Text

2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report
	ML15125A022
Person / Time
Site:	Palo Verde
Issue date:	04/24/2015
From:	Weber T; Arizona Public Service Co
To:	; Document Control Desk, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
	102-07035-TNW/MDD/TMJ
	Download: ML15125A022 (83)
	v • d • e

.~v *~

Technical Specification 5.6.2 raps Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station PO Box 52034 Phoenix, Arizona 85072-2034 Mail Station 7636 102-07035-TNW/MDD/TMJ April 24, 2015 ATTN: Document Control Desk U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, DC 20555-0001

Dear Sirs:

Subject:

Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station (PVNGS)

Units 1, 2, and 3 Docket Nos. STN 50-528/529/530 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 2014 In accordance with PVNGS Technical Specification (TS) 5.6.2, enclosed please find the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 2014 which includes an appendix consisting of an amendment to the Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 2012.

No new commitments are being made to the NRC by this letter. Should you need further information regarding this submittal, please contact Michael Dilorenzo, Licensing Section Leader, at (623) 393-3495.

Sincerely, Thomas N. Weber Department Leader, Regulatory Affairs TNW/MDD/TMJ/hsc Enclosure cc: M. L. Dapas NRC Region IV Regional Administrator M. M. Watford NRC NRR Project Manager (electronic & hard copy)

C. A. Peabody NRC Senior Resident Inspector for PVNGS A. V. Godwin Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency (ARRA)

T. Morales Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency (ARRA)

A member of the STARS (Strategic Teaming and Resource Sharing) Alliance Callaway

Diablo Canyon

Palo Verde

Wolf Creek

-.----- 92

~

ENCLOSURE Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station UNITS 1, 2, and 3 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 2014

4P . '4 j

NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT 2014

(

Reference:

RCTSAI 1643, Legacy Item No. 036843.01)

McDowelDigitally signed by McDowel, Joshua DN:cn=McDowell, Joshua (Z08270) byJ shuaa(Z PreparedPrepredby:Josh (Z08270)authorofthsdocument 827 Date: 201 5.,4,1e, 16,S2,36 -. 7,,0, Gray, Thomas SZDigitally signed by Gray, Thomas ON: cn=Gray, Thomas S(Z99610)

S(Z99610(Reason: I have reviewed this document Reviewed by:__Z99 10) Date:.20M,04.15 16:5445 -07'00' Digitally signed by Routolo, Robert Routolo, RobertM(Z99739) DN: cn=Routolo, Robert M(Z99739)

M(Z99739)Reason: I am approving this docufmet Approved by:M(Z99739) Date: 2015.04.15 2fl° 0 7'W Manager, Radiation Protection

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE M ONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................ 3 2.1. RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ..................................................... 3 2.2. RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM CHANGES FOR 2014 ..................... 3 2.3. REMP DEVIATIONS/ABNORMAL EVENTS

SUMMARY

................................................................ 4 2.4. GROUND W ATER PROTECTION .............................................................................................. 4

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION PROGRAM .................................................................................... 11 3.1. WATER ....................................................................................................................................... 11 3.2. VEGETATION .............................................................................................................................. 11

3. 3. M ILK .......................................................................................................................................... 11 3.4. AIR ............................................................................................................................................. 11 3.5. SLUDGE AND SEDIMENT ............................................................................................................. 11 SLUDGE SAMPLES WERE OBTAINED WEEKLY FROM THE WRF WASTE CENTRIFUGE (WHENEVER THE PLANT WAS OPERATIONAL) AND ANALYZED FOR GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES. COOLING TOWER SLUDGE WAS ANALYZED FOR GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES PRIOR TO DISPOSAL IN THE WRF SLUDGE LANDFILL. A SEDIMENT SAMPLE WAS OBTAINED FROM SEDIMENTATION BASIN #2 AND ANALYZED FOR GAMMA EMITTING RADIONUCLIDES ......................................................................... 11

4. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES .............................................................................................. 12 4.1. AIR PARTICULATE ...................................................................................................................... 12 4.2. AIRBORNE RADIOIODINE ............................................................................................................ 12 4.3. M ILK .......................................................................................................................................... 12 4.4. VEGETATION .............................................................................................................................. 13 4.5. SLUDGE/SEDIMENT .................................................................................................................... 13 4.6. WATER ....................................................................................................................................... 13 4.7. SOIL ........................................................................................................................................... 14

5. NUCLEAR INSTRUM ENTATION ........................................................................................ 14 5.11. GAMMA SPECTROMETER ............................................................................................................ 14 5.2. LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETER .................................................................................. 14 5.3. GAS FLOW PROPORTIONAL COUNTER ..................................................................................... 14

6. ISOTOPIC DETECTION LIMITS AND REPORTING CRITERIA ...................................... 15 6.1. LOWER LIMITS OF DETECTION ................................................................................................... 15 6.2. DATA REPORTING CRITERIA ....................................................................................................... 15 6.3. LLD AND REPORTING CRITERIA OVERVIEW ........................................................................... 16

7. INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON PROGRAM ......................................................... 21 7.1. QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM ................................................................................................... 21 7.2. INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS ...................................................................................................... 21

8. DATA INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ........................................................... 25 8.1. AIR PARTICULATES .................................................................................................................... 25 8.2. AIRBORNE RADIOIODINE ............................................................................................................ 26 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS 8.3. VEGETATION .............................................................................................................................. 26 8.4. M ILK .......................................................................................................................................... 26 8.5. D RINKING WATER ...................................................................................................................... 26 8.6. GROUND W ATER ........................................................................................................................ 26 8.7. SURFACE W ATER ....................................................................................................................... 26 8.8. SLUDGE AND SEDIMENT ............................................................................................................. 27 8.9. DATA TRENDS ............................................................................................................................ 27 8.10. HARD-TO-DETECT RADIONUCLIDE RESULTS ..................................................................... 27

9. THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER (TLD) RESULTS AND DATA .......................... 56

10. LAND USE CEN SU S .................................................................................................... .... 62

10. 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 62 10.2. CENSUS RE SULTS .................................................................................................................... 62

11. SUM M AR Y AND CON CLU SION S ...................................................................................... 67

12. REFEREN CES ............................................................................................................................. 72

13. APPENDIX A - 2012 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report Amendm ent ....................................................................................................... 73 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 iii

LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION LOCATIONS .......................................................................... 5 TABLE 2.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION SCHEDULE ............................................................................. 6 TABLE 2.3 SUMMARIES OF REMP DEVIATIONS/ABNORMAL EVENTS ................................. 7 TABLE 6.1 ODCM REQUIRED LOWER LIMITS OF DETECTION (A PRIORI) ........................... 18 TABLE 6.2 ODCM REQUIRED REPORTING LEVELS ................................................................... 19 TABLE 6.3 TYPICAL MDA VALUES ............................................................................................... 20 TABLE 7.1 INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON RESULTS ....................................................... 22 TABLE 8.1 PARTICULATE GROSS BETA IN AIR IST - 2 ND QUARTER ..................................... 28 TABLE 8.2 PARTICULATE GROSS BETA IN AIR 3 RD - 4 TH QUARTER ...................................... 29 TABLE 8.3 GAMMA IN AIR FILTER COMPOSITES ..................................................................... 30 TABLE 8.4 RADIOIODINE IN AIR 1STI 2ND QUARTER ................................................................. 31 TABLE 8.5 RADIOIODINE IN AIR 3RD - 4T" QUARTER .............................................................. 32 TABLE 8.6 VEGETATION ...................................................................................................................... 33 TABLE 8.7 M ILK ..................................................................................................................................... 34 TABLE 8.8 DRINKING WATER ...................................................................................................... 35 TABLE 8.9 GROUND WATER ......................................................................................................... 37 TABLE 8.10 SURFACE WATER ....................................................................................................... 38 TABLE 8.11 SLUDGE/SEDIMENT .................................................................................................. 44 TABLE 8.12 HARD-TO-DETECT RADIONUCLIDE RESULTS .................................................... 47 TABLE 9.1 TLD SITE LOCATIONS .................................................................................................. 57 TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL TLD RESULTS ............................................................................ 59 TABLE 10.1 LAND USE CENSUS .................................................................................................... 63 TABLE 11. 1 REMP ANNUAL

SUMMARY

................................................................. 68 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 iv

Ii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 2.1 REMP SAMPLE SITES - MAP (0-10 miles) ............................................................. 9 FIGURE 2.2 REMP SAMPLE SITES - MAP (10-35 miles) ........................................................... 10 FIGURE 8.1 GROSS BETA IN AIR, 1 St- 2 d Quarter ..................................................................... 48 FIGURE 8.2 GROSS BETA IN AIR, 3 rd-4h Quarter ........................................................................ 49 FIGURE 8.3 HISTORICAL GROSS BETA IN AIR (WEEKLY SYSTEM AVERAGES) .......... 50 FIGURE 8.4 HISTORICAL GROSS BETA IN AIR (ANNUAL SITE TO SITE COMPARISONS)

CO MPARED TO PRE-O P ..................................................................................................................... 51 FIGURE 8.5 GROSS BETA IN DRINKING WATER ................................................................... 52 FIGURE 8.6 EVAPORATION POND TRITIUM ACTIVITY PRE-OP - 2008 .............................. 53 FIGURE 8.7 EVAPORATION POND TRITIUM ACTIVITY 2009 - 2014 .................................... 54 FIGURE 8.8 SEDIMENTATION BASIN 2 Cs-137 .......................................................................... 55 FIGURE 9.1 NETWORK ENVIRONMENTAL TLD EXPOSURE RATES ................................. 60 FIGURE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL TLD COMPARISON - PRE-OPERATIONAL VS 2014 ..... 61 FIGURE 10.1 HISTORICAL COMPARISON OF NEAREST RESIDENT DOSE ........................ 64 FIGURE 10.2 HISTORICAL COMPARISON OF NEAREST MILK ANIMAL DOSE ................. 65 FIGURE 10.3 HISTORICAL COMPARISON OF NEAREST GARDEN DOSE ........................... 66 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 V

.i ABSTRACT The Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) is an ongoing program conducted by Arizona Public Service Company (APS) for the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station (PVNGS).

Various types of environmental samples are collected near PVNGS and analyzed for plant related radionuclide concentrations.

During 2014, the following categories of samples were collected by APS:

Broad leaf vegetation

Ground water

Drinking water

Surface water

Airborne particulate and radioiodine

Goat milk

Sludge and sediment Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to measure environmental gamma radiation. The Environmental TLD program is also conducted by APS.

The Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency (ARRA) performs radiochemistry analyses on various duplicate samples provided to them by APS. Samples analyzed by ARRA include onsite samples from the Reservoirs, Evaporation Ponds, and two (2) deep wells. Offsite samples analyzed by ARRA include two (2) local resident wells. ARRA also performs air sampling at seven (7) offsite locations identical to APS and maintains approximately fifty (50) environmental TLD monitoring locations, eighteen (18) of which are duplicates of APS locations.

A comparison of pre-operational and operational data indicates no changes to environmental radiation levels.

(NOTE: Reference to APS throughout this report refers to PVNGS personnel)

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 1

OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

1. Introduction This report presents the results of the operational radiological environmental monitoring program conducted by Arizona Public Service Company (APS). The Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program (REMP) was established for the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station (PVNGS) by APS in 1979.

This report contains the measurements and findings for 2014. All references are specifically identified in Section 12.

The Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program provides representative measurements of radiation and of radioactive materials in those exposure pathways and for those radionuclides that lead to the highest potential radiation exposures of members of the public resulting from the station operation. This monitoring program implementsSection IV.B.2 of Appendix I to 10 CFR Part 50 and thereby supplements the radiological effluent monitoring program by verifying that the measurable concentrations of radioactive materials and levels of radiation are not higher than expected on the basis of the effluent measurements and the modeling of the environmental exposure pathways. Guidance for this monitoring program is provided by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) in their Radiological Assessment Branch Technical Position on Environmental Monitoring, Revision 1, November 1979 (incorporated into NUREG 1301).

Results from the REMP help to evaluate sources of elevated levels of radioactivity in the environment (e.g., atmospheric nuclear detonations or abnormal plant releases).

The Land Use Census ensures that changes in the use of areas at and beyond the site boundary are identified and that modifications to the REMP are made if required by the results of this census.

This census satisfies the requirements of Section IV.B.3 of Appendix I to 10 CFR Part 50.

The Interlaboratory Comparison Program is provided to ensure that independent checks on the precision and accuracy of the measurements of radioactive material in environmental sample matrices are performed as part of the quality assurance program for environmental monitoring in order to demonstrate that the results are valid for the purposes of Section IV.B.2 of Appendix I to 10 CFR Part 50.

Results of the PVNGS pre-operational environmental monitoring program are presented in Reference 1.

The initial criticality of Unit 1 occurred May 25, 1985. Initial criticality for Units 2 and 3 were April 18, 1986, and October 25, 1987, respectively. PVNGS operational findings (historical) are presented in Reference 2.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 2

I.j

2. Description of the Monitoring Program APS and vendor organizations performed the pre-operational radiological environmental monitoring program between 1979 and 1985. APS and vendors continued the program into the operational phase.

2.1. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program The assessment program consists of routine measurements of environmental gamma radiation and of radionuclide concentrations in media such as air, groundwater, drinking water, surface water, vegetation, milk, sludge, and sediment.

Samples were collected by APS at the monitoring sites shown in Figures 2.1 and 2.2. The specific sample types, sampling locations, and sampling frequencies, as set forth in the PVNGS Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM), Reference 4, are presented in Tables 2.1, 2.2 and 9.1. Additional onsite sampling (outside the scope of the ODCM) is performed to supplement the REMP. All results are included in this report. Routine sample analyses were performed at the onsite Central Chemistry Laboratory and Operating Unit laboratories. Analyses for hard-to-detect radionuclides were performed by GEL Laboratories LLC.

Environmental gamma radiation measurements were performed by APS using TLDs at fifty (50) locations near PVNGS. The PVNGS Dosimetry Department is accredited by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) to perform ionizing radiation dosimeter analyses.

In addition to monitoring environmental media, a land use census is performed annually to identify the nearest milk animals, residents, and gardens. This information is used to evaluate the potential dose to members of the public for those exposure pathways that are indicated.

2.2. Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Changes for 2014 There were no changes to the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program that impacted the Off-site Dose Calculation Manual (ODCM) Revision 26.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 3

2.3. REMP Deviations/Abnormal Events Summary During calendar year 2014, there were three (2) deviations/abnormal events with regard to the monitoring program. Refer to Table 2.3 for more detail and any corrective actions taken.

The first two (1-2) deviations were exceedances of the quarterly 1-131 reporting level of 20 pCi/L. This occurred at the following locations: 45 acre reservoir first calendar quarters, Evaporation Pond 1A first calendar quarters, Evaporation Pond 2A third quarter. The source is radiopharmaceutical 1-131 that originates in the Phoenix sewage effluent that supplies makeup to the Reservoirs and Circulating Water system. This water is wasted to the Evaporation Ponds. This is not a plant effluent.

The third (3) and final deviation for 2014 was an air sample pump failure at site #17.

This resulted in an undetermined sample volume sample for that week's sample. Default flow values were assumed for analysis of this sample. This is a supplemental site, not required per the ODCM.

2.4. Ground Water Protection PVNGS has implemented a groundwater protection initiative developed by the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI). The implementation of this initiative, NEI 07-07 (Industry Ground Water Protection Initiative - Final Guidance Document, August 2007), provides added assurance that groundwater will not be adversely affected by PVNGS operations.

Several monitoring wells have been installed to monitor the subsurface water and shallow aquifer at Units 1, 2, and 3. These wells are sampled monthly and quarterly for chemical and radiological parameters. The State of Arizona Aquifer Protection Permit (Area-Wide)

No. P-100388 (APP) provides agreed upon monitoring parameters and reporting thresholds. Sample results for the shallow aquifer wells are reported in the PVNGS Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report (ARERR). The State of Arizona APP provides specific regulatory criteria for groundwater protection.

Three subsurface samples were obtained, one each from Units 2 and 3 tritium monitoring wells, and one from the shallow aquifer outside of the Unit 1 radiological controlled area (RCA). These samples were analyzed for hard-to-detect radionuclides (e.g. C-14, Fe-55, Ni-63, Sr-90) as a verification that there are no underground leaks from plant systems that may affect groundwater. All results were <MDA. Refer to Table 8.12 for sample results.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 4

S I Table 2.1 SAMPLE COLLECTION LOCATIONS SAMPLE SIT.. SAMPLE TYPE LOG f LOCATIONDESCRIPTION

&I 4 air E16 APS Office 6A* air SSE13 Old US 80 7A air ESE3 Arlington School 14A air NNE2 371st Ave. and Buckeye-Salome Rd.

15 air NE2 NE Site Boundary 17A air E3 351 st Ave.

21 air S3 S Site Boundary 29 air W1 W Site Boundary 35 air NNW8 Tonopah 40 air N2 Transmission Rd 46 drinking water NNW3 local resident 47 vegetation N3 local resident 48 drinking water SW' local resident 49 drinking water N2 local resident 51 milk NN.E3 local resident- goats 53* milk NE30 local resident- goats 54 milk NNE4 local resident-goats (supplemental) 55 drinking water SW3 local resident (supplemental) 57 ground water ONSITE Well 27ddc 58 ground water ONSITE Well 34abb 59 surface water ONSITE Evaporation Pond 1 60 surface water ONSITE 85 acre Reservoir 61 surface water ONSITE 45 acre Reservoir 62* vegetation ENE26 Commercial farm 63 surface water ONSITE Evaporation Pond 2 64 surface water ONSITE Evaporation Pond 3 NOTES:

Designates a control site (a) Distances and direction are from the center-line of Unit 2 containment and rounded to the nearest mile Air sample sites designated with the letter 'A' are sites that have the same site number as a TLD location, but are not in the same location (e.g. site #6 TLD location is different from site #6A air sample location; site #4 TLD location is the same as site #4 air sample location)

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 5

Table 2.2 SAMPLE COLLECTION SCHEDULE SAMPLE AIR AIRBORNE GROUND DRINKING SURFACE SITE # PARTICULATE MILK RADIOIODINE VEGETATION WA TER WA TER WA TER 4 W W 6A W W 7A W W 14A W W 15 W W 17A W W 21 W W 29 W W 35 W W 40 W W 46 W 47 M/AA 48 W 49 W 51 M/AA 53 M/AA 54 M/AA 55 W 57 Q 58 Q 59 Q 60 Q 61 Q 62 M/AA 63 Q 64 Q W = WEEKLY M/AA = MONTHLY AS AVAILABLE Q = QUARTERLY PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 6

TABLE 2.3 SUMMARIES OF REMP DEVIATIONS/ABNORMAL EVENTS Deviation/Abnormal Event Actions taken

1. The 45 acre Reservoir and 1. Initial sample results exceeding 20 pCi/liter are validated Evaporation Pond IA exceeded when seen in surface water. The verification analysis the first quarter 1-131 reporting results also showed levels > 20 pCi/liter for the level of 20 pCi/liter. Evaporation Pond 1A sample. However, the 45 acre Reservoir validating count was less than 20 pCi/liter.

The elevated 1-131 concentration is due to radiopharmaceutical 1-131 that is present in the reclaimed sewage water that supplies Circulating Water and is not the result of plant effluents. The source is radiopharmaceutical 1-131 that originates in the Phoenix sewage effluent that supplies makeup to the Reservoirs and Circulating Water system. This water is wasted to the Evaporation Ponds via Circulating Water blowdown.

Because the 1-131 is not the result of plant effluents, no Special Report is required. This information is provided in this report as required by the ODCM. Refer to Corrective Action Program documents CRDR 4499971, CRDR 4604440, and 4568037 for the evaluation of exceeding the ODCM Reporting Level. No additional actions are necessary.

2. Evaporation Pond IA exceeded 2. Evaporation Pond IA had an 1-131 validated result the first quarter 1-131 reporting greater than the ODCM Reporting Level. Low level level of 20 pCi/liter resulting in a tritium (2,640 +/- 244 pCi/liter) was detected in unity value greater than 1.0 (one). Evaporation Pond IA. This tritium value is below the The quarterly tritium sample had a ODCM Reporting Level. If more than one radionuclide value of 2,640 pCi/liter. from the ODCM Reporting Level table is detected, a unity value calculation must be performed. The elevated 1-131 concentration, originating from Phoenix radiopharmaceuticals, accounted for 96% of the unity value. Corrective Action Program document 4604440 documents this occurrence and subsequent evaluation.

No further actions required.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 7

3. Air sample site #17 sample pump 3. The air sample pump lost power during the sample lost power between 2/24/2014 and period, resulting in the inability to determine the actual 03/04/2014. sample volume. Power was restored and sample volume for the next week was valid. Event documented through CRDR 4509720. No further actions required.

4. Interlaboratory blind sample 4. Environmental radiochemical interlaboratory blind failure of procedural acceptance sample for mixed gamma emitters in water matrix for the criteria for gamma emitters in 2nd half of 2014 failed the procedural acceptance criteria water matrix. for Cs-134 for the Chemistry Central Lab MCA detector

2 analysis. The Cs-134 result as documented in letter 237-02963-CAS had a ratio of 0.73 with an acceptance range of 0.75 - 1.33. Refer to Corrective Action Program document CRDR 4600038. Corrective actions include verification of results for both Central Lab MCA detectors for the water geometry, calibration verification of detector #2, and analyzing a separate sample geometry to check bias. Corrective actions are complete at this time. No additional actions are necessary.

5. WRF Centrifuge Waste Sludge 5. The sample data identified is being submitted as samples for December 11 and 18, Appendix A of this report. This sample data was 2012, entered into the REMP reviewed and analyzed. The samples were not unusual or database, were not included in the remarkable. This event was documented through 2012 Annual Radiological Correction Action Program document CRDR 4616525.

Environmental Operating Report (AREOR). Additionally, the Air Sample Data for sample period December 25-31, 2012, entered into the REMP database, were not included in the 2012 or 2013 AREOR.

6. WRF 45-acre reservoir was taken 6. Technicians verified there was insufficient water to out of service for liner inspection obtain the quarterly sample. The liner inspection will be during the 4 th quarter. complete prior to 1st quarter 2015 sample collection date.

The normal sampling regime will resume after the reservoir is placed back into service. No additional actions are necessary.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 8

J FIGURE 2.1 REMP SAMPLE SITES - MAP (0-10 miles)

FIGURE 2.1 KEY TO MAP Sample Ste (D School A Air Airstrip + REMP SAMPLE SITES V Vegetation W Water 0-10 MILES T TLD M Milk PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 9

FIGURE 2.2 REMP SAMPLE SITES - MAP (10-35 miles)

SURPRISE WADDELLRD EL MIRAGE CACTUSilRD~-

PEORIA A. E N RTHERN AVE w Ni HOMERD

[1 :::Bl 7AY PARt" _____RO______________

THERNrMA . ,' RD i BR7JDA' R i UEKEiR/OIE

,,,"A 9F M;R: I OEM ESE / R

,SE/'25 miles ,

10 nis 20mies30 miles /35 miles

// EYJO P :

Sample ScD

/'" MmMilk PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 10

3. Sample Collection Program APS personnel using PVNGS procedures collected all samples.

3.1. Water Weekly samples were collected from four (4) residence wells for monthly and quarterly composites. Samples were collected in one-gallon containers and 500 mL glass bottles. The samples were analyzed for gross beta, gamma emitting radionuclides and tritium.

Quarterly grab samples were collected from the 45 and 85 acre Reservoirs, Evaporation Ponds IA/B/C, 2A/B, and 3A/B, and onsite wells 34abb and 27ddc. Samples were collected in one-gallon containers and 500 mL glass bottles. Samples were analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides and tritium.

Treated sewage effluent from the City of Phoenix was sampled as a weekly composite at the onsite Water Reclamation Facility (WRF), and analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides. A monthly composite was analyzed for tritium.

3.2. Vegetation Vegetation samples were collected monthly, as available, and were analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides.

3.3. Milk Goat milk samples were collected monthly, as available, and were analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides, including low level 1-131.

3.4. Air Air particulate filters and charcoal cartridges were collected at ten (10) sites on a weekly basis.

Particulate filters were analyzed for gross beta. Charcoal cartridges were analyzed for 1-131.

Particulate filters were composited quarterly, by location, and analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides.

3.5. Sludge and Sediment Sludge samples were obtained weekly from the WRF waste centrifuge (whenever the plant was operational) and analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides. Cooling tower sludge was analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides prior to disposal in the WRF sludge landfill. A sediment sample was obtained from Sedimentation Basin #2 and analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 11

4. Analytical Procedures The procedures described in this report are those used by APS to routinely analyze samples.

4.1. Air Particulate 4.1.1. Gross Beta A glass fiber filter sample is placed in a stainless steel planchet and counted for gross beta activity utilizing a low background gas flow proportional counter.

4.1.2. Gamma Spectroscopy The glass fiber filters are counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

4.2. Airborne Radioiodine The charcoal cartridge is counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for 1-131.

4.3. Milk 4.3.1. Gamma Spectroscopy The sample is placed in a plastic marinelli beaker and counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

4.3.2. Radiochemical 1-131 Separation Iodine in milk sample is reduced with sodium bisulfite and iodine is absorbed by the anion exchange resin. The iodine is eluted with NaOCI. Iodine is extracted from the sample with carbon tetrachloride. The iodine is back extracted from the organic with water containing sodium bisulfate and then precipitated as CuI. The precipitate is mounted in a planchet and counted for gross beta.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 12

4.4. Vegetation 4.4.1. Gamma Spectroscopy The sample is pureed in a food processor, placed in a one liter plastic marinelli beaker, weighed, and counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

4.5. Sludge/Sediment 4.5.1. Gamma Spectroscopy The wet/dry sample is placed in a one-liter plastic marinelli beaker, weighed, and counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

4.6. Water 4.6.1. Gamma Spectroscopy The sample is placed in a one-liter plastic marinelli beaker and counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

4.6.2. Tritium The sample is evaluated to determine the appropriate method of preparation prior to counting. If the sample contains suspended solids or is turbid, it may be filtered, distilled, and/or de-ionized, as appropriate. Eight (8) milliliters of sample are mixed with fifteen (15) milliliters of liquid scintillation cocktail. The mixture is dark adapted and counted for tritium activity using a liquid scintillation counting system.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 13

4.6.3. Gross Beta A 200-250 milliliter sample is placed in a beaker. Five (5) milliliters of concentrated nitric (HN0 3) acid is added and the sample is evaporated down to about twenty (20) milliliters. The remaining sample is transferred to a stainless steel planchet. The sample is heated to dryness and counted for gross beta in a gas flow proportional counter.

4.7. Soil 4.7.1. Gamma Spectroscopy The samples are sieved, placed in a one-liter plastic marinelli beaker, and weighed. The samples are then counted on a multichannel analyzer equipped with an HPGe detector. The resulting spectrum is analyzed by a computer for specific radionuclides.

5. Nuclear Instrumentation 5.1. Gamma Spectrometer The Canberra Gamma Spectrometer consists of a Canberra System equipped with I-PGe detectors having resolutions of 1.73 keV and 1.88 keV (as determined by full width half max with an energy of 0.5 keV per channel) and respective efficiencies of 21.5% and 38.4% (as determined by the manufacturer with Co-60). The Canberra System is used for all gamma counting. The system uses Canberra developed software to search, identify, and quantify the peaks of interest.

5.2. Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer A Beckman LS-6500 Liquid Scintillation Counter is used for tritium determinations. The system background averages approximately 12-16 cpm with a counting efficiency of approximately 40%

using a quenched standard.

5.3. Gas Flow Proportional Counter The Tennelec S5E is a low background gas flow proportional counter for gross beta analysis. The system contains an automatic sample changer capable of counting 50 samples in succession.

Average beta background count rate is about 1-2 cpm with a beta efficiency of approximately 30%

for Cs-1 37.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 14

6. Isotopic Detection Limits and Reporting Criteria 6.1. Lower Limits of Detection The lower limits of detection (LLD) and the method for calculation are specified in the PVNGS ODCM, Reference 4. The ODCM required a prioriLLDs are presented in Table 6.1. For reference, a prioriLLDs are indicated at the top of data tables for samples having required LLD values.

6.2. Data Reporting Criteria All results that are greater than the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) (a posteriori LLD) are reported as positive activity with its associated 2; counting error. All results that are less than the MDA are reported as less than values at the associated MDA. For example, if the MDA is 12 pCi/liter, the value is reported as <12.

Typical MDA values are presented in Table 6.3.

Occasionally, the PVNGS ODCM aprioriLLDs may not be achieved as a result of:

Background fluctuations

Unavoidably small sample sizes

The presence of interfering radionuclides

Self absorption corrections

Decay corrections for short half-life radionuclides

Other uncontrollable circumstances In these instances, the contributing factors will be noted in the table where the data are presented.

A summary of deviations/abnormal events is presented in Table 2.3 and includes a description of any sample results that did not meet aprioriLLD requirements.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 15

6.3. LLD and Reporting Criteria Overview Making a reasonable estimate of the limits of detection for a counting procedure or a radiochemical method is usually complicated by the presence of significant background. It must be considered that the background or blank is not a fixed value but that a series of replicates would be normally distributed. The desired net activity is the difference between the gross and background activity distributions. The interpretation of this difference becomes a problem if the two distributions intersect as indicated in the diagram.

BACKGROUND GROSS If a sufficient number of replicate analyses are run, it is expected that the results would fall in a normal Gaussian distribution. Standard statistics allow an estimate of the probability of any particular deviation from the mean value. It is common practice to report the mean +/- one or two standard deviations as the result. In routine analysis, such replication is not carried out, and it is not possible to report a Gaussian standard deviation. With counting procedures, however, it is possible to estimate a Poisson standard deviation directly from the count. Data are commonly reported as the measured value +/- one or two Poisson standard deviations. The reported values are then considered to give some indication of the range in which the true value might be expected to occur.

A LLD is the smallest amount of sample activity that will yield a net count for which there is confidence at a predetermined level that activity is present. LLDs are calculated values for individual radionuclides based on a number of different factors including sample size, counting efficiency and background count rate of the instrument, the background and sample counting time, the decay time, and the chemical recovery of the analytical procedures. A minimum detectable activity value (MDA) is the smallest amount of activity that can be detected in an actual sample and uses the values obtained from the instrument and outcome of the analytical process. Therefore, the MDA values may differ from the calculated LLD values if the sample size and chemical recovery, decay values, or the instrument efficiency, background, or count time differed from those used in the LLD calculation.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 16

The factors governing the calculation of the LLD and MDA values are discussed below:

1. Sample Size

2. Counting Efficiency The fundamental quantity in the measurement of a radioactive substance is the number of disintegrations per unit time. As with most physical measurements in analytical chemistry, an absolute measurement of the disintegration rate is seldom possible, rather it is necessary to compare the sample with one or more standards. The standards determine the counter efficiency that may then be used to convert sample counts per minute (cpm) to disintegrations per minute (dpm).

3. Background Count Rate Any counter will show a certain counting rate without a sample in position. This background counting rate comes from several sources: 1) natural environmental radiation from the surrounding materials, 2) cosmic radiation, and 3) the natural radioactivity in the counter material itself. The background counting rate will depend on the amounts of these types of radiation and the sensitivity of the counter to the radiation.

4. Background and Sample Counting Time The amount of time devoted to the counting of the background depends on the level of activity being measured. In general, with low level samples, this time should be about equal to that devoted to counting a sample.

5. Time Interval between Sample Collection and Counting Decay measurements are useful in identifying certain short-lived nuclides. The disintegration constant is one of the basic characteristics of a specific radionuclide and is readily determined, if the half-life is sufficiently short. To ensure the required LLDs are achieved, appropriate decay correction values are used to account for radioactive decay during transit time and sample processing.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 17

Table 6.1 ODCM REQUIRED LOWER LIMITS OF DETECTION (a priori)

AIRBORNE ANALYSIS/ WATER PARTICULATE orF MILK VEGETATION NUCLIDE (pCi/liter) GAS (pCi/m 3 ) (pCi/liter) (pCi/kg, wet)

Gross Beta [ 4 0.01oi H-3 2000* [

Mn-54 1 15 __

Fe-59 30 ]

Co-58, 60 [ 15 Zn-65 [ 30 [

Zr-95 [ 30 1 Nb-95 [ 15 F[

1-131 [*W - 0.07 j T1 r 60 Cs-134 15 0.05 15 f 60 Cs-137 18 0.06 18 r 80 Ba-140 [ 60 [_ 60 La-140 1 15 1 15

If no drinking water pathway exists, a value of 3000 pCi/liter may be used

- If no drinking water pathway exists, a value of 15 pCi/liter may be used NOTES:

This list does not mean that only these nuclides are to be detected and reported. Other peaks that are measurable and identifiable, together with the above nuclides, shall also be identified and reported.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 18

Table 6.2 ODCM REQUIRED REPORTING LEVELS AIRBORNE ANALYSIS/ WATER PARTICULATE MILK VEGETATION 1

NUCLIDE H-3 Mn-54

[

1 (pCi/liter) 20,000*

1,0006-or GAS (pCi/m 3 )

1 (pCi/liter) 1 (pCi/kg, wet)

Fe-59 [ 400 _

Co-58 I 1,000 I_

I Co-60 F 300 __

Zn-65 1 300 F_

Zr/Nb-95 [ 400 F 1-131 2** [ 0.9 3 [ 100 Cs-134 F 30 [ 10 j 60 [ 1,000 Cs-137 F 50 F 20 j 70 2,000 Ba/La-140 r 200 [ 300 The values in this table are quarterly average values, as stated in the ODCM.

NOTES:

For drinking water samples. This is a 40CFRI41 value. If no drinking water pathway exists, a value of 30,000 pCi/liter may be used

- If no drinking water pathway exists, a reporting level of 20 pCi/liter may be used PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 19

Table 6.3 TYPICAL MDA VALUES AIRBORNE ANALYSIS/ WATER MILK PARTICULATE VEGETATION NUCLIDE (pCi/liter) (pCi/liter) or GAS (pCi/kg, wet)

(pCi/m3)

Gross Beta 1.9 0.004 H-3 340 Mn-54 11 Fe-59 21 Co-58 10 Co-60 12 Zn-65 Zr-95 Nb-95 24 19 11 I

1-131 9 1 0.04 50 Cs-134 I1 1 0.003 49 Cs-137 11 1 0.003 58 Ba-140 36 4 La-140 13 NOTES:

a - low level 1-131 is not required since there is no drinking water pathway b - Based on 433 M 3 , the normal weekly sample volume PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 20

7. Interlaboratory Comparison Program 7.1. Quality Control Program APS maintains an extensive QA/QC Program to provide assurance that samples are collected, handled, tracked, and analyzed to specified requirements. This program includes appropriate elements of USNRC Regulatory Guide 4.15, Quality Assurance for Radiological Monitoring Programs (Normal Operations) - Effluent Streams and the Environment, Rev. 1. Included in the program are procedures for sample collection, preparation and tracking, sample analysis, equipment calibration and checks, and ongoing participation in an interlaboratory comparison program. Duplicate/replicate samples are analyzed to verify analytical precision and sample methodology. Comprehensive data reviews are performed including trending of data where appropriate.

During 2014, APS analyzed the following sample types under the interlaboratory comparison program;

" Beta/Gamma/ in Air Filter

" 1-131 in Air

Beta in Water

" Gamma in Water

" Tritium in Water

" Gamma in Milk 7.2. Intercomparison Results APS participates in a crosscheck program using vendor supplied blind radionuclide samples.

Results for the interlaboratory comparison program are presented in Table 7.1.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT -2014 21

TABLE 7.1 INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON RESULTS Sample Analysis Nuclide Units Known PVNGS 1 sigma Resolution* Ratio NRC Acceptable?

ID Type Value** Value Error Range Gross Beta E10843 Filter G. Beta pCi/ea 8.85E+01 1.03E+02 7.20E+00 14 1.16 0.60 - 1.66 YES E10845 1-131 Cartridge 1-131 pCi/ea 7.54E+01 7.70E+01 4.30E+00 18 1.02 0.75 - 1.33 YES E10844 Gamma Filter Ce-141 pCi/ea 5.36E+01 5.20E+01 3.67E+00 14 0.97 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cr-51 pCi/ea 2.21E+02 2.75E+02 2.78E+01 10 1.24 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cs-134 pCi/ea 9.47E+01 8.70E+01 6.OOE+00 15 0.92 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cs-137 pCi/ea 1.14E+02 1.20E+02 8.20E+00 15 1.05 0.60 - 1.66 YES Co-58 pCi/ea 1.21E+02 1.23E+02 7.90E+00 16 1.02 0.75 - 1.33 YES Mn-54 pCi/ea 1.34E+02 1.46E+02 8.70E+00 17 1.09 0.75 - 1.33 YES Fe-59 pCI/ea 9.87E+01 1.00E+02 1.05E+01 10 1.01 0.60 - 1.66 YES Zn-65 pCi/ea 1.46E+02 1.37E+02 1.40E+01 10 0.94 0.60 - 1.66 YES Co-60 pCi/ea 1.52E+02 1.54E+02 8.90E+00 17 1.01 0.75 - 1.33 YES E10842 Gamma Milk 1-131 pCi/L 1.65E+01 1.69E+01 1.82E+00 9 1.02 0.60 - 1.66 YES Ce-141 pCi/L 1.58E+01 1.70E+01 2.19E+00 8 1.08 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cr-51 pCi/L 6.51E+01 8.OOE+01 1.06E+01 8 1.23 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cs-134 pCi/L 2.79E+01 2.83E+01 2.08E+00 14 1.01 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cs-137 pCi/L 3.36E+01 3.47E+01 2.36E+00 15 1.03 0.60 - 1.66 YES Co-58 pCiVL 3.55E+01 3.69E+01 2.48E+00 15 1.04 0.60 - 1.66 YES Mn-54 pCi/L 3.94E+01 4.10E+01 2.95E+00 14 1.04 0.60 - 1.66 YES Fe-59 pOXL 2.90E+01 3.56E+01 3.52E+00 10 1.23 0.60 - 1.66 YES Zn-65 pCi/L 4.28E+01 4.53E+01 4.75E+00 10 1.06 0.60 - 1.66 YES Co-60 pCi/L 4.47E+01 4.30E+01 2.56E+00 17 0.96 0.75 - 1.33 YES Gross Beta E10953 Water G. Beta pCil/L 2.50E+02 2.68E+02 6.OOE+00 45 1.07 0.75 - 1.33 YES E10954 Tritium H-3 pCi/L 9.85E+03 9.73E+03 3.29E+02 30 0.99 0.75 - 1.33 YES PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 22

TABLE 7.1 INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON RESULTS E10955 Gamma Water 1-131 pCi/L 9.88E+01 7.67E+01 5.47E+00 14 0.78 0.60 1.66 YES Ce-141 pO/L 4.33E+00 1.25E+02 9.70E+01 22 0.78 0.75 1.33 YES Cr-51 pCi/L 2.17E+01 2.86E+02 2.13E+02 10 0.74 0.60 1.66 YES pCi/L Cs-134 Di/lL 1.56E+02 1.14E+02 4.80E+00 24 0.73 0.75 1.33 NO Cs-137 l 1.92E+02 1.49E+02 i 5.80E+00 +i 26 0.78 0.75 1.33 YES Co-58 pCi/L 1.42E+02 1.08E+02 4.90E+00 22 0.76 0.75 1.33 YES Mn-54 pCi/L 1.41E+02 1.09E+02 5.O0E+00 22 0.77 0.75 1.33 YES Fe-59 pCi/L 1.57E+02 1.33E+02 8.40E+00 16 0.85 0.75 1.33 YES Zn-65 pO/L 7.24E+01 6.08E+01 5.94E+00 10 0.84 0.60 1.66 YES Co-60 D)Ci/L 2.95E+02 2.35E+02 8.30E+00 28 0.80 0.75 1.33 YES E10956 1-131 Cartridge 1-131 pCi/ea 9.OOE+01 8.68E+01 3.69E+00 24 0.96 0.75 - 1.33 YES E10957 Gamma Filter Ce-141 pCi/ea 8.39E+01 8.97E+01 4.26E+00 21 1.07 0.75 - 1.33 YES Cr-51 pCi/ea 1.92E+02 2.21E+02 2.02E+01 11 1.15 0.60 - 1.66 YES Cs-134 pCi/ea 1.05E+02 8.82E+01 5.04E+00 18 0.84 0.75 - 1.33 YES Cs-137 pCi/ea 1.28E+02 1.42E+02 7.60E+00 19 1.11 0.75 - 1.33 YES Co-58 pCi/ea 9.51E+01 1.01E+02 6.OOE+00 17 1.06 0.75 - 1.33 YES Mn-54 pCi/ea 9.43E+01 1.13E+02 6.50E+00 17 1.20 0.75 - 1.33 YES Fe-59 pCi/ea 1.05E+02 1.36E+02 1.01E+01 13 1.30 0.60 - 1.66 YES Zn-65 pCi/ea 4.85E+01 6.46E+01 6.66E+00 10 1.33 0.60 - 1.66 YES Co-60 pCi/ea 1.98E+02 2.14E+02 1.02E+01 21 1.08 0.75 - 1.33 YES

calculated from PVNGS value/1 sigma error value

- Eckert & Ziegler Analytics, Inc. NIST-traceable known value NRC Acceptance Criteria 1 Resolution Ratio 4-7 0.5-2.0 8-15 0.6-1.66 16-50 0.75-1.33 51-200 0.80-1.25

>200 0.85-1.18 1From NRC Inspection Manual, procedure #84750, "Radioactive Waste Systems; Water Chemistry; Confirmatory Measurements" PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 23

TABLE 7.1 INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON RESULTS Assigned Value Acceptance Sample Analysis ERA PT Nudide Units PVNGS I Umit 2 Results Type Type Study Value Water Gross Beta RAD-97 g beta pCi/L 36.2 33 21.4 - 40.7 Acceptable Water Tritium RAD-97 H-3 pCi/L 8,790 8,770 7610 - 9550 Acceptable Water Gamma RAD-97 Ba-133 pCi/L 92.2 87.9 74.0 - 96.7 Acceptable Cs-1 34 pCi/L 41.7 44.3 35.5-48.7 Acceptable Cs-1 37 pCi/L 91.2 89.1 80.2 - 101 Acceptable Co-60 pCi/L 64.3 64.2 57.8 - 73.1 Acceptable Zn-65 pCi/L 258 235 212 - 275 Acceptable Filter Gross Beta MRAD-21 g beta pCi/ea 28.2 21.1 13.3-30.8 Acceptable

'The ERA assigned values are established per the guidelines contained in the National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference (NELAC) program criteria as applicable.

2 "Acceptance Umits" have been calculated per ERA's Standard Operating Procedure for the Generation of Performance Acceptance Limits.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 24

8. Data Interpretations and Conclusions Associated with the analytical process are potential random and systematic errors. Systematic errors can be caused by instrument malfunctions, incomplete precipitation, back scattering, and self-absorption. Random errors are beyond the control of the analyst.

Efforts are made to minimize both systematic and random errors in the data reported. Systematic errors are minimized by performing reviews throughout the analysis. For example, instruments are checked routinely with radioactive sources, and recovery and self-absorption factors based on individual sample analyses are incorporated into the calculation equations where necessary. Random errors are reduced by comparing all data to historical data for the same site and performing comparisons between analytical results when available. In addition, when data do not appear to match historical results, analyses may be rerun on a separate aliquot of the sample to verify the presence of the activity. The acceptance of data is dependent upon the results of quality control samples and is part of the data review process for all analytical results.

The "plus or minus value" reported with each analytical result represents the counting error associated with the result and gives the 95% confidence (2a) interval around the data.

Most samples contain radioactivity associated with natural background/cosmic radioactivity (e.g. K-40, Th-234, and Be-7). Gross beta results for drinking water and air are due to natural background. Gamma emitting radionuclides, which can be attributed to natural background sources, are not indicated in this meomrt.

Results and interpretation of the data for all of the samples analyzed during 2014 are presented in the following sections.

8.1. Air Particulates Weekly gross beta results, in quarterly format, are presented in Tables 8.1 and 8.2. Gross beta activity at indicator locations ranged from 0.010 to 0.071 pCi/m 3 . Mean quarterly activity is normally calculated using weekly activity over a thirteen (13) week period. Also presented in the tables are the weekly mean values of all the sites as well as the percent relative standard deviation (RSD %) for the data.

Tables 8.3 displays the results of gamma spectroscopy on the quarterly composites of the weekly samples.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 25

8.2. Airborne Radioiodine Tables 8.4 and 8.5 present the quarterly radioiodine results. Radioiodine was not observed in any samples.

8.3. Vegetation Table 8.6 presents gamma isotopic data for the vegetation samples. No gamma emitting radionuclides were observed in any of the samples..

8.4. Milk Table 8.7 presents gamma isotopic data for the goat milk samples. No gamma emitting radionuclides were observed in any of the samples.

8.5. Drinking Water Samples were analyzed for gross beta, tritium, and gamma emitting radionuclides. Results of these analyses are presented in Table 8.8. No tritium or gamma emitting radionuclides were detected in any samples. Gross beta activity ranged from less than detectable to a high of 6.6 pCi/liter. The gross beta activity is attributable to natural (background) radioactive materials.

8.6. Ground Water Ground water samples were analyzed from two onsite wells (regional aquifer) for tritium and gamma emitting radionuclides. Results obtained from the analysis of the samples are presented in Table 8.9.

No tritium or gamma emitting radionuclides were observed in any of the samples.

8.7. Surface Water Surface water samples from the Reservoirs and Evaporation Ponds were analyzed for tritium and gamma emitting radionuclides. The two Reservoirs contain processed sewage water from the City of Phoenix and are approximately 45 and 85 acres in size. The three Evaporation Ponds receive mostly circulating water from main turbine condenser cooling and are about 200-250 acres each.

Sample results are presented in Table 8.10. 1-131 was observed in both reservoirs and Evaporation Ponds IA, 1B, and 2A. The 1-131 levels ranged from 14 pCi/L - 42 pCi/L. 1-131 in these surface water locations is a result of radiopharmaceutical 1-131 in the Phoenix sewage effluent and is not attributable to plant effluents.

Tritium was routinely observed in the Evaporation Ponds. The highest concentration was 2640 pCi/liter. Tritium was not detected in the Reservoirs. The tritium identified in the Evaporation Ponds has been attributed to permitted plant gaseous effluent releases and secondary plant liquid discharges (e.g. condensate overboard discharge, secondary side steam generator drains, secondary plant sumps, demineralizer regeneration waste). The tritium concentrations were compared to historical values and are considered typical for the Evaporation Ponds.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 26

WRF Influent (Phoenix sewage effluent containing radiopharmaceutical 1-131) samples collected by the WRF were analyzed for gamma emitting radionuclides and tritium. The results, presented in Table 8.10, demonstrate that 1-131 was observed routinely. The 1-131 concentration ranged from less than detectable to 59 pCi/liter. None of the samples analyzed indicated the presence of tritium.

Table 8. 10 also presents gamma spectroscopy and tritium measurements of samples collected from Sedimentation Basin 2. This basin collects rain water from site runoff and was dry for most of the year. Low concentrations of tritium were identified in two (2) of eleven (11) samples ranging from less than detectable to 534 pCi/liter. The tritium was attributed to rain washout of plant gaseous effluent releases. No gamma emitting radionuclides were observed in the samples.

8.8. Sludge and Sediment 8.8.1. WRF Centrifuge waste sludge Sludge samples were obtained from the WRF centrifuge and analyzed by gamma spectroscopy. I-131 activity in the sludge is consistent with historical values and, as previously discussed, is due to radiopharmaceuticals in the WRF Influent. The concentration of 1-131 ranged from 202 to 843 pCi/kg.

In- 111 was also identified in the sludge in one sample at 139 pCi/kg. It was previously established that In-I ll is also used in the Phoenix area as a radiopharmaceutical.

Results for WRF centrifuge waste sludge can be found in Table 8.11.

8.8.2. Cooling Tower sludge Sludge/sediment originating from the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Cooling Towers and Circulating Water canals was disposed of in the WRF sludge landfill during 2014. Sample results can be found in Table 8.11.

8.9. Data Trends Figures 8.1-8.8 present data in graphical format. Historical data are displayed for comparison where practical.

8.10. Hard-to-Detect Radionuclide Results Table 8.12 shows the results of the three subsurface samples obtained from 3 tritium monitoring points. These samples were analyzed for hard-to-detect radionuclides (e.g. C-14, Fe-55, Ni-63, Sr-

90) and all results were <MDA. These results indicate that no leaks from plant systems have affected groundwater.

PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 27

TABLE 8.1 PARTICULATE GROSS BETA IN AIR 1s' - 2n' QUARTER ODCM required samples denoted by

3 units are pCi/m 1st Quarter (control)

START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site RSD Week # DATE DATE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40* Mean (%)

1 30-Dec- 13 7-Jan-14 0.049 0.054 0.046 0.043 0.042 0.043 0.047 0.047 0.040 0.043 0.045 8.8 2 7-Jan- 14 14-Jan- 14 0.048 0.046 0.046 0.043 0.043 0.042 0.045 0.043 0.041 0.047 0.044 4.9 3 14-Jan- 14 21-Jan-14 0.040 0.043 0.037 0.036 0.036 0.034 0.040 0.037 0.035 0.036 0.037 7.9 4 21 -Jan- 14 28-Jan-14 0.062 0.063 0.063 0.059 0.063 0.061 0.064 0.052 0.058 0.066 0.061 6.4 5 28-Jan-14 4-Feb-14 0.033 0.033 0.032 0.030 0.027 0.031 0.035 0.030 0.028 0.033 0.031 7.6 6 4-Feb- 14 11 -Feb- 14 0.021 0.020 0.022 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.022 0.019 9.7 7 11-Feb-14 18-Feb- 14 0.036 0.038 0.036 0.034 0.033 0.036 0.035 0.035 0.032 0.034 0.035 5.6 8 18-Feb-14 24-Feb-14 0.037 0.039 0.036 0.036 0.037 0.037 0.031 0.041 0.036 0.029 0.036 9.9 9 24-Feb- 14 4-Mar-14 0.023 0.026 0.026 0.023 0.024 **0.0363 0.025 0.026 0.022 0.025 0.024 5.8 10 4-Mar- 14 11 -Mar-14 0.017 0.020 0.019 0.016 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.018 9.5 11 11 -Mar- 14 18-Mar- 14 0.026 0.028 0.025 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.026 5.5 12 18-Mar-14 25-Mar-14 0.028 0.029 0.032 0.028 0.031 0.033 0.027 0.027 0.028 0.025 0.029 7.9 13 25-Mar-14 1-Apr-14 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.023 0.023 2.4 Mean 0.034 0.036 0.034 0.032 0.032 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.03 i 0.033 0.033 3.7 2nd Quarter (control)

START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site RSD Week # DATE DATE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40* Mean (%)

14 I-Apr- 14 8-Apr- 14 0.018 0.017 0.014 0.016 0.014 0.014 0.010 0.016 0.017 0.016 0.015 14.8 15 8-Apr-14 15-Apr-14 0.030 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.028 0.026 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.028 0.027 5.7 16 15-Apr- 14 22-Apr-14 0.035 0.036 0.032 0.034 0.032 0.033 0.031 0.027 0.031 0.031 0.032 8.0 17 22-Apr-14 29-Apr-14 0.027 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.024 0.025 0.027 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.026 5.4 18 29-Apr- 14 6-May-14 0.029 0.027 0.027 0.026 0.027 0.030 0.026 0.028 0.026 0.027 0.027 5.4 19 6-May-14 13-May-14 0.021 0.021 0.024 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.020 0.020 0.021 6.0 20 13-May-14 20-May-14 0.028 0.030 0.030 0.029 0.030 0.028 0.027 0.027 0.028 0.028 0.028 4.2 21 20-May- 14 27-May- 14 0.032 0.031 0.033 0.020 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.032 0.031 0.029 12.9 22 27-May-14 3-Jun-14 0.036 0.036 0.033 0.033 0.035 0.037 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 3.6 23 3-Jun- 14 10-Jun-14 0.035 0.037 0.040 0.032 0.039 0.039 0.037 0.036 0.039 0.037 0.037 6.1 24 10-Jun-14 16-Jun- 14 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.041 0.041 0.042 0.041 0.036 0.039 0.038 0.040 4.6 25 16-Jun- 14 24-Jun- 14 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.024 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.025 3.2 26 24-Jun- 14 1-Jul- 14 0.025 0.025 0.028 0.027 0.024 0.026 0.023 0.023 0.027 0.020 0.025 9.6 Mean 0.029 0.029 0.029 0.028 0.028 0.029 0.027 0.027 0.028 0.028 0.028 2.8

- Sample pump lost power, evaluated under CRDR 4509720 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT- 2014 28

TABLE 8.2 PARTICULATE GROSS BETA IN AIR 3 rd - 4 th QUARTER ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/m3 3rd Quarter (control)

START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site RSD Week # DATE DATE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40* Mean (M) 27 I-Jul- 14 8-Jul-14 0.026 0.028 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.027 0.024 0.026 0.027 0.027 0.026 3.4 28 8-Jul- 14 15-Jul-14 0.026 0.026 0.024 0.024 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.027 0.025 0.027 0.025 4.1 29 15-Jul-14 22-Jul-14 0.030 0.028 0.029 0.028 0.024 0.029 0.021 0.023 0.024 0.028 0.027 12.0 30 22-Jul-14 29-Jul-14 0.034 0.035 0.032 0.034 0.035 0.035 0.033 0.031 0.032 0.030 0.033 5.4 31 29-Jul-14 5-Aug-14 0.035 0.032 0.034 0.037 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.037 0.035 0.036 0.035 4.5 32 5-Aug-14 12-Aug-14 0.030 0.031 0.034 0.035 0.032 0.034 0.032 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.033 5.3 33 12-Aug-14 19-Aug-14 0.024 0.027 0.030 0.027 0.027 0.029 0.028 0.026 0.027 0.026 0.027 5.8 34 19-Aug-14 26-Aug-14 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.021 0.022 0.021 0.020 0.023 0.022 0.021 5.2 35 26-Aug- 14 2-Sep-14 0.037 0.035 0.040 0.036 0.037 0.034 0.033 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.036 4.8 36 2-Sep- 14 9-Sep-14 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.023 0.025 3.6 37 9-Sep-14 16-Sep-14 0.024 0.026 0.025 0.027 0.025 0.024 0.023 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.025 4.3 38 16-Sep- 14 23-Sep-14 0.022 0.021 0.023 0.020 0.020 0.018 0.021 0.020 0.019 0.021 0.020 6.7 39 23-Sep-14 30-Sep-14 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.026 0.024 0.026 0.023 0.023 0.024 0.022 0.024 6.4 Mean 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.027 0.028 0.026 0.027 0.027 0.028 0.028 2.045 4th Quarter (control)

START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site RSD Week # DATE DATE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40* Mean T

40 30-Sep-14 7-Oct-14 0.037 0.038 0.037 0.039 0.037 0.039 0.031 0.036 0.035 0.036 0.037 6.4 41 7-Oct- 14 14-Oct- 14 0.043 0.046 0.044 0.046 0.041 0.044 0.043 0.046 0.044 0.045 0.044 3.4 42 14-Oct- 14 2 1-Oct- 14 0.043 0.041 0.043 0.042 0.038 0.043 0.042 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.041 6.4 43 2 1-Oct- 14 28-Oct-14 0.038 0.040 0.038 0.036 0.036 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.033 0.037 0.037 5.2 44 28-Oct- 14 4-Nov-14 0.031 0.030 0.031 0.030 0.029 0.027 0.029 0.028 0.027 0.029 0.029 5.0 45 4-Nov- 14 11-Nov-14 0.040 0.041 0.042 0.040 0.038 0.041 0.039 0.038 0.037 0.041 0.043 23.6 46 1 1-Nov-14 18-Nov-14 0.032 0.032 0.036 0.035 0.030 0.034 0.032 0.034 0.032 0.033 0.033 5.2 47 18-Nov- 14 25-Nov-14 0.045 0.047 0.042 0.042 0.040 0.041 0.037 0.043 0.041 0.040 0.042 6.7 48 25-Nov- 14 2-Dec-14 0.031 0.034 0.029 0.029 0.031 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.030 0.028 0.031 5.8 49 2-Dec-14 9-Dec- 14 0.033 0.033 0.030 0.035 0.033 0.027 0.034 0.035 0.032 0.033 0.033 7.4 50 9-Dec- 14 16-Dec-14 0.042 0.044 0.036 0.040 0.043 0.045 0.043 0.043 0.041 0.037 0.041 7.1 51 16-Dec-14 22-Dec- 14 0.026 0.030 0.026 0.028 0.027 0.025 0.028 0.028 0.024 0.027 0.027 6.4 52 23-Dec- 14 29-Dec-14 0.027 0.028 0.027 0.025 0.023 0.025 0.025 0.024 0.022 0.023 0.025 7.9 Mean 0.036 0.037 0.035 0.036 0.034 0.038 0.035 0.036 0.034 0.034 0,036 3.7 Annual Average 0.0317 0.0325 0.0317 0.0309 0.0307 0.0319 0.0303 0.0306 0.0301 0.0305 0.0311 6.7206 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 29

TABLE 8.3 GAMMA IN AIR FILTER COMPOSITES ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/m3 (control)

QUARTER Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site ENDPOINT NUCLIDE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40*

25-Mar-14 Cs-134 <0.0023 <0.0050 <0.0030 <0.0022 <0.0040 <0.0024 <0.0040 <0.0020 <0.0036 <0.0028 Cs-137 <0.0026 <0.0011 <0.0038 <0.0006 <0.0054 <0.0018 <0.0038 <0.0032 <0.0044 <0.0021 24-Jun-14 Cs-134 <0.0024 <0.0021 <0.0034 <0.0030 <0.0030 <0.0028 <0.0049 <0.0033 <0.0013 <0.0034 Cs-137 <0.0026 <0.0033 <0.0046 <0.0045 <0.0025 <0.0037 <0.0028 <0.0046 <0.0023 <0.0024 30-Sep-14 Cs-134 <0.0018 <0.0027 <0.0034 <0.0015 <0.0022 <0.0019 <0.0040 <0.0018 <0.0034 <0.0015 Cs-137 <0.0019 <0.0033 <0.0044 <0.0018 <0.0041 <0.0015 <0.0049 <0.0026 <0.0009 <0.0022 30-Dec-13 Cs-134 <0.0017 <0.0033 <0.0008 <0.0016 <0.0034 <0.0022 <0.0033 <0.0021 <0.0033 <0.0019 Cs-137 <0.0021 <0.0032 <0.0046 <0.0020 <0.0052 <0.0022 <0.0046 <0.0016 <0.0044 <0.0028 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT- 2014 30

TABLE 8.4 RADIOIODINE IN AIR 1st - 2 nd QUARTER ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/m3 1st Quarter (control) required LLD <0.070 START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site

Wek DATE DATE 4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40*

1 30-Dec-13 7-Jan-14 <0.0261 <0.0405 <0.0482 <0.0233 <0.0482 <0.0240 <0.0428 <0.0263 <0.0564 <0.0161 2 7-Jan-14 14-Jan-14 <0.0592 <0.0365 <0.0557 <0.0507 <0.0210 <0.0426 <0.0359 <0.0344 <0.0450 <0.0260 3 14-Jan-14 21-Jan-14 <0.0318 <0.0529 <0.0592 <0.0329 <0.0561 <0.0353 <0.0499 <0.0428 <0.0678 <0.0323 4 21-Jan-14 28-Jan-14 <0.0357 <0.0459 <0.0467 <0.0187 <0.0329 <0.0443 <0.0367 <0.0586 <0.0366 <0.0629 5 28-Jan-14 4-Feb-14 <0.0287 <0.0565 <0.0330 <0.0580 <0.0263 <0.0499 <0.0336 <0.0402 <0.0216 <0.0577 6 4-Feb- 14 11 -Feb- 14 <0.0181 <0.0466 <0.0549 <0.0183 <0.0524 <0.0312 <0.0585 <0.0296 <0.0465 <0.0200 7 11-Feb-14 18-Feb-14 <0.0443 <0.0460 <0.0461 <0.0458 <0.0552 <0.0249 <0.0144 <0.0320 <0.0606 <0.0298 8 18-Feb-14 25-Feb-14 <0.0365 <0.0603 <0.0665 <0.0079 <0.0653 <0.0323 <0.0490 <0.0343 <0.0662 <0.0226 9 25-Feb-14 4-Mar-14 <0.0281 <0.0336 <0.0441 <0.0263 <0.0564 <0.0395 <0.0579 <0.0207 <0.0447 <0.0179 10 4-Mar-14 11-Mar-14 <0.0216 <0.0531 <0.0615 <0.0406 <0.0327 <0.0265 <0.0375 <0.0348 <0.0352 <0.0349 11 11-Mar-14 18-Mar-14 <0.0364 <0.0282 <0.0685 <0.0354 <0.0360 <0.0344 <0.0626 <0.0319 <0.0603 <0.0267 12 18-Mar-14 25-Mar-14 <0.0209 <0.0523 <0.0343 <0.0245 <0.0493 <0.0300 <0.0565 <0.0299 <0.0560 <0.0328 13 25-Mar-14 1-Apr-14 <0.0279 <0.0635 <0.0486 <0.0306 <0.0414 <0.0202 <0.0508 <0.0242 <0.0496 <0.0323 2nd Quarter required LLD (control) <0.070 START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Week DATE DATE 4 A

4 6A* 7A 14A* 15" 17A 21 29* 35 40*

14 1-Apr-14 8-Apr-14 <0.0240 <0.0422 <0.0618 <0.0255 <0.0520 <0.0443 <0.0471 <0.0338 <0.0417 <0.0231 15 8-Apr-14 15-Apr-14 <0.0512 <0.0483 <0.0387 <0.0571 <0.0485 <0.0622 <0.0685 <0.0463 <0.0500 <0.0500 16 15-Apr-14 22-Apr-14 <0.0369 <0.0496 <0.0232 <0.0432 <0.0220 <0.0672 <0.0233 <0.0379 <0.0259 <0.0539 17 22-Apr-14 29-Apr-14 <0.0580 <0.0666 <0.0688 <0.0699 <0.0694 <0.0603 <0.0456 <0.0289 <0.0616 <0.0376 18 29-Apr-14 6-May-14 <0.0335 <0.0540 <0.0617 <0.0247 <0.0538 <0.0335 <0.0621 <0.0391 <0.0484 <0.0302 19 6-May-14 13-May-14 <0.0305 <0.0668 <0.0512 <0.0190 <0.0625 <0.0447 <0.0648 <0.0386 <0.0678 <0.0329 20 13-May-14 20-May-14 <0.0350 <0.0620 <0.0484 <0.0337 <0.0611 <0.0277 <0.0444 <0.0127 <0.0567 <0.0272 21 20-May-14 27-May-14 <0.0632 <0.0364 <0.0324 <0.0508 <0.0311 <0.0663 <0.0382 <0.0468 <0.0260 <0.0640 22 27-May-14 3-Jun-14 <0.0540 <0.0228 <0.0510 <0.0308 <0.0127 <0.0188 <0.0638 <0.0456 <0.0563 <0.0267 23 3-Jun-14 10-Jun-14 <0.0304 <0.0120 <0.0429 <0.0238 <0.0427 <0.0239 <0.0577 <0.0274 <0.0674 <0.0359 24 10-Jun-14 16-Jun-14 <0.0345 <0.0615 <0.0594 <0.0337 <0.0662 <0.0350 <0.0632 <0.0319 <0.0510 <0.0286 25 16-Jun-17 24-Jun-14 <0.0292 <0.0443 <0.0537 <0.0285 <0.0455 <0.0241 <0.0516 <0.0162 <0.0394 <0.0237 26 24-Jun-14 1-Jul-14 <0.0365 <0.0662 <0.0296 <0.0333 <0.0424 <0.0537 <0.0285 <0.0604 <0.0068 <0.0473 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 31

TABLE 8.5 RADIOIODINE IN AIR 3 rd - 4 th QUARTER ODCM required samples denoted by

3 units are pCi/m 3rd Quarter (control) 0.070 START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Week DATE DATE 21 29* 35 40*

4 6A* 7A 14A* 15* 17A 27 I-Jul-14 8-Jul-14 <0.0429 <0.0699 <0.0274 <0.0143 <0.0246 <0.0570 <0.0337 <0.0535 <0.0340 <0.0619 28 8-Jul-14 15-Jul-14 <0.0317 <0.0623 <0.0578 <0.0261 <0.0570 <0.0243 <0.0639 <0.237 <0.0357 <0.0323 29 15-Jul-14 22-Jul- 14 <0.0258 <0.0345 <0.0395 <0.0128 <0.0498 <0.0275 <0.0431 <0.0372 <0.0431 <0.0126 30 22-Jul-14 29-Jul- 14 <0.0190 <0.0207 <0.0653 <0.0331 <0.0317 <0.0223 <0.0506 <0.0183 <0.0493 <0.0267 31 29-Jul- 14 5-Aug-14 <0.0295 <0.0436 <0.0426 <0.0354 <0.0543 <0.0288 <0.0452 <0.0 185 <0.0486 <0.0272 32 5-Aug-14 12-Aug-14 <0.0332 <0.0608 <0.0547 <0.0233 <0.0573 <0.0248 <0.0483 <0.0 194 <0.0688 <0.0244 33 12-Aug- 14 19-Aug-14 <0.03 10 <0.0666 <0.0552 <0.0315 <0.0541 <0.0323 <0.0501 <0.0199 <0.0660 <0.0222 34 19-Aug-14 26-Aug-14 <0.0342 <0.0561 <0.0410 <0.0322 <0.0418 <0.0226 <0.0560 <0.0532 <0.0512 <0.0477 35 26-Aug-14 2-Sep-14 <0.0244 <0.0568 <0.0485 <0.0329 <0.0554 <0.0319 <0.0575 <0.0276 <0.0556 <0.0228 36 2-Sep- 14 9-Sep-14 <0.284 <0.0444 <0.0686 <0.236 <0.624 <0.0191 <0.0368 <0.0234 <0.422 <0.0306 37 9-Sep-14 16-Sep-14 <0.0280 <0.0488 <0.0217 <0.0468 <0.0319 <0.0468 <0.0314 <0.0681 <0.0229 <0.0596 38 16-Sep-14 23-Sep-14 <0.0247 <0.0660 <0.0337 <0.0353 <0.0585 <0.0194 <0.0689 <0.0267 <0.0642 <0.0401 39 23-Sep-14 30-Sep- 14 <0.0342 <0.0437 <0.0341 <0.0301 <0.0435 <0.0197 <0.0133 <0.0324 <0.0600 <0.0271 4th Quarter (control) 0.070 START STOP Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Site Week

DATE DATE 15* 17A 21 29* 35 40*

4 6A* 7A 14A*

40 30-Sep-14 7-Oct- 14 <0.0256 <0.0353 <0.0592 <0.0260 <0.0511 <0.0311 <0.0452 <0.0324 <0.0359 <0.0294 41 7-Oct-14 14-Oct- 14 <0.0269 <0.0332 <0.0 180 <0.0429 <0.0306 <0.0672 <0.0248 <0.0592 <0.0232 <0.0514 42 14-Oct-14 21 -Oct- 14 <0.0073 <0.0420 <0.0650 <0.0339 <0.0691 <0.0239 <0.0431 <0.0336 <0.0599 <0.0265 43 2 1-Oct-14 28-Oct-14 <0.0365 <0.0551 <0.0581 <0.0221 <0.0672 <0.0404 <0.0696 <0.0338 <0.0542 <0.0262 44 28-Oct-14 4-Nov-14 <0.0335 <0.0411 <0.0332 <0.0264 <0.0594 <0.0227 <0.0589 <0.0312 <0.0588 <0.0219 45 4-Nov- 14 I I-Nov-14 <0.0296 <0.0602 <0.0500 <0.0338 <0.0335 <0.0278 <0.0562 <0.0339 <0.0444 <0.0341 46 1 -Nov- 14 18-Nov-14 <0.0214 <0.0475 <0.0614 <0.0299 <0.0677 <0.0394 <0.0381 <0.0337 <0.0647 <0.0394 47 18-Nov- 14 25-Nov-14 <0.0423 <0.0306 <0.240 <0.0342 <0.0369 <0.0541 <0.0479 <0.0455 <0.0362 <0.0685 48 25-Nov- 14 2-Dec- 14 <0.0418 <0.0697 <0.0399 <0.0427 <0.0461 <0.0222 <0.0408 <0.0250 <0.0386 <0.0312 49 2-Dec- 14 9-Dec- 14 <0.0585 <0.0343 <0.0132 <0.0072 <0.0559 <0.0293 <0.0367 <0.0247 <0.0564 <0.0295 50 9-Dec- 14 16-Dec- 14 <0.0284 <0.0645 <0.0533 <0.0267 <0.0514 <0.0316 <0.0595 <0.0347 <0.0528 <0.0223 51 16-Dec- 14 22-Dec-14 <0.0372 <0.0425 <0.0332 <0.0436 <0.0478 <0.0465 <0.0408 <0.0233 <0.0334 <0.0221 52 23-Dec- 14 29-Dec- 14 <0.0412 <0.03 10 <0.0482 <0.0317 <0.0179 <0.0538 <0.0303 <0.0590 <0.0489 <0.0240 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 32

TABLE 8.6 VEGETATION ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/kg, wet

<60 <60 <80 DATE Cs- Cs-LOCATION TYPE COLLECTED 1-131 134 137 LOCAL NONE RESIDENCE AVAILABLE (Site #47)*

Green Cabbage 16-Jan- 14 <53 <52 <60 Green Cabbage 13-Feb-14 <58 <51 <66 Green Cabbage 13-Mar-14 <47 <57 <62 Green Cabbage 09-Apr-14 <59 <55 <67 Red COMMERCIAL Cabbage 09-Apr- 14 <45 <42 <73 Green FARM Cabbage 08-May-14 <38 <28 <32 (Site #62)* 17-Jul-14 None Available Green Cabbage 16-Oct- 14 <60 <43 <57 Green Cabbage 14-Nov- 14 <45 <56 <47 Green Cabbage 12-Dec- 14 <45 <59 <56 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 33

TABLE 8.7 MILK ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/liter SAMPLE DATE <1 <15 <18 <60 <15 LOCATION COLLECTED 1-131 Cs-134 Cs-137 Ba-140 La-140 16-Jan- 14 *No milk available due to small quantity Local Resident 27-Feb- 14 *No milk available due to small quantity Goats 28-Mar-14 *No milk available due to small quantity (Site #51)* 17-Apr-14 <1.00 <0.84 <0.96 <3.28 <0.99 22-May- 14 <1.00 <0.85 <0.99 <3.5014 <0.99 09-Jun-14 <1.00 <0.84 <0.95 <3.34 <1.01 17-Jul-14 <1.00 <0.82 <0.94 <3.26 <0.95 13-Aug-14 <1.00 <0.85 <0.98 <3.41 <1.06 18-Sep- 14 <1.00 <0.79 <0.92 <3.38 <0.98 16-Oct- 14 <1.00 <0.80 <0.91 <3.28 <1.01 20-Nov- 14 <1.00 <0.81 <0.94 <3.27 <0.97 14-Dec- 14 <1.00 <0.80 <0.94 <3.29 <1.03 16-Jan- 14 *No milk available due to small quantity 27-Feb- 14 <1.00 <0.82 <0.94 <3.31 <0.98 28-Mar-14 <1.00 <0.83 <0.95 <3.33 <1.01 Local Resident 24-Apr- 14 <1.00 <0.81 <0.95 <3.35 <1.00 Goats 15-May-14 <1.00 <0.86 <0.98 <3.35 <0.95 (Site #53)* 26-Jun-14 <1.00 <0.83 <0.98 <3.37 <1.02 24-Jul- 14 <1.00 <0.85 <0.97 <3.44 <0.99 28-Aug- 14 <1.00 <0.86 <1.00 <1.39 <1.02 26-Sep- 14 <1.00 <0.83 <0.97 <3.36 <1.02 23-Oct-14 <1.00 <0.83 <0.98 <3.33 <0.98 20-Nov- 14 <1.00 <0.80 <0.91 <3.37 <0.93 14-Dec-14 <1.00 <0.78 <0.93 <3.38 <0.98 16-Jan- 14 <1.00 <0.84 <0.97 <3.38 <1.01 Local Resident 13-Feb-14 <1.00 <0.80 <0.94 <3.27 <0.97 Goats 13-Mar-14 <1.00 <0.81 <0.93 <3.32 <1.00 (Site #54) 09-Apr- 14 <1.00 <0.84 <0.98 <3.37 <0.97 08-May-14 <1.00 <0.82 <0.96 <3.31 <1.01 12-Jun-14 <1.00 <0.84 <0.98 <3.33 <0.96 10-Jul- 14 <1.00 <0.79 <0.94 <3.28 <0.93 07-Aug- 14 <1.00 <0.99 <1.08 <3.65 <1.07 10-Sep- 14 <1.00 <0.87 <1.02 <3.46 <1.05 09-Oct- 14 <1.00 <0.82 <0.94 <3.34 <1.00 05-Nov- 14 <1.00 <0.84 <1.00 <3.44 <1.00 14-Dec- 14 <1.00 <0.82 <0.97 <3.44 <0.96 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 34

TABLE 8.8 DRINKING WATER ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/liter

<2000 SAMPLE I MONTH <15 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <15 <18 <60 <15 Qtrly <4.0 Mn- Co- Fe- Co- Zn- Nb- Zr- I- Cs- Cs- Ba- La-LOCATION ENDPOINT 54 58 59 60 65 95 95 131 134 137 140 140 Tritium Gross Beta 28-Jan-14 <12 <13 <28 <12 <25 <11 <17 <10 <12 <9 <38 <14 <3.29 24-Feb-14 <12 <11 <24 <12 <21 <13 <20 <10 <13 <12 <39 <15 <2.15 25-Mar-14 <12 <12 <27 <11 <25 <12 <19 <11 <11 <12 <40 <15 <335 <1.95 29-Apr-14 <12 <12 <24 <13 <24 <12 <21 <10 <13 <12 <36 <15 <2.05 LOCAL 27-May-14 <12 <10 <25 <14 <24 <12 <20 <9 <9 <12 <37 <15 <3.18 RESIDENCE 24-Jun-14 <12 <13 <29 <12 <27 <12 <20 <10 <11 <12 <38 <15 <327 3.31 +/- 1.97 (Site #48)

29-Jul-14 <14 <11 <26 <15 <25 <11 <16 <12 <10 <10 <38 <13 4.07 +/- 2.04 26-Aug-14 <10 <10 <19 <11 <26 <11 <18 <9 <10 <12 <37 <15 <3.74 30-Sep-14 <13 <10 <23 <9 <21 <15 <22 <12 <14 <15 <44 <14 <331 <3.79 28-Oct-14 <11 <12 <21 <15 <30 <14 <22 <14 <12 <13 <45 <14 <3.65 24-Nov-14 <12 <11 <20 <11 <22 <11 <22 <11 <11 <12 <34 <15 4.85 +/- 2.03 29-Dec-14 <10 <12 <24 <13 <25 <11 <20 <10 <10 <12 <40 <15 <333 4.27 +/- 2.28 28-Jan-14 <12 <11 <26 <15 <22 <13 <20 <13 <11 <13 <43 <14 6.5 +/- 1.7 24-Feb-14 <10 <8 <19 <10 <18 <9 <15 <9 <9 <10 <28 <12 4.05 +/- 1.59 25-Mar-14 <10 <9 <19 <9 <26 <11 <16 <9 <9 <12 <36 <15 <335 4.35 +/- 1.52 29-Apr-14 <13 <12 <28 <15 <23 <12 <20 <11 <10 <10 <35 <14 6.19 +/- 1.65 LOCAL 27-May-14 <10 <11 <25 <15 <24 <9 <17 <11 <10 <11 <38 <13 3.04 +/- 1.39 RESIDENCE 24-Jun-14 <13 <12 <25 <13 <18 <12 <20 <11 <11 <13 <42 <15 <324 6.58 +/- 1.56 (Site #55) 29-Jul-14 <12 <12 <24 <11 <30 <15 <21 <13 <11 <14 <41 <8 3.63 +/-1.44 26-Aug-14 <14 <11 <25 <14 <27 <14 <20 <12 <11 <13 <41 <15 3.36 +/-1.44 30-Sep-14 <12 <9 <19 <13 <22 <10 <19 <10 <10 <11 <35 <15 <332 2.72 +/- 1.52 28-Oct-14 <13 <14 <19 <12 <24 <15 <24 <11 <12 <11 <55 <15 3.49 +/- 1.63 25-Nov-14 <11 <8 <20 <12 <25 <9 <17 <10 <8 <10 <36 <15 5.98 +/- 1.52 30-Dec-14 <11 <11 <21 <14 <28 <13 <22 <9 <11 <12 <36 <14 <334 3.55 +/- 1.63 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 35

TABLE 8.8 DRINKING WATER ODCM required samples denoted by units are pCi/liter

<2000 SAMPLE MONTH <15 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <15 <18 <60 <15 Qtrly <4.0 Mn- Co- Fe- Co- Zn- Nb- Zr- I- Cs- Cs- Ba- La-LOCATION ENDPOINT 54 58 59 60 65 95 95 131 134 137 140 140 Tritium Gross Beta 28-Jan-14 <9 <13 <23 <14 <22 <12 <17 <10 <10 <11 <37 <13 2.1 +/- 1.3 24-Feb-14 <13 <11 <21 <14 <23 <13 <19 <12 <11 <13 <37 <15 <1.36 25-Mar-14 <10 <10 <20 <12 <25 <10 <19 <10 <9 <10 <36 <14 <339 2.89 +/- 1.35 29-Apr-14 <13 <11 <23 <11 <28 <12 <24 <12 <11 <13 <44 <12 3.29 +/- 1.42 27-May-14 <11 <12 <28 <8 <24 <13 <17 <11 <11 <12 <46 <15 <1.97 LOCAL 24-Jun-14 <14 <10 <26 <13 <27 <12 <24 <11 <8 <14 <42 <15 <324 3.67 +/- 1.36 RESIDENCE 29-Jul-14 <15 <13 <27 <14 <28 <14 <26 <13 <11 <15 <47 <15 3.62 +/- 1.39 (Site #46)

26-Aug-14 <13 <11 <16 <1H <26 <13 <23 <13 <1I <1! <37 <15 <2.35 30-Sep-14 <13 <11 <19 <10 <27 <12 <30 <13 <10 <13 <35 <15 <335 <2.26 28-Oct-14 <9 <11 <29 <13 <30 <12 <19 <12 <11 <12 <38 <13 <2.37 25-Nov-14 <11 <9 <19 <11 <20 <11 <18 <10 <10 <9 <36 <15 4.78 +/- 1.37 30-Dec-14 <13 <12 <26 <14 <25 <12 <22 <11 <13 <13 <44 <15 <332 2.66 +/- 1.49 28-Jan-14 <9 <9 <16 <10 <21 <10 <18 <9 <9 <9 <30 <15 2.1 +/- 1.3 24-Feb-14 <9 <10 <18 <15 <22 <12 <18 <10 <10 <12 <32 <13 <1.28 25-Mar-14 <13 <13 <23 <14 <30 <14 <20 <12 <11 <14 <49 <12 <340 <1.22 29-Apr-14 <11 <12 <23 <15 <28 <13 <20 <11 <12 <13 <31 <15 <1.31 27-May-14 <13 <11 <26 <11 <25 <11 <18 <10 <10 <11 <40 <15 <1.97 LOCAL 24-Jun-14 <10 <10 <20 <9 <17 <8 <15 <8 <9 <11 <27 <15 <324 2.20 +/- 1.27 RESIDENCE 29-Jul-14 <12 <14 <26 <12 <24 <11 <20 <12 <12 <13 <44 <15 2.92 +/- 1.34 (Site #49)

26-Aug-14 <11 <13 <30 <13 <30 <12 <25 <11 <10 <13 <45 <12 <2.32 30-Sep-14 <8 <8 <16 <8 <15 <8 <15 <9 <8 <10 <33 <12 <334 <2.25 28-Oct-14 <15 <12 <25 <14 <22 <13 <19 <10 <10 <13 <44 <13 <2.39 25-Nov-14 <11 <13 <21 <14 <27 <12 <20 <13 <11 <12 <44 <15 1.98 +/- 1.22 30-Dec-14 <12 <13 <19 <13 <20 <10 <18 <11 <11 <11 <42 <15 <335 <2.25 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 36

TABLE 8.9 GROUNDWATER ODCM required samples denoted by

units are pCi/liter SAMPLE DATE <15 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <30 <15 <15 <18 <60 <15 <2000 Mn- Co- Fe- Co- Zn- Nb- Zr- I- Cs- Cs- Ba- La-LOCATION COLLECTED 54 58 59 60 65 95 95 131 134 137 140 140 Tritium 28-Jan-14 <9 <10 <24 <11 <22 <12 <17 <11 <9 <9 <35 <15 <345 WELL 27ddc 29-Apr-14 <11 <9 <22 <11 <25 <13 <18 <11 <10 <10 <37 <15 <344 (Site #57)* 29-Jul-14 <12 <11 <20 <10 <22 <12 <18 <12 <11 <11 <43 <15 <319 28-Oct-14 <12 <11 <21 <13 <24 <11 <19 <11 <10 <11 <39 <15 <323 28-Jan-14 <12 <10 <18 <13 <21 <13 <16 <14 <9 <9 <43 <12 <348 WELL 34abb 29-Apr- 14 <11 <10 <20 <12 <22 <11 <16 <9 <9 <10 <33 <15 <344 (Site #58)* 29-Jul- 14 <10 <10 <26 <15 <25 <11 <19 <11 <11 <13 <44 <15 <322 28-Oct-14 <10 <10 <20 <11 <23 <12 <20 <10 <10 <10 <36 <15 <322 PVNGS ANNUAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING REPORT - 2014 37