ML16258A423

Lr Hearing - (External_Sender) Submitted Comments

ML16258A423
Person / Time
Site:	Indian Point
Issue date:	09/14/2016
From:	- No Known Affiliation
To:	Division of License Renewal
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Download: ML16258A423 (28)

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IPRenewal NPEmails From: Gray, Dara F <DGray@entergy.com>

Sent: Wednesday, September 14, 2016 3:10 PM To: Wentzel, Michael Cc: Louie, Richard

Subject:

[External_Sender] RE: Submitted Comments Attachments: Attachment C.pdf.pdf; Attachment D.PDF; D=NOAA-NMFS-2015-0107-0001&p.pdf And here is the rest of the attachments Dara Gray REM Chemistry/Environmental Indian Point Energy Center Dgray@entergy.com 914-254-8414 From: Gray, Dara F Sent: Wednesday, September 14, 2016 2:59 PM To: 'WENTZEL, MICHAEL J' Cc: Louie, Richard

Subject:

Submitted Comments Mike As discussed, attached are the comments submitted on behalf of Entergy regarding NMFS proposed critical habitat listing for the HR in this area. If this zip file does not go through, it will likely take a few emails due to attachment file size.

Please let me know if you have any questions.

Dara Gray REM Chemistry/Environmental Indian Point Energy Center Dgray@entergy.com 914-254-8414 1

Hearing Identifier: IndianPointUnits2and3NonPublic_EX Email Number: 7989 Mail Envelope Properties (DA94DFACF1201C4A91A21BD336C2520A35E85C52)

Subject:

[External_Sender] RE: Submitted Comments Sent Date: 9/14/2016 3:09:51 PM Received Date: 9/14/2016 3:10:32 PM From: Gray, Dara F Created By: DGray@entergy.com Recipients:

"Louie, Richard" <rlouie@entergy.com>

Tracking Status: None "Wentzel, Michael" <Michael.Wentzel@nrc.gov>

Tracking Status: None Post Office: LITXMETSP003.etrsouth.corp.entergy.com Files Size Date & Time MESSAGE 767 9/14/2016 3:10:32 PM Attachment C.pdf.pdf 769912 Attachment D.PDF 1923114 D=NOAA-NMFS-2015-0107-0001&p.pdf 136220 Options Priority: Standard Return Notification: No Reply Requested: No Sensitivity: Normal Expiration Date:

Recipients Received:

ATTACHMENT C SAFETY AND SECURITY ZONE RELATIVE TO IPEC REACH OF THE HUDSON RIVER (RIVER MILES 39-46)

IPEC Safety and Security Zone

~ 30 Acres 30-Acre Safety and Security Zone is 0.7%

ACTIVE/87777632.1 of the 4,350 Acres in the IPEC Reach

ATTACHMENT D



8 August 2015 TechnicalNoteonAnalysisofTemperatureandDissolvedOxygenTrends

fromtheHudsonRiverBiologicalMonitoringProgram1974through2013

This technical note investigates the presence of spatial and temporal trends in water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) in the Hudson River as measured during the Fall Shoals (Juvenile) Survey (FSS) and Long River Survey of ichthyoplankton (LRS) of the Hudson River Biological Monitoring Program (HRBMP).

Additional water quality data are available from surface water measurements taken nearshore during the Beach Seine Survey (BSS). Water quality data were examined from 1974 through 2013 to determine whether changes in sampling design affected results or interpretation of trend analysis in the updated PISCES report by Henderson and Seaby (2015, herein PISCES report).

The PISCES report claimed that water temperature is increasing in the Hudson River based on the putative significant increasing temperature trend from 1951 through 2013 (see Figure 1 in PISCES report). The data source for this analysis originated from the 2013 Year Class Report (ASA 2015), Appendix B-6. The analysis was repeated using the same data and Figure 1 below corroborates the PISCES analysis.

However, as Figure 1 shows, the time series is highly variable and appears to consist of two clusters with the second cluster (higher temperatures) in the later period (Figure 1). Segmented regression analysis (SegReg software, January 2014 version, http://www. waterlog.info/segreg.htm) detected a significant break point separating the 1951-2013 temperature time series into two periods (1951-1978 and 1979-2013). Each period showed no trend within the period, but the two periods differed on average by 0.5°C (Figure 2).

The caption to Figure 1 in the PISCES report describes the time series as coming from a single sampling point at the Poughkeepsie Water Treatment Facility, which the authors purport to represent the thermal regime of the entire Hudson River system. While the timing may not align and may not explain this finding, it is important to clarify the footnote of Appendix B-6 in the 2013 Year Class Report clearly states only 1951 through 1992 data came from Poughkeepsie Water Treatment Facility and 1993 through 2013 data came from a US Geological Survey gaging site 01372058 in the Hudson River located five miles downstream from the Poughkeepsie Water Treatment Facility and from somewhat different depths, with the Poughkeepsie Water Works located 14 feet below low tide, and the present USGS gage located 10 feet above the river channel bottom. The PISCES report also does not explain why the more spatially robust data set consisting of over 200,000 temperature readings taken from the HRBMP over the majority of the year from the Battery to Albany (Table 1) was not used.

The water quality measurements from the HRBMP were used to investigate the presence of an increasing temperature trend and explain how temperature varied. This analysis examined the effect of subsetting the data a few different ways to determine the effect, if any, of documented temporal and spatial sampling design changes.

For example, a significant increasing trend may be detected solely as a result of more measurements taken upriver and earlier in the year (cooler temperature) than in later years which would result in lower annual averages in early years and higher annual averages in later years. Not accounting for spatial and temporal sampling design inconsistencies could distort the time series and increase the probability of falsely detecting a significant trend as a result of sampling design.

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Below are some highlighted steps in this analysis:

x The temporal distribution of valid observations (i.e., records with temperature, conductivity , and DO measurements ) from the 1974-2013 time series of the Long River Survey, Fall Shoals Survey, and Beach Seine Survey (Task Codes included 88,89,98, and 23) were examined for consistency among years (Table 1), commonly sampled weeks and regions. The warmest month was selected by the four weeks with the highest temperature (Weeks 30-33; Table 2). In addition, Weeks 19-27 represented the longest contiguous period of years for LRS and FSS data (Table 3). The random biweekly beach seine sampling made the period for data selection more subjective but the effort in weeks 24 through 42 from 1987 through 2013 appeared most consistent (Table 4).

x The number of samples was examined for consistency in sampling effort among regions and years within the selected weeks. Since the Battery was not sampled until 1995, the data from the Battery was excluded so a longer time series can be retained.

x Six data sets were created based on sampling design considerations:

o Data set #1 All valid observations from FSS/LRS (Task Codes 88, 89, and 98) which varied in weeks sampled in the Yonkers through Albany regions (River Miles12-152) over the years (1974-2013), plus samples from the ocean-influenced river mouth at the Battery region (River Miles 1-11) that was sampled for water quality measurements from 1995-2013. Water quality samples in this data set included measurements taken at random fisheries sampling stations from 1974 through 1981 and at fixed water quality stations from 1982 to present. This composite data set was analogous to the set of HRBMP water quality data analyzed in the PISCES report for DO, and it is unclear if the Pisces report analysis adjusted the data set prior to analysis for these temporal and spatial changes in sampling design over the 1974-2013 period.

o Data set #2 Subset of Data set #1 that includes data from a common contiguous period of weeks (week 19-27) and excludes the Battery which was not sampled before 1995 (Table 5).

o Data set #3 Data set #1 was further subset by retaining only those measurements taken at fixed sampling stations under Task Code = 89. Data set #3 represents the same weeks and regions for years 1982 through 2013 (Tables 6 and 7).

o Data set #4 These data consisted only of surface water measurements taken nearshore by the BSS. The BSS sampling schedule varied from weekly to every other week and would sometimes shift sampling weeks between years. For this analysis, sampling weeks 24-42 were selected from 1987 through 2013 (Tables 4 and 8).

o Data set #5 Data set #1 was further subset by retaining only those measurements taken at fixed sampling stations under Task Code = 89. Data set #5 represents the warmest weeks of 30-33 years 1988 through 2013 for all regions except the Battery (Tables 6 and 7).

o Data set #6 These data consisted only of surface water measurements taken nearshore by the BSS during the warmest month (weeks 30-33) from 1989 through 2013 (Tables 4 and 8).

x For each data set, the number of samples varied not only among regions within a year but also from year to year. To provide equal weighting among weeks, regions, and years, a stratified mean was used for the annual mean. All measurements were first averaged to produce a single value for each week and region within a year. Then, a weekly average was calculated by pooling the regions. The weekly means were averaged to produce a single annual mean value.

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x Percent DO saturation, salinity and specific conductance at 25°C were calculated from temperature, DO concentration, and conductivity measurements based on established physical relationships (Benson and Krause 1984). It is particularly important to express DO as percent saturation because these three parameters are functionally correlated , and DO concentrations in water are inversely correlated with water temperature, meaning that warmer water will hold less DO due to its natural physical properties.

Therefore, expressing DO concentrations as percent saturation holds this temperature relationship constant.

Results

x The year-to-year variability and magnitude of the time series differed depending on the sampling design selected and period selected (Figures 3 and 4).

x No statistically significant trend in water temperature over time was detected in all six time series (Figures 3 and 4).

x During years with high annual mean temperature (e.g., 1991, 1999, and 2010), temperature was elevated generally river wide. With elevated river water temperature occurring upriver to Albany, evidence that Indian Point discharge is responsible for biologically meaningful changes in the entire Hudson River ecosystem is lacking (Figure 5).

x Figure 5 also illustrates that weekly mean temperature increases from spring to summer. Any slight increasing trend in temperature, if present, would likely also be found in other east coast estuaries as a result of climate change. A long term data set for USGS or NOAA buoys could corroborate any regional warming trend if present.

x When sampling inconsistencies are resolved, a decreasing trend in DO concentration was detected in the standardized water quality sampling associated in LRS and FSS and random nearshore surface waters sampled by beach seine (Figure 6). A decreasing annual DO trend was also detected during the warmest months in nearshore waters sampled by the BSS (Figure 7).

x Figure 8 illustrates that DO decreases in the summer and decreases with region from upriver to downriver.

x Figures 9, 10, and 11 show temporal and spatial patterns in DO saturation that were similar to DO concentration.

x In general, the DO patterns observed herein corroborate trends detected in the PISCES report, but the PISCES report does not appear to link changes in IPECoperation with detected break point years and did not examine trends upriver that were also present. These observations are inconsistent with the hypothesis that IPEC is affecting DO trends in the Hudson River. In particular, the time series of Hudson River water temperatures measured at Poughkeepsie (River Miles 76 prior to 1993, River Mile 72 from 1993 to present) is from a sampling location considerable upstream from IPEC (River Mile 42) and not influenced by the stations thermal discharge. Other explanations such as recent major storms, particularly Hurricanes Irene (late August 2011) and Hurricane Sandy (late October 2012) increased run-off, sedimentation, destruction of aquatic vegetation beds, and other environmental factors were not explored or discounted by the PISCES report to establish a cause-effect relationship between IPEC operation and decreasing DO. These environmental factors may also have a greater effect in shallow nearshore waters.

3







Figure 1. Reproduced from the PISCES Report (Henderson and Seaby 2015) using digitized data from Appendix B-6 of the 2013 Year Class Report which corroborates their results in their Figure 1, but unlike their figure, the low R2 reported here indicates that only 11% of the variation in annual temperature can be explained by time.

Figure 2. 1951 through 2013 annual mean water temperature from Appendix B-6 of the 2013 Year Class Report used in the PISCES Report (Henderson and Seaby 2015) consisted of a significant break point separating the time series into two periods (1951-1978 and 1979-2013) each with no trends (i.e., no significant slope) as detected by segmented regression analysis at 95% confidence level.

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Table 1. Distribution of water quality measurements among the Hudson River Beach Seine, Long River Ichthyoplankton and Fall Juvenile Surveys during 1974 through 2013.

Sampling Design Beach Seine Fixed Water Fall Juvenile Ichthyoplankton Total Year Stations Quality (not (not standardized)

Stations standardized)

(Task 23) (Task 88)

(Task 89) (Task 98)

N  % N  % N  % N  % N  %

1974 556 0.3 2,481 1.1 1,652 0.8 4,689 2.1 1975 2,287 1.0 2,370 1.1 4,657 2.1 1976 3,442 1.6 3,487 1.6 6,929 3.1 1977 2,557 1.2 3,186 1.4 711 0.3 6,454 2.9 1978 3,550 1.6 2,822 1.3 746 0.3 7,118 3.2 1979 3,275 1.5 2,121 1.0 1,243 0.6 6,639 3.0 1980 1,411 0.6 1,016 0.5 1,006 0.5 3,433 1.6 1981 600 0.3 1,613 0.7 996 0.5 3,209 1.5 1982 498 0.2 1,382 0.6 719 0.3 2,599 1.2 1983 592 0.3 2,780 1.3 3,372 1.5 1984 799 0.4 2,943 1.3 3,742 1.7 1985 818 0.4 3,037 1.4 3,855 1.8 1986 937 0.4 3,415 1.6 4,352 2.0 1987 1,077 0.5 3,420 1.6 4,497 2.0 1988 1,082 0.5 3,855 1.8 4,937 2.2 1989 1,091 0.5 3,751 1.7 4,842 2.2 1990 989 0.4 3,489 1.6 4,478 2.0 1991 996 0.5 4,171 1.9 5,167 2.3 1992 994 0.5 4,202 1.9 5,196 2.4 1993 998 0.5 4,069 1.8 5,067 2.3 1994 995 0.5 4,163 1.9 5,158 2.3 1995 875 0.4 4,880 2.2 5,755 2.6 1996 991 0.5 4,898 2.2 5,889 2.7 1997 999 0.5 4,796 2.2 5,795 2.6 1998 997 0.5 5,490 2.5 6,487 2.9 1999 992 0.5 5,313 2.4 6,305 2.9 2000 994 0.5 5,493 2.5 6,487 2.9 2001 937 0.4 5,203 2.4 6,140 2.8 2002 993 0.5 5,436 2.5 6,429 2.9 2003 994 0.5 5,481 2.5 6,475 2.9 2004 996 0.5 5,521 2.5 6,517 3.0 2005 987 0.4 5,522 2.5 6,509 3.0 2006 967 0.4 5,506 2.5 6,473 2.9 2007 963 0.4 5,504 2.5 6,467 2.9 2008 993 0.5 5,517 2.5 6,510 3.0 2009 992 0.5 5,467 2.5 6,459 2.9 2010 992 0.5 5,518 2.5 6,510 3.0 2011 998 0.5 5,148 2.3 6,146 2.8 2012 996 0.5 4,752 2.2 5,748 2.6 2013 994 0.5 5,643 2.6 6,637 3.0 Total 48,194 21.9 19,096 8.7 145,765 66.2 7,073 3.2 220,128 100 5







Table 2. Average weekly water temperature (°C) measured by Hudson River Fall Juvenile and Ichthyoplankton Surveys from 1974 through 2013. Bold values selected as warmest month (4 weeks).

Temperature Week (°C) 8 1.8 9 3.9 10 3.1 11 3.7 12 4.6 13 5.8 14 7.0 15 8.2 16 9.5 17 11.1 18 12.8 19 14.2 20 15.7 21 17.1 22 18.6 23 19.7 24 20.8 25 22.3 26 23.3 27 24.1 28 24.8 29 25.5 30 25.6 31 25.8 32 25.9 33 25.6 34 25.3 35 24.4 36 24.0 37 22.9 38 21.9 39 20.7 40 19.2 41 17.3 42 15.5 43 13.9 44 13.2 45 10.9 46 10.0 47 8.2 48 7.5 49 5.3 50 6.7 6







7







8







Table 5. Regional distribution of dissolved oxygen measurements from any sampling stations during Hudson River Fall Juvenile and Long River Ichthyoplankton Surveys during consistently sampled Weeks 19-27 of 1974 through 2013.

Region Year BT YK TZ CH IP WP CW PK HP KG SG CS AL 1974 142 270 144 149 104 106 161 104 96 90 53 25 1975 75 154 135 203 123 39 236 82 85 64 42 32 1976 83 197 229 344 249 226 175 115 89 70 58 25 1977 63 112 142 263 262 211 238 116 98 76 75 32 1978 62 112 129 294 276 150 199 111 98 67 66 36 1979 49 70 93 160 162 84 123 119 123 113 128 36 1980 12 47 51 136 185 72 74 75 58 53 49 42 1981 104 135 132 276 299 173 107 90 56 47 40 19 1982 131 122 118 141 108 144 135 114 93 84 96 96 1983 162 162 159 156 108 159 135 108 108 105 108 108 1984 142 144 145 143 108 142 108 108 108 105 108 108 1985 141 125 121 108 108 138 108 108 108 108 108 99 1986 144 143 149 141 99 144 108 108 107 108 108 108 1987 126 133 147 144 102 138 93 96 99 105 105 108 1988 144 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1989 144 141 145 141 108 147 108 108 108 108 108 135 1990 144 144 118 171 108 147 108 108 108 108 108 135 1991 144 144 144 146 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1992 144 144 145 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1993 144 142 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1994 131 143 143 144 111 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1995 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1996 108 172 144 143 146 108 143 108 108 108 108 108 135 1997 108 174 146 145 144 105 143 96 95 99 96 96 120 1998 108 171 147 144 141 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1999 108 169 144 144 147 114 141 108 108 108 108 111 135 2000 96 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 132 2001 99 171 144 142 141 108 144 108 108 105 108 108 135 2002 102 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 105 135 2003 108 171 144 144 142 108 144 108 108 111 108 108 135 2004 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2005 108 171 144 144 150 105 144 108 105 108 108 108 135 2006 105 171 143 144 144 105 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2007 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2008 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2009 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 96 96 96 120 2010 108 171 141 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2011 108 168 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2012 108 168 142 144 144 108 144 105 108 108 108 105 135 2013 108 171 144 147 144 111 144 108 96 96 96 96 120 9







10







Table 7. Regional distribution of dissolved oxygen measurements from fixed sampling stations during Hudson River Fall Juvenile and Long River Ichthyoplankton Surveys during consistently sampled Weeks 19-27 of 1982 through 2013.

Region Year BT YK TZ CH IP WP CW PK HP KG SG CS AL 1982 131 122 118 141 108 144 135 114 93 84 96 96 1983 162 162 159 156 108 159 135 108 108 105 108 108 1984 142 144 145 143 108 142 108 108 108 105 108 108 1985 141 125 121 108 108 138 108 108 108 108 108 99 1986 144 143 149 141 99 144 108 108 107 108 108 108 1987 126 133 147 144 102 138 93 96 99 105 105 108 1988 144 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1989 144 141 145 141 108 147 108 108 108 108 108 135 1990 144 144 118 171 108 147 108 108 108 108 108 135 1991 144 144 144 146 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1992 144 144 145 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1993 144 142 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1994 131 143 143 144 111 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1995 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1996 108 172 144 143 146 108 143 108 108 108 108 108 135 1997 108 174 146 145 144 105 143 96 95 99 96 96 120 1998 108 171 147 144 141 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 1999 108 169 144 144 147 114 141 108 108 108 108 111 135 2000 96 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 132 2001 99 171 144 142 141 108 144 108 108 105 108 108 135 2002 102 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 105 135 2003 108 171 144 144 142 108 144 108 108 111 108 108 135 2004 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2005 108 171 144 144 150 105 144 108 105 108 108 108 135 2006 105 171 143 144 144 105 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2007 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2008 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2009 108 171 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 96 96 96 120 2010 108 171 141 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2011 108 168 144 144 144 108 144 108 108 108 108 108 135 2012 108 168 142 144 144 108 144 105 108 108 108 105 135 2013 108 171 144 147 144 111 144 108 96 96 96 96 120 11







Table 8. Regional distribution of dissolved oxygen measurements from during Hudson River Beach Seine Surveys during consistently sampled Weeks 24-42 of 1974 through 2013.

Region Year YK TZ CH IP WP CW PK HP KG SG CS AL 1974 1 1 9 4 2 88 52 31 69 100 139 1975 146 147 174 128 178 132 57 41 33 56 74 101 1976 216 199 234 394 202 190 81 44 30 61 104 150 1977 215 143 166 335 190 170 62 34 31 43 84 132 1978 214 256 313 243 168 164 151 28 25 51 79 138 1979 100 489 286 103 91 122 103 52 54 101 112 92 1980 60 293 169 65 62 78 56 61 64 107 107 84 1981 30 136 61 22 29 34 29 28 25 39 47 29 1982 25 119 70 25 25 30 25 25 25 44 50 35 1983 30 134 84 32 30 37 30 29 31 54 59 42 1984 35 167 98 37 34 41 35 35 35 63 70 49 1985 35 169 88 37 30 34 20 20 26 64 81 56 1986 35 166 99 39 40 46 39 40 36 71 78 57 1987 43 216 124 42 40 48 42 45 44 82 89 63 1988 44 201 118 44 44 51 53 54 58 107 125 83 1989 42 200 117 44 44 51 57 59 59 107 126 85 1990 39 176 106 39 39 45 54 54 50 92 116 79 1991 39 177 104 39 38 45 54 54 53 99 117 78 1992 39 177 105 39 37 45 53 54 53 99 115 78 1993 39 176 105 39 39 45 54 54 54 99 117 78 1994 39 175 104 39 38 45 54 54 54 99 116 78 1995 38 140 82 33 39 40 45 47 46 85 107 73 1996 38 175 103 39 39 44 53 54 54 98 116 78 1997 44 200 119 44 44 51 59 59 59 108 127 85 1998 44 201 119 44 44 51 59 59 59 106 126 85 1999 44 201 112 44 44 50 59 59 59 108 127 85 2000 44 200 119 44 44 51 57 59 58 108 125 85 2001 34 152 91 33 37 44 53 54 52 97 113 78 2002 44 200 119 44 44 51 57 59 57 106 127 85 2003 44 198 119 44 42 51 59 59 59 108 126 85 2004 44 200 119 44 43 50 59 59 58 109 126 85 2005 44 197 117 44 42 51 59 59 59 106 125 84 2006 42 198 116 38 38 45 54 58 59 107 127 85 2007 43 195 117 44 41 48 49 54 57 105 125 85 2008 44 199 116 44 44 51 58 59 59 107 127 85 2009 44 199 117 43 44 51 59 58 58 108 126 85 2010 44 201 119 42 43 51 58 58 58 107 126 85 2011 44 200 119 44 44 51 59 59 59 107 127 85 2012 44 201 117 44 44 51 59 58 59 108 126 85 2013 41 187 111 41 41 48 50 51 51 93 108 73 12







Figure 3. Annual Mean Water Temperature in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013.

A) All measurements (Task Code = 88,89, and 98) from Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) without regard to spatial or temporal differences in sample design; B) same as (A) except truncated for consistency in sampled weeks and regions over time; C) LRS/FSS data (Task Code=89 only) collected at the fixed sampling water quality stations standardized for common weeks and regions among years; D) All Beach Seine Survey data during weeks 23-42 representing a common period among the majority of years. Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the weekly averages. P = probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95%

confidence level.

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Figure 4. Annual Mean Water Temperature for the Warmest Month (Weeks 30-33) in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013. A) Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) (Task Code = 89 only) sampled at the fixed sampling water quality stations; and B) Beach Seine Survey among all regions from Yonkers to Albany. Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the weekly averages. P = probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95% confidence level.

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Figure 5. Image plots illustrating the variation in water temperature by region (top) and week (bottom) in the Hudson River from 1982 through 2013 based on a standardized subset of LRS/FSS data (Data set #3).

15







Figure 6. Annual Mean Dissolved Oxygen in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013.

A) All measurements (Task Code = 88,89, and 98) from Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) without regard to spatial or temporal differences in sample design; B) same as (A) except truncated for consistency in sampled weeks and regions over time; C) LRS/FSS data (Task Code=89 only) collected at the fixed sampling water quality stations standardized for common weeks and regions among years; D) All Beach Seine Survey data during weeks 23-42 representing a common period among the majority of years. Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the weekly 16







averages. P = probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95%

confidence level.

Figure 7. Annual Mean Dissolved Oxygen Concentration for the Warmest Month (Weeks 30-33) in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013. A) Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) (Task Code = 89 only) sampled at the fixed sampling water quality stations; and B) Beach Seine Survey among all regions from Yonkers to Albany.

Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the weekly averages. P

= probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95% confidence level.

17







Figure 8. Image plots illustrating the variation in dissolved oxygen concentration by region (top) and week (bottom) in the Hudson River from 1982 through 2013 based on a standardized subset of LRS/FSS data (Data set #3).

18







Figure 9. Annual Mean Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Saturation in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013. A) All measurements (Task Code = 88,89, and 98) from Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) without regard to spatial or temporal differences in sample design; B) same as (A) except truncated for consistency in sampled weeks and regions over time; C) LRS/FSS data (Task Code=89 only) collected at the fixed sampling water quality stations standardized for common weeks and regions among years; D) All Beach Seine Survey data during weeks 23-42 representing a common period among the majority of years. Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the 19







weekly averages. P = probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95%

confidence level.

Figure 10. Annual Mean Dissolved Oxygen Saturation for Warmest Month (Weeks 30-33) in the Hudson River Estuary from 1974 through 2013. A) Long River Survey (LRS) and Fall Shoals Survey (FSS) (Task Code = 89 only) sampled at the fixed sampling water quality stations; and B) Beach Seine Survey among all regions from Yonkers to Albany. Annual mean was calculated by step 1 - averaging data per region and week and year, step 2- then average all regions per week and year, and step 3 average the weekly averages. P =

probability value less than 0.05 considered significant at the 95% confidence level.

20







Figure 11. Image plots illustrating the variation in dissolved oxygen saturation by region (top) and week (bottom) in the Hudson River from 1982 through 2013 based on a standardized subset of LRS/FSS data (Data set #3).

LiteratureCited

ASA Analysis and Communications. 2015. 2013 Year Class Report for the Hudson River Estuary Monitoring Program. Prepared for Entergy Nuclear Operations Inc., Indian Point Energy Center, 450 Broadway, Suite 1, Buchanan, NY 10511. June 2015.

Benson, B.B., and Krause, D., Jr. 1984. The concentration and isotopic fractionation of oxygen dissolved in freshwater and seawater in equilibrium with the atmosphere. Limnology and Oceanography 29: 620-632.

Pisces Conservation Ltd. (Pisces). 2015. The status of fish populations and the ecology of the Hudson.

Prepared by Drs. Peter A. Henderson and Richard M.H. Seaby. June 2015.

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