ML19064B237

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Entrainment Characterization Study 2012
ML19064B237
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Site: Peach Bottom  Constellation icon.png
Issue date: 02/25/2013
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Normandeau Associates
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Exelon Generation Co, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Hayes B, NRR-DMLR 415-7442
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PEACH BOTTOM ATOMIC POWER STATION ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERIZATION STUDY 2012 REDACTED VERSION January 2019 Prepared for:

A *

,. " Exelon Generation By: Normandeau Associates, Inc.

February 2013

Table of Contents INTR.ODUCTION .............................................................................................................. I THE STATION ................................................................................................................... I COOLING wATER SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 2 ME1HODS ......................................................................................................................... 2 SAMPLING LOCATION AND FREQUENCY ........................................................................... 2 SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD ........................................................................................ 3 SAMPLE PROCESSING AND TAXONOMY ............................................................................ 5 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL ........................................... *********************************** 5 RESULTS ............... :...................'. ....................................................................................... 6 wATER QUALITY AND RIVER DISCHARGE **************************************************** ................... 6 ENTRAINMENT SAMPLE wATER QUALITY *********************************************************************** 6 ENTRAINlvIBNT OF lCHTHYOPLANKTON .............................. ~ ............................................. 6 DESCRIPTION OF ENTRAINMENT OF COMMON SPECIES .................................................... 8 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................. 9 SPAWNING ATTRIBUTES OF SELECTED SPECIES ............................................................. 10 COMPARISON TO PREVIOUS ENTRAINMENT STUDY AT PBAPS ....................................... 12 SPECIES OF SPECIAL CONCERN.: ..................................................................................... 13 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................. 13 List of Figures Figure 1. Map ofConowingo Reservoir showing locations of Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station and other power plants.

REDACTED Figure 2. Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station cooling water intakes and discharge structures.

REDACTED Figure 3. Entrainment characterization study sampling locations at PBAPS during 2012.

Figure 4. Water temperature measured at the PBAPS outer intake screens, March to October 2012.

Figure 5. Susquehanna River discharge measured at Holtwood Hydroelectric Facility,

March to September 2012.

Figure 6. Total number offish collected in entrainment samples at PBAPS, March 8 to September 27 2012.

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. o, February 2013

Figure 7. Length-frequency distribution of fishes collected in entrainment samples at PBAPS, March 8 to September 27 2012. Excludes one American eel (TL=128 mm)

Figure 8. Number of tessellated darter collected in each entrainment sample through time at the PBAPS discharge structure* outfall during 2012.

Figure 9. Number of gizzard shad collected in each entrainment sample through time at the PBAPS discharge structure outfall during 2012.

List of Tables Table 1. Total number and percent composition offish collected in entrainment samples at the PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Table 2. Total number of each taxon and life stage collected in entrainment samples at the PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Table 3. Number of each taxon collected in entraifirnent samples during each time interval at PBAPS, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Table 4. Descriptive statistics for total length of fishes collected in entrainment samples from PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to Septerpber 27 20*12.

Table 5. Total number and percent composition of fishes collected in Conowingo Pond using electrofisher, seine, and trawl during 2010 and 2011.

Table 6. Mean densities of larval fishes collected with a towed plankton net within the PBAPS intake ponds during 1975 and 1976.

Table 7. Mean density of each taxon collected during weekly entrainment sample collections at PBAPS discharge outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Table 8. Mean density of each taxon in entrainment sample collections at PBAPS discharge outfall, Mar~h 5 to September 27 2012.

Appendices Appendix A. Work Plan for an Entrainment Characterization Study at Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Appendix B. Scientific and common names of fishes collected in Conowingo Pond.

ii PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. O, February 2013

INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of an entrainment characterization study conducted by Normandeau Associates, Inc. at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station (PBAPS). The entrainment characterization study was completed based on a work plan that was reviewed and accepted by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP). The primary objective of the entrainment study was to identify and quantify the densities of the ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) entrained through the PBAPS.

Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station currently operates under NPDES Permit No. PA 0009733 which was issued November 30, 2010 with an effective date of January 1, 2011.

The permit contains a requirement for an entrainment characterization study to be conducted over at least one fish spawning season as described.in the permit within Part C.

section II.D.1 as follows:

I. Within 90 days of permit issuance, The Permittee shall submit a Work Plan to conduct entrainment sampling (see Section 2 below) of the non-contact cooling water inn~r intake structure at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station

("Facility"). The Permittee shall respond to the Department's comments on the Work Plan within 30 days of receipt. Startup of the sampling program shall occur at the beginning of the next fish spawning season following receipt of written Department approval of the Work Plan, or an alternate schedule approved by the Department, in writing.

2. The Work Plan shall include a detailed proposal for the following entrainment sampling offish eggs and larvae.

a) Entrainment data collections shall occur for a period of at least one fish spawning season, approximately March through September, at a sampling frequency sufficient to characterize the entrainment occurring.

b) Voucher specimens of two (or one if only one is available) Chesapeake logperch (Percina bimaculata) and federal and state threatened, endangered and candidate fish species collected shall be retained and catalogued. The Department along with the appropriate state and federal authorities shall be notified w'ithin . 24-hours if any federal or state threatened, endangered, or candidate fish species are identified.

c) Entrainment data collection shall be performed by qualified consultants and/or trained professionals with the skills and knowledge appropriate for producing valid samples and evaluations under a formal QA/QC plan.

The Station PBAPS is located in York County, Pennsylvania, on the west shore of Conowingo Reservoir (Pond), approximately 3 miles upstream from the Pennsylvania-Maryland border (Figure 1). PBAPS is a two-unit nuclear-fueled power generating facility with a nominal generating capacity of 2,304 megawatts electrical (MWe). The Station operates 1

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

as a base-load facility with both units normally generating at full capacity. Unit 2 began commercial operation in June 1974 and Unit 3 entered commercial service in December 1974. Conowingo Pond was formed in 1928 with the construction of Conowingo Hydroelectric Station.

Cooling Water System PBAPS utilizes a once-through cooling system to remove waste heat from the station's condensers. The cooling water for both units is withdrawn from the Pond through an outer intake structure located on the shoreline of Conowingo Pond, through two 3-acre intake ponds (one serving each unit), and then through an inner intake structure as shown in Figure 2. Conowingo Pond refers to the portion of the Susquehanna River impounded by the Conowingo Darn; the boundaries of the Pond extend from the base of .Holtwood Darn downstream to Conowingo Darn.

The outer intake is approximately 480 ft long with a fixed vertical trash rack on the face of the intake followed by a set of 24 vertical traveling screens which have 3/8-inch mesh openings. The trash rack consists of 0.25-inch by 3-inch steel bars spaced 3.5 inches on center and is designed to prevent large debris and ice from entering the intake. The trash rack is cleaned periodically per a preventative maintenance program.

After passing through the outer intake, the cooling water flows through the intake ponds to the inner intake. Fish live and grow in the ponds and can enter the ponds through the outer screens when they are small, by being carried over the screens if they are not removed during the screen cleaning process, and through the cross-tie gate from the discharge canal in winter. During cold weather and on an as-needed basis, a cross-tie gate between the discharge basin and the intake ponds is opened to re-circulate some of the heated discharge water.

At the inner intake, water enters the pumphouse through eight screen.bays. Two bays are devoted to service water flows and six convey water to the circulating water pumps.

Water flowing to the circulating water pumps is screened by 3/8-inch mesh dual-flow, or dual-entry single-exit, traveling screens. Approximately 47 ft downstream from the screens, there are six circulating water pumps, three per unit, each with a capacity of about 361 MGD (250,880 gpm) for a facility total of 2,168 MGD (3,360 cfs). The water travels from the circulating water pumps and then passes through the condensers and is discharged into a common basin (Figure 2). From the common basin the discharge flows down a 4, 700-ft long canal to the Conowingo Pond.

METHODS Sampling Location and Frequency Entrainment sampling was conducted at the circulating water discharge outfall for Units 2 and 3, not at the inner circulating water intake structure as stated in the NPDES permit.

2 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

Exelon had serious plant safety concerns regarding maintaining the integrity of the nuclear plant's water supply and would not allow the sampling equipment to be installed within the inner intake structure. As discussed in EPRI (2005), sampling in the power plant discharge actually has advantages over sampling at the intake, such as:

  • Certainty that all organisms collected were actually entrained and
  • Turbulence reduces potential bias resulting from non-random vertical distribution of entrained organisms.

The sampling frequency of the entrairunent characterization study was based on guidance provided by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Entrainment Abundance Monitoring Technical Support Document (EPRI 2005) and based on similar PA DEP-approved entrainment studies conducted recently by Normandeau Associates, Inc.

(Normandeau) at other generating stations in Pennsylvani~ (Normandeau 2008a, 2008b).

Entrainment sampling was performed over one 24-hour sampling event each week from March through September 2012. The weekly sampling event was scheduled for approximately the same day each week to ensure regular spacing of the events. If either planned or unanticipated events interfered with this schedule, the sampling interval was adjusted one or more days. If the circulating water pumps of both Unit 2 and Unit 3 were not operable for an extended period (i.e., for several days during a week), the sampling was not completed. As long as one unit was operating, .the sampling was completed.

Sampling was performed by trained personnel from Normandeau operating under an approved sampling protocol.

Sample Collection Method The samples were collected with a 3-inch electric pump that obtained the sample water through a 3-inch diameter pipe positioned vertically in the discharge basin as close as feasible to the discharge structure outfall. The pump was located on the bank of the discharge basin with the suction line leading to the sampling pipe which was attached to a rock-filled structure at the discharge outfall (Figure 3). Samples were obtained from mid-depth in the water column through a 90-degree elbow* or "I facing into the discharge current.

Total target volume of each pumped sample was approximately 100 cubic meters (28,000 gallons). The suction line conveyed the sample water to the sampling pump and then through a calibrated in-line flow meter. The electric pump had a pumping rate of approximately 150 gallons per minute.as measured by the in-line flow meter. This flow rate was approximately 0.6 cubic meters per minute. Thus, a total of approximately 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> of pumping was completed to obtain a single sample of approximately 100 m3

  • One sample was collected every 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> for each weekly 24-hour sampling event. From the pump the sample was discharged through a 4-inch pipe into a plankton net constructed of 500-micron mesh and suspended in a large tank of water. The velocity of water exiting the hose was thereby reduced greatly before encountering the mesh of the net. The lower velocity reduced potential damage to the eggs and larval fish specimens.

3 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

The 500-micron mesh net is fine enough to capture the eggs and larvae of all fishes likely to be encountered at PBAPS. The contents of the plankton net were rinsed down from the outside with ambient water and carefully transferred to sample containers. The samples were immediately preserved with 10 percent buffered formalin, labeled (both inside and out) and s~nt to Normandeau's laboratory for analysis.

The sample was acceptable if all of the following conditions were met:

  • A minimum sample volume of approximately 100 m3 was collected, unless this volume was impractical to achieve due to clogging, pumping problems, etc.,
  • The net was not torn,
  • The flowmeter was not physically damaged,
  • None of the ichthyoplankton sample was lost or spilled during the net rinse down and sample transfer steps.

For each sample the following information was recorded:

  • Volume of water filtered,
  • Intake water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH at the start of each sample,
  • Date and time of the day atthe start and end of each sample,
  • Identification of the circulating water and other major pumps in operation at the start and end of each 24-hour sampling event,
  • Names of the sample collectors, and
  • Any deviations from the sampling protocol, unusual conditions, or other pertinent observations.

Mechanical issues occurred with the entrainment collection system from April 5 to May

2. Specifically, part of the entrainment collection system piping which was attached to the rock-filled structure (stand pipe) was damaged during the study period. The turbulent flows created from the Unit 2 and 3 discharge cracked the stand pipe and resulted in complete loss of suction and rendered the collectfon system inoperable. This resulted in the need to complete alternative sampling while a new stand pipe was being fabricated and installed. Alternative entrainment sampling was completed to ensure a complete data record during the course of the study period. The alternative sampling method was completed by suspending a 1-m diameter plankton net from the road bridge at the head of the discharge canal (Figure 3). The net was lowered approximately 2-4 feet below the water surface into the discharge canal and a sample was collected. A General Oceanics Mechanical Flowmeter was mounted in the mouth of the net and used to record the volume of water sampled. The alternative method yielded four samples; two collections during the day and two at night. Each sample was collected over an approximately 20-minute period with a target sample volume of l 00 m3
  • 4 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

Sample Processing and Taxonomy All samples were processed in entirety for ichthyoplankton (eggs and larvae), juvenile, and adult fish. Samples were sorted under magnification to ensure that all organisms were removed.

The specimens were removed from the samples, identified to the lowest taxonomic category practicable (generally species), and counted. Larvae and juveniles were categorized by lifestage into prolarvae (yolk-sac larvae), postlarvae (post yolk-sac larvae), young-of-the-year (YOY), yearling or older, and unknown. The unknown life stage indicated that the larvae were damaged or the life stage could not be determined.

The unknown life stage larvae were either prolarvae or postlarvae. The separation of these two life stages can be difficult if the specimens are damaged. For each sample a maximum of 20 individuals for each species and life stage category was measured for total length to the nearest 0.1 mm (nearest 1.0 mm for juvenile fish).

All ichthyoplankton specimens were retained for the duration of the study. If any Federal or Pennsylvania endangered, threatened, or candidate fish species were collected, the appropriate Federal and state authorities were to be notified within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of making a confirmed identification of any of these important species. Specimens of the genus Percina were to be retained for transfer to the PA DEP at a later date.

In situ water quality measurements were collected :from the PBAPS discharge canal. A calibrated YSI Sonde was used to determine water temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen prior to and after the collection of each entrainment sample. In addition, water temperature monitoring at the PBAPS outer intake structure was completed concurrently for another study (Normandeau 2013). Water temperature was recorded using an Onset HOBO Pro v2 water temperature data logger which recorded water temperature every 15 minutes. Discharge records for Holtwood Hydroelectric Facility were also included to characterize flows entering Conowingo Pond. Holtwood Dam is located approximately 6 miles upstream :from the PBAPS intake.

Fish entrainment density was calculated for each week of sampling. These estimates were based upon the mean density of each taxon which was calculated from the density observed in each of the four entrainment samples collected during each week. Density was calculated by dividing the actual number of each taxon in a sample by the volume of water filtered through the sampling net. Mean density for each week was determined by summing the density of each taxon in the four samples and dividing by four. Estimated density for each tax.on was also determined for the entire study period. This overall density was determined by summing the density of each taxon observed in a sample and dividing by the total number of samples collected.

Quality Assurance and Control Entrainment sampling was performed by trained individuals from Normandeau working under a standard operating procedure and quality assurance plan developed for the entrainment study. Field instruments were calibrated prior to each sampling event 5

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

  • according to the manufacturer's specifications. Laboratory processing and identification were performed by Normandeau's trained technicians and experienced taxonomists, respectively, operating under a formal QA/QC plan.

RESULTS Water Quality and River Discharge Daily mean water temperature measured at the PBAPS intake during the entrainment sampling program ranged from 12.l to 30.7 °C (Figure 4). Water temperature during the start of the study was cool, actually decreasing slightly during the end of March. During April water temperature increased gradually and then co*oled slightly toward the end of the month. From May onward water temperatures gradually increased reaching the highest temperatures in mid-July. Temperatures gradually decreased from mid-July to the end of the study period. Water temperatures were coolest in March and April and wannest during July.

Susquehanna River discharge data was available from the Holtwood Hydroelectric Facility. River discharge during the entrainment sampling period ranged from 5,900 to 107,300 cubic feet per second (cfs) with mean flow of 24,945 cfs. Flows were highest during March and May to mid-June, then relatively low throughout the end of the study period (Figure 5). The highest daily mean discharge of 107 ,300 cfs was recorded on May 17.

Entrainment Sample Water Quality Measurements of water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH were recorded for the PBAPS discharge outfall during the course of the entrainment sampling program.

Water temperature in the discharge ranged from 20.7 to 41.1 °C with mean of 32.4 °C.

Temperatures in the discharge canal followed a similar trend to that of the ambient Pond temperatures measured at the* PBAPS intake structure (Figure 4 ). Water pH during the study ranged from 7.1 to 8.9 with mean of 8.1. Dissolved oxygen in the discharge water ranged fyom 5.0 to 13.6 milligrams per liter (mg/I) with mean of 8.3 mg/I.

Entrainment of lchthyoplankton A total of 112 entrainment samples were collected from March 8 to September 27, 2012 over the 30-week sampling period. Samples collected with the 3-inch pump accounted for 88 of the collected entrainment samples. Four samples were collected during each 24-hr sampling event each week. The first sample each week was collected between 06:00-12:00hrs with subsequent samples collected approximately 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> later, between

~ 12:00-l 8:00hrs, 18:00-00:00hrs, and 00:00-06:00lirs. Water volumes for these samples ranged from 102 to 130 m3 with mean of 106 m3.

Twenty-four samples were collected using the alternative sampling method. Most of the alternative method samples were collected from April 5 to May 2 with two samples collected in June and four samples collected in August Four 20-minute samples were 6

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

collected during each 24-hr sampling event. The first two samples were collected between 06:00-12:00 hrs and the remaining two samples were collected between 18:00-00:00 hrs. Water volumes for the alternative samples ranged from 57 to 193 m3 with mean of 123 m3

  • For both collection methods a total of 6,562,430 gallons (24,841m 3) of water was sampled during the entire study period.

Ten species were represented by . the 1,529 fish eggs and larvae collected in the 112 samples (Table 1). Gizzard shad (76.0%) was the most numerically abundant taxon.

Other common species include tessellated darter (7.8%), banded darter (1.2%), and channel catfish (0.7%). A total of 12.2% of the larval fishes that were collected were not identifiable because of damage to the larvae as a result of being transported through the PBAPS cooling water system or through the entrainment sampling system.

Most of the 1,440 larval fish collected were yolk-sac larvae, post yolk-sac larvae, or unknown (either yolk-sac or post yolk-sac larvae) life stage (Table 2). A majority (50.0%) of the entrained fishes were unknown life stage (either yolk-sac or post-yolk sac larvae). Yolk-sac larvae and post yolk-sac larvae were also abundant, comprising 22.2 and 22.0% of all individuals, respectively. A total of 74 fish eggs were collected which accounted for 4.8% of entrained organisms. Only 13 YOY and two yearling and older fishes were collected.

Temporal variation in fish entrainment was evident with a majority of the fish being collected from April 18 to July 27 (Figure 6). Only one fish was collected in March (spottail shiner) and only three fish were collected during August and September. The largest entrainment sample collections occurred on April 25 and May 30 when 375 and 350 fish were collected, respectively. Most fish were collected during nighttime hours with 36% collected between 18:00-00:00 hrs (Table 3).

Of the entrained fish, 284 were measured for total length. A majority of these were gizzard shad, tessellated darter, and banded darter (Table 4). Mean length for entrained fish was 6.5 mm (standard deviatio~ of 3.4 mm). Most of the entrained fish ranged in total length from 3 to 9 mm (Figure 4). The overall length range for entrained fish was between 3 mm (gizzard shad) and 128 mm (American eel) (Table 4).

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Description of Entrainment of Common Species Banded darter A total of 19 banded darter was collected in entrainment samples. All coJlected individuals were either yolk-sac or post yolk-sac larvae. Banded darter was collected from April 19 to August 1, with most of the individuals being collected in May 8. Mean entrainment density of banded darter over the study period was 1.59/1000m3 with maximum density of 21.9 occurring in week 10. Mean total length of banded darter was 7.6 mm with range between 6 and 10 mm.

Channel catfish A total of 11 channel catfish was collected in the entrainment samples. Eight YOY and three post yolk-sac larvae were collected from June 14 to July 6. Entrainment density of channel catfish for the sample period was 0.92/1000m3 with a maximum density of 14.7/1000m3 during week 16. Mean total length of channel catfish was 15.5 mm and ranged between 14.5 and 17 mm.

Gizzard shad Gizzard shad was the most abundant fish in entrainment samples with a total of 1, 162 individuals collected. Most of the identifiable life stages of gizzard shad were either post yolk-sac (206) or yolk-sac (285) larvae. The unknown life stage (600), which includes both yolk-sac and post yolk-sac larvae, accounted for most of the gizzard shad. A total of 71 gizzard shad eggs was collected. Gizzard shad was collected from April 19 to July 18 in 23 of the 30 sample weeks (Figure 9). The largest single collection event (four samples) occurred on April 25, when a total of 362 individuals was collected. The mean entrainment density of gizzard shad over the sample period was 92.22/l 000m3 with maximum entrainment density of 1327. 7/1000m 3 in week 13 (Tables. 7 and 8). Total length of gizzard shad larvae ranged from 3.0 to 18 mm with mean length of 5.3 mm.

Sunfishes A total of six sunfishes were collected in entrainment samples. All six sunfishes were post yolk-sac larvae and were collected from April 25 to May 2. This group represents the genus Lepomis and includes green sunfish, bluegill, and pumpkinseed. Larvae of these species are not distinguishable from each other at this life stage. Entrainment density of Lepomis spp. was 0.48/1000m3 for the study period with maximum density of 11.5/1000m3 recorded during week 8. Mean total length of this group was 5.0 m with length range between 4.5 and 6 mm.

Tessellated darter Tessellated darter was the second most abundant fish collected in entrainment samples with a total of 119 individuals collected. Most tessellated darter were either yolk-sac (44) or post yolk-sac (49) larvae. This species was collected from April 19 to May 30 (Figure 8

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

8). Entrainment density of tessellated darter was 10.111000m3 with maximum density of 185.9/1000m3 occurring in week 11 (Table 7). Mean total length of this group .was 7.0 mm with Jength range between 5 and 17 mm.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The resuJts of the 2012 entrainment characterization study were consistent with the expected results based on the known fish species composition in Conowingo Pond and historic entrainment and ichthyoplankton studies in Conowingo Pond in the vicinity of PBAPS. The highest rates of entrainment occurred during the spawning season for the abundant species in Conowingo Pond which extended from April to July. Few fishes were entrained during March, August or September.

Recent fish surveys have been completed in Conowingo Pond as a part of a 316(a)

Demonstration Study (Normandeau 2011, 2012b). During these field surveys in 2010 and 2011 a total of 43 fish species and 38,145 individuals was collected (Table 5). The dominant species observed were gizzard shad (42.4%), channel catfish (19.5%), spotfui and comely shiners (14.7%), and bluegill (6.6%). The proportion of several of the species observed during these recent field surveys was also reflected in the rates of entrainment of these species observed in the PBAPS outfall discharge. However, many of the abundant species based on recent field surveys were absent from the entrainment samples. Much of a given fish species likelihood of being entrained is related to species-specific life history traits and their preferred spawning locations within a waterbody.

Other important factors that affect rates of entrainment include the type of waterbody (lentic, lotic, or tidaJ), location of the cooling water intake structure within the waterbody, design of the cooling water intake, and intake approach velocities of the water entering the cooling water system.

Many of the fish species that occur within Conowingo Pond are nest builders that lay adhesive and demersal eggs. Species with these traits include the family Centrarchidae (bluegill, largemouth and smallmouth bass, and green sunfish), Ictaluridae (catfishes),

and several darter (Etheostoma spp.) species. These attributes can significantly reduce the likelihood of larval fishes or eggs being entrained and subsequently being transported through the PBAPS cooling water system. Species without these life history traits are more likely to be entrained. These species are broadcast spawners, lay semi-adh~sive eggs that may not be demersaJ. Some of these species include common carp, gizzard shad, some native minnow species, and white sucker.

Spawning locations in relation to the PBAPS intake structure are aJso . important in determining rates of entrained fishes. Spawning habitats for most of the nest building species are limited in the immediate vicinity of the PBAPS intake structure. Most of the spawning locations with the highest densities of ichthyoplankton have been previously determined to occur in areas other than those in close proximity to the PBAPS intake structure (Ichthyological Associates 1976, Anjard 1977). Therefore, the eggs and larvae of these species are not likely to be in close proximity of the PBAPS intake structure and to be entrained. Eggs and larvae of nest-building species are more likely to be entrained 9

PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

during high flow events or floods that transport eggs or larvae from spawning locations into the water column and subsequently through the cooling water system. Generalist, broadcast spawners that occur in Conowingo Pond tend to spawn over submerged vegetation, woody debris, or other structures. These species include gizzard shad, quillback, and common carp. Primary spawning areas of gizzard shad have been previously determined to include areas in the immediate vicinity of the PBAPS intake structure and downstream near the mouth of Broad Creek (lchthyological Associates 1976). Gizzard shad eggs are more likely to be entrained because spawning occurs in close proximity to the intake structure.

Gizzard shad were introduced to Conowingo Pond in 1972 during transport of American shad in the Conowingo Dam fish lifts. The fish lifts are designed to transport adult American shad upstream of the Dam during their migratory spawning runs. The numbers of gizzard shad adults that are transported into Conowingo Pond have increased over recent years. During 2012 a total of 1.2 million adult gizzard shad were introduced into Conowingo Pond from the Conowingo Dam fish lift (Normandeau 2012a). The introduction of these adult gizzard shad during spring of 2012 coincided with the highest entrainment collections of gizzard shad eggs and larvae. Large numbers of adult gizzard shad were observed during a concurrent field study that was being conducted in the vicinity of PBAPS during the spring of 2012. Many of entrained gizzard shad eggs and larvae were likely spawned by the recently introduced gizzard shad completing their migratory spawning runs upriver.

Spawning Attributes of Selected Species

'Gizzard shad Gizzard shad spawn from March to August, usually between April and June in temperate latitudes (Miller 1960). Spawning usually occurs at near surface depths (0.3 to l .6m), but sometimes as deep as 15 m, and sometimes over vegetation or debris (Jones et al. 1978, Miller 1960, Wang and Kemehan 1979). Spawning groups swim near the surface and roll about as a mass, ejecting eggs and sperm (Miller 1960). Eggs are demersal and adhere to algae, rocks, *and other objects (Miller 1960). Fecundity (total number of mature eggs in the ovary prior to spawning) is 22,400 to 543,000 eggs per female (Schneider 1969).

Channel catfish Channel catfish usually spawn in secluded, semi-darkened nests under rocks, in log jams, in holes, and in other types of cavities (Harlan and Speaker 1956). Nests are constructed in these sheltered areas by both sexes (Clemens and Sneed 1957). They spawn in late spring or early summer when water temperatures reach 24 °C. Females produce from 3,000 to 4,000 eggs per pound of body weight (Clemens and Sneed 1957). Hatching occurs in five to ten days at 26 to 28 °C (Jones et al. 1978). The male cares for the eggs (Clemens and Sneed 1957).

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Banded darter Spawning appears to take place between 20 and 25 °C (Page 1983, Erickson* and Mahan 1982). Banded darters have adhesive eggs which they attach to filamentous algae and aquatic plants (ODNR website). Spawning occurs in riffles of depths less than 60 cm and this darter typically attaches its eggs to vegetation (Pflieger 1975). Fecundity is80-262 mature ova (Erickson 1977).

White Sucker The typical spawning habitat is riffles with largely gravel bottoms in large creeks to large rivers (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Fecundity is 20,000 to 139,000 ova (Scott and Crossman 1973). The fertilized eggs adhere to the gravel in riffles or drift downstream where they adhere to the substrate in areas with water of slow velocity (Geen et al. 1966).

Tessellated darter In the northern areas, tessellated darters spawn in May or early June and presumably the southern populations spawn earlier. The male chooses a spawning site and guards the site throughout the spawning period. Typically, the adhesive eggs are deposited under an overhanging rock or log or other obstruction but they may spawn on top of flat rocks also (Schmidt 1980). Tsai (1972) reported that fecundity ranged from 54-668 with larger females containing the greater numbers of eggs. A female may not necessarily lay all the eggs she contains, however.

The social behavior of the tessellated darter is apparently unique among fishes in that males regularly clean and defend eggs which they did not fertilize (Constantz 1979).

Large, behaviorally dominant males defend the few rocks in the stream which are suitable for spawning. After fertilizing eggs deposited by the female at one rock, dominant males often move to other rocks which appear to offer more uncovered spawning surface, apparently because these rocks are preferred by _spawning females. Subordinate males occupy newly-vacated rocks and clean the remaining uncovered surface, incidentally cleaning the dominant male's eggs.

Centrarchidae The spawning behavior of all of the centrarchids (Lepomis, Pomoxis, Amb/oplites, and Micropterus) is remarkably similar (Cooper 1983). Males prepare a nest over clean hard substrates, spawn singly with one or more females in the nest, and then drive away all other fishes and other large invaders. The adhesive eggs in the nests are aerated by swimming motions of the male, and the eggs and young are guarded against predators.

Native minnow species Notropis, Luxilus, Cyprinella and Pimephales are the four genera that comprise the vast majority of the native minnow species that inhabit Conowingo Pond. According to ------

Jenkins and Burkhead (1993), Notropis and Luxilus are relatively primitive broadcast spawners and Cyprine/la and Pimephales are egg-attachers. Members of the genus Notropis typically spawn in shallow runs or riffles, either on unmodified gravel substrate or over minnow nests, sucker redds, or nests of other species (Pflieger 1975, R. J. Miller 1964). Egg counts of the. saffron shiner (Notropis rubricroceus) were 445-1,174 (Outten 11 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

1958). Egg counts of the emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) were 888-5,443 (Heufelder and Fuiman 1982).

Species in the genus Luxilus commonly or exclusively are associates of gravel nest-building minnows; some species dig rudimentary. spawning pits (Jenkins and Burkhead 1994). Some striped shiners (Luxilus chrysocephalus) produced more than 1,000 eggs (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).

Cyprinella species such as spotfinshiner (Cypri11ella spi/optera) typically deposit eggs in crevices in loose bark on trees or stumps or other "artificial" substrates, and are often fractional spawners, producing up to 3,600 to 7,000 eggs in total per year (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993).

Spawning of Pimephales typically occurs between late May and September. Spawning takes place in pool shallows beneath stones or debris. When natural cavities are lacking, sometimes the male burrows through the silt to create a space beneath an object (Parker 1964). The eggs are usually deposited in the cavities in a* single layer, rarely in clumps (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Females of thi~ genus, like Cyprinella, are fractional

. spawners (Jenkins and Burkhead 1993). Males defend the nest.

Comparison to previous entrainment study at PBAPS The most recent historical entrainment study was performed by Anjard (1977) who coJlected weekly ichthyoplankton samples at three locations (both intake ponds and discharge canal) at PBAPS from May through July in 1975-1976. Collections were taken by towing a plankton net from a boat for 10-minute intervals. A total of seven eggs larvae of 20 species were collected in entrainment samples over the 2-year period. The

.inost common were larvae of the gizzard shad, common carp, quillback, channel catfish,

'and tessellated darter. The gizzard shad, common carp, and quillback made up over 80%

of the collected larvae while larvae of the sunfishes, smalJmouth bass, white crappie, and walleye comprised 2%. The mean density of larvae in the 1975 and 1976 spawning seasons was 131.6/1000m3 of which 60;0/1000m3 (44%) were gizzard shad (Table 6).

Entrainment varied over the 3-month sampling period. The highest densities of the commonly entrained fish larvae qccurred between the last week in May and the first week in July. From May through early June larvae of the common carp and quillback were abundant, while from mid-June until mid-July the gizzard shad and channel catfish predominated. The larvae of sunfishes were entrained in June and July, shield darter and tessellated darter in June. The species composition, densities, and seasonal occurrence of entrained fish larvae were similar to those observed in Conowingo Pond adjacent to the Peach Bottom intakes (Anjard 1975* and 1976).

Estimated entrainment density of all fishes was slightly lower (122.6/1000m3) in 2012 compared to 1975-1976 (average= 131.6/1000m3) (Tables 6 and 8). A total of IO taxa were entrained in 2012 compared to the 20 taxa collected during the historic entrainment study. Gizzard shad had the highest entrainment densities during 2012 (92.2/1000m3) and during the historic study (60/1000m3). No quillback were collected in 2012 compared to mean of 26.6/1000m 3 in the historic study. Common carp entrainment 12 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. a, February 2013

3 density was also lower in 2012 (0.13/1000m ) compared to historic study (22/1000m3).

Other species that were collected during both entrainment studies with similar entrainment densities included tessellated darter, channel catfish, spottail shiner, white sucker, and sunfishes (Tables 6 and 8). In general entrainment rates were lower for most species in 2012 compared to the historic study. Part of the differences in entrainment rates may be related to the locations that the samples were collected from in the two entrainment studies. Samples collected during 2012 were collected from the PBAPS discharge outfall where most specimens likely were entrained through the PBAPS cooling system. The samples collected in 1975-1976 were collected from the intake ponds (each 3-acres in size) and a portion of the fishes collected were not likely to be entrained, but rather may have been living within the intake ponds and never been subject to entrainment through the PBAPS cooling system.

Species of Special Concern No state or federally listed endangered or threatened species were collected in the entrainment samples. However, two species of concern, Chesapeake logperch and American eel, occur within Conowingo Pond and a brief discussion of these species follows.

The Chesapeake logperch (Percina bimaculata) was recently listed as a threatened species in Pennsylvania and is also currently listed as threatened in the state of Maryland.

This species has been recently collected in Conowingo Pond (Table 6). The Chesapeake logperch range includes the lower Susquehanna River and several tributaries including Fishing Creek, Muddy Creek, Peters Creek, Michael Run, and Octoraro Creek. This species only occurs in approximately 30 combined stream and river miles within Pennsylvania. No Chesapeake logperch were collected during entrainment sampling in 2012.

A single ju\'enile American eel (Anguilla rostrata) was collected in an entrainment sample on September 27. Few American eels are present within Conowingo Pond and none were collected during tecent fish surveys in Conowingo Pond (Table 6). The American eel population is in apparent decline and is considered a species of concern. In 2011 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service initiated a new status review for the American eel as a result of a 90-day finding on the Council for Endangered Species Act Reliability's petition to list the American eel as threatened under the authority of the Endangered Species Act.

REFERENCES Anjard, C. A. 1975. Meter Net Catches, p. 3-54 to 3-61. In T. W. Robbins and D. Mathur, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Postoperational Report No. 3 on the Ecology of Conowingo Pond for the Period of July 1974-December 1974. Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Drumore, Pennsy Ivania.

13 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

Anjard, C. A. 1976. Meter Net Catches. p. 3-54 to 3-61. In T. W. Robbins and D. Mathur, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station Postoperational Report No. 5 on the Ecology of Conowingo Pond for the Period July 1975-December 1975. Ichthyological Associates, Inc., Drumore, Pennsylvania.

Anjard, C. A. 1977. Entrainment of fish eggs and larvae at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station, Pennsylvania. November 1977. RMC Ecological Division.

Presented at the.1978 Northeast Fish and Wildlife Conference.

Clemens and Sneed. 1957. The spawning behavior of the channel catfish, Jctalurus punctatus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report, Fisheries 219. As cited in Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1993. The Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

Constantz, G.D. 1979. Social dynamics and parental care in the tessellated darter (Pisces:

Percidae). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Vol.

131, (1979), pp. 131-138.

Cooper, E. L. 1983. Fishes of Pennsylvania and the Northeastern United States. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, PA.

EPRl. 2005. Entrainment Abundance Monitoring Technical Support Document.

Electric Power Research Institute Report No. 1011280. Palo Alto, CA.

Erickson, J.E. 1977. The life history of the banded darter, Etheostoma zonale zonale (Cope), in the Cannon River, Minnesota Dissertations Abstracts International (Section B) 38:2569. As cited in Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1993. The Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD

  • Erickson, J.E. and D.C. Mahan. 1982. Biology, Distribution, and status of the banded darter, Etheostoma zonale, in Michigan. Michigan Academician. 14(4): 347-358.

As cited at http://mnfi.anr.msu.edu/abstracts/zoology/Etheostoma zonale.pdf Accessed February 2, 2013.

Geen, G. H., T. G. Northcote, G. F. Hartman, and C. C. Lindsey. 1966. Life histories of two species of catostomid fishes in Sixteenmile Lake, British Columbia, with particular reference to inlet stream spawning. J. Fish. Res. Board Can.

23(11):1761-1788. As cited in Twomey, K. A., K. L. Williamson, and P. C.

Nelson. 1984. Habitat suitability index models and instream flow suitability ----------

curves: White sucker. U.S. Fish Wildl. Service FWS/OBS-82/10.64. 56 pp.

Harlan, J. R. and E.B. Speaker. 1956. Iowa Fish and Fishing. Iowa State Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa.

14 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. O, February 2013

Heufelder, G.R. and L.A. Fuiman. 1982. Family Cyprinidae, carps and minnows. p. 174-344. In N.A. Auer (ed.) Identification oflarval fishes of the Great Lakes basin with emphasis on the Lake Michigan drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Special Puhl. 82-3, 744 p. As cited in Jenkins, R. E., and N. M. Burkhead. 1993. The Freshwater Fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.

Ichthyological Associates, Inc. 1976. Supplemental Materials Prepared for the Environmental Protection Agency 316 (a) Demonstration for PBAPS Units No. 2 and 3 on Conowingo Pond. June 1976. Prepared for Philadelphia Electric Company.

Jenkins, R. E. and N. M. Burkhead. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Virginia American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin, and J.D. Hardy, Jr. 1978. Development of the Fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight: An atlas of the egg, larval, and juvenile stages, Volume I.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Service Program FWS/OBS-78/12.

Miller R. J. 1964. Behavior and ecology of some North American Cyprinid fishes.

American Midland Naturalist 72:313-357.

Miller, R.R. 1960. Systematics and biology of the gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and related fishes, Fishery Bulletin 173, Fishery Bulletin of the Fish and Wildlife Service, Volume 60. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2008a. Entrainment and Impingment Monitoring Studies at Fairless Hills Generating Station During 2005-2006. Prepared for Exelon Generation Company, LLC. December 2008.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2008b. Entrainment and Impingment Monitoring Studies at Eddystone Generating Station During 2005-2006. Prepared for Exelon Generation Company, LLC. December 2008.

Normandeau Associates, Inc., 2011. 2010 Interim Report for the Thermal Study to Support a 316(a) Demonstration. Normandeau Associates, Inc. and ERM, Inc.

February 2011.

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2012a. Summary of Operations at the Conowingo Dam ---- - ---

East Fish Passage Facility, Spring 2012. Prepared for Exelon Generation Company, Darlington, MD.

15 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2012b. 2011 Interim Report for the Thermal Study to Support a 316(a) Demonstration, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station, March 2012. Prepared for Exelon Nuclear, March 2012.

  • Normandeau Associates, Inc. 2013(in press). 2012 Interim Report for the Thermal Study to Support a 316(a) Demonstration, Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station, March 2013. Prepared for Exelon Nuclear, March 2013.

Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Banded Darter.

http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/Home/species a to z/bandeddarter/tabid/21853/Defau lt.aspx Accessed February 4, 2013 Outten, L. 1958. Studies of the life history of the cyprinid fishes Notropis ga/acturus and rubricroceus. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society 74:122-134.

Page, L.M. 1983. Handbook of Darters. T.F.H. Publishing, Inc. Neptune City, New Jersey. 271pp Parker, H. L. 1964. Natural history of Pimephales vigilax (Cyprinidae). Southwestern Naturalist 8:228-235. As cited in Jenkins, RE. and N. M. Burkhead. 1993.

Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland.

Pflieger, W. L. 1975. The Fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, Missouri.

Schmidt, R. E. 1980. The Tessellated Darter. American Currents.

http://www:nanfa.org/articles/actessel.shtml Accessed February 4, 2013 Schneider, R.W. 1969. Some aspects of the life history of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, in Smith Mountain Lake, Virginia. Master's Thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Va.

Scott W.B. and E. J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Bulletin 184.

Tsai, C. 1972. Life history of the eastern johnny darter, Etheostoma olmstedi Storer, in cold tailwater and sewage-polluted water. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 101(1): 80-88.

Wang, J.C. S. and R. J. Kernehan. 1979. Fishes of the Delaware Estuaries, a guide to early life histories. EA Communications, Ecological Analysts, Inc., Towson, Maryland. 410 pp.

16 PBAPS Entrainment Study Report Rev. 0, February 2013

FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Conowingo Reservoir showing locations of Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station and other power plants.

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Table 1. Total number and percent composition offish collected in entrainment samples at the PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Common Name Scientific Name Total Number Percent Composition Americ::an eel Anguilla rostrata l 0.1 Banded darter Etheostoma zonale 19 1.2 Carp and minnow family Cyprinidae 5 0.3 Channel catfish /ctalurus punctatus 11 0.7 Common carp Cyprinus carpio 2 0.1 Darter species Etheostoma spp. 9 0.6 Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum 1162 76.0 greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides I 0.1 Sunfishes Lepomis spp. 6 0.4 Spottail shiner Notropis hudsonius 2 0.1 Sucker family Catostomidae 0.1 Sunfish family Centrarchidae 1 0.1 Tessellated darter Etheostoma olmstedi 119 7.8 unidentified fish 187 12.2 White sucker Catostomus commersoni 3 0.2 Total l 529

Table 2. Total number of each taxon and life stage collected In entrainment samples at the PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Life Sta e Taxon Unknown ESB Yolk-sac larvae Post yolk-sac larvae YOY Yearling and older Total American eel 1 1 Banded darter 1 8 10 19 Cyprlnidae 5 5 Channel catfish 3 8 11 Common carp 1 2 Etheostoma species 7 2 9 Gizzard shad 600 71 285 206 1,162 greenslde darter 1 1 Lepomls species 6 6 Spottail shiner 1 2 Catostomldae 1 Centrarchidae 1 1 Tessellated darter 22 44 49 4 119 unidentified fish 134 2 51 187 White sucker 1 2 3 Total Number 765 74 339 336 13 2 1,529 Percent Composition 50.0 4.8 22.2 22.0 0.9 0.1

Table 3. Number of each taxon collected in entrainment samples during each time interval at PBAPS, March 8 to September 27 2012.

Time Period (hours)

Taxon 06:00-12:00 12:00-18:00 18:00-00:00 00:00-06:00 American eel 0 0 0 1 Banded darter 5 2 4 8 Cyprinidae 0 0 4 1 Channel catfish 0 1 3 7 Common carp 1 0 1 0 Etheostoma species 1 4 2 2 Gizzard shad 176 352 395 239 Greenside darter 1 0 0 0 Lepomis species 3 0 3 0 Spottail shiner 0 0 2 0 Catostomidae 1 0 0 0 Centrarchidae 0 0 1 0 Tessellated darter 9 8 69 33 White sucker 0 1 2 0 Total lcthyoplankton 197 368 486 291 Percent Composition 15 27 36 22 Total Number of Samples 32 26 33 21

Table 4. Descriptive statistics for total length of fishes collected in entrainment samples from PBAPS discharge structure outfall, March 8 to September 27 20 I 2.

Total Length (mm)

Taxon Mean Minimum Maximum Number Measured American eel 128 128 128 I Banded darter 7.6 6 10 12 Cyprinidac 7.3 5 13 5 Channel catfish IS .S 14.5 17 10 Common carp s.o s s I Gizzard shad 5.3 3 18 156 Grccnside darter 6.5 6.5 6.5 1 Lepomis species 5.0 4.5 6 5 Spottail shiner 27.5 20 35 2 Catostomidae 8.0 8 8 I Centrarchidae 6.5 6..5 6.5 I Tessellated darter 7.0 5 17 88 White sucker 8.3 8 8.5 2 Total 284

Table 5. Total number and percent composition of fishes collected in Conowingo Pond using electrofisher; seine, and trawl during 2010 and 2011.

Species Total Number Percent Composition Alewife I <O.l American shad l <0.1 Banded darter 5 <0.1 Banded killifish 273 0.7.

Black crappie 5 <O.l Bluegill 2,515 6.6 Bluntnose minnow 676 1.8 Channel catfish 7,432 19.5 Comely shiner 2,611 6.8 Common carp 320 0.8 Common shiner 7 <0.1 Creek chub 4 <0.1 Eastern mosquitofish I <0.1 Falltish 36 0.1 Flathead catfish 60 0.2 Gizzard shad 16,170 42.4 Golden shiner 32 0.1 Green sunfish 1,507 4.0 Greenside darter 19 <0.1 Hybrid Striped bass 9 <0.1 Largemouth bass 169 0.4 Logperch 142 0.4 Mimic shiner 25 0.1 Northern hogsucker 41 0.1 Pumpkinseed 13 <0.l Quill back 102 0.3 Rainbow smelt 1 <0.1 Redbreast sunfish 9 <0.l River chub 1 <0.1 Rock bass 507 1.3 Shield darter 32 0.1 Shorthead redhorse 145 0.4 Smallmouth bass 553 1.4 Spotfin shiner 3,003 7.9 Spottail shiner 1,131 3.0 Striped bass l <0.1 Swallowtail shiner 9 <0.1 Tessellated darter 313 0.8 Walleye 176 0.5 White crappie 20 0.1 White perch 40 0.1 White sucker - - -- 13 <0.1 Yellow perch 15 <O.l Total Number 38,145 Total Species 43

Table 6. Mean densities of larval fishes collected ~ith a towed plankton net within the PBAPS intake ponds during 1975 and 1976.

3 Density{number/1000m ~

Taxon 1975 1976 Mean Common carp 6.9 35.3 22 Channel catfish 4. 7 4.1 4.4 Comely shiner 0.1 0.1 0.1 Creek chub 0 0.1 Gizzard shad 34.8 78.6 60 Golden shiner 0 0.1 Logperch 0.1 0 Quillback 27.6 25.7 26.6 Redbreast sunfish 0.1 0 Rock bass 0.1 0 0.1 Shield darter 5.3 1.6 3.3 Smallmouth bass 0.4 0 0.2 Spotfin shiner 0.1 0.1 0.1 Spottail shiner 0.1 0.1 0.1 Sunfishes 1.5 1.4 1.5 Tessellated darter 5.8 8.7 7.3 Unidentifiable fish 0.5 8.1 4.6 Unidentified minnows 3.3 0.6 1.9 Unidentified suckers 0.1 0 0.1 Walleye 0.7 0.3 0.6 White crappie 0.3 0.6 0.5 White sucker 0.3 0.7 0.5 Yellow bullhead 0 0.1 0.1 Total 92.7 166.2 131.6

Table 7. Mean density of each trucon collected during weekly entrainment sample collections at PBAPS discharge outfall, March 8 to September 27 2012.

  • Sample Week Taxon Mean Density (number/1000m3) 1 2 Spottail shiner 2.4 7 Banded darter 5.0 7 Cyprinidae 3.0 7 Gizzard shad 15.5 7 Tessellated darter 15.2 8 Gizzard shad 822.5 8 Lepomis species 11.5 8 Tessellated darter 17.6 9 Banded darter 2.9 9 Common carp 3.4 9 Gizzard shad 10.6 9 Lepomis species 1.5 9 Catostomidae 1.5 9 Tessellated darter 15.9 10 Banded darter 21.9 10 Gizzard shad 17.0 10 Tessellated darter 24.4 IO Unidentified Fish 80.7 11 Etheostoma species 12.2 11 Gizzard shad 68.5 11 Tess~llated darter 185.9 11 Unidentified Fish 36.7 11 White sucker 4.9 12 Banded darter 3.8 12 Etheostoma species 2.2 12 Gizzard shad 531.6 12 Centrarchidae 1.9 12 Tessellated darter 13.7 12 Unidentified Fish 61.4 13 Etheostoma species 8.7 13 Gizzard shad 1,327.7 13 Tessellated darter 13.1 13 Unidentified Fish 174.7 13 White sucker 4.4

Table 7. Continued.

Sample Week Taxon Mean Density (number/1000m3) 1 14 Cyprinidae 5.5 14 Etheostoma species 2.2 14 Gizzard shad 19.0 14 greenside darter 2.2 14 Tessellated darter 2.2 14 Unidentified Fish 7.7 15 Banded darter 4.2 15 Cyprinidae 2.1 15 Channel catfish 2.0 15 Gizzard shad 53.6 15 Unidentified Fish 10.4 16 Channel catfish 14.7 16 Gizzard shad 24.l 16 Unidentified Fish 14.2 17 Channel catfish 2.4 17 Gizzard shad 139.2 17 Unidentified Fish 2.4 18 Banded darter 2.4 18 Channel catfish 2.3 18 Gizzard shad 36.3 18 Unidentified Fish 25.0 19 Gizzard shad 153,6 19 Unidentified Fish 88.7 20 Channel catfish 2.3 20 Gizzard shad 21.9 20 Unidentified Fish 7.3 21 Channel catfish 2.4 21 Gizzard shad 4.9 21 Unidentified Fish 7.3 22 Banded darter 4.4 24 Spottail shiner 2.4 30 American eel 2.4 1

Average density of taxon in the four samples collected each week

Table 8. Mean density of each taxon in entrainment sample collections at PBAPS discharge outfall, March 5 to September 27 2012.

Taxon Mean Density (number/I OOOm3) 1 American eel 0.08 Banded darter 1.59 Cyprinidae 0.37 Channel catfish 0.92 Common carp 0.13 Etheostoma species 0.74 Gizzard shad 92.22 Greenside darter 0.08 Lepomis species 0.48 Spottail shiner 0.18 Catostomidae 0.05 Centrarchidae 0.08 Tessellated darter 10.06 Unidentified Fish 15.32 White sucker 0.26 Total 122.58 1

Mean density determined by averaging density for each sample collected during the study period

WORK.PLAN FOR AN ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERIZATION STUDY AT PEACH BOTTOM ATOMIC POWER STATION Prepared for:

Nuclear By: Normandeau Associates, Inc.

Revision 1, July 2012

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. THE STATION ................................................................................................... COOLING WATER SYSTEM ...... : ......................................................................... ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERIZATION STUDY ............................................ .OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................. .... SAMPLING FREQUENCY AND LOCATION .............................................................. SAMPLE COLLECTION METHOD ...... ** **** ............................................................. - 4-SAMPLE PROCESSING AND TAXONOMY .............................................................. - 5*

DATAANALYSISAND REPORTING ............................. : ........................................ SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................... QUALITY ASSURANCE AND CONTROL ................................................................. - 6-REFERENCES ................................................................................................ List of Figures Figure 1. Map of Conowingo Reservoir showing locations of Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station and other power plants.

Figure 2. Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station intake structures and discharge.

PBAPS Entrainment Wor1< Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

Record of Revisions Revision Date Pages/Sections Changed Brief Description February All Initial release 000 2011 001 July 2012 Page4 Collection pump size changed to 3-inch with corresponding pwnp rate at approximately 150 gpm. Total pumping time for one sample adjusted to 180 minutes (3hrs).

ii PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

INTRODUCTION Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station (PBAPS) operates under NPDES Permit No. PA 0009733 which was issued November 30, 2010 with an effective date of January 1, 2011. The permit contains a requirement for an entrainment characterization study to be conducted over at least one fish spawning season as described in the permit within Part C. section 11.D.1 as follows:

Entrainment Characterization Study

1. Within 90 days of permit issuance, The Permittee shall submit a Work Plan to conduct entrainment sampling (see Section 2 below) of the non-contact coaling water inner intake structure at the Peach Bottom Atomic Power Station

("Facility'?. The Permittee shall respond to the Department's comments on the Wark Plan within 30 days of receipt. Startup of the sampling program shall occur at the beginning of the next fish spawning season following receipt of written Department approval of the Wark Plan, or an alternate schedule approved by the Department, in writing.

2. The Work Plan shall include a detailed proposal far the fallowing entrainment sampling of fish eggs and larvae.

a) Entrainment data collections shall occur for a period of at least one fish spawning season, approximately March through September, at a sampling frequency sufficient to characterize the entrainment occurring.

b) Voucher specimens of two (or one if only one is available) Chesapeake logperch (Percina bimaculata) and federal and state threatened, endangered and. candidate fish species collected shall be retained and catalogued. The Department along with the appropriate state and federal authorities shall be notified within 24-hours if any federal or state threatened, endangered, or candidate fish species are identified.

c) Entrainment data collection shall be performed by qualified consultants and/or trained professionals with the skills and knowledge appropriate for producing valid samples and evaluations under a formal QA/QC plan.

PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

This document is the Work Plan for the required entrainment characterization study. It describes the proposed study to be performed in response to the permit requirement.

The Station PBAPS is located in York County, Pennsylvania, on the west shore of Conowingo Reservoir (Pond), approximately 3 miles upstream from the Pennsylvania-Maryland border (Figure 1). PBAPS is a two-unit nuclear-fueled power generating facility with a nominal generating capacity of 2,304 megawatts electrical (MWe). The Station operates as a base-load facility with both units normally generating at full capacity. Unit 2 began commercial operation in June 1974 and Unit 3 entered commercial service in December 1974. Conowingo Pond was formed in 1928 with the construction of Conowingo Hydroelectric Station.

Cooling Water System PBAPS utilizes a once-through cooling system to remove waste heat from the station's condensers. The cooling water for both units is withdrawn from the Pond through an outer intake structure located on the shoreline of Conowingo Pond, through two 3-acre intake ponds (one serving each unit), and then through an inner intake structure as shown in Figure 2.

The outer intake is approximately 480 ft long with a fixed vert!cal trash rack on the face of the intake followed by a set of 24 vertical traveling screens which have 3/8-inch mesh openings. The trash rack consists of 0.25-inch by 3-inch steel bars spaced 3.5 inches on center and is designed to prevent large debris and ice from entering the intake. The trash rack is cleaned periodically per a preventative maintenance program.

After passing through the outer intake, the cooling water flows through the intake ponds to the inner intake. Fish live and grow in the ponds and can enter the ponds through the outer screens when they are small, by being carried over the screens if they are not removed during the screen cleaning process, and through the cross-tie gate from the discharge canal in winter. During cold weather and on an as-needed basis, a cross-tie PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

gate between the discharge basin and the intake ponds is opened to re-circulate some of the heated discharge water.

At the inner intake, water enters the pumphouse through eight screen bays. Two are devoted to service water flows and six convey water to the circulating water pumps.

Water flowing to the circulating water pumps is screened by 3/8-inch mesh dual-flow, or dual-entry single-exit, traveling screens before being pumped through .the condensers.

The heated-water is then discharged to a discharge basin as shown in Figure 2.

ENTRAINMENT CHARACTERIZATION STUDY Objective The primary objective of the entrainment study is to identify and quantify the densities of the ichthyoplankton (fish eggs and larvae) entrained through the PBAPS.

Sampling Frequency and Location The sampling frequency of the entrainment characterization study is based on guidance provided by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in Entrainment Abundance Monitoring Technical Support Document (EPRI 2005) and based on similar PA DEP-approved entrainment studies conducted recently by Normandeau Associates, Inc.

(Normandeau) at other generating stations in Pennsylvania. Entrainment sampling is proposed to be performed *over one 24-hour sampling event each week from March through September 2012.

Entrainment sampling is proposed to be conducted at the circulating water discharge outfall for Units 2 and 3, not at the inner circulating water intake* structure as stated in the NPDES permit. Exelon has serious plant safety concerns regarding maintaining the integrity of the nuclear plant's water supply and will not allow the sampling equipment to be installed within the inner intake structure. As discussed in EPRI {2005), sampling in the power plant discharge actually has advantages over sampling at the intake, such as:

e Certainty that all organisms collected were actually entrained and PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, -2012

  • Turbulence reduces potential bias resulting from non-random distribution of entrained organisms.

The weekly sampling events will be scheduled for approximately the same day each week to assure regular spacing of the events. If either planned or unanticipated events interfere with this schedule, an adjustment of one or more days may be necessary. If the circulating water pumps of both Unit 2 and Unit 3 are not operable for an extended period (i.e., for several days during a week), the sampling will not take place that week.

As long as one unit is operating, the sampling will take place. Sampling will be performed by trained personnel from Normandeau Associates, Inc. operating under an approved sampling protocol.

Sample Collection Method The samples will be collected with a 3-inch pump that obtains the sample water through a 3-inch diameter pipe positioned vertically in the discharge basin as close as feasible to the discharge structure. The pump is to be located on the bank of the discharge basin with the suction line leading to the sampling pipe which will be attached a small pontoon work boat just off the rock-filled structure at the discharge outfall (Figure 2). Samples will be obtained from mid-depth in the water column through a 90 degree elbow or "T" facing into the current.

Total target volume of each pumped sample is approximately 100 cubic meters. The suction line will convey the sample water to the sampling pump and then through a calibrated in-line flow meter. The electric pump will have a pumping rate of approximately 150 gallons per minute as shown on the in-line flow meter. This flow rate is approximately 0.6 cubic meters per minute. Thus, it takes a total of approximately 180 minutes or approximately 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> of pumping to obtain a single sample of approximately 100 cubic meters. One sample will be collected every 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> for each weekly 24-hour sampling event. From the pump the sample is discharged through a 4-inch pipe into a plankton net constructed of 500-micron mesh and suspended in a large tank of water.

The velocity of water exiting the hose is thereby reduced greatly reduced before encountering the mesh of the net. The lower velocity reduces potential damage to the eggs and larval fish specimens.

PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

The 500-micron mesh net is fine enough to capture the eggs and larvae of all fishes likely to be encountered at PBAPS. The contents of the plankton net will be rinsed down from the outside with ambient water and carefully transferred to sample containers. The samples will be immediately preserved with 1O percent buffered formalin, labeled (both inside and out) and sent to Normandeau's laboratory for analysis.

The sample is acceptable if all of the following conditions have been met:

  • A minimum sample volume of 100 m3 was collected, unless this volume is impractical to achieve due to clogging, pumping problems, etc.,
  • The net was not torn,
  • The flowmeter was not physically damaged,
  • The pumping apparatus was deployed at the appropriate depth, and
  • None of the ichthyoplankton sample was lost or spilled during the net rinse down and sample transfer steps:

For each sample the following information will be recorded:

  • Volume of water filtered,
  • Intake water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH at the start of each sample,
  • Date and time of the day at the start and end of each sample,
  • Identification of the circulating water and other major pumps in operation at the start and end of each 24-hour sampling event,
  • Names of the sample collectors, and
  • Any deviations from the sampling protocol, unusual conditions, or other pertinent observations.

Sample Processing and Taxonomy In general, the entire sample will be processed for ichthyoplankton (eggs and larvae) and early juvenile fish. In samples where fish eggs, larvae or juveniles are numerous, the sample may be subsampled using a plankton splitter so that the fraction of the sample analyzed reaches a quota of at least 200 organisms (all species and life stages combined). Samples will be sorted under magnification to ensure that all organisms are removed. Some samples may be difficult to split at the sort stage (e.g., samples heavy in detritus). If the number of organisms warrants it, these samples will be split after sorting but prior to identification.

PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

The organisms will be removed from the samples, identified to the lowest taxonomic category practicable (generally species), and counted. Larvae will be categorized by lifestage into prolarvae (yolk-sac larvae), and postlarvae (post yolk-sac larvae). For each sample a maximum of 20 individuals for each species and life stage category will be measured for total length to the nearest 0.1 mm (nearest 1.0 mm for juvenile fish).

All ichthyoplankton specimens will be retained for the duration of the study. If any Federal or Pennsylvania endangered, threatened, or candidate fish species are collected, the appropriate Federal and state authorities will be notified within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of making a confirmed identification of any of these important species. Specimens of the genus Percina will be retained for transfer to the PA DEP at a later date.

Data Analysis and Reporting All identified organisms will be enumerated and the density of collected organisms (by lifestage) will be calculated by relating the number observed to the volume of water comprising the sample. Evaluation will be made of species' occurrences over diel and longer time periods over the spawning season. Descriptions of species composition and abundance will be provided. A final report will describe the methods and results of the entrainment study.

Schedule Sampling will begin during the week of March 4, 2012 and continue once weekly through September 2012. The report for the entrainment characterization study will be submitted to the PA DEP by Mar~h 1, 2013.

Quality Assurance and Control Entrainment sampling will be performed by trained individuals from Normandeau working under a standard operating procedure and quality assurance plan developed for the entrainment study. Field instruments will be calibrated prior to each sampling event according to the manufacturer's specifications. Laboratory processing and identification shall be performed by Normandeau's trained technicians and experienced taxonomists, respectively, operating under a formal QAJQC plan.

PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

REFERENCES EPRI. 2005. Entrainment Abundance Monitorin*g Technical Support Document. Electric Power Research Institute Report No. 1011280. Palo Alto, CA.

PBAPS Entrainment Work Plan. Rev. 1, July 9, 2012

7 Appendix B.. Scientific and common names of rishes collected in Conowingo Pond.

Cluptildati Herrings BdonUtati Needlerishes Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad Strongylura marina Atlantic needlefish Cyprinidat! Carps and minnows Cyprinodontidat! Kllllrtshes Clinostomus funduloides Rosyside dace Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Cyprinella*spiloptera Spotfin shiner Cyprinus carpio Common carp PerclchthyldH Temperate basses Exog/ossum maxi/lingua Cutlips minnow Marone americana White perch Lw:ilus cornutus Common shiner Marone saxatilis Sbipcd bass Nocomis micropogon River chub Notemigonus cryso/eucas Golden shiner Ct!lltnlrchldat! Sunrishes Notropis amoenus Comely shiner Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Notropis hudsonius Spottail shiner Lepomis auritus Redbreast sunfish Notropis procne Swallowtail shiner Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish Notropis rubellus Rosyfilcc shiner Lepomis gibbosus Pumpkinsced Notropis vo/ucellus Mimic shiner Lepomis macrochirus Bluegill Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow Mlcropterus dolomieu Smallmouth bass Semotilus otromaculatus Creek chub MicroptenlS sa/moides Largemouth bass Semoti/us corpora/is Fallfish Pomoxis annularis White crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie Catostomldat! Sucken Carp/odes cyprinus Quillback Pen:ldae Perches Catostomus commersoni White sucker Etheostoma blennioidu Grcenside darter Hypentelium nigricaiis Northern hog sucker Etheostoma olmstedi Tessellated darter Moxostoma macrolepidotum Shorthead rcdhorse Etheostoma zonale Banded darter PercajTtzffscens Yellow perch

/cta/Jlrldae Bullhead catfishes Percina blmaculata Chesapeake logpcrch lctalurus punctatus Channel catfish Stizostedion vitreum Walleye Py/odictis olivaris Flathead catfish

EN-AA-105 Revision 4 Page 14 of 14 Attachment 2 Example Verification Completion Form Page 1of1 Verification Documentation Correspondence/Letter number: / 3- (17 Origination Date: a/rft.3 Agency/External Stakeholder: />> tu> Submittal Due Date: :31t(n>

Recipient of Correspondence: --,1-/r..11L.<t""'~~@~1...A....,-=-:1--*~/l!IJ/J5.z:a;;;=....1ft...s.~.::=~:r.~r..1.6""'*"-~~~~u<~kl!~....1./)/I.~.fl'l'~--

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I i - Purpose of Submittal: optQ. fvti!MA/tmJ7(114f//OD'rz/!l1.:µ/S!l.Jl}/)U/{!!T Originating Office: 0 Cantera 0 Kennett Square C!!I Site (.Jf.nl~

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Preparer: __..(j......,.1#""'""""'5""""*(~!.K.f..----~U-~-......,,,_)_ _

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Peer Reviewer: X @l?rOQ111.5 (print)*

Certified Mail Return Receipt Requested: O Yes l&f No m &:;1. -rfiJl!dJV6-Approvals (check box if applicable)

Applicable Date Review Signature of Reviewer Date of Needed Review Site Departments Chemistry s, () '/);.11[.t. riZI $/~ ..<l.e1 .4ttltfr)(J J JU{

7 3/11/r~

Operations D Engineering D I Regulatory Assurance D Other:

(specify)

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Corporate SME/FAM D Site Manaaement Plant Manager D D Report Signed and Approved Site Vice President D Attach additional page for comments.

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