navalis in the panels. The remaining two I taxa were of much less importance. The multiple coefficient of determination (r2) for the fit was 0.829, indicating that approximately 83% of the observed variation in percent destruction could be explained in terms of the abundances of the four taxa. I
A-66 I As in prior years, the residual variation in percent destruction (i.e. the random error remaining after fitting the model described above) was examined via three-way factorial ANOVA to determine if any significant amount of variation could be attributed I to the effects of region, season, or bioyear. All three main effects were highly significant, but only 10% of the residual variation was explained by the ANOVA, based on the results of the multiple classificatior analysis. While it is clear from these results that the number of borers in the panels is adequate to account for the degree of destruction, even without additional information on th? date of recovery or location of the panel, the I abundance of borers in panels is affected significantly by region, station, and bioyear. I Long-term (12-Month) Panels Beginning in August,1976, two "special pnels" were placed on the exposure racks at every station. The;e panels are removed and replaced in May and June each year, after a 12-month exposure. The purpose of these additional panels is to provide specimens of teredinids for histological analyses of gonad development (see Appendix B), particularly during the critical spring months when no borers are usually found in the 6-month panels. Additional information on species present in these 12-month panels, their size range and the percent of panel filled has also been recorded. These data are not as extensive, however, as those collected from the regular 1- and 6-month panels. The incidence of teredinids in 12-month panels was first reported in 1982 (Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982). The incidence of teredinids in panels submerged in May, 1933 and retrieved in May,1984 is shown in Table A-31. Table A-32 shows incidence in the panels submerged in June,1983 and retrieved in June,1984. Most teredinids in 12-month panels were collected at Station 1, where the panels were 99 percent filled with dead juveniles. The 12-month panels at Station 14 were I 93 to 99 percent filled, primarily with Bankia gouldi. The incidence of borer attack in the 12-month panels at the other stations was relatively light. Limnoria I Table A-33 shows the incidence of the crustacean woodborer Limnoria in 6-month and 1-month panels removed monthly from December,1983 through November, I i 1984. I 1 During the present report period, Limnoria was present at Stations 1, 2, 3, 4, ! 4A and 5, a distribution pattern the same as it was during the previous report period. I
~
I A-67 TABLE A-31. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE Ill 12-MONTH PANEL,S SUBMERGED MAY 2-3,1983 AND REMOVED MAY 14-15, 1984* I I No. of Station Specimens Percent . Size Range Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 400 99 12. T. navalis,388 Teredinidae All dead. 5 1 4 280 1 Teredinidae Dead. 7 5 22 80-340 5 B. gouldi 8 5 8 10-190 4 g. gouldi,1 Teredinidae Teredinidae dead. 9 1 <1 30 1 Teredinidae Dead. 10B 2 7 110-300 2 g.gouldi 11 3 25 280-390 3 g. gouldi idead. 12 1 5 360 1 g. gouldi i 14 51 98 12-190 33 g. gouldi,1. T. navalis, 17 TeredinTdae T. navalis with ripening gonads,17 Teredinidae dead. 15 8 30 140-320 3 g. gouldi, 3 I. navalis, 1. T. navalis with 2 Teredinidae larvae,1 T. navalis and 2 Teredinidae 16B 1 4 265 1 g. gouldi 17 4 7 - 70-240 2 g. gouldi, 2 T. navalis No Teredinidae in panels from Stations 2-4A,6,10,10A,13. I e i
- Panel frocn Station 1 rempIed June 11,1984.
Panel from Station 4A removed February 13,1984. I 1 I I
I A-68 TABLE A-32. INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN 12-MONTH PANEL.S SUBMERGED JUNE 6-7,1983 AND REMOVED JUNE 11-12, 1984* I I No.of Station Specimens Percent Filled Size Range in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 400 99 6 T. navalis,394 Teredinidae All dead. 5 1 5 285 1 B. gouldi Dead. 7 4 23 180-350 4 B. gouldi Ripening gonads. 8 3 18 240-305 3 B. gouldi 10A 1 5 280 1 B. gouldi Dead. 2 B. gouldi,1 T. navalis T. navalis with I' 11 4 17 115-420 1 Teredinidae ripening gonads, Teredinidae dead. 12 1 6 265 1 B. gouldi 13 1 4 240 1 B_. gouldi Ripsning gonads. 14 60 99 30-230 28 B. gouldi,32 Teredinidae 10 live,50 dead. 15 3 20 245-300 2 B. gouldi.1 Teredinidae Teredinidae dead. 16B 1 5 290 1 B. gouldi 17 16 10 13-160 9 T. navalis,7 Teredinidae All dead. No Teredinidae in panels from Stations 2-4A,6,9,10,10B.
- Panel fro n Station I removed January 9,1984.
I Panel from Station 14 removed May 15,1984. Panel from Station 17 removed July 10,1984. I I 'I I I
M M M M M Y M M M M W- W M M M O M M M TABLE A-33. INCIDENCE OF LIMNORIA IN 6-MONTH (P) AND l-MONTH (C) EXPOSURE PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 Dec 1983 Jan 1984 Feb 1984 Mar 1984 Apr 1984 May 1984 Jun 1984 Jul 1984 Aug 1984 Sep 1984 Oct 1984 Nov 1984 Tunnels / Tunnels /* Tunnels /* Tunnet/ Tunnels / Tunnels / Str. tion Panet Specimens Tunnels /*
- Tunnels /* *
- Tunnels /* *
- Tunnels /* *
- Tunnels /* *
- Tunnels /
Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specirrens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens Specimens 1 P 0/0 o/0 0/0 5/0 5/3 0/0 0/0 14/21 80/65 c O/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 o/0 40/36 12/2 16/o 0/0 1/0 0/0 0/0 2 P 1500/800 280/165 50/10 5/2 2/1 2/o 93/153 310/480 1800/2000 c 0/0 0/0 0/0 o/o 0/0 7/2 34/37 36/49 20/.29 2300/2500 4500/3517 2000/2000 18/12 0/0 0/0 3 P 27/15 4/0 2/2 1/0 o/0 o/0 4/6 16/11 o/0 c 0/0 o/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 2/3 0/0 1/2 45/7 0/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 o/o 4 P 3/2 2/1 0/0 o/0 o/0 0/0 0/0 3/2 0/0 2/1 0/0 C O/0 o/0 o/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 > 0/0 1/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 4A P 6000/4500 4 3600/1500 380/300 30/10 0/0 2/2 230/220 690/1000 c 0/0 o/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 0/0 14/4 56/80 1300/1300 1000/810 700/612 220/200
- 3/o 0/0 0/0 0/0 5 P 0/0 0/0 7/2 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 o/0 c 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 o/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 0/0 6-17 No Limnoria present
- Juveniles present
** Gravid females present *** Gravid females and juveniles present
i A-70 I Attack continued high at Stations 2 and 4A (Figure A-6) although it averaged considerably less at Station 4A than during the previous report period (Hillman et al., 1984). Attack continued to decline at Station 4, and was also down at Station 3. I I I .I I I I I I I I I I I I
I A-71 I 4000- .I 2750- .I I500-cI I I000-I
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3p 7 -._ _,4,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, .m l1,15,17 i a e i e i i e e i 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 I YEAR FIGURE A-6. AVERAGE NUMBER OF Limnoria TUNdELS IN LONG-TERM (6-MONTH) PANELS FROM 1976 THROUGH 1984. I
I A-72 I References Cited Bartsch, Paul. 1908. A new shipworm from the United States. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 21(34):211-212. Clapp, W.F. 1923. A new species of Teredo from Florida. Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., 37(2):37-38.
. 1925. Notes on the stenomorphic form of the shipworm. Trans. Acad. Sci.,
St. Louis, 25(5):81-89, Pl. 4-5. Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the I period December 1,1981 to November 30,1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984. Study of Woodborer I Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, P.I. Feder and C.I. Belmore.1981. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual I Report for the period December 1,1979 to November 30, 1980 to Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Massachusett. Report No.15040.
. 1982. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1,1981 to I November 30, 1932 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts.
Menzies, R.J. 1951. A new species of Limnoria (Crustacea: Isopoda) from southern California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 50(2):36-88.
. 1959. The identification and distribution of the species of Limnoria. In:
I Ray, D.L., Marine Boring and Fouling Organisms. Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., pp.10-33. Miller, R.G. 3r. 1966. Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, 3.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1975. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. 2nd Edition. Purushotham, A. and K. Satyanaroyana Rao. ca. 1971. The First Progress Report of the Committee for the Protection of Timber Against Marine Organisms Attack in the Indian Coastal Water for the Period 1953-70. Jour. Timber Development Assoc. (India), Vol. XVII (3):1-74. I I
I A-73 Ricnards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1976. Woodborer Study I Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period June 1,1975 to May 31,1976 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14729.
. 1978. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period June 1,1976 to November 30,1977 to I Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14819.
I . C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. I Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Report No.14893.
, and N.J. Maciolek. 1980. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster I Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December,1978 to November 30, 1979 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass.
Report No.14968. Sokal, R.R. and F.3. Rohlf.1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco. 776 pp. Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Mus. of Comp. Zoo., Harvard University., Cambridge, Mass. 265 pp.
. 1971. Identification of marine wood-boring molluscs. In: Marine Borers, Fungi and Fouling Organisms of Wood, (Eds.) Organization for economic cooperation and development, Paris. Chapter 1, pp.17-64.
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I I APPENDIX b BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Table of Contents int,eeec e n.............................................................. e-1 g Materials and Me thod s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4 Re f e re nces Cit ed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B- 16 I L5T OF TABLES Table B-1. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Teredo navalis in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December, 1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5 I Table B-2. Numbers of Specimens and Stage of Gonad Development of Bankia l gou_Ig in Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, from December, 1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-7 I LIST OF FIGURES Figure B-1. Percent of all Specimens of Teredo navalis in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August,1977 Through November,1984... B-12 Figure B-2. Percent of Specimens of Bankia gouldi from Region 1 in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August,1977 Through November , 198 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 Figure B-3. Percent of Specimens of Bankia gouldi from Regions 2,4, I and 5 in Each Stage of Gonad Development from August, 1977 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-15 I I I I I . _ - _ _ - - - - - - . __ _
I I I B-1 APPENDIX B BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Introduction I Temperature may be the most important factor in the regulation of I reproductive cycles in marine invertebrates (Hedgpeth and Gonor,1969). For this reason, studies of the reproductive cycles of the teredine borers in Barnegat Bay have been an integral part of the program designed to assess the effects of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station on woodborers in the bay. Alteration of the normal cycles theoretically could occur in one or more ways. Initiation of gonad development could be earlier than expected in thermally-affected areas, resulting in earlier than normal spawning. Given the short time necessary for I newly-settled larvae to become sexually mature (Turner,1966), some could settle and spawn within one season. Should the waters in a given area be warmer than those of the surrounding areas not affected by the thermal plume, the breeding period might be extended well into the fall. The developmental stages of gonads from borers in areas affected by the thermal plume were assessed histologically and compared to stages of gonad development in borers from non-affected areas. Data through November,1983 did not suggest any major alterations in breeding patterns of indigenous shipworm species within the study area. The studies have continued and the data reported here summarize the results of observations made from August,1975 through November,1984. I In previous reports (e.g., Maciolek-Blake et al.,1982) the possibility of an extended breeding season for Teredo bartschi in the discharge area was discussed. Since February,1982, however, no T. bartschi have been recovered for examination of gonad developmental patterns. A sub-tropical species, T. bartschi could have been expected to have breeding individuals year-round in the warmer discharge water, even though their larvae would not have been expected to survive the colder winter water temperatures 4 outside the discharge areas. I
B-2 I Materials and Methods I Teredine borers were removed in the laboratory from exposure panels retrieved from Barnegat Bay. Details of the retrieval schedule for standard panels are I given in Appendix A. With the six-month retrieval schedule, there were three months of the year (April through June) when no borers were recovered from the panels because the panels were immersed when no larvae were settling. In order to obtain gonad information during those critical spring periods, two special panels, retrieved on an annual basis, were installed in May and June of 1976 at each station. This enabled us to obtain some information on the early spring gonadal patterns. In addition, separate racks were I installed at Stations 2,7,11,12 and 17 to provide additional information on the parasites of Teredo. The panels on these racks are exposed for a 12 month cycle, and although they are no longer used for pathology purposes, they supply information on gonad conditions year-round. Upon removal from the exposure panels, the shipworms were placed in one of a variety of fixatives. During the initial portion of the study, when specimens were being shipped to Battelle's Columbus, Ohio, facility for sectioning, they were fixed in Bouin's fixative. Since processing was begun at the Duxbury facility in May,1977 the specimens have been fixed in Zenker's, Helly's and most recently, Davidson's fixative. The specimens were fixed for 24 hours, followed by rinsing with 70 percent I denatured ethanol. The gonad-containing portion of each shipworm was excised, dehydrated further in ethanol, placed in two changes of methylbenzoate and cleared in three changes of xylene. They were then embedded in Paraplast and sectioned at six microns. From January,1978 through November,1931, at least two slides of each specimen were prepared. One slide was stained in hematoxylin and eosin for gonad analysis; the second slide was stained with Masson's trichrome or Whipf's polychrome stain and used with the hematoxylin and eosin stained slides for pathological analysis. I The slides were examined microscopically to determine the stage of gonad development at the time the specimens were removed from the water. Because the Teredinidae are bivalve molluscs, the characteristics of gonad development are similar to those of other bivalves, and a classification of developmental stages used by other investigators examining gonads of various bivalves (e.g., Ropes and Stickney,1965; Ropes, I %
I B-3 I - 1968; Holland and Chew,1974) was generally suitable. In some cases, especially during I the warmer months, it appears as if early active development began again shortly af ter the shipworm had just spawned, so that the follicles showed both early active and spent characteristics simultaneously. In general, however, the various phases of gonad development were characterized as follows: Female Gonads I 1. Early active phase - Oogonia occurred at the periphery and within the alveolar walls; nuclei of oogonia contained basophilic nucleoll. The alveolar walls were not completely contracted and lumina I were evident in most gonads.
- 2. Late active phase - Large oocytes were attached I to the alveloar wall and protruded into the alveolar lumen. The oocyte nucleus was large and contained a basophilic nucleolus.
- 3. Ripe phase - The shipworm was considered ripe when the number of oocytes that had become detached from the alveolar wall and were free in I the lumen of the alveolus exceeded the number still attached to the alveolar wall.
l I 4. Partially spawned phase - A few oocytes were still attached to the thickened alveolar wall, and some residual ripe ova remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase - Alveoli were usually empty of ripe l oocytes and those that remained were undergoing cytolysis.
Male Gonads l
- 1. Early active phase - Shipworms in the early active phase contained darkly staining spermatogonia in the thickened alveolar wall.
I 2. Late active phase - This phase was characterized by the proliferation and maturation spermatocytes, most of which have migrated of . g toward the center of the alveolus. A central lumen was Present in the alveolus and occasionally a
- E small number of spermatozoa were present in the j lumen.
i l t
B-4 I 3. Ripe phase - In the ripe phase, the alveolar lumen was crowded with darkly-stained spermatozoa.
- 4. Partially spawned phase - A small number of spermatozoa remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase - Alveoli in the spent phase contained very few or no spermatozoa.
Hermaphroditic gonads were characterized according to the conditions of both the oocytes and spermatocytes within the various alveoli. The slides were numbered consecutively according to sample number, and gonad condition was noted for each sample. The phase designations of the gonads were correlated with species and station designations only af ter the gonads were characterized. This tended to eliminate any possible bias for' station or season. Results and Discussion From August,1975 through November,1983, a total of 4835 teredinid borers was examined histologically for gonad condition. This included 1986 Teredo navalis,534 T. bartschi,24 T. furcifera,2229 Bankia gouldi, and 62 immature teredinids too small to I be identified to species. The data from those observations were included in the annual report to GPU Nuclear Corporation for the period December 1,1982 through November 30, 1983. From December 1,1983 through November 30, 1984, an additional 262 T. navalis,386 B_. gouldi, and I small unidentifiable teredinid were examined. The results of the examinations for T. navalls and B. gouldi are tabulated in Tables B-1 and B-2 respectively. The unidentifiable teredinid occurred in November at Station 14. Although l It was very small, the gonads were in the spent condition. As in past years (Hillman et al.,1984) no unusual variations in expected reproductive patterns were observed. For all intents and purposes OCNGS was not operating during the present report period, and the populations of shipworms were subjected to normal seasonal ambient environmental parameters. The reproductive patterns of the various species of teredinid borers occurring within the study area are discussed below. l l l l t
B-5 TABLE B-1. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF I Teredo navalis IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM DECEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984. I EA = Early Active; LA = Late Active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; S = Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad I Gonad 1983 1984 l 1 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA 18 1 1 1 1 I LA R PS 1 2 2 3 1 1 4 1 1 S 11 6 9 NG 2 1 EA 1 LA 1 1 2 - R 2 PS 1 1 S S NG 1 EA LA 1 I R PS S 10A NG EA I LA R PS 10B S 2 NG I I I
~
I B-6 I TABLE B-1. (continued) I Gonad 1983 1984 Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA i 1 2 3 LA 2 1 1 2 R 2 11 PS 3 I S NG 3 6 3 EA LA 1 R 12 PS S NG EA LA I S R PS 2 1 14 I NG EA 1 LA 1 2 1 ( R 1 PS 1 15 i S 1 NG 1 1 I EA LA R 4 10 12 1 17 1 11 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 4 1 1 17 PS 3 5 6 18 2 S 6 2 2 6 8 NG 1 2 1 l l l
,' s B-7 -
TABLE B-2. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF. GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF Bankia gouldi IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY,
'NEW JERSEY, FROM DCCEMBER,1983 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984 EA = Early Active; LA = Late active; R = Ripe; PS = Partially Spawned; S =
Spent; NG = No Discernable Gonad > s Gchad 1983 ., 1984 \ Stage Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA 1 LA R I PS S 1 1 1 NG I EA l LA s s R 4A PS S ' x . s EA LA R 4 5 I PS S NG 4 1 1 1 EA 1 17 2 1 2 LA 3 2 R , 1 1 7 PS 3 S 2 5 2 2 1-NG 3 3 3 1 4 2 1 1 t I .
B-8
~
i TABLE B-2. (Continued) Gonad 1983 1984 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station .l 1 EA i I LA R 2 3 8 PS I S 6 4 1 NG 2 1 1 I EA LA R 9 PS S 2 NG 4 LA R 10A PS S 1
, NG 2 EA LA I R 10B PS NG 1 1 1 I I
B-9 I TABLE B-2. (Continued) I Gonad 1983 1984 Stage Dec 3an Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct . Nov Station EA 8 I 1 12 11 10 8 LA 12 1 3 R 1 4 11 PS 1 1 1 5 14 10 [ m S NG 6 5 3 2 1 2 1 9 1 10 1 1 1 5 5 EA 1 1 1 2 LA 2 R 1 12 PS 1 _ S 2 2 1 1 4 5 NG 2 2 1 1 1 3 2 3 1 I EA 6 1 1 LA I R PS S 8 1 1 13 NG 1 3 EA 8 11 10 I LA R PS 13 14 I S NG 7 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 I I I E I
~
B-10 I. TABLE B-2. (Continued) i Gonad 1983 1984 Stage Dec -Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station EA R 15 PS 2 I S NG 1 2 EA I 1 LA 1 R 16 S I NG EA 1 2 2 l LA g R 17 g PS S NG 2 1 I !I I 'I ,I lI
I B-11 I Teredo navalis. During the present report period, Teredo navalis occurred at 9 I of the 20 stations at which panels are exposed (Table B-1), a decrease of three stations from the previous year's collection. Ripe gonads were found during April, May and June at Station 17, in May at Stations 14 and 15, in August at Station 11, and in August and September at Station 1. Early and late active gonads apparently persisted throughout the winter, and were found in shipworms from several stations during January and February,1984. Early active stages which occurred in February and March 1984 could be expected at that time since the mollusks are preparing for their normal late spring spawning (Maciolek-Blake et al., 1981). Early and late active stages were also found late into the fall at Stations 1,2,11 and 15. These were the result of development in shipworms that were spawned and set I during mid- to late-summer. Most spent T. navalis occurred during September and October, as expected. The annual and seasonal pattern of gonad development in T. navalis in Barnegat Bay fro:n August, 1977 through November, 1984 is shown in Figure B-1. Development can begin as early as February in those shipworms which have survived the winter. Late active stages generally appear by March and ripe and spawr.ing individuals I can occur by May and June. - Shipworms which set in June and July are often ripe within four weeks of , setting, initiating another spawning peak later in the summer. By late fall, most of the shipworms have spawned, but late setting individuals have begun early developmental activity. This usually ceases when the water cools, accounting for shipworms with what appear to be early and late active stages in late fall and winter. - Bankia gouldi. B_. gouldi was examined for gonadal development from 15 of the l 20 exposure panel stations during the present report period (Table B-2). There was no change in the number of stations from which B. gouldi was examined as compared to the previous report period, but there were some slight differences in the sites from which B_. gouldi was collected. During this period, individuals from Stations 1 and 4A were examined, and during the previous period individuals fro.n Stations 3 and 6 were examined. Gonadal development followed a seasonal pattern similar to that reported throughout the study (e.g., Hillman et al.,1984). Early active stages were found from l December (Stations 12,13,14 and 17) through May (Stations 11,12 and 14). Those found lI 'E -
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I B-13 I - in December and January were probably in that stage from the previous fall. By June, spawning began to occur, although one partially spawned individual was found at Station 11 in May. It is difficult to say whether this was a shipworm which had remained in that I condition from the previous fall or one which had actually begun spawning that soon. Spawning continued through October. By Septeniber and October, most shipworms were in the partially spawned to spent stages. There .was some early development activity carrying on into the fall. In previous reports (e.g., Hillman et al.,1984) gonad developmental patterns of B. gouldi from Region 1, the thermally affected area (see Appendix A), were compared with patterns of development in shipworms from Regions 2, 4 and 5 combined. That I comparison was carried out for the present report period, even though the plant was not operating throughout most of it. Figure B-2 shows the pattern of development from August, 1977 through November,1984 in those shipworms collected from Region 1. Figure B-3 shows a similar pattern for shipworms collected from Regions 2, 4 and 5 combined. Again, no unusual differences in seasonal developmental patterns were observed. I . I I I I I I E . 5
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'jj Early Active FIGURE B-2. PERCENT OF SPECIMENS OF Bankia gouldi FROM REGION I IN EACH STATE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT FROM AUGUST,1977 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984.
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I B-16 I References Cited I Hedgpeth, J.W. and 3.3. Gonor. 1969. Aspects of the potential effect of thermal alteration on marine and estuarine benthos. In: Biological Aspects of Thermal I Pollution., P.A. Krenkel and F.A. Parker, eds. Vanderbilt Univ. Press, Nashville, Tenn., pp. 80-118. Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of woodborer populations in I relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, MA. I Hillman, R.E., C.3. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, MA. Holland, D.A. and K.K. Chew. 1974. Reproductive cycles of the Manila clam (Venerupis japonica), from Hood Canal, Washington. Proc. Natl. Shellf. Assoc. 64:53-58. Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, C.I. Belmore and P.I. Feder.1982. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear, Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, New Englar.d Marine I Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass. Ropes, 3.W. 1968. Reproductive cycle of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, in offshore New Jersey. Biol. Bull. 135:349-365.
. and A.P. Stickney. 1965. Reproductive cycle of Mya arenaria in New England. Biol. Bull. 128:315-327.
Turner, R.D. 1966. A survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.,265 pp. !I I I LI lI 'I lI
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I I I .
I I APPENDIX C WATER QUALITY Table of Contents
, Int,oeuction..............................................................
Ma terials and Me thods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c-1 C-1 Field ............................................................... C-1 Ana ly sis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-1 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5 Te m pera tu re . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-5 Salinity............................................................. C-26 I "" -~ Disso lved Oxygen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-32 Re fe rences Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-36 List of Tables Table C-1. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations December,1983 ......... C-6 Table C-2. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations January,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . C-7 Table C-3. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations February,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . C-8 Table C-4. Water Quality at Expoaure Panel Stations March,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-9 ! Table C-5. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations April,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-10 Table C-6. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations May,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-ll Table C-7. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations June,1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-12 Table C-8. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations July,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-13 Table C-9. Water Quality at Eky,sure Panet Stations August,1984. . . . . . . . . . . . . C-14 Table C-10. Water Quality at Exposure Panet Stations September,1984 ......... C-15 Table C-ll. Water Quality at Exposure Panet Stations October,1984. . . . . . . . . . . . C-16 Table C-12. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . C-17 I .. _ _ .
1 lI List of Tables (continued) Page I Table C-13. Minimum, Maximum, Mean and Standard Deviation of Water Quality Values Observed During Each Month of Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, From I December,1983 Through November,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-18 Table C-14. Temperatures Recorded at Station 8 Compared to Five Other Exposure Panel Stations in Various Regions of Barnegat Bay . . . . . . . . C-23 Table C-15. Analysis of Variance of Temperatures Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July,1975 Through November, 198 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-25 Table C-16. Analysis of Variance of Salinities Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July,1975 Through No vember, 19 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-30 Table C-17. Analysis of Variance of pH Recorded at Evpa=Jre Panel I Stations in Barnegat Bay From July,1975 Through No v ember, 19 8 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-33 Table C-18. Anaty La of Variance of Dissolved oxygen Levels Recorded at Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay From July,1975 Through November, 198 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-35 I List of Figures Figure C-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographic Locations of Exposu re Panel Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C-2 I Figure C-2. Average Temperature at Each Exposure Panet Station, Calculated for Biological Years From July,1975 Through June,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . C-21 Figure C-3. Average Bioyear Temperatures for Stations Grouped into Regions ... C-22 Figure C-4. Average Bioyear Salinities for Stations Grouped into Regions ... .... C-28 I Figure C-5. Average Salinity at Each Exposure Panel Station, Calculated for Biological Years From July,1975 Through June,1984 . . . . . . . . . . . C-29 I I I - I
I C-1 APPENDIX C I WATER QUALITY Introduction Several water quality parameters were measured at each of the exposure panel stations at the time of panel removal and replacement. These values, recorded monthly, are used to document the physico-chemical environment in Barnegat Bay at the time of the field collections. This portion of the report includes data collected from December, 1983 through November,1984, and a synthesis of the data collected since the initiation of I the study in June,1975. Materials and Methods Field Water quality measurements were taken monthly at the 20 exposure panel I stations (Figure C-1) by the field personnel exchanging expo,ure panels (see Appendix A), and supplied to Battelle. Analysis I Several descriptive summaries of water quality values have been prepared. I More emphasis is placed on temperature and salinity than on pH and dissolved oxygen because these parameters are considered to be the more important when considering teredinid distribution and abundance. A). The mean value + one standard deviation was calculated for all parameters for each month in this report period. B). For temperature and salinity, average values for each , biological year from July,1975 through June,1984 were calculated and plotted for each station. A biological year is defined as July, Year A through June, Year B, and corresponds to the breeding season of the teredinids. The period of July,1984 through November,1984 was not included I
l I BA1ELLE # (W UANOSOUAN C-2 I 04
% AS INTRACOASTAL #
O POINT PLEASANT WATE Away CANAL MANTOLOKING 15 KETTLE CAEEK s I O D d 16
/p I SLOCP CAEEK M
ATLANTIC OCE AN HOLLY PAAK g ,, STOUTS CAEEK /
,o 108 (" SEOGE ISLAND
'g ($10A I OYSTE A CAEEK .
g 3
$ $1 OYSTER 7 6 AEEK BAANEGATl W NUCLEAR GENEAATING 1 BAANgGAT I STATION WAAETOWN BARNEGAT BEACM 4
I $ PANEL AAAAy CONKLIN ISLAND 0 1 2 3 3
! MILES qJ I BAANEGAT INLET. NEW JE ASEY Latitude 39 4S 8 N Longitude 14 06 0 W f
J f I g& I FIGURE C-1. OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS M OF EXPOSURE PANELS
C-3 because it represents only 5 months of a 12 month period, and I average values over this period are not comparable to the other averages calculated. 1 C). Stations were grouped into regions, and average values of temperature and salinity were calculated and plotted for each ; biological year since July,1975. Regions are as follows: Region 1 (near OCNGS discharge), Stations 5,6,7, and 8; , Region 2 (south of OCNGS), Stations 2,3,4, and 4A; Region ! 3 (east side of bay), Stations 1 and 17; Region 4 (near north), Stations 9,10,10A,10B, and 11; Region 5 (north of OCNGS), Stations 12,13,14,15, and 16B. D). The differences in temperature values recorded at Station 8 and at Stations 2,9,12,15, and 17 were calculated for each month since July,1975. I E). Because of the extensive outage which began in February of 1983, we conducted an additional analysis this year to investigate the potential effect of the termination of power plant operation on water quality parameters. I A dichotomous dummy variable was added to the data set corresponding to power plant status. This variable was assigned the value "0"(i.e., operational) for data I collected prior to February 1983 and "1" (i.e., non-operational) for data collected since that time. An additional factorial ANOVA was carried out using this variable in place of bioyear. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were carried out on each of the four water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen) measured since July, 1975. In previous years, we canducted ANOVAs on both unsummarized (i.e., station, month) and summarized (i.e., region, season) factors and then combined the two ANOVAs to produce a residual mean square based on the combined fit which was more appropriate than a mean square based on summary factors alone. As the data set has grown over the years, the computing resources necessary to analyze the unsummarized factors have increased geometrically to the point where available capacity on the VAX-II/780 at I Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute has been exceeded. Accordingly, the ANOVAs in this and subsequent reports will be performed on summarized factors only. All ANOVAs were carried out using the ANOVA procedure of SPSS-X (SPSS, Inc.,1983). Multiple classification analyses (MCA) were then used to quantify the systematic variations detected by the analysis of variance procedures (SPSS, Inc.,1983). This output, which is a display rather than a particular test, provides information about the patterns of effects of each factor, and, therefore, about the
C-4 reasons underlying significant effects observed in the analysis of variance calculations. It is appropriate only if the interactions among factors are not practically or statistically significant. The MCA output provides the grand mean of all the responses. " Unadjusted deviations" are deviations from the grand mean of the sample averages in each level of each factor, not accounting for the effects of any of the other factors. " Adjusted for independent deviation" are deviations from the grand mean of the effects of each category when the other factors are adjusted for in an additive manner. These adjustments are made by fitting an additive analysis of variance model in the factors (i.e., main effects only, and not interactions) and estimating the effects of the levels of each factor from the coefficients in the model. For nearly balanced data, the adjusted and unadjusted deviations should be similar. Bonferroni t-statistic (Miller,1966) was used to compare means of treatment I levels in a pairwise fashion to determine the sources of significant effects that have been observed in analysis of variance tests. Bonferroni's procedure is based on the two sample Student t-test with significance levels adjusted to account for simultaneity. Let X 1, X ,2~Xk be k sample means based on N ,1 N2, ...Nk observations respectively. Let M 1, M ,2 ~,Mk be the corresponding population means. These sample averages might originate as the average values in k levels of a factor under study. Let s2 = error SS/ error df denote the error mean square from an analysis of variance, based on v degrees of f'reedom. Suppose we wish to make y pairwise comparisons among M1 , M2 , ,M k. For example, to test Ho: Mi i / j = 1, ...,k we must make r = k (k-1) pairwise comparisons. 2 Ho will be rejected at significance level a if E - i 1 t(v;1-a/2r) 1 + 1 I ,
"i "j for any pair 1, j, where t ( v ; l-a/r) is the upper a/2r point of the student distribution with v d.f.
This procedure leads to the confidence intervals Ig-E3-t ( V: 1 */2rls V4ng + 1 1Mi - M) 1 Et - E) +t (Pt 1 */2:)s V. - 1 ny ng n) with overall probability l- a that all r confidence intervals calculated are correct. The means Mi Mj are significantly different if the confidence interval does not contain zero. I .
C-5 Results and Discussion l - The water quality values recorded each month at each of the exposure panel stations from December,1983, through November,1984 are given in Tables C-1 through C-12. Table C-13 gives the monthly minimum, maximum and mean + one standard deviation for each parameter measured. Temperature I Water temperatures in December,1983 (Table C-1) were more normal for the month than those recorded during December,1982. The maximum temperature for the month was 9.10C at Station 8. Stations 1 and 17 recorded temperatures of 9.0 and 8.9 during that same period. The minimum temperature for the month was 6.60C at Stations 3 and 14. The mean temperature for December,1983 was 7.60C (Table C-13), which was considerably colder than the 14.40C listed as the mean December water temperature for the bay in 1982 (Hillman, et. al.,1984). By January, the water temperatures around the bay had dropped considerably. The maximum temperature for the period, 5.30C, was recorded at Station 13 (Table C-2), and the minimum, 0.20C, was at Station 2. The mean temperature of 2.50C (Table C-13) was somewhat lower than the 4.40C mean of last year. Usually, the February water temperatures are the lowest of the year, especially during the first week of February. As the sun gets higher in the sky water temperatures rise noticeably through the month. During the present report period, water parameters were measured closer to the middle of the month than the beginning, and the higher temperatures in February (Table C-3) are a reflection of that later measurement. The mean of 5.80C is quite a bit warmer than the 1.90C recorded in February last year ! (Hillman, et. al.,1984). l Water temperatures rose only slightly into March (Table C-4), and the mean of 6.60C (Table C-13)is less than a degree higher than the February mean, and very close to the mean temperature for the bay during March,1983. By the middle of April, water temperatures had risen to a maximum of 13.30C at Stations 12,14 and 17 (Table C-5), while the minimum was 8.0 at Station 1. The mean of II.80C (Table C-13) was close to what it was last year. The mean May water temperature of 16.00C (Table C-13) was somewhat lower thaa last year's mean of 17.60C. The highest water temperature in May,1984 was only 17.20C at Station 4A (Table C-6),in contrast to 19.00C recorded at Station 9 in May,1983
I C-6 TABLE C-1. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS DECEMBER,1983 I Depth in Salinity Tem rature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo oC) (m 1) pH 12/5/83 I 1 0905 9.0 29.1 9.0 9.2 8.1 2 12/5/83 0940 3.0 22.6 7.0 10.0 8.1 3 12/5/83 1012 3.0 24.2 6.6 10.2 8.1 4 12/5/83 1033 4.5 25.0 7.2 9.9 8.1 4A 12/5/83 1052 3.0 24.0 7.1 10.1 8.2 g 5 12/5/83 1109 3.0 20.8 7.8 10.0 8.0 6 12/5/83 1121 3.5 21.9 7.8 10.3 7.9 I 7 8 12/5/83 12/5/83 1136 1200 2.5 4.0 15.1 22.0 8.0 8.1 11.0 9.9 7.3 7.7 9 12/5/83 1222 5.5 21.1 9.1 7.8 7.0 10 12/5/83 1420 5.5 20.8 8.0 8.6 7.8 10A 12/5/83 1330 3.0 21.8 8.2 9.6 7.7 108 12/5/83 1342 4.5 23.1 7.3 9.8 7.9 11 12/5/83 1400 3.0 21.2 7.3 9.6 8.1 I 12 13 12/5/83 12/5/83 1442 1505 3.0 3.0 20.9 20.8 7.3 6.8 9.6 9.3 7.9 7.9 14 12/5/83 1522 5.5 21.8 6.6 9.4 7.9 15 12/6/83 0850 4.5 17.9 7.3 10.6 7.7 168 12/6/83 0920 5.5 14.0 7.1 11.1 7.6 17 12/6/83 0956 2.0 28.6 8.9 10.6 8.0 t I I E I _
I ' C-7 TABLE C-2. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JANUARY,1984 I Depth in Salinity Tem ture Station Date Time Feet o/oo (O l) PH 1/9/84 0910 7.0 23.1 0.3 11.4 8.2 l 1 2 1/9/84 0945 3.5 21.2 0.2 12.0 8.1 3 1/9/84 1025 1.0 20.5 0.5 11.4 8.1 4 1/9/84 1055 3.0 24.9 1.2 11.6 8.2 l 4A 1/9/84 1115 1.5 23.1 2.0 11.4 8.1 I 5 6 1/9/84 1/9/84 1130 1150 1.0 1.3 14.0 14.1 1.2 0.7 12.0 11.6 7.6 7.3 7 1/9/84 1204 3.0 24.2 3.0 11.2 8.2 8 1/9/84 1225 2.0 22.4 3.0 10.8 8.2 9 1/9/84 1355 6.0 23.8 4.0 9.4
- 7.8 10 1/9/84 1526 3.5 19.9 3.3 10.7 7.8 10A 1/9/84 1438 0.8 19.0 3.3 10.9 7.5 10B 1/9/84 1458 3.0 20.2 3.3 10.4 7.6 11 1/9/84 1510 1.0 17.6 2.3 11.6 7.9 I
12 1/9/84 1601 1.8 11.3 2.8 11.6 7.3 13 1/10/84 1128 2.0 9.8 5.3 13.0 7.4 14 1/10/84 1110 2.5 10.0 3.5 12.2 7.5 l 15 16B 1/10/84 1/10/84 0858 0935 3.0 3.5 15.0 17.2 2.4 4.2 12.8 9.4 7.5 7.4 17 1/10/84 1012 0.8 16.8 4.1 5.0 7.1
- Changed DO meters af ter Station 9. Air bubble under membrane.
I I I
I c-8 I TABLE C-3. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS FEBRUARY,1984 I Depth in Salinity Temprature og I Station Date Time Feet o/oo J9C) (mg/1) pH I 2 1 2/13/84 2/13/84 0920 1000 2.5 2.0 28.2 19.8 4.8 5.3 11.6 11.6 8.2 8.2 3 2/13/84 1030 1.0 21.8 5.0 13.2 8.3 1 4 2/13/84 1050 3.0 21.8 5.0 12.2 8.1 4A 2/13/84 1100 1.5 17.5 5.0 12.6 8.3 l 5 6 2/13/84 2/13/84 1142 1200 1.0 1.5 7.0 11.8 6.4 3.6 13.2 13.8 7.2 8.1 7 2/13/84 1215 2.0 17.0 6.0 12.6 8.1 8 2/13/84 1234 1.5 3.3 7.2 13.3 6.7 I 9 10 2/13/84 2/13/84 1350 1523 5.0 3.0 16.5 17.1 5.3 5.3 12.0 12.6 7.7 7.9 10A 2/13/84 1420 0.8 14.6 .5. 3 12.8 8.0 h 10B 2/13/84 1440 2.0 16.9 5.3 13.2 8.2 11 2/13/84 1456 0.8 17.1 5.4 12.6 8.3 12 2/13/84 1550 1.5 - 15.5 5.0 12.4 7.9 l 13 2/14/84 1242 2.0 2.8 8.6 13.0 6.7 14 2/14/84 1225 . 3.0 14.2 6.8 13.1 8.3 1 15 2/14/84 0900 2.0 18.2 6.3 12.4 7.9 16B 2/14/84 0938 3.5 14.3 5.4 13.6 8.2 17 2/14/84 1040 1.0 24.8 8.8 12.1 8.3 I I I 1 I
C-9 TABLE C-4. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS MARCH,1984 l Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH I 3/19/84 0910 7.0 25.2 5.2 10.4 7.8 2 3/19/84 0945 5.5 19.2 6.0 9.5 7.7 3 3/19/84 1012 2.0 18.2 6.0 9.6 7.7 4 3/19/84 1033 4.0 18.5 6.0 9.4 7.6 4A 3/19/84 1050 2.5 18.0 6.2 9.8 7.6 5 3/19/84 1110 2.0 4.8 7.0 10.8 6.8 6 3/19/84 1123 3.0 11.5 6.2 11.2 7.1 7 3/19/84 1140 4.0 16.5 6.2 10.6 7.5 8 3/19/84 1200 3.0 16.2 6.8 10.5 7.5 9 3/19/84 1320 3.5 15.8 6.1 10.4 6.8 10 3/19/84 1438 4.9 15.0 7.0 10.4 7.1 10A 3/19/84 1345 2.0 13.5 8.5 10.2 7.3 10B 3/19/84 1400 3.8 17.1 7.1 9.8 7.7 11 3/19/84 1415 2.0 6.6 8.8 11.6 7.0 12 3/19/84 1500 3.0 16.2 6.5 11.2 7.7 13 3/19/84 1526 3.0 15.5 6.2 !!.1 7.7 14 3/19/84 1545 3.5 16.5 6.2 11.0 7.8 15 3/20/84 0840 3.0 16.6 6.5 11.3 7.8 16B 3/20/84 0917 4.0 14.0 6.2 10.8 7.5 17 3/20/84 1055 1.5 21.5 7.5 9.8 7.8 f 1
C-10 TABLE C-5. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS APRIL,1984 Depth in Salinity Tem wrature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo J9C) (mg/l) pH i
! 4/16/84 0940 ' 7.5 23.9 8.0 9.6 7.8 2 4/16/84 1034 6.5 17.2 10.2 9.8 7.6 3 4/16/84 1105 3.0 15.2 10.8 9.6 7.5 4 4/16/84 1130 4.8 15.2 11.0 8.S 7.2 4A 4/16/84 1155 3.0 14.1 11.4 9.0 7.5 5 4/16/84 1214 2.5 2.0 11.4 10.7 6.4 6 4/16/84 1244 3.5 2.1 11.4 10.8 6.4 7 4/16/84 1258 2.5 0.5 11.6 10.8 4.5 8 4/16/84 1324 3.5 1.1 11.9 10.6 5.1 9 4/16/84 1613 5.0 11.2 11.5 7.6 6.6 10 4/16/84 1506 5.0 7.5 13.0 8.7 6.4 10A 4/16/84 1525 2.5 12.1 12.8 9.8 7.4 10B 4/16/84 1536 4.0 11.0 12.1 9.6 7.2 11 4/16/84 1552 2.5 7.1 12.6 10.2 7.1 12 4/17/84 1217 3.5 14.5 13.3 9.4 7.5 13 4/17/84 1152 4.0 14.2 12.6 9.1 7.5 14 4/17/84 1125 3.0 12.0 13.3 9.6 7.5 15 4/17/84 0848 4.0 14.8 11.2 10.0 7.5 16B 4/17/84 0925 5.0 9.6 12.0 9.8 7.4 17 4/17/84 1010 2.0 20.0 13.3 8.4 7.8 I
c-11 TABLE C-6. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS M AY,1984 Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/l) pH I 5/14/34 0939 5.5 28.8 11.8 8.0 7.6 2 5/14/34 1025 5.5 20.0 17.0 7.6 8.1 3 5/14/34 1110 2.0 18.0 17.1 7.8 8.1 4 5/14/34 1138 3.0 20.0 17.0 7.4 8.0 4A 5/14/84. 1200 2.0 19.9 17.2 6.6 7.5 5 5/14/34 1230 1.5 7.2 16.2 9.4 7.4 6 5/14/34 1252 2.0 9.3 16.9 9.4 7.8 7 5/14/84 1313 3.5 15.1 17.1 8.9 7.9 8 5/14/34 1337 2.0 15.1 16.7 9.0 7.9 9 5/14/34 1444 5.5 16.7 16.2 7.6 7.0 10 5/15/34 1343 4.0 16.1 15.3 7.2 7.4 l 10A 5/14/34 1513 1.5 16.9 17.0 9.8 8.0 10B 5/14/84 1530 3.0 17.1 17.1 9.6 8.1
!! 5/14/34 1548 1.5 12.8 16.2 9.4 7.8 12 5/15/34 1303 2.5 14.9 16.0 9.3 8.2 13 5/15/34 1240 3.0 13.9 16.0 8.5 7.7 14 5/15/S4 1208 2.0 12.2 15.8 8.8 7.7 15 5/15/34 0900 3.0 13.9 14.0 8.7 7.5 16B 5/15/84 0930 4.0 9.5 15.0 8.1 7.3 17 5/15/34 1012 1.0 24.0 13.8 7.9 7.9
C-12 TABl.E C-7. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JUNE,1984 l' Depth in Salinity Temperature 02 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (oC) (mg71) pH1 1 6/11/84 0910 5.0 28.8 19.6 6.2 6.2
- 2 6/11/34 0950 5.5 21.6 27.9 5.3 6.0
- 3 6/11/84 1020 1.5 20.9 27.5 5.8 6. l
- 4 6/11/34 1045 3.5 20.7 28.0 4.0 6. l
- 4A 6/11/84 1100 2.0 20.7 28.0 5.4 6.4
- 5 6/11/84 1120 1.2 13.0 27.3 6.8 6.3
- 6 6/11/84 1133 2.0 13.8 28.0 6.6 6.3
- 7 6/11/84 !!48 3.0 16.7 26.5 5.6 6.0
- 8 6/11/84 1210 2.0 16.8 27.0 5.6 6. l
- 9 6/11/34 1340 5.0 16.3 25.2 4.1 6.6 10 6/11/84 1511 4.0 13.7 27.2 4.7 6.7 10A 6/11/84 1408 1.2 17.0 29.8 6.8 7.6 10B 6/11/84 1424 3.0 16.6 29.9 7.0 7.6 11 6/11/84 1440 2.0 11.9 30.3 7.0 7.3 12 6/11/34 1533 3.0 16.6 29.5 6.6 7.5 13 6/11/84 1600 2.5 12.7 28.9 5.4 6.9 14 6/12/84 1240 3.5 11.8 27.3 6.4 7.2 15 6/12/84 0925 3.0 14.8 26.9 6.4 7.3 16B 6/12/84 1000 4.0 11.0 27.0 6.3 7.2 17 6/12/84 1122 1.0 22.8 26.5 5.4 7.0 1
Problems were experienced with the operation of pH meters on both days. Values identified with an asterisk are unusually low and probably represent erroneous readings.
C-13 TABLE C-8. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS JULY,1984 Depthin Salinity Temperature og Station Date Time Feet o/oo PC) (mg/1) pH 1 7/9/84 0906 5.0 27.0 19.0 6.9 7.8 2 7/9/84 0942 5.0 26.8 22.5 6.2 7.6 3 7/9/84 1015 1.5 19.0 22.9 6.1 7.5 4 7/9/84 1037 3.5 20.0 23.5 6.0 7.2 4A 7/9/84 1059 2.0 20.3 24.5 5.6 7.3 5 7/9/84 1117 1.0 8.4 22.0 7.2 6.9 6 7/9/84 1133 2.0 7.6 21.5 7.4 6.7 7 7/9/84 1149 3.5 14.0 24.2 6.0 7.0 8 7/9/84 1210 2.0 13.8 24.8 5.6 7.0 9 7/9/84 1232 5.5 16.0 24.2 5.4 7.1 10 7/9/84 1434 4.0 14.0 24.5 5.2 7.1 10A 7/9/84 1339 1.0 16.5 25.5 8.2 8.0 10B 7/9/84 1358 3.0 16.8 25.2 7.6 7.8 11 7/9/84 1410 1.0 13.8 24.2 8.3 7.8 12 7/9/84 1548 3.0 15.0 25.3 9.6 8.3 l 13 7/9/84 1458 2.5 11.8 24.2 7.2 7.1
. 14 7/9/84 1521 3.0 13.6 24.5 8.4 7.9 15 7/10/84 0858 4.0 10.7 23.3 7.3 7.0 16B 7/10/84 0930 4.0 11.2 23.5 7.0 7.2 17 7/10/84 1013 1.0 23.0 23.1 3.4 7.3
C-14 TABLE C-9. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS AUGUST,1984 Depth in Salinity Temperature 02' Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH < 1 8/13/84 0918 6.0 26.5 24.7 5.2 8.0 2 8/13/84 1015 5.0 23.2 26.1 5.3 7.2 3 8/13/84 1043 2.0 20.2 26.3 4.6 7.4 4 8/13/84 1104 3.0 17.5 26.1 3.4 7.1 4A 8/13/84 !!26 2.5 17.2 26.5 4.4 7.3 5 8/13/84 1146 2.0 17.2 26.2 5.8 7.6 6 8/13/84 1158 2.0 17.2 26.4 6.2 7.7 7 8/13/84 1215 4.0 14.4 26.2 5.2 7.2 8 8/13/84 1233 3.0 6.6 25.2 7.4 7.0 9 8/13/84 1345 6.0 14.2 25.6 6.9 7.0 10 8/13/84 1515 3.0 13.7 26.2 4.2 6.9 10A 8/13/84 1417 2.0 17.9 26.2 6.4 7.6 10B 3/13/84 1433 3.5 18.0 26.6 6.4 7.6 11 8/13/84 1448 2.0 17.7 26.6 7.2 7.7 12 8/13/84 1535 3.5 17.2 26.3 6.6 7.5 13 8/13/84 1604 3.0 2.2 25.0 7.4 6.6 14 8/13/34 1630 4.0 13.7 26.1 7.7 7.8 15 8/14/84 0900 3.5 20.0 25.7 6.6 7.6 16B 3/14/84 0931 4.0 12.8 25.8 6.1 7.3 17 8/14/84 1010 2.0 25.0 25.9 4.8 7.8
I c-15 TABLE C-10. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS SEPTEMBER, 1984 f Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/1) pH 9/10/84 0906 5.0 1 30.2 22.0 6.1 8.3 2 9/10/84 0950 5.0 24.5 21.4 5.8 7.9 3 9/10/84 1012 2.0 21.8 21.8 6.5 7.9 4 9/10/84 1032 3.5 21.1 21.5 6.1 8.0 4A 9/10/84 1050 2.5 21.3 21.6 6.7 8.0 5 9/10/84 1110 1.5 18.8 22.2 7.5 8.0 6 9/10/84 1122 2.0 18.9 22.2 7.2 7.9 7 9/10/84 1145 3.5 18.6 22.2 7.3 7.9 8 9/10/84 1217 2.5 16.9 22.0 7.4 7.8 9 9/10/84 1330 3.5 17.9 22.4 7.6 7.8 10 9/10/84 1445 4.0 12.8 22.9 7.5 7.6 10A 9/10/84 1350 2.0 19.6 22.8 8.0 8.1 10B 9/10/84 1405 3.5 20.0 22.5 8.1 8.1 11 9/10/84 1420 2.0 19.6 22.5 8.5 8.1 12 9/10/84 1510 3.0 19.0 23.0 7.4 7.9 13 9/10/84 1540 3.0 9.5 23.0 8.3 7.7 14 9/10/84 1610 4.5 17.2 22.9 7.4 8.0 15 9/11/84 0910 3.0 16.8 20.5 6.9 7.6 16B 9/11/84 0940 4.0 15.0 22.0 6.5 7.7 17 9/11/84 1018 1.5 24.8 22.8 4.0 7.5
c-16 TAllLE C-II. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS OCTOBER,1984 Depth in Salinity Temperature O Station Date Time Feet o/oo (OC) (mg,1) pH 1 10/8/84 0900 6.0 28.8 15.1 7.7 7.8 2 10/3/34 0934 3.5 25.5 14.0 8.2 7.9 3 10/8/34 1004 1.5 23.3 14.2 8.1 7.8 4 10/8/34 10'23 2.0 23.4 15.1 7.4 7.7 4A 10/3/84 1039 2.0 22.2 15.0 7.8 7.8 5 10/8/84 1054 1.2 20.1 14.6 8.4 7.8 6 10/3/84 1106 2.0 20.1 14.4 8.2 7.7 7 10/S/84 1124 3.0 13.8 14.9 8.2 7.7 8 10/3/84 1155 2.2 19.4 15.1 8.2 7.6 9 10/3/84 1314 5.0 20.4 15.1 7.9 7.5 10 10/8/84 1429 4.0 18.5 16.0 8.0 7.5 10A 10/8/34 1334 1.2 20.7 15.5 8.2 7.8 10B 10/3/34 1350 3.0 21.2 15.3 8.6 7.9 11 10/8/84 1406 1.2 21.3 14.8 8.6 7.9 12 10/8/84 1450 3.0 20.2 15.8 9.0 7.9 13 10/8/84 1526 2.0 16.5 17.0 8.6 7.3 14 10/8/34 1547 3.0 16.9 15.5 9.0 8.0 15 10/9/34 0906 3.0 20.5 15.0 8.2 7.9 16B 10/9/84 0933 4.0 14.7 15.0 8.5 7.8 17 10/9/84 1009 1.0 24.9 15.8 6.8 8.0 t
~
C-17 TABLE C-12. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS NOVEMBER,1984 Depth in Salinity Temperature O2 Station Date Time % Feet o/oo (OC) (mg/l) pH j 1 11/12/84 0903 6.5 25.6 12.2 7.6 7.9 2 11/12/84 0935 5.0 23.2 11.5 7.6 7.8 3 11/12/84 1005 2.5 23.6 11.2 8.0 7.8 4 11/12/84 1030 4.0 24.5 11.8 7.8 7.8 4A 11/12/84 1045 3.0 24.7 12.2 7.5 7.9 5 11/12/84 1100 2.0 22.4 11.8 7.9 7.8 6 11/12/84 111.5 2.5 21.0 10.3 8.3 7.7 7 11/12/84 1134 4.5 20.7 11.5 8.4 7.7 8 11/12/84 1150 3.0 21.5 11.6 7.8 7.8 9 11/12/84 1312 6.0 22.5 11.5 8.5 7.9 10 11/12/84 1440 5.5 21.2 11.5 8.2 7.8 10A 11/12/84 1330 2.5 22.4 11.5 8.2 7.9 10B 11/12/84 1345 4.0 22.5 11.2 8.3 7.9 11 11/12/84 1422 2.5 22.3 10.0 9.0 8.0 12 11/12/84 1508 3.5 19.8 11.1 8.4 7.7 13 11/12/84 1528 2.5 15.1 10.8 9.0 7.6 I 14 11/12/84 1552 5.0 20.7 10.4 8.6 7.9 15 11/13/84 0857 4.0 21.3 9.8 8.4 7.8 16B 11/13/84 0928 4.5 18.5 8.6 8.4 7.6 17 11/13/84 1008 2.0 25.4 6.8 9.4 7.7 l m _ . _ _ _ . . _
C-18 TABLE C-13. MINIMUM, MAXIMUM, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF WATER QUALITY VALUES OBSERVED DURING EACH MONTH OF EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY, FROM
' DECEMBER, THROUGH NOVEMBER.
~+ Standard Parameter Date Maximum Minimum Mean Deviation Dec.1983 9.1 6.6 7.6 0.7 Jan.1984 5.3 0.2 2.5 1.4 Feb. 8.8 3.6 5.8 1.2 Mar. 8.8 5.2 6.6 0.8 Apr. 13.3 8.0 11.8 0.9 May 17.2 11.8 16.0 1.4 Temperature Jun. 30.3 19.6 27.4 2.2 (OC) Jul. 25.5 19.0 23.6 1.6 Aug. 26.6 24.7 26.0 0.4 Sep. 23.0 20.5 22.2 0.6 Oct. 17.0 14.0 15.2 0.7 Nov. 12.2 6.8 10.9 1.3 Dec.1983 29.1 14.0 22.0 3.6 Jan.1984 24.9 9.8 18.4 4.6 Feb. 28.2 2.8 16.0 6.2 Atar. 25.2 4.8 15.8 4.4 Apr. 23.9 0.5 11.3 6.2 Salinity May 28.8 7.2 16.1 4.9 (o/oo) Jun. 28.8 11.0 16.9 4.4 Jul. 27.0 7.6 16.0 4.2 Aug. 26.5 2.2 16.6 5.5 Sep. 30.2 9.5 19.2 4.3 Oct. 28.8 14.7 20.9 3.2 Nov. 25.6 15.1 21.9 2.4 Dec.1983 8.2 7.0 7.9 0.3 Jan.1984 8.2 7.I 7.7 0.4 Feb. 8.3 6.7 7.9 0.6 Mar. 7.8 6.8 7.5 0.4 Apr. 7.8 4.5 7.0 0.7 pH May 8.2 7.0 7.7 0.3 Jun. 7.6 6.0 6.7 0.5 Jui. 8.3 6.7 7.4 0.5 Aug. 8.0 6.6 7.4 0.4 Sep. 8.3 7.5 7.9 0.2 Oct. 8.0 7.5 7.8 0.3 Nov. 8.0 7.6 7.8 0.1
C-19 TABLE C-13. (Continued)
+ Standard Parameter Date Maximum Minimum Mean -Deviation Dec.1983 11.1 7.8 9.8 0.8 Jan.1984 12.8 5.0 11.0 1.6 Feb. 13.8 11.6 12.7 0.7 Mar. 11.6 9.4 10.5 0.6 Dissolved Apr. 10.8 7.6 9.6 0.8 Oxygen May 9.8 6.6 8.5 0.9 (mg/l) Jun. 7.0 4.0 5.9 0.9 Jul. 8.4 3.4 6.7 1.3 Aug. 7.7 3.4 5.9 1.2 Sep. 8.5 4.0 7.0 1.0 Oct. 9.0 6.8 8.2 0.5 Nov. 9.4 7.5 8.3 0.4 1
I r
l l c-20 (Hillman, et al.,1984). The minimum again in May was at Station 1, which had a water temperature of II.80C by the middle of the month. The warmest water of the year was recorded in June, 1984. The mean temperature of 27.40C (Table C-13) was quite a bit warmer than the mean of 22.6 for June,1983. Station 11 had the warmest water, with a maximum of 30.30C (Table C-7). The minimum temperature was again at Station 1, with a temperature of 19.60C. 1 Temperatures dropped slightly in July, and the mean was at 23.60 (Table C-13), with the maximum of 25.30C being recorded at Station 12 (Table C-8). The mean water temperature, and water temperatures at most of the stations, rose again in August. By mid-month, the mean water temperature was 26.00C (Table C-13), with the warmest water 25.00C, recorded at Stations 10B and 11 (Table C-9). Water temperatures throughout the area were quite uniform in September, when the mean water temperature was 22.20C (Table C-13). This was several degrees cooler than the mean water temperature of 28.20C for the bay in September,1983 (Hillman, et. al.,1984), the highest mean water temperature of the report period. Water temperature dropped sharply through October (Table C-1) and November (Table C-12) with means of 15.20C and 10.90C respectively (Table C-13). The October mean temperature was quite a bit lower than the mean of 20.90C for October, 1983 (Hillman, et. al.,1984), but by November the water was at about the same temperature as in November,1983. Ice cover was quite extensive in January,1984. Stations 3, 4, 4A, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10A,10B,12,16 and 17 reported coverage, and Stations 11 and 14 had ice in the area. No ice was reported during any other month. The average temperature at each station for the bioyear July,1983 through June,1984 is shown in Figure C-2. Average temperatures were fairly uniform throughout the bay except at Station 1, where the water was somewhat cooler. Temperatures tended to be slightly warmer on the west side of the bay. This is reflected in Figure C-3, which shows the average water temperatures for the various regions (see Appendix A). Regions 1 and 4 are the westernmost regions, and have the higher average temperatures. Table C-14 compares water temperatures recorded at Station 8 in Oyster Creek since July,1975 with those recorded at Stations 2, 9,12,15 and 17 which are outside Oyster Creek. Over that time period, water temperatures at Station 8 have been elevated above those at Stations 2 and 15 86 percent of the time, above those at Stations 17 79 percent of the time, and above those at Stations 9 and 12 72 percent of the time. Since the plant was not in operation for almost two years, some of the elevation was due to normally higher ambient temperatures at Station 3 than at some of the other stations.
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C-22 20-l8-E o [ l 6-E e-5 c. l4-l2-10 i i i i i i 2 3 4 5 REGION FIGURE C-3. AVERAGE WATER TEMPERATURE FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1983 THROUGH JUNE,1984 REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS 1,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,10B,11; REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14, 15,16B.
C-23 TABLE C-14. TEMPERATURES RECORDED AT STATION 8 COMPARED TO FIVE OTHER EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN VARIOUS REGIONS AT BARNEGAT BAY SINCE JULY,1975 Station 8 Compared To: Station 2 Station 9 Station 12 Station 15 Station 17 ) Number of Observations Lower Than 14 19 27 9 21 1 Equal To 1 12 3 6 2 ' O.1 to 0.90C Higher 16 10 12 13 8 l 1.0 to 1.90C Higher 12 12 13 14 16 l 2.0 to 2.90C Higher 10 16 12 13 14 3.0 to 3.90C Higher 18 18 21 14 11 4.0 to 4.90C Higher 21 17 7 20 18 5.0 to 5.90C Higher 10 5 9 15 10 6.0 to 6.90C Higher 4 2 3 4 5 7.0 to 3.50C Higher 4 0 0 2 4 8.50C Higher 0 0 0 0 1 Missing Pairs 3 2 4 3 3 Summary Total Observations 110 111 109 110 110 Number of Times Elevated 95 80 79 95 87 Percent of Times Elevated 86 72 72 86 79 Number of Times 3.0-5.90C 49 40 37 49 39 Percent of Times 3.0-5.90C 45 36 34 45 35
-_-_____ ~
C-24 The results of the factorial ANOVAs on temperature data are shown in Table C-15. All three main effects (region, season, bioyear) were highly significant, with season being the most important based on an examination of the mean square values. This result is expected and is consistent with our observations in previous reports (Hillman, et. al., 1984). Multiple classification analysis indicated that season was the most important controlling variable for temperature, accounting for nearly 80% of the observed variation. In addition, the two most recent complete bioyears (i.e. bioyears 8 and 9) have averaged over 10C warmer than the mean annual temperature since the initiation of the study. When the ANOVA was repeated using a dummy variable for power plant operating status (labelled " outage", Table C-15), all three main effects of region, season, and outage were very highly significant. Further examination of this result using multiple classification analysis indicated that, contrary to what might be expected, mean temperatures in the Bay have been warmer since OCNGS has been off-line. Although statistically significant, this effect was responsible for less than 1% of the total variation in temperature and was far less important than season. These results underscore the lack l of overallimpact on Bay temperatures due to OCNGS operation. One-way ANOVAs were also used to examine underlying patterns of variation in temperature by station, month, and bioyear. These were run on all data collected since July,1975. No significant difference was found among stations (p=.2959) but month was , highly significant (p<.001) with all months being significantly different. The analysis indicated the following pattern: Month Mean OC , February 1.07 January 2.49 March 4.98 December 7.96 April 10.26 November 12.97 May 15.76 October 17.61 June 21.81 Sept. ember 24.15 July 25.62 August 27.59 i These results are similar to those reported in previous years (Hillman, et al., 1984). l
)
TABLE C-15. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF TEMPERATURES RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984. Simn of Mean Significance Sum of Source of Variation Mean Significance Squares DP Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Main Effects 114328.729 14 8166.338 468.3110 0.000 Main Effects R:gion 130295.107 8 16286.888 927.7193 0.000 1412.676 4 353.169 20.25301 0.000 Region 1487.210 Se;. son 4 371.802 21.17828 0.000 ii1293.410 3 37097.803 2127.429 0.000 Season 128780.905 3 42926. % 8 2445.168 Bioyear 1593.494 7 227.642 0.000 13.05447 0.000 Outage 681.416 1 681.416 38.81419 0.000 2 r y Interactions 2758.017 61 45.213 2.592830 0.000 2-Way Interactions 548.547 19 28.871 1.644517 0.039 Region / Season 177.559 12 14.797 0.8485312 0.600 Region / Season 190.575 12 15.881 0.9046136 0.542 Region /Bioyear 335.826 28 !!.994 0.6878019 0.889 Region / Outage 230.646 4 57.661 3.284460 0.011 Seison/Bioyear 2236.565 21 106.503 6.107581 0.000 Season / Outage 121.499 3 40.500 2.306906 0.075 4 3-C'ry Interactions 563.228 79 7.129 0.4088501 1.000 3-Way Interactions 38.781 12 3.232 0.1840821 0.999 o Rtgion/ Season /Bioyear 563.228 79 7.129 0.4088501 1.000 Region / Season / Outage 38.781 12 3.232 0.1840821 0.999 i w Explained 117649.974 154 763. % I 43.81049 0.000 Explained 130882.434 39 3355.960 191.1592 0.000
- Residual 27447.181 1574 17.438 Residual 34391.884 1959 17.556 T:trl 145097.155 1728 83. % 8 Total 165274.319 1998 82.720 9
U C-26 Analysis of temperature data by bioyear indicated marginally significant differences among years (p=.0417). The magnitude of the difference was so small, however, that the Student-Newman-Keuls test was not able to define homogeneous subsets of bioyears. Salinity The twenty stations at which teredinids are collected reflect the broad salinity range found throughout Barnegat Bay. Salinities at the stations are shown in Tables C-1 through C-12. Mean salinities for the bay throughout the report period are shown in Table C-13. As with temperature, there is a seasonal cycle to the salinity pattern, with salinities being highest in the late fall and early winter and lowest in the early spring. The mean salinity of 22.0 0/oo in December,1983 (Table C-13) was the highest mean salinity recorded during the present report period. Salinities fell generally throughout the area through January, February and March,1984 and reached a mean low of 11.3 0/oo in April. Mean salinities from May through August were in the 16 to 17 0/oo range. By September the mean salinity rose to 19.2 0/oo, and stood at 21.9 0/oo in November,1984. The minimum salinities at which Teredo navalis will grow and reproduce have been reported as 5 to 10 0/oo (Turner,1973; Richards, et. al.,1973) and 10 to 14 0/oo for Bankia gouldi (Allen,1924; Turner,1973). For T. bartschi, the range is 7 to 10 0/oo (Hoagland, et. al.,1980), but in this area temperature is far more critical for T. bartschi. Salinities rarely reached the critical range throughout the report period, although there were records of salinities dropping below 10 0/oo. In January, for example, the salinity at Station 13 was recorded at 9.8 0/oo (Table C-2). The frequency of sub-10 0/oo levels increased through the winter. Station 13 had a salinity of 2.8 0/oo in February, and Stations 8 and 5 were recorded as having salinities of 3.3 0/oo and 7.0 0/oo respectively during that month (Table C-3). Salinities in March (Table C-4) tended to be more uniform throughout the bay, and only Stations 5 and 11 had salinities below 100/oo (4.8 0/oo and 6.6 0/oo, respectively). In April, a wide range of salinities were recorded at the various stations. The standard deviation was 6.2 0/oo around a mean of only .11.3 0/oo (Table C-13). Seven of the 20 stations had salinities below 10 0/oo in April. They included Stations 5 (2.0 0/oo),6 (2.1 0/oo), 7 (0.5 0/oo), 8 (1.1 0/oo),10 (7.5 0/oo),11 (7.1 0/oo), and 16B (9.6 0/oo) Table C-5).
C-27 3y May, salinities increased considerably, and the only stations at which the salinity was below 10 0/oo were Stations 5 (7.2 0/oo), 6 (9.3 0/oo) and 16B (9.5 0/oo) (Table C-6). Stations 5 and 6 again had salinities below 10 0/oo in July, when salinities were 8.4 0/oo and 7.6 0/oo respectively (Table C-8). In August, Station l'3 recorded an unusually low 2.2 0/oo (Table C-9). The salinity at Station 8 during that month was only 6.6 0/oo. As salinities in the area rose through the fall, the only other sub-10 0/oo reading was at Station 13 in September, where the salinity was recorded at 9.5 0/oo (Table C-10). Average salinities at each exposure panel station, calculated for the bioyear from July,1983 through June,1984 are shown in Figure C-4, and the average salinity for each region for the bioyear is plotted in Figure C-5. The patterns are similar to what has been shown in previous years (e.g., Hillman, et al.,1984), with salinities tending to be higher on the eastern side of the bay, especially at Stations 1 and 17. l The results of the factorial ANOVAs for salinity are shown in Table C-16. As in previous years (Hillman, et. al.,1984) all three main effects and two-way interaction terms were significant. Based on the relative magnitudes of the mean square, region was the most important determinant of salinity, accounting for approximately 18% of the total variation according to the results of the multiple classification analysis. When bioyear was replaced with a dummy variable for OCNGS operating status, all three main effects were again significant (Table C-16). Multiple classification analysis indicated that salinities were significantly lower in the bay during the outage period. Using one-way ANOVA, the Region I stations and non-Region I stations were examined separately and the same pattern of significance was found in both cases. This indicates that any decrease in salinities in Region I which may be attributable to the OCNGS outage is also part of a more widespread general salinity decrease in the bay in recent years. Examination of the variation in salinity among stations using all data collected since 1975 via ANOVA and SNK produced the following pattern of significance (stations joined by a single line are not significantly different at p<.05): 16B 13 10 14 15 12 5 6 7 8 10A 10B 11 9 3 2 4A 4 17 1 .
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C-29 26-24-22-D s - 3 5 g 20-E 5 - 3 I8-i6-I4 , , , , , i 2 3 4 5 REGION FIGURE C-5. AVERAGE SALINITY FOR STATIONS GROUPED INTO REGIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL YEAR JULY,1983 THROUGH JUNE,1984 REGION 1 = STATIONS 5,6,7,8; REGION 2 = STATIONS 2,3,4,4A; REGION 3 = STATIONS I,17; REGION 4 = STATIONS 9,10,10A,10B,11; REGION 5 = STATIONS 12,13,14,15,16B.
TABLE C-16. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SALINITIES RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984. Sum of Mean Significance Sum of Mean Significance I Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F j Main Effects 27031.773 14 1930.841 138.51 % 0.000 Main Effects 21579.699 8 2697.462 121.4 % 9 0.000 Region 11240.343 4 2810.086 201.5971 0.000 Region 12733.343 4 3183.336 143.3812 0.000 Season 7433.049 3 2477.683 177.7503 0.000 Season 7180.430 3 2393.477 107.8050 0.000 Bioyear 8135.530 7 !!62.219 83.37818 0.000 Outage 1377.452 1 1377.452 62.04209 0.000 2-Cey Interactions 10028.766 61 164.406 11.79457 0.000 2-Way Interactions 4309.765 19 226.830 10.21668 0.000 Rzgion/ Season 369.560 12 30.797 2.209370 0.009 Region / Season 452.941 12 37.745 1.700082 0.061 Region /Bioyear 828.082 28 29.574 2.121680 0.001 Region / Outage 838.546 4 209.637 9.442279 0.000 Season /Bioyear 8781.860 21 418.184 30.00073 0.000 Season / Outage 2991.761 3 997.254 44.91749 0.000 3 0 y Interactions 1347.940 79 17.063 1.224075 0.092 3-Way Interactions 162.751 12 13. % 3 0.6108764 0.835 n Rt gion/ Season /Bioyear 1347.940 79 17.063 1.224075 0.092 Region / Season / Outage 162. b o Explained 38408.480 154 249.406 17.89250 0.000 Explained 26052.215 39 668.006 30.08776 0.000 Residual 21940.177 1574 13.939 Residual 43493.524 1959 22.202 Tot *l 60348.657 1728 34.924 Total 69545.739 1998 34.808 w, 1 1
. . . )
C-31 These results are similar to those reported previously (Hillman, et. al.,1984) and clearly show stations to the north of OCNGS to have significantly lower salinities. Station 1, at Barnegat inlet, has significantly higher salinities than all other stations. Repeating this analysis for the most recent year's data (December,1983 -
~ November,1984) produced a slightly different pattern:
13 5 16B 6 8 14 11 10 7 15 12 10A 9 10B 4A 3 4 2 17 1 the primary differences appear to be a shift of Stations 5,6,8 and 11 to relatively lower salinities. This would appear to be consistent with OCNGS being off-line but, as indicated i by the overlapping homogeneous groups, the magnitude of the change is not statistically significant. One-way ANOVA and SNK of salinities by month produced the following pattern of significance: FEB APR 3AN MAR MAY JUN DEC JUL NOV AUG OCT SEP this pattern is generally similar to that reported last year (Hillman, et. al.,1984), as was the pattern of salinity variation by bioyear: 78/79 79/80 75/76 83/84 77/78 82/83 76/77 81/82 80/81
. PH pH values values are generally uniform seasonally and throughout the area.
(Tables C-1 through C-13). The lowest mean pH recorded during the report period was 6.7 in June,1984, and the highest was 7.9 in December,1983 and February and September, 1984 (Table C-13). Unusually low pH values occurred in April,1984 at Stations 7 (4.5) and 8 (5.1) (Table C-5). Other low pH's (6.0 to 6.2) were reported at several stations in June (Table C-7), but were attributed to problems with the pH meter.
C-32 The results of the factorial ANOVAs on pH are given in Table C-17. All three main effects were highly significant both for the analysis using bioyear and for the analysis using a dummy variable to represent OCNGS operating status. Bioyear was the most important single factor based on mean square values; however, neither ANOVA explained much of the variation in pH (<20% for region-season-bioyear and <3% for region-season-outage). Variation in pH, though statistically significant, continued.to be of insufficient magnitude to affect teredinid populations (Maciolek-Blake, et. al.,1982; Hillman, et. al.,1983). Further analysis of pH patterns via one-way ANOVA and SNK indicated no clear pattern of variation among stations: 10 13 7 6 5 4 16B 12 2 8 3 15 9 14 17 4A 1 10A 10B Similarly, there was no clear pattern of significant variation by month: JAN FEB SEP DEC APR OCT JUN NOV JUL MAR AUG MAY although some differences were apparent when the data were examined by bioyear, these did not comprise any directed temporal pattern of change in the bay: 80/31 75/76 76/77 81/82 83/84 79/80 77/78 82/83 78/79 Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen levels tend to be lower in the summer when the water is warmer and can hold less oxygen, and highest when water temperatures are lowest in the winter. Dissolved oxygen levels at the 20 exposure panel stations for the report period are shown in Tables C-1 through C-12, and the maximum, minimum and mean levels are given in Table C-13. At no time during the present report period was dissolved oxygen seen to be an especially critical problem. There were some unusually low readings at various times throughout the period, however. For example, in January at Station 17, when levels of
TABLE C-17. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF pH RECORDED AT EXPOSURE FANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,
. 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984.
l Sum of Mean Significance Sum of Mean Significance l Source of Variation Squares DF Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F l Main Effects 94.!!3 14 6.722 37.26306 0.000 Main Effects 16.913 8 2.114 7.916521 0.000 l l l Region 5.373 4 1.343 7.445654 0.000' Region 5.983 4 1.496 5.601374 0.000 Season 10.116 3 3.372 18.69088 0.000 Season 4.052 3 1.351 5.057946 0.002 Bioyear 77.122 7 11.017 61.07148 0.000 Outage 6.593 1 6.593 24.68734 0.000 l 2-Uay Interactions 92.526 61 1.517 8.407915 0.000 2-Way Interactions 27.713 19 1.459 5.461820 0.000 Region / Season 4.789 12 0.399 2.212146 0.009 Region / Season 4.745 ! ?. 0.395 1.480662 0.124 Region /Bioyear 8.563 28 0.306 1.695255 0.013 Region / Outage 2.188 4 0.547 2.048667 0.085 Season /Bioyear 79.226 21 3.773 20.91253 0.000 Season / Outage 20.647 3 6.882 25.77251 0.000 3-Uay Interactions 17.868 79 0.226 1.253704 0.069 3-Way Interactions 3.554 12 0.2% 1.109009 0.348 Region / Season /Bioyear 17.868 79 0.226 1.253704 0.069 Region / Season / Outage 3.554 12 0.2% 1.109009 0.348 n l Explained 204.507 154 1.328 7.361093 0.000 Explained 48.179 39 1.235 4.626022 0.000 $ Residual 283.955 1574 0.150 Residual 523.144 1959 0.267 Total 488.461 1728 0.283 Total 571.323 1998 0.286 3
C-34 dissolved oxygen were generally high throughout the area, the recorded level was 5.0 mg/l (Table C-2). In July, again at Station 17, the dissolved oxygen level was recorded at 3.4 mg/l (Table C-8), and in August it was that same level at Station 4 (Table C-9). The results of the factorial ANOVAs for dissolved oxygen are shown in Table C-18. For the analysis using bioyear, all three main effects were very highly significant, with seasonal variation being by far the most important factor affecting dissolved oxygen concentrations. Based on the results of the multiple classification analysis, season accounted for nearly 55% of the total variation in dissolved oxygen in the bay. This is clearly attributable to the variation in oxygen solubility with temperature with lowest oxygen values occurring during the warmer months and seasonal maxima during late winter. When the analysis was repeated replacing bioyear with a dummy dichotomous variable reflecting OCNGS operating status, the results were similar, with all three main effects being very highly significant. Dissolved oxygen values have decreased slightly since OCNGS has been off-line; this is apparently as a result of the recently elevated bay temperatures discussed above. One-way ANOVA by station indicated no significant differences (p=.327). When this analysis was repeated by month, a clear pattern of relationships was apparent: JUL AUG SEP JUN OCT MAY NOV APR DEC 3AN MAR FEB this pattern is consistent with both previous reports (Hillman, et. al.,1984) and the relationship between dissolved oxygen and water temperature discussed above. When the data were analyzed by bioyear, the pattern of significant differences was also consistent with earlier observations on temperature: 82/83 83/84 80/81 81/82 75/76 76/77 77/78 79/80 78/79 the two most recent bioyears, which were characterized by elevated temperatures, had correspondingly decreased dissolved oxygen concentrations.
, 3 TABLE C-18.
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCS OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN RECORDED AT EXPOSURE PAN'L STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1984. Sum of Mean Significance Sum of Mean significance Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F Source of Variation Squares DP Square F of F l Msin Effects 7242.052 14 517.289 245.8654 0.000 Main Elfects 8130.187 8 1016.273 365.3722 0.000 Region 79.288 4 19.822 9.421258 0.000 Region 97.988 4 24.497 8.807236 Season 0.000 6433.236 3 2144.412 1019.230 0.000 Season 7795.049 3 2598.350 934.1628 0.000 Bioyear 909.180 7 129.883 61.73276 0.000 Outage 388.668 388.668 139.7344 1 0.000 2-Day Interactions 809.092 61 13.264 6.304231 0.000 2-Way Interactions 87.181 19 4.588 1.649650 0.038 Region / Season 53.329 12 4.444 2.112263 0.014 Region / Season 56.105 12 4.675 1.680923 0.065 Region /Bioyear 76.840 28 2.744 1.304340 0.133 Region / Outage 20.003 5.002 Season /Bioyear 4 1.798339 0.126 675.445 21 32.164 15.28742 0.000 Season / Outage 9.585 3 3.195 1.148685 0.328 3-Day Interactions 147.270 79 1.864 0.8860377 0.751 3-Way Interactions 25.157 2.0% 12 0.7537204 0.699 Region / Season /Bioyear 147.270 79 1.864 0.8860377 0.751 Region / Season / Outage 25.157 12 2.096 0.7537204 0.699 ? Explained 8198.415 154 53.236 25.30306 0.000 Explained 8242.525 39 211.347 75.98374 0.000 Residual 3311.623 1574 2.104 Residual 5448.908 1959 2.781 Total 11510.037 1728 6.661 Total 13691.433 1998 6.853 9
C-36 References Cited Allen, M.S. 1924. Toxicity of certain compounds on marine wood boring organisms . together with some physiological considerations. In: W.G. Atwood, et al., Marine Structures, Their Deterioration and Preservation, pp. 181-196, National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore and R.A. McGrath. 1983. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1981 to November 30,1982 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Hillman, R.E., C.I. Belmore, R.A. McGrath and P.T. Banas. 1984. Study of Woodborer Populations in Relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the period December 1,1982 to November 30,1983 to GPU Nuclear. Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Massachusetts. Hoagland, K.E., L. Crockett, and R. Turner. 1980. Ecological Studies of Wood-Boring Bivalves in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Stations. NUREG/CR-1517. 65 pp. Maciolek-Blake, N., R.E. Hillman, P.I. Feder and C.I.' Belmore.1982. Study of woodborer populations in relation to the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to GPU Nuclear, Battelle New England Marine Research Laboratory, Duxbury, Mass. . Miller, R.G., Jr. 1966. Simultaneous Statistical Inference. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. Nie, N.H., C.H. Hull, J.G. Jenkins, K. Steinbrenner and D.H. Bent. 1975. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. 2nd Edition. Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1978. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1,1976 to November 30, 1977, to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No.14819.
., C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman.1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1973, to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No.14893.
Tumer, R.D. 1973. Report on marine borers (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek, Waretown, New Jersey. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. First Report, April 3,1973. 30 pp.
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