ML20237E914

PSAR for All Chemical Isotope Enrichment,Inc Facility I - Cpdf

ML20237E914
Person / Time
Site:	05000603
Issue date:	11/12/1987
From:	ALL CHEMICAL ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT, INC.
To:
Shared Package
ML20237E882	List: ML20237E879 ML20237E905 ML20237E914 ML20237E953
References
28811, NUDOCS 8712290258
Download: ML20237E914 (57)

Text

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50-6b3 C

Preliminary Safety Analysis Report for'the

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Table of Contents Section Title ESER j

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1.0 Introduction and Summary ......................... 1-1 2.0 Site Characterization ............................ 2-1 2.1 Geography and Demography .................... 2-1 2.1.1 Site Location ........................ 2-1 2.1.2 Site Description ..................... 2-1 2.1.3 Population, Distribution, and Trends . 2-7 2.1.4 Uses of Nearby Land and Waters ....... 2-13 2.2 Nearby Industrial and Military Activities ... 2-16 2.2.1 Nuclear .............................. 2-16 2.2.2 Non-Nuclear .......................... 2-17 2.3 Meteorology ...........................'...... 2-17 2.3.1 Regional Climatology ................. '2-17 2.3.2 Local Meteorology .................... 2-21 References ................................................. 2-26 3.0 Facility and Facility Support System Description ...... 3-1 3.1 Facility Description ............................. 3-1 3.1.2 Feed Preparation Area ..................... 3-1 3.1.3 Withdrawal Area ........................... 3-1 3.2 Facility Support Systems Description ............. 3-4 3.2.1 Purge and Evacuation Systems .............. 3-4 3.2.2 Process Control Systems ................... 3-5 3.2.3 MCW System ................................ 3-6 3.2.4 Utility Systems ........................... 3-6 >

3.3 Central Plant Services ........................... 3-8 3.3.1 Medical ................................... 3-8 3.3.2 Emergency Crew ............................ 3-8 3.3.3 Fire Protection ........................... 3-8 3.3.4 Equipment Disposal ......................... 3-8 4.0 Process System Description ............................ 4-1 4.1 Isotope Characteristics .......................... 4-1 4.2 Isotope Enrichment Process Systems ............... 4-1 4.2.1 Feed System ..................'............. 4-10 4.2.2 Enrichment Process Systems ................ 4-10 4.2.3 Withdrawal System ......................... 4-13 4.3 Sampling Systems ................................. 4-13 5.0 Waste Management ...................................... 5-1 6.0 Accident Analysis ..................................... 6-1 References ................................................. 6-3 7.0 Conduct of Operations ................................. 7-1 7.1 Organizational Structure ......................... 7-1 7.2 Training Program ................................. 7-1 7.3 Decommissioning .................................. 7-3 O

(} Figure List of Figures and Tables Title Pace 2-1 Location of the AlchemIE Facility - CPDF Within the ORGDP'........................................ 2-2 2-2 Location of Oak Ridge in' Tennessee and Relationship to Geographic Region ................ 2-3 2-3 The Oak Ridge Reservation ........................ '2-3 2-4 Physiographic Map of Tennessee.................... 2-4 2-5 Geologic Map of the Oak Ridge Reservation ........ 2-5 2-6 Topographic Map of AlChemIE Facility 1 -.CPDF Site ...............................-.............. 2-6 2-7 Location Map of Major Bodies of Surface Water in the Vicinity of the Oak Ridge Reservation ....... 2-8 2-8 Population Sectors-Around AlchemIE Facility 1 -

CPDF............................................. 2-12 2-9 The Oak Ridge Reservation Wildlife Management Area ............................................ 2-15 2-10 Annual Precipitation History of Oak Ridge, Tennessee ....................................... 2-20 2-11 1985 Annual Wind Rose at 10 Meters (33 ft) Level at Meterological Tower at ORGDP ................. 2-22 2-12 1985 Annual Wind Rose at 60 Meters (197 ft) Level-at' Meterological Tower at ORGDP ................. 2-22 2-13 Location Map of Perimeter Air Monitoring Stations Around ORGDP .................................... 2-24 3-1 AlChemIE Isotope Enrichment Facility ............ 3-3 4-1 Front View of Service Module .................... 4-11 7-1 AlChemIE Organizational Structure ............... 7-2 Table Title Eagg 2-1 1980 Population and 1990 Estimated Population for the Five County Area Surrounding AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF ......................................... 2-9 2-2 Incremental Population Around AlchemIE Facility 1 - CPDF.......................................... 2-10 2-3 Incremental Transient Population Around AlchemIE Facility 1 - CPDF ................................ 2-11 2-4 Monthly climatic Summary for the Oak Ridge Area Based on a 20-year Period ........................ 2-19 2-5 Site Description and Instrumentation of the Oak ~

Ridge Weather Stations ........................... 2-23 3-1 Applicable Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 4-1 Important Characteristics of Marketable Isotopes.. 4-2 O

a Acronym List ORGDP Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant CPDF Centrifuge Plant Demonstration Facility UF6 uranium hexafluoride MRDF Machine Recycle Development Facility ACTF Advanced Centrifuge Test Facility ORR Oak Ridge Reservation MSL Mean Sea Level TSCA Toxic Substance Control Act PCB polychlorinated biphenyl MMES Martin Marietta Energy Systems DOE Department of Energy IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency PV/EV Purge and Evacuation EV evacuation vacuum PV purge vacuum PRS Pressure Reducing Station CLC Cascade Local Computer DAS data acquisition system MVIP Machine Variables Instrument Package MDP Machine Drive Package CRC control room computer CCR Cascade Control Room PLGA Product Light Gas Analyzer

() MCW LSA Machine Cooling Water lower suspension assembly BPCV Back Pressure Control Valves MCU Master Control Unit ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory e

(} 1.0 Introduction and Summary

~

The first phase of the AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF will be housed in leased facilities: at the Department of Energy's (DOE) Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

'The facility, the Centrifuge Plant Demonstration Facility (CPDF),

will be utilized in the production of enriched stable isotopes for a variety of markets.

Gas centrifuges, which were originally used for the production of enriched uranium, will provide the isotopic enrichment of various stable isotopes. Isotope separation is effected by spinning the gases at high speed in a vacuum. Advantage is then taken in the mass difference between isotopes such that the heavier isotope will be located closer to the centrifuge wall while lighter isotopes will be located more toward the axial center of the centrifuge.

Since more than one separation step is required to achieve the desired enrichment, the centrifuges are configured into cascades whereby the product from one stage, or group of centrifuge machines linked together in parallel, becomes the feed for subsequent stages of centrifuge machines. AlchemIE will utilize no more than 120 machines in a cascade arrangement at any one time.

The radiological hazards associated with CPDF operation are minimal. The only source of radiation is the residual contamination with uranium hexafluoride (UF6 ) from the previous operation. Under normal operating conditions, there is essentially no risk of exposure to radioactive materials.

The bounding accidental release was determined to be a postulated rupture of cascade process piping as a result of failure of a crane lifting fixture. Using very conservative assumptions, the resulting dose to any operating personnel in the vicinity was determined to be significantly less than the allowable exposure levels for both restricted and unrestricted areas. Therefore,.the radiological hasard posed by production of stable isotopes in the CPDF under both normal and accident conditions is determined to be acceptably low.

The remainder of this PSAR is divided into six additional sections. Section 2.0 summarizes the site characteristics which are discussed in more detail in the Environment Report. Sections 3 and 4 provide descriptions of the facility, the support systems and the process systems. Waste management is discussed in Section

5. Section 6 is the radiological accident analysis. Finally, Section 7 discusses the conduct of operations including the AlchemIE organizational structure, training programs, and decommissioning.

I 1-1

() 2.0 Site Characterization 2.1 Geography and Demography 2.1.1 Site Location The AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF is located within Building K-1220, which also houses the Machine Recycle Development Facility- (MRDF) and the Advanced Centrifuge Test Facility-(ACTF), within the boundaries of the ORGDP (Figure 2-1). The ORGDP perimeter fence lies about 200 ft east of Building K-1220. The ORGDP is located in the southwestern portion of the DOE's Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), which is located in Roane and Anderson Counties, Tennessee.

Figure 2-2 shows the geographic location of AlchemIE Facility I -

CPDF (inside the ORR) with the distances from Oak Ridge to the major cities on the east coast indicated. The ORR and the three major DOE facilities Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Y-12 Plant, and ORGDP)_ are shown in Figure .2-3.

2.1.2 Site Description The A1ChemIE Facility I - CPDF is situated in the Valley and Ridge '

Subregion of the Appalachian Highlands Province which lies between the Cumberland Mountains to the northwest and the Great Smoky

(]) Mountains to the southeast. This subregion consists of a series ]

of northeast-southwest trending ridges bordered by the Cumberland ,

Plateau on the west and by the Blue Ridge Front on the east I (Figure 2-4). The AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF site is located between the Black Oak Ridge on the northwest and Pine Ridge on the southeast (Figure 2-5).

A small remnant of East Fork Ridge, now called McKinney Ridge, borders the site on the northeast. Poplar Creek cuts through the northeast side of the site and joins the Clinch River in the southwest. Maximum relief in the immediate area is 128 m (520 ft) from the surface of Clinch River to the top of McKinney~ Ridge.

The ridges have a fairly uniform elevation of 304.8 to 335.3 m (1,000 to 1,100 ft) above mean sea level (MSL) . The valleys are approximately 243.8 m (800 ft) above MSL. The elevation of ORGDP site varies from 228.6 to 246.9 m (750 to 810 ft) above MSL. See i Figure 2-6 for more topographic details. l The long, narrow ridges are breached at irregular intervals by )

stream channels, which otherwise follow the trend of the ridges.  !

The AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF site drains predominantly into Poplar Creek which eventually drains into the Clinch River. Four i Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) reservoirs influence the flow '

and/or levels of the lower Clinch River: Norris and Melton on the Clinch River and Watts'Bar and Fort Loudon on the Tennessee River.'

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Figure' 2-6. 'Ibpographic Map of A1ChenIE Facility 1 CPDF Site.

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The major surface water bodies in the vicinity of the ORR an6 tributaries in the vicinity of AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF are shown in Figure 2-7.

The vegetation cover near the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF consists primarily of maintained lawn area, with a minimal number of trees.

The majority of the site is composed of paved marking areas, roads, work areas, and buildings of various sizes and construction materials. Portions of the surrounding area contain open water with accompanying vegetation.

The areas with vegetative cover, primarily mowed grasses, are well established and are not prone to significant erosion. The relatively flat topography of the site also limits potential from erosion resulting from precipitation events.

The maintained grounds, scattered trees, and paved or concreted areas present relatively no fire hazard, with the roads and-other j non-combustible areas acting as effective fire breaks.

2.1.3 Population, Distribution, and Trends The A1ChemIE Facility I - CPDF impact area will include five counties - Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Morgan, and Ronne - which had a combined 1980 population of 480,622. Table 2-1 gives a breakdown in 1980 population and population density and the projected 1990 population for the five county area. The five county area-had a combined 1980 population of 480,622 with a projected 1990 population of 553,635.

The five counties had a combined 1980 population of 300,584 in the 1 1C to 34 year old age group with Knox County representing 68 I percent of the total. This population group represents the potential labor force of this area. The larger the area's potential labor force, the fewer migrants required to fil) new job openings. The next largest age group is the 5 to 17 year old age group, which had a combined 1980 population of 95,758. This population group represents the potential demand for primary and secondary education services. The combined 1980 population of the over 65 year old age group was 54,053. This population group represents the potential demand for medical and nursing home care.

The populations of these age groups are in the same proportions as tht United States as a whole (DOE, 1985).

Tables 2-2 and 2-3 show the existing and transient populations, l respectively, for the sectors shown in Figure 2-8. Figure 2-8 i shows the 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mile radius surrounding the AlchemIE Facility I -CPDF site with each circle divided into 22.5' segments centered on 16 compass points (N, NNE, NE, ENE, etc.). The total O

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Radial Distance (miles)

Direction a 0-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 Totals N 0 4 187 216 205 612 NNE O 0 55 221 244 520 NE O O O 108 267 375 ENE O 0 0 19 108 127 E O O O O O O ESE 0 0 0 0 0 0 SE O O 1 24 120 145 SSE O O 1 14 82 97 5 0 1 6 21 107 135 SSW 0 0 10 70 136 216 SW 0 0 26 64 168 258 WSW 0 0 72 143 179 394 W 0 0 140 243 385 768 WNW 0 24 156 199 312 688 )

NW 0 40 155 162 125 482 NNW 0 29 172 172 69 442 i Totals 0 95 981 1676 2507 5259

a. See Figure 2-8.

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O Taoie 2-3. Incremental Transient eoPuiation Around A1ChemIE Facility 1 - CPDF Radial Distance (miles)

Direction a 0-1 D

1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 Totals N 12 0 0 0 0 12 NNE 12 0 0 0 0 12 NE 32 0 0 0 0 12 ENE 12 0 0 0 0 12 C c E 12 0 0 2602 2602 S216 ESE 12 0 0 0 0 12 d

SE 12 0 0 0 6100 6112 SSE 12 359 0 0 0 47 S 12 259 0 0 280' 317 SSW 20'] 33 0 0' 0 233 n SW 200 0 0 0 0 200 U WSW 200 0 0 0 0 200 W 863 0 0 0 0 863 WNW 863 0 0 0 0 863 NW 12 0 0 0 0 12 NNW 12 0 0 0 0 12 Totals 2458 93 0 2602 8982 14,135

a. See Figure 2-8.

b. Population at ORGDP based on April,1987 data (Source: StevenWyatt.1987).

c. Population at ORNL based on April,1987 data (Source: Steven Wyatt, 1987). '

d. Population at stock -car racetrack and boat launch (Source: UnionCarbide,1979).

e. Population at campground (Source: Union Carbide, 1979).

f. Population at boat launch (Source: Union Carbide, 1979).

g. Population at Clinch River Industrial Park.

2-11

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2-12

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1980 population existing within 5 miles of the AlchemIE Facility I

- CPDF was 5,259. As expected, the population increases with distance from the AlchemIE Isotope Separation Facility - CPDF site.

Table 2-3 represents the transient population made up of either ORNL and ORGDP employees or recreational facilities visitors. The employee population at ORNL and ORGDP is 5,204 and 2,458, respectively. Transient population at the recreational facilities within an 8 km (5 mi) radius is estimated to be 6,413.

There will be an increase in the transient popolation when the Boeing Oak Ridge, Tennessee Remote Missile Assembly Site is completed in 1993. This site is located on 1,200 acres along the Clinch River below Melton Hill Dam. The Boeing Oak Ridge, Tennessee Remote Missile Assembly will employ 450 people.

2.1.4 Uses of Nearby Land and Waters Approximately one-third of the land within the 8 km (5 mi) radius of the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF is Federally owned. No significant concentration of residential population exists within this radius. The residential population that does occur is primarily rural, has historically been relatively stable, and can be expected to remain approximately constant. No major urban areas exist within 8 km (5 mi) of the site.

() While agriculture activity has gradually declined, it still represents a significant portion of the total land use in the area. The percentages of total land area devoted to agricultural use in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Morgan, and Roane counties are 20.3 percent, 32.4 percent, 52.9 percent, 19.8 percent, and 27.8 percent, respectively (U.S. Dept. of Commerce, 1983; State of Tennessee, 1974).

No mineral extraction occurs within the 8 km (5 mi) radius of the site, although various resources are extracted in the surrounding area.

Although the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF site within the ORGDP is not forested, the Federally owned land surrounding the site is heavily forested. The majority of this land is under a forest management plan, with ongoing periodic logging and reforestation.

As existing hardwood forest (primarily oak-hickory) is harvested the trend has been to reestablish selected pine species in plantations.

A number of outdoor recreational activities take place in the area

~

surrounding the site. The Clinch River and numerous lakes provide sites for water-related activities at two boat launches and several lake access points within an 8 km (5 mi) radius (Figure 2-8). Hiking trails and scenic roadways traverse the area; a 2-13

campground is available for overnight visits. Seasonal hunting of game and migratory birds is a popular area sport which takes place ,

on some parts of the ORR itself since its designation as a wildlife management area in 1984 (Figure 2-9). Rounding out the sites for outdoor recreation is a stockcar race track (Figure 2-8). Usage of all there facilities, especially during peak hour use, could result.in substantial increases in the transient population of the immediate vicinity of the site.

The only school located within the 8 km (5 mi) radius of the site is the Dyllis Elementary School located approximately.4 km (2.5 mi) northeast of the site. Grades 1-8 are provided, with total enrollments of 300 projected for 1980 and 1990 (PMC and TVA, 1975).

The Ridge and Valley topography and the large amount of Federally owned lands have severely limited the industrial growth of the immediate surrounding area. The major industrial activities which provide much of the employment in the 8 km (5.mi) area are the DOE and DOE-related nuclear industry facilities'. Two of the facilities located on the DOE ORR, ORNL, and ORGDP are located within 8 km (5 mi) of the site.- ORNL is a research and development installation. ORGDP is currently utilized for research and development on enrichment techniques and short-term waste storage, after being placed on ready standby in the summer of 1985.

Other activities are currently being conducted at-the ORGDP site, including the operation of a new Toxic Substance and Control Act (TSCA) incinerator to destroy uranium-contaminated polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) waste and hazardous organic materials (MMES, 1986a). A concrete batch plant is also under construction at ORGDP that will provide a facility for encapsulation of low-level radioactive waste-bearing materials to 'oe stored until any DOE decisions on disposal alternatives are made (MMES, 1986a).

These activities at ORGDP are indirectly related'to the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF operation in that common power transmission lines, water supply, roads, parking areas, and external plant security are shared. None of the activities such as TSCA incinerator and concrete batch plant are directly related to or dependent upon the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF operations.

The site for the future Boeing Oak Ridge, Tennessee Missile Assembly Site is located in the vicinity of the AlchemIE Facility-I - CPDF (Figure 2-8). It is located on 1,200 acres along the Clinch River below Melton Hill Dam. This new site will be utilized for final assembly and functional testing of missiles prior to de?ivery to the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) (Boeing, 1986).

a '

2-14 i

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i Other industrial activities located within an 8 km (5 mi) radius of AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF include the Clinch River Industrial Park, located 2.5 km (1.5 mi) south of AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF (Figure 2-8). Companies occupying the Clinch River Industrial Park are involved in metal fabrication.and casting, machinery and tool production, hazardous waste management, and various related activities.

j 2.2 Nearby Industrial and Military Activities 2.2.1 Nuclear I

The three major nuclear facilities within a 32 km (20 mi) radius i of the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF. site are the ORGDP, which is contiguous to the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF site on the west and ]

1 north; the Y-12 site, situated 13 km (8 mi) to the northeast; and 1 ORNL situated 6.5 km (4 mi) to the southeast. All three sites are l within the confinas of the ORR (Figure 2-3). The ORGDP, Y-12 j site, and ORNL employ 2,482, 7,130, and 5,204, respectively j (Wyatt, 1987).

ORNL is a large multipurpose research laboratory whose basic mission is to expand knowledge, both basic and applied, in all areas related to energy. To accomplish this mission, ORNL conducts research in all fields of modern science and technology.

ORNL's facilities include nuclear reactors, chemical pilot plants, 6 research laboratories, radioisotope production laboratories, and support facilities (MMES, 1986a).

• Primary mission of the ORGDP was the Untilthesummerof1985,2})Uisotope.

enrichment of UF 6 in the The plant has now been placed in " ready standby" for possible future uranium enrichment.

Other remaining missions include advanced enrichment technique research and development, various analytical laboratory programs, engineering support, computer support, and various waste treatment services (MMES, 19863). Several new waste treatment facilities are now under construction.

The Y-12 Plant, which is immediately adjacent to the City of 0ak Ridge, has five major responsibilities : (1) to produce nuclear weapons components, (2) to process source and special nuclear materials, (3) to provide support to the weapons design labor'atories, (4) to provide support to other Martin Marietta Energy Systems (MMES) installations, and (5) to provide support to other government agencies (MMES, 1986a).- Activities associated with these functions include production of lithium compounds, recovery of enriched uranium from scrap material, and fabrication of uranium and other materials into finished parts and assemblies.

Fabrication operations include vacuum casting, arc salting, powder I compaction, rolling, forming, heat treating, machining, inspection, and testing.

O 2-16 l

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l operations associated with the DOE research and production

() facilities on the ORR give rise to several types of waste materials. Radioactive wastes are generated from nuclear research activities, reactor operations, pilot plant operations involving radioactive materials, isotope separation processes, uranium enrichment, and uranium processing operations. Nonradioactive (including hazardous) wastes are generated by normal industrial-type support facilities and operations that include water ,

demineralizers, air conditioning, cooling towers, acid disposal, sewage plants, and steam plants.

Nonradioactive solid wastes are buried in the Centralized Sanitary Landfill II or in designated burial areas. Hazardous wastes are shipped to approved disposal sites or stored on site. Radioactive solid wastes are buried in disposal sites or placed in retrievable storage units either above or below ground, depending on the type and quantity of radioactive material present and the economic value involved.

Gaseous wastes generally are treated by filtration, electrostatic {

precipitation, and/or chemical scrubbing techniques before they l are released to the atmosphere. I Liquid radioactive wastes are not released but are concentrated and contained in tanks for ultimate disposal. After treatment, process water, which may contain small quantities of radioactive or chemical pollutants, is discharged to White oak Creek, Poplar

{s} Creek, East Fork Poplar Creek, and Bear Creek, which are small tributaries of the Clinch River on the ORR.

The activities at ORGDP are indirectly related to the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF operation in that common power transmission lines, water supply, roads, and parking areas. The other facilities listed are not directly related or dependent upon the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF operations.

2.2.2 Non-Nuclear Non-nuclear industrial activities within 8 km (5 mi) of the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF include the Clinch River Industrial Park and the future Boeing oak Ridge, Tennessee Missile Assembly site (Section 2.1.4).

No known utility or military installations operate within an 8 km (5 mi) radius of the site.

2.3 Meteorology

. 2.3.1 Regional Climatology The climatology of the Oak Ridge area is primarily a result of its topography. The Appalachian Mountain Range on the east and the O

2-17

Cumberland Plateau on the west have a protecting and moderating influence on the climate. As a result, the climate is milder than ,

the more continental climate found just to the west on the Plateau or on the eastern side of the. Smoky Mountains. The prevailing winds follow the topographic trend of the ridges: daytime, up-valley winds.come from the southwest; nighttime, down-valley winds come from the northeast. The Smoky Mountains to the southeast provide shelter, so that severe storms such as tornadoes or high velocity windstorms are rare. Similarly, the mountains divert hot southerly winds that develop along the southern Atlantic coast.

Temperature. In the fall, slow-moving high-pressure cells suppress rain and remain stationary for days, thus providing mild weather. Year-round mean temperatures are about 15'C (58'F), with a January mean of approximately 3.5*C (38'F) and a July mean of approximately 25'c (77'F) (MMES, 1986a). Temperatures above 38'C

(,"00*F) or below -18'C (0*F) occur but are unusual. Low-level temperature inversions occur during approximately 56 percent _of the hourly observations (MMES, 1986a). Table 2-4 summarizes the climatic conditions of the oak Ridge area.

Precipitation. The mean annual precipitation in the Oak Ridge area is.approximately 138.2 cm (54.4 in.) based on 1948 through 1985 precipitation data (NOAA, 1965-1985). Mean annual precipitation ranges from more than 147 cm (58 in.) in the northwest to less than 117 cm (46 in) in the northeast (Rothschild, 1984). Rainfall is at a maximum near the Cumberland Mountain and decreases from northeast to southeast where it reaches a minimum at the foot of the Smoky Mountains.

Precipitation varies annually as shown in Figure 2-10. The period of highest rainfall is the winter months which are characterized by passing storm fronts. Winter storms are usually of low intensity and long duration. Another peak in rainfall occurs in July when short, heavy rain fall associated with thunderstorms is common. The total precipitation in 1985 was 107.7 cm (42.4 in.)

> (MMES, 1986a).

Clear conditions prevail 30 percen't of the time throughout the year; partly cloudy, 25 percent; and cloudy 45 percent. An average of 53 thunderstorms and 40 days of heavy natural fog (upper visibility limit, 0.4 km (0.25 mi.)] occur in a year (Union Carbide, 1979). Annual snowfall averages about 25.5 cm (10 in.)

per year with the maximum recorded snowfall for one year (1959) being 105 cm (41.4 in.) (DOE, 1985). Rain, snow, and fog occurs approximately 127, 3, and 34 days per year, respectively.

2-18 .

1

-____-________-_-0

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f h Table 2-4. Monthly Climatic Summary for the Oak Ridge Area Based on a 20-year Period I

.(Source: NOAA,1965-1985)

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Temperature Precipitation ,

Month Max Min Mean Rain Snow l

'C" *C 'C cm cm I January 9.3 -1.8 3.3 13.5 8.6 February 10.7 -0.8 4.9 13.5 6.6 March 14.8 '2.4 8.6 14.2 3.3 April 21.7 8.3 15.0 11.2 0.03 May 26.2 12.5 19.3 9.1 0.0 June 29.6 17.1 23.3~ 10.2 0.0 July 30.7 19.1 24.9 14.2 0.0 August 30.4 18.4 24.4 9.7 0.0 September 27.5 14.8 21.2 8.4 0.0 October 21.8 8.4 15.2 6.8 1.5 November 14.3 2.2 8.3 10.7 1.3 December 9.3 -0.8 4.3 14.5 6.4 Annual 14.4 135.9 26.2 a.'C=(*F-32)X5/9.

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Source: INE:S, 1986.

2-20

3

() Mind. Examination of the annual wind roses (Figure 2-11 and 2-12) reveals that the prevailing winds are almost equally split into two directions that are 180 degrees apart: one prevailing direction is from the SW to WSW sector and the other prevailing direction is from the NE to ENE sector. The winds are strongly aligned along these directions due-to the channeling affect induced by the ridge and valley structure of the area.

The opposing forces of regional and local winds counteract one another to yield a rather high occurrence of cala periods (23 percent) and the lowest wind-velocity classes (1 to 3 aph, 28 percent; 4 to 7 aph, 26 percent) (Union Carbide, 1979). In fact, the average wind speed for the Oak Ridge area is only 4.4 aph. A major factor in the stability of air movement is the Cumberland Plateau, which diminishes the strength of winter and early-spring storms. As in the case of rainstorms, local irregular ridges further minimize wind impact. The peak gust of record on the reservation is 95 km/hr (59 aph); the probable occurrence rate of gusts of tornadic proportion is only once in every 91,000 years (Thom, 1963). Tornadoes in the southeastern states in the past half century have been of small scale and short path length and have caused only minor damage.

2.3.2 Local Meteorology

() 2.3.2.1 Data Sources No data collection was undertaken specific?lly for this application because the A1ChemIE Facility 1 - CPDF has already established a data collection system through cooperative efforts with DOE. Table 2-5 describes the location and instrumentation of each of the weather stations located in the Oak Ridge, Tennessee area that are designated official U.S. Weather Bureau cooperative offices.

2.3.2.2 Aeolian Parameters Building K-1220 is located within 100 feet of the parking lot, which is the nearest public access point. As a result of the close proximity of the building to the public, no credit will be taken for atmospheric dispersion of gaseous releases from the building.

2.3.2.3 Local Meteroloolcal Measurement Proaram The ORGDP installation has five ambient air monitors (A81-A85) surrounding the plant beyond the boundary fence, as shown in Figure 2-13. These monitors are used to measure ambient uranium concentrations and other parameters of interest. The results from O

2-21

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E LOCA RONS Of AIR WONITORING STA RONS l FluCR/DE (A81-A85) l CONRNUOUS SAMPLER (A90-A97)

RMER OPERATED SAMPLES (24 HOUR SAMPLE TAKEN ON i EWRY 8th DA Y) (A86-A89) l Figure 2-13. Incation Map of Perineter Air Monitorirq Stations Around :

ORGDP. Source: WIS, 1986.

I 2-24 l

the weekly composite samples are evaluated monthly by station for.

Q uranium and other parameters. The AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF operations will not significantly contribute to the affluent volume.

o 2-25

l

)

References Hilsmeier, W.T. " Supplementary Meteorological Data for Oak Ridge". USAEC Report ORO-199. USAEC Oak Ridge Operations. Oak Ridge, Tennessee. March 1963.

Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. (MMES). 1986a.

Environmental Surveillance of the Oak Ridge Reservation and Surrounding Environs During 1985. ORNL-6271. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennes=ee.

Miller, 1974 McMaster, W.M. 1963 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 1965-1985. Local Climatological Data for Oak Ridge, Tennessee. U.S.

Department of Commerce, monthly publication.

Project Management Corporation and Tennessee Valley Authority.

1975. Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Environmental Report.

Docket No. 50-537.

Pruitt, Roy. 1987. Personal Communication on May 7, 1987.

Mayor, City of Oak Ridge, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Rothschild, R.R. 1984. Hydrology. ORNL-6026/V10. Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

State of Tennessee. 1974. Tennessee Statistical Abstract 1974.

Thom, H.C.S. 1963. Tornado Probabilities. Mon. Weather Rev.

(Oct-Dec): 730-36.

i Union Carbide Corporation. 1979. Environmental Assessment of the j Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant Site. DOE /EA-0106. Oak Ridge  !

National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

Union Carbide, 1987 l

l U.S. Department of Commerce. 1983. County and City Data Book.

Bureau of the Census.

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1982. County Level Projections of Economic Activity and Population. Bureau of Economic Analysis.

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). 1985. Environmental Assessmen't for a Monitored Retrievable Storage facility. Vol. 2 of Monitored Retrievable Storage Submission to Congress. DOE /RW-0035.

O 2-26 l

__ __m _m_._m___ . - . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ .

University of Tennessee. 1985. Tennessee Statistical Abstract f" 1985/86. Center'of Business and Economic Research, University of

\ Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.

Wyatt, Steven. 1987. Personal Communication on May 18, 1987.

Public Affairs Specialist, DOE, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

0 1

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2-27 ,

3.0 Facility and Facility Support System Description The AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF includes portions of existing Building K-1220, of the ORGDP, Figure 3-1. The facility was constructed by the DOE for uses similar to those intended by AlchemIE. Table 3-1 lists the applicable codes and standards used in the design and construction of this facility. The Facility and Facility Support Descriptions, Section 3.1 and 3.2, provide a description of the facility areas and related equipment. . Each of these areas and related equipment will be inspected and verified as being in operationally sound condition prior to acceptance by AlchemIE. Since the facility has been used to demonstrate uranium enrichment processes, various levels of uranium contamination are present. A baseline contamination level for each area has been determined and will be discussed.

3.1 Facility Description 3.1.1 Cascade Area The cascade area includes the cascade, feed, withdrawal, control room and emergency generator areas and related equipment. The equipment required includes the cascade per se and all auxiliary systems necessary for centrifuge operation; cranes; drive down carts; diagnostic carts; control room computers, displays, and mass spectrometers; spare components and parts; forklift trucks; back-up power systems; assembly tooling, etc. l 2.1.2 Feed Preparation Area The feed preparation area is located in the north extension of Building X-1220, between the transfer corridor to Building K-1200 and an operational storage area, as shown in Figure 3-1. The area is approximately 80 ft. long, 40 ft. wide, and 27 ft. high and is traversed by a 1-ton underhung bridge crane. Uranium monitors are located in the feed preparation area as an IAEA safeguard. The feed preparation area in Building K-1220 consists of two steam j heated hot-air enclosures and associated equipment and piping to deliver feed at the proper temperature and pressure to the cascade. Equipment in this area is designed to handle feed cylinders up to 40,000 lb. j 3.1.3 Withdrawal Area The withdrawal system is located in the withdrawal area situated on the east side of Building K-1220. The area is approximately 1 120 ft long, 64 ft wide, and 40 ft high and contains a second-floor platform 10 ft above the operating floor, where seven

. withdrawal cold traps are located. All remaining system  !

components are located on the main floor. Uranium monitors are ]

located in the withdrawal areas as an IAEA safeguard. j O

3-1

T'able 3-1.

{} Applicable Codes and Standards Southern Standard Building Code for Type A construction with Group F occupancy.

ERDA Manual Chapter 6301, " General Design Criteria".

UBC, Seismic Requirements American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), " Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings."

American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code 318, " Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete."

ANSI Standard A58.1-1972, " Minimum Design Loadings in Buildings and other Structures, Building Code Requirements 4."

National Electrical Code O

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O' 3.2 Facility Support Systems Description support systems required in the operation of the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF include: Purge and Evacuation (PV/EV) systems, Process control Systems, Machine Cooling Water _ System, and Utilities.

Each of these support systems is in place and will be inspected and verified as operationally sound prior to acceptance by AlchemIE. The following sections describe the Facility Support Systems.

3.2.1 Purge and Evacuation Systems There are three PV/EV systems in Building K-1220: the cascade PV/EV system, the feed area'PV/EV system, and the withdrawal area PV/EV system. The PV/EV systems contain. residual amounts of uranium contamination as a result of the previous UF6 operation.

The PV/EV system piping is estimated to contain 1.0 to 1.5 kg of uranium (See the Appendix). This contamination is not readily transferrable since DOE has produced high purity non-uranium isotopes in facilities similar to CPDF using uranium contaminated systems and has not had a problem with transfer of contamination.

These three systems are discussed below.

3.2.1.1 Cascade PV/EV System A centrifuge must rotate in a vacuum, because even a small amount of air or light gases in the space between the rotor and casing can cause excessive drag on the centrifuge rotor and ultimately result in the destruction of the rotor. The PV/EV systems function to establish an acceptable foreline pre'ssure for the machine diffusion pumps. The evacuation vacuum (EV) system is used to rough-pump to a level of vacuum acceptable for purge vacuum system (PV) operation. Then, as each machine becomes ready, it is valved off the EV system and onto the PV system. l 3.2.1.2 Feed Area PV/EV System A PV/EV system is also provided for each of the two feed stations.

A PV/EV system consists of:

1. A Pressure-Reducing Station (PRS) and manual isolation valves connected between a compressed air header and the feed header downstream of the feed cylinder pigtail; and

2. A vacuum pump, cold trap, chemical traps, and associated valving and instrumentation which function to evacuate air and process gas from the pigtail and to burp the I feed cylinders.

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() 3.2.1.3 Withdrawal Station PV/EV Systems Two separate, but identical, PV/EV systems are in the withdrawal area--one for product withdrawal and the other for tails withdrawal.

The EV system is used to remove light gases whenever a withdrawal cold trap is being burped and to achieve a rough vacuum before j switching to the on-stream PV system. Any discharges into the j vacuum line pass through the EV system which consists of a cold 1 trap, a chemical trap containing alumina, an identical parallel l spare chemical trap, and a vacuum pump which vents the remaining )

light gases'to the atmosphere. The PV system consists of a l chemical trap, an identical spare, and a vacuum pump. This pump l maintains the withdrawal cold trap at an operating pressure between 3 and 20 torr after the EV system has achieved rough vacuum conditions.

A third vacuum pump serves as a spare for either the PV or EV vacuum pump.

3.2.2 Process Control Systems 3.2.2.1 ELQ l l

The Cascade Local computer (CLC) is a small, minicomputer-based )

process control and data acquisition system (DAS). The CLC O monitors and analyzes the Machine Variables Instrument Package (MVIP) alarm and status information, (The MVIP provides the i control and protection functions for the machine and the Machine Drive Package (MDP).) The CLC also initiates automatic cascade isolation actions to protect the cascade from potential cascade-wide failures, and transmits data to and from the control room computer (CRC).

The CLC is controlled by the CRC. The CRC stores the CLC operating system and application programs within its data base and initiates load procedures for the CLC upon operator command. The CRC monitors the status of the CLC, monitors and records machine MVIP alarm status and isolation data, and transmits process and/or purge isolation /de-isolation commands to the CLC for the MVIP's.

3.2.2.2 GCE The Cascade Control Room (CCR) contains the instrumentation for remote monitoring and control of the AlchemIE process. The CCR information is displayed to allow the operator to quickly analyze l

situations as they develop and take action where necessary. The ]

CCR operator can manually control the process from the CCR and can '

communicate with the local operators in the operating areas.

The CCR consists of three major areas: the cascade computer area,

(}) the cascade control area, and the assay area.

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The CCR monitors the following~ safety parameters:

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o Feed cylinder pressure o Cascade feed valve position.

The CCR alarms the following safety-related conditions:

o Machine drive bus overfrequency (potential' overspeed) alarm o Feed enclosures or feed area UF6 detectors o Feed header block valve. position o High feed enclosure temperature o High feed cylinder temperature o High or low feed cylinder pressure o Withdrawal area UF6 detectors o High withdrawal cylinder weight o High cold trap temperature and pressure o Product and tails valve positions.

I 3.2.2.3 Assav Area' Instrumentation The assay area includes minicomputer-controlled mass spectrometers for monitoring the isotopic concentration of. samples from the product and tails headers. The mass spectrometers provide local readout and control over the assay function and transmit assay data to the CRC. .The Product Lignt Gas Analyzer (PLGA) monitors Q. the product contaminants and transmits contaminant data to the j

CRC. This system provides automatic monitoring capabilities. In some cases, i.e., for isotopes being produced in small quantities, isotopic analysis may be done in the cascade area.

3.2.3 McW System The Machine cooling Water (MCW) system is a closed. loop system which provides cooling water for all centrifuge machines in the facility. The cooling water is used to cool the machine lower suspension assembly (LSA) and diffusion pump and for the casing trace cooler.

3.2.4 Utility Systems 3.2.4.1 Electric Power System i The electric power system provides electric power from the K-27 switchyard to all facility loads. To accomplish this, the electric power system performs the following: .

1. Provides normal electric power to all facility loads.

2. Provides separate electric power to the centrifuge machine drives. i

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3. Provides emergency power to required important loads in the event of loss of normal power.

3.2.4.2 Water Systems The AlChemIE Isotope Separation System is supplied with water for process and sanitary purposes from the ORGDP main plant services.

3.2.4.3 Fire Protection System The fire protection system includes wet-pipe and pre-action sprinkler systems, manual pull boxes, a smoke detector system, and portable fire extinguishers. Three risers service the fire protection system, including the north riser, the east riser, and the west riser. Fire detection alarms are provided for personnel evacuation and ORGDP central fire system notification. Built-in monitoring of critical system functions provides assurance that the system will operate as required.

3.2.4.4 Comoressed Air System The compressed air system includes a normal plant air subsystem, an instrument reference pressure subsystem, and an emergency air subsystem. Compressed air from the normal ORGDP plant air subsystem is used for process operations and, after filtering, for instrumentation.

O The instrument (air) reference pressure subsystem is used to operate Back Pressure Control Valves (EPCVs) in the stage tails lines, thereby providing stage-by-stage inventory control for the cascade. The emergency air subsystem consists of an air compressor package, filters, and dryers.

3.2.4.5 Steam Sucoly and Distribution System Steam is supplied from the ORGDP main steam plant supply. Steam is used for general building heating and as a heat source to the feed enclosures and the hot brine heat exchanger.

3.2.4.6 Nitrocen System Nitrogen gas is provided from the ORGDP at a rate of 110 scfm at a nominal pressure of 40 psig to Building K-1220. Nitrogen is supplied to the following systems:

o MCW System Surge Tank o Withdrawal System - Product and tails cylinders, vacuum pump cold traps o Pressure Indicators o Pressure Control Valves o Cascade Area (normally closed) o Storage Area (normally closed) 3-7 l

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i 3.3 i Central Plant Services Q The AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF described in this document requires -

the support of the various ORGDP Central Plant Services (or support from other sources) summariz.ed in the following sections.

3.3.1 Medical Medical services at and from the ORGDP Medical Center provide on-site emergency and other special medical services.

3.3.2 Emergency Crew The ORGDP emergency crew provides fast response to emergency i situations. I 3.3.3 Fire Protection The ORGDP Fire Department provides fast response and periodic-inspections.

3.3.4 Equipment Disposal The ORGDP burial ground or incinerator, will provide the disposal of equipment previously contaminated with uranium or classified, as well as unclassified contaminated equipment. Safe, approved O- disposal of other waste materials such as uncontaminated piping, valves, electronic parts, etc. will also be provided by ORGDP.

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(} 4.0 Process System Description The only purpose of the AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF is for the production of enriched stable isotopes of non-uranium elements.

The gas centrifuge can be used to separate isotopes of an element -

because of the difference in isotope mass that results from having a different number of neutrons in the nucleus. Theoretically, the gas centrifuge can enrich any gaseous element or compound. The most favorable feed stock materials are monotonic gaseous elements such as Xenon and Krypton. Many fluorinated compounds work well because they are gaseous; fluorine itself has only one isotope and therefore plays no part in the enrichment. Other useful materials are certain organometallic compounds.

Isotopes of Xe, Kr, and Te will be produced for medical and research applications. Enriched rarcury will be produced for the fluorescent lighting industry. Other market / isotope possibilities will be explored. Other possibilities include chlorine for pesticide tagging. The following sections provide a characterization of the isotopes to be processed and a description of the process systems.

4.1 Isotope Characteristics More than 25 elements are available that may be isotopically enriched by gas centrifuge. The r 'sent isotope market is small O due to limited availability and h a cost. As the availability of large quantities of isotopes at reasonable cost becomes a reality, the market for isotopes will grow. Table 4-1 summarizes the important characteristics of those isotopes deemed immediately marketable by AlChemIE. As many as ten different compounds may be processed concurrently.

4.2 Isotope Enrichment Process Systems The isotope enrichment process systems include the following:

1. The feed system, which supplies gaseous non-uranium elements or compounds to the centrifuge machines.

2. The enrichment orocess systems, which perform isotopic separation to obtain the desired enrichment of various isotopes (or elements or compounds).

3. The withdrawal system, which collects the cascade product and transfers the product to shipping -

containers.

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(l 4.2.1 Feed System The feed system provides elements or compounds to the cascade at the J required pressure (less than atmospheric) and flow rate. The temperatures, pressures, and flow rates will vary according to the feed. Feed preparation may involve heating of some of the feed stocks .

in the preparation area hot-air enclosures; other feed stocks may only  !

require the use of the portable feed cart. Each element or compound I will be handled according to standard operational procedures.

4.2.2 Enrichment Process Systems 4.2.2.1 Cascade Process System The enrichment process systems perform isotopic separations to provide isotopes at the desired enrichment and flow rate. Centrifuge machines with their associated machine controls and drives including the MVIp, MDP, machine piping and valves, and process piping and valves are arranged in cascades according to the separation desired.

The centrifuge machines are connected to service modules containing process and service piping, valves, electrical distribution, cables and controls, instrumentation, HVAC ducting, and electrical instrumentation trays. The service modules are shown in Figure 4-1. Six large service

/' modules capable of supporting 20 machines each are in the cascade area.

(>) The service modules may be connected in series to form the header system for a 120 centrifuge cascade, or the machines may be connected in smaller cascades. The cascade piping will be reconfigure as required to service the various enrichment processes.

The cascade can operate in the following modes: throughput, recycle, stage dump, fill, pumpdown, and header fill. Cascade operating mode selection can be made from the cascade control panel in the CCR and also by selected ccmmands from computer terminals in the cascade area.

As discussed in the Appendix, uranium contamination is limited to the cascade process area. Each machine is estimated to contain 95 1 32 grams of uranium, for a total of 9.9 kg of uranium in the cascade process piping. The uranium assay varies from 2.2 1 0.1% to 3.7 1 0.1%

with the preponderance of the uranium being 2.88 i 0.1%. DOE has utilized facilities similar to CPDF to produce high purity non-uranium isotopes in the interior subsequent to the uranium enrichment program cancellation and has not had a problem with transfer of uranium contamination. Figure 4-14.

2.2.2 Machine Description The centrifuge is a counter-current gas centrifuge in which an axial circulation of the process gas is induced to produce a large end-to-end O 4-7

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4-8

l separation effect. The counter-current flow.is induced by the presence

'. of the stationary bottom scoop and is aided by an axial temperature.

gradient.- Heat is produced within the rotor by the interaction.of the rotating gas and stationary product and waste scoops at the top'and bottom of the rotor, respectively. Since the exterior of'the rotor is a vacuum, the heat will be transported to the outer casing by radiation. By incorporating a reflective radiation shield between the rotor and casing in the lower section of the centrifuge, an axial temperature gradient in the rotor wall is induced. The high angular velocity of gas induced by the rotor and the axial countercurrent flow result in the separation of the isotopes. The centrifuge machine performs the actual isotopic separation in the cascade. To perform its separative function, the machine requires support from the MVIP and the MDP.

The MVIP provides the control and protection functions for the machine and the MDP. The MVIP will also transmit a 8-bit word to the CCR via the CLC on the status of the machine and any alarm conditions.

The MDP converts 208-VAC, 3-$, 60-Hz electrical power from the electric power system into a nominal 208-VAC, 3-$, variable-frequency power source for the machine motor. The basis for the power frequency supplied to the motor is the Master Control Unit (MCU) frequency that is transmitted from the CCR through the MVIP. The power output to the motor is proportional to the frequency of the MCU. No direct operator control of the MDP is available at the MDP box.

Machine operating modes include gas throughput, recycle, isolate, dump, fill, pump down, and header fill. Valving operations involving a single machine are accomplished at that machine and are controlled automatically by the MVIP or manually via block valves.

]

The centrifuge speed is controlled at the design operating speed by the MCU. Control devices prevent overspending. AlChemIE will operate the centrifuges nominally at the design speed for the separation of stable isotopes.

Several machine modifications are required for the proposed i separations. First, the position of the tails and product scoops will vary according to the isotopes being separated. Second, water tracing used to cool the centrifuge during UF6 processing may be used to heat the centrifuge for processing some non-uranium isotopes.  ;

4.2.3 Withdrawal System j The withdrawal system receives, cools, and collects product and tails )

from the cascade. Isotopes from the cascade (s) are cooled in the cold 1 traps which have been chilled to -100*F by cold brine. Any gases not )

condensed in the cold traps are processed through chemical traps and vacuum pumps before being exhausted to the atmosphere.

O 4-9 i

i The product is transferred to product shipping containers. The tails are similarly cooled and transferred to tails shipping containers. The temperature of the cold traps is controlled by the brine system and ranges from -100*F to 180*F. Portable cold traps may be used for the withdrawal of product and tails for some isotopes produced in small quantities.

4.3 Sampling Systems Sampling systems are provided in the AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF to assure product purity, to control the release of hazardous or toxic materials, and to protect equipment integrity. Sampling systems include equipment such as:

o mass spectrometers o sample carts and related equipment o leak detectors, helium and halogen types o salt carts o residual gas analyzers o product light gas analyzers Analytical services required for sampling include:

o isotopic o chemical o metallurgical Because the enrichment facility has been previously used for the processing of uranium, all products and tails are sampled for uranium contamination.

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5.0 Waste Management O Some radioactive contaminated waste generated by the opert. tion of the AlchemIE Facility I - CPDF will be the result of wrecked centrifuge machines. These wastes, which are also classified, will be packaged in sealed plastic bags and will be disposed of as classified waste in the DOE-owned classified burial ground at the ORGDP. Additional radioactive contaminated waste will arise from removal or rework of contaminated waste will arise from removal or rework of contaminated piping, valves, and cold traps and other process equipment. A small amount of this contaminated material will be classified and will be disposed of accordingly. The remainder will be packaged in plastic and disposed of as contaminated waste in the DOE-owned contaminated equipment burial ground.

O O

5-1

-s 6.0 Accident Analysis '

I )

U# The purpose of this accident analysis is to evaluate the effect of accidents involving radiological materials upon the plant populace and the public. As discussed in Section 4, the AlChemIE Facility I - CPDF will process only stable isotopes; thus, the only radiological hazards posed by the facility would result from a ,'

release of the residual contamination in the centrifuge machines and the process piping or from a nuclear criticality incident.

6.1 Uranium Release The likelihood of a uranium release is mitigated by the facts that

1) the process normally operates under high vacuum conditions; therefore, given a breach in the vacuum containment, there would not be a source to readily expel the uranium bearing material into the operating environment; 2) operations at CPDF with materials )

other than uranium indicate that the residual uranium contamination is not readily transferrable so that, given a breach in the vacuum containment, only a fraction of the residual uranium would be available to be released.

The bounding accident postulated for purposes of this safety analysis is judged to be rupture of the cascade process piping as a result of a postulated catastrophic failure of the crane lifting fixture impinging on the service module. As discussed in Section 4.2.2.1, a total of 9.9 kg of uranium is estimated to be distributed throughout the process piping for the original 120 machine cascade.

Taking into consideration the mitigating features of the process discussed above, a conservative assumption is that 0.1% or 9.9 g of uranium were released to the operating environment as a result of the postulated accident.

The primary mechanism for the operator to be exposed to the released uranium is by inhalation. Thus, assuming 1) that an operator were standing at the breach site, which is highly unlikely, and were to inhale 0.1% of the amount of U released and 2

U}3 ghat

, thethe average dose resulting assaytoofthe the bone relaased uranium (Dunning, would 1979) be 2.9%

would be (9.9 x 10-3 gU)(0.029 gU235) (2.144 x 10-6 Ci )(15 x 10-6 rem) gU 235 Ci gU

= 9.2 x 10-12 mrem which is orders of magnitude beneath the allowable limits for both public and occupational exposure.

,o 6-1

61nce the occupational dose is well within allowable limits, calculation of a resulting. dose to the public is not necessary

(]) because the resulting exposure would also be within allow'chle ]

limits.

i Therefore, release of uranium material as a result of postulated breaches of the vacuum containment do not result in unacceptably ,

high radiological exposures to either the public or operating l personnel.

6.2 Nuclear Criticality As discussed in Section 4.2.2.1, it is estimated that each machine contains 95 1 32 g of U at an average assay of 2.9%. This amount of uranium is insufficient to form a critical mass under the most optimum conditions of full moduation and reflection (Paxton, 1986). Therefore, nuclear criticality in a centrifuge is not a credible event.

The amount of U in the process piping is estimated to be 9.9 kg of approximately 3.9% enriched material. Again, this amount of material is insufficient to form a critical mass under conceivable accident conditions since there is no credible mechanism to form a spherical, fully moderated and fully reflected configuration (Paxton, 1986).

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6-2

References (Dunning, 1979) Dunning, D. E. , Jr. , et al. , " Estimates of Internal Dose Equivalents to 22 Target Organs for Radionuclides occurring in Routine Releases from Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities",

Washington: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CRO150, Vol. 2, October 1979.

(Paxton,1986) Paxton'255 . ggg N.L. Prg3gst, " Critical Dimensions of Systems Containing U, Pu, and U, 1986 Revision," IA-10860-MS, Los Alamos, N.M.: Los Alamos National Laboratory, July 1987.

1

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6-3 1 - --------_ _ _ a

7.0 Conduct of Operations The organizational structure, training programs, and decommissioning activities are discussed in this section.

7.1 Organization Structure The organization chart for AlChemIE is shown in Figure 7-1.

Responsibility for .fDF operations fall under the Director of Production and Start-Up. Four rotating shifts will provide 24--

hour coverage in addition to the day shift. Each shift will consist of a team of three people. In addition,-three leaders / engineers and four members will be on the day shift. The team members are capable of operating and maintaining the enrichment process and all auxiliary systems under the leadership of a team leader.

7.2 Treining Program The training program will cover the specific technologies, systems, operating and maintenance procedures, and work practices with emphasis on safety to personnel and equipment, quality assurance, and work disciplines.

Work disciplines include meticulously following directions; following procedures; performing all required inspections and checks; keeping understandable, complete records; informing the team members of any unusual event or potential undesirable event; being alert to and responding properly to alarms; and maintaining security of classified information.

The training course items will include:

General description of the process Vocabulary Units and conversion factors Materials Process gases physical and chemical properties and toxicity Vacuum technology, practices, leak testing Data logging and log book entries Reading instruments, video monitors, alarms Responses to alarms and unusual events Centrifuge design and operations Centrifuge assembly and disassembly Centrifuge balancing Centrifuge transport and installation, operation of cranes Testing of centrifuges, mechanical and separation component parts disassembly, repair, and reassembly Component cleaning Safety including job safety analysis Quality assurance Potential problem analysis

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7-1

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AICb;mIE MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE - CURRENT  !

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

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f TECliNICAL ADVISORY BOARD OFFICE Ten Member MANAGER

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CHIEF EXECUTIVE l

---

0FFICER l

I DIRECTOR OF ADMINISTRATIVE O -- Assistint TECilNICAL DIRECTOR OF DIRECTOR OF DIREC1DR OF DIRECTOR MARKETING OPERATIONS PRODUCTION START-UP 4

I

-Technical -Marketing / -Legal Contracts -Production j

-Development Sales -Personnel -Maintenance ]

-Analytical -Finance -Design

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Figure 7-1. A1ChernIE Organizational Structure

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)

Feed and withdrawal system operation Operation of cascade Security and classification requirements and procedures.

Hands-on operation of the various subsystems: vacuum system, -

feed system, purge system, withdrawal system, cascade,  ;

machine assembly and disassembly, balancing, and 1 inspection and repair of components.

I 7.3 Decommissioning j AlchemIE is leasing the CPDF from the Department of Energy. Upon completion of operations, AlChemIE will turn over all facilities to DOE for subsequent decommissioning. j a

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7-3 1