ML19227A258

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Official Exhibit - NRC-009A-MA-CM01 - Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application, Rev. 2 - Part 3, Environmental Report (Jan. 18, 2019) (Beginning to Page 3.9-3)
ML19227A258
Person / Time
Site: Clinch River
Issue date: 08/07/2019
From:
NRC/OGC
To:
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
SECY RAS
References
52-047-ESP, ASLBP 17-954-01-ESP-BD02, RAS 55139
Download: ML19227A258 (900)
v • d • e


Text

United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Official Hearing Exhibit In the Matter of: TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY (Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application)

Commission Mandatory Hearing Docket #: 05200047 Exhibit #: NRC-009A-MA-CM01 Identified: 8/14/2019 Admitted: 8/14/2019 Withdrawn:

Rejected: Stricken:

Other:

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION In the Matter of TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY Docket No. 52-047-ESP (Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application)

Hearing Exhibit Exhibit Number: NRC-009A Exhibit

Title:

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application, Rev. 2 -

Part 3, Environmental Report (Jan. 18, 2019) (beginning to page 3.9-3).

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application PART 3 Environmental Report Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT.................................... 1-1 1.1 THE PROPOSED ACTION ............................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.1 Purpose and Need ............................................................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 Proposed Project .............................................................................................. 1-3 1.1.2.1 The Applicant and Owner .................................................................. 1-3 1.1.2.2 Site Location ...................................................................................... 1-4 1.1.2.3 Reactor Information ........................................................................... 1-4 1.1.2.4 Cooling System Information ............................................................... 1-4 1.1.2.5 Transmission System Information ...................................................... 1-4 1.1.2.6 Preapplication Public Involvement ..................................................... 1-5 1.1.2.7 Construction Start Date ...................................................................... 1-5 1.2 STATUS OF REVIEWS, APPROVALS AND CONSULTATIONS.................................. 1-5 1.2.1 ESP Issuance ................................................................................................... 1-6 1.2.2 Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities ................................... 1-7 1.3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................... 1-7

1.4 REFERENCES

............................................................................................................... 1-7 CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 2.0-1 2.1 SITE LOCATION ......................................................................................................... 2.1-1 2.1.1 References..................................................................................................... 2.1-2 2.2 LAND ........................................................................................................................... 2.2-1 2.2.1 The Site and Vicinity ...................................................................................... 2.2-1 2.2.1.1 The Site........................................................................................... 2.2-1 2.2.1.2 The Site Vicinity .............................................................................. 2.2-4 2.2.2 The Region .................................................................................................... 2.2-6 2.2.3 Transmission Corridors and Offsite Areas ..................................................... 2.2-7 2.2.4 References..................................................................................................... 2.2-9 2.3 WATER .................................................................................................................... 2.3.1-1 2.3.1 Hydrology .................................................................................................... 2.3.1-1 2.3.1.1 Surface Water .............................................................................. 2.3.1-1 2.3.1.2 Groundwater .............................................................................. 2.3.1-13 2.3.1.3 References................................................................................. 2.3.1-34 2.3.2 Water Use ................................................................................................... 2.3.2-1 2.3.2.1 Surface Water .............................................................................. 2.3.2-1 2.3.2.2 Groundwater Use ......................................................................... 2.3.2-3 2.3.2.3 References................................................................................... 2.3.2-7 2.3.3 Water Quality .............................................................................................. 2.3.3-1 2.3.3.1 Surface Water .............................................................................. 2.3.3-1 i Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 2.3.3.2 Groundwater ................................................................................ 2.3.3-9 2.3.3.3 References................................................................................. 2.3.3-13 Appendix 2.3-A Oak Ridge Reservation Selected Bedrock Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results ........................................................... 2.3-A-1 Appendix 2.3-B Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Packer Test Results ........................................................................................ 2.3-B-1 Appendix 2.3-C Vertical Hydraulic Gradients .............................................. 2.3-C-1 Appendix 2.3-D Detailed Analytes Table ..................................................... 2.3-D-1 2.4 ECOLOGY ............................................................................................................... 2.4.1-1 2.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology ....................................................................... 2.4.1-1 2.4.1.1 Upland Habitats ........................................................................... 2.4.1-1 2.4.1.2 Wetland Habitats.......................................................................... 2.4.1-5 2.4.1.3 Important Terrestrial Habitats .................................................... 2.4.1-10 2.4.1.4 Wildlife ....................................................................................... 2.4.1-13 2.4.1.5 Important Terrestrial Species ..................................................... 2.4.1-17 2.4.1.6 Transmission Corridor Habitats and Species ............................. 2.4.1-26 2.4.1.7 References................................................................................. 2.4.1-27 2.4.2 Aquatic Ecology .......................................................................................... 2.4.2-1 2.4.2.1 Aquatic Habitats ........................................................................... 2.4.2-1 2.4.2.2 Important Aquatic Habitats......................................................... 2.4.2-21 2.4.2.3 Important Aquatic Species ......................................................... 2.4.2-21 2.4.2.4 References................................................................................. 2.4.2-31 2.5 SOCIOECONOMICS ............................................................................................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1 Demography ............................................................................................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1.1 Population Data by Sector ........................................................... 2.5.1-1 2.5.1.2 Population Data by Political Jurisdiction ...................................... 2.5.1-2 2.5.1.3 Transient Population .................................................................... 2.5.1-3 2.5.1.4 Total Permanent and Transient Populations ................................ 2.5.1-5 2.5.1.5 Population Density ....................................................................... 2.5.1-6 2.5.1.6 References................................................................................... 2.5.1-6 2.5.2 Community Characteristics ......................................................................... 2.5.2-1 2.5.2.1 Economy ...................................................................................... 2.5.2-1 2.5.2.2 Transportation .............................................................................. 2.5.2-3 2.5.2.3 Taxes ........................................................................................... 2.5.2-8 2.5.2.4 Land Use.................................................................................... 2.5.2-10 2.5.2.5 Aesthetics and Recreation ......................................................... 2.5.2-12 2.5.2.6 Housing ...................................................................................... 2.5.2-16 2.5.2.7 Community Infrastructure and Public Services .......................... 2.5.2-19 2.5.2.8 Education ................................................................................... 2.5.2-25 ii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 2.5.2.9 References................................................................................. 2.5.2-27 2.5.3 Historic Properties ....................................................................................... 2.5.3-1 2.5.3.1 Cultural Resource Surveys .......................................................... 2.5.3-2 2.5.3.2 Consultations with the State Historic Preservation Office and Native American Tribes................................................................ 2.5.3-7 2.5.3.3 Prehistoric Archaeological Sites .................................................. 2.5.3-8 2.5.3.4 Multicomponent Archaeological Sites .......................................... 2.5.3-9 2.5.3.5 Historic Archeological Sites ....................................................... 2.5.3-10 2.5.3.6 Caves ......................................................................................... 2.5.3-12 2.5.3.7 Historic Sites .............................................................................. 2.5.3-12 2.5.3.8 National Historic Parks ............................................................... 2.5.3-25 2.5.3.9 Historic Cemeteries .................................................................... 2.5.3-26 2.5.3.10 Traditional Cultural Properties ................................................... 2.5.3-26 2.5.3.11 References................................................................................. 2.5.3-26 2.5.4 Environmental Justice ................................................................................. 2.5.4-1 2.5.4.1 Methodology ................................................................................ 2.5.4-1 2.5.4.2 Minority Populations..................................................................... 2.5.4-2 2.5.4.3 Low-Income Populations.............................................................. 2.5.4-4 2.5.4.4 Communities with Unique Characteristics ................................... 2.5.4-5 2.5.4.5 Migrant Populations ..................................................................... 2.5.4-8 2.5.4.6 References................................................................................... 2.5.4-9 2.6 GEOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 2.6-1 2.6.1 Geological Conditions .................................................................................... 2.6-1 2.6.1.1 Physiography .................................................................................. 2.6-1 2.6.1.2 Stratigraphy..................................................................................... 2.6-2 2.6.1.3 Structural Geology .......................................................................... 2.6-2 2.6.2 References..................................................................................................... 2.6-3 2.7 METEOROLOGY AND AIR QUALITY ..................................................................... 2.7.1-1 2.7.1 Regional Climatology .................................................................................. 2.7.1-1 2.7.1.1 Data Sources ............................................................................... 2.7.1-1 2.7.1.2 Tennessee Climate Description ................................................... 2.7.1-1 2.7.1.3 CRN Site Regional Climate .......................................................... 2.7.1-3 2.7.1.4 References................................................................................... 2.7.1-6 2.7.2 Regional Air Quality .................................................................................... 2.7.2-1 2.7.2.1 Background Air Quality ................................................................ 2.7.2-1 2.7.2.2 Projected Air Quality .................................................................... 2.7.2-2 2.7.2.3 Restrictive Dispersion Conditions ................................................ 2.7.2-2 iii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 2.7.2.4 References................................................................................... 2.7.2-3 2.7.3 Severe Weather .......................................................................................... 2.7.3-1 2.7.3.1 Thunderstorms, Hail and Lightning .............................................. 2.7.3-1 2.7.3.2 Extreme Winds............................................................................. 2.7.3-1 2.7.3.3 Tornadoes .................................................................................... 2.7.3-2 2.7.3.4 Winter Storms .............................................................................. 2.7.3-3 2.7.3.5 Tropical Cyclones ........................................................................ 2.7.3-4 2.7.3.6 Droughts ...................................................................................... 2.7.3-4 2.7.3.7 Heavy Fog.................................................................................... 2.7.3-4 2.7.3.8 References................................................................................... 2.7.3-4 2.7.4 Local Meteorology....................................................................................... 2.7.4-1 2.7.4.1 Normal, Mean, and Extreme Values ............................................ 2.7.4-1 2.7.4.2 Topographic Description and Potential Modifications .................. 2.7.4-7 2.7.4.3 Potential Influence of Plant and its Facilities on Local Air Meteorology ................................................................................. 2.7.4-8 2.7.4.4 Global Climate Change ................................................................ 2.7.4-8 2.7.4.5 References................................................................................. 2.7.4-10 2.7.5 Short-Term Diffusion Estimates .................................................................. 2.7.5-1 2.7.5.1 Purpose and Background ............................................................ 2.7.5-1 2.7.5.2 Calculation Methodology and Assumptions ................................. 2.7.5-1 2.7.5.3 Results and Conclusions ............................................................. 2.7.5-5 2.7.6 Long-Term (Routine) Diffusion Estimates ................................................... 2.7.6-1 2.7.6.1 Calculation Methodology and Assumptions ................................. 2.7.6-1 2.7.6.2 Complex Terrain Modeling Analysis ............................................ 2.7.6-3 2.7.6.3 Summary of XOQDOQ Results and Conclusions ........................ 2.7.6-5 2.7.6.4 References................................................................................... 2.7.6-6 2.8 NOISE ......................................................................................................................... 2.8-1 2.8.1 References..................................................................................................... 2.8-3 2.9 RELATED FEDERAL PROJECT ACTIVITIES ............................................................ 2.9-1 2.9.1 TN 58/Bear Creek Road Modifications .......................................................... 2.9-1 2.9.2 Barge Terminal Refurbishment ...................................................................... 2.9-2 2.9.3 69 kV Underground Transmission Line .......................................................... 2.9-2 2.9.4 Summary........................................................................................................ 2.9-2 2.9.5 References..................................................................................................... 2.9-3 CHAPTER 3 PLANT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................... 3.0-1 3.1 EXTERNAL APPEARANCE AND PLANT LAYOUT ................................................... 3.1-1 3.1.1 Site Description .............................................................................................. 3.1-1 3.1.2 Power Plant Description................................................................................. 3.1-1 iv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 3.1.3 References..................................................................................................... 3.1-3 3.2 REACTOR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM ........................................................... 3.2-1 3.2.1 Reactor Description ....................................................................................... 3.2-1 3.2.2 Engineered Safety Features .......................................................................... 3.2-2 3.2.3 Power Conversion Systems ........................................................................... 3.2-2 3.3 PLANT WATER USE .................................................................................................. 3.3-1 3.3.1 Water Consumption ....................................................................................... 3.3-1 3.3.2 Water Treatment ............................................................................................ 3.3-2 3.3.3 References..................................................................................................... 3.3-2 3.4 COOLING SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 3.4-1 3.4.1 Description and Operational Modes ............................................................... 3.4-1 3.4.1.1 System Description ......................................................................... 3.4-1 3.4.1.2 Operational Modes.......................................................................... 3.4-1 3.4.1.3 Heat Generated, Dissipated to the Atmosphere, and Released in Liquid Discharges ........................................................................ 3.4-1 3.4.1.4 Water Source and Quantities of Water Withdrawn, Consumed, and Discharged ............................................................................... 3.4-2 3.4.2 Component Descriptions................................................................................ 3.4-2 3.4.2.1 Intake System ................................................................................. 3.4-2 3.4.2.2 Holding Pond .................................................................................. 3.4-3 3.4.2.3 Discharge ........................................................................................ 3.4-4 3.4.2.4 Heat Dissipation .............................................................................. 3.4-4 3.4.2.5 Bypass Flow.................................................................................... 3.4-4 3.4.3 References..................................................................................................... 3.4-5 3.5 RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.................................................... 3.5-1 3.5.1 Liquid Waste Management Subsystem ......................................................... 3.5-1 3.5.2 Gaseous Radioactive Waste Management Subsystem ................................. 3.5-2 3.5.3 Solid Radioactive Waste Management Subsystem ....................................... 3.5-2 3.6 NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTE SYSTEM ..................................................................... 3.6-1 3.6.1 Effluents Containing Chemicals or Biocides .................................................. 3.6-1 3.6.2 Sanitary System Effluents .............................................................................. 3.6-1 3.6.3 Other Effluents ............................................................................................... 3.6-2 3.6.3.1 Gaseous Effluents ........................................................................... 3.6-2 3.6.3.2 Liquid Effluents ............................................................................... 3.6-2 3.6.3.3 Solid Effluents ................................................................................. 3.6-3 3.6.4 References..................................................................................................... 3.6-4 3.7 POWER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM .......................................................................... 3.7-1 v Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 3.7.1 Transmission System ..................................................................................... 3.7-1 3.7.2 Transmission Line Corridors .......................................................................... 3.7-2 3.7.3 Transmission System Design Parameters ..................................................... 3.7-3 3.7.3.1 500-kV Switchyard and 161-kV Switchyard .................................... 3.7-3 3.7.3.2 500-kV Structures and Conductors ................................................. 3.7-3 3.7.3.3 161-kV Structures and Conductors ................................................. 3.7-3 3.7.3.4 Underground 69-kV Line ................................................................. 3.7-4 3.7.3.5 General Methods of Construction Switchyard ................................. 3.7-4 3.7.3.6 Transmission Line Tie-Ins and Relocation of the 161-kV Transmission Line ........................................................................... 3.7-5 3.7.3.7 69-kV Underground Transmission Line .......................................... 3.7-6 3.7.3.8 Description of Various Uprating Activities ....................................... 3.7-6 3.7.4 Predicted Noise Levels from Transmission System Operations .................... 3.7-9 3.7.5 References..................................................................................................... 3.7-9 3.8 TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS .............................................. 3.8-1 3.8.1 Transportation of Unirradiated Fuel ............................................................... 3.8-1 3.8.2 Transportation of Irradiated Fuel .................................................................... 3.8-1 3.8.3 Transportation of Radioactive Waste ............................................................. 3.8-2 3.9 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ................................................................................... 3.9-1 3.9.1 Construction Schedule ................................................................................... 3.9-1 3.9.2 Preconstruction Activities ............................................................................... 3.9-2 3.9.2.1 Clearing, Grubbing, and Spoils Management ................................. 3.9-2 3.9.2.2 Connection to Existing Power Transmission Corridor ..................... 3.9-2 3.9.2.3 Access Road ................................................................................... 3.9-3 3.9.2.4 Rail Siding and Barge Facility Improvements ................................. 3.9-3 3.9.2.5 Preconstruction Security ................................................................. 3.9-3 3.9.2.6 Temporary Construction Utilities ..................................................... 3.9-4 3.9.2.7 Temporary Construction Facilities .................................................. 3.9-4 3.9.2.8 Power Block Earthwork (Excavation) .............................................. 3.9-4 3.9.2.9 Cooling Towers and Makeup Water Supply Pipelines .................... 3.9-5 3.9.2.10 Potable Water Pipelines .................................................................. 3.9-5 3.9.2.11 Dredging ......................................................................................... 3.9-6 3.9.3 Construction Activities .................................................................................... 3.9-6 3.9.3.1 Reactor Service Building ................................................................. 3.9-6 3.9.3.2 Radwaste Building .......................................................................... 3.9-7 3.9.3.3 Turbine Building .............................................................................. 3.9-7 3.9.3.4 Other Facilities ................................................................................ 3.9-7 3.9.4 Construction Equipment ................................................................................. 3.9-8 3.9.5 Construction Traffic and Scheduling .............................................................. 3.9-8 vi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 3.9.6 Noise .............................................................................................................. 3.9-9 3.9.7 References..................................................................................................... 3.9-9 3.10 WORKFORCE CHARACTERIZATION ..................................................................... 3.10-1 3.10.1 Construction Workforce Characterization .................................................... 3.10-1 3.10.1.1 Preconstruction Activities Workforce ............................................ 3.10-1 3.10.1.2 Construction Activities Workforce ................................................. 3.10-1 3.10.2 Construction Worker Relocation and Commuting ........................................ 3.10-2 3.10.3 Operations Workforce .................................................................................. 3.10-3 3.10.4 Peak Overlap Workforce .............................................................................. 3.10-3 3.10.5 References................................................................................................... 3.10-4 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION ...................................... 4.0-1 4.1 LAND USE IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 4.1-1 4.1.1 The Site and Vicinity ...................................................................................... 4.1-1 4.1.1.1 The Site........................................................................................... 4.1-1 4.1.1.2 The Vicinity ..................................................................................... 4.1-4 4.1.2 Transmission Corridors and Offsite Areas ..................................................... 4.1-5 4.1.3 Historic Properties .......................................................................................... 4.1-6 4.1.3.1 Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites ............................... 4.1-10 4.1.3.2 Historic Structures ......................................................................... 4.1-11 4.1.3.3 Cemeteries.................................................................................... 4.1-11 4.1.3.4 Traditional Cultural Properties ...................................................... 4.1-11 4.1.4 References................................................................................................... 4.1-12 4.2 WATER-RELATED IMPACTS .................................................................................... 4.2-1 4.2.1 Hydrological Alterations ................................................................................. 4.2-1 4.2.1.1 Surface Water ................................................................................. 4.2-2 4.2.1.2 Groundwater ................................................................................... 4.2-4 4.2.2 Water-Use Impacts ........................................................................................ 4.2-4 4.2.2.1 Surface Water ................................................................................. 4.2-4 4.2.2.2 Groundwater ................................................................................... 4.2-5 4.2.3 Water Quality Impacts .................................................................................... 4.2-5 4.2.3.1 Surface Water ................................................................................. 4.2-5 4.2.3.2 Groundwater ................................................................................... 4.2-6 4.2.4 References..................................................................................................... 4.2-7 4.3 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS ............................................................................................ 4.3-1 4.3.1 Impacts to Terrestrial Ecosystems ................................................................. 4.3-2 4.3.1.1 Upland Habitats .............................................................................. 4.3-2 4.3.1.2 Wetland Habitats............................................................................. 4.3-4 4.3.1.3 Important Terrestrial Habitats ......................................................... 4.3-6 4.3.1.4 Wildlife ............................................................................................ 4.3-6 vii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 4.3.1.5 Important Terrestrial Species .......................................................... 4.3-8 4.3.1.6 Transmission Corridors ................................................................. 4.3-10 4.3.1.7 Summary of Impacts to Terrestrial Ecosystems during Preconstruction and Construction ................................................. 4.3-11 4.3.2 Impacts to Aquatic Ecosystems ................................................................... 4.3-12 4.3.2.1 Streams on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area .................. 4.3-13 4.3.2.2 Ponds on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area ...................... 4.3-14 4.3.2.3 The Clinch River Arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir ......................... 4.3-15 4.3.2.4 Important Aquatic Species and Habitats ....................................... 4.3-17 4.3.2.5 Transmission Corridors ................................................................. 4.3-18 4.3.2.6 Summary of Impacts to Aquatic Ecosystems during Preconstruction and Construction ................................................. 4.3-19 4.3.3 References................................................................................................... 4.3-20 4.4 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS .................................................................................... 4.4-1 4.4.1 Physical Impacts ............................................................................................ 4.4-1 4.4.1.1 Noise and Vibration......................................................................... 4.4-1 4.4.1.2 Air Quality ....................................................................................... 4.4-5 4.4.2 Social and Economic Impacts ........................................................................ 4.4-7 4.4.2.1 Population and Housing .................................................................. 4.4-7 4.4.2.2 Employment and Income ................................................................ 4.4-9 4.4.2.3 Transportation ............................................................................... 4.4-10 4.4.2.4 Tax Revenues to Local Jurisdictions ............................................ 4.4-14 4.4.2.5 Land Use....................................................................................... 4.4-15 4.4.2.6 Aesthetics and Recreation ............................................................ 4.4-17 4.4.2.7 Community Infrastructure and Services ........................................ 4.4-18 4.4.2.8 Education ...................................................................................... 4.4-21 4.4.3 Environmental Justice Impacts .................................................................... 4.4-22 4.4.3.1 Potential Physical Impacts ............................................................ 4.4-23 4.4.3.2 Potential Socioeconomic Impacts ................................................. 4.4-24 4.4.4 References................................................................................................... 4.4-25 4.5 RADIATION EXPOSURE TO CONSTRUCTION WORKERS .................................... 4.5-1 4.5.1 Site Layout ..................................................................................................... 4.5-1 4.5.2 Radiation Sources .......................................................................................... 4.5-1 4.5.2.1 Direct Radiation .............................................................................. 4.5-2 4.5.2.2 Gaseous Effluents ........................................................................... 4.5-2 4.5.2.3 Liquid Effluents ............................................................................... 4.5-3 4.5.3 Construction Worker Dose Rates .................................................................. 4.5-3 4.5.3.1 Direct Radiation .............................................................................. 4.5-3 4.5.3.2 Gaseous Effluents ........................................................................... 4.5-3 viii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 4.5.3.3 Liquid Effluents ............................................................................... 4.5-4 4.5.4 Construction Worker Dose Estimates ............................................................ 4.5-4 4.5.4.1 Direct Radiation .............................................................................. 4.5-5 4.5.4.2 Gaseous Effluents ........................................................................... 4.5-5 4.5.4.3 Liquid Effluents ............................................................................... 4.5-5 4.5.4.4 Workforce Dose .............................................................................. 4.5-5 4.5.5 Compliance with Dose Regulations ............................................................... 4.5-6 4.5.6 Summary of Radiation Exposure to Construction Workers ............................ 4.5-7 4.5.7 References..................................................................................................... 4.5-7 4.6 MEASURES AND CONTROLS TO LIMIT ADVERSE IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION ....................................................................................................... 4.6-1 4.7 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS RELATED TO CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .................. 4.7-1 4.7.1 Contributors to Cumulative Effects ................................................................ 4.7-1 4.7.1.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects ........ 4.7-1 4.7.1.2 Global Climate Change ................................................................... 4.7-2 4.7.2 Cumulative Land Use Impacts ....................................................................... 4.7-2 4.7.3 Cumulative Water Impacts ............................................................................. 4.7-5 4.7.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology Impacts .................................................. 4.7-5 4.7.3.2 Water Use Impacts ......................................................................... 4.7-6 4.7.3.3 Water-Quality Impacts .................................................................. 4.7-10 4.7.4 Cumulative Ecological Impacts .................................................................... 4.7-12 4.7.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology and Wetlands Impacts ................................... 4.7-13 4.7.4.2 Aquatic Ecology Impacts ............................................................... 4.7-17 4.7.5 Cumulative Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice Impacts ............... 4.7-21 4.7.5.1 Socioeconomic Impacts ................................................................ 4.7-21 4.7.5.2 Environmental Justice Impacts ..................................................... 4.7-25 4.7.5.3 Historic Properties Impacts ........................................................... 4.7-26 4.7.6 Radiological Health Impacts ........................................................................ 4.7-28 4.7.7 Nonradiological Health Impacts ................................................................... 4.7-30 4.7.8 References................................................................................................... 4.7-31 CHAPTER 5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF STATION OPERATION ............................. 5.0-1 5.1 LAND USE IMPACTS ................................................................................................. 5.1-1 5.1.1 The Site and Vicinity ...................................................................................... 5.1-1 5.1.1.1 The Site........................................................................................... 5.1-1 5.1.1.2 The Vicinity ..................................................................................... 5.1-2 5.1.2 Transmission Corridors and Offsite Areas ..................................................... 5.1-2 5.1.3 Historic Properties .......................................................................................... 5.1-2 5.1.3.1 Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites ................................. 5.1-3 5.1.3.2 Historic Structures ........................................................................... 5.1-4 ix Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 5.1.3.3 Cemeteries...................................................................................... 5.1-4 5.1.3.4 Traditional Cultural Properties ........................................................ 5.1-4 5.1.4 References..................................................................................................... 5.1-4 5.2 WATER-RELATED IMPACTS .................................................................................... 5.2-1 5.2.1 Hydrology Alterations and Plant Water Supply .............................................. 5.2-1 5.2.1.1 Hydrologic Setting ........................................................................... 5.2-1 5.2.1.2 Impacts of Facility Operations on Hydrology .................................. 5.2-2 5.2.1.3 Sufficiency of Water Supply for Facility Operations ........................ 5.2-5 5.2.2 Water Use Impacts ........................................................................................ 5.2-5 5.2.2.1 Water Availability ............................................................................ 5.2-5 5.2.2.2 Water Quality .................................................................................. 5.2-7 5.2.3 References..................................................................................................... 5.2-8 5.3 COOLING SYSTEM IMPACTS ................................................................................... 5.3-1 5.3.1 Intake System ................................................................................................ 5.3-1 5.3.1.1 Hydrodynamic Description and Physical Impacts ........................... 5.3-1 5.3.1.2 Aquatic Ecosystems ........................................................................ 5.3-2 5.3.2 Discharge System .......................................................................................... 5.3-5 5.3.2.1 Thermal Discharges and Other Physical Impacts ........................... 5.3-5 5.3.2.2 Aquatic Ecosystems ...................................................................... 5.3-11 5.3.3 Heat Discharge System ............................................................................... 5.3-12 5.3.3.1 Heat Dissipation to the Atmosphere ............................................. 5.3-12 5.3.3.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems ................................................................. 5.3-19 5.3.4 Impacts to Members of the Public ................................................................ 5.3-22 5.3.4.1 Etiologic Agent (Microorganism) Impacts ..................................... 5.3-22 5.3.4.2 Noise ............................................................................................. 5.3-26 5.3.5 References................................................................................................... 5.3-27 5.4 RADIOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF NORMAL OPERATION ............................................ 5.4-1 5.4.1 Exposure Pathways ....................................................................................... 5.4-1 5.4.1.1 Liquid Pathways .............................................................................. 5.4-2 5.4.1.2 Gaseous Pathways ......................................................................... 5.4-3 5.4.1.3 Direct Radiation from SMRs ........................................................... 5.4-3 5.4.2 Radiation Dose Modeling ............................................................................... 5.4-3 5.4.2.1 Liquid Pathways .............................................................................. 5.4-4 5.4.2.2 Gaseous Pathways ......................................................................... 5.4-5 5.4.3 Impacts to Members of the Public .................................................................. 5.4-6 5.4.4 Impacts to Biota Other than Members of the Public ...................................... 5.4-7 5.4.5 Occupational Doses ....................................................................................... 5.4-9 5.4.6 References..................................................................................................... 5.4-9 x Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 5.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WASTE................................................................. 5.5-1 5.5.1 Nonradioactive-Waste-System Impacts ......................................................... 5.5-1 5.5.1.1 Impacts of Discharges to Water ...................................................... 5.5-1 5.5.1.2 Impacts of Discharges to Land ....................................................... 5.5-2 5.5.1.3 Impacts of Discharges to Air ........................................................... 5.5-3 5.5.1.4 Sanitary Waste................................................................................ 5.5-3 5.5.2 Hazardous and Mixed Waste Impacts ........................................................... 5.5-4 5.5.2.1 Plant Systems Producing Hazardous and Mixed Waste ................. 5.5-4 5.5.2.2 Hazardous and Mixed Waste Storage and Disposal ...................... 5.5-5 5.5.2.3 Waste Minimization Plan................................................................. 5.5-5 5.5.2.4 Environmental Impacts of Hazardous and Mixed Waste ................ 5.5-6 5.5.3 References..................................................................................................... 5.5-6 5.6 TRANSMISSION SYSTEM IMPACTS ........................................................................ 5.6-1 5.6.1 Impacts to Terrestrial Ecosystems ................................................................. 5.6-2 5.6.2 Impacts to Aquatic Ecosystems ..................................................................... 5.6-3 5.6.3 Impacts to Members of the Public .................................................................. 5.6-5 5.6.3.1 Electromagnetic Field Exposure ..................................................... 5.6-5 5.6.3.2 Electrical Shock .............................................................................. 5.6-5 5.6.3.3 Noise ............................................................................................... 5.6-6 5.6.3.4 Radio and Television Interference .................................................. 5.6-7 5.6.3.5 Visual Impacts................................................................................. 5.6-7 5.6.4 References..................................................................................................... 5.6-8 5.7 URANIUM FUEL CYCLE AND TRANSPORTATION IMPACTS................................. 5.7-1 5.7.1 Uranium Fuel Cycle Impacts .......................................................................... 5.7-1 5.7.1.1 Land Use......................................................................................... 5.7-4 5.7.1.2 Water Use ....................................................................................... 5.7-5 5.7.1.3 Fossil Fuel Effects ........................................................................... 5.7-6 5.7.1.4 Chemical Effluents .......................................................................... 5.7-7 5.7.1.5 Radioactive Effluents ...................................................................... 5.7-7 5.7.1.6 Radioactive Wastes ........................................................................ 5.7-9 5.7.1.7 Occupational Dose........................................................................ 5.7-10 5.7.1.8 Transportation ............................................................................... 5.7-10 5.7.1.9 Summary....................................................................................... 5.7-10 5.7.2 Transportation of Radioactive Materials ...................................................... 5.7-10 5.7.2.1 Transportation Assessment .......................................................... 5.7-11 5.7.2.2 Incident-Free Transportation Impact Analysis .............................. 5.7-15 5.7.2.3 Summary....................................................................................... 5.7-18 5.7.3 References................................................................................................... 5.7-19 xi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 5.8 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS .................................................................................... 5.8-1 5.8.1 Physical Impacts of Station Operation ........................................................... 5.8-1 5.8.1.1 Noise ............................................................................................... 5.8-1 5.8.1.2 Air Quality ....................................................................................... 5.8-3 5.8.1.3 Thermal Emissions ......................................................................... 5.8-6 5.8.1.4 Visual Intrusions.............................................................................. 5.8-8 5.8.2 Social and Economic Impacts of Station Operation ..................................... 5.8-12 5.8.2.1 Population and Housing ................................................................ 5.8-12 5.8.2.2 Employment and Income .............................................................. 5.8-15 5.8.2.3 Transportation ............................................................................... 5.8-17 5.8.2.4 Tax Revenues to Local Jurisdictions ............................................ 5.8-19 5.8.2.5 Land Use....................................................................................... 5.8-20 5.8.2.6 Recreation..................................................................................... 5.8-22 5.8.2.7 Community Infrastructure and Services ........................................ 5.8-22 5.8.2.8 Education ...................................................................................... 5.8-27 5.8.3 Environmental Justice Impacts .................................................................... 5.8-28 5.8.3.1 Potential Physical Impacts ............................................................ 5.8-28 5.8.3.2 Potential Socioeconomic Impacts ................................................. 5.8-30 5.8.4 References................................................................................................... 5.8-31 5.9 DECOMMISSIONING IMPACTS ................................................................................ 5.9-1 5.9.1 NRC GEIS on Decommissioning of Nuclear Facilities ................................... 5.9-1 5.9.2 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 5.9-3 5.9.3 References..................................................................................................... 5.9-3 5.10 MEASURES AND CONTROLS TO LIMIT ADVERSE IMPACTS DURING OPERATION ............................................................................................................. 5.10-1 5.11 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS RELATED TO STATION OPERATION ............................ 5.11-1 5.11.1 Past, Present, and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects ..................... 5.11-1 5.11.2 Cumulative Land Use Impacts ..................................................................... 5.11-1 5.11.3 Cumulative Water Impacts ........................................................................... 5.11-3 5.11.3.1 Surface Water Hydrology Impacts ................................................ 5.11-3 5.11.3.2 Water Use Impacts ....................................................................... 5.11-4 5.11.3.3 Water Quality Impacts ................................................................... 5.11-7 5.11.4 Cumulative Ecological Impacts .................................................................... 5.11-9 5.11.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology and Wetlands Impacts ................................. 5.11-10 5.11.4.2 Aquatic Ecology Impacts ............................................................. 5.11-11 5.11.5 Cumulative Socioeconomics and Environmental Justice Impacts ............. 5.11-15 5.11.5.1 Socioeconomic Impacts .............................................................. 5.11-15 5.11.5.2 Environmental Justice Impacts ................................................... 5.11-21 5.11.6 Cumulative Historic Properties Impacts ..................................................... 5.11-23 xii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 5.11.7 Cumulative Impacts of Postulated Accidents ............................................. 5.11-24 5.11.7.1 Cumulative Fuel Cycle, Transportation and Decommissioning Impacts ....................................................................................... 5.11-25 5.11.8 Radiological Health Impacts ...................................................................... 5.11-28 5.11.9 Nonradiological Health Impacts ................................................................. 5.11-30 5.11.10 References................................................................................................. 5.11-32 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS AND MONITORING PROGRAMS .... 6.0-1 6.1 THERMAL MONITORING ........................................................................................... 6.1-1 6.1.1 Site Preparation Thermal Monitoring ............................................................. 6.1-1 6.1.2 Construction and Preoperational Thermal Monitoring ................................... 6.1-3 6.1.3 Operational Thermal Monitoring .................................................................... 6.1-3 6.1.4 References..................................................................................................... 6.1-4 6.2 RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING ................................................................................. 6.2-1 6.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6.2-1 6.2.2 Radiological Environmental Monitoring Programs ......................................... 6.2-1 6.2.2.1 Pathways Monitored ....................................................................... 6.2-2 6.2.2.2 Land Use Census ........................................................................... 6.2-3 6.2.3 Quality Assurance Program ........................................................................... 6.2-3 6.2.4 References..................................................................................................... 6.2-4 6.3 HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING ............................................................................... 6.3-1 6.3.1 Site Preparation Monitoring ........................................................................... 6.3-1 6.3.1.1 Surface Water ................................................................................. 6.3-1 6.3.1.2 Groundwater ................................................................................... 6.3-2 6.3.2 Construction and Preoperational Monitoring .................................................. 6.3-3 6.3.2.1 Surface Water ................................................................................. 6.3-3 6.3.2.2 Groundwater ................................................................................... 6.3-3 6.3.3 Operational Monitoring................................................................................... 6.3-4 6.3.4 References..................................................................................................... 6.3-4 6.4 METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING .......................................................................... 6.4-1 6.4.1 Historical Data Collection at the CRN Site ..................................................... 6.4-1 6.4.2 Site Preparation Monitoring ........................................................................... 6.4-2 6.4.2.1 General Site Description ................................................................. 6.4-2 6.4.2.2 Meteorological Tower Description, Location, and Exposure ........... 6.4-2 6.4.2.3 Potential Obstructions Surrounding Meteorological Tower ............. 6.4-3 6.4.2.4 Meteorological Measurements ........................................................ 6.4-5 6.4.2.5 Meteorological Sensor Orientation .................................................. 6.4-7 6.4.2.6 Data Recording ............................................................................... 6.4-7 6.4.2.7 Meteorological Data Analysis Procedure ........................................ 6.4-9 6.4.2.8 Instrument Calibration and Maintenance ........................................ 6.4-9 xiii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 6.4.2.9 System Accuracy .......................................................................... 6.4-10 6.4.3 Operational Monitoring................................................................................. 6.4-11 6.4.4 References................................................................................................... 6.4-11 6.5 ECOLOGICAL MONITORING .................................................................................... 6.5-1 6.5.1 Terrestrial Ecology and Land Use .................................................................. 6.5-1 6.5.1.1 Site Preparation Monitoring ............................................................ 6.5-1 6.5.1.2 Construction, Preoperational, and Operational Monitoring ............. 6.5-2 6.5.2 Aquatic Ecology ............................................................................................. 6.5-3 6.5.2.1 Site Preparation Monitoring ............................................................ 6.5-3 6.5.2.2 Construction Monitoring .................................................................. 6.5-5 6.5.2.3 Preoperational and Operational Monitoring .................................... 6.5-5 6.5.3 References..................................................................................................... 6.5-6 6.6 CHEMICAL MONITORING ......................................................................................... 6.6-1 6.6.1 Site Preparation Monitoring ........................................................................... 6.6-1 6.6.1.1 Surface Water Monitoring ............................................................... 6.6-1 6.6.1.2 Groundwater Monitoring ................................................................. 6.6-5 6.6.2 Construction and Preoperational Monitoring .................................................. 6.6-6 6.6.2.1 Surface Water Monitoring ............................................................... 6.6-6 6.6.2.2 Groundwater Monitoring ................................................................. 6.6-7 6.6.3 Operational Monitoring................................................................................... 6.6-7 6.6.3.1 Surface Water Monitoring ............................................................... 6.6-7 6.6.3.2 Groundwater Monitoring ................................................................. 6.6-7 6.6.4 References..................................................................................................... 6.6-8 6.7

SUMMARY

OF MONITORING PROGRAMS.............................................................. 6.7-1 6.7.1 Site Preparation and Construction Monitoring ............................................... 6.7-1 6.7.2 Preoperational Monitoring .............................................................................. 6.7-3 6.7.3 Operational Monitoring................................................................................... 6.7-4 CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF POSTULATED ACCIDENTS INVOLVING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ................................................................................................. 7.0-1 7.1 DESIGN BASIS ACCIDENTS ..................................................................................... 7.1-1 7.1.1 Accident Selection ......................................................................................... 7.1-1 7.1.2 Source Term .................................................................................................. 7.1-2 7.1.3 Evaluation Methodology and Conclusions ..................................................... 7.1-3 7.1.4 References..................................................................................................... 7.1-3 7.2 SEVERE ACCIDENTS ................................................................................................ 7.2-1 7.2.1 Methodology .................................................................................................. 7.2-1 7.2.2 TVA Methodology .......................................................................................... 7.2-3 xiv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 7.2.3 Consequences to Population Groups ............................................................ 7.2-4 7.2.3.1 Air Pathways ................................................................................... 7.2-4 7.2.3.2 Surface Water Pathways ................................................................ 7.2-5 7.2.3.3 Groundwater Pathways ................................................................... 7.2-6 7.2.4 Health Risks ................................................................................................... 7.2-6 7.2.5 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 7.2-7 7.2.6 References..................................................................................................... 7.2-7 7.3 SEVERE ACCIDENT MITIGATION ALTERNATIVES ................................................ 7.3-1 7.4 TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS ............................................................................. 7.4-1 7.4.1 Radiological Impacts ...................................................................................... 7.4-2 7.4.1.1 Transportation of Unirradiated Fuel ................................................ 7.4-3 7.4.1.2 Transportation of Irradiated Fuel ..................................................... 7.4-3 7.4.1.3 Transportation of Radioactive Waste .............................................. 7.4-6 7.4.2 Non-Radiological Impacts .............................................................................. 7.4-7 7.4.2.1 Transportation of Unirradiated Fuel ................................................ 7.4-7 7.4.2.2 Transportation of Irradiated Fuel ..................................................... 7.4-8 7.4.2.3 Transportation of Radioactive Waste .............................................. 7.4-8 7.4.2.4 Comparison to 10 CFR 51.52 Table S-4 ......................................... 7.4-8 7.4.3 Summary and Conclusion .............................................................................. 7.4-9 7.4.4 References..................................................................................................... 7.4-9 CHAPTER 8 NEED FOR POWER ............................................................................................ 8-1 CHAPTER 9 ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................................... 9.0-1 9.1 NO-ACTION ALTERNATIVE ...................................................................................... 9.1-1 9.1.1 References..................................................................................................... 9.1-2 9.2 ENERGY ALTERNATIVES ......................................................................................... 9.2-1 9.3 ALTERNATIVE SITES ................................................................................................ 9.3-1 9.3.1 Identification of Candidate Areas ................................................................... 9.3-3 9.3.2 Identification of Potential Sites ....................................................................... 9.3-3 9.3.3 Evaluation of Potential Sites and Identification of Candidates Sites .............. 9.3-4 9.3.4 Alternative Site Review .................................................................................. 9.3-5 9.3.4.1 Environmental Criteria .................................................................... 9.3-6 9.3.4.2 Cumulative Impacts ...................................................................... 9.3-64 9.3.5 Conclusions ............................................................................................... 9.3-102 xv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

PAGE 9.3.6 References................................................................................................. 9.3-104 9.4 ALTERNATIVE PLANT SYSTEMS ............................................................................. 9.4-1 9.4.1 Heat Dissipation Systems .............................................................................. 9.4-1 9.4.1.1 Proposed Heat Dissipation System ................................................ 9.4-1 9.4.1.2 Screening of Alternatives to the Proposed Heat Dissipation System ............................................................................................ 9.4-1 9.4.2 Circulating Water Systems ............................................................................. 9.4-5 9.4.2.1 Proposed Circulating Water System ............................................... 9.4-6 9.4.2.2 Alternatives to the Proposed Circulating Water System ................. 9.4-7 9.4.2.3 Water Treatment ........................................................................... 9.4-15 9.4.3 Transmission Systems ................................................................................. 9.4-16 9.4.4 References................................................................................................... 9.4-16 CHAPTER 10 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE PROPOSED ACTION ........ 10-1 10.1 UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS......................................... 10-1 10.1.1 Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Impacts during Construction and Preconstruction ............................................................................................... 10-1 10.1.2 Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Operational Impacts ............................. 10-4 10.2 IRREVERSIBLE AND IRRETRIEVABLE COMMITMENTS OF RESOURCES ........... 10-6 10.2.1 Irreversible Environmental Commitments ....................................................... 10-6 10.2.1.1 Land Use.......................................................................................... 10-7 10.2.1.2 Aquatic and Terrestrial Biota ............................................................ 10-7 10.2.1.3 Historic Properties ............................................................................ 10-7 10.2.1.4 Air and Water Resources ................................................................. 10-8 10.2.1.5 Socioeconomic Resources .............................................................. 10-8 10.2.1.6 Disposal of Non-hazardous, Hazardous, and Radioactive Waste ... 10-8 10.2.1.7 Uranium Fuel Cycle ......................................................................... 10-8 10.2.2 Irretrievable Environmental Commitments ...................................................... 10-8 10.2.2.1 Construction and Irradiated Materials .............................................. 10-9 10.2.2.2 Water Consumption ......................................................................... 10-9 10.2.2.3 Consumption of Energy Used in Constructing the Reactors ............ 10-9 10.2.2.4 Consumption of Uranium ............................................................... 10-10 10.3 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT-TERM USES AND LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY OF THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT................................................. 10-10 10.4 BENEFIT-COST BALANCE ....................................................................................... 10-11

10.5 REFERENCES

........................................................................................................... 10-11 APPENDIX A CONSULTATION APPENDIX B ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN xvi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES Table 1.2-1 Consultations Required for Early Site Permit Table 1.2-2 Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Table 1.3-1 Environmental Report Responses to Early Site Permit Regulatory Requirements Table 2.1-1 CRN Site Center Point in Longitude and Latitude (Decimal Degrees)

Table 2.1-2 CRN Site Center Point in Tennessee State Plane Projection (NAD27 UTM Zone 16 Meters)

Table 2.2-1 USGS Land-Use Categories for the CRN Site and Surrounding Areas Table 2.2-2 1942 Soil Survey for Roane County, Tennessee Table 2.2-3 2009 Soil Survey for Roane County, Tennessee Table 2.3.1-1 Monthly Means of Estimated Pan Evaporation Computed from Meteorological Measurements Using a Form of the Penman Equation Table 2.3.1-2 Summary of Hydrogeologic Properties on the ORR Table 2.3.1-3 Well Construction Summary Table 2.3.1-4 Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients Table 2.3.1-5 Borehole Packer Test Results Summary Table 2.3.1-6 Well Slug Test Results Summary Table 2.3.1-7 CRN Constant Rate Aquifer Pumping Test Results Table 2.3.1-8 Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Table 2.3.1-9 Representative Soil and Rock Properties Important to Radionuclide Transport Table 2.3.1-10 Groundwater Linear Velocity and Travel Time Table 2.3.2-1 Trends of Estimated Water Use in the Tennessee River Watershed 1995 to 2035 Table 2.3.2-2 2010 Surface Water Use in the Surface Water Review Area (mgd)

Table 2.3.2-3 Surface Water Withdrawals in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Morgan, Rhea, and Roane Counties Table 2.3.2-4 Groundwater Withdrawals from Five Counties Surrounding the CRN by Use Category Table 2.3.2-5 Summary of Nearby Water Systems Using Groundwater for Supply Table 2.3.2-6 Nearby Public Water Systems Using Groundwater for Supply Table 2.3.2-7 Characteristics of Individual Wells Located Within a 1.5-mile Radius of the CRN Site Table 2.3.3-1 Surface Water Bodies near CRN Site listed in 2012 303(d)

Table 2.3.3-2 Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Surface Water Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013; March, May, November 2014; and February, April, and June, 2015)

Table 2.3.3-3 Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Stormwater Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013, and March, May, and November 2014) xvii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 2.3.3-4 Analytical Results for Standard Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll a in Samples Collected Monthly March through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.0 Table 2.3.3-5 Concentrations of Total and Dissolved Metals in Water Samples Collected Bi-Monthly April through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.0 Table 2.3.3-6 Maximum Concentrations of Selected Metals in Water Samples Collected at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7, and 22.0 and Respective Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Fish and Aquatic Life Table 2.3.3-7 Pesticide and PCB Concentrations in Sediments Collected at CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0 in 2011 and at Far-Field Locations (CRM 24.5, TRM 560.8, and TRM 532.5) in 2010 and 2011 Table 2.3.3-8 Metals Concentrations in Sediments Collected at CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0 in 2011 and at Far-Field Locations (CRM 24.5, TRM 560.8, and TRM 532.5) in 2010 and 2011 Table 2.3.3-9 Field Geochemical Results Table 2.3.3-10 Laboratory Geochemical Results Table 2.3.3-11 Baseline Range of Field Parameters for Groundwater Table 2.3.3-12 Detailed Summary - Baseline Range of Field Parameters for Groundwater Table 2.3.3-13 Baseline Groundwater Temperatures and Sample Depths Table 2.3.3-14 Baseline Groundwater Summary Table 2.3.3-15 Baseline Groundwater Summary Legacy Contaminants Table 2.3.3-16 Baseline Groundwater Summary of Detected Analytes Table 2.4.1-1 Vegetation/Land Cover Types, Percent Coverage, and Acreage on the CRN Site Table 2.4.1-2 Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Table 2.4.1-3 Wetlands on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area Table 2.4.1-4 Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Table 2.4.1-5 Terrestrial and Wetland Species with Federal or State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Table 2.4.1-6 Habitats of Terrestrial and Wetland Species with State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Table 2.4.1-7 Biological Resources in ROWs of Transmission System Line Segments to be Modified Table 2.4.2-1 Fish Species Collected in 2011 Sampling During Four Seasons at Locations Upstream (CRM 18.5) and Downstream (CRM 15.0) of the CRN Site Table 2.4.2-2 Summary of Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index (RFAI) Scores and Ecological Health Ratings xviii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 2.4.2-3 Numbers and Percent Composition of Fish Eggs and Larvae Collected in Ichthyoplankton Samples from Upstream (CRM 18.0) and Downstream (CRM 15.5) of the CRN Site - February 2011 through January 2012 Table 2.4.2-4 Summary of Overall Reservoir Benthic Index (RBI) Scores and Ecological Health Ratings Table 2.4.2-5 Water Bodies Documented on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area Table 2.4.2-6 Aquatic Species with Federal or State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Table 2.5.1-1 Counties Wholly or Partially Within the 50-Mile Radius Table 2.5.1-2 Projected Permanent Population for Each Sector 0 to 10 Miles (0 to 16 km)

Table 2.5.1-3 Projected Permanent Population for Each Sector 0 to 10 Miles (0 to 16 km)

Table 2.5.1-4 Projected Permanent Population for Each Sector 10 to 50 Miles (16 to 80 km)

Table 2.5.1-5 Projected Permanent Population for Each Sector 10 to 50 Miles (16 to 80 km)

Table 2.5.1-6 Historical and Projected Population Table 2.5.1-7 Age and Gender Distribution, 2010 Table 2.5.1-8 Contributors to Transient Population within the 50-Mile (80 km) Region Table 2.5.1-9 National and State Parks Within 50 Miles with Reported Visitor Data Table 2.5.1-10 Peak Daily Projected Transient Population for Each Sector 0 to 50 Miles (0 to 80 km)

Table 2.5.1-11 Transient Workers Entering the 50-Mile Region, 2006-2010 Table 2.5.1-12 Description of Sparseness and Proximity Demographic Categories Table 2.5.1-13 Generic Environmental Impact Statement Sparseness and Proximity Matrix Table 2.5.2-1 Employment By Industry (2001 - 2011)

Table 2.5.2-2 Employment Trends (2001 - 2011)

Table 2.5.2-3 Top Employers Located in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-4 Household Income Distribution in Communities Closest to Clinch River Site Table 2.5.2-5 Per Capita Personal Income (2001 - 2011)

Table 2.5.2-6 Level of Service (LOS) Index Table 2.5.2-7 Total Revenues for Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties FY 2010 through FY 2014 Table 2.5.2-8 Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane County Tax Collections by Category Table 2.5.2-9 Tennessee Property Tax Classes Table 2.5.2-10 Appropriation of Tennessee State Funds for Fiscal Year 2012-2013 xix Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 2.5.2-11 TVA Tax Equivalent Payments to State of Tennessee and Counties FY 2011 through FY 2015 Table 2.5.2-12 Housing in Anderson, Knox, Loudon and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-13 Percent of Houses Built by Decade Table 2.5.2-14 Temporary Housing at Recreational Sites Table 2.5.2-15 Public Water Supply Systems and Capacities in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-16 Public Wastewater Treatment Facilities in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-17 Police Services Table 2.5.2-18 Area Hospitals and Medical Centers Table 2.5.2-19 Nursing Homes in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-20 Public Schools in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties, Tennessee Table 2.5.2-21 Colleges and Universities within 50 Miles of the CRN Site Table 2.5.2-22 Traffic Incident Rates in the Vicinity of the Clinch River Site (February 2008 to November 2012)

Table 2.5.3-1 Previously Recorded Aboveground Historic Properties Within a 10-Mile Radius of the CRN Site Table 2.5.3-2 Prehistoric and Historic Archaeological Sites on and in the Vicinity of the CRN Site Table 2.5.4-1 Minority and Low-Income Populations within 50-Mile Radius1 Table 2.5.4-2 Organizations Contacted to Identify Communities with Unique Characteristics Table 2.5.4-3 Farms that Employ Migrant Labor in the Clinch River Nuclear Site Region, 2007 Table 2.7.1-1 Normal Temperatures (°F) Across Tennessee Table 2.7.1-2 Normal Precipitation (inches) Across Tennessee Table 2.7.1-3 Dry Bulb Temperatures at the Oak Ridge NWS and Knoxville NWS Stations Table 2.7.1-4 Mean Wet Bulb Temperatures, Dew Point Temperatures and Relative Humidity at the Oak Ridge and Knoxville NWS Stations Table 2.7.1-5 Wind Data for the Oak Ridge and Knoxville NWS Stations Table 2.7.2-1 Tennessee County Nonattainment Areas Table 2.7.2-2 Maintenance Areas in Tennessee Table 2.7.3-1 Maximum Wind Speeds at Oak Ridge and Knoxville Table 2.7.3-2 Tornadoes reported within 10 Miles of CRN Site (1950-2013)

Table 2.7.3-3 Extreme Snowfall for NWS Stations Around CRN Table 2.7.4-1 Comparisons of Meteorological Tower Measurements xx Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 2.7.4-2 CRN Site 10-Meter Joint Frequency Distribution by Wind Speed and Direction for All Stability Classes (April 21, 2011 through July 9, 2013)

Table 2.7.4-3 10-Meter Wind Direction (WD) Persistence for CRN Table 2.7.4-4 Air Temperatures for the Knoxville NWS Station Table 2.7.4-5 Air Temperatures for the Oak Ridge NWS Station Table 2.7.4-6 CRN Site, Oak Ridge and Knoxville Mean Monthly Dry Bulb Temperatures Table 2.7.4-7 Relative Humidity and Wet Bulb Temperatures for CRN Site (10-Meters),

Oak Ridge NWS Station, and Knoxville NWS Station Table 2.7.4-8 Historical Precipitation Data for the Oak Ridge NWS Station Table 2.7.4-9 Precipitation at the Oak Ridge NWS Station During CRN Meteorological Sampling Period Table 2.7.4-10 Oak Ridge NWS Station Precipitation by CRN Wind Direction Table 2.7.4-11 Historical Snowfall (Inches) for the Knoxville and Oak Ridge NWS Stations Table 2.7.4-12 Fog Occurrence for the Knoxville and Oak Ridge NWS Stations Table 2.7.4-13 Pasquill Atmospheric Stabilities for CRN Site Table 2.7.4-14 Frequency Distribution of Consecutive Hours of Inversion Conditions Table 2.7.4-15 Average Mixing Height Data Table 2.7.4-16 CRN Site Historical Meteorological Towers Table 2.7.5-1 Classification of Atmospheric Stability Table 2.7.5-2 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class A June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-3 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class B June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-4 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class C June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-5 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class D June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-6 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class E June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-7 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class F June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 xxi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 2.7.5-8 Joint Frequency Distribution (Hours) of Wind Speed and Direction by Atmospheric Stability Class - Stability Class G June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-9 Percent Occurrence for Each Wind Direction June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-10 Percent in Each Stability Class June 1, 2011 to May 31, 2013 Table 2.7.5-11 Distances for the EAB and LPZ at the 16 Wind Direction Sectors Table 2.7.5-12 PAVAN Modeling Inputs Table 2.7.5-13 CRN Site SMR 50 Percent Probability Level X/Q Values Table 2.7.6-1 List of Inputs used in the XOQDOQ Modeling Table 2.7.6-2 CALPUFF Model Input Configuration for Complex Terrain Analysis Table 2.7.6-3 Long-Term Average X/Q Values Estimated from XOQDOQ and CALPUFF at the EAB Table 2.7.6-4 Long-Term Average X/Q Values Estimated from XOQDOQ and CALPUFF at the Low Population Zone (LPZ)

Table 2.7.6-5 CRN Offsite Receptor Locations Table 2.7.6-6 Annual Average X/Q for No Decay, Undepleted for Specified Distances at Each Sector Table 2.7.6-7 Annual Average X/Q for 2.26 Day Decay, Undepleted for Specified Distances at Each Sector Table 2.7.6-8 Annual Average X/Q for 8 Day Decay, Depleted for Specified Distances at Each Sector Table 2.7.6-9 Annual Average D/Q at Specified Distances for Each Sector Table 2.7.6-10 X/Q and D/Q Values for No Decay, Decay, and Undepleted, at Each Receptor Location Table 3.1-1 CRN Site Characteristics Table 3.1-2 CRN Site Related Design Parameters Table 3.5-1 CRN Site Projected Average Normal Liquid Radioactive Release Table 3.5-2 Liquid Effluent Activities Per Reactor Table 3.5-3 CRN Site Project Average Normal Gaseous Radioactive Release Table 3.5-4 Gaseous Effluent Activities Per Reactor Table 3.5-5 Projected Principal Radionuclides in Solid Radioactive Waste from the CRN Site Table 3.6-1 Projected Blowdown Constituents and Concentrations Table 3.6-2 Projected Maximum Annual Emissions from Auxiliary Boilers Table 3.6-3 Projected Maximum Annual Emissions from Standby Diesel Generators Table 3.6-4 Projected Standby Power System Gas Turbines Flue Gas Effluents Table 3.7-1 Detailed Transmission Line Segment Information Table 3.9-1 Anticipated Schedule for Construction and Operation of Two or More SMR Units at the CRN Site xxii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 3.9-2 Peak and Attenuated Noise Levels Expected from Operation of Construction Equipment Table 3.10-1 Estimated Percent of Onsite Construction Labor Force by Category Table 3.10-2 Estimated Construction Workforce for a Projected Six-Year Construction Schedule (From Beginning of Site Preparation until Fuel Load of the Last Unit)

Table 3.10-3 Estimated Operations Workforce by Month for a Projected Six-Year Construction Schedule (From Beginning of Site Preparation until Fuel Load of the Last Unit)

Table 4.1-1 Land Cover Types to be Disturbed by Development on the CRN Site Table 4.3-1 Land Cover Types to be Disturbed by Development on the CRN Site Table 4.4-1 A-Weighted Sound Levels (dBA) of Construction Equipment and Modeled Attenuation at Various Distances Table 4.4-2 Typical Emission Factors (grams/bhp-hr) for Construction-Related Equipment Table 4.4-3 Emission Factors (grams/veh-mi) for Vehicles on Construction Site Table 4.4-4 Summary of Overall LOS and Delay by Intersection Table 4.4-5 Police Protection in the Four Counties of Interest, Adjusted for the Construction Workforce and Associated Population Increase Table 4.4-6 Fire Protection in the Four Counties of Interest, Adjusted for the Construction Workforce and Associated Population Increase Table 4.4-7 School Enrollments and Teacher/Student Ratios Table 4.5-1 Total Doses to Construction Workers from All Units (mrem/yr)

Table 4.5-2 Compliance of Construction Worker Doses from All Units with 10 CFR 20.1301 Criteria Table 4.5-3 Compliance of Construction Worker Doses from Each Unit with 10 CFR 50, Appendix I Criteria (mrem/yr)

Table 4.6-1 Summary of Measures and Controls to Limit Adverse Impacts During Construction Table 4.6-2 Summary of Construction- and Preconstruction-Related Impacts for Safety-Related Structures, Systems, or Components Table 4.7-1 Past, Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects and Other Actions Considered in the Cumulative Analysis of Oak Ridge Reservation Table 5.3-1 Average annual densities of fish eggs and larvae (number/1000 m3) collected at the upstream sample location (CRM 18.0) near the proposed intake for the CR SMR Project from February 2011 through January 2012 Table 5.3-2 Cooling Tower Design Inputs for SACTI Model Table 5.3-3 Cooling Tower Droplet Mass Spectrum Table 5.3-4 Water Deposition in kg/km2-mo Table 5.3-5 Salt Deposition kg/km2-mo Table 5.3-6 TDS Deposition kg/km2-mo xxiii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 5.3-7 Hours of Plume Shadowing Table 5.3-8 Annual Plume Length Frequency Table 5.4-1 Liquid Pathway Parameters - Aquatic Food and Activities Table 5.4-2 Aquatic Food Consumption from Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir for 2067 Population within 50 Miles (kg/yr)

Table 5.4-3 Liquid Pathway Parameters Table 5.4-4 Gaseous Pathway Parameters - GASPAR II Information Table 5.4-5 Total Population Distribution Within 50 Miles of the CRN Site in 2067 Table 5.4-6 Food Production in Tennessee Table 5.4-7 Vegetable, Milk, and Meat Production within 50 Miles in 2067 Table 5.4-8 Liquid Effluent Doses per Unit Units to MEI (mrem/yr)

Table 5.4-9 Liquid Effluent Doses from All Units to MEI (mrem/yr)

Table 5.4-10 Gaseous Effluent Doses per Unit to MEI Table 5.4-11 Gaseous Effluent Doses from All Units to MEI Table 5.4-12 Liquid Effluent Doses Per Unit to Population Within 50 Miles (person-rem/yr)

Table 5.4-13 Gaseous Effluent Dose Per Unit to Population Within 50 Miles (person-rem/yr)

Table 5.4-14 Gaseous Effluent Thyroid Doses Per Unit to MEI from Iodines and Particulates (mrem/yr)

Table 5.4-15 Compliance of MEI Annual Doses Per Unit with 10 CFR 50, Appendix I Criteria Table 5.4-16 Compliance of MEI Doses from All Units with 40 CFR 190.10 Criteria (mrem/yr)

Table 5.4-17 Doses from All Units to Population Within 50 Miles (person-rem/yr)

Table 5.4-18 Liquid Effluent Doses from All Units to Biota Table 5.4-19 Gaseous Effluent Doses from All Units to Biota Table 5.4-20 Doses from All Units to Biota Table 5.7-1 Scaling Factor - Reference Plant and CRN SMRs Table 5.7-2 Uranium Fuel Cycle Environmental Data Table 5.7-3 Whole Body 100-Year Dose Commitment Estimate Table 5.7-4 Estimated 100-Year Environmental Dose Commitment from Mining and Milling for Each Year of Operation Table 5.7-5 Radiation Exposure to the United States Population Table 5.7-6 Number of Truck Shipments of Unirradiated Fuel Table 5.7-7 Number of Radioactive Waste Shipments Table 5.7-8 CRN Site SMR Comparisons to 10 CFR 51.52 Reference Conditions Table 5.7-9 Total Shipment Cumulative Dose Summary Table 5.8-1 Preliminary Annual Estimates for Criteria Pollutant Emissions from SMR-Supporting Fossil Fuel Fired Equipment xxiv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 5.8-2 Comparison of Life-Cycle CO2 Equivalent Emissions for Different Energy Sources Table 5.8-3 Law Enforcement Officers and Officer-to-Resident Ratios in Geographic Area of Interest Table 5.8-4 Fire Fighters and Firefighter-to-Resident Ratios in Geographic Area of Interest Table 5.8-5 School Enrollments and Teacher/Student Ratios in Geographic Area of Interest Table 5.10-1 Summary of Measures and Controls to Limit Adverse Operational Impacts Table 5.11-1 Geographic Areas of Interest Defined for the Analyzed Resource Areas Table 5.11-2 Title V Operating Permit Sources In Roane, Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Morgan Counties, Tennessee Table 6.1-1 Description of Thermal Monitoring Locations and Data Collection Table 6.2-1 Duration of Preoperational Program for Specific Media Table 6.2-2 Potential Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Sample Station Locations Table 6.2-3 Site Preparation, Construction/Preoperational, and Operational Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program Table 6.4-1 Onsite Meteorological Data Collection Table 6.4-2 Data Recovery Rates for Combined Wind Speed and Direction Table 6.4-3 Combined Wind Speed, Wind Direction, and Stability Class Data Recovery Rate at 10-Meters for June 1, 2011 through May 31, 2013 Table 6.4-4 Calibrations of Meteorological Sensors Table 6.4-5 Meteorological System Accuracy Versus Specifications Table 6.5-1 TVA Field Activities included in the Terrestrial Wildlife Site Preparation Monitoring Program Table 6.6-1 Surface Water Analytical Parameters and Bottle Types Table 6.6-2 Surface Water Quality Parameters, Reporting Limits, and Methods of Analysis Table 6.6-3 Total and Dissolved Metals Analyses in Surface Water, Reporting Limits, and Methods Table 6.6-4 Chemical Measurements in Sediments, Detection Limits, and Methods Table 6.6-5 Groundwater Analytical Parameters Table 6.6-6 Monitoring Wells Included in Sampling Table 6.7-1 Summary of Monitoring Programs Table 7.1-1 LOCA Bounding Design Basis Accident Atmospheric Radioactive Release (in Ci)

Table 7.1-2 CRN Site LOCA Doses Table 7.2-1 Bounding CRN Site SMR Release Category Relative Frequencies Table 7.2-2 Representative CRN Site SMR Chemical Group Assignment Table 7.2-3 Representative CRN Site SMR Source Term Release Fractions xxv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Table 7.2-4 Environmental Impacts with a 50-Mile Radius for Severe Accidents at CRN Site Table 7.2-5 Comparison of Environmental Risks for the PPE with Risks for Current-Generation Reactors at Five Sites Evaluated in NUREG-1150 Table 7.2-6 Comparison of Environmental Risks from Severe Accidents for PPE with Risks for Current Nuclear Power Plants Undergoing Operating License Renewal Review Table 7.4-1 CRN Site Model Accident, Fatality and Injury Rates Table 7.4-2 CRN Site Model Irradiated Fuel Source Term Table 7.4-3 CRN Site Model Severity and Release Fractions for Uncanistered Truck-Transported Fuel Table 7.4-4 CRN Site Model Radiological Accident Analysis Results (per CRN Site operating year)

Table 7.4-5 CRN Site Model Non-Radiological Accident Analysis Results for Normalized Number of Shipments: Fatalities Table 7.4-6 CRN Site Model Non-Radiological Accident Analysis Results for Normalized Number of Shipments: Injuries Table 7.4-7 CRN Site Model Comparison to 10 CFR 51.52 Summary Table S-4:

Accidents in Transport Bounding Technology Summary Table 9.3-1 Summary of Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Impact Evaluations for Environmental and Socioeconomic Criteria Table 9.3-2 ORR Site 2 Land Use/Land Cover Table 9.3-3 ORR Site 8 Land Use/Land Cover Table 9.3-4 Redstone Arsenal 12 Land Use/Land Cover Table 9.3-5 Minority and Low-Income Populations within Redstone Arsenal 12 50-Mile Radius Table 9.3-6 Summary of Past, Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects Considered in the Cumulative Analysis of Redstone Arsenal Table 9.3-7 Summary of Potential Cumulative Impacts of Construction and Operation to Environmental and Socioeconomic Criteria by Site Table 9.4.2-1 Discharge Alternatives Evaluated to Attenuate Impact of SMR Blowdown Table 9.4.2-2 Order-of-Magnitude Capital Costs and Notable O&M Impacts for Alternative Systems Table 9.4.2-3 Assessment Summary of Discharge Alternatives Table 10.1-1 Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Impacts from Construction and Preconstruction Table 10.1-2 Operational-Related Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Impacts xxvi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1-1 CRN Site Location Map Figure 2.1-1 CRN Site 50-Mile Regional Map Figure 2.1-2 CRN Site 6-Mile Vicinity Map Figure 2.1-3 CRN Site Layout Figure 2.2-1 CRN Site Topographic Map Figure 2.2-2 CRN Site Land Cover Types Figure 2.2-3 CRN Site Prime Farmland Soils Figure 2.2-4 CRN Site 6-Mile Vicinity Land Cover Map Figure 2.2-5 CRN Site 50-Mile Regional Land Cover Map Figure 2.2-6 CRN Site Vicinity Transmission Lines Figure 2.2-7 Transmission Line Segments Requiring Upgrades Figure 2.2-8 CRN Site Borrow Areas Figure 2.2-9 CRN Site Flood Hazard Map Figure 2.2-10 Transmission Segments Requiring Upgrades with Federal Lands, Parks, Wildlife Refuges, and Wilderness Areas Figure 2.3.1-1 CRN Site Vicinity Water Resources Figure 2.3.1-2 CRN Site Regional Water Resources Figure 2.3.1-3 Melton Hill Dam Weekly Discharge Frequency Figure 2.3.1-4 Operating Guide for Headwater Elevation at Watts Bar Dam Figure 2.3.1-5. Daily Average Release from Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-6 Percentile for Daily Average Release from Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-7 Percentile for Hourly Average Release from Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-8 Average Annual Frequency of No Release Events from Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-9 WSEL Measurements at CR SMR and WBH, and Discharge Measurements at Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-10 Headwater Elevation at Watts Bar Dam, Showing Max, Min, and Average Values of Daily Midnight Readings, 2004-2013 Figure 2.3.1-11 Hourly Water Temperature for Tailwater Below Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-12 Daily Maximum, Minimum, and Average Hourly Water Temperature for Tailwater Below Melton Hill Dam Figure 2.3.1-13 Percentile for Change in Hourly Water Temperature between CRM 16.1 and CRM 22.6/MHH Tailwater Figure 2.3.1-14 CRN Site Bathemetry Figure 2.3.1-15 Location Map - ORR and CRN Site Figure 2.3.1-16 Geographic Regions of Tennessee Figure 2.3.1-17 Preconstruction Topographic and Geologic Map and Cross-Section of the CRBRP Project Figure 2.3.1-18 Current Site Topography and Observation Well Locations Figure 2.3.1-19 CRBRP Fill and Excavation Areas Figure 2.3.1-20 Cambrian and Ordovician Aquifers Figure 2.3.1-21 Typical Cross-Section of the East Tennessee Aquifer System xxvii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)

Figure 2.3.1-22 Site Area Hydrogeostratigraphy Figure 2.3.1-23 ORR Vertical Flow Conceptualization Figure 2.3.1-24 ORR Historic Bedrock Hydraulic Conductivity Test Data Figure 2.3.1-25 ORR Aquifer Pumping Test Results Figure 2.3.1-26 CRBRP Bedrock Packer Hydraulic Conductivity Tests Figure 2.3.1-27 Groundwater Levels Adjacent to the Clinch River Figure 2.3.1-28 Sole Source Aquifers in EPA Region IV Figure 2.3.1-29 U.S. Geological Survey Regional Hydrograph Figure 2.3.1-30 U.S. Geological Survey Hydrograph near the CRN Site Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 1 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-101 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 2 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-202 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 3 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-401 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 4 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-409 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 5 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-415 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 6 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-416 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 7 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-417 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 8 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-418 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 9 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-419 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 10 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-420 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 11 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-421 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 12 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-423 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 13 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-428 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-31 (Sheet 14 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-429 Well Cluster Figure 2.3.1-32 Bethel Valley Flow Conceptualization Figure 2.3.1-33 Potentiometric Surface Map for September 24, 2013 Figure 2.3.1-34 Potentiometric Surface Map for December 20, 2013 Figure 2.3.1-35 Potentiometric Surface Map for January 13, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-36 Potentiometric Surface Map for March 16, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-37 Potentiometric Surface Map for May 15, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-38 Potentiometric Surface Map for August 18, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-39 Potentiometric Surface Map for November 4, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-40 Potentiometric Surface Map for February 12, 2015 Figure 2.3.1-41 Potentiometric Surface Map for May 19, 2015 Figure 2.3.1-42 Potentiometric Surface Map for August 10, 2015 Figure 2.3.1-43 Snapshot in Time Showing Equipotential Lines in the Vertical Plane Along the Strike of the Bedding Plane on June 13, 2014 Figure 2.3.1-44 Fracture Frequency Histogram Figure 2.3.1-45 Example Acoustic Televiewer Geophysical Log Figure 2.3.1-46 Clinch River Nuclear Borehole Packer Test Results Box and Whisker Plots xxviii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)

Figure 2.3.1-47 Scatter Plot of Clinch River Nuclear Packer Test Hydraulic Conductivity Results with Depth Figure 2.3.1-48 Slug Test Results for CRN Site Figure 2.3.1-49 Comparison of Slug and Packer Test Results Figure 2.3.2-1 Surface Water Intakes near the CRN Site in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Morgan, Rhea, and Roane Counties Figure 2.3.2-2 Groundwater Use Study Areas Figure 2.3.2-3 Groundwater Use by Category in the Groundwater Study Area for 2000, 2005, and 2010 Figure 2.3.2-4 Groundwater Intakes Near the CRN Site in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties Figure 2.3.2-5 Individual Well Locations Within a 1.5-mile Radius of the CRN Site Figure 2.3.3-1 CRN Site Surface Water Monitoring Locations Figure 2.3.3-2 Piper Trilinear Diagram Figure 2.3.3-3 ORR Groundwater Contamination Map Figure 2.4.1-1 Land Cover Types on the CRN Site Figure 2.4.1-2 Streams, Ponds, and Wetlands on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area Figure 2.4.1-3 ORR Designated Areas in the Vicinity of the CRN Site Figure 2.5.1-1 0 to 10 mile Population Sector Map Figure 2.5.1-2 10 to 50 mile Population Sector Map Figure 2.5.1-3 0 to 2 Mile Population Sector Map Figure 2.5.2-1 Traffic Study Intersections Potentially Impacted by the Proposed Project Figure 2.5.3-1 Prehistoric/Historic Archaeological Sites On and Adjacent to the Clinch River Property Figure 2.5.3-2 NRHP-Listed Aboveground Historic Properties Within 10-Mile of the Center Point of the CRN Site Figure 2.5.3-3 Previous Surveys On and Adjacent to the CR SMR APE Figure 2.5.4-1 Minority Population Block Groups Within 50 Miles of the CRN Site Figure 2.5.4-2 Low-Income Population Block Groups Within 50 Miles of the CRN Site Figure 2.6-1 Map of Physiographic Provinces Figure 2.6-2 Local Physiography Figure 2.6-3 Geologic Cross Section of the CRN Site Figure 2.6-4 CRN Site Geologic Map Figure 2.7.1-1 Tennessee Meteorological Data Monitoring City Locations Figure 2.7.1-2 Topographical Features Within 5 Miles of the CRN Site Figure 2.7.1-3 Topographical Features Within 50 Miles of the CRN Site Figure 2.7.2-1 Roane County Census Block Group PM2.5 Non-Attainment Area Relative to CRN Site Figure 2.7.4-1 Wind Rose CRN Site 10-Meter January through December Figure 2.7.4-2 Wind Rose CRN Site 60-Meter January through December xxix Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)

Figure 2.7.4-3 Wind Rose Oak Ridge NWS 10 Years January through December Figure 2.7.4-4 Clinch River Property Average 10-Meter Wind Direction (by Quarter)

Figure 2.7.4-5 Wind Rose CRN Site 10-Meter All Data Figure 2.7.4-6 Wind Rose CRN Site 60-Meter All Data Figure 2.7.4-7 Wind Rose Oak Ridge NWS 10 Years All Data Figure 2.7.4-8 Concurrent Mean Dew Point Temperatures (Fahrenheit)

Figure 2.7.4-9 Concurrent Mean Wet Bulb Temperatures (Fahrenheit)

Figure 2.7.4-10 Topography in the Vicinity of the CRN Site Figure 2.7.4-11 Effects of Topography on Wind Flow in the CRN Site Vicinity Figure 2.7.4-12 Elevation Profiles 0 to 50 Miles from CRN Site Figure 2.7.5-1 Effluent Release Boundary with Analytical EAB Figure 2.7.5-2 Effluent Release Boundaries (ERBs), Analytical EAB, and Site EAB Figure 2.7.5-3 Site Center Point and Distance to the LPZ Figure 2.7.6-1 Location of Sensitive Receptors (Land Use Survey)

Figure 2.7.6-2 LPZ and Analytical EAB Distances Used for the Complex Terrain Analysis Figure 2.8-1 Ambient Noise Measurement Locations Figure 3.1-1 CRN Site Utilization Plan Figure 3.1-2 CRN Site Cleared Areas Figure 3.1-3 Architectural Rendering of the Clinch River SMR Surrogate Plant (Two Units) Superimposed on a Site Aerial (View to the Southeast)

Figure 3.3-1 CRN Site Water Use Diagram Figure 3.4-1 Location Plan of Intake Structure Figure 3.4-2 Conceptual Intake Structure Arrangement Figure 3.4-3 Conceptual Plan View of Intake Structure Figure 3.4-4 Conceptual Section View of Intake Structure Figure 3.4-5 Conceptual Layout of Proposed Discharge Structure Figure 3.7-1 CRN Site Transmission System Figure 3.7-2 Transmission Systems in the Vicinity of the CRN Site Figure 3.7-3 Typical TVA 500 kV Switchyard Figure 3.7-4 Typical TVA 161 kV Switchyard Figure 3.7-5 Typical TVA 500 kV Structure Figure 3.7-6 Typical TVA 161 kV Transmission Structures Figure 3.7-7 Transmission Line Segments Requiring Upgrades Figure 3.10-1 Estimated Construction Workforce by Month Figure 3.10-2 Estimated Operational Workforce by Month Figure 3.10-3 Estimated Overlap Workforce by Month Figure 4.1-1 Areas to be Cleared and Land Cover Disturbed on the CRN Site Vicinity Figure 4.3-1 Areas to be Cleared and Land Cover Disturbed on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area Figure 4.4-1 Proposed Geometry xxx Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)

Figure 4.7-1 Oak Ridge Reservation Past, Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects Figure 5.3-1 River Flows for PPE Extreme Winter Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.3-2 River Flows for PPE Extreme Summer Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.3-3 Temperatures at 5-Foot Depth for PPE Extreme Winter Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.3-4 Temperatures at 5-Foot Depth for PPE Extreme Summer Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.3-5 Approximate Zone of Influence of SMR Thermal Effluent at Water Surface for PPE Extreme Winter Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.3-6 Approximate Zone of Influence of SMR Thermal Effluent at Water Surface for PPE Extreme Summer Conditions, Full Power Figure 5.8-1 CRN Site Key Observation Points Figure 5.8-2 Baseline View from KOP 5 Figure 5.8-3 View From KOP 5 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-4 View From KOP 5 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-5 View From KOP 5 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-6 Baseline View From KOP 7 Figure 5.8-7 View From KOP 7 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-8 View From KOP 7 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-9 View From KOP 7 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-10 Baseline View From KOP 8 Figure 5.8-11 View From KOP 8 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-12 View From KOP 8 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-13 View From KOP 8 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-14 Baseline View From KOP 16 Figure 5.8-15 View From KOP 16 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-16 View From KOP 16 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-17 View From KOP 16 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-18 Baseline View From KOP 19 Figure 5.8-19 View From KOP 19 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-20 View From KOP 19 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-21 View From KOP 19 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-22 Baseline View From KOP 22 Figure 5.8-23 View From KOP 22 with the CR SMR Project xxxi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report LIST OF FIGURES (CONTINUED)

Figure 5.8-24 View From KOP 22 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-25 View From KOP 22 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 5.8-26 Baseline View From KOP 40 Figure 5.8-27 View From KOP 40 with the CR SMR Project Figure 5.8-28 View From KOP 40 with the CR SMR Project and the Average Annual Plume Figure 5.8-29 View From KOP 40 with the CR SMR Project and the Winter Plume Figure 6.1-1 Thermal Monitoring Locations in Close Proximity to CRN Site Figure 6.1-2 Thermal Monitoring Locations Used to Evaluate SMRs Figure 6.2-1 CRN Site Local Radiological Sampling Locations (1-Mile Radius)

Figure 6.2-2 CRN Site Remote Radiological Sampling Locations (5-Mile Radius)

Figure 6.4-1 CRN Site Historical Meteorological Monitoring Locations Figure 6.4-2 6-Mile Vicinity Topographic Map Figure 6.4-3 Meteorological Tower 3 EDS Site Layout Figure 9.3-1 Proposed and Alternative Candidate Site Screening Methodology Figure 9.3-2 TVA Service Area and Direct Service Federal Customers Figure 9.3-3 General Site Criteria Evaluation Results Figure 9.3-4 ORR Candidate Sites Figure 9.3-5 Redstone Arsenal Candidate Sites Figure 9.3-6 ORR Site 2 - Potential Layout Figure 9.3-7 ORR Site 8 - Potential Layout Figure 9.3-8 Redstone Arsenal Site 12 - Potential Layout Figure 9.3-9 ORR Site 3 (CRN Site) Flood Hazard Map Figure 9.3-10 ORR Site 2 Flood Hazard Map Figure 9.3-11 ORR Site 8 Flood Hazard Map Figure 9.3-12 Redstone Arsenal Site 12 Flood Hazard Map Figure 9.3-13 Minority Population Block Groups within 50 Miles of the Redstone Arsenal Candidate Site Figure 9.3-14 Low-Income Population Block Groups within 50 Miles of the Redstone Arsenal Candidate Site Figure 9.3-15 Redstone Arsenal Past, Present and Reasonably Foreseeable Future Projects xxxii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

°C degrees Celsius

°F degrees Fahrenheit

µg/L micrograms per liter AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic ac acres ACS American Community Survey ADEM Alabama Department of Environmental Management AEDC Arnold Engineering Development Center AFB Air Force Base ALARA as low as reasonably achievable ALDOT Alabama Department of Transportation ALS Advanced Life Support AMEC Amec Foster Wheeler plc ANA aquatic natural area APE area of potential effect ARA aquatic reference area ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASOS Automated Surface Observing System ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry B/CTP Bicide/Corrosion Treatment Plant bgs below ground surface BMP best management practices BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BP Containment Bypass BRAC Base Realignment and Closure Program Btu British thermal units BWRs boiling water reactors CAA Clean Air Act CDC Center for Disease Control and Prevention CDF core damage frequency CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CFE Early Containment Failure CFI Intermediate Containment Failure CFL Late Containment Failure CFR Code of Federal Regulations cfs cubic feet per second CH4 methane Ci curies Cl chloride cm centimeter xxxiii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide COC Cycles of Concentration COD Chemical Oxygen Demand COL Combined License COLA Combined License Application CR Clinch River CRBRP Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project CRM Clinch River Mile CRN Clinch River Nuclear CRUD corrosion related unidentified deposits CWA Clean Water Act CWS circulating water system DAR Daughters of the American Revolution DASU Data Acquisition Switch Unit dB decibel dBA a-weighted decibels DBAs Design basis Accidents DBT Design Basis Tornado DNL Day-Night Average Sound Level DO dissolved oxygen DoD U.S. Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOT U.S. Department of Transportation DRH Division of Radiological Health EAB exclusion area boundary EDS Environmental Data Station EIA U.S. Energy Information Administration EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMA Environmental Monitoring and Analysis EMF electromagnetic field EMS Emergency Medical Services EO Executive Order EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPFS Emergency Preparedness Field Support EPRI Electric Power Research Institute EPZ emergency planning zone ER Environmental Report ERB Effluent Release Boundaries ESE east-southeast ESP Early Site Permit xxxiv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

ESPA Early Site Permit Application ETHRA East Tennessee Human Resource Agency ETTP East Tennessee Technology Park FBI Federal Bureau of Investigations FEIS Final Environmental Impact Statement FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRMs Flood Insurance Rate Maps FONSI Finding of No Significant Impact fps feet per second ft feet ft/ft feet per foot ft/s feet per second ft2/d feet squared per day ft3 cubic feet FWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Act FY Fiscal Year g/kWh grams of CO2 per kilowatt hour GEIS Generic Environmental Impact Statement GHG greenhouse gas gm/cm3 grams per cubic centimeter gpd gallons per day gpm gallons per minute ha Hectare HABs harmful algal blooms HABS Historic American Building Survey HAER Historic American Engineering Record HFIR high flux isotope reactor HLW high-level waste HPA Habitat Protection Area hr hour HRCQ highway route controlled quantity HSP Health and Safety Plan HSV Huntsville International Airport HUC Hydrologic Unit Code HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning HWEL Headwater Elevation I- Interstate IC Intact Containment in. inches IPPP Integrated Pollution Prevention Plans ISFSI independent spent fuel storage installation xxxv Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

ISL in-situ leaching IUs Industrial Users JFD Joint Frequency Distributions KAT Knoxville Area Transit Kg kilograms kg/ha/mo kilograms per hectare per month kg/km2-mo kilograms per square kilometer per month km kilometer KOP Key Observation Points kV kilovolt kWh kilowatt-hour LCD Local Climatological Data LiDAR Light Detection and Ranging LLRW low level radioactive waste LLW low-level waste LMDCT Linear mechanical draft cooling towers LOCA loss of coolant accidents LOS Level of Service LPZ low-population zone LWR light water reactor ly/min Langleys per minute m meter m/s meters per second m3 Meters cubed mA milliamperes MBtu Million British Thermal Units MCL maximum contaminant levels MEI maximally exposed individual mg/L milligrams per liter mgd million gallons per day mi mile MMT million metric tons mph miles per hour mrad millirads mrem millirem MSA Metropolitan Statistical Area msl above mean Sea Level MT metric ton MTU metric ton of uranium mVolts millivolts MW megawatts xxxvi Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

MWd megawatt-days MWe megawatt electric MWh megawatt hours MWt megawatt thermal N2O nitrous oxide Na Sodium NAA nonattainment area NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NaCl sodium chloride NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 NAWQA National Water-Quality Assessment Program NCA National Climate Assessment NCDC National Climatic Data Center NEI Nuclear Energy Institute NEPA National Environment Policy Act NERP National Environmental Research Park NESC National Electrical Safety Code NGVD29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 NLCD National Land Cover Database NO2 nitrogen dioxide NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOI Notice of Intent NOx nitrogen oxide NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRC U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRHD National Register Historic District NRHP National Register of Historic Places NSA Naval Support Activity NSR New Source Review NSSS nuclear steam supply system NTU nephelometric turbidity units NWI National Wetland Inventory NWR National Wildlife Refuge NWS National Weather Service O&G Oil and Grease O&M Operating and Maintenance O3 ozone ODCM Offsite Does Calculation ORFD Oak Ridge Fire Department ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory xxxvii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

ORR Oak Ridge Reservation OSCS Oriented Spray Cooling System PA Programmatic Agreement Pb Lead PBA power block area PCB polychloriniated biphenyls Percent g acceleration due to gravity PGA peak ground acceleration PM particulate matter PM10 particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 microns PM2.5 particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 microns PMF Probable Maximum flood PPD presidential policy directive PPE plant parameter envelope ppm parts per million PRA probabilistic risk assessment PSAR Preliminary Safety Analysis Report PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration psi Pounds Per Square Inch PWR pressurized water reactors Qc Colluvium Qha Holocene alluvium RAC Remote Access Computer RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REMP Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program RG Regulatory Guide RIMS II Regional Input-Output Modeling System RM Road Miles Rn-222 Radon-222 ROS Reservoir Operations Study ROW Right of Way RTDs Resistance temperature detectors RV Recreational Vehicle Ryr reactor year s second SACTI Seasonal and Annual Cooling Tower Impact SCRAM Support Center for Regulatory Atmosphere Modeling SDWIS Safe Drinking Water Information System SHPO State Historic Preservation Officer SI subsurface investigation SMR Small Modular Reactor xxxviii Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

SMZ Streamside management zones SNA State Natural Area SO2 sulfur dioxide SOx sulfur oxide SPCC Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures sq square SSAR Site Safety Analysis Report SSC structures, systems, and components SSE south-southeast Sv person sievert SVOC semivolatile organic compound SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TAC Texas Administrative Code Tc-99 Technetium-99 TCA Tennessee Code Annotated TDEC Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation TDOH Tennessee Department of Health TDOT Tennessee Department of Transportation TEDE Total Effective Dose Equivalent TLD thermoluminescent dosimeters TN Tennessee State Highway TRM Tennessee River Mile TROC temperature rate of change TRU transuranic TSS Total Suspended Solids TVA Tennessee Valley Authority TWPC TRU waste processing center TWRA Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency U-235 Uranium -235 U-238 Uranium-238 U3O8 Uranium Oxide U3O8e Uranium Oxide equivalent UF6 Uranium Hexafluoride UFC Uranium fuel cycle UHS Ultimate Heat Sink UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UO2 Uranium Dioxide UPF Uranium Processing Facility USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers USC U.S. Code USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture xxxix Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (CONTINUED)

USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS U.S. Geological Survey VES visual and aural encounter surveys VOCs volatile organic compounds WMA Wildlife Management Area WSEL Water Surface Elevation WWC wet-weather conveyances X/Q atmospheric dispersion factors yr year xl Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT This Environmental Report (ER) is prepared and submitted as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) application for an Early Site Permit (ESP) under Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR) Part 52 for the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site in Oak Ridge, Roane County, Tennessee. The ESP would represent U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval of the CRN site for new nuclear power units demonstrating small modular reactor (SMR) technology. This is separate from the filing of a combined license application (COLA) for such a facility. The site location is shown in Figure 1.1-1. In accordance with NRC regulations, TVA has prepared this ER to analyze the environmental effects of construction, operation, and decommissioning of two or more SMRs at the CRN Site. The NRC uses this ER to develop an Environmental Impact Statement to meet the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) for federal agencies to consider the environmental effects of their action (e.g.,

issuance of an ESP).

1.1 THE PROPOSED ACTION The proposed federal action is the NRC issuance, under the provisions of 10 CFR Part 52, of an ESP to TVA approving the CRN Site as a suitable site for future demonstration of the construction and operation of two or more SMRs. In this ESP application (ESPA), TVA identifies a proposed site suitable for deployment of two or more SMRs. The SMR technology is designed with inherent enhanced safety and security features. SMR deployment will demonstrate that the technology is capable of incrementally supplying clean, secure, reliable power that is less vulnerable to disruption to facilities owned by federal agencies (e.g., U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), TVA, etc.).

This ER provides an analysis of the effects on the environment from site preparation, construction, operation, and decommissioning of two or more SMRs at the CRN Site. The proposed action does not include any decision or approval to build the facility. As TVA is not requesting limited work authorization as part of this ESPA, an NRC-issued combined license (COL) is required prior to initiation of construction.

1.1.1 Purpose and Need The purpose and need for the NRC proposed action, issuance of the ESP, is to provide for early resolution of site safety and environmental issues, which provides stability in the licensing process.

TVA proposes to deploy two or more SMRs with a maximum total electrical output of 800 megawatt electric (MWe) for the site, to demonstrate the capability of SMR technology. SMRs provide the benefits of nuclear-generated power in situations where large nuclear units, with an approximate electrical output exceeding 1000 MWe, are not practical, because of transmission system constraints, limited space or water availability, or constraints on the availability of capital for construction and operation.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report In 2009, Executive Order (EO) 13514 was issued on Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance. EO 13514 directed all Federal Agencies to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 28% by 2020 (Reference 1-1). This was followed by EO 13693 (March 2015), Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade (Reference 1-2),

which called for further reduction of Federal facility GHG emissions to 40 percent by 2025, and identified SMRs as one of the alternative energy options for meeting clean energy goals.

In 2013, Executive Order (EO) 13636 was issued on Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity and Presidential Policy Directive (PPD) 21 on Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience (Reference 1-3). EO 13636 and PPD-21 are designed to strengthen the security and resilience of critical infrastructure against evolving threats and hazards.

TVA and DOE, based on a Memorandum of Understanding, began working together to explore various options under which TVA could license, construct, operate, and maintain two or more SMR units (Reference 1-4).

By letter dated February 17, 2016, DOE expressed its support to TVA for the development and licensing of SMRs as a means to meet DOE goals of improving the environmental, economic, and energy security outlook for the United States (Reference 1-5). DOE believes that SMR deployment near federal facilities could provide enhanced reliability and other benefits, by providing continued operation during a widespread and extended loss of the electrical power grid, meeting reliability needs with clean energy that supports carbon reduction directives. DOE specifically requested TVA to assess, as a part of the deployment project planning and licensing process, the ability of SMRs to continue to supply electricity to nearby offsite customers during a disruption to offsite power supplies. This includes electricity transmission to those customers in a manner less vulnerable to intentional destructive acts and natural phenomena that could disrupt the power supply.

The main objectives of the Clinch River (CR) SMR Project are to demonstrate that:

  • Power generated by SMRs could be used for addressing critical energy security issues.

Their use on or immediately adjacent to DoD or DOE facilities, using robust transmission (e.g., armored transformers, underground transmission), could address national security needs by providing reliable electric power in the event of a major grid disruption. A more reliable electric power supply could be accomplished by the SMR operation in power island mode with robust transmission to critical facilities. In addition, intentional destructive acts (e.g., terrorist attacks) and natural phenomena (e.g., tornadoes, floods, etc.) could disrupt the grid and the ability to restore most generation sources. SMRs can provide reliable energy for extended operation. Because nuclear reactors require fuel replenishment less frequently than other power generation sources (coal, gas, wind and solar), SMRs are less vulnerable to interruptions of fuel supply and delivery systems. TVA could demonstrate this power islanding and secure supply concept as part of the CR SMR project by utilizing controls, switching, and transmission capabilities to disconnect the SMR power plant from the electrical grid while maintaining power from the SMR power plant to a specified DOE 1-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report power need. Such a demonstration would show that SMR technology is capable of supplying reliable power that is less vulnerable to disruption from intentional destructive acts and natural phenomena.

  • SMR technology can assist federal facilities with meeting carbon reduction objectives.

Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions account for more than 80 percent of GHG emissions in the United States (Reference 1-6). Studies show that on average coal combustion generates approximately 894-975 grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour (g/kWh) of electricity generated. Natural gas generates an estimated 450-519 g/kWh. Nuclear power emission rates have been calculated to range from 6 - 26 g/kWh. (Reference 1-7)

  • SMR design features include underground containment and inherent safe-shutdown features, longer station blackout coping time without external intervention, and core and spent fuel pool cooling without the need for active heat removal. These key features advance safety by eliminating several design basis accident scenarios. Development of a security-informed design efficiently provides the same or better protection against the threats large reactors must consider. Physical security is designed into the SMR plant architecture, incorporating lessons learned from significant shifts in security posture since 2001, and the opportunity to build more inherently secure features into the initial design.
  • SMR power generating facilities are designed to be deployed in an incremental fashion to meet the power generation needs of a service area. Generating capacity can be added in increments to match load growth projections. For the CR SMR project, two or more SMRs would be constructed and brought into operation incrementally to achieve up to 800 MWe.

1.1.2 Proposed Project This subsection provides a brief description of the proposed project, the applicant and owner, the site location, the selected reactor types and other plant design features, preapplication public participation activities, and major project activity dates.

1.1.2.1 The Applicant and Owner TVA is the applicant and owner and sole point of contact with the NRC in all matters related to this ESPA. TVA is a corporate agency of the United States that provides electricity for business customers and local power distributors serving 9 million people in parts of seven southeastern states. As authorized by the Tennessee Valley Authority Act, TVA is committed to maintaining a national leadership role in technological innovation (Reference 1-8). Innovation is a part of the agency's mission as set forth by the TVA Act, and an important element of its mission to be a leader in the generation of affordable, clean power and a conservator of the Tennessee Valley's precious natural resources. Compared to a large nuclear plant, small modular reactors offer advantages in enhanced safety, less construction time and reduced expenditures. TVA's work on a deployment of this technology demonstrates its leadership in a movement toward cleaner, lower-cost, and more reliable electricity for our customers.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 1.1.2.2 Site Location The CRN Site is located on the northern bank of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir in Oak Ridge, Roane County, Tennessee from approximately Clinch River Mile (CRM) 19 to approximately CRM 14.5 (Reference 1-9). The CRN Site is approximately 7 miles (mi) east of Kingston, Tennessee and approximately 25 mi west-southwest of Knoxville, Tennessee. Figure 1.1-1 shows the location of the CRN Site. Additional information regarding the CRN Site location is provided in Section 2.1, Site Location.

1.1.2.3 Reactor Information This ESPA is intended to demonstrate the suitability of the CRN Site for the deployment of two or more SMRs to demonstrate the capability of SMR technology. TVA has not yet selected a specific SMR technology. However, the design characteristics of four SMR designs under consideration were used to develop a plant parameter envelope (PPE) to describe the proposed plant. Additional information regarding the description of the PPE is provided in Section 3.1, External Appearance and Plant Layout. An SMR is a nuclear power generating unit with an electrical output of no more than 300 MWe, which is considerably less than the electrical output of approximately 1000 MWe provided by a typical commercial reactor in the United States.

SMRs are manufactured in factories as large, fabricated components and shipped to the facility site. Therefore, less onsite construction is required for installation of SMRs than for installation of a typical commercial reactor. SMRs may provide the benefits of nuclear-generated power in situations where large nuclear units are not practical because of transmission system constraints, limited space or water availability, or limited available capital for construction and operation. Additional information regarding SMRs is provided in Section 3.2, Reactor Power Conversion System.

1.1.2.4 Cooling System Information The SMRs being considered for deployment at the CRN Site use a recirculating (closed-cycle) cooling water system. Mechanical draft cooling towers are most suitable for use at the CRN Site. A new shoreline intake structure would supply makeup water from the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir to the facility. A new discharge structure located downstream of the intake structure would convey cooling tower blowdown and other planned discharges to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. Additional information regarding the cooling system is provided in Section 3.4, Cooling System.

1.1.2.5 Transmission System Information The CRN Site would be served by a new 500-kilovolt (kV) switchyard. The Watts Bar NP-Bull Run FP 500 kV line is to be looped in with approximately 0.7 mi of double circuit transmission line. In addition, a new 161-kV switchyard may be constructed for auxiliary station service and looped in to the Kingston FP-Fort Loudoun HP#1 161-kV transmission line with approximately 0.2 mi of double circuit transmission line. Additional transmission system upgrades would be 1-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report required to support the added generation capacity to the system. A portion of the Kingston FP -

Fort Loudoun HP #1 161-kV transmission line is to be relocated within the CRN Site.

A new 69-kV underground transmission line (approximately 5 mi) could be constructed to connect the CRN Site switchyard via 500 kV to 69 kV transformers to the Bethel Valley Substation. This 69-kV transmission line would follow the existing Watts Bar NP - Bull Run FP 500-kV transmission line corridor on DOE property.

Additional information regarding the transmission system is provided in Section 3.7, Power Transmission System.

1.1.2.6 Preapplication Public Involvement The possibility of deployment of SMRs at the CRN Site and SMR development in general has been publicized widely in the local and national press, trade journals, electronic media, and professional conferences. NRC and TVA have participated in numerous preapplication public meetings at NRC headquarters in Rockville, Maryland. These meetings have occurred since 2010 and covered various technical topics, including regulatory framework meetings that preceded TVAs change from a construction permit application to an ESPA in 2014. At the time of submittal of the application, no public outreach meetings specifically designed to comply with NEPA requirements have been conducted.

1.1.2.7 Construction Start Date The ESP does not constitute a decision or approval to build new units. A limited work authorization application under NRC regulation 10 CFR 50.10 is not included with this ESPA.

At this time, TVA has not established a date for preconstruction activities. It is estimated that site preparation activities (preconstruction) will take between 6 and 18 months to complete.

Based on estimates provided by the reactor vendors, assuming that appropriate licenses are obtained, actual construction of the SMR units is expected to take between three and five years.

1.2 STATUS OF REVIEWS, APPROVALS AND CONSULTATIONS Numerous federal, state, regional, and local and affected Native American tribal agencies environmental protection licenses, permits, reviews, approvals, and/or consultations (collectively referred to as authorizations) are required to support the preconstruction, construction, and operation phases of the project. Tables 1.2-1 and 1.2-2 identify, for each authorization, the following information:

  • Permit/authorization
  • Responsible agency
  • Applicable law, ordinance, or regulation 1-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Principal environmental factors covered by the authorization Appropriate consultations with federal, state, and local agencies have been initiated. However, authorizations from federal, state, and local authorities for construction and operation are not yet necessary because an ESP is limited to establishing the acceptability of the CRN Site for future development. TVA plans to apply for and receive any required authorizations prior to initiating preconstruction, construction, and operational activities. The following subsections describe the activities to be authorized.

1.2.1 ESP Issuance The following statutes summarize the agency consultations necessary for the ESP. Table 1.2-1 lists ESP authorizations required prior to NRC issuance of an ESP.

Endangered Species Act: The Endangered Species Act requires federal agencies to ensure that agency action is not likely to jeopardize any species that is listed or proposed for listing as endangered or threatened. The Endangered Species Act requires consultation with the U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). In addition, as a matter of policy, the NRC consults with states regarding state-protected species.

National Historic Preservation Act: The National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies having the authority to license any major federal action, prior to issuing the license, to take into account the effect of the undertaking on historic properties and to afford the Advisory Committee on Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on the undertaking. Committee regulations provide for establishing an agreement with any State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) to substitute state review for Committee review (36 CFR 800.7). The NRC consults with the Tennessee SHPO.

Coastal Zone Management Act: The Federal Coastal Zone Management Act imposes requirements on applicants for a federal license to conduct an activity that could affect a states coastal zone. The Coastal Zone Management Act requires the applicant to certify to the licensing agency that the proposed activity is consistent with the states federally-approved coastal zone management program. Tennessee does not have any coastal barrier resource areas; therefore no action is required.

Clean Air Act: The Clean Air Act imposes regulatory requirements on federally-licensed projects where construction and operation may have an impact on state and regional air quality. The portion of Roane County in which the CRN Site is located is in attainment for all air pollutants.

The NRC consults with the Tennessee Department of Environmental Control (TDEC) Division of Air Pollution Control on nonattainment issues.

Clean Water Act/Rivers and Harbors Act: The Clean Water Act requires that federal agencies consider the potential impacts to jurisdictional waters of the United States. Section 401 of this Act regulates the issuance of a Water Quality Certification, Section 402 regulates point source and non-point source discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, 1-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report and Section 404 regulates the placement of fill in waters of the United States. The U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulates dredge and fill activities in navigable waters pursuant to Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act. As a matter of policy, the NRC consults with the USACE and TDEC regarding potential impacts to waters of the United States.

1.2.2 Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Permits and authorizations for future construction and operation of two or more SMRs are to be obtained in accordance with applicable statutes and regulations. Applications for these authorizations are to be developed after a reactor technology has been selected and detailed design is initiated. Table 1.2-2 lists authorizations that are anticipated for preconstruction, construction, and operation of two or more SMRs.

1.3 METHODOLOGY NRC regulation 10 CFR 52.17(a)(2), Contents of Applications; Technical Information, specifies the contents of an ER for an ESPA. Regulatory Guide (RG) 4.2, Preparation of Environmental Reports for Nuclear Power Stations, Revision 2, July 1976, provides guidance to applicants preparing ERs for nuclear power stations. NUREG-1555, Standard Review Plans for Environmental Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants: Environmental Standard Review Plan, provides guidance to the NRC staff when conducting environmental reviews of applications related to nuclear power plants. Attachment 3 of NRCs Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Review Standard (RS) -002, Processing Applications for Early Site Permits provides guidance to NRC staff when conducting environmental reviews associated with ESPs.

In preparing this ER, TVA used NUREG-1555 and RS-002 for guidance in establishing the format and content of its ER and NRC RG 4.2 for guidance on the preparation of the ER. Table 1.3-1 lists regulatory requirements and where in the ER each requirement is addressed.

1.4 REFERENCES

Reference 1-1. The White House, "Executive Order 13514: Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance," The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, EO 13514, October 5, 2009.

Reference 1-2. The White House, "Executive Order 13693 - Planning for Federal Sustainability in the Next Decade," EO 13693, March 19, 2015.

Reference 1-3. The White House, "Executive Order 13636 - Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity," EO 13636, February 19, 2013.

Reference 1-4. Tennessee Valley Authority and U.S. Department of Energy, "Memorandum of Understanding: Construction of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors and Power Supply Arrangements," May 31, 2012.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 1-5. U.S. Department of Energy, Secure Supply of Electricity from SMRs to Oak Ridge Facilities, February 17, 2016.

Reference 1-6. U.S. Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the U.S., Website: http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/ghg_report/ghg_carbon.cfm, March 31, 2011.

Reference 1-7. World Nuclear Association, Energy Balances and CO2 Implications, Website:

http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Energy-and-Environment/Energy-Balances-and-CO2-Implications/, March, 2014.

Reference 1-8. United States Congress, "Tennessee Valley Authority Act," 1933.

Reference 1-9. Watts Bar - Clinch Watershed Team, Final Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 4; Alternative B "Preferred", January 23, 2009.

Reference 1-10. Not used.

1-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-1 Consultations Required for Early Site Permit Agency Authority Requirement Activity Covered USFWS Endangered Species Consultation regarding Concurrence with no Act , 16 U.S. Code potential to adversely adverse effect or (USC) 1536 affect protected non- consultation on appropriate marine species. mitigation measures.

Bald and Golden Consultation regarding Concurrence with no Eagle Protection Act, potential to adversely adverse effect or 16 USC 668-668c affect bald eagles. consultation on appropriate mitigation measures.

TDEC - Division Rare Species Consultation regarding Concurrence with no of Natural Protection and potential to adversely adverse effect or Heritage and Conservation Act, TN affect protected species. consultation on appropriate Tennessee Code §70-8-101 mitigation measures.

Wildlife Resources Agency Tennessee National Historic Consultation with Confirm that site Historical Preservation Act, 16 Tennessee SHPO construction and operation Commission USC 470 et seq. regarding potential to activities would not affect adversely affect historic protected historic resources resources. or would be mitigated if unavoidable.

Tennessee National Historic Section 106 Complete Tennessee SHPO Historical Preservation Act 36 Review: Consultation with Initial Review Request Commission CFR Part 800 SHPO to determine Checklist.

National Register of Historic Places listing of property.

TDEC - Division Clean Air Act, USC Consultation regarding Concurrence with no of Air Pollution 42 et seq. potential adverse effects adverse effect or Control on ozone standards. consultation on appropriate mitigation measures.

USACE Federal Clean Water Consultation regarding Concurrence with no Act, 33 CFR 330 potential to adverse adverse effect or Rivers and Harbors effects on waters of the consultation on appropriate Act, 33 USC 403 United States. mitigation measures.

1-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-2 (Sheet 1 of 5)

Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Agency Authority Requirement Activity Covered NRC Atomic Energy and Energy ESP and COL or Limited Work Site Licensing, including safety-related construction Reorganization Acts Authorization, in addition to activities and operation of a nuclear power facility 10 CFR 52 Subpart C or applicable By-Product License, 10 CFR 50.10(e)(1) Source Material License, and Special Nuclear Material License Federal Aviation Federal Aviation Act Construction Notice Notice of erection of structures greater than 200 feet high Administration 49 USC 1501; 14 CFR 77 that potentially may affect air navigation.

U.S. Department of Hazardous Material Transportation Certificate of Registration Transportation of hazardous materials.

Transportation Act (DOT) 49 CFR 107 Subpart G Tennessee TCA 54-5-302 Entrance Permits This includes ramps, driveways, and other access points.

Department of Requires traffic studies and engineering designs to show Transportation design and potential impacts of proposed changes (TDOT)

TDOT TCA 54-5-302 Right-of-way (ROW) permit Required for installing utilities in highway ROWs.

USACE Clean Water Act Section 404 Permit Disturbance, crossing or filling-in of wetland areas or 33 CFR 323 and 330 navigable waters from site.

Rivers and Harbors Act Section 10 Permit Construction and maintenance of intake, discharge and 33 USC 403 barge structures in navigable waters of the United States.

U.S. Coast Guard Ports and Waterways Safety Act 33 Private Aids to Navigation Permit Construction of discharge pipeline in navigable waters.

USC 1221, et seq.

U.S. Environmental Resource Conservation and Acknowledgement of Notification of Hazardous Waste Generation Protection Agency Recovery Act, Section 3010 Hazardous Waste Activity (EPA) and TDEC EPA Facility Response Plan (40 Facility Response Plan Approval Spill/Discharge Response Program CFR 9 and 112), and the EPA Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan Spill Prevention, Control and SPCC/Integrated Pollution Spill/Discharge Prevention Plan Countermeasures (SPCC) rule (40 Prevention (IPP) Plan CFR 112), Appendix F, Sections 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 1-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-2 (Sheet 2 of 5)

Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Agency Authority Requirement Activity Covered USFWS Endangered Species Act Section 7 Consultation/Biological Evaluation of effects on listed species.

(16 USC 1536) Assessment USFWS Migratory Bird Act/Executive Order Responsibility of Federal Agencies TVA is exempt from the Act requirements, but complies 13186 to Protect Migratory Birds voluntarily. TVA is subject to the Executive Order City of Oak Ridge Site Plan Approval Coordination with the Planning Board and/or Zoning Board of Adjustment for development of the site in compliance with city ordinances.

Flood Encroachment Permit / Compliance With City of Oak Ridge Zoning Article IX Floodplain Permit Special Districts 9.08 a, b, c Floodway Districts, Floodway Fringe Area. Mostly covered in Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan and grading permit.

Sanitary Sewer connection Compliance with the City Industrial Pre-treatment Program if required, or connection to the City Waste Water Treatment System Potable Water A potable water line on the SMR Site would tap into the existing City of Oak Ridge water line on Bear Creek Road. If the existing waterline has to be extended for TVA, additional planning and approvals would be necessary by the city.

Construction Permits Construction of the new plant facilities in compliance with city ordinances.

1-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-2 (Sheet 3 of 5)

Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Agency Authority Requirement Activity Covered TDEC Federal Clean Water Act Notice of Intent (NOI) for coverage Compliance with federal and state water quality (33 USC 1251 et seq.) and under an Individual National standards, discharges to waters of the state due to Tennessee Code Annotated (TCA) Pollution Discharge Elimination construction of the new plant, switchyards, and

§ 69-3-108: Tennessee Water System (NPDES) Permit for transmission lines (aboveground and underground).

Quality Control Act of 1977 stormwater discharges associated Construction/operation of stormwater control measures with construction activities. (detention basins, etc.). Provided that pollution prevention measures are implemented, the construction general permit covers discharges associated with:

  • Construction activities
  • Construction support activities (e.g., concrete or asphalt batch plants, equipment staging yards, material storage areas, excavated material disposal areas, borrow areas)
  • Dewatering of work areas of collected stormwater and groundwater
  • Water used to wash vehicles
  • Water used to control dust
  • Routine building washdown
  • Uncontaminated groundwater
  • Unpolluted foundation or footing drains Appropriate dewatering controls include, but are not limited to: weir tank, dewatering tank, gravity bag filter, sand media particulate filter, pressurized bag filter, cartridge filter or other control units providing the level of treatment necessary to comply with permit requirements.

1-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-2 (Sheet 4 of 5)

Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities TDEC (continued) Federal Clean Water Act Stormwater Pollution Prevention Compliance with federal and state water quality (33 USC 1251 et seq.) and TCA § Plan, to include Common Plan of standards, discharges to waters of the state due to 69-3-108: Tennessee Water Development, Soil Erosion and construction of the new plant, switchyards, and Quality Control Act of 1977 Sediment Control Plan (structural transmission lines (aboveground and underground).

(continued) control measures, engineering design of sediment basin/controls for projects 10 acres or greater),

etc.

Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir water required for alterations of a stream required for cooling purposes. Portions of the new plant or wetland, including diversion of site, proposed causeway, switchyards, and onsite and surface waters of the state. potential offsite transmission lines may be located in freshwater wetlands and transitional areas.

NPDES Industrial Stormwater Cooling water, service water, and stormwater runoff General Permit for plant operation discharge from plant operations.

activities; EPA Application Forms 2D (Application for Permit to Discharge Process Wastewater) and 2F (Application for Permit to Discharge Stormwater Discharges Associated with Industrial Activity)

NOI for NPDES General Permit of Point source discharges of pesticides used for mosquito Discharges from the Application of and other flying insect pest control, weed and algae Pesticides (TNP100000) control, animal pest control, and forest canopy pest control to waters of the state.

Sanitary Waste Water - Portable Must use licensed wastewater hauler Facilities Permanent Sanitary Waste Water Connect to Waste Water Treatment Plant TCA §§ 69-7-301, et seq. Water Resources Notification; Surface water or groundwater withdrawal of an average of Water Withdrawal Registration 10,000 gallons or more per day.

Federal Clean Air Act, 42 USC Title V Operating Permit; Discharge of air pollutants from cooling tower(s),

7401 Prevention of Significant emergency generators, auxiliary boiler(s), and ancillary Deterioration Preconstruction equipment.

Permit 1-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.2-2 (Sheet 5 of 5)

Authorizations Required for Preconstruction, Construction, and Operation Activities Agency Authority Requirement Activity Covered Texas Department 25 Texas Administrative Code Emergency Plan for the response to an Transportation of low level radioactive waste (LLRW) of State Health (TAC) §289.252 "Licensing of accident or incident involving shipments of to the Texas Disposal Facility.

Services , Radioactive Material" radioactive waste. Proof of financial Radiation Control responsibility such as insurance that the Program, carrier has in order to comply with DOT Radiation Safety requirements.

Licensing Branch 25 TAC §289.257 "Packaging and Provide list of approved shipping Shipping of LLRW to the Texas Disposal Facility.

Transportation of Radioactive containers along with their certificates of Material" compliance or other certifying documentation. For a shipper that manufactures their own containers they must submit their quality assurance procedures.

TDEC Division of TCA § 68-23-212; TDEC Rule Obtain a License-for-Delivery from the Transportation of radioactive waste within the State of Radiological 0400-20-10-.32 DRH (Form RHS 8-30). Persons whose Tennessee to a disposal/processing facility.

Health (DRH) activities result in the generation of radioactive waste have the primary responsibility to assure that a License-for-Delivery is obtained.

TN State Historic Section 106 of the National Historic As a Federal agency, TVA is required to Protection of archaeological and historical resources.

Preservation Office Preservation Act comply with Section 106 of the NHPA, (SHPO) Tribal which includes SHPO/TPO, and Preservation identification of potentially affected Officer (TPO) resources, i.e., a site survey.

1-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.3-1 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Environmental Report Responses to Early Site Permit Regulatory Requirements 1

No. Regulatory Requirement (10 CFR) Responsive Environmental Report Section 1 51.45(a), Signed original Transmittal letter 2 51.45(b), Description of proposed action Chapter 3, Plant Description 3 51.45(b), Statement of purpose of Section 1.1, The Proposed Project proposed action 4 51.45(b), Description of environment Chapter 2, Environmental Description affected by proposed action 5 51.45(b)(1) and 51.50(b), Environmental Chapter 4, Environmental Impacts of Construction; impact of proposed action Chapter 5, Environmental Impacts of Station Operation; Chapter 7, Environmental Impact of Postulated Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials; and Chapter 10, Environmental Consequences of the Proposed Action 6 51.45(b)(2), Unavoidable adverse impacts Section 10.1, Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Impacts 7 51.45(b)(3), Alternatives to proposed Chapter 9, Alternatives to the Proposed Action action 8 51.45(b)(4), Relationship between short- Section 10.3, Relationship Between Short-Term Uses and term use and long-term productivity Long-Term Productivity of the Human Environment 9 51.45(b)(5), Irreversible and irretrievable Section 10.2, Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitments commitments of resources of Resources 10 51.45(c) and 51.50(b), Comparison of Chapter 4, Environmental Impacts of Construction; environmental effects of proposed action Chapter 5, Environmental Impacts of Station Operation; and alternatives Chapter 7, Environmental Impact of Postulated Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials; Chapter 10, Environmental Consequences of the Proposed Action; and Chapter 9, Alternatives to the Proposed Action 11 51.45(c), Description of impacts of the Chapter 4, Environmental Impacts of Construction preconstruction activities 12 51.45(c), Alternatives for reducing or Section 4.6, Measures and Controls to Limit Adverse avoiding adverse environmental impacts Impacts During Construction; and Section 5.10, Measures and Controls to Limit Adverse Impacts During Operation 13 51.45(d), Federal permits and other Section 1.2, Status of Reviews, Approvals, and entitlements and status of compliance Consultations 14 51.45(d), Compliance with federal and Section 1.2, Status of Reviews, Approvals, and other environmental quality standards and Consultations requirements 15 51.45(d) and 51.50(b), Compliance for Section 9.3, Alternative Sites alternatives 16 51.45(e), Adverse information Section 10.1, Unavoidable Adverse Environmental Impacts 17 51.50(a), 51.50(b) and 51.51(a), Uranium Section 5.7, Uranium Fuel Cycle and Transportation fuel cycle Impacts 1-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 1.3-1 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Environmental Report Responses to Early Site Permit Regulatory Requirements 1

No. Regulatory Requirement (10 CFR) Responsive Environmental Report Section 18 51.50(a) and 51.52, Fuel and waste Section 3.8, Transportation of Radioactive Materials transportation and Section 7.4, Transportation Accidents 19 51.50(a) and 51.50(b), Reporting and record Chapter 6, Environmental Measurements and keeping procedures Monitoring Programs 20 51.50(a) and 51.50(b), Conditions and Chapter 6, Environmental Measurements and monitoring Monitoring Programs 1

10 CFR 51.45, 10 CFR 51.50, 10 CFR 51.51, and 10 CFR 51.52 1-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Lone Mountain y Campbell County £ 441 U V61 U

V61 Scott County Lake City Union County Norris U V170 Condon

£ Rosedale Briceville U

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Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Roads, U.S. Census Bureau; McMinn County Miles Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; Railroads, ESRI Railroads; Cities/City Boundaries, ESRI 72 City; 0 3 6 12 Airports, Google Earth Pro Kentucky Legend Missouri Virginia Cities Counties Interstate Site Tennessee CRN Site Rivers and Lakes Highway North Carolina City/Town Boundaries Railroad Major Road Mississippi Alabama Georgia South Carolina o Airports Bear Creek Road Figure 1.1-1. CRN Site Location Map 1-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL DESCRIPTION Chapter 2 describes the existing environmental conditions at the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN)

Site, vicinity, and region. The environmental descriptions provide sufficient detail to identify those environmental resources that have the potential to be affected by the construction, operation, or decommissioning of two or more Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The level of detail is commensurate with level of information associated with an Early Site Permit Application (ESPA). This chapter is divided into eight subsections:

  • Site Location (Section 2.1)
  • Land (Section 2.2)
  • Water (Section 2.3)
  • Ecology (Section 2.4)
  • Socioeconomics (Section 2.5)
  • Geology (Section 2.6)
  • Meteorology and Air Quality (Section 2.7)
  • Noise (Section 2.8)
  • Related Federal Project Activities (Section 2.9) 2.0-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.1 SITE LOCATION The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) proposes to demonstrate that the approximately 935-acre (ac) Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site is a suitable site for the construction and operation of two or more small modular reactors (SMRs). The CRN Site is located in Roane County in eastern Tennessee. The property is owned by the federal government and is managed by TVA (Reference 2.1-1). TVA is the named applicant for the Clinch River SMR Project. The regional setting for the CRN Site is depicted in Figure 2.1-1. The CRN Site and immediate vicinity (6-mile [mi] radius) are shown in Figure 2.1-2.

The proposed site configuration, including the location of the surrogate plant as defined by the plant parameter envelope (see Subsection 3.1.2 for a description), is presented in Figure 2.1-3.

The CRN Site center point is listed in Tables 2.1-1 and 2.1-2 and shown on Figure 2.1-2. The center point of the CRN Site is located approximately 11 mi southwest of the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee business district. The center point of the CRN Site is approximately 25 mi west-southwest of downtown Knoxville, Tennessee; 24 mi west-northwest of Maryville/Alcoa, Tennessee; and 30 mi north-northeast of Athens, Tennessee. (Reference 2.1-2; Reference 2.1-3)

The nearest population center to the CRN Site, as defined by Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations 100.3, is the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Site is located within the Oak Ridge city limits. The City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee is also the largest city whose boundary lines are located within 10 mi of the CRN Site. (Reference 2.1-4; Reference 2.1-3)

Although the urbanized area of Oak Ridge, Tennessee is within 10 mi north of the CRN Site, the majority of the citys incorporated area within the 10-mi radius of the CRN Site is occupied by federally-owned land, including the U.S. Department of Energys (DOEs) Oak Ridge Reservation. The next closest communities from the center point of the CRN Site are the cities of Kingston, Tennessee (7.2 mi to the west) and Lenoir City, Tennessee (approximately 8.9 mi to the southeast). Oak Ridge, Tennessee is the only urbanized area located within the CRN Site vicinity (6-mi radius). (Reference 2.1-3)

A principal arterial, Interstate 40, is located south of the CRN Site as shown in Figure 2.1-1. Two rural, principal arterials frame the CRN Site on the north as shown in Figure 2.1-2. Tennessee State Highway (TN) 58 is located northwest of the CRN Site and TN 95 is located to the northeast. The CRN Site is accessed from either of these roadways via Bear Creek Road. No known major roadway improvements are planned for the area. The City of Oak Ridge has supported several studies related to the possible development of a general aviation airport at the East Tennessee Technology Park (Reference 2.1-5). A rail spur (EnergySolutions Heritage Railroad) is located approximately 2.5 mi north-northwest of the center point of the CRN Site, northwest of TN 58 (Reference 2.1-6).

The CRN Site is located on a peninsula on the north shore of the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir (Figure 2.1-2), between approximately Clinch River Mile (CRM) 14.5 and CRM 19.

2.1-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report (Reference 2.1-7; Reference 2.1-8) There is an inactive DOE barge terminal at CRM 13.1, near Bear Creek Road and the TN 58 ramp approximately 1.3 mi northwest of the primary CRN Site entrance (Reference 2.1-9). A former barge terminal that was used for construction of TN 58 is located between the TN 58 bridge and the CRN Site entrance. A barge terminal was approved to be constructed in association with the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) in the 1970s and 1980s. This terminal was proposed within the CRN Site south of the mouth of Grassy Creek but was never constructed (Reference 2.1-10; Reference 2.1-11). The Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area is located adjacent to the northern boundary of the CRN Site as shown in Figure 2.1-2.

The majority of the CRN Site is within the 7.5 minute Elverton Quadrangle. The eastern portion of the site is in the Bethel Valley Quadrangle. The site is bracketed by the Petros and Windrock Quadrangles to the north, the Lovell Quadrangle to the east, the Lenoir City and Cave Creek Quadrangles to the south, and the Harriman Quadrangle to the west. (Reference 2.1-12; Reference 2.1-13) 2.1.1 References Reference 2.1-1. Executive Office of the President and Bureau of the Budget, "Order Transferring to the Tennessee Valley Authority the Use, Possession, and Control of Certain Lands from the Atomic Energy Commission WBR-1790," March 24, 1998.

Reference 2.1-2. U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census - Urbanized Area Reference Map:

Knoxville, TN," March 10, 2012.

Reference 2.1-3. Enercon, Figure 1: Site Vicinity Map, Prepared for Tennessee Valley Authority, February 13, 2013.

Reference 2.1-4. U.S. Census Bureau, State and County QuickFacts, Oak Ridge, TN, Website:

http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4755120.html, January 10, 2013.

Reference 2.1-5. City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 2013 State and Federal Legislative Agenda, Website: http://www.oakridgetn.gov/images/uploads/Documents/Featured%20Projects/

2013%20State%20%20Federal%20Agenda%20final.pdf, January 14, 2013.

Reference 2.1-6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Clinch River NEPAssist, Railroads Map," 2013.

Reference 2.1-7. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Final Environmental Impact Statement Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, and Roane Counties, Tennessee," February, 2009.

Reference 2.1-8. Watts Bar - Clinch Watershed Team, Final Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 4; Alternative B "Preferred", January 23, 2009.

2.1-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.1-9. Tennessee Valley Authority, Tennessee and Cumberland River Terminal Directory, Website: http://www.tva.com/river/navigation/pdf/terminal_list.pdf, 2013.

Reference 2.1-10. U.S. Department of Energy, Tennessee Valley Authority, and Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant DOE/TVA/PMC Site Redress Planning Task Force Report," January, 1984.

Reference 2.1-11. Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Environmental Report Volume II," 1982.

Reference 2.1-12. U.S. Geological Survey, Elverton Quadrangle Tennessee 7.5-Minute Series, 2013.

Reference 2.1-13. U.S. Geological Survey, Bethel Valley Quadrangle Tennessee 7.5-Minute Series, 2013.

2.1-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.1-1 CRN Site Center Point in Longitude and Latitude (Decimal Degrees)

Longitude Latitude

-84.380927 35.890889 Table 2.1-2 CRN Site Center Point in Tennessee State Plane Projection (NAD27 UTM Zone 16 Meters)

Easting Northing 736,407.140357 3,974,815.263382 2.1-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report umberland V U90 V

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£ National Forests and Parks, ESRI USA Federal Lands; State Boundaries, ESRI States

£ Kentucky Legend CRN Site 76 Forest Service Land

£ Interstate Missouri Virginia Cities City/Town National Park Service Highway Site Boundaries Land Tennessee North Carolina o Airports Counties Rivers and Lakes Major Road Bear Creek 50-Mile Radius State Boundaries Railroad Road South Carolina Mississippi Alabama Georgia Figure 2.1-1. CRN Site 50-Mile Regional Map 2.1-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Morgan County

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^ CRN Site Center Point Counties Oak Ridge Reservation Boundary Highway 6-Mile Radius Rivers and Lakes Clinch River Industrial Area Major Road CRN Site Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area Railroad Bear Creek Road Town/City Boundaries Recreation Areas Interstate Figure 2.1-2. CRN Site 6-Mile Vicinity Map 2.1-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.1-3. CRN Site Layout 2.1-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.2 LAND This section describes the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site and land use in the vicinity and region of the CRN Site. The CRN Site is located in Roane County in eastern Tennessee (Figure 2.1-1), and is accessible by road and river. Interstate (I-) 40 connects Knoxville and Kingston, Tennessee, and its closest point to the CRN Site is approximately 0.6 miles (mi) southeast of the nearest site boundary, across the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir (Figure 2.1-2).

Additional interstate highways in the CRN Site region include I-75, I-640, and I-140 (Figure 2.1-1). Nearby state roads include Tennessee State Highway (TN) 58, TN 95, TN 327, TN 61, TN 70, and TN 321 (Figure 2.1-2). A privately-owned rail spur (EnergySolutions Heritage Railroad) is located approximately 2.5 mi north-northwest of the center of the CRN Site, northwest of TN 58 (Reference 2.2-1). The CRN Site is accessed from TN 58 or TN 95 via Bear Creek Road (Figure 1.1-2).

2.2.1 The Site and Vicinity 2.2.1.1 The Site The center of the CRN Site is located approximately 10.7 mi southwest of the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, business district (Figure 1.1-1) and lies within the Oak Ridge city limits. The CRN Site center point is approximately 25.2 mi west-southwest of downtown Knoxville, Tennessee.

The Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir surrounds the CRN Site on the south, west, and much of the eastern sides. The majority of the CRN Site is located on a peninsula on the north bank of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, located between approximately Clinch River mile (CRM) 14.5 and CRM 19 (Reference 2.2-2). The primary entrance to the CRN Site is located adjacent to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir along Bear Creek Road (Figure 2.2-1). The emergency egress road for the CRN Site intersects with the Jones Island Road on the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR). The proposed configuration for the CRN Site is provided in Figure 2.1-3.

The Clinch River Property is the approximately 1200 acres (ac) of land adjacent to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir owned by the federal government and managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The Clinch River Property includes the CRN Site, which is approximately 935 ac, and the Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area (HPA). The Grassy Creek HPA is located north of the CRN Site as shown in Figure 2.2-1.

TVA directs the land management activities at the Clinch River Property in accordance with the Watts Bar Land Management Plan (Reference 2.2-3). TVA manages the property and mineral rights of the Clinch River Property. There are no known mineral resources, including oil and natural gas, within or adjacent to the CRN Site that are being exploited or are of any known value. The only known resource of value located within the CRN Site is limestone (which is not currently being exploited), and TVA owns the mineral rights for the CRN Site. (Reference 2.2-4) 2.2-1 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Historic property uses on the CRN Site included several small farmsteads scattered across the CRN Site and the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) (Reference 2.2-5; Reference 2.2-6). Portions of the CRN Site were disturbed during the proposed CRBRP, as described in the CRN Site Land Use and Recreation Technical Report (Reference 2.2-7). The CRN Site was selected as the location for construction of a liquid metal fast breeder reactor in 1972. Site preparation for the CRBRP began in 1982 and was nearly complete in late 1983. (Reference 2.2-8) Approximately 240 ac of the current CRN Site were disturbed during site preparation for the CRBRP (Reference 2.2-9). CRBRP site preparation activities included leveling a ridge that originally reached 880 feet (ft) above mean sea level (msl) to 780 msl, excavation of the construction area, and installation of various structures and pads (Reference 2.2-8). The excavated area totaled approximately 24 ac in extent and extended to as much as 100 ft in depth (Reference 2.2-10). Approximately three million cubic yards of earth and rock were excavated during the CRBRP site preparation. Structures installed at the CRBRP site included a cement crane pad, quality control test laboratory, construction shops, concrete batch plants, and sediment ponds. An approximately 6450 foot long 8-inch (in.) water line from the U.S.

Department of Energys (DOEs) Bear Creek Filtration Plant was also installed at the CRBRP site. (Reference 2.2-8; Reference 2.2-9) The project was terminated in late 1983 and CRBRP site redress plans were developed and implemented. Measures to stabilize the CRBRP site included reseeding of grass, and planting of trees, mulching cleared areas, installation of straw bales in shallow ditches, installation of small berms of riprap in larger ditches, installation of culverts to direct water from steep slopes, and modification of the holding ponds for long-term stability (Reference 2.2-11). Portable buildings and structures were removed from the CRBRP site with the exception of the crane pad and meteorological tower (Reference 2.2-12). The approximately 6450 foot long 8-in. water line was terminated at a hydrant and left in place (Reference 2.2-13). The 80 foot by 80 foot crane pad was left in place (Reference 2.2-9; Reference 2.2-7) The excavated area was partially backfilled in a manner to sustain site drainage. Rock bolts within the excavated area were left in place. Level areas of the CRBRP site were graded and compacted. (Reference 2.2-14) The meteorological tower was removed by TVA in October 2013 (Reference 2.2-7).

The current Clinch River Property topography includes steep hills and flat meadows as shown in Figure 2.2-1. A series of roughly parallel ridges of gradually lower elevations stretches from the Chestnut Ridge, near the CRN Site entrance and in the Grassy Creek HPA, to approximately the center of the peninsula. The ridges within the CRN Site footprint are approximately 860 to 940 msl in elevation. Several small drainages descend from these ridges to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. The southeastern portion of the peninsula is a relatively flat plateau, with an elevation of approximately 780 msl. The plateau was created during the construction activities associated with the CRBRP. A few small hills are located in this portion of the CRN Site. The large depression from previous excavation work conducted as part of the former CRBRP is also located in this area. The northeastern portion of the CRN Site consists of interspersed rolling hills and meadows. Elevations in this part of the CRN Site range from approximately 780 msl at the meadows to 940 msl at the peaks of the hills. (Reference 2.2-7) 2.2-2 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The CRN Site currently consists primarily of undeveloped land. Based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) land-cover classification standards and the 2011 National Land Cover Database (NLCD), land use and land cover on ORR Site 3 is categorized and shown in Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-2. Forested land (deciduous, evergreen, and mixed forest) accounts for approximately 48 percent of the CRN Site. Wetlands (emergent herbaceous and woody wetlands) occupy approximately 9 percent of the CRN Site. Other vegetated undeveloped land (grassland/herbaceous and shrub/scrub) occupies approximately 5 percent of the CRN Site.

Land classified as cultivated crops and pasture/hay occupy approximately 27 percent of the CRN Site. Open water and barren land occupy approximately 4 percent of the CRN Site.

Developed areas (high, medium, and low intensity, or open space) occupy approximately 7 percent of the CRN Site.

Modern soil survey data produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in which prime farmland soils are classified are not available for the CRN Site or the adjacent ORR. A 1942 Soil Survey for Roane County includes the CRN Site and ORR. The 1942 Roane County soil survey provides soil productivity classifications based on soil suitability for various uses including cropland, pasture, and forest. Figure 2.2-3 shows the soil types on and around the CRN Site.

The area previously impacted by the CRBRP excavations is shown on Figure 2.2-3. These soils have been disturbed. Table 2.2-2 lists the 1942 soil type classifications on the CRN Site and the ORR. Table 2.2-3 lists the 2009 soil types on non-federal lands in the area.

The modern prime farmland classification of soils should be similar to the first-class (good to excellent cropland) 1942 classification. There are no first-class soils within the CRN Site or in the immediate vicinity on the ORR. The only project activities using soils currently planned for the areas included in the 2009 soil survey would be the use of borrow pits for onsite fill, which are discussed in Subsection 2.2.3.

A Farmland Conversion Impact Rating (Form AD-1006) was completed by TVA in consultation with the USDAs Natural Resources Conservation Service to quantify the potential impacts to prime farmland. The impact rating considers the acreage of prime farmland to be converted, the relative abundance of prime farmland in the surrounding county, and other criteria such as distance from urban support services and built-up areas, potential effects of conversion on the local agricultural economy, and compatibility with existing agricultural use. Sites with a total score of at least 160 have the potential to adversely affect prime farmland. The impact rating score for the CRN Site was 102 points (Environmental Report Appendix A).

Limited infrastructure development and structures are present on the CRN Site. Near the center of the peninsula on the plateau, TVA has installed a gravel parking lot and several mobile trailers and support structures, for use as office and storage space. The Hensley Cemetery, a small private cemetery, is located on the south side of the peninsula along River Road (Figure 2.2-1). TVA currently does and would continue to maintain this cemetery. Family access to this cemetery is allowed and would continue to be allowed in the future. As described in Subsection 2.2.2, two power transmission lines cross the CRN Site (Reference 2.2-7).

2.2-3 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Potable water for the CRN Site is provided by the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Public Works Department. Wastewater from the site is treated by the City of Oak Ridge. Solid waste is managed by TVAs solid waste disposal vendor.

As manager of federal lands around TVA reservoirs, TVA establishes land use zones within reservoir management plans. The CRN Site zones were established under the policies set forth in the 2009 Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan and the 2011 TVA Natural Resource Plan. The majority of the CRN Site is designated as Zone 2 - Project Operations. A strip along the reservoir shoreline is designated Zone 3 - Sensitive Resource Management. The Grassy Creek HPA (adjacent to the CRN Site) is designated Zone 3 - Sensitive Resource Management/Natural Area. (Reference 2.2-3)

The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) develops Flood Insurance Rate Maps to determine which areas are Special Flood Hazard Areas subject to inundation by the 1 percent annual chance flood. FEMA defines the 1 percent annual chance flood (100-yr flood), also known as the base flood, as the flood which has a 1 percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. FEMA also maps areas of minimal flood hazard as those potentially subject to the 0.2 percent annual chance flood (500-yr flood). The majority of the CRN Site lies outside both the 1-percent annual flood and 0.2 percent annual flood zones (Figure 2.2-9). Portions of the Barge/Traffic area (on the south site of Bear Creek Road) lie within both the 1-percent and 0.2-percent annual flood zones. Flooding potential exists in the immediate vicinity of the CRN Site along the banks of the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir at elevations up to 752 ft. (Reference 2.2-30; Reference 2.2-31) 2.2.1.2 The Site Vicinity The CRN Site is located entirely within Roane County. The northwestern portion of Loudon County and part of the southwestern portion of Anderson County are included within the CRN Site vicinity, defined as a 6-mi radius from the center of the CRN Site (Figure 2.1-2).

The vicinity of the CRN Site is primarily rural, consisting of forest and pasture/hay (Figure 2.2-4).

Based on the USGS land-cover classification standards and the 2011 NLCD, land use and land cover in the CRN Site vicinity is categorized and shown in Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-4.

Forested land (deciduous, evergreen, or mixed forest) accounts for approximately 54 percent of the CRN Site vicinity. Wetlands (emergent herbaceous or woody wetlands) occupy approximately 3 percent of the CRN Site vicinity. Other vegetated undeveloped land (grassland/herbaceous or shrub/scrub) totals approximately 5 percent of the CRN Site vicinity.

Land classified as cultivated crops and pasture/hay total approximately 20 percent of the CRN Site vicinity. Open water or barren land occupy approximately 4 percent of the CRN Site vicinity.

The remaining approximately 14 percent of the CRN Site vicinity is classified as developed (high, medium, or low intensity, or open space).

Approximately 18,000 ac or 7.5 percent soils in the surveyed portions of Roane County could be considered prime farmland (Reference 2.2-15). According to the Watts Bar Reservoir Land 2.2-4 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Management Plan, which describes existing land use for TVA-managed land on Watts Bar Reservoir, including the CRN Site, there are approximately 2900 ac of prime farmland located on reservoir lands (Reference 2.2-3).

Several commercial/industrial properties are located on north of the CRN Site along Bear Creek Road in the Clinch River Industrial Park, as depicted in Figure 2.1-2. A portion of these properties are located on TVA land designated Zone 5 - Industrial. The 161-kilovolt (kV) transmission line exits the CRN Site near the entrance gate and connects with a power substation located just outside the gate (Figure 2.2-1) (Reference 2.2-7).

The CRN Site is bounded on the northeastern side by the ORR (Reference 2.2-7). Land within the ORR is used for multiple purposes. Much of the ORR is undeveloped and consists of forested areas, grasslands and old agricultural fields, bottomlands and wetlands, utility corridors, and ridges in which a number of caves are present (Reference 2.2-16). The National Environmental Research Park and the Oak Ridge State Wildlife Management Area are both located within the ORR. These areas include wildlife management and habitat management plans. (Reference 2.2-16) Facilities within the ORR currently include the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Y-12 National Security Complex, and the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP; Figure 2.1-2). Land uses surrounding the facilities include safety, security, and emergency planning zones; research and education areas; cleanup and remediation sites; environmental regulatory monitoring areas; wildlife management; biosolids land application; protection of cultural and historic resources; wildland fire prevention; land stewardship activities; restoration infrastructure; and public areas. The ORR 10-year (yr) site plan for land use management across the reservation was published in 2007. The 10-yr plan indicates that ORR will, in most cases, expand and build on current land uses. The 10-yr site plan includes the results of a 2002 land use planning focus group report. (Reference 2.2-17; Reference 2.2-18) In 2002, ORR identified potential surplus land in the northwest portion of the reservation (including areas northwest of the Clinch River Industrial Park and surrounding the ETTP). A focus group reviewed the land use planning associated with this potential surplus land, the public and stakeholders participated in the process. The focus group concluded with three recommendations related to ORR land use planning. The first recommendation was for the preservation of areas designated for green space/conservation within the potential surplus land area. The second recommendation was to expand the land use planning process for the remainder of the ORR. The third recommendation called for the use of a biodiversity analysis in addition to the socioeconomic impact analysis that was conducted. (Reference 2.2-19)

The south bank of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, from the Melton Hill Dam upstream of the CRN Site to beyond TN 58 downstream of the CRN Site, is largely residential with some small private pastures and farm fields. Many residences include several acres of property. The area is sparsely wooded. (Reference 2.2-7)

The Roane Regional Business and Technology Park is located approximately one-half mile east of the CRN Site, on Industrial Park Road, adjacent to I-40. This business park occupies approximately 655 ac and has several operating facilities and vacant space. Current tenants 2.2-5 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report include food distribution, tool, engineering, ceramics, roofing, energy, engine parts, and automotive companies. The industrial park also contains sites available for development.

(Reference 2.2-20)

Several recreational areas are located in the immediate CRN Site vicinity. These include Melton Hill Dam Recreation Area, the Soaring Eagle Campground and RV Park, the Gallaher Recreation Area, the ORR which is a Tennessee Wildlife Management Area, the ETTP Visitors Overlook, the Southern Appalachia Railway Museum, the Wheat Community African Burial Ground, several hiking trails and greenways, and boating and fishing activities on the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir and Melton Hill Reservoir (Figure 2.1-2). (Reference 2.2-7)

Recreational land use is discussed in detail in Subsection 2.5.2.5 Aesthetics and Recreation.

The CRN Site is located within the city limits of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, making Oak Ridge the closest city in the vicinity of the CRN Site. The City of Oak Ridge has an extensive zoning ordinance and plan. However, although the CRN Site is within the city limits, Oak Ridge zoning ordinances do not apply to federal property.

No operating airports or ports are located within the 6-mi CRN Site vicinity.

2.2.2 The Region The CRN Site region is defined as the area within a 50 mi radius of the center of the CRN Site (Figure 2.1-1). There are 33 counties at least partially within 50-mi of the center point of the CRN Site. Three of these counties are in North Carolina, two are in Kentucky, and the rest are in Tennessee (Figure 1.1-1). The largest city in the 50-mi radius is Knoxville, Tennessee. As of the 2010 Census, the population of Knoxville was 178,874 persons. All of the other cities and towns in the region have populations of less than 50,000. Other than Knoxville, only three cities have populations of over 20,000: Oak Ridge (29,330), Maryville (27,601) and Farragut (20,676),

Tennessee.

Four interstate highways traverse the region, I-40, I-75, I-640, and I-140 (Figure 2.1-1).

Subsection 2.5.2.2, Transportation, provides a description of the transportation network in the vicinity of the CRN Site. The Clinch River provides a navigable corridor between Clinton, Tennessee and Kingston, Tennessee, where it joins with the Tennessee River (Watts Bar Reservoir) and thus ultimately provides transport to the Gulf of Mexico (Reference 2.2-21). The Clinch River (Melton Hill Reservoir) is designated a state scenic river from above the Melton Hill Dam to below the Norris Dam (Reference 2.2-22). The closest commercial airports located within the CRN region are the McGhee Tyson Airport and the Knoxville Downtown Island Airport (Figure 2.1-1).

Based on the USGS land-cover classification standards and the 2011 NLCD, land use and land cover in the CRN Site vicinity is categorized and shown in Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-5.

Forested land (deciduous, evergreen, or mixed forest) accounts for approximately 62 percent of the region. Wetlands (emergent herbaceous or woody wetlands) occupy less than 1 percent of 2.2-6 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report the region. Other vegetated undeveloped land (grassland/herbaceous or shrub/scrub) totals approximately 8 percent of the region. Land classified as cultivated crops and pasture/hay totals approximately 16 percent of the region. Open water or barren land occupy approximately 3 percent of the region. The remaining approximately 11 percent of the region is classified as developed (high, medium, or low intensity, or open space). According to the USDA, in 2007 Anderson Countys top crop in terms of acreage was forage (9160 ac) and the top livestock inventory items were cattle and calves, producing a total of 4.4 million dollars of agricultural products that year (Reference 2.2-23). In Roane County, the top crop was also forage (11,383 ac) and the top livestock items were cattle and calves, producing a total of 5.1 million dollars of agricultural products (Reference 2.2-24). In Loudon County the top crop is forage (21,136 ac) and the top livestock items are also cattle and calves, producing 60 million dollars of agricultural products (Reference 2.2-25). Knox County has a similar agricultural regime, with forage the top crop (21,673 ac) and cattle and calves the top livestock, producing a total of 19 million dollars of agricultural products (Reference 2.2-26).

Federal lands in the region include the ORR, the Watts Bar Dam Reservation, the Melton Hill Dam Reservation, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Cherokee National Forest, Big South Fork National River and Recreational Area, and Daniel Boone National Forest. Most of these federal lands offer camping, fishing, swimming, boating, and other recreational activities for visitors. The ORR includes three DOE campuses with distinct missions. The ORNL is the DOEs largest multi-purpose laboratory conducting research in advanced materials exploration, alternative fuels, climate change, and supercomputing. Two of the laboratorys more significant facilities include the Spallation Neutron Source facility, a center for neutron science research, and the High Flux Isotope Reactor, an 85-megawatt high flux reactor-based source of neutrons.

The Y-12 Complex mission includes modernizing defense systems and reducing nuclear stockpiles worldwide. The East Tennessee Technology Park is located on the site of a former uranium enrichment complex, which is currently being remediated, revitalized, and transitioned into a private sector business/industrial park. Seasonal hunting activities are available on the ORR as well. (Reference 2.2-27) 2.2.3 Transmission Corridors and Offsite Areas There are currently two transmission corridors crossing the CRN Site (Figure 2.2-6). The Kingston FP - Ft Loudoun HP 161 kV No.1 transmission line crosses the CRN Site from the southeastern tip of the peninsula to the northwestern corner of the CRN Site near the entrance gate. The Bull Run FP-Watts Bar NP 500 kV transmission line transverses the CRN Site northeast to southwest.

Onsite and offsite transmission lines are to be modified for the project. Onsite transmission lines are to be modified by relocating the 161 kV line to accommodate placement of the CRN facility.

Offsite transmission lines are modified through the establishment of a 69kV underground transmission line from the Bethel Valley Substation to the CRN facility and upgrades needed to support stability of the TVA power grid. This 69 kV transmission line is to be placed within the existing 500 kV line right-of-way (Figure 2.2-6). Transmission line segments requiring upgrades 2.2-7 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report are shown in Figure 2.2-7. Ten 161 kV transmission lines over a distance of 191 mi would require uprating. An additional sixteen 161 kV transmission lines over a distance of 122 mi would require uprates or reconductoring. Modifications related to uprating and reconductoring would affect a total of 2317 and 1476 ac respectively. Finally, one section of a 12.7 mi long transmission line would require rebuilding covering a total of 154 ac. All actions related to offsite transmission line modifications would occur within the existing transmission line rights-of-way.

Figure 2.2-10 shows the federal and tribal lands, wildlife areas and refuges, wilderness areas, and parks in the vicinity of these offsite transmission lines. Detailed information regarding changes associated with the transmission lines, including lengths of individual segments affected, is discussed in Section 3.7.

Additional offsite areas include the rail offloading area, the Barge/Traffic Area, and several existing borrow pits. TVA anticipates utilizing the EnergySolutions Heritage Railroad rail siding near the CRN Site for deliveries. The refurbishment of this rail siding is addressed in the DOEs Environmental Assessment, Transfer of Land and Facilities Within the East Tennessee Technology Park and Surrounding Area, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (DOE/EA-1640) (Reference 2.2-28).

Roadway improvements are required in the Barge/Traffic Area and an existing barge terminal (that was used for TN 58 construction) in that area is to be refurbished (Figure 2.2-6). Based on the USGS land-cover classification standards and the 2011 NLCD, land use and land cover in the Barge/Traffic Area is categorized and shown in Table 2.2-1 and Figure 2.2-5. Forested land (deciduous, evergreen, or mixed forest) accounts for approximately 53 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. Wetlands (emergent herbaceous or woody wetlands) occupy approximately 5 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. Other vegetated undeveloped land (grassland/herbaceous or shrub/scrub) totals less than 1 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. Land classified as cultivated crops and pasture/hay total approximately 16 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. Open water or barren land occupy approximately 5 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. The remaining approximately 21 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area is classified as developed (high, medium, or low intensity, or open space). The Barge/Traffic Area and the rail offloading area are located within the 6 mi CRN Site vicinity.

Fill material will be required for the CRN Site. In addition to potentially using borrow material from the CRN Site, offsite borrow sources may be used. The volume of fill material and selection of the source for fill material will be dependent on the backfill plan and the required material properties identified by analyses performed in support of the COLA. Material excavated from portions of the CRN Site will be characterized in accordance with the backfill plan to determine whether the material has the characteristics and provides the needed quantities for use as fill on the site. If additional fill material is need from offsite, the borrow source(s) will be selected based on material properties and quantities available at the potential source locations.

The soil quality at each potential borrow site will be required to meet the criteria for acceptability for use as fill material at the CRN Site.

2.2-8 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Offsite borrow areas that have been identified for possible use are shown in Figure 2.2-8. At least two of the borrow sites identified in Figure 2.2-8 are currently being utilized in support of other TVA projects. The total acreage of these nine potential borrow sites is 227 ac. The combined volume of fill material present in the disturbed and fully permitted offsite borrow areas is anticipated to meet the volume of fill material that would be needed for the CR SMR Project.

Therefore, it is unlikely that any existing borrow areas would need to be expanded beyond currently permitted boundaries or that any new borrow areas would need to be opened to accommodate the CR SMR Project.

The borrow pits are located within the 50 mi CRN Site region.

2.2.4 References Reference 2.2-1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Clinch River NEPAssist, Railroads Map," 2013.

Reference 2.2-2. Watts Bar - Clinch Watershed Team, Final Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 4; Alternative B "Preferred", January 23, 2009.

Reference 2.2-3. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Final Environmental Impact Statement Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan Loudon, Meigs, Rhea, and Roane Counties, Tennessee," February, 2009.

Reference 2.2-4. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, Active mines and mineral plants in the US (2003), Website: http://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineral-resources/active-mines.html, May 16, 2013.

Reference 2.2-5. Barrett, Jared, Hockersmith, K., Karpynec, T., and McKee, L., "Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Clinch River Small Modular Reactors Project (SMR), Roane County, Tennessee Final Report," TRC Environmental Corporation, Nashville, Tennessee, Prepared for the Tennessee Valley Authority, September 20, 2011.

Reference 2.2-6. Barrett, Jared, Hockersmith, Kelly, Karpynec, Ted, and McKee, Larry, "Phase I Archaeological Survey, TVA Clinch River Site Characterization Project, Roane County, Tennessee Draft Report," TRC Project # 181678, TRC Environmental Corporation, Nashville, Tennessee, Tennessee Valley Authority, February, 2011.

Reference 2.2-7. AECOM, "Final Clinch River Site Land Use and Recreation Technical Report -

Revision 2," Greenville, SC, Tennessee Valley Authority, October, 2014.

Reference 2.2-8. Breeder Reactor Corporation, "Final Report The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Project," January, 1985.

Reference 2.2-9. U.S. Department of Energy, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Project Site Redress Plan," March, 1984.

2.2-9 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.2-10. U.S. Department of Energy, Tennessee Valley Authority, and Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant DOE/TVA/PMC Site Redress Planning Task Force Report," January, 1984.

Reference 2.2-11. Thress, Robert G., Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) - Return of Site to TVA Ownership, J. A. Kirkebo and Maurice G. Msarsa, April 6, 1987.

Reference 2.2-12. Jones, C. P., Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project - Inspection of Site Stabilization, May 7, 1986.

Reference 2.2-13. Domer, Ron G., Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBR) - Site Redress Memorandum, To EN DES Manager's Office Files, December 5, 1983.

Reference 2.2-14. Lockwood Greene Engineers, Inc., "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Site Redress," Solicitation No. DE-AC05-850R21457, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge Operations, Construction Division, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, March 22, 1985.

Reference 2.2-15. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Survey of Roane County, Tennessee, Website:

http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/manuscripts/TN145/0/Roane_TN.pdf, 2009.

Reference 2.2-16. Griffen, Neil R., Evans, James W., and Parr, Patricia D., "Wildlife Management Plan for the Oak Ridge Reservation," ORNL/TM-2012/387, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Department of Energy, September, 2012.

Reference 2.2-17. U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Office, "Oak Ridge Reservation 10-Year Site Plan - Integrating Multiple Land Use Needs," DOE/ORO-TYSP2007, 2007.

Reference 2.2-18. U.S. Department of Energy, "Oak Ridge Reservation Planning: Integrating Multiple Land Use Needs," DOE/ORO/01-2264, May, 2008.

Reference 2.2-19. Oak Ridge Land Use Planning Focus Group, "Final Report of the Oak Ridge Land Use Planning Focus Group,"02-182(doc)/091302, September 13, 2002.

Reference 2.2-20. The Roane Alliance, Available Industrial and Commercial Property Buildings

- Roane County, Tennessee, Website:

http://www.roanealliance.org/available_properties/industrial_parks.aspx?id=30, 2013.

Reference 2.2-21. U.S. Corps of Engineers, Mississippi Valley Division, Office of the Division Engineer, Division Bulletin No. 1 - List of Maps and Charts Suited for Navigation of the Mississippi River and the Principal Connecting Waterways, Website:

http://www.mvr.usace.army.mil/Portals/48/docs/Nav/NavNotice/DivisionBulletin1.pdf, January, 2013.

2.2-10 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.2-22. National Park Service, Tennessee Segments of the National River Inventory, Website: http://www.nps.gov/ncrc/programs/rtca/nri/states/tn.html, January 18, 2007.

Reference 2.2-23. National Agricultural Statistics Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007 Census of Agriculture County Profile - Anderson County Tennessee, Website:

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/County_Profiles/Tennessee

/cp47001.pdf, 2007.

Reference 2.2-24. National Agricultural Statistics Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007 Census of Agriculture County Profile - Roane County Tennessee, Website:

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/County_Profiles/Tennessee

/cp47145.pdf, 2007.

Reference 2.2-25. National Agricultural Statistics Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2007 Census of Agriculture County Profile - Loudon County Tennessee, Website:

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/County_Profiles/Tennessee

/cp47105.pdf, 2007.

Reference 2.2-26. National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2007 Census of Agriculture County Profile - Knox County Tennessee, Website:

http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Online_Highlights/County_Profiles/Tennessee

/cp47093.pdf, 2007.

Reference 2.2-27. AECOM, "Small Modular Reactor Final Siting Study," October, 2015.

Reference 2.2-28. U.S. Department of Energy, "Transfer of Land and Facilities within the East Tennessee Technology Park and Surrounding Area, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," DOE/EA-1640, 2011.

Reference 2.2-29. Swann, M. E., Roberts, Wallace, Hubbard, E. H., and Porter, H. C., "Soil Survey Roane County Tennessee," Series 1936, No. 15, United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry, Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, May, 1942.

Reference 2.2-30. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Rate Map Roane County, Tennessee and Incorporated Areas, 47145C0120F, Panel 120 of 335, U.S.

Department of Homeland Security, September 28, 2007.

Reference 2.2-31. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Flood Insurance Rate Map Roane County, Tennessee and Incorporated Areas, 47145C0140G, Panel 140 of 335, U.S.

Department of Homeland Security, November 18, 2009.

2.2-11 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.2-1 USGS Land-Use Categories for the CRN Site and Surrounding Areas CRN Site Barge/Traffic Area 6-Mile Radius 50-Mile Radius CRN Percent Barge/ Percent Percent Percent Vicinity Site of Land Traffic of Land of Land Region (ac) of Land (ac)

USGS Description (ac) Use (%) Area (ac) Use (%) Use (%) Use (%)

Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) 20 2 1 <1 255 <1 15,396 <1 Cultivated Crops 8 1 4 2 94 <1 57,767 1 Deciduous Forest 320 34 102 50 33,452 46 2,393,380 48 Developed, High Intensity 1 <1 2 1 658 1 18,187 <1 Developed, Medium Intensity 6 1 16 8 2996 4 144,325 3 Developed, Low Intensity 19 2 21 10 1323 2 56,021 1 Developed, Open Space 42 4 4 2 4933 7 327,463 7 Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands 0 0 2 1 24 <1 1682 <1 Evergreen Forest 67 7 7 3 3595 5 321,477 6 Grassland/Herbaceous 26 3 1 1 2942 4 277,539 6 Mixed Forest 62 7 0 0 2152 3 391,240 8 Open Water 16 2 9 4 2353 3 136,732 3 Pasture/Hay 245 26 28 14 15,139 21 746,414 15 Shrub/Scrub 20 2 0 0 507 1 113,803 2 Woody Wetlands 83 9 9 3 1967 3 22,033 <1 Total 935 100 203 100 72,389 100 5,023,459 100 Note: The offsite portion of the 69-kV underground transmission line would be installed within an approximately 210-ac portion of an existing 500-kV transmission line right-of-way that is entirely within the 6-mi vicinity radius.

2.2-12 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.2-2 (Sheet 1 of 2) 1942 Soil Survey for Roane County, Tennessee Soil Description Productivity Classification Al Atkins very fine sandy loam Fourth-class As Armuchee silt loam Fifth-class Av Apison very fine sandy loam Second-class Avk Apison very fine sandy loam, eroded slope phase Fifth-class Avr Apison very fine sandy loan, eroded phase Fifth-class Cc Clarksville cherty silt loam Third-class Cch Clarksville cherty silt loam, smooth phase Third-class Ccl Clarksville cherty silt loam, hilly phase Fourth-class Ccz Clarksville cherty silt loam, steep phase Fifth-class Clx Colbert silt loam, slope phase Fourth-class Cs Colbert silty clay loam Fourth-class Fc Fullerton cherty silt loam Third-class Fch Fullerton cherty silt loam, smooth phase Second-class Fcl Fullerton cherty silt loam, hilly phase Fourth-class Fcr Fullerton cherty silt loam, eroded phase Third-class Fct Fullerton cherty silt loam, eroded hilly phase Fifth-class Fcz Fullerton cherty silt loam, steep phase Fifth-class Gs Greendale silt loam Second-class Jg Jefferson gravelly fine sandy loam Third-class Jgx Jefferson gravelly fine sandy loam, slope phase Third-class Ls Lehew strong (or stoney) fine sandy loam Fifth-class Lv Leadvale very fine sandy loam Second-class Ml Melvin silt loam Fourth-class Nvc Nolichucky very fine sandy loam Second-class Nvr Nolichucky very fine sandy loam, eroded phase Third-class Pl Pope loamy fine sand Third-class Pv Pope very fine sandy loam Second-class Rg Roane gravelly loam Third-class Rga Rough gullied land, apison soil material Fifth-class Rgf Rough gullied land, Fullerton soil material Fifth-class RsC Rolling stony land, Colbert and Talbott soil material Fourth-class Rs Rough stony land Fifth-class RsT Rough stony land, Talbott soil material Fifth-class Sv Sequatchie very fine sandy loam Second-class Ts Talbott silty clay loam Third-class Tsh Talbott silty clay loam, smooth phase Second-class Tsl Talbott silty clay loam, hilly phase Fifth-class 2.2-13 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.2-2 (Sheet 2 of 2) 1942 Soil Survey for Roane County, Tennessee Soil Description Productivity Classification Us Upshur silty clay loam, valley phase Fourth-class Ws Wolftever silt loam Second-class Wsx Wolftever silt loam, slope phase Second-class Wvb Waynseboro very fine sandy loam, eroded hill phase Fourth-class Wvx Waynseboro very fine sandy loam, slope phase Third-class Notes:

First-class = good to excellent cropland Second-class = fair to good cropland Third-class = poor to fair cropland Fourth-class = best suited to pasture, poorly adapted to cropland Fifth-class = best suited to forest Source: (Reference 2.2-29) 2.2-14 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.2-3 2009 Soil Survey for Roane County, Tennessee Soil Description Prime Farmland AeD Allen loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes No AmC Armuchee silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes No AmD Armuchee silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes No AmE Armuchee silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes No Bg Bloomingdale silty clay loam, occasionally flooded No CbD Colbert-Lyerly-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes No DeC Dewey silt loam, 6 to 15 percent slopes No DeD Dewey silt loam, 15 to 25 percent slopes No EtC Etowah silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes No FuC Fullerton-Pailo complex, 5 to 12 percent slopes No FuD Fullerton-Pailo complex, 12 to 20 percent slopes No FuE Fullerton-Pailo complex, 20 to 35 percent slopes No MnC Minvale gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes No MoD Montevallo channery silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes No MoE Montevallo channery silt loam, 20 to 35 percent slopes No TeC Townley silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes No TeD Townley silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes No WaC Waynesboro loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes No WaD Waynesboro loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes No CaB Capshaw silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Yes EtB Etowah loam, 2 to 6 percent slopes Yes Ha Hamblen silt loam, occasionally flooded Yes WaB Waynesboro loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Yes WhB Whitwell loam, 1 to 4 percent slopes, occasionally flooded Yes Source: (Reference 2.2-15) 2.2-15 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.2-1. CRN Site Topographic Map 2.2-16 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Rd nk r Ta a te W

Pa tro lR d

R d Zi on ek C re Ne ar w Be TN 58 Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir Ln n

lto Rd Cu Ga Ba llah rri Rd er e Sm ith Ln r Rd cke Jones Tha I sl a n d R d Rogers Ridg Rd Per e Rd ry Cherry Pt l Ln Hil ith Sm Pawnook Farm Rd d

idg eR tnu tR Ch es u rn Fid dl ers L n Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Land Cover, National Land Cover 0 800 Bla ckb 1,600 Ln q Feet 3,200 Database (NLCD) 2011; Roads, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division Land Cover Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) Developed, Medium Intensity Mixed Forest Roads Cultivated Crops Developed, Open Space Open Water CRN Site Deciduous Forest Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands Pasture/Hay Barge/Traffic Area Developed, High Intensity Evergreen Forest Shrub/Scrub Rivers and Lakes Developed, Low Intensity Grassland/Herbaceous Woody Wetlands Figure 2.2-2. CRN Site Land Cover Types 2.2-17 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report RsC RsC Av Jg Al AlJgx Fct Fch Cc Ts Ccl RsC Sv Cs Jg Lv Avk Fc Fc Fcl Cl Avk Jgx Avk Ts Cc RsT Avk Wvx Ls Fcr Avr Avk Al Fcr Jgx Avk Fct Fcr Nvr Lv Fc Rs Cc Cs Rs Av Pv Barge/Traffic Area Ccl Cc Fct Rs Rs Avk FcrFc Cc Pl RsT Cc Pv Avk Al Fcr Cc Avk RgA Rg Fch Ccz Clinch River arm of the Al Al Ccl Sv Fc Watts Bar Reservoir Tsh Avk Ccz Ha Fch Gs Ccz Us Ccl MoE Ccl Rg Cc RsC Ml Ml Tsl Fc Ccl Cc Cc Fcr Cs RsC Fct RgF TeD AmD Ccz Cch Ts MoE Fcr Rg RgF Cs Fcr Ml RsC Fct Fcl Clx WaC Fcz RsC Cs Nvc AmD AmC Tsh Cc Fc Ml Ts Cl Pv Ccl Cs FuD Cc Fct Ha Ccl CaB Cc Fcr AmD Pv WaD FuC Ha Fc Cc Bg Ha Ccz WaC FuD AeD WaD DeC EtB Ccl EtC Sv Fcl Us FuE Fc Cc RsC MoE AmD FuD WhB TeD Ccl CaB EtC Bg As Clx AmE AmC FuD Cs FuC TeD CaB AmE Ws Wsx FuD EtC Tsh AmC Ws WaB AmD CaB q

FuC WaC FuD FuD AmD TeD MoE AmC FuE WhB WhB TeD 0 MoC 1,000 2,000 FuC 4,000 FuD Source: Soil, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, MoC FuC Feet Soil Surveys FuD of Roane County, Tennessee, 1942, 2009; Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types AmD FuE TeC MnC FuD Legend 1942 Soil Survey 2009 Soil Survey First-class (good to excellent cropland) Fourth-class (best suited to pasture) Prime Farmland CRN Site Second-class (fair to good cropland) Fifth-class (best suited to forest) Not Prime Farmland Barge/Traffic Area Third-class (poor to fair cropland) CRBRP Disturbed Area Rivers and Lakes Figure 2.2-3. CRN Site Prime Farmland Soils 2.2-18 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report U

V95 Land Cover Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) Developed, Medium Intensity Mixed Forest V U 62 Morgan Cultivated Crops Developed, Open Space Open Water Deciduous Forest Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands Pasture/Hay Developed, High Intensity Anderson County

£ Evergreen Forest Shrub/Scrub 27 Developed, Low Intensity V U

Grassland/Herbaceous 61 Woody Wetlands d

oa e kR C re ar Be OAK RIDGE V

U327 V

U95 V

U 95 CRN Site Knox V

U 58 V U95 County

£ 321

§

¨ 40 KINGSTON

£ 70

£ 321 Loudon County Roane County Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Land Cover, National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2011; Counties/County Lines,

§

¨75 LENOIR CITY q Miles 0 1 2 4 ESRI Counties; Railroads, ESRI Railroads; Roads, ESRI USA Major Highways

£ 11 Legend 6-Mile Radius Rivers and Lakes Highway Bear Creek Road CRN Site Railroad Major Road City/Town Boundaries Interstate Counties Figure 2.2-4. CRN Site 6-Mile Vicinity Land Cover Map 2.2-19 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.2-5. CRN Site 50-Mile Regional Land Cover Map 2.2-20 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.2-6. CRN Site Vicinity Transmission Lines 2.2-21 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Grayson Lincoln Jackson Perry Knott Pike Taylor Rockcastle Land Cover Hart Casey Owsley Green Perry Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) Developed, Medium Intensity Mixed Forest Clay Edmonson Laurel Letcher Cultivated Crops Developed, Open Space Open Water Leslie Pulaski Deciduous Forest Adair Emergent Herbaceous Wetlands Pasture/Hay Developed, High Intensity Evergreen Forest Shrub/Scrub Warren Russell Wise Developed, LowMetcalfe Intensity Grassland/Herbaceous Woody Wetlands Barren Knox Harlan Wayne Whitley Cumberland Lee Scott Bell Allen Monroe Clinton Kentucky Virginia McCreary 5 L51 Sumner 2 Pickett Hancock Clay Macon Claiborne Hawkins Campbell 8 6 Scott L51 Trousdale Fentress Overton 88 L5125 Jackson 2 4 L5 Union Grainger L56 2 Hamblen Smith 0 Greene 94 9 Putnam L5 2 Morgan Anderson 09 2 L5 L5 04 L5 57 Wilson L5659 Jefferson 5

23 Knox DeKalb White Cumberland L52 L5 Cocke 05 43 7

L5 Tennessee Roane L5280 Madison Cannon Sevier CRN Site Loudon Van Buren Buncombe Warren L5173 Blount Bledsoe Rhea Haywood Swain Coffee Monroe McMinn Meigs Grundy Graham Jackson 7 Sequatchie 16 North Carolina 2 L5 70 L5 Hamilton Bradley Macon Franklin Cherokee Marion Polk Clay 6 97 L5 Towns Pickens Catoosa Fannin Rabun Dade Union Murray Oconee Jackson Whitfield Walker Gilmer Alabama Georgia White Habersham Stephens Anderson Marshall Chattooga Gordon Pickens Lumpkin DeKalb Miles Hall 0 7 14 Franklin 28Hart Banks Legend Rebuild CRN Site Reconductor Counties Uprate State Boundaries Uprate and Reconductor Figure 2.2-7. Transmission Line Segments Requiring Upgrades 2.2-22 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report U

V298 Wartburg U V

116 Petros V

U 330 V

U62 V U61 Morgan County Oliver Springs U

V Anderson County V

U29 Oak Ridge 170 Knobb Pit Oakdale VU U61 V Solw V

U _

^

327 299 U V

95 Melton Hill Reservoir Cumberland County Harriman Maddox Pit

£ 70 §

¨ 40 Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir CRN Site

^

^

Knox County Kingston

£ Midtown 27 Town Creek Lenoir City Pit V

U Borrow Site Roane County 1

^ Right Rim

^ Lenoir City

^_

^

Grand View Farms Borrow Site Extension Blount County

§ V U

¨75 Loudon 95 V

U 72 Loudon County V

U72 V

U 322 SR-444 Embankment Rhea County V

U

£ 323 27 Philadelphia Old Stage Road G

£ 27 Borrow Site

^ §

¨ U V72 V

U 75 Sweetwater

^

68 Vonore V

U Meigs County 474 Wolf Creek Road 305

£ 411

£ Borrow Site 11 Monroe County V

U McMinn County Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Counties/County U

V309 V

U 307 68

£ 411 qU V360 Miles V

U Lines, ESRI Counties; Railroads, ESRI Railroads; Roads, ESRI USA 30 Major Highways; City/City Boundaries, ESRI Cities 0 3 6 12 Legend

^ Borrow Sites Counties Highway CRN Site Railroad Major Road Rivers and Lakes Interstate Bear Creek Road City/Town Boundaries Figure 2.2-8. CRN Site Borrow Areas 2.2-23 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.2-9. CRN Site Flood Hazard Map 2.2-24 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Grayson Lincoln Jackson Perry Knott Pike Taylor Rockcastle Casey Owsley Hart Green Perry Clay Edmonson Laurel Letcher Leslie Pulaski Adair Warren Russell Wise Metcalfe Barren Knox Harlan Sheet 3 of 4 Whitley Wayne Lee Cumberland Bell Scott Allen Monroe Clinton Kentucky Virginia McCreary 5 L51 Sumner 2 Pickett Hancock Clay Macon Claiborne Hawkins Campbell 8 6 Scott 5 L51 L512 Trousdale Fentress Jackson Overton 4 2

Union L56 2 L56 Grainger Hamblen Smith 8 40 4

L5 9 Greene 82 L5 9 L5 2 L5 Putnam 2 Morgan Anderson 09 04 L5 7 57 Wilson L5 95 Jefferson 20 5 L5 4 L 23 L5659 Knox DeKalb White Cumberland5205 L5 Cocke 7 43 L5280 L5 Sheet 2 of 4 Tennessee Roane Madison Cannon Sevier Loudon Van Buren Buncombe Warren L5173 Blount Blount Bledsoe Rhea Haywood Swain Sheet 4 of 4 Coffee Monroe 7 McMinn L516 Meigs Grundy Graham L5702 Jackson Sequatchie North Carolina Hamilton Bradley Macon Franklin Cherokee Marion Polk Clay 6 97 L5 Towns Pickens Catoosa Fannin Rabun Dade Union Murray Oconee Jackson Whitfield Walker Gilmer Alabama Georgia White Habersham Stephens Anderson Sources:

MarshallCounties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; ChattoogaState Boundaries, ESRI States; Gordon Lumpkin Miles Pickens Designated Wilderness,DeKalb University of Montana Wilderness Institute, TWS; USA Parks, ESRI; 0 7 14 28 Wild and Scenic Rivers, USDA; National Wildlife Refuge, FWS HQ NWRS; USA Federal Lands, ESRI Hall Franklin Hart Banks Legend Rebuild State Boundaries FWS NWRS Locations National Park Service Reconductor Counties Forest Service Bureau of Indian Affairs Uprate Places (Local)

Department of Defense Bureau of Reclamation Uprate and Reconductor Designated Wilderness Bureau of Land Management Other Agencies CRN Site Wild and Scenic Rivers: Legal Status US Fish and Wildlife Service Figure 2.2-10. (Sheet 1 of 4) Transmission Segments Requiring Upgrades with Federal Lands, Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Wilderness Areas 2.2-25 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 4 L DeKalb White Cumberland5205 L5 Tennessee Cannon Van Buren L5173 Warren Bledsoe Rhea Coffee 7 Mc L516 Meigs Grundy L5702 Sequatchie Hamilton Bradley Franklin Marion 6 97 L5 Catoosa Dade Murray Jackson Whitfield Sources: Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; State Boundaries, ESRI States; Walker 0 6 12 Miles 24 Designated Wilderness, University of Montana Wilderness Institute, TWS; USA Parks, ESRI; Wild and Scenic Rivers, USDA; National Wildlife Refuge, FWS HQ NWRS; USA Federal Lands, ESRI Legend Rebuild State Boundaries FWS NWRS Locations National Park Service Reconductor Counties Forest Service Bureau of Indian Affairs Uprate Places (Local)

Department of Defense Bureau of Reclamation Uprate and Reconductor Designated Wilderness CRN Site Bureau of Land Management Other Agencies Wild and Scenic Rivers: Legal Status US Fish and Wildlife Service Figure 2.2-10. (Sheet 2 of 4) Transmission Segments Requiring Upgrades with Federal Lands, Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Wilderness Areas 2.2-26 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Knox Wayne Whitley d B Clinton Kentucky McCreary 25 L51 Pickett Clai Campbell L512 Scott Fentress rton 5 Union L5 88 92 L5 2 20 Morgan Anderson 0 4 L5 L5 204 3 5 Knox Cumberland L52 05 L 52 L5659 3

74 L5 L5280 Roane L5173 Sources: Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; State Boundaries, ESRI States; Loudon Blount Blount Miles Designated Wilderness, University of Montana Wilderness Institute, TWS; USA Parks, ESRI; 0 6 12 24 Bledsoe Rhea Wild and Scenic Rivers, USDA; National Wildlife Refuge, FWS HQ NWRS; USA Federal Lands, ESRI Legend Rebuild State Boundaries FWS NWRS Locations National Park Service Reconductor Counties Forest Service Bureau of Indian Affairs Uprate Places (Local) Department of Defense Bureau of Reclamation Uprate and Reconductor Designated Wilderness Bureau of Land Management Other Agencies CRN Site Wild and Scenic Rivers: Legal Status US Fish and Wildlife Service Figure 2.2-10. (Sheet 3 of 4) Transmission Segments Requiring Upgrades with Federal Lands, Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Wilderness Areas 2.2-27 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Claiborne Hawkins Campbell 186 L512 L5 24 L56 5

L56 Union Grainger Hamblen 24 L5 40 Greene 9

88 L5 L5 92 2

Anderson 0 95 L5 7 7 95 Jefferson 5 L5 23 L5659 Knox L5 Cocke L5280 Madison Sevier Loudon Buncombe Blount Blount Haywood Swain Monroe Graham Sources: Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; State Boundaries, ESRI States; North Carolina Jackson Miles Designated Wilderness, University of Montana Wilderness Institute, TWS; USA Parks, ESRI; 0 6 12 24 Wild and Scenic Rivers, USDA; National Wildlife Refuge, FWS HQ NWRS; USA Federal Lands, ESRI Legend Rebuild State Boundaries FWS NWRS Locations National Park Service Reconductor Counties Forest Service Bureau of Indian Affairs Uprate Places (Local) Department of Defense Bureau of Reclamation Uprate and Reconductor Designated Wilderness Bureau of Land Management Other Agencies CRN Site Wild and Scenic Rivers: Legal Status US Fish and Wildlife Service Figure 2.2-10. (Sheet 4 of 4) Transmission Segments Requiring Upgrades with Federal Lands, Parks, Wildlife Refuges and Wilderness Areas 2.2-28 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3 WATER This section describes the physical, chemical, biological, and hydrological characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the vicinity of the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site that may affect water supply or that may be reasonably assumed to be affected by the construction and operation of two or more small modular reactors (SMRs). The following lists the Section 2.3 subsections, with descriptions:

  • Subsection 2.3.1 provides a detailed description of the surface water bodies and groundwater aquifers that can affect the CRN Site water supply and effluent disposal or may be affected by construction or operation of the SMRs.
  • Subsection 2.3.2 describes surface water and groundwater uses in the vicinity of the facility that can affect or be affected by the construction and operation of two or more SMRs.
  • Subsection 2.3.3 provides detailed water quality information regarding the surface water and groundwater in the vicinity of the CRN Site.

2.3.1 Hydrology This subsection presents descriptions of the surface water and groundwater resources that could be affected by the construction and operation of two or more SMRs. The physical and hydrologic water resource characteristics of the site and region are summarized below.

2.3.1.1 Surface Water The CRN Site is located on a peninsula created by a bend in the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir (Figure 2.3.1-1). The CRN Site is located between approximately Clinch River Mile (CRM) 14.5 and approximately CRM 19.0 and is approximately 10.7 miles (mi) southwest of the City of Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Within the CRN Site, the proposed surface water intake is located at CRM 17.9, and the proposed discharge is located at approximately CRM 15. 5. The Barge/Traffic Area is located between CRN 14.0 and CRN 14.5.

The location of the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area with respect to major surface water features is shown in Figure 2.3.1-1. The upstream boundary of the CRN Site is located approximately 4.1 mi downstream of Melton Hill Dam, which is located at CRM 23.1. The CRN Site is located approximately 8.2 mi east of the confluence of the Tennessee and Clinch Rivers, with the downstream boundary of the site about 14.5 mi upstream of the confluence. The confluence of the two rivers is located at CRM 0 on the Clinch River, and at Tennessee River Mile (TRM) 567.8 on the Tennessee River (Reference 2.3.1-1). Further downstream on Watts Bar Reservoir, Watts Bar Dam is located at TRM 529.9 or 52.4 mi downstream of the CRN Site (Reference 2.3.1-2). Regulated releases of surface water to Watts Bar Reservoir are made not only from Melton Hill Dam but also Fort Loudoun Dam located at TRM 602.3, and Tellico Dam located near TRM 601.1.

2.3.1-1 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report As shown on Figure 2.3.1-1, a number of creeks located in the vicinity of the CRN Site discharge into the reservoir (Figure 2.3.1-1). Upstream of the CRN Site, between Melton Hill Dam at CRM 23.1 and the intake at CRM 17.9, three streams enter the reservoir. These include: Whiteoak Creek, entering the reservoir from the north at CRM 21.0; Raccoon Creek, entering the reservoir from the north at CRM 19.5; and Paw Paw Creek, entering the reservoir from the south at CRM 19.3. Within the reach of the CRN Site, four streams enter the reservoir.

These include: Caney Creek, entering the reservoir from the south at CRM 17.0; Poplar Springs Creek, entering the reservoir from the south at CRM 16.2; Bear Creek, entering Poplar Creek and subsequently entering the reservoir at CRM 12, and Grassy Creek entering the reservoir from the north at CRM 14.5. One other prominent tributary, the Emory River, enters the reservoir between the CRN Site and the Tennessee River. The Emory River enters the reservoir from the north, at CRM 4.5 (Reference 2.3.1-3).

2.3.1.1.1 Hydrologic Setting Tennessee River Watershed The headwaters of the Tennessee River watershed originate in the mountains of western Virginia and North Carolina, eastern Tennessee, and northern Georgia. The Tennessee River is formed by the confluence of the Holston and the French Broad Rivers near Knoxville, Tennessee. The river flows to the southwest and receives water from three principal tributaries:

Little Tennessee, Clinch, and Hiwassee Rivers. As the Tennessee River flows south, west, and then north, two other major tributaries, the Elk and Duck rivers, contribute to the flow that eventually joins the Ohio River at Paducah, Kentucky. (Reference 2.3.1-4)

The Tennessee River and its tributaries have a drainage area of approximately 41,910 square (sq) mi and pass through 125 counties that cover much of Tennessee and parts of Alabama, Kentucky, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia (Reference 2.3.1-5). The drainage area from the point of headwater origination to Chattanooga, Tennessee, is approximately 21,400 sq mi; west of Chattanooga to the Ohio River, the drainage area is approximately 19,500 sq mi (Reference 2.3.1-4).

The Tennessee River watershed is subdivided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) into 32 hydrologic units, each identified by a hydrologic unit code (HUC). The USGS divides the Tennessee River Basin into two subbasins: the Upper Tennessee River Basin and the Lower Tennessee River Basin. The boundary between these subbasins is TRM 465 on the mainstem of the Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tennessee. (Reference 2.3.1-5)

The CRN Site is located in the Upper Tennessee River Basin. The Upper Tennessee River Basin contains some of the most rugged terrain in the eastern United States, including the Great Smoky Mountains range. The Upper Tennessee River Basin encompasses approximately 21,400 sq mi and includes the entire drainage area of the Tennessee River and its tributaries upstream from the USGS gaging station in Chattanooga, Tennessee. It also includes parts of four states: Tennessee, 11,500 sq mi; North Carolina, 5480 sq mi; Virginia, 3130 sq mi; and 2.3.1-2 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Georgia, 1280 sq mi. Parts of three physiographic provinces (Cumberland Plateau, Valley and Ridge, and Blue Ridge) compose the Upper Tennessee River Basin. Elevations range from 621 feet (ft) above mean sea level (msl) at Chattanooga to 6684 ft msl at Mount Mitchell, which is located just northeast of Asheville, North Carolina, and is the highest point in the eastern United States. (Reference 2.3.1-6)

Tennessee River Management The Tennessee River system, managed by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), is a network of dams and reservoirs that generates power, controls flooding, provides recreational opportunities, and boosts the regional and national economies. The Tennessee River system has approximately 11,000 mi of public shoreline, and under Section 26a of the TVA Act, TVA has the authority to regulate land use and development along the shoreline. TVA owns or operates 49 dams and reservoirs in the mainstem Tennessee and Cumberland watersheds, including nine dams on the Tennessee River (Reference 2.3.1-7). The dams and reservoirs are operated year-round by TVA for the purposes of navigation, flood control, power generation, water supply, water quality, and recreation. Operation of the reservoirs is linked to rainfall and runoff patterns in the watershed. (Reference 2.3.1-8)

Clinch River Watershed The Clinch River originates in Southwest Virginia and flows to the southwest while receiving water from a number of tributaries, including the Powell River, above Norris Dam. The Clinch River is more than 300 mi long, formed by the junction of two forks in southwestern Virginia and flowing generally southwest across eastern Tennessee towards its confluence with the Tennessee River at Kingston, Tennessee. The Clinch River watershed has a drainage area of approximately 4413 sq mi. (Reference 2.3.1-5)

The CRN Site lies within the Lower Clinch River Watershed (USGS HUC 06010207).

Surrounding the Lower Clinch River Watershed are the Powell, Holston, Lower French Broad, Tennessee River (Watts Bar Reservoir), and Emory watersheds. The Lower Clinch River Watershed includes portions of eight counties in East Tennessee including Anderson, Campbell, Grainger, Knox, Loudon, Morgan, Roane, and Union. (Reference 2.3.1-9)

Clinch River Management The CRN Site includes approximately 935 acres (ac) of land on the north side of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir between approximately CRM 14.5 and CRM 19.0. The upstream boundary of the CRN Site is approximately 4.1 mi downstream of Melton Hill Dam, which is located at CRM 23.1. The portion of the Clinch River below Melton Hill Dam is part of Watts Bar Reservoir, an impoundment created by Watts Bar Dam, located on the Tennessee River at TRM 529.9, approximately 52.35 mi downstream of the CRN Site (Reference 2.3.1-2).

There are four dams upstream of the CRN Site which may affect the hydrology of the site:

2.3.1-3 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Norris Dam located at CRM 79.8
  • Melton Hill Dam located at CRM 23.1
  • Whiteoak Dam and Whiteoak Creek Embayment Sediment Control Dam, on Whiteoak Creek located near CRM 21.0 (Reference 2.3.1-3; Reference 2.3.1-10)

Norris Dam is located approximately 60.8 mi upstream from the CRN Site, and forms the Norris Reservoir. Norris Reservoir is the confluence of the Powell and Clinch River basins, and it is one of the largest of TVAs 10 tributary storage reservoirs (Reference 2.3.1-11). The dam was completed in 1936 and is 265 ft high and stretches 1860 ft across the Clinch River. It is a hydroelectric facility with two generating units with a net dependable capacity of 110 megawatts (MWe). With normal rainfall throughout the year, the water level in the reservoir fluctuates approximately 29 ft from summer to winter to provide seasonal flood storage. (Reference 2.3.1-12)

Melton Hill Dam is located on the Clinch River at CRM 23.1, approximately 4.1 river mi upstream of the CRN Site, and forms the Melton Hill Reservoir (Reference 2.3.1-3). The dam was completed in 1963 and is 103 ft high and stretches 1020 ft across the Clinch River. Melton Hill Dam is a hydroelectric facility with two generating units. These two generating units are capable of producing a net dependable capacity of 79 MWe. Melton Hill Reservoir has the only dam in the tributary reservoir system with a navigation lock, which has a 75- by 400-ft chamber and a maximum lift of 60 ft. (Reference 2.3.1-13)

Unlike most of TVAs multipurpose tributary projects, Melton Hill Dam does not provide any significant flood damage reduction benefits, nor does it provide any significant seasonal flow regulation because of the little useful storage volume available. The average weekly discharge from Melton Hill Dam over its lifetime (1962-present) is 4832 cubic ft per second (cfs) with a maximum weekly discharge of 25,455 cfs. Figure 2.3.1-3 shows the expected flow frequency of the weekly average flow from Melton Hill Dam based on 100 years (yr) of reservoir and system simulation conducted for the development of the current reservoir operating policy. The minimum discharge requirement for Melton Hill is 400 cfs average daily flow, but the frequency of this minimum flow continuing for as long as seven days is less than 0.1 percent as shown in Figure 2.3.1-3. (Reference 2.3.1-11)

The two dams on Whiteoak Creek are located near its confluence with the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, near CRM 21.0. The primary dam is Whiteoak Dam, constructed in 1943 to contain radioactive sediment and minimize the spread of contamination from past activities on what is now the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR).

Whiteoak Dam forms the 25-ac Whiteoak Lake, which has a drainage area of 6.0 sq mi.

immediately downstream of the Whiteoak Dam is Whiteoak Creek Embayment, which is separated from the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir by Whiteoak Creek Embayment Sediment Control Dam. The Sediment Control Dam was constructed in 1992 in order to maintain a constant water level and prevent fluctuations in water level in Whiteoak Creek Embayment due to storm flows and TVA power operations. (Reference 2.3.1-14) 2.3.1-4 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Two other dams, neither located on the Clinch River, affect the surface water hydrology of the Watts Bar Reservoir at the CRN Site. These are:

  • Watts Bar Dam, located at TRM 529.9 (Reference 2.3.1-2)
  • Fort Loudoun Dam located at TRM 602.3.

Watts Bar Dam is located on the Tennessee River at TRM 529.9, approximately 52.35 river mi downstream of the CRN Site (Reference 2.3.1-2). Construction on the Watts Bar Dam began 1939 and was completed in 1942. Watts Bar Dam is 112 ft high and stretches 2960 ft across the Tennessee River. All outflows from Watts Bar Reservoir are controlled by releases at Watts Bar Dam. Watts Bar Dam has one lock that is 60 ft by 360 ft and lifts and lowers barges as high as 70 ft from the Watts Bar Reservoir to the Chickamauga Reservoir. The net dependable capacity at Watts Bar Dam is 182 MWe. In addition to forming the navigable reservoir on the Tennessee River, the Watts Bar Dam also creates a slack-water channel for navigation more than 20 mi up the Clinch River to the Melton Hill Dam, and 12 mi up the Emory River. (Reference 2.3.1-7)

Regulated releases of surface water enter Watts Bar Reservoir not only by releases from Melton Hill Dam but also from Fort Loudoun Dam, located on the Tennessee River at TRM 602.3.

Construction on Fort Loudoun Dam began in 1940 and was completed in 1943. Fort Loudoun Dam is 122 ft high and stretches 4190 ft across the Tennessee River. The Fort Loudoun lock is 60 ft by 360 ft, and raises and lowers river craft approximately 70 ft between the Fort Loudoun Reservoir and the Watts Bar Reservoir. The net dependable capacity of Fort Loudouns four units is 162 MWe. Fort Loudoun Reservoir is connected by a short canal to Tellico Reservoir on the nearby Little Tennessee River. Water is diverted through the canal to Fort Loudoun for power production. The canal also offers commercial barges access to Tellico Reservoir without the need for a lock. (Reference 2.3.1-15)

Just downstream of Fort Loudoun Dam, at approximately TRM 601.1, Tellico Dam also can provide regulated releases to Watts Bar Reservoir from the Little Tennessee River. However, Tellico Dam contains only a spillway (i.e., no hydro capabilities), which is operated very rarely, only in extreme flood events.

Local Site Drainage The CRN Site covers approximately 935 ac and is bounded to the west, south, and east by the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir and to the north by the DOE ORR. As stated in Subsection 2.2.1.1 and shown in Figure 2.2-1, a series of roughly parallel ridges of gradually lower elevations stretches from the Chestnut Ridge, near the CRN Site entrance and in the Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area (HPA), to approximately the center of the peninsula.

In addition to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, TVA identified four perennial streams and one intermittent stream on the CRN Site, and one perennial stream and three 2.3.1-5 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report intermittent streams in the Barge/Traffic Area1. Hydrologic flow within all of these streams is affected by precipitation and stormwater runoff. In addition, hydrologic flow within the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir (stream S02) and a tributary to the reservoir (stream S04) are affected by water levels within the reservoir. Hydrologic flow within streams S01, S06, and S08 is also affected by discharge from springs. (Reference 2.3.1-16) Descriptions of these streams are included in Subsection 2.4.2.1.3 and Table 2.4.2-5, and their locations are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2.

TVA also identified 19 ephemeral streams/wet-weather conveyances (WWCs) on the CRN Site, and 15 WWCs at the Barge/Traffic Area (Reference 2.3.1-16). WWCs are natural or constructed drainages that have flow conditions only in direct response to precipitation and stormwater runoff (Reference 2.3.1-17). Descriptions of these WWCs are included in Subsection 2.4.2.1.3 and Table 2.4.2-5, and their locations are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2.

Six man-made ponds were identified on the CRN Site, and two ponds were identified in the Barge/Traffic Area. The ponds on the CRN Site were constructed as part of a stormwater management system, and their hydrology is caused by precipitation and stormwater runoff.

(Reference 2.3.1-16) Descriptions of these ponds are included in Subsection 2.4.2.1.3 and Table 2.4.2-5, and their locations are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2.

Local Wetland Areas TVA identified and delineated 12 wetlands on the CRN Site. Each wetland is described in Subsection 2.4.1.2 and shown on Figure 2.4.1-2. Hydrologic flow within each of these wetlands is affected by precipitation and stormwater runoff. In addition, hydrologic flow within wetlands W003, W005, W007, W008, and W011 is influenced by water levels within the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. Hydrologic flow within four wetlands (W005, W008, W009, and W010) is also affected by groundwater discharge. (Reference 2.3.1-18) TVA also identified and delineated five wetlands at the Barge/Traffic Area. Hydrologic flow within these wetlands is also affected by precipitation and stormwater runoff. In addition, hydrologic flow within one of these wetlands (W017) is influenced by water levels within the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir (Reference 2.3.1-19).

2.3.1.1.2 Reservoir Characteristics Three separate reservoirs can potentially affect, or be affected, by SMR operations. The impoundments are:

  • Melton Hill Reservoir
  • Watts Bar Reservoir 1

Surveys were conducted on the portions of the Barge/Traffic Area (101-ac.) with the highest potential for disturbance that had not been previously surveyed.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Fort Loudoun Reservoir Melton Hill Dam, located on the Clinch River 4.1 mi upstream of the CRN Site, impounds Melton Hill Reservoir and releases water into the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. The Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir is the source and receiving water body for CR SMR plant operations. Fort Loudoun Dam, on the mainstem of the Tennessee River, releases water from Fort Loudon Reservoir into Watts Bar Reservoir. Therefore, operation of the Fort Loudoun Dam can affect water levels and other characteristics of the Watts Bar Reservoir.

Reservoir Description Under flood conditions, TVAs water management objective for Melton Hill, Watts Bar and Fort Loudon Reservoirs and most other dams within the system is to operate the reservoir system to minimize flood damage by timing turbine discharges, gate openings, and spillway discharges as required.

Melton Hill Reservoir is on the Clinch River, extends almost 57 mi upstream from Melton Hill Dam to Norris Dam, and drains approximately 628 sq mi. Figure 2.3.1-1 illustrates the location of Melton Hill Dam and Melton Reservoir relative to the CRN Site. The reservoir provides nearly 193 mi of shoreline and 5470 ac of water surface for recreation. (Reference 2.3.1-13) It is a run-of-river reservoir, meaning water is passed through the reservoir without being stored long-term and allows barge traffic up to Clinton, Tennessee. Melton Hill Reservoir is a multipurpose reservoir providing for navigation, hydroelectric power production, water supply, water quality, and recreation. The average residence time for water in the reservoir is approximately 11 days (Reference 2.3.1-8). Actual elevations of the reservoir immediately upstream of the dam are measured continuously. The elevation range of normal operation fluctuates between 793 and 795 ft msl (Reference 2.3.1-13).

Watts Bar Dam forms the Watts Bar Reservoir. Watts Bar Reservoir is located on the Tennessee River and extends approximately 72.4 mi upstream from Watts Bar Dam to Fort Loudoun Dam (Reference 2.3.1-2). The reservoir drains approximately 17,310 sq mi and has 722 mi of shoreline and over 39,090 ac of water surface. The reservoir has a flood-storage capacity of 379,000 ac-ft. (Reference 2.3.1-7) The average residence time for water in the reservoir is approximately 17 days (Reference 2.3.1-8).

Discharging from Melton Hill Dam, the Clinch River forms only a small portion of the Watts Bar Reservoir. The Tennessee River below Fort Loudoun Dam comprises the main body of the reservoir. The water elevation in Watts Bar Reservoir is controlled by releases from Watts Bar Dam. The water elevation in Watts Bar Reservoir is generally maintained between 735 ft msl and 741 ft msl. (Reference 2.3.1-11)

The CRN Site Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) elevation is 799.9 ft National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD29). The combined effect maximum flood level is 806.0 ft NGVD29.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Fort Loudoun Reservoir is the uppermost in the chain of nine TVA reservoirs that form a continuous navigable channel on the Tennessee River. The average residence time for water in the reservoir is approximately 10 days (Reference 2.3.1-8). The reservoir has 379 mi of shoreline and 14,600 ac of water surface. It has a flood storage capacity of 111,000 ac-ft. To maintain the water depth required for navigation, Fort Loudoun Reservoir is kept at a minimum winter elevation of 807 ft. The typical summer operating elevation is between 812 and 813 ft.

(Reference 2.3.1-15)

River flow direction at the CRN Site can be upstream, downstream, or quiescent, depending on the modes of operation of Melton Hill Dam, Watts Bar Dam, and Fort Loudoun Dam. Flow reversal may occur from an abrupt shutdown of Melton Hill and Watts Bar Dams and by releasing water from Fort Loudoun Dam. (Reference 2.3.1-11)

Reservoir Operating Rules TVA adopted its current reservoir operating policy in 2004 based upon the comprehensive Reservoir Operations Study (ROS), which was conducted in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as well as representatives of other agencies and members of the public. Two of the features of the operating policy pertinent to this discussion are that it was designed to meet the future off-stream water needs in the Tennessee Valley as well as maintain minimum stream flow at critical locations in the Valley. (Reference 2.3.1-11)

The operating policy requires TVA to store water in tributary reservoirs during the spring when there is relatively high surface water flow into the reservoir system for release during the summer when there is relatively little surface water flow into the system. An important requirement of the operating policy is to meet minimum flow targets. Each of the 10 major tributary projects has such a target. There are also system minimum flow targets on main-stem projects. Chickamauga and Kentucky are projects with key system minimum flow targets.

(Reference 2.3.1-11)

The individual tributary project minimum releases provide for instream flow uses such as aquatic habitat in the tailwaters below the projects. These project minimum flows plus additional flow from local tributaries and Chickamauga or Kentucky Dams comprise the system minimum flow.

When the surface water flow from local tributaries is too low to meet the governing system minimum flow target, the tributary project releases are increased until the governing system minimum flow target is reached. (Reference 2.3.1-11)

Because rainfall varies across the watershed from year to year, there are some years when reservoirs on one tributary river have relatively less water in them than reservoirs on another tributary river. The operating policy requires TVA to balance the drawdown from all the tributary projects, which slows the drawdown on reservoirs at relatively low levels and increases the drawdown on reservoirs at relatively high levels. (Reference 2.3.1-11) 2.3.1-8 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report TVA uses Operating Guides for each reservoir to determine the timing and volume of releases from the dams. The Operating Guides are based on decades of operating experience, and are developed to provide seasonal variation in water levels to accommodate flood waters. The Operating Guides provide a daily target for the water elevation in each reservoir. The operating guide for the Headwater Elevation (HWEL) at Watts Bar Dam is shown in Figure 2.3.1-4. In the winter, TVA targets a pool elevation at Watts Bar Dam between approximately 735 ft and 737 ft msl. Between late March and mid-May, the reservoir is filled to the summer operating range, targeting a pool elevation between approximately 740 ft and 741 ft msl. Between late October and early December the pool is returned to the winter operating range.

Intake and Discharge Description As shown in Figure 2.3.1-1, water for the plant cooling system is withdrawn from the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir by an intake structure located near CRM 17.9. Heated water from the plant is returned to the reservoir by a discharge structure located at about CRM 15.5.

Flow To evaluate the hydrothermal impact of the proposed SMRs on Watts Bar Reservoir, TVA conducted a Hydrothermal Task Force study which evaluated the historical data regarding water flow in the reservoir. The following subsection is adapted from the Hydrothermal Task Force Report, and describes the flow information relevant to the analysis of hydrothermal impacts.

The release from Melton Hill Dam is the main source of water for the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir at the CRN Site. The current operating policy of the TVA river system, implemented in 2004, is defined by the TVA Reservoir Operations Study, or ROS (Reference 2.3.1-8). Historical river data used in the hydrothermal analyses was limited to ROS years, beginning in 2004. This is because the operating policy of the TVA river system for the period of operation of the SMRs is expected to be the same as the current ROS operating policy. Under the ROS operating policy, the daily average releases from Melton Hill Dam for 2004 through 2013 are shown in Figure 2.3.1-5. For this period, the overall average release, and consequently the expected approximate average river flow past the CRN Site, is approximately 4670 cfs. The maximum Melton Hill Dam daily average release observed for this period is approximately 21,700 cfs. The minimum single-day average release may be 0 cfs.

The ROS guideline for the minimum daily average release from Melton Hill Dam is 400 cfs.

Shown in Figure 2.3.1-6 is the percentile for the Melton Hill Dam daily average release shown in Figure 2.3.1-5. Approximately 60 percent of the time, the scheduled daily average release for Melton Hill Dam is less than the overall average flow (i.e., less than 4670 cfs). The minimum daily average release of 0 cfs cited above occurred on Monday, December 22, 2008, the day of the coal ash spill in the Emory River at the Kingston Fossil Plant, located approximately 14 mi downstream of the CRN Site. Since the Kingston ash spill, TVA has maintained the 400 cfs minimum daily average release for Melton Hill Dam.

2.3.1-9 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The powerhouse at Melton Hill Dam contains two hydro generating units. The operation of the hydro units can provide a minimum release of between approximately 4000 cfs and 5000 cfs (one unit at minimum load) and a maximum release of between approximately 21,000 cfs and 23,000 cfs (two units at maximum load). On an hourly basis, Melton Hill Dam releases usually are scheduled in keeping with TVAs desire to provide low cost power. In this context, and due to the high flexibility and low fuel cost for hydropower, the Melton Hill Dam daily allotment of water is usually dispatched during those hours when the price for power is at or near the daily peak. In this manner, little or no releases are made during other hours of the day. This scheduling pattern is known as hydro peaking. Figure 2.3.1-7 shows the percentile for Melton Hill Dam hourly releases for the period 2004 through 2013 (i.e., since implementation of the current TVA reservoir operating policy). Approximately 50 percent of the time there are no hourly releases from Melton Hill Dam (i.e., flow of 0 cfs). When the daily allotment of water from Melton Hill Dam is very low (e.g., when dry conditions dictate a daily average flow approaching the ROS minimum of 400 cfs) the daily allotment can be provided by only one hour of hydro operation per day. If this type of operation is provided in the first hour of one day and the last hour of the following day, there can be up to 46 continuous hours of no releases from Melton Hill Dam. Although this is possible when following the current operating policy, such usually does not occur in practice. Figure 2.3.1-8 shows the average annual frequency of no release events from Melton Hill Dam for the period 2004 through 2013. On the average, the number of no release events per year is approximately 425. The average duration of these events is approximately 11.25 hours2.893519e-4 days <br />0.00694 hours <br />4.133598e-5 weeks <br />9.5125e-6 months <br /> (hr). On the average, the number of no release events lasting more than 24 hr is only approximately 9 per yr. Events with no Melton Hill Dam releases for periods in excess of 36 hr are extremely rare, on the average less than one event per year.

Regional Surface Water Evaporation Mean monthly, seasonal, and annual pan evaporation for the Tennessee River Basin was evaluated using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Mean Monthly, Seasonal and Annual Pan Evaporation for the United States technical report. Table 2.3.1-1 lists average pan evaporation based on estimates of monthly evaporation derived from hydrometeorological measurements, using a form of the Penman equation described by Kohler, et. al. in 1955.

Using data from Table 2.3.1-1, average annual evaporation in Tennessee is 52.01 inches (in.),

and average annual evaporation for the Knoxville station near the CRN Site is 50.61 in.

Water Surface Elevation and Current Patterns The water surface elevation (WSEL) for the section of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site, in general, follows the pool elevation at Watts Bar Dam.

The current pattern in the river is usually in the downstream direction. Figure 2.3.1-9 shows the daily average WSEL measured at the CRN Site (at CRM 16.1) and the daily average HWEL measured at the Watts Bar Hydro plant. The data are for 2013. The daily average WSEL at CRM 16.1 varies between 736 and 744.5 ft above mean sea level, a range of approximately 8.5 ft. The WSEL follows the general trend of daily average HWEL at Watts Bar Dam. However, 2.3.1-10 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report differences occur between the WSEL at the CRN Site and WSEL at Watts Bar Dam due to hydraulic conditions between the site and Watts Bar Dam. At the CRN Site, the surface water flow from Melton Hill Dam provides the greatest influence on local variations in WSEL. During periods when the daily average release from Melton Hill Dam was in excess of approximately 5000 cfs (e.g., late January and early February 2013), it was not uncommon for the WSEL at the CRN Site to rise 1.0 ft or more above the HWEL at Watts Bar Dam. This dynamic also occurs at smaller time scales. For example, on an hourly basis, peaking operations at Melton Hill Dam can cause the WSEL at the CRN Site to rise above the HWEL at Watts Bar Dam.

Sloshing of the reservoir from peaking operations at the Watts Bar, Melton Hill, and Fort Loudoun hydro plants also can cause the opposite to occur, with the WSEL at the CRN Site falling below the HWEL at Watts Bar Dam. During these events, the current pattern in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir is reversed, with flow moving upstream rather than downstream.

Figure 2.3.1-10 shows the maximum, minimum, and average values of the daily midnight HWEL at Watts Bar Dam for the period of record from 2004 through 2013 (the years encompassing the current ROS operating policy). Large rainfall/runoff (flood) events caused the HWEL at Watts Bar Dam to spike above the target operating ranges. Such events are apparent in Figure 2.3.1-10.

Temperature and Water Velocity Measurements For the ROS operating period including 2004 and 2008 through 2013, Figure 2.3.1-11 shows an estimate of the hourly water temperature in the tailwater below Melton Hill Dam. The data is a composite of information from several locations. These include: (1) monitors on the taildeck at Melton Hill Dam, (2) monitors for the generator cooling water inside the dam, (3) a monitor in the tailrace about 0.5 miles downstream of the dam (CRM 22.6), and (4) a monitor in the river about 19.2 mi downstream (CRM 3.9). Composite data are used because no single monitor provides valid data throughout the entire period of record. For years 2005, 2006, and 2007, equipment outages with the Melton Hill Dam taildeck monitors resulted in no usable data for those years.

Composite data from the other locations are used primarily for 2004 and the first part of 2008.

Almost all of the data after May 2008 are from the monitor in the tailrace about 0.5 mi downstream of the Melton Hill Dam.

In general, the water temperature for the portion of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir immediately below Melton Hill Dam depends not only on meteorology, but also on the manner of operation of TVA facilities located upstream. Norris Dam, located at CRM 79.8, provides significant storage of cold water from winter and spring rainfall/runoff. Therefore, the manner of operation of Norris throughout the summer impacts the arrival of cold water at Melton Hill Dam. The Bull Run Fossil Plant, located at CRM 47.0, adds heat to Melton Hill Reservoir, thereby contributing to temperature stratification behind Melton Hill Dam. With this, scheduling of the number, magnitude, and duration of operation of the two hydro units at Melton Hill Dam affects the character of the withdrawal zone for the hydro intakes, and consequently the temperature of the water released downstream. All of these factors are represented in the 2.3.1-11 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report variability exhibited by the data in Figure 2.3.1-11. Because the basic operating policy of ROS is expected to continue in the future, the data in Figure 2.3.1-11 are considered adequate for estimating the potential range in release water temperature from Melton Hill Dam. The record encompassing 2004 and 2008 through 2013 includes a year of extreme drought (2008), a year of extreme rainfall (2013), a year of extreme summer heating (2010), and a year of extreme winter cooling (2011).

Figure 2.3.1-12 shows the daily maximum, minimum, and average values of the hourly temperature data presented in Figure 2.3.1-11. The data suggest hourly release temperatures from Melton Hill Dam range between approximately 39 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in the winter and 75°F in the summer. The minimum reading occurred in 2010 and the maximum reading occurred in 2012. The proposed discharge structure for the CRN Site is located approximately 7.65 mi downstream of Melton Hill Dam. Depending on meteorology, the surface water in this reach may be cooled or warmed before it arrives at the SMR discharge. To examine the potential magnitude of this cooling and warming, 2013 data were examined for hourly water temperature measurements collected from the Melton Hill Dam tailrace monitor at CRM 22.6 and a temporary monitor installed at CRM 16.1. The percentile for the change in water temperature between the upstream (CRM 22.6) and downstream (CRM 16.1) monitor locations is shown in Figure 2.3.1-13. As shown, the change in hourly temperature generally varied between about -1°F to +3°F. As a result, for examining thermal impacts on the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, the ambient temperature of the surface water was assumed to range between a minimum of 38°F (winter) and maximum of 78°F (summer).

In 2013, the temperature profile of the reservoir was also measured at CRM 13.0, 16.1, and 19.0, in order to evaluate the thermal regime and the presence of thermal stratification in the reach of the reservoir near the CRN Site. CRM 16.1 is near the proposed discharge location, and CRM 19.0 is approximately 1 mi upstream of the proposed intake location. Data were collected on a 15-minute basis. The profile at CRM 13.0 included measurements at depths of 3 ft, 10 ft, 20 ft, and at a bottom anchor. The measurements at CRM 16.1 were made at depths of 5, 10, and 15 ft. The measurements at CRM 19.0 were made at 3, 10, and 15 ft. At CRM 13.0, the water temperature differences between the 3 ft sensor and the bottom were generally on the order of 2-4°F during the summer months and typically less than a degree during the winter months. The largest temperature gradient at all three locations occurred within the surface layer of the river. At the two upstream locations, the gradient between the surficial and deeper depths was even smaller than at CRM 13.0. The temperature difference at CRM 13.0 from the 10-ft depth to the bottom was minimal, typically on the order of 0.1 to 0.3°F. The temperature gradient in summer often had a typical diurnal pattern, with a temperature peak occurring in the afternoon due to surficial warming during the hottest time of the day. This daily temperature gradient was then either flushed out by daily dam releases, or its heat dissipated with nighttime atmospheric cooling.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Bathymetry In support of the hydrologic evaluation of the CRN Site, TVA performed hydrographic surveys of the Watts Bar Reservoir from CRM 13 to CRM 21. The surveys were performed in June 2013, using an automated sounding system operating at 200 khz. The survey consisted of 762 transects across the reservoir, and an additional 96 transects across the Emory River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir.

A prominent feature of the bathymetry of the reservoir near the CRN Site is the presence of a submerged island near CRM 15.9. The bathymetry at this location is shown in Figure 2.3.1-14.

The conceptual plot plan for the CR SMR Project originally planned for the discharge to be located at CRM 15.9, directly adjacent to this feature. Based on TVAs hydrothermal modeling for the SMR discharge, TVA noted that the presence of this feature would encumber the mixing of the thermal effluent, resulting in a thermal plume hugging the shoreline. As a result, TVA modified the discharge location to approximately CRM 15.5, which is downstream of the island and in a location where the bathymetry would not interfere with mixing.

Erosion and Sediment Transport There are currently no site-specific data available on erosion and sediment transport in the vicinity of the CRN Site as evaluations rely on specific characteristics of the final plant design.

This information is to be developed as the facility design is completed, and is evaluated as part of the combined license application.

2.3.1.2 Groundwater Regional and local groundwater resources that could be affected by the construction and operation of the CRN Site are described in this subsection. Note that all references to elevation given in this subsection are to North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) unless otherwise specified.

2.3.1.2.1 Description and Onsite Use This subsection describes the regional and local groundwater resources that could be affected by the construction and operation of the CRN Site.

The hydrogeologic conceptual model presented in this subsection was developed from multiple conceptual hydrogeologic models that vary in scale and hydrostratigraphic framework.

Considerations of the scale and framework were not mutually exclusive, but were intertwined during a series of steps designed to develop a tenable site hydrogeologic conceptual model.

Five steps were involved in the development of the scale-dependent conceptual models, and include:

1. A regional desktop study based on published state, Federal (including TVA and DOE ORR studies) and other sources.

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

2. A review of documentation to address the previously proposed, demonstration Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) to be constructed at the site, including site-specific studies performed for the purpose of the CRBRP (Reference 2.3.1-20).
3. Review of preliminary SMR plant layout, plot plans and excavation plans for the CRN Site.
4. A site-specific geotechnical, geologic, and hydrogeologic field study conducted for the proposed CRN Site (Reference 2.3.1-21).
5. An evaluation of site-specific data in conjunction with regional and local information.

The first step of site model conceptualization involved formulating an understanding of the hydrogeologic conditions near the CRN Site including the ORR and surrounding areas.

Regional geologic and hydrogeologic information available from the USGS, Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), DOE, TVA, and other sources were reviewed to identify the hydrogeologic framework of the area. The second step involved a review of documentation addressing local hydrogeologic conditions such as that available from the DOE and the subsurface studies performed in support of CRBRP previously proposed at the CRN Site. The third step was a review of the preliminary CR SMR plant layout, plot plans and excavation plans developed for the conceptual placement of the SMRs that could be constructed at the CRN Site.

During the fourth step, a site-specific subsurface investigation (SI) was implemented at the proposed CRN Site. The hydrogeologic aspects of the SI were based on the preliminary conceptual model (developed as described above) and were modified when appropriate during the field program (as field data were collected and evaluated), as the understanding of site-specific conditions for SMR construction evolved.

The fifth step involved analysis of the SI field data with the regional and local information. From this effort, site-specific data were integrated with existing CRN Site information and local and regional information to formulate the conceptual site model described in the following sections.

The conceptual model was then evaluated to determine potential changes to the hydrogeologic system as the result of constructing and operating the SMR units.

Physiography and Geomorphology The CRN Site is located in Roane County, Tennessee, within the City of Oak Ridge (Figure 2.3.1-15). The CRN Site is approximately 10.7 mi southwest of the center of the City of Oak Ridge, with the site and the city center separated by the ORR. The City of Kingston is approximately 7.2 mi west of the CRN Site. The closest major metropolitan center is Knoxville, approximately 25.2 mi to the east-northeast of the CRN Site.

The site is located on a peninsula formed by a meander of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir between approximately river miles 14.5 and 19. Headwaters of the Clinch River are in Tazewell County, Virginia. From its headwater, the Clinch River flows approximately 350 mi in a southwesterly direction to its confluence with the Tennessee River near Kingston, Tennessee, 2.3.1-14 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report approximately 6 mi west of the CRN Site. The Clinch River basin is in an area of comparatively narrow parallel ridges and somewhat broader intervening valleys oriented in a northeast-southwest direction. The northwestern boundary of the basin is formed by the Cumberland Mountains, which range up to 4200 ft in elevation; the southeastern boundary follows Clinch Mountain and Black Oak Ridge with elevations ranging up to 4700 ft. (Reference 2.3.1-20)

Water levels in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, which surrounds the CRN Site to the east, south, and west, are regulated by TVA. The water elevation in Watts Bar Reservoir is generally maintained between 735 ft msl and 741 ft msl (Reference 2.3.1-11). Plant grade is at an elevation of approximately 821 ft NAVD 88; placing the SMRs about 80 ft above the water level of the river.

The CRN Site is located in eastern Tennessee near the western boundary of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province. The Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province is characterized by folded and faulted sedimentary geologic units of Paleozoic age, which produces a series of valleys and ridges. This province extends south through Georgia and Alabama and north to Pennsylvania and New Jersey (Reference 2.3.1-22).

In eastern Tennessee, the processes of folding, faulting, and erosion have resulted in a series of northeast trending ridges and valleys. Compressive forces from the southeast have caused these rocks to yield, first by folding and subsequently by repeated breaking along a series of thrust faults (Reference 2.3.1-22). This successive faulting has resulted in several outcropping units in the area that occur in parallel belts aligned roughly with the topography. The folding/faulting process has produced a repeated sequence of outcropping units. Major units present in the area include, from youngest to oldest, the Chickamauga Group, the Knox Group, the Conasauga Group, and the Rome Formation. All are composed primarily of Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate rocks. The dip of these formations is to the southeast in nearby Melton Valley in ORR (east of the CRN Site). Rock units generally strike between 50 and 60 degrees northeast, while dips vary with proximity to faults (Reference 2.3.1-23). Dips in Melton Valley are more gentle (10 to 20 degrees) away from the fault and steeper close to faults (45 to 90 degrees) (Reference 2.3.1-23). The extent of the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region in eastern Tennessee is shown in Figure 2.3.1-16.

The topography of the site has been altered by anthropogenic changes. In 1972, the site was selected for permitting and construction of the CRBRP (Reference 2.3.1-24). Site preparation for the CRBRP began in September 1982. A Limited Work Authorization was granted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in May 1983. Excavation for the nuclear island was completed in September 1983. Approximately three million cubic yards of earth and rock were excavated from the site (Reference 2.3.1-24). The Secretary of Energy issued a statement in October 1983 that the department would terminate the project. In November of that year, an agreement was reached by the DOE, TVA, the affected utilities and project stakeholders to begin an orderly termination of the project (Reference 2.3.1-24).

2.3.1-15 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The topography of the site prior to alteration as the result of the CRBRP site preparation is described in the CRBRP Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) (Reference 2.3.1-20). A representation of the pre-construction topography and site geology is shown in Figure 2.3.1-17.

The site was characterized as a series of parallel ridges separated by long, narrow valleys extending in a northeast-southwest direction. It was reported that there were no perennial streams on the site; however, after a heavy rain, surface water flowed from the ridges into the valleys and subsequently into the river. It was anticipated that construction of the CRBRP would not significantly alter the drainage pattern of the site (Reference 2.3.1-20).

The topography of the approximately 935-ac CRN Site is shown in Figure 2.3.1-18 as a hillshade map based on a recent Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) survey of the site area.

Areas of disturbance as the result of CRBRP site preparation and excavation can be seen by the flattened hillshade areas in Figure 2.3.1-19. The ground surface elevation varies from approximately 740 ft at the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir to over 1100 ft along Chestnut Ridge at the northwestern site boundary. At the CRN Site Powerblock Area (Figure 2.3.1-18), the ground surface elevation is approximately 800 ft with the exception of the CRBRP partially backfilled excavation area.

A more detailed discussion of the regional and local surface water features and geologic descriptions are presented in Subsection 2.3.1.1 and Section 2.6., respectively.

Regional Hydrogeology and Groundwater Aquifers As previously stated, the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province is characterized by a sequence of folded and faulted, northeast-trending Paleozoic sedimentary rocks that form a series of alternating valleys and ridges. The Valley and Ridge Province in the eastern part of Tennessee is underlain by rocks that are primarily Cambrian and Ordovician in age. Minor Silurian, Devonian, and Mississippian rocks also are present in the province. In general, soluble carbonate rocks and easily eroded shale underlie the valleys in the province, and more erosion-resistant siltstone, sandstone, and some cherty dolomite underlie ridges (Reference 2.3.1-22).

The arrangement of the northeast-trending valleys and ridges and the broad expanse of the Cambrian and the Ordovician rocks are the result of a combination of folding, thrust faulting, and erosion. Compressive forces from the southeast have caused these rocks to yield, first by folding and subsequently by repeatedly breaking along a series of thrust faults (Reference 2.3.1-22). The result of this faulting is that geologic formations can be repeated several times across the faults. In eastern Tennessee, the thrust faults are closely spaced and are more responsible than the folds for the present distribution of the rocks. Following the folding and thrusting, erosion produced the sequence of ridges and valleys on the present land surface.

The principal aquifers in the Valley and Ridge Province consist of carbonate rocks that are Cambrian, Ordovician, and Mississippian in age as shown in Figure 2.3.1-20. These aquifers are typically present in valleys and rarely present on broad, dissected ridges; and underlie more 2.3.1-16 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report than half of the Valley and Ridge Province in Tennessee. Most of the carbonate-rock aquifers are directly connected to sources of recharge, such as rivers or lakes, and solution activity has enlarged the original openings in the carbonate rocks. Other types of rocks in the province can yield large quantities of water to wells where they are fractured or contain solution openings or are directly hydraulically connected to sources of recharge (Reference 2.3.1-22).

Groundwater in aquifers primarily is stored in and moves through fractures, bedding planes, and solution openings in the rocks. These types of openings are secondary features that developed after the rocks were deposited and lithified. Little primary porosity and permeability remain in these rocks after the process of lithification. Some groundwater moves through primary pore spaces between the particles that constitute the alluvium along streams and the residuum of weathered material that overlies most of the rocks in the area (Reference 2.3.1-22).

In the carbonate rocks, the fractures and bedding planes have been enlarged by dissolution of part of the rocks. Slightly acidic water, especially that circulating in the upper 200 to 300 ft of the zone of saturation, dissolves some of the calcite and dolomite that compose the principal aquifers. Most of this dissolution takes place along fractures and bedding planes where the largest volumes of acidic groundwater flow (Reference 2.3.1-22).

Groundwater movement in the Valley and Ridge Province in eastern Tennessee is localized, in part, by the repeating lithology created by thrust faulting and, in part, by streams. Major streams are parallel to the northeast-trending valleys and ridges, and tributary streams are perpendicular to the valleys and ridges. Older rocks (primarily the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation) have been displaced upward over the top of younger rocks (the Chickamauga and the Knox Groups) along thrust fault planes, forming a repeating sequence of permeable and less permeable hydrogeologic units. The repeating sequence, coupled with the stream network, divides the area into a series of adjacent, isolated, shallow groundwater flow systems. Within these local flow systems, most of the groundwater movement takes place within 300 ft of land surface. In recharge areas, most of the groundwater flows across the strike of the rocks. The water moves from the ridges where the water levels are high toward lower water levels adjacent to major streams that flow parallel to the long axes of the valleys as shown on Figure 2.3.1-21.

Most of the groundwater is discharged directly to local springs or streams, but some of it moves along the strike of the rocks, following highly permeable fractures, bedding planes, and solution zones to finally discharge at more distant springs or streams. Although fracture zones locally are present in the clastic rocks, the highly permeable zones, which are primarily present in the carbonate rocks, act as collectors and conduits for the water (Reference 2.3.1-22).

The most important aquifers in the Valley and Ridge Province in eastern Tennessee are the carbonate rocks underlying the majority of the province. The Knox Group is the most important aquifer in eastern Tennessee. Of particular interest, near the CRN Site, are the Chickamauga Group and the Knox Group (Reference 2.3.1-20). Most of the carbonate-rock aquifers are directly connected to surface water such as rivers and lakes. Other types of rocks can yield large quantities of water to wells where they are fractured, contain solution openings, or are hydraulically connected to a source of recharge (Reference 2.3.1-22).

2.3.1-17 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Secondary porosity features, in the form of bedding planes, fractures, and solution openings, comprise the primary flow pathways in the Valley and Ridge Province, as most rocks in the province have low primary porosity. Regolith layers are composed of clayey soils and saprolite.

Typical conceptual cross sections in the province consist of a storm-flow zone near the surface, a less permeable vadose zone, and a groundwater zone consisting of fractured bedrock with fracture density decreasing with depth (Reference 2.3.1-25). Groundwater flow is generally from recharge areas at high elevation (ridges) to local streams and rivers at lower elevations. The repeating geological sequences described above along with the regional stream network can create a series of adjacent, isolated, shallow groundwater flow systems (Reference 2.3.1-22).

Long-term average annual precipitation is approximately 50 in. in the vicinity of the CRN Site, with an estimated long-term average runoff of 25 to 30 in. (Reference 2.3.1-22). Most of the precipitation that percolates downward becomes groundwater recharge to the shallow aquifers; a small portion enters the deep aquifer. Mixing at depth in carbonate formations have also been studied (Reference 2.3.1-26).

Well yields in the Valley and Ridge Province vary from 1 to 2500 gallons per minute (gpm)

(Reference 2.3.1-22). The largest yields are from wells completed in Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate rocks (e.g., the Knox Group). Wells completed in the middle and lower parts of the Chickamauga Group, the Knox Group, and the upper part of the Conasauga Group have reported yields around 500 gpm in some locations. The median yield of wells completed in the principal aquifers range from about 11 to 350 gpm (Reference 2.3.1-22).

Spring discharges also vary greatly across the Valley and Ridge Province, ranging from about 1 to 5000 gpm, with median discharges from the principal aquifers varying from 20 to 175 gpm (Reference 2.3.1-22). The largest spring discharges issue from limestone formations of the Chickamauga Group; springs from the Knox Group have reported discharges as high as 4000 gpm (Reference 2.3.1-22). Spring discharges can be highly dependent on rainfall with some springs discharging as much as 10 times more water during high precipitation events as compared to periods of little rainfall (Reference 2.3.1-22). Wet-weather perched water tables and intermittent springs have been noted to occur (Reference 2.3.1-25).

Groundwater on the ORR, which is adjacent to the CRN Site, occurs in the unsaturated zone as transient, shallow subsurface storm flow as well as within the deeper saturated zone (Reference 2.3.1-27). An unsaturated zone of variable thickness separates the stormflow zone and water table. Adjacent to surface water features or in valley floors, the water table is found at shallow depths where the stormflow and unsaturated zones are undistinguishable. Along the ridge tops or near high topographic areas, the unsaturated zone is thick, and the water table often lies at considerable depths (approximately 50 to more than 150 ft).

Recharge of the groundwater system is reported to be strongly seasonal at the ORR. The amount of water that recharges the groundwater zone is highly variable depending on the shallow soil characteristics, permeability and degree of regolith fracturing beneath the soil, and the presence of dolines and man-made paved or covered areas. Higher recharge is expected in 2.3.1-18 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report areas of karst hydrogeology such as the Knox aquifer. In the ORR aquitards, groundwater is transmitted through fractures (Reference 2.3.1-27).

The chemical quality of water in the freshwater parts of the Valley and Ridge aquifers is similar for shallow wells and springs. The water is hard, a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type, and typically has a dissolved-solids concentration of 170 parts per million (ppm) or less. The ranges of concentrations are thought to be indicators of the depth and rate at which groundwater flows through the carbonate-rock aquifers. In general, the smaller values for a constituent represent water that is moving rapidly along shallow, short flow paths from recharge areas to points of discharge. This water has been in the aquifers for a short time and has accordingly dissolved only small quantities of aquifer material. Conversely, the larger values represent water that is moving more slowly along deep, long flow paths. Such water has been in contact with aquifer minerals for a longer time and thus has had greater opportunity to dissolve the minerals. Also, water that moves into deeper parts of the aquifers can mix with saltwater (brine) that might be present at depth (Reference 2.3.1-22).

The chemical characteristics of the groundwater in the ORR aquitards range from a mixed-cation-bicarbonate water type at shallow depths to a sodium-bicarbonate water type at deeper depths, to sodium-calcium-chloride water type as evidenced from very deep wells.

These chloride-rich waters appear to be a zone of dilution on top of deeper saline sodium-calcium-chloride brines, similar to those encountered within the Conasauga Group at depths greater than 1000 ft in Melton Valley (Reference 2.3.1-26). The Knox aquifer is characterized by a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate water type.

The hydrogeologic conditions at the CRN Site are similar to those observed at the ORR with the exception of land disturbance areas resulting from earlier site work performed for the CRBRP where excavations and fill material are present.

Local Hydrogeology Description of the local hydrogeology is based on information from the adjacent ORR. The hydrogeology of the ORR is defined by two broad hydrogeologic groups: the Knox aquifer consisting of the Knox Group and the Maynardville Limestone and the ORR aquitards, which include the Chickamauga Group, Conasauga Group, and the Rome Formation (Reference 2.3.1-28). In the vertical dimension, the Knox aquifer and the ORR aquitards are subdivided into:

  • The stormflow zone, which is a thin region at the surface where transient, precipitation generated flow accounts for 90 percent or more of the water moving through the subsurface.
  • The vadose zone is the unsaturated zone above the water table, which varies in thickness from nearly non-existent along stream channels to greater than 100 ft beneath ridges underlain by the Knox aquifer.

2.3.1-19 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • The groundwater zone, which is continuously saturated and is the region where most of the remaining 10 percent of subsurface flow occurs. This zone is typically encountered near the top of bedrock.
  • The aquiclude is a zone within the bedrock, within which water movement, if it occurs, probably is on the scale of thousands of years or more.

Chickamauga Group The Middle to Upper Ordovician age Chickamauga Group consists of limestone, shale, and siltstone. In eastern Tennessee it is subdivided into upper, middle, and lower parts. The upper part of the Chickamauga consists of 700 to 1000 ft of limestone and shale. The middle and lower parts, together range in thickness from about 2000 to 6000 ft, consisting of limestones, shales, and siltstone (Reference 2.3.1-20). However, due to thrust faulting, the entire Chickamauga Group sequence is frequently not present (Figure 2.3.1-20) The lower and middle parts of the Chickamauga Group are generally considered to be better aquifers than the upper part (Reference 2.3.1-20). Figure 2.3.1-22 presents the subdivisions of the Chickamauga Group based on the stratigraphy of Bethel Valley in the ORR (Reference 2.3.1-29). The unit designations developed by Stockdale were used during the CRBRP investigation (Reference 2.3.1-30). The formation names shown on the figure are the names used in this investigation.

Groundwater in the Chickamauga Group is largely restricted to fractures which have been enlarged by solutioning. The fracturing of the formation by folding has resulted in a system of cavities which are more or less interconnected. The quality of water in the Chickamauga Group is varied and is influenced by local topography, local land-use patterns, depth below ground surface at which the formation is encountered, and small scale geologic considerations (Reference 2.3.1-20). Many springs occur at the shale-limestone contacts and where solution-widened joints or fractures extend to ground surface in topographic lows. In the lower and middle parts of the Chickamauga limestones, small springs are common, and several can yield more than 450 gpm. Wells in these rocks usually have low yields when located on hills or other topographic highs and have larger yields when located near permanent streams. In the upper part of the Chickamauga limestones, some springs can yield more than 100 gpm (Reference 2.3.1-20).

Knox Group The Upper Cambrian to Lower Ordovician age Knox Group is the most important aquifer in eastern Tennessee. The Knox Group consists of 2000 to 3000 ft thickness of dolomites, limestones, and sandstones. The Knox Group in eastern Tennessee is subdivided into five formations:

  • Mascot Dolomite
  • Kingsport Formation
  • Longview Dolomite 2.3.1-20 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Chepultepec Dolomite
  • Copper Ridge Dolomite (Reference 2.3.1-29)

The occurrence of water is controlled by the extent of solution enlargement of fractures (that are the result of ancient folding and faulting). Numerous springs are found in these rocks and the water is generally of good quality. The yield of water to wells ranges from small to large.

Generally the largest fractures and thus greatest well yields are found in the first few hundred ft of formation depth (Reference 2.3.1-20).

Conasauga Group The Middle to Upper Cambrian age Conasauga Group shows lithofacies changes along north-south trending belts from clastics in the west to carbonates in the east. The site area falls within the central area of the group, which exhibits an interfingering of clastic and carbonate deposits. Six formations can be identified within the group:

  • Maynardville Limestone
  • Nolichucky Shale
  • Dismal Gap formation (formerly Maryville Limestone)
  • Rogersville Shale
  • Friendship formation (formerly Rutledge Limestone)
  • Pumpkin Valley Shale The Conasauga Group has an average thickness of approximately 1800 ft in Melton and Bear Creek Valleys. The Maynardville Limestone is associated with the overlying Knox Group and functions as a single hydrologic unit known as the Knox aquifer. The remainder of the group is considered to be an aquitard (Reference 2.3.1-29).

Rome Formation The Early Cambrian age Rome Formation is the oldest bedrock unit exposed in the site area.

The Rome Formation consists of mixed siliciclastic and carbonate rocks. The lithologies represented in the formation include sandstone, siltstone, and shale with dolomite and dolomitic sandstone intervals. Studies have suggested that the true stratigraphic thickness of this formation is between 300 and 400 ft. This formation is considered to be an aquitard (Reference 2.3.1-29).

Unconsolidated Deposits The unconsolidated deposits in the CRN Site area typically consist of four types: residuum, colluvium, alluvium, and anthropogenic materials.

2.3.1-21 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Residuum The residuum is composed of the remains of bedrock weathering. In the site area bedrock weathers to a clayey residual soil, which locally contains chert gravel. During the CRBRP investigation, the thickness of the residuum was found to vary from 1 to 78 ft, depending on the type of underlying bedrock (Reference 2.3.1-20).

Colluvium Colluvium is an unconsolidated deposit sometimes found at the toe of a slope, and it represents material that has been moved by gravity. Colluvial deposits are generally identified by a lack of residual rock structure (bedding or joints) with disoriented rock fragments. This material tends to have more rock fragments than either residuum or alluvium. Colluvial deposits may be reworked by surface water action resulting in a hybrid colluvium-alluvium mixture (Reference 2.3.1-29).

Alluvium The alluvium includes deposits by the Clinch River and smaller tributary streams. During the CRBRP investigation, alluvial terrace deposits were identified on the site. These deposits consisted of silty clay with thin layers of rounded quartz, chert, and quartzite gravel. Additionally a sand and clay alluvial layer was found to occur in the Clinch River floodplain, with a thickness of approximately 32 ft (Reference 2.3.1-20).

Anthropogenic Materials Anthropogenic materials are primarily associated with artificial backfill. These materials include overburden and shot-rock (i.e., rock that has been excavated by blasting). Materials were excavated during site preparation for the CRBRP. These materials were moved and placed to facilitate laydown and parking area construction and to implement the site redress plan, when the project was canceled (Reference 2.3.1-24).

Summary of Local Hydrogeology Figure 2.3.1-23 shows the vertical relationship of the bedrock subdivisions for the Knox aquifer and the ORR aquitards. The figure indicates that fracture frequency decreases and the concentrations of sodium and chloride increase in the groundwater with increasing depth.

Numerous groundwater investigations have been performed at the ORR providing hydrogeologic property data for the bedrock units. Testing has included slug tests, packer tests, aquifer pumping tests, and tracer tests (Appendix 2.3-A). Figure 2.3.1-24 summarizes the hydraulic conductivity test results (box and whisker plot and hydraulic conductivity versus depth) by geologic formation and by depth below ground surface. The hydraulic conductivity by depth graph suggests that at approximately 100 ft below ground surface (bgs), hydraulic conductivities decrease with depth, although this trend is less obvious in the Knox aquifer, since both fracturing and solutioning are active in this unit. Figure 2.3.1-25 summarizes the results of 2.3.1-22 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report selected aquifer pumping tests performed on the ORR (presented in Appendix 2.3-A). The statistics presented on the figure indicate a geometric mean transmissivity of 32.5 feet squared per day (ft2/d) and a storage coefficient of 5.9 x 10-4 ft2/d for the Conasauga Group tests.

Additional hydrogeologic parameters for the stormflow and groundwater zones on the ORR are summarized on Table 2.3.1-2. The information presented in Table 2.3.1-2 suggests the transmissivity values for the ORR aquitards are approximately one order of magnitude less than those of the Knox aquifer.

Site Specific Hydrogeology Site specific hydrogeology has been investigated during the CRBRP licensing effort and preparation for the early site permit application.

CRBRP Investigation As part of the licensing activities for the CRBRP, the site was investigated by drilling 129 borings, installing 37 observation wells, installing 11 piezometers, and performing 117 bedrock packer permeability tests in boreholes. The investigation also included collection of groundwater level data and performing a survey of local groundwater users (Reference 2.3.1-20). Abandoned wells from the CRBRP were identified on site. The identified CRBRP wells will be evaluated for closure in accordance with applicable TVA and TDEC requirements.

The CRBRP SI identified four bedrock joint set orientations at the site:

  • N52°E 37°SE
  • N52°E 58°NW
  • N25°W 80°SW
  • N65°W 75°NE (Reference 2.3.1-20)

The predominant joint set is oriented N52°E 37°SE, which corresponds with the bedding plane partings in bedrock. The N52°E 58°NW joint set has a joint spacing of between one and six ft (Reference 2.3.1-20).

The results of the CRBRP packer hydraulic conductivity tests are shown on Figure 2.3.1-26 (and presented in Appendix 2.3-B), includes summary plots (box and whisker and hydraulic conductivity vs. depth) of the packer test results. The results can be classified in three groups:

the Chickamauga long interval tests (test section length 40 ft and greater), the Chickamauga discrete interval tests (test section length less than 40 ft), and the Knox Group tests. The CRBRP packer-test-derived hydraulic conductivity results are similar to hydraulic conductivity test results from the ORR. Both sets of results indicate a decreasing trend in hydraulic conductivity at depths greater than approximately 100 ft bgs.

2.3.1-23 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Water level measurements on the site indicated fluctuation in water levels as much as 20 ft.

Maximum water levels were observed in January and February and minimum water levels were observed in October and November. Movement of groundwater is described as generally from topographically high areas to topographic lows; however, this pattern is modulated by the extent of weathering in the bedrock. Ultimately, the Clinch River acts as a sink for site groundwater flow. The investigation concluded that major ridges on the site may be regarded as approximate locations of groundwater divides (Reference 2.3.1-20).

CRN Site Investigation The CRN Site field investigation included drilling 82 borings, installing 3 test pits, installing 44 wells, and performing in-situ/ex-situ tests on soil, rock, and groundwater. Groundwater characterization activities included monitoring groundwater levels and performing packer tests in boreholes, slug tests in monitoring wells, an aquifer pumping test, and groundwater geochemical sampling. Groundwater level monitoring is discussed in Subsections 2.3.1.2.2.2 and 2.3.1.2.2.3, aquifer properties are discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.2.4, and geochemical results are discussed in Subsection 2.3.3.2.

The locations of observation wells installed during this investigation are shown on Figure 2.3.1-18 and well installation details are provided on Table 2.3.1-3. The figure and table include permanent observation wells (OW prefix) and supplemental wells (PT-OW and PT-PW prefixes) installed for the aquifer pumping test. Well suffixes of U, L, and D were assigned to wells to designate the upper, lower, and deeper monitoring zones respectively. The screened depth intervals for the site observation wells for the upper monitoring zone range from 15 to 105 ft bgs, the lower monitoring zone range from 89 to 178 ft bgs, and the deeper monitoring zone range from 176 to 297 ft bgs.

A three-well cluster was installed east of the OW-101 well cluster, at boring location MP-422 (OW-422 U, L and D). During well completion, groundwater contamination was observed in OW-422L, and TVA notified TDEC and provided it with results of well sampling. The contamination was determined to be non-radiological petroleum products. Due to the contamination in OW-422L, this well cluster (OW-422 U, L and D) was not developed; however, it remains in place, locked and under TVA control. TVA has no plans to perform any additional work in the location, and TDEC will make a determination regarding the disposition of the well.

Because the wells were not developed and monitoring of water levels in these wells was not performed, the OW-422 well series is not included in the discussion of site observation wells.

Well clusters OW-428 and OW-429 (installed north and south of the OW-422 cluster) were installed to provide replacement geological/groundwater data.

Additional as-built information for the site wells is presented in the Data Report for Geotechnical Exploration and Testing (Reference 2.3.1-21). All permanent observation wells at the CRN Site were sampled after well development and no evidence of petroleum products was observed in the wells. The contamination seems to be restricted to the immediate well OW-422 area since no evidence of petroleum products were observed before and after the 72-hr 2.3.1-24 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report pumping test conducted near the OW-423 U, L, and D well cluster (up dip of OW-422L). The hydrogeology of the CRN Site is expected to be similar to the hydrogeology of the ORR as a result of the sites physical proximity and similarity in geology. The primary differences are in the storm-flow and vadose zones at the CRN Site. The extensive excavation and reworking of unconsolidated and weathered bedrock materials associated with the CRBRP site preparation has either significantly modified or obliterated these zones at the CRN Site.

Groundwater Sources and Sinks This subsection describes the regional, local, and site-specific discharge and recharge areas, mechanisms, and characteristics of the different aquifer units.

Groundwater Discharge Natural discharge of the Valley and Ridge Province aquifers is primarily through streams, rivers, springs and evapotranspiration. In the site area, the Clinch River acts as a sink to which all groundwater at the site migrates (Reference 2.3.1-20).

Studies performed by the DOE for the Melton Valley offsite monitoring system, which is located approximately two miles east of the CRN Site, investigated the groundwater flow relationship with the Clinch River (Reference 2.3.1-31). Figure 2.3.1-27 presents a section through the river showing the head distribution. This head distribution suggests discharge to the Clinch River from the surrounding groundwater system.

Groundwater Recharge Groundwater recharge is derived primarily from precipitation. Although periodic recharge from the Clinch River during high stages of the river may also be occurring, this is not considered to represent a significant part of the recharge to the aquifer. Recharge is most effective in those areas where the overburden soils are thin and permeable. Recharge may also occur through sinkholes that penetrate relatively thick and impervious formations (Reference 2.3.1-20).

2.3.1.2.2 Groundwater Sources This subsection contains information pertaining to sole-source aquifers, groundwater flow directions and hydraulic gradients, seasonal and long-term variations of groundwater levels, hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity of the geologic formations. This information has been organized into five subcategories: (1) identification of sole source aquifers, (2) groundwater flow directions, (3) temporal groundwater trends, (4) aquifer properties, and (5) hydrogeochemical characteristics.

Sole Source Aquifers A sole-source aquifer is defined as the sole or principal source of drinking water that supplies 50 percent or more of drinking water for an area, with no reasonable available alternative sources 2.3.1-25 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report should the aquifer becomes contaminated. Figure 2.3.1-28 shows the location of sole-source aquifers in U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 4, which encompasses Tennessee. Because surface water is abundant in the area, the EPAs Sole Source Aquifer Program has not identified any sole source aquifers in Tennessee as shown in Figure 2.3.1-28 (Reference 2.3.1-32). The identified sole-source aquifers in EPA Region 4 are beyond the boundaries of the local and regional hydrogeologic systems associated with the CRN Site.

Therefore, the CRN Site will not impact any identified sole-source aquifer.

Temporal Groundwater Trends The USGS maintains a network of observation wells in Tennessee to monitor trends in water levels. The closest permanent observation well is approximately 48 mi southeast of the CRN Site as shown on Figure 2.3.1-29 (Reference 2.3.1-33). This observation well is screened in the Great Smoky Group aquifer and is approximately 220 ft deep. The well indicates typical annual fluctuations of between 1 and 3 ft. The USGS also presents data from a manual water level measurement well located approximately 0.5 mi east of the CRN Site as shown on Figure 2.3.1-30 (Reference 2.3.1-34). This well is screened in the Valley and Ridge aquifer and is approximately 610 ft deep. The period of record is only approximately 3 months; however the hydrograph shows an approximate 5 ft range of water levels fluctuations. Neither of these USGS wells monitor the hydrogeologic units relevant to the site.

During the CRBRP investigation, periodic water level measurements were made in the site observation wells and piezometers. Examination of these measurements suggests an annual fluctuation of 10 to 25 ft with maximum water levels occurring in January and February and minimum water levels occurring in October and November (Reference 2.3.1-20).

The CRN Site hydrogeologic characterization program consisted of two years of groundwater level measurements in site observation wells. This included periodic manual measurements in all wells (except the OW-422 well cluster), beginning September 23, 2013, and continuous measurements from a recording pressure transducer in the following wells, beginning on November 23 and 24, 2013:

  • OW-101
  • OW-202
  • OW-409
  • OW-417
  • OW-423 Figure 2.3.1.-31 presents hydrographs for the site well clusters, along with Clinch River (Watts Bar Reservoir) stage and site precipitation data for comparison. Water level responses from wells OW-101D, OW-409U, OW-416U/L, OW-420L, and OW-421D show correspondence to the Watts Bar Reservoir stage with periodic deviations that appear to be associated with 2.3.1-26 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report precipitation events. All of the site wells show a response to precipitation events, with OW-417L and OW-421U showing the most subdued response to precipitation. The location of well clusters OW-417 and OW-421 in proximity to the Clinch River may explain the subdued responses in these wells.

Observation wells OW-202L, OW-421L, OW-421D, OW-428U, OW-428L, and OW-428D show water level artifacts from well installation, development, and water sampling; these wells are excluded for the purpose of characterizing the range of fluctuation. The range of water level elevation fluctuations in the site observation wells was from approximately 1ft (OW-421U) to 25 ft (OW-409U). These fluctuations appear to be associated with precipitation events. The large magnitude of fluctuation at OW-409U may be further indication that this well is located in a recharge area.

Groundwater Flow Directions Groundwater flow directions in the ORR are generally characterized as from the ridge tops to drainages within the adjacent valley or as a subdued replica of topography. Figure 2.3.1-32 presents conceptual block flow diagrams for Bethel Valley, which has similar geology as the CRN Site (Reference 2.3.1-35). The figure indicates localized influences such as springs, discontinuity orientations (fractures and bedding planes), man-made features (pipelines, tank farms, and building basements), and solution features have an impact on flow directions.

Groundwater flow directions were evaluated during the CRBRP PSAR by preparing two groundwater contour maps, one for December 24, 1973 and one for January 2, 1974 (Reference 2.3.1-20). Both maps indicate a general flow direction toward the southeast or southwest in the area of the proposed nuclear island. An average hydraulic gradient of approximately 0.007 feet per foot (ft/ft) is reported for the two maps (Reference 2.3.1-20). It should be noted that these maps were prepared using water level measurements from observation wells with long screened intervals and thus the equipotentials represent a vertically averaged head.

The CRN Site investigation included synoptic measurements of groundwater levels in the site observation wells. These measurements were used to prepare maximum potentiometric surface maps for the site. The maximum potentiometric surface maps used the maximum groundwater level elevation at each well cluster. Figures 2.3.1-33 through 2.3.1-42 present the potentiometric surface maps. The maps indicate a southwest to southeast flow direction in the area of the proposed CRN Site Powerblock Area. Hydraulic gradients were measured along selected flow lines on each figure. Table 2.4.12-8 in the Site Safety Analysis Report (SSAR) presents the horizontal hydraulic gradients for the ten potentiometric surface maps. The horizontal hydraulic gradients range from 0.03 to 0.12 ft/ft. Horizontal gradients were also evaluated using just the upper site observation wells for the eight quarters (December 2013, March 2014, May 2014, August 2014, November 2014, February 2015, May 2015, and August 2015), resulting in horizontal gradients ranging from 0.05 to 0.17 ft/ft. For comparison the average hydraulic gradient between the maximum water level at OW-101U and OW-202U and the Clinch River 2.3.1-27 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir is 0.05 ft/ft. This is derived based on a shortest distance of 1400 ft from the power block area to the edge of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir; lowest stage of the reservoir at 735 ft NAVD88 (during the monitoring period); and the maximum water levels at OW-101U and OW-202U of 798.99 and 800.30 ft NAVD88. Due to the complexity of the subsurface hydrogeologic conditions at the CRN Site, the maximum potentiometric groundwater elevation at each well cluster is used, representing a single hydrogeological unit. Given that the U, L, and D wells generally screened within different hydrogeologic units, the maximum potentiometric surface maps do not represent a true potentiometric surface. These maps can, however, be considered bounding in terms of depicting the maximum groundwater elevations at the site.

Vertical hydraulic gradients were determined at each well cluster to evaluate the potential for vertical movement in the subsurface. The average vertical hydraulic gradients range from -0.69 to 1.03 ft/ft (Appendix 2.3-C). A negative vertical hydraulic gradient indicates an upward flow potential and a positive one indicates a downward flow potential. The upward flow potential would suggest groundwater discharge and the downward flow potential would suggest groundwater recharge. A majority of the wells with upward flow potential are located on the western and eastern sides of the site suggesting discharge towards incised site drainage features or to the Clinch River. The exception to this is well cluster OW-409U/L, which is located near the center of the site. This cluster may be indicating groundwater discharge to the adjacent CRBRP excavation. The cluster with the highest downward flow potential is OW-429U/L, suggesting a recharge area. Figure 2.3.1-43 represents the spatial variation of equipotential in the vertical plane in a cross-section along the strike of the bedding plane based on June 13, 2014 observations. Groundwater discharges from the higher equipotential area (at OW-202) to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, with OW-202 at the center of the CRS peninsula as a likely location of the groundwater divide.

Aquifer Properties Aquifer properties at the CRN Site were determined by in-situ testing and from laboratory testing of rock core and soil samples collected during the investigation. The following sections present the results of this testing.

Hydrogeological Parameters The primary hydrogeological properties of interest at the site are the hydraulic conductivity and effective porosity of the bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity was evaluated qualitatively through fracture frequency analysis and quantitatively through in-situ testing. The in-situ tests performed were borehole packer tests, well slug tests, and an aquifer pumping test. Effective porosity is based on a series of studies performed on the ORR.

2.3.1-28 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Fracture Frequency Analysis Fracture frequency analysis was performed by plotting the open fractures identified on the acoustic televiewer borehole geophysical logs. Figure 2.3.1-44 presents the resulting frequency distribution histogram. The histogram shows three general areas: 1) from elevation 812 to 712 ft NAVD 88, a pervasively fractured zone; 2) from elevation 712 to 612 ft NAVD 88, a moderately fractured zone; and 3) from 612 to 487 ft NAVD 88, a slightly fractured zone. It should be noted that the upper elevation of the pervasively fractured zone is somewhat biased, since most boreholes were cased into the top of bedrock prior to performing the geophysical surveys, and thus the number of open fractures at the top of rock is not accurately represented and are likely under-reported. Figure 2.3.1-45 presents an example geophysical log demonstrating this bias.

The fracture distribution identified at the CRN Site is consistent with observations at the ORR. In nearby Melton and Bethel Valleys, the transition from fractured to less fractured bedrock occurs at approximately 150 ft bgs (Reference 2.3.1-28). Figure 2.3.1-24, which is a plot of ORR hydraulic conductivity test results, indicates a generalized decrease in hydraulic conductivity at approximately 100 ft bgs.

Borehole Packer Tests A borehole packer test is a constant head test of an isolated interval in a borehole to determine the hydraulic conductivity. For the CRN Site investigation, a double packer arrangement was used to isolate the test zone. A total of 41 packer tests were performed in 12 open boreholes during the field investigation. Of these tests, 5 exhibited evidence of flow by-passing around the packers and 14 had flow rates less than the quantifiable rate for the test, and thus were not analyzed. Table 2.3.1-5 presents the test results.

The tests were performed and interpreted using USACE method 381-80 (Reference 2.3.1-36).

The borehole packer test results were arranged by geologic unit and are presented in a box and whisker plot on Figure 2.3.1-46. Summary statistics for these tests are included on the figure.

The results were also compared with the packer tests performed during the CRBRP investigation as shown on Figure 2.3.1-46. In general the two data sets agree; however, the CRBRP Chickamauga long interval and CRBRP Knox tests exhibit an order of magnitude, or more, lower range of values. This may in part be due to the deeper test intervals selected during the CRBRP investigation. The upper range of values is similar for both data sets.

The CRN packer results were plotted versus depth below ground surface as shown on Figure 2.3.1-47. The results show a similar pattern as the CRBRP tests (Figure 2.3.1-26) and the ORR hydraulic conductivity tests (Figure 2.3.1-24). The hydraulic conductivities decrease below 150 ft bgs. This is most probably the result of the decreased frequency of open fractures below this depth.

2.3.1-29 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Well Slug Tests The slug test method involves creating a sudden water level displacement in the well and observing the water level change as it returns to the pre-test level. Slug tests were performed in selected site observation wells. Observation wells excluded from testing include OW-202U, OW-402U, and OW-429L because of low water levels in the wells and OW-428D because the well was still recovering from development activities. Slug tests used either a solid slug or pneumatic slug to induce the water level change. Two tests were performed in each well, one where the water level was raised in the well and allowed to fall back to the pre-test level (falling head) and one test where the water level in the well was lowered and allowed to rise back to the pre-test level (rising head). A recording pressure transducer was placed in the well to monitor the water level changes. Slug test results were entered into the AQTESOLV (HydroSOLVE 2007) computer program and the Bouwer and Rice method was used for interpretation (Reference 2.3.1-37; Reference 2.3.1-38).

The slug test solution is a porous medium method and is applied to fractured bedrock. Porous medium slug test method results were compared with discrete fracture interval method results (Reference 2.3.1-39). Their comparison found that using porous medium methods, the results were on the same order of magnitude as the results for the discrete fracture interval methods. A porous medium assumption is appropriate in highly fractured materials and where fluid exchange between the fractures and the rock matrix is either very limited or very rapid (Reference 2.3.1-40). The observation wells were located in the most fractured intervals identified in the borehole logs. Information from the ORR on Table 2.3.1-2 indicates that a matrix hydraulic conductivity of 2.8 x 10-7 ft/d is representative of the ORR Aquitards, which includes the Chickamauga Group. This matrix hydraulic conductivity suggests that the rock matrix is not contributing significantly to flow. These studies suggest that the use of the porous medium assumption is reasonable for the CRN Site tests.

Table 2.3.1-6 presents the results of the slug test interpretations. Examination of the table indicates that the test results from four wells (OW-202L, OW-401D, OW-415U, and OW-421D) could not be interpreted. Additionally, the results from five wells (OW-409U, OW-415L, OW-421L, OW-423D, and OW-429U) had one test (falling or rising head) that could not be interpreted. For those wells with one test, the average hydraulic conductivity is equivalent to the results of the test (falling or rising head) that could be interpreted.

Figure 2.3.1-48 presents the slug test results graphically. The figure includes a box and whisker plot of hydraulic conductivity by observation well monitoring zone and a scatter plot of hydraulic conductivity versus depth below ground surface. The box and whisker plot indicates that the hydraulic conductivities in the upper and lower zones are similar, while those in the deep zone are lower. The scatter plot of hydraulic conductivity versus depth below ground surface in general shows a pattern of decreasing range in hydraulic conductivity with depth similar to plots in Figure 2.3.1-26 and Figure 2.3.1-47. Figure 2.3.1-49 is a box and whisker plot comparing the slug test results with the CRN Site packer test results for the two major geologic units (Chickamauga Group and Knox Group) present at the site. The figure indicates a similar central 2.3.1-30 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report tendency in the results of both tests, but the slug tests have a much broader range of values.

The breadth of this range may be due to the longer test intervals for the slug tests as compared to the packer test intervals.

Aquifer Pumping Test An aquifer pumping test was performed at the CRN Site. The aquifer pumping test array consisted of a pumping well (PT-PW) and nine proximal observation wells (PT-OW-U1, PT-OW-L1, PT-OW-U2, PT-OW-L2, PT-OW-U3, PT-OW-L3, OW-423U, OW-423L, and OW-423D) as shown on Figure 2.3.1-18. The installation completion data for these wells are included on Table 2.3.1-3. The pumping well was screened in the Fleanor and Eidson members of the Lincolnshire formation and the Blackford formation. The upper zone observation wells were screened in the Eidson member of the Lincolnshire formation and the lower and deep zone observation wells were screened in the Blackford formation. The aquifer thickness was taken to be 155 ft, which represents the difference between the static water level in the pumping well and the bottom elevation of the primary flow zone. (A review of the geologic log cores did not identify an overlying confining bed; it is presumed that leakage is derived from an underlying confining bed.) A constant rate pumping test was performed in the pumping well for a period of 72 hr with an average pumping rate of 14.5 gpm.

Pumping and observation well responses were reviewed and diagnostic plots of each well were prepared. Based on a review of the observation well water level responses, a portion of the observation wells were discarded from further analysis, because they were outside the radius of influence of the pumping well or they were completed in different hydrogeologic unit.

Interpretation of the diagnostic plots for the results that were retained indicated that a leaky aquifer model most accurately represents the observed response. The water level response and pumping rate data were entered into the AQTESOLV (HydroSOLVE 2007) computer program for analysis (Reference 2.3.1-38). The solution method used was that presented in Hantush and Jacob (Reference 2.3.1-41).

Table 2.3.1-7 presents the results of the constant rate pumping test interpretation. Examination of the results suggests the maximum transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity is observed at OW-423L, which is oriented with the N52°E strike of the bedding planes relative to the pumping well. The observation wells (PT-OW-U2 and PT-OW-L2) oriented perpendicular (N38°W) to the strike of the bedding planes show approximately an order of magnitude lower transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity. Comparison of the results of this aquifer pumping test with tests performed on the ORR, as shown on Figure 2.3.1-25, indicates that the transmissivities are within the same range, but the storage coefficient values have a greater range for the CRN Site aquifer pumping test.

Effective Porosity Table 2.3.1-8 summarizes the results of petrophysical testing of rock samples to determine the effective porosity of rock from the Conasauga and Knox Groups on the ORR. The test methods 2.3.1-31 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report used include helium, mercury, and immersion-saturation porosimetry. The authors indicate that the immersion-saturation method would produce the results that most accurately approach the true value of effective porosity. The average effective porosity of bedrock determined from these tests is approximately 4 percent.

Geotechnical Parameters During the CRN Site investigation, soil and rock samples were collected and tested.

Interpretation of the test results has resulted in best estimates of properties of the different materials that are present or may be present in the future at the site. Table 2.3.1-9 summarizes the estimates of parameters important to radionuclide transport.

Summary of Aquifer Properties Hydrogeologic testing information for the CRN Site area were obtained from 1) published bedrock aquifer testing from the ORR area; 2) CRBRP investigation packer tests; 3) CRN Site packer tests; 4) CRN Site slug tests: and 5) the CRN Site aquifer pumping test. The Conasauga Group, Knox Group, and the Chickamauga Group are the three major geologic strata in which the hydrogeologic testing were undertaken. Evaluation of these results suggests that hydraulic conductivity, in the bedrock, generally decreases with depth irrespective of the lithology.

Additional petrophysical testing, such as bulk density and porosity testing have been performed at the ORR and at the site. The results of these tests show generally uniform properties in the bedrock units.

Hydrogeochemical Characteristics Site specific groundwater chemical data was collected from selected CRN onsite observation wells and compared to existing hydrogeochemical data from the surrounding area. Results and evaluation of these data sets are presented in Subsection 2.3.3.2.

2.3.1.2.3 Subsurface Groundwater Pathways The CRN Site is surrounded on three sides by the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, which is interpreted to be the discharge area for site groundwater. The most likely pathway for groundwater flow is recharge in the upland areas of the site with discharge to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. An alternate groundwater pathway is recharge in the upland areas with seepage to onsite drainages and surface water discharge into the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. It is very unlikely that there is shallow groundwater flow underneath the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir and exposure to water users on the opposite side of the Reservoir. This conclusion is based on 1) the absence of cavities and contiguous fractures below elevation 720 ft, 2) the head relationships observed at the Melton Valley Exit Pathway monitoring wells (Reference 2.3.1-31), and 3) the observed vertical hydraulic gradients demonstrate that the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir acts as a hydrologic sink. This is further supported by the following observations:

2.3.1-32 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • There is no evidence of contiguous cavities or fractures originating from the power block area and extending below the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, based on geologic core analysis from subsurface investigations;
  • The CRBRP excavation, completed to an elevation of 714 ft NGVD29 and 6 ft below the invert elevation of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, showed no evidence of any continuous groundwater flow; this is likely due to an absence of cavities and continuous fractures below elevation 720 ft;
  • Only 5 percent of the observed cavities fall below elevation 718.4 ft with the average elevation of observed cavities being 782.6 ft; and
  • An analysis of site-specific geologic core analysis, fracture frequency analysis, and groundwater vertical gradient data provides no evidence supporting a pathway for radionuclide transport occurring underneath the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir within the shallow groundwater system.

Advective Transport Advective transport in groundwater is assumed to occur in an equivalent porous medium. This assumption is based on the findings of the aquifer pumping test and other hydraulic conductivity tests and is restricted to the shallow groundwater system. In the deeper groundwater system, that is not pervasively fractured, discrete fractures control the movement of groundwater.

However, as discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.1.2 and shown on Figure 2.3.1-23, greater than 90 percent of groundwater flow occurs in the shallow zone.

The porous medium flow is represented by Darcys law, when written in terms of linear velocity is:

v = K/ne x dh/dl Where:

v = linear groundwater velocity [L/T]

K = hydraulic conductivity [L/T]

ne = effective porosity dh/dl = hydraulic gradient (change in head over change in length)

(Reference 2.3.1-42)

The travel time (T) is determined by dividing the distance to the receptor (D) (Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir) by the linear groundwater velocity (v):

T = D/v 2.3.1-33 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-10 presents a summary of these parameters and the linear velocity and travel time determined from these parameters. Using the representative parameter values, a travel time of 359 days is determined (Table 2.3.1-10).

2.3.1.3 References Reference 2.3.1-1. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 2 Map," February, 2009.

Reference 2.3.1-2. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 1 Map," February, 2009.

Reference 2.3.1-3. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 4 Map," February, 2009.

Reference 2.3.1-4. U. S. Geological Survey, "Estimated Use of Water in the Tennessee River Watershed in 2000 and Projections of Water Use to 2030," WRI 03-4302, 2004.

Reference 2.3.1-5. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Bellefonte Nuclear Plant Units 3 & 4, COL Application, Part 3, Applicant's Environmental Report - Combined License Stage, Revision 1,"

ML083100297, 2013.

Reference 2.3.1-6. U.S. Geological Survey, Introduction to the Upper Tennessee River Basin, Website: http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1205/introduction.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-7. Tennessee Valley Authority, Watts Bar Reservoir Website, Website:

http://www.tva.com/sites/wattsbarres.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-8. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement, Reservoir Operations Study," May, 2004.

Reference 2.3.1-9. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Watershed Maps, Website:

http://water.epa.gov/type/watersheds/., 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-10. U.S. Geological Survey, Bethel Valley Quadrangle Tennessee 7.5-Minute Series, 2013.

Reference 2.3.1-11. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site Regional Surface Water Use Study - Revision 2," April 24, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-12. Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris Reservoir Website, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/sites/norris.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-13. Tennessee Valley Authority, Melton Hill Reservoir, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/sites/meltonhill.htm, 2013.

2.3.1-34 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.1-14. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory: White Oak Dam and Sediment Control Structure, Website:

http://www.oakridge.doe.gov/em/ssab/Minutes/FY2010/Presentations/Kopotic%20SSAB%2011-18-09.pdf, November 18, 2008.

Reference 2.3.1-15. Tennessee Valley Authority, Fort Loudoun Reservoir Website, Website:

http://www.tva.com/sites/fortloudoun.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-16. Howard, Charles S., Henderson, Andrew R., and Phillips, Craig L.,

"Clinch River Small Modular Reactor and Barge/Traffic Site Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats and Protected Aquatic Animals Technical Report - Revision 5," Tennessee Valley Authority, December 22, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-17. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, "Guidance for Making Hydrologic Determinations," Division of Water Pollution Control, May, 2011.

Reference 2.3.1-18. Pilarski-Hall, Kim and Lees, Britta P., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Wetland Survey Report - Revision 4," November 19, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-19. Pilarski-Hall, Kim and Kennon, R. A., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Supplemental Wetland Survey Report Barge/Traffic Area - Revision 1,"

Tennessee Valley Authority, June 17, 2015.

Reference 2.3.1-20. Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report," Volume 2, Amendment 68, May, 1982.

Reference 2.3.1-21. AMEC Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc., "Data Report, Geotechnical Exploration and Testing, Clinch River SMR Project," October 16, 2014.

Reference 2.3.1-22. Lloyd, O. B. and Lyke, W. L., Ground Water Atlas of the United States:

Segment 10, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, USGS Hydrological Atlas 730-K, 1995.

Reference 2.3.1-23. Tucci, P., "Hydrology of Melton Valley at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee," U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4131, 1992.

Reference 2.3.1-24. Breeder Reactor Corporation, "Final Report The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Project," January, 1985.

Reference 2.3.1-25. Moore, G. K., "Hydrograph Analysis in a Fractured Rock Terrane Near Oak Ridge, Tennessee," Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.

Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management, 1991.

2.3.1-35 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.1-26. Saunders, J. A. and Toran, L. E., "Evidence for Dedolomitization and Mixing in Paleozoic Carbonates Near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Ground Water 32, No. 2: 207-214, 1994.

Reference 2.3.1-27. Parr, P. D. and Hughes, J. F., "Oak Ridge Reservation Physical Characteristics and Natural Resources," U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Managed by UT-Batelle, LLC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725, October, 2006.

Reference 2.3.1-28. Solomon, D. K., Moore, G. K., Toran, L. E., Dreier, R. B., and McMaster, W. M., "A Hydrologic Framework for the Oak Ridge Reservation, Status Report," ORNL/TM-12026, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract number DE-AC05-840R21400 by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Services Division, May, 1992.

Reference 2.3.1-29. Hatcher, Jr. R. D., Lemiszki, P. J., Dreier, R. B., Ketelle, R. H., Lee, R. R.,

Lietzke, D. A., McMaster, W. M., Foreman, J. L., and Lee, S-Y., "Status Report on the Geology of the Oak Ridge Reservation," ORNL/TM-12074, U.S. Department of Energy by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400, October, 1992.

Reference 2.3.1-30. Stockdale, P. B., "Geologic Conditions at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (X-10) Area Relevant to the Disposal of Radioactive Waste," ORO-58, U.S.

Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 1951.

Reference 2.3.1-31. Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, "Melton Valley Exit Pathway and Offsite Groundwater Monitoring Results: July 2010 - March 2011," U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-AC05-98OR22700, June, 2011.

Reference 2.3.1-32. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sole Source Aquifers in the Southeast, Website: http://www.epa.gov/region4/water/groundwater/%20r4ssa.html, 2014.

Reference 2.3.1-33. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Information System: Web Interface, Groundwater levels for the Nation: USGS 3539220833345600 SV:E-002, Website:

http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gwlevels?site_no=353922083345600&agency_cd=USGS&f ormat=gif, 2014.

Reference 2.3.1-34. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Information System: Web Interface, Groundwater levels for Tennessee: USGS 35332084220301 Ro. M-021, TDEC HD2, Website:

http://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/tn/nwis/%20gwlevels/?site_no=355332084220301&agency_cd=

USGS&amp, 2014.

2.3.1-36 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.1-35. Science Applications International Corporation, "Engineering Study Report for Groundwater Actions in Bethel Valley, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," DOE/OR/01-2219&D2, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contact DE-AC05-98OR22700, November, 2005.

Reference 2.3.1-36. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, "Suggested Method for In Situ Determination of Rock Mass Permeability, Rock Testing Handbook Method 381-80,"

Geotechnical Library, Rock Mechanics Branch, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 2016.

Reference 2.3.1-37. Bouwer, H. and Rice, R. C., "A Slug test for Determining Hydraulic Conductivity of Unconfined Aquifers With Completely or Partially Penetrating Wells, Water Resources Research Vol. 12, No. 3: 423-428, 1976.

Reference 2.3.1-38. HydroSOLVE, "AQTESOLV for Windows Version 4.5 User's Guide,"

Reston, VA, 2007.

Reference 2.3.1-39. Shapiro, A. M. and Hsieh, P. A., "How Good Are Estimates of Transmissivity from Slug Tests in Fractured Rock?, Ground Water 36, No. 1: 37-48, 1998.

Reference 2.3.1-40. Butler, Jr. J. J., The Design, Performance, and Analysis of Slug Tests, Lew Publishers, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1998.

Reference 2.3.1-41. Hantush, M. S. and Jacob, C. E., "Non-Steady Radial Flow in an Infinite Leaky Aquifer," Transactions, American Geophysical Union 36, No. 1: 95-100, 1955.

Reference 2.3.1-42. Domenico, P. A. and Schwartz, F. W., "Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology," John Wiley & Sons, New York, p. 360, 1990.

Reference 2.3.1-43. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "Mean Monthly, Seasonal, and Annual Pan Evaporation for the United States," Technical Report NWS 34, December, 1982.

Reference 2.3.1-44. Moore, G. K. and Toran, L. E., "Supplement to a Hydrologic Framework for the Oak Ridge Reservation," ORNL/TM-12191, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Environmental Sciences Division under contract DE-AC05-85OR21400, November, 1992.

Reference 2.3.1-45. Dorsch, J., Katsube, T. J., Sandford, W. E., Dugan, B. E., and Tourkow, L. M., "Effective Porosity and Pore-Throat Sizes of Conasauga Group Mudrock: Application, Test and Evaluation of Petrophysical Techniques," ORNL/GWPO-021, U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-96OR22464, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Services Division, April, 1996.

2.3.1-37 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.1-46. Dorsch, J., "Effective Porosity and Density of Carbonate Rocks (Maynardville Limestone and Copper Ridge Dolomite) within Bear Creek Valley on the Oak Ridge Reservation Based on Modern Petrophysical Techniques," ORNL/GWPO-026, U.S.

Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-96OR22464, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Services Division, February, 1997.

Reference 2.3.1-47. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Preliminary Information on Clinch River Site for LMBFR Demonstration Plant," Atomic Energy Commission, August 23, 1972.

2.3.1-38 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-1 Monthly Means of Estimated Pan Evaporation Computed from Meteorological Measurements Using a Form of the Penman Equation1 Record Latest Station Latitude &

State Station Name May - Oct Nov - Apr Annual Began Data Index No. Longitude Mo/Yr Mo/Yr Tennessee Bristol WB Airport 1094 36° 28', 82° 23' 30.34 14.36 44.70 Nov-59 Dec-70 Chattanooga WB Airport 1656 35° 01', 85° 11' 33.99 15.95 49.94 May-61 Oct-79 Knoxville WB Airport 4950 35° 49', 83° 58' 34.57 16.04 50.61 Dec-41 Dec-79 Memphis WE Airport 5954 35° 03', 89° 58' 41.97 19.40 61.37 May-66 Oct-79 Nashville WB Airport 6402 36° 07', 86° 40' 37.34 16.07 53.41 Oct-36 Nov-48 Average 35.64 16.36 52.01 1

Evaporation measured in inches.

Source: (Reference 2.3.1-43) 2.3.1-39 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-2 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Summary of Hydrogeologic Properties on the ORR Residuum/Stormflow Zone Property Conditions Value Grassland 0.2 to 0.4 m Stormflow Zone Thickness Forest 0.6 to 2.0 m Grassland 1.1 m/d Infiltration rate Forest 8.8 m/d Total Porosity General 0.4 Specific Yield General 0.035 Hydraulic Conductivity General 9.2 m/d Hydraulic Gradient General 0.075 Discharge Rate General 0 to 110 L/seckm2 Groundwater Zone Property Knox aquifer ORR aquitards Thickness Permeable interval ------ 1.5 m Low-permeability interval ------ 12 m Water table fluctuation 5.3 m 1.5 m Total porosity (matrix) ------- 9.6 x 10-3 Fracture porosity ------- 5.0 x 10-4 Specific yield 3.3 x 10-3 2.3 x 10-3 Fractures Spacing ------- 35 cm Aperture 0.25 mm 0.12 mm Unfractured rock matrix

8.7 x 10-8 m/d hydraulic conductivity 2.3.1-40 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-2 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Summary of Hydrogeologic Properties on the ORR Groundwater Zone (continued)

Property Knox aquifer ORR aquitards Low-permeability intervals Transmissivity ------- 1.1 x 10-3 m2/d Hydraulic conductivity ------- 4.0 x 10-4 m/d Permeable intervals Transmissivity 1.0 m2/d 0.12 m2/d Hydraulic conductivity ------- 0.068 m/d Continuum Transmissivity 7.0 m2/d 0.75 m2/d Hydraulic conductivity ------- 0.18 m/d Hydraulic gradient 0.02 0.05 Average recharge 65 mm 20 mm Maximum discharge 1030 L/minkm2 280 L/minkm2 Average discharge 120 L/minkm2 38 L/minkm2 Source: (Reference 2.3.1-44) 2.3.1-41 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 1 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Top of Top of Ground Top of Bentonite Seal Casing Concrete Surface Depth Northing Easting Geologic Elevation Well Elevation Elevation Elevation below (NAD 83) (NAD 83) Unit1 (NAVD (NAVD (NAVD (NAVD Ground

88) 88) 88) 88)

(ft)

OW-101U 570235.5 2448339.3 Benbolt 803.72 800.73 800.58 15.0 785.6 OW-101L 570262.0 2448370.8 Rockdell 803.48 800.81 800.66 126.6 674.1 OW-101D 570274.9 2448386.4 Rockdell 803.57 800.82 800.65 219.2 581.5 OW-202U 570946.0 2448081.1 Fleanor 815.38 812.11 811.83 4.3 807.5 OW-202L 570934.2 2448064.9 Fleanor 815.05 812.23 811.97 141.1 670.9 OW-202D 570909.7 2448033.7 Eidson 815.00 812.21 812.10 260.0 552.1 OW-401U 571967.9 2447619.9 Newala 820.48 817.55 817.39 5.2 812.2 OW-401L 571973.8 2447628.0 Newala 820.57 817.47 817.22 126.7 690.5 OW-401D 571941.2 2447589.7 Newala 821.28 818.41 818.17 215.6 602.6 OW-409U 570557.1 2448130.3 Rockdell 809.70 807.12 806.91 44.4 762.5 OW-409L 570570.8 2448143.3 Rockdell 809.51 806.82 806.67 82.7 724.0 OW-415U 569590.2 2448180.2 Bowen/Benbolt 787.22 784.41 784.13 19.5 764.6 OW-415L 569564.4 2448148.1 Benbolt 786.75 783.93 783.65 146.9 636.8 OW-416U 569990.0 2447535.9 Rockdell 812.82 809.82 809.54 67.6 741.9 OW-416L 569965.2 2447504.9 Rockdell 812.73 809.72 809.43 98.4 711.0 OW-417U 569927.1 2446646.9 Fleanor 775.03 772.36 772.20 40.4 731.8 OW-417L 569903.0 2446614.6 Fleanor 775.71 772.78 772.65 81.8 690.9 OW-418U 570526.8 2447065.0 Eidson 812.94 810.30 810.01 78.0 732.0 OW-418L 570506.0 2447038.8 Blackford 814.41 811.80 811.44 124.9 686.5 OW-419U 571283.4 2446716.1 Newala 803.13 800.21 799.98 48.8 751.2 OW-419L 571257.7 2446683.4 Newala 802.72 799.89 799.75 90.5 709.3 OW-420U 572009.6 2446886.0 Newala 805.70 803.10 802.85 15.0 787.9 OW-420L 572021.1 2446902.0 Newala 806.15 803.31 803.07 120.0 683.1 OW-421U 570557.7 2446471.7 Blackford 808.27 805.55 805.36 41.2 764.2 Blackford/

OW-421L 570544.2 2446455.6 807.81 805.05 804.78 92.4 712.4 Newala OW-421D 570520.1 2446424.4 Newala 805.20 802.63 802.49 165.2 637.3 OW-422U 570450.2 2448763.8 Benbolt 804.90 --- 802.40 9.7 792.7 OW-422L 570438.1 2448748.1 Benbolt 803.70 --- 801.70 147.3 654.4 OW-422D 570444.3 2448756.2 Rockdell 805.40 --- 802.10 281.2 520.9 OW-423U 571494.1 2448309.5 Eidson 800.21 797.53 797.41 31.5 765.9 OW-423L 571481.6 2448293.2 Blackford 801.13 798.33 798.02 127.9 670.1 OW-423D 571457.9 2448262.0 Blackford 802.86 800.13 799.89 236.9 563.0 2.3.1-42 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 2 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Top of Filter Pack Top of Screen Well Depth Well Screen Depth Casing Well Well below Elevation Casing Slot Size below Elevation Diameter Material Ground (NAVD 88) Schedule (inches) Ground (NAVD 88)

(inches)

(ft) (ft)

OW-101U 21.4 779.2 2 40 PVC 0.020 26.0 774.6 OW-101L 133.6 667.1 2 80 PVC 0.020 138.0 662.7 OW-101D 225.8 574.9 2 80 PVC 0.020 230.5 570.2 OW-202U 11.1 800.7 2 40 PVC 0.020 15.7 796.1 OW-202L 147.0 665.0 2 80 PVC 0.020 150.5 661.5 OW-202D 273.0 539.1 2 80 PVC 0.020 276.4 535.7 OW-401U 10.5 806.9 2 40 PVC 0.020 15.2 802.2 OW-401L 130.8 686.4 2 80 PVC 0.020 135.2 682.0 OW-401D 221.9 596.3 2 80 PVC 0.020 226.6 591.6 OW-409U 52.4 754.5 2 40 PVC 0.020 54.9 752.0 OW-409L 86.6 720.1 2 40 PVC 0.020 89.1 717.6 OW-415U 24.1 760.0 2 40 PVC 0.020 28.1 756.0 OW-415L 151.9 631.8 2 80 PVC 0.020 154.9 628.8 OW-416U 71.8 737.7 2 40 PVC 0.020 75.4 734.1 OW-416L 107.6 701.8 2 40 PVC 0.020 110.6 698.8 OW-417U 46.7 725.5 2 40 PVC 0.020 50.0 722.2 OW-417L 91.5 681.2 2 40 PVC 0.020 95.0 677.7 OW-418U 90.1 719.9 2 40 PVC 0.020 95.0 715.0 OW-418L 133.6 677.8 2 80 PVC 0.020 136.8 674.6 OW-419U 54.4 745.6 2 40 PVC 0.020 57.2 742.8 OW-419L 101.0 698.8 2 40 PVC 0.020 104.5 695.3 OW-420U 21.2 781.7 2 40 PVC 0.020 26.0 776.9 OW-420L 127.4 675.7 2 40 PVC 0.020 130.9 672.2 OW-421U 51.4 754.0 2 40 PVC 0.020 55.0 750.4 OW-421L 101.0 703.8 2 40 PVC 0.020 104.8 700.0 OW-421D 172.8 629.7 2 80 PVC 0.020 175.7 626.8 OW-422U 17.9 784.5 2 40 PVC 0.020 21.0 781.4 OW-422L 155.2 646.5 2 80 PVC 0.020 158.0 643.7 OW-422D 286.2 515.9 2 80 PVC 0.020 290.0 512.1 OW-423U 39.1 758.3 2 40 PVC 0.020 42.2 755.2 OW-423L 136.6 661.4 2 80 PVC 0.020 139.6 658.4 OW-423D 244.2 555.7 2 80 PVC 0.020 248.1 551.8 2.3.1-43 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 3 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Bottom of Screen Bottom of Well Cap Bottom of Borehole Depth Depth Depth Well Elevation below below Elevation below Elevation (NAVD Ground Ground (NAVD 88) Ground (NAVD 88) 88)

(ft) (ft) (ft)

OW-101U 46.0 754.6 46.5 754.1 50.0 750.6 OW-101L 158.0 642.7 158.5 642.2 161.0 639.7 OW-101D 250.5 550.2 251.0 549.7 261.5 539.2 OW-202U 35.7 776.1 36.2 775.6 39.0 772.8 OW-202L 170.5 641.5 171.0 641.0 173.0 639.0 OW-202D 296.4 515.7 296.9 515.2 303.0 509.1 OW-401U 35.2 782.2 35.7 781.7 37.5 779.9 OW-401L 155.2 662.0 155.7 661.5 159.3 657.9 OW-401D 246.6 571.6 247.1 571.1 251.7 566.5 OW-409U 74.9 732.0 75.4 731.5 78.0 728.9 OW-409L 109.1 697.6 109.6 697.1 112.0 694.7 OW-415U 48.1 736.0 48.6 735.5 51.1 733.0 OW-415L 174.9 608.8 175.4 608.3 177.4 606.3 OW-416U 95.4 714.1 95.9 713.6 97.5 712.0 OW-416L 130.6 678.8 131.1 678.3 133.0 676.4 OW-417U 70.0 702.2 70.5 701.7 73.1 699.1 OW-417L 115.0 657.7 115.5 657.2 118.0 654.7 OW-418U 105.0 705.0 105.5 704.5 108.0 702.0 OW-418L 156.8 654.6 157.3 654.1 160.0 651.4 OW-419U 77.2 722.8 77.7 722.3 79.6 720.4 OW-419L 124.5 675.3 125.0 674.8 126.5 673.3 OW-420U 46.0 756.9 46.5 756.4 48.5 754.4 OW-420L 150.9 652.2 151.4 651.7 152.4 650.7 OW-421U 75.0 730.4 75.5 729.9 78.0 727.4 OW-421L 124.8 680.0 125.3 679.5 128.0 676.8 OW-421D 195.7 606.8 196.2 606.3 198.0 604.5 OW-422U 41.0 761.4 41.5 760.9 44.0 758.4 OW-422L 178.0 623.7 178.5 623.2 181.0 620.7 OW-422D 310.0 492.1 310.5 491.6 313.0 489.1 OW-423U 62.2 735.2 62.7 734.7 65.0 732.4 OW-423L 159.6 638.4 160.1 637.9 163.0 635.0 OW-423D 268.1 531.8 268.6 531.3 273.0 526.9 2.3.1-44 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 4 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Top of Bentonite Seal Top of Top of Ground Northing Easting Geologic Casing Concrete Surface Depth Well below Elevation (NAD 83) (NAD 83) Unit1 Elevation Elevation Elevation (NAVD 88) (NAVD 88) (NAVD 88) Ground (NAVD 88)

(ft)

OW-428U 570781.4 2448710.6 Rockdell 807.78 804.57 804.33 24.4 779.9 OW-428L 570767.9 2448696.6 Rockdell 807.06 804.18 803.86 100.5 703.4 OW-428D 570741.9 2448666.5 Rockdell 807.03 804.02 803.73 172.2 631.5 OW-429U 569989.1 2448606.2 Bowen/ 799.17 796.41 796.21 27.8 768.4 Benbolt OW-429L 569965.3 2448576.5 Benbolt 799.49 796.52 796.26 136.1 660.2 PT-OW-U1 571512.5 2448235.3 Eidson 801.52 798.71 798.55 19.8 778.8 PT-OW-L1 571493.2 2448235.2 Blackford 803.13 800.09 799.77 129.7 670.1 PT-OW-U2 571489.5 2448182.4 Eidson 805.31 802.60 802.19 32.9 769.3 PT-OW-L2 571478.7 2448192.1 Blackford 804.32 801.22 800.89 124.8 676.1 PT-OW-U3 571418.4 2448310.6 Eidson 801.65 799.31 799.17 24.6 774.6 PT-OW-L3 571420.6 2448290.2 Blackford 803.12 800.41 800.07 127.5 672.6 Eidson/

PT-PW 571432.2 2448229.1 804.03 802.41 802.06 29.4 772.7 Blackford 2.3.1-45 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 5 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Top of Filter Pack Top of Screen Well Depth Well Screen Depth Casing Well Well below Elevation Casing Slot Size below Elevation Diameter Material Ground (NAVD 88) Schedule (inches) Ground (NAVD 88)

(inches)

(ft) (ft)

OW-428U 34.4 769.9 2 40 PVC 0.020 40.4 763.9 OW-428L 110.2 693.7 2 40 PVC 0.020 115.2 688.7 OW-428D 185.2 618.5 2 80 PVC 0.020 190.2 613.5 OW-429U 31.8 764.4 2 40 PVC 0.020 36.8 759.4 OW-429L 140.1 656.2 2 80 PVC 0.020 145.1 651.2 PT-OW-U1 36.8 761.8 2 40 PVC 0.020 41.8 756.8 PT-OW-L1 134.9 664.9 2 40 PVC 0.020 139.7 660.1 PT-OW-U2 37.0 765.2 2 40 PVC 0.020 42.0 760.2 PT-OW-L2 135.0 665.9 2 40 PVC 0.020 139.8 661.1 PT-OW-U3 34.1 765.1 2 40 PVC 0.020 42.6 756.6 PT-OW-L3 135.5 664.6 2 40 PVC 0.020 140.5 659.6 PT-PW 34.6 767.5 6 40 PVC 0.020 39.3 762.8 2.3.1-46 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-3 (Sheet 6 of 6)

Well Construction Summary Bottom of Screen Bottom of Well Cap Bottom of Borehole Depth Depth Depth Well Elevation below below Elevation below Elevation (NAVD Ground Ground (NAVD 88) Ground (NAVD 88) 88)

(ft) (ft) (ft)

OW-428U 60.4 743.9 60.9 743.4 63.0 741.3 OW-428L 135.2 668.7 135.7 668.2 138.0 665.9 OW-428D 210.2 593.5 210.7 593.0 213.0 590.7 OW-429U 56.8 739.4 57.3 738.9 60.0 736.2 OW-429L 165.1 631.2 165.6 630.7 168.0 628.3 PT-OW-U1 61.8 736.8 62.3 736.3 65.0 733.6 PT-OW-L1 159.7 640.1 160.2 639.6 163.0 636.8 PT-OW-U2 62.0 740.2 62.5 739.7 65.0 737.2 PT-OW-L2 159.8 641.1 160.3 640.6 163.0 637.9 PT-OW-U3 62.6 736.6 63.1 736.1 65.0 734.2 PT-OW-L3 160.5 639.6 161.0 639.1 163.0 637.1 PT-PW 169.3 632.8 171.8 630.3 173.0 629.1 1 Geologic units from Table B.1.2 in the Clinch River Data Report (Reference 2.3.1-21) 2.3.1-47 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-4 (Sheet 1 of 5)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients September 24, 2013 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient) (downgradient) Gradient (ft)

(ft NAVD 88) (ft NAVD 88) (ft/ft)

Section 1 266 810.0 780.0 30.0 0.11 Section 2 582 810.0 760.0 50.0 0.09 Section 3 162 810.0 798.7 11.3 0.07 Section 4 830 770.0 740.0 30.0 0.04 Section 5 273 790.0 760.0 30.0 0.11 Section 6 700 800.0 750.0 50.0 0.07 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-33; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster December 20, 2013 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient) (downgradient) Gradient (ft)

(ft NAVD 88) (ft NAVD 88) (ft/ft)

Section 1 227 805.0 785.0 20.0 0.09 Section 2 423 795.0 765.0 30.0 0.07 Section 3 332 805.0 795.0 10.0 0.03 Section 4 650 775.0 745.0 30.0 0.05 Section 5 96 775.0 765.0 10.0 0.10 Section 6 351 795.0 765.0 30.0 0.09 Section 7 253 785.0 775.0 10.0 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-34; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster 2.3.1-48 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-4 (Sheet 2 of 5)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients January 13, 2014 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient) (downgradient) Gradient (ft)

(ft NAVD 88) ( ft NAVD 88) (ft/ft)

Section 1 266 810 790 20 0.08 Section 2 629 800 760 40 0.06 Section 3 389 810 800 10 0.03 Section 4 646 780 750 30 0.05 Section 5 189 790 770 20 0.11 Section 6 398 780 760 20 0.05 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-35; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster March 16, 2014 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient) (downgradient) Gradient (ft)

(ft NAVD 88) (ft NAVD 88) (ft/ft)

Section 1 401 810 780 30 0.07 Section 2 653 810 760 50 0.08 Section 3 339 810 800 10 0.03 Section 4 707 790 750 40 0.06 Section 5 128 780 770 10 0.08 Section 6 686 810 760 50 0.07 Section 7 306 780 770 10 0.03 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-36; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster 2.3.1-49 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-4 (Sheet 3 of 5)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients May 15, 2014 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 329 810 780 30 0.09 Section 2 564 810 760 50 0.09 Section 3 318 810 800 10 0.03 Section 4 588 780 750 30 0.05 Section 5 85 780 770 10 0.12 Section 6 539 810 760 50 0.09 Section 7 191 780 770 10 0.05 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-37; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster August 18, 2014 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 394 810 780 30 0.08 Section 2 696 810 760 50 0.07 Section 3 356 810 800 10 0.03 Section 4 591 780 750 30 0.05 Section 5 97 780 770 10 0.10 Section 6 948 810 750 60 0.06 Section 7 255 780 770 10 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-38; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster 2.3.1-50 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-4 (Sheet 4 of 5)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients November 4, 2014 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 319 810 780 30 0.09 Section 2 736 810 750 60 0.08 Section 3 275 810 800 10 0.04 Section 4 430 780 750 30 0.07 Section 5 120 780 770 10 0.08 Section 6 841 810 750 60 0.07 Section 7 286 780 770 10 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-39; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster February 12, 2015 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 399 810 780 30 0.08 Section 2 609 810 760 50 0.08 Section 3 335 810 800 10 0.03 Section 4 492 780 750 30 0.06 Section 5 107 780 770 10 0.09 Section 6 609 810 760 50 0.08 Section 7 259 780 770 10 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-40; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster 2.3.1-51 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-4 (Sheet 5 of 5)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradients May 19, 2015 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 293 810 780 30 0.10 Section 2 693 810 750 60 0.09 Section 3 243 810 800 10 0.04 Section 4 349 780 750 30 0.09 Section 5 208 780 760 20 0.10 Section 6 929 810 750 60 0.06 Section 7 285 780 770 10 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-41; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster August 10, 2015 Potentiometric Surface Map Elevation at the Elevation at the Horizontal Head Length Well or Contour Well or Contour Hydraulic Direction Difference (ft) (upgradient), ft (downgradient), ft Gradient (ft)

NAVD 88 NAVD 88 (ft/ft)

Section 1 296 810 780 30 0.10 Section 2 682 810 750 60 0.09 Section 3 230 810 800 10 0.04 Section 4 250 770 750 20 0.08 Section 5 111 780 770 10 0.09 Section 6 520 810 760 50 0.10 Section 7 260 780 770 10 0.04 Note: Based on Figure 2.3.1-42; Maximum Water Levels in Each Nested Well Cluster Mean Horizontal Hydraulic Gradient = 0.07 ft/ft Minimum Horizontal Hydraulic Gradient = 0.03 ft/ft Maximum Horizontal Hydraulic Gradient = 0.12 ft/ft 2.3.1-52 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-5 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Borehole Packer Test Results Summary Estimated Depth (ft Estimated Geologic Unit Hydraulic Boring Zone below Transmissivity Analysis Notes Formation Conductivity ground) (ft2/day)

(ft/day)

Chickamauga MP-101 Z1 27.5 to 35.0 7 0.9 None Benbolt Chickamauga MP-101 Z2 145.0 to 152.5 20 3 None Rockdell Chickamauga MP-202 Z1 41.7 to 49.2 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Fleanor member Chickamauga MP-202 Z2 153.0 to 160.5 2 0.3 None Fleanor member Chickamauga MP-202 Z3 182.0 to 189.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Fleanor member Knox MP-401 Z2 28.0 to 35.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Newala Knox MP-401 Z3 77.0 to 84.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Newala Knox Test results indicate higher transmissivity value for MP-401 Z4 237.0 to 244.5 3 0.4 higher pressures. Possible explanations for the test Newala behavior include fracture dilation or fracture washout.

High flow rates (exceeding 80 gpm) with pressure increase in the transducer above the test interval. The Chickamauga MP-415 Z1 27.5 to 35.0 High High target test pressure in the interval was not achieved Bowen and the test was aborted. The high flow rates suggest high hydraulic conductivity.

Chickamauga MP-415 Z2 162.5 to 170.0 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Benbolt Chickamauga MP-415 Z3 252.5 to 260.0 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Benbolt Chickamauga Flow for this test was low, behavior suggests non-linear MP-416 Z2 89.0 to 96.5 1 0.2 Rockdell flow.

2.3.1-53 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-5 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Borehole Packer Test Results Summary Estimated Depth Estimated Geologic Unit Hydraulic Boring Zone (ft below Transmissivity Analysis Notes Formation Conductivity ground) (ft2/day)

(ft/day)

Chickamauga MP-416 Z3 109.0 to 116.5 8 1 None Rockdell Chickamauga MP-416 Z4 205.0 to 212.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Rockdell Some response was observed in the transducers above Chickamauga and below the test interval. Flow did not increase in MP-417 Z1 61.5 to 69.0 10 2 Fleanor member highly non-linear fashion, suggesting an indirect connection to the borehole outside the test interval.

Chickamauga MP-417 Z2 84.0 to 91.5 3 0.5 None Fleanor member Chickamauga MP-417 Z3 210.5 to 218.0 3 0.4 None Eidson member Chickamauga MP-418A Z1 86.0 to 93.5 40 5 None Eidson member Chickamauga MP-418A Z2 139.0 to 146.5 1 0.2 None Blackford Chickamauga MP-418A Z3 240.0 to 247.5 0.3 0.04 None Blackford Knox MP-419 Z1 210.0 to 217.5 1 0.2 None Newala Knox MP-419 Z2 135.0 to 142.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Newala Knox MP-419 Z3 120.0 to 127.5 2 0.3 None Newala Knox MP-419 Z4 109.0 to 116.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Newala Knox MP-420 Z2 79.0 to 86.5 2 0.2 None Newala 2.3.1-54 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-5 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Borehole Packer Test Results Summary Estimated Depth Estimated Geologic Unit Hydraulic Boring Zone (ft below Transmissivity Analysis Notes Formation Conductivity ground) (ft2/day)

(ft/day)

Knox MP-420 Z3 100.0 to 107.5 10 2 None Newala Knox MP-420 Z4 132.5 to 140.0 8 1 None Newala Knox MP-420 Z5 166.0 to 173.5 5 0.7 None Newala Knox MP-420 Z6 186.0 to 193.5 10 1 None Newala Chickamauga MP-421 Z1 57.0 to 64.5 1 0.2 None Blackford Chickamauga MP-421 Z2 99.0 to 106.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Blackford Knox MP-421 Z3 121.0 to 128.5 0.8 0.1 None Newala Knox MP-421 Z4 228.0 to 235.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Newala Chickamauga MP-422 Z1 31.5 to 39.0 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Benbolt Chickamauga MP-422 Z2 50.0 to 57.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Benbolt Chickamauga MP-422 Z3 170.0 to 177.5 Low Low Low/negligible flow suggests low hydraulic conductivity.

Benbolt Much higher flows in later portion of test, which achieved the highest test pressure. There was no response in the transducers above or below the test Chickamauga MP-423 Z2 68.5 to 76.0 5 0.7 interval, indicating that there was no hydraulic Eidson member connection outside the test interval. Possible explanations for the test behavior include fracture dilation or fracture washout.

Notes: Hydraulic conductivity values were computed based on unrounded transmissivity values; both values were then rounded to one significant figure.

Low - qualitative indication of low transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity.

High - qualitative indication of high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity.

2.3.1-55 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-6 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Well Slug Test Results Summary Falling Head Rising Head Test Average Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Geologic Unit Well Name Test Type Conductivity Conductivity Analysis Notes Conductivity Formation Estimate Estimate (ft/day)

(ft/day) (ft/day)

Chickamauga Group OW-101D Pneumatic 0.13 0.063 0.097 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-101L Pneumatic 7.6 7.5 7.6 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-101U Pneumatic 0.049 0.053 0.051 None Benbolt Chickamauga Group OW-202D Solid 0.068 0.024 0.046 None Eidson Member Chickamauga Group Both tests discarded - Static water level discrepancy and OW-202L Solid -- -- --

Fleanor normalized head never reaches 0.3 to 0.2 Knox Group OW-401D Solid -- -- -- Not analyzed - Head does not change after initiation Newala Knox Group OW-401L Pneumatic 0.059 0.092 0.076 None Newala Knox Group OW-401U Pneumatic 0.089 0.065 0.077 None Newala Chickamauga Group OW-409L Pneumatic 0.069 0.061 0.065 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-409U Solid -- 0.14 0.14 Falling head not analyzed - Irregular response Rockdell Chickamauga Group Falling head discarded - Normalized head never reaches OW-415L Pneumatic -- 0.29 0.29 Benbolt 0.3 to 0.2 Chickamauga Group OW-415U Solid -- -- -- Not analyzed - Irregular response Bowen/Benbolt Chickamauga Group OW-416L Pneumatic 0.61 0.48 0.54 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-416U Pneumatic 1.2 1.1 1.2 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-417L Pneumatic 0.31 0.44 0.38 None Fleanor Member 2.3.1-56 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-6 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Well Slug Test Results Summary Falling Head Rising Head Test Average Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Geologic Unit Well Name Test Type Conductivity Conductivity Analysis Notes Conductivity Formation Estimate Estimate (ft/day)

(ft/day) (ft/day)

Chickamauga Group OW-417U Pneumatic 2.2 1.6 1.9 None Fleanor Member Chickamauga Group OW-418L Pneumatic 0.16 0.14 0.15 None Blackford Chickamauga Group OW-418U Pneumatic 0.21 0.21 0.21 None Eidson Member Knox Group OW-419L Pneumatic 2.7 3.6 3.2 None Newala Knox Group OW-419U Pneumatic 11 13 12 None Newala Knox Group OW-420L Solid 0.062 0.048 0.055 None Newala Knox Group OW-421D Solid -- -- -- Not analyzed - Irregular early-time response Newala Knox/Chickamauga Falling head not analyzed - Head does not decrease after OW-421L Solid -- 0.00055 0.00055 Newala/Blackford initiation Chickamauga Group OW-421U Solid 0.066 0.036 0.051 None Blackford Chickamauga Group Rising head discarded - Normalized head never reaches OW-423D Pneumatic 0.039 -- 0.039 Blackford 0.3 to 0.2 Chickamauga Group OW-423L Solid 0.10 0.095 0.098 None Blackford Chickamauga Group OW-423U Pneumatic 2.3 0.66 1.5 None Eidson Member Chickamauga Group OW-428L Solid 0.012 0.0022 0.0071 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group OW-428U Solid 0.0016 0.012 0.0068 None Rockdell Chickamauga Group Rising head discarded - Normalized head never reaches OW-429U Solid 0.0035 -- 0.0035 Bowen/Benbolt 0.3 to 0.2 2.3.1-57 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-7 CRN Constant Rate Aquifer Pumping Test Results Transmissivity Transmissivity Storage Hydraulic Orientation Pumping Recovery Coefficient Conductivity Well Name Relative to Period Period Pumping (Tp+Tr)/2/155 ft Pumping Well Tp Tr Period (ft/d)

(ft2/d) (ft2/d) (dimensionless)

PT-OW-U1 N7°E 10.6 7 5.37 x 10-4 0.06 PT-OW-L1 N7°E 129.3 128.7 3.10 x 10-3 0.8 PT-OW-U2 N38°W 28.4 22.2 4.83 x 10-2 0.2

-3 PT-OW-L2 N38°W 28.1 30.3 2.28 x 10 0.2

-4 PT-OW-L3 S7°E 11.8 8.0 2.73 x 10 0.06 1 -3 OW-423L N52°E 410.1 391.1 8.1 x 10 2.6 1 A storage coefficient of 8.9 x 10-10 was reported for the pumping period of observation well OW-423L and is considered a nonrealistic value; however, for the same well in the recovery period, a value of 8.1 x 10-3 was reported - the recovery period derivative data exhibited less noise.

2.3.1-58 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-8 (Sheet 1 of 5)

Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Depth Depth Data Borehole Group Unit1 (m) (ft) Helium Mercury Immersion2 Other (g/cm3) (pcf) (g/cm3) (pcf) Source3 Joy-1 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 201.2 660 --- --- 0.46 --- --- --- --- --- A Joy-1 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 219.2 719 --- --- 1.1 --- --- --- --- --- A Joy-1 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 244.2 801 --- --- 1.9 --- --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 52.1 171 --- --- --- 0.4 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 52.7 173 --- --- --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 57.9 190 --- --- --- 1.1 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 58.5 192 --- --- --- 0.4 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 65.1 214 --- --- --- 0.3 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 66.1 217 --- --- --- 1.5 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 71.8 236 --- --- --- 0.7 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 73 240 --- --- --- 0.1 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 77 253 --- --- --- 2.0 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 80.2 263 --- --- --- 0.8 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 81.7 268 --- --- --- 1.9 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 83.5 274 --- --- --- 2.7 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 93.9 308 --- --- --- 1.5 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Dismal Gap 94.6 310 --- --- --- 1.9 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 105.8 347 --- --- --- 3.4 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 107.3 352 --- --- --- 1.8 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 115.9 380 --- --- --- 1.3 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 116.3 382 --- --- --- 0.9 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 122.7 403 --- --- --- 1.0 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 130.8 429 --- --- --- 2.3 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 132.6 435 --- --- --- 1.3 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 135.3 444 --- --- --- 1.4 --- --- --- --- A 2.3.1-59 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-8 (Sheet 2 of 5)

Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Depth Depth Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Data Borehole Group Unit1 (m) (ft) Helium Mercury Immersion 2 Other (g/cm )3 (pcf) (g/cm )3 (pcf) Source3 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 138.1 453 --- --- --- 2.1 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 141.4 464 --- --- --- 1.7 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 141.7 465 --- --- --- 1.6 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 147.2 483 --- --- --- 0.8 --- --- --- --- A 05MW013A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 151.5 497 --- --- --- 0.6 --- --- --- --- A GW-133 Conasauga Dismal Gap 41.07 135 11.4 3.8 7.67 --- 2.73 170 2.64 165 A GW-133 Conasauga Dismal Gap 67.18 220 12.7 4.9 11.47 --- 2.78 174 2.71 169 A GW-133 Conasauga Dismal Gap 80.52 264 10.2 3.1 11.83 --- 2.74 171 2.73 170 A GW-133 Conasauga Dismal Gap 114.53 376 7.6 3.4 11.51 --- 2.74 171 2.70 169 A GW-133 Conasauga Rogersville Shale 138.73 455 11.5 3 10.9 --- 2.72 170 2.67 167 A GW-133 Conasauga Rogersville Shale 163.12 535 12.7 3.5 11.03 --- 2.75 172 2.71 169 A GW-133 Conasauga Rogersville Shale 165.56 543 19.2 4.4 9.75 --- 2.81 175 2.74 171 A GW-132 Conasauga Friendship 45.95 151 --- --- 9.16 --- --- --- --- --- A GW-132 Conasauga Friendship 65.33 214 5.1 2.9 9.39 --- 2.73 170 2.72 170 A GW-132 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 90.73 298 9.3 3.8 9.24 --- 2.77 173 2.70 169 A GW-132 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 102.97 338 10.7 3.0 10.35 --- 2.76 172 2.72 170 A GW-132 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 130.71 429 --- --- 11.41 --- --- --- --- --- A GW-132 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 130.76 429 6.3 4.5 9.43 --- 2.82 176 2.72 170 A GW-132 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 187.83 616 3.8 3.1 11.44 --- 2.78 174 2.77 173 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 44.45 146 9.9 2.7 9.46 --- 2.73 170 2.69 168 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 58.27 191 12.2 3.4 11.52 --- 2.78 174 2.70 169 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 80.29 263 3.2 3.8 12.04 --- 2.79 174 2.71 169 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 99.80 327 2.9 4.3 13.29 --- 2.79 174 2.69 168 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 109.53 359 4.9 4.3 15.87 --- 2.76 172 2.77 173 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 151.59 497 3.9 4.0 9.16 --- 2.79 174 2.70 169 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 158.27 519 4.7 5.1 11.60 --- 2.70 169 2.68 167 A 2.3.1-60 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-8 (Sheet 3 of 5)

Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Depth Depth Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Data Borehole Group Unit1 (m) (ft) Helium Mercury Immersion 2 Other (g/cm )3 (pcf) (g/cm )3 (pcf) Source3 GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 171.86 564 14.7 4.2 11.95 --- 2.79 174 2.67 167 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 181.14 594 4.1 3.7 11.74 --- 2.77 173 2.69 168 A GW-134 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 201.19 660 10.4 3.2 10.57 --- 2.80 175 2.67 167 A WOL-1 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 12.04 40 --- --- 13.00 --- --- --- --- --- A WOL-1 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 26.67 88 4.4 4.2 3.67 --- 2.83 177 2.74 171 A WOL-1 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 38.41 126 5.3 4.1 --- --- 2.79 174 2.71 169 A WOL-1 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 57.38 188 6.0 5.2 10.81 --- 2.82 176 2.72 170 A WOL-1 Conasauga Nolichucky Shale 99.90 328 10.9 3.2 11.80 --- 2.77 173 2.71 169 A WOL-1 Conasauga Dismal Gap 243.84 800 15.4 3.4 7.43 --- 2.79 174 2.67 167 A WOL-1 Conasauga Friendship 320.09 1050 7.8 3.5 6.84 --- 2.79 174 2.74 171 A WOL-1 Conasauga Pumpkin Valley Shale 352.60 1157 3.5 3.2 5.35 --- 2.79 174 2.76 172 A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Dismal Gap 38.34 126 --- --- 5.41 --- --- --- --- --- A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Dismal Gap 51.44 169 3.9 3.1 12.84 --- 2.77 173 2.72 170 A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 83.10 273 11.8 4.2 4.58 --- 2.81 175 2.73 170 A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 118.10 387 --- --- 9.59 --- --- --- --- --- A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Rogersville Shale 135.13 443 3.7 4.5 7.97 --- 2.78 174 2.70 169 A 0.5MW012A Conasauga Friendship 148.10 486 3.6 4.5 6.44 --- 2.78 174 2.68 167 A GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 127.76 419 0.59 --- 1.02 --- 2.83 177 2.82 176 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 134.80 442 0.22 --- 0.56 --- 2.82 176 2.81 175 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 136.96 449 1.13 --- 1.30 --- 2.82 176 2.79 174 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 148.69 488 2.77 --- 1.82 --- 2.83 177 2.75 172 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 149.23 490 1.25 --- 1.03 --- 2.84 177 2.80 175 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 151.56 497 2.40 --- 2.43 --- 2.86 179 2.79 174 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 154.28 506 2.17 --- 3.62 --- 2.79 174 2.73 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 183.72 603 0.45 --- 0.45 --- 2.82 176 2.81 175 B 2.3.1-61 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-8 (Sheet 4 of 5)

Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Depth Depth Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Data Borehole Group Unit1 (m) (ft) Helium Mercury Immersion 2 Other (g/cm )3 (pcf) (g/cm )3 (pcf) Source3 GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 159.56 523 1.19 --- 2.04 --- 2.80 175 2.77 173 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 175.16 575 1.62 --- 1.65 --- 2.84 177 2.79 174 B GW-131 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 179.05 587 0.81 --- 0.54 --- 2.81 175 2.79 174 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 188.93 620 0.61 --- 0.54 --- 2.70 169 2.69 168 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 195.45 641 1.12 --- 0.88 --- 2.78 174 2.75 172 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 205.92 676 1.06 --- 0.67 --- 2.78 174 2.75 172 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 206.35 677 8.13 --- 4.52 --- 2.85 178 2.62 164 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 217.02 712 0.37 --- 0.24 --- 2.71 169 2.70 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 231.27 759 0.37 --- 0.22 --- 2.73 170 2.72 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 236.88 777 0.22 --- 0.21 --- 2.71 169 2.71 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 248.26 815 0.22 --- 1.45 --- 2.72 170 2.72 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 258.62 848 0.37 --- 0.22 --- 2.71 169 2.70 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 266.27 874 0.37 --- 0.31 --- 2.71 169 2.70 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 268.28 880 0.45 --- 0.31 --- 2.76 172 2.75 172 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 290.04 952 0.22 --- 0.17 --- 2.73 170 2.73 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 294.44 966 0.22 --- 0.29 --- 2.72 170 2.72 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 301.60 990 0.30 --- 0.30 --- 2.72 170 2.72 170 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 311.56 1022 0.52 --- 0.62 --- 2.72 170 2.71 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 326.49 1071 0.22 --- 0.44 --- 2.71 169 2.70 169 B GW-131 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 333.60 1094 0.22 --- 0.51 --- 2.71 169 2.71 169 B GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 155.85 511 0.21 --- 0.34 --- 2.84 177 2.83 177 B GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 177.78 583 0.48 --- 0.81 --- 2.83 177 2.81 175 B 4

GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 184.53 605 0.55 --- 1.72 0.3 2.79 174 2.78 174 B GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 186.23 611 1.47 --- 2.91 0.54 2.80 175 2.76 172 B GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 189.74 623 0.92 --- 1.39 --- 2.83 177 2.80 175 B 4

GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 193.09 633 1.53 --- 1.81 1.0 2.82 176 2.78 174 B 2.3.1-62 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-8 (Sheet 5 of 5)

Rock Effective Porosity Measurements on the Oak Ridge Reservation Depth Depth Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Data Borehole Group Unit1 (m) (ft) Helium Mercury Immersion 2 Other 3 (g/cm ) (pcf) 3 (g/cm ) (pcf) Source3 4

GW-135 Knox Copper Ridge Dolomite 202.49 664 4.99 --- 3.41 1.3 2.87 179 2.72 170 B GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 212.24 696 0.10 --- 0.24 0.34 2.74 171 2.73 170 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 223.11 732 3.34 --- 2.18 1.4 2.84 177 2.75 172 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 227.25 746 4.10 --- 1.31 2.3 2.84 177 2.72 170 B GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 234.44 769 1.79 --- 1.84 1.74 2.84 177 2.79 174 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 243.46 799 0.10 --- 0.14 1.2 2.70 169 2.70 169 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 249.53 819 0.46 --- 0.24 0.4 2.76 172 2.75 172 B GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 255.40 838 0.34 --- 0.29 2.34 2.70 169 2.69 168 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 268.91 882 0.28 --- 0.26 0.2 2.75 172 2.75 172 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 290.53 953 0.36 --- 0.29 0.8 2.75 172 2.74 171 B GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 306.58 1006 0.24 --- 0.26 0.44 2.74 171 2.73 170 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 314.96 1033 0.14 --- 0.24 0.3 2.70 169 2.70 169 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 318.01 1043 0.56 --- 0.29 0.2 2.74 171 2.72 170 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 324.08 1063 0.17 --- 0.60 0.4 2.71 169 2.70 169 B GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 345.49 1133 0.15 --- 0.46 0.24 2.71 169 2.70 169 B 4

GW-135 Conasauga Maynardville Limestone 365.02 1198 0.06 --- 0.34 0.3 2.73 170 2.73 170 B Number of tests 83 33 90 46 83 83 83 83 1

Unit names for Maryville Limestone and Rutledge Limestone changed to current usage of Dismal Gap and Friendship respectively.

2 Some values represent the average of several tests.

3 Data Sources:

A (Reference 2.3.1-45)

B (Reference 2.3.1-46) 4 Results from a sample approximately collocated with the other results.

Effective Porosity (%) Grain Density Bulk Density Helium Mercury Immersion Other (g/cm3) (pcf) (g/cm3) (pcf)

Average 3.85 3.79 4.67 1.11 2.77 173 2.73 170 Minimum 0.06 2.7 0.14 0.1 2.70 169 2.62 164 Maximum 19.2 5.2 15.87 3.4 2.87 179 2.83 177 2.3.1-63 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-9 Representative Soil and Rock Properties Important to Radionuclide Transport Total Unit Weight Specific Gravity Group Unit Material Best Estimate Range Best Estimate Range (pcf) (pcf)

Existing Fill/Residual Soil Silt and Clay 120 NA 2.75 NA 1

unconsolidated New Granular Backfill well graded Sand 135 NA 2.70 NA Weathered Rock Limestone/Siltstone 140 NA NA NA Benbolt formation Limestone/Siltstone 168 163-170 2.70 2.62-2.72 Rockdell formation Limestone 168 160-169 2.69 2.57-2.71 Chickamauga Fleanor member Siltstone 168 166-176 2.70 2.67-2.83 Eidson member Limestone 168 164-169 2.69 2.64-2.71 Blackford formation Limestone/Siltstone 168 164-169 2.68 2.64-2.71 Knox Newala formation Dolomite 175 161-177 2.80 2.59-2.84 1 based on Tennessee Department of Transportation Type A specification Note:

NA = information not available 2.3.1-64 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.1-10 Groundwater Linear Velocity and Travel Time Representative Property Source Value Maximum calculated value as documented in SSAR Table 2.4.12-6 (observation well OW-Hydraulic Conductivity (ft/d) 2.6 423L)

Horizontal Hydraulic Gradient 0.07 Mean value as presented in SSAR Table 2.4.12-8 (ft/ft)

Mean value determined in SSAR Table 2.4.12-7, using the Immersion test method results Effective Porosity (decimal) 0.0467 which the referenced author identified as the test method that yields results that most accurately approaches the true effective porosity value.

Shortest distance from edge of power block area to Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Distance to Receptor (ft) 1400 Reservoir (Figure 2.3.1-19)

Calculated Values Linear Velocity (ft/d) 3.90 Travel Time (days) 359 Travel Time (years) 0.98 2.3.1-65 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Anderson County Po V U

327 a rC re ek pla r Be Cre ek Oak Ridge Clinch River arm of the ee k

Watts Bar Reservoir Cr ak eo CRM 12 hit W

E Barge/Traffic Area ek Rd V U

95 e

Cr CRM 13 ar E Be CRM 14 ek E r e

Grassy C Creek o on R cc a

CRM 20 Whiteoak CRM 15 E Lake CRM 19 PROPOSED E E DISCHARGE CRM 18 CRM 21 E

V U

58 E

^

PROPOSED INTAKE CRM 16 Pa CRM 22 CRM 23 Melton E wp E E aw C reek Hill Dam CRM 17 E

§

¨ 40 CRM 24 E

ek Melton Hill re Reservoir sC i ng S pr ar pl Po Loudon County Roane County k

re e yC ne Ca

£ 321

£ 321

£ 70 Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Railroads, ESRI Railroads; Roads, ESRI USA q Miles 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 Major Highways; Cities/City Boundaries, ESRI City; Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties Legend

^ CRN Site Center Point Rivers and Lakes Interstate Bear Creek Road E Clinch River Mile Town/City Boundaries Highway CRN Site Counties Major Road Barge/Traffic Area Railroads Figure 2.3.1-1. CRN Site Vicinity Water Resources 2.3.1-66 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Sunbright Norris Dam Scott County Campbell County V

U Lake City V

U 329 61

£ Norris 441

£ Rosedale Briceville 27 U V

116

§

¨ U

V 116 U

V 75 V

U eek 61 V

U 62 Cr Fork Mountain 61 Lancing la r U

V V U

Po p

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Wartburg Anderson County 61 298 Petros k U

V 62 re e Morgan County 330 rC la Po p

U V V U V U V U

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£ 62 61 170 13 25 Em i ve V U

61 Oak Ridge V

U ory R V U

29 62 r

V U Solway V

U Oakdale 95 Karns V

U 327 299 e ek Cr Harriman Bea r d k r ee k Melton Hill U V

162 Cumberland County kR ee

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£ s ee U

V Cr Kingston Westel in g 332 140 27 pr ey pa la rS n w Ca Pa 70 U V

op Roane County P

£ 326 Louisville Me Lenoir City Fort Loudoun Dam

£ 27 Watts Bar Reservoir §

¨ 75 Tellico Dam Friendsville

£ 321 Aln V

U V

U Loudon Loudon County 72 U

V 72 V

U 322 Blount County Rhea County V

U 58 V

U V U 95

£ 323 Philadelphia Greenback 411 Ten Mile q

Meigs County Little Tennessee Watts Bar Dam River

£ 129

  • V U

68 Sweetwater V U

72 McMinn County Vonore Miles U

V Monroe County Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Counties/County Lines, ESRI Counties; 0 32.5 60 5 7.5 10 Railroads, ESRI Railroads; Roads, ESRI USA Major Highways; Cities/City Boundaries, ESRI City Legend

^ CRN Site Center Point Rivers and Lakes Interstate

  • Dam City/Town Boundaries Highway City Counties Major Road CRN Site Railroads Bear Creek Road Figure 2.3.1-2. CRN Site Regional Water Resources 2.3.1-67 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-3. Melton Hill Dam Weekly Discharge Frequency 2.3.1-68 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-4. Operating Guide for Headwater Elevation at Watts Bar Dam 2.3.1-69 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-5. Daily Average Release from Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-70 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-6. Percentile for Daily Average Release from Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-71 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-7. Percentile for Hourly Average Release from Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-72 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-8. Average Annual Frequency of No Release Events from Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-73 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-9. WSEL Measurements at CR SMR and WBH, and Discharge Measurements at Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-74 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-10. Headwater Elevation at Watts Bar Dam, Showing Max, Min, and Average Values of Daily Midnight Readings, 2004-2013 2.3.1-75 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-11. Hourly Water Temperature for Tailwater Below Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-76 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-12. Daily Maximum, Minimum, and Average Hourly Water Temperature for Tailwater Below Melton Hill Dam 2.3.1-77 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-13. Percentile for Change in Hourly Water Temperature between CRM 16.1 and CRM 22.6/MHH Tailwater 2.3.1-78 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Rd nk Ta RAILROAD t er OFFLOAD AREA a HIGHWAY W ACCESS RAMPS RAILROAD d

lR Rd atr BARGE/TRAFFIC e ek o AREA Cr nP ar Be Zio CRM 14 Ne BARGE w

UNLOADING Clinch River arm of the FACILITY Watts Bar Reservoir TN 5 8 LAYDOWN AREA Ln AC C

n lto ES Cu SR OA D

Rd Sheet 2 of 3 cke r Tha CRM 15 Jones Island Rd R d d h er rr yR lla Pe d Sheet 3 of 3 Ga R

R og dg ers CRM 18 e R L n id CRM 17.9 ge CRM 15.5 a Ri Bl PROPOSED ck Ro DISCHARGE/ PROPOSED rn ge DIFFUSER INTAKE bu rs PIPES STRUCTURE Ln d

id g eR Rogers Ridge Rd tR Ch est nu CRM 16 RIV ER RO AD ings Poplar Spr q

d r sR ee Sp Ln CRM 17 rs Rd d le 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 Fid Miles Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Roads, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division Legend CRN Site Wetland Barge/Traffic Area Rivers and Lakes Bathemetry Contours Permanently Cleared Areas Transmission Line (Range: 709-743 feet) Local Roads 500 kV Transmission Line Approximate Proposed 161 kV Temporary Cleared Areas Right-of-Way Transmission Line Relocation Ponds Figure 2.3.1-14. (Sheet 1 of 3) CRN Site Bathemetry 2.3.1-79 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 20 5

730 7 73 CRM 15 740 725 7 725 15 15 7 740 720 Ln er ry St W

ea Ch v er 715 Cherry Pt 715 715 715 71 5

n H ill L 7 15 ith Sm CRM 715 d 15.5 eR 72 7 73 5

id g 0 20 tR tnu 72 0 71 es 5 Ch Proposed Location 720 72 0

of Diffuser Pipes 72 0

72 0

720 725 730 720 720 715 720 715 720 720 SUBMERGED 72 0

720 ISLAND 720 725 7 35 20 7 7 7 35 30 Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Roads, 72 CRM 16 0

72 715 0

730 0 350 700 1,050 q

1,400 Feet U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division Legend Bathemetry Contours CRN Site Wetland (Range: 709-743 feet) Local Roads Approximate Proposed 161 kV Permanently Cleared Areas Transmission Line Transmission Line Relocation Temporary Cleared Areas 500 kV Transmission Line Submerged Island Right-of-Way Ponds Rivers and Lakes Figure 2.3.1-14. (Sheet 2 of 3) CRN Site Bathemetry 2.3.1-80 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 72 0

5 1

7 715 720 5

71 715 71 5 CRM 18 720 CRM 17.9 730 Bl a ck rn bu Ln PROPOSED INTAKE STRUCTURE 720 715 725 740 71 5

0 72 715 5

71 715 740 5

715 71 720 725 71 5

5 715 71 71 5

735 q

730 715 735 720 0 250 500 750 1,000 Feet Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA Water Body Types; Roads, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division Legend CRN Site Bathemetry Contours (Range: 709-743 feet) Rivers and Lakes Permanently Cleared Areas Approximate Proposed 161 kV Local Roads Transmission Line Relocation Temporary Cleared Areas Figure 2.3.1-14. (Sheet 3 of 3) CRN Site Bathemetry 2.3.1-81 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-15. Location Map - ORR and CRN Site 2.3.1-82 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-16. Geographic Regions of Tennessee 2.3.1-83 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-17. Preconstruction Topographic and Geologic Map and Cross-Section of the CRBRP Project 2.3.1-84 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-18. Current Site Topography and Observation Well Locations 2.3.1-85 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-19. CRBRP Fill and Excavation Areas 2.3.1-86 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-20. Cambrian and Ordovician Aquifers 2.3.1-87 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-21. Typical Cross-Section of the East Tennessee Aquifer System 2.3.1-88 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-29).

Figure 2.3.1-22. Site Area Hydrogeostratigraphy 2.3.1-89 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-28)

Figure 2.3.1-23. ORR Vertical Flow Conceptualization 2.3.1-90 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report a) Box and whisker plot of hydraulic conductivity tests by geologic formation. Data presented in Appendix 2.3-A Figure 2.3.1-24. (Sheet 1 of 2) ORR Historic Bedrock Hydraulic Conductivity Test Data 2.3.1-91 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report b) Scatter plot of hydraulic conductivity versus depth. Data presented in Appendix 2.3-A Figure 2.3.1-24. (Sheet 2 of 2) ORR Historic Bedrock Hydraulic Conductivity Test Data 2.3.1-92 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-25. ORR Aquifer Pumping Test Results 2.3.1-93 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report a) Box and whisker plot of CRBRP bedrock packer test results. Data presented in Appendix 2.3-B Figure 2.3.1-26. (Sheet 1 of 2) CRBRP Bedrock Packer Hydraulic Conductivity Tests 2.3.1-94 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report b) Hydraulic conductivity versus depth plot of CRBRP bedrock packer test results. Data presented in Appendix 2.3-B Figure 2.3.1-26. (Sheet 2 of 2) CRBRP Bedrock Packer Hydraulic Conductivity Tests 2.3.1-95 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-31)

Figure 2.3.1-27. Groundwater Levels Adjacent to the Clinch River 2.3.1-96 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-32)

Figure 2.3.1-28. Sole Source Aquifers in EPA Region IV 2.3.1-97 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-23)

Figure 2.3.1-29. U.S. Geological Survey Regional Hydrograph 2.3.1-98 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-34)

Figure 2.3.1-30. U.S. Geological Survey Hydrograph Near the CRN Site 2.3.1-99 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 1 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-101 Well Cluster 2.3.1-100 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 2 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-202 Well Cluster 2.3.1-101 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 3 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-401 Well Cluster 2.3.1-102 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 4 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-409 Well Cluster 2.3.1-103 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 5 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-415 Well Cluster 2.3.1-104 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 6 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-416 Well Cluster 2.3.1-105 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 7 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-417 Well Cluster 2.3.1-106 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 8 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-418 Well Cluster 2.3.1-107 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 9 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-419 Well Cluster 2.3.1-108 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 10 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-420 Well Cluster 2.3.1-109 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 11 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-421 Well Cluster 2.3.1-110 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 12 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-423 Well Cluster 2.3.1-111 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 13 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-428 Well Cluster 2.3.1-112 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-31. (Sheet 14 of 14) Hydrograph of OW-429 Well Cluster 2.3.1-113 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Source: (Reference 2.3.1-35)

Figure 2.3.1-32. Bethel Valley Flow Conceptualization 2.3.1-114 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-33. Potentiometric Surface Map for September 24, 2013 2.3.1-115 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-34. Potentiometric Surface Map for December 20, 2013 2.3.1-116 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-35. Potentiometric Surface Map for January 13, 2014 2.3.1-117 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-36. Potentiometric Surface Map for March 16, 2014 2.3.1-118 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-37. Potentiometric Surface Map for May 15, 2014 2.3.1-119 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-38. Potentiometric Surface Map for August 18, 2014 2.3.1-120 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-39. Potentiometric Surface Map for November 4, 2014 2.3.1-121 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-40. Potentiometric Surface Map for February 12, 2015 2.3.1-122 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-41. Potentiometric Surface Map for May 19, 2015 2.3.1-123 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-42. Potentiometric Surface Map for August 10, 2015 2.3.1-124 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-43. Snapshot in Time Showing Equipotential Lines in the Vertical Plane Along the Strike of the Bedding Plane on June 13, 2014 2.3.1-125 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-44. Fracture Frequency Histogram 2.3.1-126 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Adapted from: (Reference 2.3.1-21)

Figure 2.3.1-45. Example Acoustic Televiewer Geophysical Log 2.3.1-127 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report a) Box and whisker plot of CRN packer test results by geologic unit. Data from Table 2.3.1-5 and Appendix 2.3-B Figure 2.3.1-46. (Sheet 1 of 2) Clinch River Nuclear Borehole Packer Test Results Box and Whisker Plots 2.3.1-128 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report b) Box and whisker plot comparing CRN packer test results with CRBRP packer test results. Data from Table 2.3.1-5 and Appendix 2.3-B Figure 2.3.1-46. (Sheet 2 of 2) Clinch River Nuclear Borehole Packer Test Results Box and Whisker Plots 2.3.1-129 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Data from Table 2.3.1-5 Figure 2.3.1-47. Scatter Plot of Clinch River Nuclear Packer Test Hydraulic Conductivity Results with Depth 2.3.1-130 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report a) Box and whisker plot of slug test hydraulic conductivity by observation well monitoring zone. Data from Table 2.3.1-6 Figure 2.3.1-48. (Sheet 1 of 2) Slug Test Results for CRN Site 2.3.1-131 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report b) Scatter plot of slug test hydraulic conductivity with depth below ground surface. Data from Table 2.3.1-6 Figure 2.3.1-48. (Sheet 2 of 2) Slug Test Results for CRN Site 2.3.1-132 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.1-49. Comparison of Slug and Packer Test Results 2.3.1-133 Revision 2

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3.2 Water Use This subsection describes surface water and groundwater uses in the vicinity of the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site which can affect or be affected by the construction and operation of two or more small modular reactors (SMRs). Information provided in this subsection includes descriptions of the types of consumptive and non-consumptive water uses, identification of water use withdrawal and discharge locations, and qualification of water withdrawals and returns. In addition, a detailed assessment of local area facility water use is discussed in this subsection.

2.3.2.1 Surface Water To evaluate surface water availability for the Clinch River (CR) SMR Project, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) conducted a Regional Surface Water Use Study (Reference 2.3.2-1).

2.3.2.1.1 Basin-wide Surface Water Use Total surface water withdrawals for the Tennessee River watershed during 2010 were estimated to average 11,747 million gallons per day (mgd). The return flow was estimated to be 11,480 mgd, which represents 96.1 percent of the water withdrawn. The net water demand, which is the difference between the withdrawals and the returns, is a measure of consumptive use.

Consumptive use is water that evaporates, transpires, or is consumed by humans, livestock, or crops. The net water demand in 2010 was 471 mgd, or 3.9 percent of the total withdrawals.

(Reference 2.3.2-1)

Of the 11,747 mgd of surface water withdrawn from the Tennessee River system in 2010, thermoelectric power withdrawals were an estimated 10,046 mgd; industrial withdrawals were 1116 mgd; public supply withdrawals were 558 mgd; and irrigation withdrawals were 27 mgd.

(Reference 2.3.2-1)

In 2010, net water demand was 52 mgd for thermoelectric, 75 mgd for industrial, 310 mgd for public supply, and 34 mgd for irrigation. By 2035, overall total water withdrawals are projected to decline approximately 21 percent to 9449 mgd. By category, water withdrawals are projected to increase as follows: industrial withdrawals increase 31 percent to 1502 mgd, public supply withdrawals increase 30 percent to 938 mgd, and irrigation withdrawals increase 35 percent to 46 mgd. Thermoelectric water withdrawal is expected to decline 31 percent to 6963 mgd, reflecting a change in both generating and cooling technologies for power plants. (Reference 2.3.2-1)

Table 2.3.2-1 shows historical off-stream water use in the Tennessee River watershed from 1995 to 2010 and projected water use to 2035. Total water use peaked in 2005 and has decreased since then, mostly due to decline in thermoelectric water use. Industrial and irrigation use has changed little from 1995 to 2010, but public supply has increased steadily, closely following population growth.

2.3.2-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3.2.1.2 Water Use Regulation The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has promulgated regulations that implement Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) for new and existing electric power producing facilities. Subpart I of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR) Part 125 describes requirements applicable to cooling water intake structures for new facilities. Under the definitions in 40 CFR 125.83, the Watts Bar Reservoir would be considered a lake or reservoir, because it has a residence time greater than 7 days.

The impacts of the cooling water intake structures at the facility are regulated by the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), under Section 316(b) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (also known as the CWA), through limitations specified in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for the facility. These CWA 316(b) requirements seek to protect water quality from the potential adverse impacts of water withdrawals through intake structures. Separately, TDEC implements state water registration requirements to gather information that helps the management of water resources.

2.3.2.1.3 Surface Water Use in the CRN Site Vicinity For the Regional Surface Water Use Study, TVAs 2010 Water Use database was queried for the seven-county area surrounding the CRN Site (Reference 2.3.2-1).. The results for water withdrawal are summarized in Table 2.3.2-2. Table 2.3.2-3 contains the individual data records from the query for withdrawals and Figure 2.3.2-1 shows the locations of the withdrawals.

As shown in Table 2.3.2-2, total 2010 withdrawal was 1478.91 mgd. Thermoelectric water use (1366.17 mgd) was by far the highest usage due to withdrawals for Bull Run, Kingston, and Watts Bar power plants. Public supply was the second highest water use (102.62 mgd).

Of the water intakes listed in Table 2.3.2-3, only the Oak Ridge Bear Creek Road facility has a Surface Water Protection Area which includes the CRN Site. Presently, Oak Ridge has plans to close down the Bear Creek Road facility.

TVAs reservoir operating policy was designed to meet the off-stream water needs of the Tennessee Valley until the year 2030. The forecast of 2030 water needs was based on a water use estimate prepared using year 2000 data. The estimates used to develop the reservoir operating policy were a total withdrawal of 13,990 mgd with a return of 13,010 mgd with a net water demand of 980 mgd. The current watershed projection of water demand for 2035 indicates a total withdrawal of 9449 mgd with a return of 8737 mgd for a net water demand of 712 mgd. (Reference 2.3.2-1)

There is no hydroelectric power generation in the immediate vicinity of the CRN Site; however, the Melton Hill, Watts Bar, and Norris dams include hydroelectric generation plants. Both dams are multipurpose dams with operations that also include maintaining navigation channels, flood 2.3.2-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report control, recreational opportunities, fisheries and aquatic habitat, and water quality. (Reference 2.3.2-2; Reference 2.3.2-3; Reference 2.3.2-4)

The Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir is host to various recreational activities, including canoeing, kayaking, boating, and fishing (Reference 2.3.2-5). Both commercial and recreational boating are available in the vicinity of the CRN Site. Recreational boat access and fishing opportunities are provided at the area boat ramps and public parks (Reference 2.3.2-6). These recreational activities are discussed in further detail in Subsection 2.5.2.5.

2.3.2.1.4 Surface Water Use for the Proposed SMR The use of water for the proposed SMR is described in Section 3.3.

2.3.2.2 Groundwater Use This section contains a description of the historical, current, and projected groundwater use at and in the vicinity of the CRN Site. Sole source aquifers within the region are also identified and discussed.

As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.1.2, the principal aquifers in the Valley and Ridge Province consist of the carbonate rocks. Other types of rocks in the province can yield large quantities of water to wells where they are fractured, contain solution openings, or are directly hydraulically connected to sources of recharge (Reference 2.3.2-7).

Well yields in the Valley and Ridge Province vary from 1 to 2500 gallons per minute (gpm). The largest yields are from wells completed in Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate rocks (e.g., the Knox Group). The median yield of wells completed in the principal aquifers range from about 11 to 350 gpm (Reference 2.3.2-7).

Spring discharges also vary greatly across the Valley and Ridge Province, ranging from about 1 to 5000 gpm, with median discharges from the principal aquifers varying from 20 to 175 gpm.

Spring discharges can be highly dependent on rainfall with some springs discharging as much as 10 times more water during high precipitation events as compared to periods of little rainfall (Reference 2.3.2-7). Wet-weather perched water tables and intermittent springs have been noted to occur.

Because surface water is abundant in the region, the EPAs Sole Source Aquifer Program has not identified any sole source aquifers in Tennessee (Subsection 2.3.1.2). A sole-source aquifer is defined as the sole or principal source of drinking water that supplies 50 percent or more of drinking water for an area, with no reasonable available alternative sources should the aquifer becomes contaminated. The identified sole-source aquifers in EPA Region 4 are beyond the boundaries of the local and regional hydrogeologic systems associated with the CRN Site.

Therefore, the CRN Site will not impact any identified sole-source aquifer.

2.3.2-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3.2.2.1 Historical Groundwater Use In support of the CRBRP licensing activities at the CRN Site, TVA conducted a survey (completed in June 1973) to locate wells and springs within a two-mile radius of the site (Reference 2.3.2-8). The TVA survey reported that 110 wells and springs were located within two miles of the CRN Site. All of the wells were located across the Clinch River from the site, and nearly all of the wells inspected were small domestic wells of limited capacity (Reference 2.3.2-8). Reported well flow rates were generally less than 10 gpm, and reported well depths ranged from approximately 20 to 700 feet (ft) below ground. The study concluded that due to the abundance of surface water supplies and the relatively low yield of bedrock aquifers in the area, future groundwater use is unlikely to be significantly different than the present groundwater use.

Publicly available data regarding current and projected future residential well/spring use were not found at this time.

Water use in the Tennessee River Valley, which includes the Clinch River watershed, has been estimated for the years 2000, 2005, and 2010 (Reference 2.3.2-9; Reference 2.3.2-10; Reference 2.3.2-11). These reports tabulate water use on a variety of scales and serve as the primary basis for the estimation of present water use in the area of the CRN Site.

To characterize groundwater use in the area surrounding the site, data from these reports were totaled for Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Morgan, and Roane Counties (henceforth referred to as the groundwater study area). The CRN Site is located in northeast Roane County, while nearby population centers, including the cities of Oak Ridge and Knoxville, lie in the surrounding counties. Figure 2.3.2-2 shows the location of the site and the five counties that comprise the groundwater study area for water use characterization.

Surface water is the predominant source of water for all uses in the Tennessee Valley, accounting for 98.3 percent of total withdrawals in 2010 (Reference 2.3.2-11). Groundwater provided the remaining 1.7 percent, or about 205 mgd of withdrawals in the Tennessee Valley.

In the groundwater study area, surface water accounted for 99.7 percent of total withdrawals in 2010.

In the Tennessee Valley, thermoelectric power generation uses water exclusively from surface water withdrawals and is the dominant use category in the Tennessee Valley, as well as in the groundwater study area. Water withdrawals in 2010 for use categories (i.e., industrial, public supply and irrigation) other than thermoelectric power generation, were 97 percent from surface water and 3 percent from groundwater in the study area (Reference 2.3.2-11).

In the groundwater study area, total groundwater withdrawals for 2010 were 3.5 mgd, up from 3.3 mgd in 2005 (Reference 2.3.2-11; Reference 2.3.2-10). This also reflects a decrease in groundwater withdrawals relative to the estimates of withdrawals for 1985, which indicated withdrawals of at least 5 mgd (Reference 2.3.2-7). Table 2.3.2-4 presents groundwater withdrawals for the five counties in the groundwater study area for 2000, 2005, and 2010 by category (industrial, public supply, and irrigation); total withdrawals by category are shown in 2.3.2-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.3.2-3. The largest category of use for groundwater withdrawals for the groundwater study area in 2010 was public water supply (66 percent), followed by industrial use (33 percent) and irrigation (less than 1 percent) (Reference 2.3.2-11).

As shown in Figure 2.3.2-3, there has been an increase in industrial use of groundwater and a decrease in groundwater use for public supply since 2000. These changes have primarily occurred in Knox County, which increased industrial use from 0.13 mgd to 1.13 mgd from 2000 to 2010 while reducing the use of groundwater as a source of public supply (Table 2.3.2-4).

Only Roane County has seen an increase in reported groundwater withdrawals since 2000, almost exclusively for public supply. No groundwater withdrawals were reported for Morgan County.

2.3.2.2.2 Current Groundwater Use The EPAs Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) database was queried for the five counties in the groundwater study area to identify public drinking water systems that utilize groundwater for supply. The database query was performed in July of 2013 and classifies water systems into three categories:

  • Community water systems, which serve the same people year round (e.g., homes)
  • Non-transient non-community water systems, which serve the same people but not year round (e.g., schools that have their own water supply)
  • Transient non-community water systems, which do not consistently serve the same people (e.g., rest stops, campgrounds) (Reference 2.3.2-12)

The SDWIS query includes the water system name, county, population served, and system category and the results are summarized in Table 2.3.2-5.

Three community water systems in the groundwater study area were identified that use groundwater as the primary source of supply (Table 2.3.2-5). The town of Norris, Tennessee, located about 40 mi northeast of the CRN Site in Anderson County, serves the largest population of the three systems, while Johnson University, located east of Knoxville and Creekside Mobile Homes in Loudon County serve the next two larger populations. Two water systems were classified as non-transient non-community water systems that rely on groundwater, both of which appear to be industrial users in Knox County. Four transient non-community systems were identified, consisting of two campgrounds, a marina, and a yacht club.

TVA has identified additional groundwater users that were not included in the results obtained from queries in SDWIS. These are also provided in Table 2.3.2-5.

TDEC produced a source water assessment report in 2003, which was submitted to the EPA in compliance with the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Acts Amendments. Appendix A of the 2.3.2-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report assessment report lists water systems and sources by county. (Reference 2.3.2-13) This list indicates whether a water system uses multiple sources of water as opposed to the SDWIS database, which only reports the primary water source. However, TDEC does not indicate in what proportion the water sources are used (Reference 2.3.2-13). The community water systems that use groundwater (as of 2003) via wells or springs for at least part of their water supply are listed in Table 2.3.2-6. Groundwater intakes near the CRN Site are shown in Figure 2.3.2-4.

A later report by TDEC published in 2009 assesses Tennessee drinking water sources and potential threats to drinking water quality and quantity (Reference 2.3.2-14). The report states that a recent drought impacted 30 groundwater systems throughout the state, including the Oliver Springs Water Board in Roane County. The town of Oliver Springs is located approximately 2 mi northwest of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and utilizes Bacon Spring for a portion of its water supply (Reference 2.3.2-14).

The report also notes the complicated geology of Middle and East Tennessee (karst, faulting, etc.) and urges additional assessment of groundwater resources in the state.

Information pertaining to individual wells in the vicinity of the CRN Site was obtained from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC), Division of Water Resources, Drinking Water Unit. This information was derived from water well driller reports submitted to TDEC following completion of water well drilling. Such reports include well location by either latitude and longitude or street address, date completed, static level, total depth, estimated yield, proposed use of well, casing depth, and finish type (i.e., open hole or screened). Figure 2.3.2-5 shows the location of individual wells within a 1.5-mile radius of the CRN Site, all of which are located in Roane County. Table 2.3.2-7 lists for each well the proposed use, estimated yield, total depth, casing depth, expected geologic unit in which the wells are located, and finish type. There are 32 residential wells, three commercial wells, and one farm well for a total of 36 individual wells. Estimated well yields range from 0.5 to 75 gallons per minute (three wells had no estimated well yield). Total depths range from 42 to 900 feet below grade, while casing depths range from 20 to 190 feet below grade. Twenty-eight of the wells are finished as open hole wells, while no finish type information was available for the remaining wells. The geologic unit in which wells are completed was inferred from regional geologic mapping, as this information was not available from TDEC. The actual geologic unit(s) from which a well obtains water may differ from what is shown in Table 2.3.2-7, depending on the exact well location and the well and casing depths.

2.3.2.2.3 Projected Groundwater Use Bohac and Bowen provide general future water use projections through 2035 for the Tennessee Valley. Predictions include a decrease of 21 percent in total withdrawals (surface water and groundwater), mostly due to the retirement of aging power plants. Industrial and public supply water uses are expected to increase by 31 percent and 30 percent, respectively. Groundwater uses may not increase in kind since the vast majority of users in the Tennessee Valley rely on surface water as a primary source. No groundwater-specific projections for water use are available in Bohac and Bowen. (Reference 2.3.2-11) 2.3.2-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The current surrogate CRN SMR plant design does not require groundwater as a source for cooling water, potable water, or other plant needs. Makeup water for the closed-cycle cooling system is sourced from the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir, while potable and other water comes from the Oak Ridge Department of Public Works. In addition, surface disturbance at the site is not expected to affect the recharge zones for those users shown on Table 2.3.2-6 or for intakes shown on Figure 2.3.2-4.

2.3.2.2.4 CRN Groundwater Use Summary Groundwater is not a primary source of water in the region as surface water is abundant and provides nearly all of the supply for users in the area. This abundant surface water coupled with relatively low productivity groundwater wells within a two-mile radius of the CRN Site, make it unlikely that significant differences from current usage will occur in the future.

Total groundwater withdrawals in the five counties surrounding the CRN Site have been fairly constant from 2000 to 2010, though the uses have changed and evolved in each county. The leading use of groundwater in the study area is for public supply, followed by industrial use.

From 2000 to 2010, industrial use has increased while public supply withdrawals have decreased in the five counties surrounding the CRN Site.

Present and known future offsite groundwater users are sufficiently distant from the CRN Site such that withdrawals would not affect or be adversely affected by the plant.

The surrogate CRN plant design does not rely on groundwater for any part of its operating supply. Thus, there is no groundwater demand due to the surrogate CRN SMR plant. There are no current or projected groundwater users for the CRN Site.

Temporary dewatering is required to maintain a dry excavation for the construction of the foundations for the CRN plant structures. Dewatering is to be accomplished using similar techniques as were used during the CRBRP excavations. These techniques included installation of horizontal gravity drains in the excavated rock faces and pumping from sumps located around the perimeter of the excavation and at the base of the excavation. Grouting of localized areas was performed when higher water inflow was encountered (Reference 2.3.2-8).

These dewatering methods are localized to the power block area excavation and to the areas immediately in the vicinity of the power block excavations.

2.3.2.3 References Reference 2.3.2-1. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site Regional Surface Water Use Study - Revision 2," April 24, 2015.

Reference 2.3.2-2. Tennessee Valley Authority, Watts Bar Reservoir Website, Website:

http://www.tva.com/sites/wattsbarres.htm, 2015.

2.3.2-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.2-3. Tennessee Valley Authority, Melton Hill Reservoir, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/sites/meltonhill.htm, 2013.

Reference 2.3.2-4. Tennessee Valley Authority, Norris Reservoir, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/sites/norris.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.2-5. AECOM, "Final Clinch River Site Land Use and Recreation Technical Report - Revision 2," Greenville, SC, Tennessee Valley Authority, October, 2014.

Reference 2.3.2-6. Tennessee Valley Authority, Office of Environment and Research, Recreation Area Matrix - Watts Bar Reservoir, Website:

http://www.tva.com/river/recreation/pdf/watts_bar_rec_matrix.pdf, 2011.

Reference 2.3.2-7. Lloyd, O. B. and Lyke, W. L., Ground Water Atlas of the United States:

Segment 10, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, USGS Hydrological Atlas 730-K, 1995.

Reference 2.3.2-8. Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report," Volume 2, Amendment 68, May, 1982.

Reference 2.3.2-9. Hutson, S., Koroa, M. C., and Murphree, C. M., "Estimated Water Use in the Tennessee River Watershed in 2000 and Projections of Water Use to 2030," U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigation Report 03-4302, 89pp, 2004.

Reference 2.3.2-10. Bohac, C. E. and McCall, M. J., "Water Use in the Tennessee Valley for 2005 and Projected Use in 2030," Tennessee Valley Authority, River Operations and Renewables, 2008.

Reference 2.3.2-11. Bohac, C. E. and Bowen, A. K., "Water Use in the Tennessee Valley for 2010 and Projected Use in 2035," Tennessee Valley Authority, River Operations and Renewables, 2012.

Reference 2.3.2-12. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Safe Drinking Water Search for the State of Tennessee, Safe Drinking Water Database, Website:

http://oaspub.epa.gov/enviro/sdw_form_v3.create_page?state_abbr=TN, 2013.

Reference 2.3.2-13. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Tennessee Source Water Assessment Report, August 2003, Website:

http://www.tn.gov/environment/water/water-supply_source-assessment.shtml, August, 2003.

Reference 2.3.2-14. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, TDEC Division of Water Pollution Control and Division of Water Supply, Protection of Potable Water Supplies in Tennessee Watersheds, Website: http://www.tn.gov/environment/water/water-supply_source-assessment.shtml, 2009.

2.3.2-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-1 Trends of Estimated Water Use in the Tennessee River Watershed 1995 to 2035 Percent Off-stream Use 1995 2000 2005 2010 2035 change (mgd) 2010-2035 Total withdrawals 10,008 12,211 12,437 11,951 9449 -21 Thermoelectric 8010 10,276 10,531 10,046 6963 -31 Industrial 1030 1205 1179 1148 1502 31 Public supply 574 662 684 723 938 30 Irrigation 48 69 43 34 46 35 Source of water Surface 9750 11,996 12,237 11,747 NA NA Ground 258 215 200 204 NA NA Net water demand NA 649 432 471 712 51 (consumptive use)

Note:

NA = not available Source: (Reference 2.3.2-1) 2.3.2-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-2 2010 Surface Water Use in the Surface Water Review Area (mgd)

County Thermoelectric Industrial Public Supply Irrigation1 Total Withdrawal Anderson 430.18 0.52 13.20 0.45 444.35 Knox 0 2.08 66.99 0.29 69.35 Loudon 0 5.65 11.23 0.57 17.45 Meigs 0 0 0 0 0 Morgan 0 0 1.13 0 1.13 Rhea 207.91 0 3.42 0.22 211.55 Roane 728.08 0.30 6.65 0.04 735.07 Total 1366.17 8.54 102.62 1.57 1478.91 Return Anderson 429.57 4.46 6.85 NA 440.88 Knox 0 3.14 57.78 NA 60.92 Loudon 0 4.00 8.85 NA 12.85 Meigs 0 0 0.33 NA 0.33 Morgan 0 0 0.65 NA 0.65 Rhea 191.40 0 3.01 NA 194.41 Roane 727.41 0.96 3.00 NA 731.37 Total 1348.38 12.56 80.47 NA 1441.41 1

Includes known intakes and estimated irrigation from agricultural surveys.

Note:

NA = Not available Source: (Reference 2.3.2-1) 2.3.2-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-3 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Surface Water Withdrawals in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Morgan, Rhea, and Roane Counties Average Annual User Name County Water Source Withdrawal 2010 Record #

Type (mgd)

Oak Ridge Dept. Of Public Works Anderson PS Melton Hill Reservoir 8.07 6520 Centennial Golf Course Anderson IR Melton Hill Reservoir 0.42 4427 Bull Run Fossil Plant Anderson TH Melton Hill Reservoir 430.18 5833 Anderson County Utility Board Anderson PS Melton Hill Reservoir 1.41 6775 Rexnord Corporation Link-Belt Bearing Anderson IN Melton Hill Reservoir 0.52 4423 Clinton Utilities Board Anderson PS Melton Hill Reservoir 2.26 5992 North Anderson County U D Anderson PS Clinch River 1.46 6507 First UD Of Knox County Knox PS Fort Loudoun Reservoir 12.70 6305 West Knox Utility District Knox PS Melton Hill Reservoir 4.81 6307 Knox-Chapman Utility District Knox PS Fort Loudoun Reservoir 4.00 6302 Knoxville Ub#1 Whitaker Plant Knox PS Fort Loudoun Reservoir 35.96 6299 1

West Knox Utility District Knox PS Melton Hill Reservoir 0.76 6308 1

Hallsdale Powell U D Knox PS Melton Hill Reservoir 6.77 6203 Cemex, Inc. Knox IN Holston River 1.95 4557 Northeast Knox U D Knox PS Holston River 1.98 6510 Valley Proteins Knox IN Lyons Creek 0.01 8892 Rinker Materials South Central - Midway Quarry Knox MI Quarry Pit 0.07 4563 Rinker Materials South Central - I-75 Quarry Knox MI Quarry Pit 0.04 4560 Rinker Materials South Central - I-75 Quarry Knox MI Williams Branch 0.00 4561 Tellico Village Public Works Loudon PS Tellico Reservoir 0.22 9622 Loudon Utilities Board Loudon PS Watts Bar Reservoir 9.28 6352 Viskase Corp. Loudon IN Watts Bar Reservoir 1.58 4569 Kimberly Clark Corporation Loudon IN Watts Bar Reservoir 4.07 4568 2.3.2-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-3 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Surface Water Withdrawals in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Morgan, Rhea, and Roane Counties Average Annual User Name County Water Source Withdrawal 2010 Record #

Type (mgd)

Tennessee National, Llc Loudon IR Watts Bar Reservoir 0.46 8830 Lenoir City Utility Board Loudon PS Watts Bar Reservoir 1.72 6331 Plateau Utility District Morgan PS Crooked Fork Creek 1.13 6717 Dayton Water Dept Rhea PS Chickamauga Reservoir 2.94 6039 Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Rhea TH Chickamauga Reservoir 52.81 7223 Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Rhea TH Chickamauga Reservoir 155.10 7222 Spring City Water System Rhea PS Watts Bar Reservoir 0.48 6463 Rockwood Water System Roane PS Watts Bar Reservoir 2.48 6612 Lakeside Golf Course Roane IR Watts Bar Reservoir 0.00 4614 Kingston Water System Roane PS Watts Bar Reservoir 0.77 6295 Kingston Fossil Plant Roane TH Watts Bar Reservoir 728.08 5835 Harriman Utility Board Roane PS Watts Bar Reservoir 2.01 6217 Cumberland Utility District Roane PS Watts Bar Reservoir 1.39 6540 Oak Ridge Country Club Roane IR East Fork Poplar Creek 0.03 8955 Oak Ridge Bear Creek Plant Roane IN Watts Bar Reservoir 0.30 9723 Notes:

Intake is in Anderson County IN = Industrial IR = Irrigation PS = Public Supply TH = Thermoelectric MI = Mining Source: (Reference 2.3.2-1) 2.3.2-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-4 Groundwater Withdrawals from Five Counties Surrounding the CRN by Use Category Total Groundwater Industrial Public Supply Irrigation Withdrawal County Year (mgd) (mgd) (mgd) (mgd) 2010 NR 0.22 0 0.22 Anderson 2005 0.12 0.28 0.12 0.52 2000 NR 0.96 0.01 0.97 2010 1.13 NR 0.02 1.16 Knox 2005 0.67 0.67 0.04 1.38 2000 0.13 0.93 0.1 1.16 2010 0.01 0.8 NR 0.81 Loudon 2005 0.02 0.35 NR 0.37 2000 NR 1.2 NR 1.2 2010 NR NR NR NR Morgan 2005 NR NR NR NR 2000 NR NR NR NR 2010 NR 1.28 0 1.28 Roane 2005 NR 1.03 0.01 1.03 2000 NR 0.2 NR 0.2 2010 1.14 2.3 0.02 3.5 Total 2005 0.79 2.33 0.18 3.3 2000 0.13 3.29 0.11 3.5 Notes:

1. Data for each county for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 come from (Reference 2.3.2-9; Reference 2.3.2-10; Reference 2.3.2-11), respectively; total values (shaded) are computed.
2. NR (None Recorded) indicates that no value was recorded. NR is treated as zero for the purposes of summation, as was done in the source documents listed above.
3. Figures for individual categories may not add up to totals because of independent rounding.

2.3.2-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-5 Summary of Nearby Water Systems Using Groundwater for Supply Water System County System Category Norris Water Commission Anderson Community Sequoyah Marina, LLC Anderson Transient non-community Modine Manufacturing Company Anderson NA Oak Ridge Country Club Anderson NA Johnson University Knox Community CEMEX Construction Materials Knox Non-transient non-community Atlantic NYRSTAR TN Mines - Strawberry Knox Non-transient non-community Plains, LLC Fort Loudoun Yacht Club Knox Transient non-community Cornell Dubilier Foil, LLC Knox NA Panasonic Knox NA Rinker Materials South Central Knox NA Tamko Building Products, Inc. Knox NA Vinylex Corporation Know NA Creekside Mobile Home S/D Loudon Community Sweetwater Valley KOA Loudon Transient non-community Cross Eyed Cricket Campground Roane Transient non-community Notes:

NA = Not available 2.3.2-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-6 Nearby Public Water Systems Using Groundwater for Supply Community Water System County Population Groundwater Source Norris Water Commission1 Anderson 1801 Spring North Anderson County Utility District Anderson 10653 Spring First Utility District Of Knox County Knox 64230 Spring Hallsdale Powell Utility District Knox 57732 Springs Creekside Mobile Home Subdivision1 Loudon 51 Wells Lenoir City Utility Board Loudon 16686 Spring Loudon Utilities Board Loudon 10297 Springs Helton Estates Mobile Home Park1 Roane 82 Well Kingston Water System Roane 8384 Spring Lewands Water System1 Roane 61 Wells Oliver Springs Water Board Roane 5323 Spring 1 The system uses exclusively groundwater for its supply (i.e., no other source is listed) (Reference 2.3.2-13)

Note: The listed county reflects the location of the water system users, which is not necessarily the county from which all of the systems water is sourced due to intersystem transfers.

Source: (Reference 2.3.2-13) 2.3.2-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-7 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Characteristics of Individual Wells Located Within a 1.5-mile Radius of the CRN Site Estimated Total Casing Well Finish Well Use Yield Depth Depth Geologic Unit Number Type (gpm) (feet) (feet) 14500062 Residential 10 100 25 Nolichucky Shale NR 14500100 Residential 10 92 45 Copper Ridge Dolomite NR 14500274 Residential 10 195 75 Maynardville Limestone NR 14501409 Residential 5 160 42 Nolichucky Shale NR 14501415 Commercial 2 400 25 Nolichucky Shale NR Dismal Group Formation Open 14501867 Residential NR 180 21 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14501990 Residential 20 145 28 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502043 Residential 7 85 31 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502044 Residential 7 85 31 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502059 Residential 15 102 34 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502075 Residential 5 390 20 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502085 Farm 2 340 41 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502157 Commercial 2 500 62 (Maryville Limestone) Hole Open 14502179 Residential 20 275 105 Witten Formation Hole Dismal Group Formation Open 14502230 Residential 7 275 89 (Maryville Limestone) Hole 14509007 Residential NR NR NR Rockdell Formation NR 14509008 Residential NR 42 42 Maynardville Limestone NR Open 20005513 Residential 3 526 126 Chepultepec Dolomite Hole 20021254 Residential 9 300 62 Nolichucky Shale NR Open 20022808 Residential 3 575 104 Chepultepec Dolomite Hole Open 20053044 Residential 30 240 126 Maynardville Limestone Hole Open 20061323 Residential 30 160 105 Copper Ridge Dolomite Hole Open 20064090 Residential 1 320 105 Fleanor Shale Hole Open 20074093 Residential 4 900 42 Pumpkin Valley Shale Hole Open 20082006 Residential 0.5 610 126 Moccasin Formation Hole Open 20083553 Residential 7 200 63 Moccasin Formation Hole Open 20091942 Residential 50 220 190 Kingsport Formation.

Hole 2.3.2-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.2-7 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Characteristics of Individual Wells Located Within a 1.5-mile Radius of the CRN Site Estimated Total Casing Well Finish Well Use Yield Depth Depth Geologic Unit Number Type (gpm) (feet) (feet)

Open 90001001 Residential 2 470 38 Nolichucky Shale Hole Open 90002790 Residential 7 373 41 Nolichucky Shale Hole Open 91002142 Residential 75 547 41 Nolichucky Shale Hole Open 92003314 Residential 4 360 41 Copper Ridge Dolomite Hole Open 92003730 Residential 3 503 104 Copper Ridge Dolomite Hole Open 93000627 Residential 1 300 62 Nolichucky Shale Hole Open 93003943 Residential 30 118 36 Copper Ridge Dolomite Hole Open 96000454 Residential 3 465 126 Copper Ridge Dolomite Hole Open 96002158 Commercial 3 305 75 Witten Formation Hole Note: NR denotes Not Reported and gpm is gallons per minute; the geologic units in which wells are completed was inferred from regional geological mapping; total depth and casing depth are measured from grade 2.3.2-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Exempted from Disclosure by Statute - Withheld Under 10 CFR 2.390(a)(3)

(See Part 7 of this Early Site Permit Application)

Figure 2.3.2-1. Surface Water Intakes Near the CRN Site in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, Meigs, Morgan, Rhea, and Roane Counties 2.3.2-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Note: Adapted from (Reference 2.3.2-11). Green shading shows the five counties included in the groundwater use study area.

Figure 2.3.2-2. Groundwater Use Study Areas 2.3.2-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Note: Data for the years 2000, 2005 and 2010 from (Reference 2.3.2-9; Reference 2.3.2-10; Reference 2.3.2-11), respectively.

Figure 2.3.2-3. Groundwater Use by Category in the Groundwater Study Area for 2000, 2005, and 2010 2.3.2-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Exempted from Disclosure by Statute - Withheld Under 10 CFR 2.390(a)(3)

(See Part 7 of this Early Site Permit Application)

Figure 2.3.2-4. Groundwater Intakes Near the CRN Site in Anderson, Knox, Loudon, and Roane Counties 2.3.2-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Note: (F) indicates farm well, (C) indicates commercial well.

Figure 2.3.2-5. Individual Well Locations Within a 1.5-mile Radius of the CRN Site 2.3.2-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3.3 Water Quality 2.3.3.1 Surface Water The proposed small modular reactors (SMRs) withdraw cooling water from the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir through an intake structure located near Clinch River Mile (CRM) 17.9. Heated water from the plant is to be returned to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir by a discharge structure located near CRM 15.5.

2.3.3.1.1 Upper Tennessee River Basin The water quality data in the Upper Tennessee River Basin from 1994 to 1998 was summarized by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2000. The report evaluated concentrations and distribution of bacteria, nutrients, pesticides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in surface water and sediment, the influence of industry and mining on water quality, and the effects of toxic spills and releases. The study was performed as part of the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which, as of 2000, had evaluated 36 study areas throughout the United States. The report compared water quality data from the Upper Tennessee River to data from the other study areas, as well as to national water quality benchmarks, such as those for drinking water quality and protection of aquatic organisms.

In general, the report concluded that surface water in the Upper Tennessee River Basin usually meets existing guidelines for drinking water, recreation, and the protection of aquatic life.

Specific findings included:

  • Bacteria levels frequently exceeded state standards in agricultural and urban areas. In agricultural areas, this was attributed to runoff from pasture land. In urban areas, this was attributed to wastewater infrastructure.
  • Nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, were found at elevated levels in some streams.
  • Herbicides were detected in 98 percent of the stream samples collected, and insecticides were detected in 12 percent of samples. Concentrations were within drinking water standards, but exceeded aquatic life guidelines for some chemicals.
  • Contamination from past industrial and mining activities was still present in many areas.

Contamination had resulted in fish consumption advisories for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin, and mercury. Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were found in sediment at concentrations that exceeded aquatic life guidelines, and were attributed to coal mining.

  • Spills and releases had resulted in fish and mussel kills in many parts of the basin (Reference 2.3.3-1) 2.3.3-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Specific findings were discussed for the Lower Clinch River Watershed, Watts Bar Reservoir, and Melton Hill Reservoir. Mercury was found to be a major contaminant in the drainages downstream from the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), including Whiteoak Creek watershed, and the lower Clinch River - Watts Bar Reservoir. Mercury, polychlorinated compounds (PCBs), and cesium-137 are known to have migrated to areas downstream of ORR. The State of Tennessee has posted a fish-consumption advisory for ORR drainages as well as Watts Bar Reservoir as a result of bioaccumulation of mercury and PCBs in some fish species. A fish-consumption advisory was also in place for Melton Hill reservoir due to the presence of PCBs and chlordane.

(Reference 2.3.3-1) 2.3.3.1.2 State Monitoring and 303(d) List The TDEC conducts monitoring of more than 7000 stations throughout the state, with 600 stations scheduled for sampling in fiscal year 2014-2015 (Reference 2.3.3-2). Water quality monitoring includes biological, chemical, and bacteriological analyses in wetlands, rivers, streams, reservoirs, and lakes.

There are 12 monitoring stations located on the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, including four monitoring stations between Melton Hill Dam and the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN)

Site, and eight stations between the CRN Site and the confluence of the Clinch River arm with the Tennessee River arm of the reservoir. The closest station is located directly adjacent to the CRN Site, on the eastern side of the peninsula near CRM 18. Another station is located directly adjacent to the Barge/Traffic Area. (Reference 2.3.3-3)

Section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act requires that states develop a list of surface water bodies that are water quality limited or are expected to exceed water quality standards in the next two years. Streams that are water quality limited have one or more characteristics that violate water quality standards. These streams are considered to be impaired by pollution, and cannot fully meet their designated uses. (Reference 2.3.3-4)

In 2014, TDEC issued its 303(d) list for the year 2012. Table 2.3.3-1 lists the water bodies near the CRN Site which are listed as impaired.

2.3.3.1.3 River and Reservoir Compliance Monitoring Program TVA initiated a reservoir monitoring program, formerly called the Vital Signs Monitoring Program, in 1990 to provide information on the ecological health or integrity of major reservoirs in the Valley. Through the current Reservoir Ecological Health Program, TVA monitors ecological conditions at 69 sites on 31 reservoirs. Each site is sampled every other year unless a substantial change in the ecological health score occurs during a 2-year (yr) cycle. If that occurs, the site is sampled the next year to confirm that the change was not temporary. Roughly half the sites are sampled each year on an alternating basis. The program includes five ecological indicators (chlorophyll-a, dissolved oxygen (DO), sediment quality, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish assemblage), which are monitored at up to four locations in each 2.3.3-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report reservoir. To complete the ecological health scoring process, the 20 to 100 percent scoring range is divided into categories representing good, fair, and poor ecological health conditions relative to what is expected given the hydrogeomorphology of the reservoir. (Reference 2.3.3-5) 2.3.3.1.3.1 Melton Hill Reservoir TVA monitors three locations on Melton Hill Reservoir: the deep, still water near the dam, called the forebay; the middle part of the reservoir; and the riverine area at the upper end of the reservoir, called the inflow. Monitoring is usually done on a two year cycle. The overall ecological condition of Melton Hill rated fair in 2012. Melton Hill received a good rating in 2006 and 2010 but rated fair in all other years monitored. The higher ecological health scores were primarily due to two indicators (chlorophyll and bottom life) rating near the upper end of their historic ranges. (Reference 2.3.3-6)

The following paragraphs summarize the result for the Melton Hill Reservoir Monitoring Program for 2012.

Dissolved Oxygen In 2012, DO rated poor at the forebay and good at the mid-reservoir location. A large portion of the lower water column at the forebay had low DO concentrations in June, resulting in a poor rating. DO has rated good at the mid-reservoir location all years monitored and typically has rated good in the forebay unless there was an extended period with low flow. Low flow conditions can allow water to sit long enough that oxygen in the lower water column becomes depleted as it is used in the natural process of decomposition. This was the case in 2012 and in 2000, 2001, and 2008 when DO rated fair at the forebay location. (Reference 2.3.3-6)

Chlorophyll In 2012, chlorophyll rated fair at the forebay and good at the mid-reservoir monitoring location.

Annual average chlorophyll concentrations have fluctuated through time at the mid-reservoir, with no specific trend of increasing or decreasing. Chlorophyll concentrations have shown an overall trend of increasing at the forebay since monitoring began in 1991. Chlorophyll rated good at the forebay during the 1991 to 1996 time period. Since 1998, chlorophyll ratings have fluctuated between fair and poor at this location. Reservoir flows have played a part in the year-to-year fluctuations as low-flow conditions tend to allow more time for algal populations to become established. (Reference 2.3.3-6)

Fish In 2012, the fish community rated good at the forebay, fair at the mid-reservoir, and poor at the inflow. Consistent with previous years, the fish assemblage at each monitoring location was characterized by lower numbers of fish and higher proportions of tolerant individuals than expected. As in most years, improved diversity at the mid-reservoir and forebay, respectively, resulted in higher ratings at these locations. (Reference 2.3.3-6) 2.3.3-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Bottom life In 2012, bottom life rated fair at the forebay and mid-reservoir locations and poor at the inflow.

Over the period of the monitoring program from 1994 to 2012, scores for bottom life have fluctuated within the low fair to poor range at the forebay and within the poor range at the inflow location. Scores have improved, however, at the mid-reservoir location since 1994 with scores shifting from the low end of the fair range to the middle of the fair range and even rating good in 2006. The improved ratings were primarily due to an increase in the number of organisms less tolerant of poor conditions. (Reference 2.3.3-6)

Sediment In 2012, sediment quality rated fair at the forebay because samples contained slightly more arsenic than would be expected to occur naturally. The mid-reservoir location rated good because no PCBs or pesticides were detected, and no metals had elevated concentrations.

Arsenic, chlordane, copper, and PCBs have exceeded suggested limits in some previous years.

(Reference 2.3.3-6) 2.3.3.1.3.2 Fort Loudoun Reservoir TVA monitors three locations on Fort Loudoun Reservoir: the forebay; the middle part of the reservoir; and the inflow. Fort Loudoun Reservoir was monitored annually from 1994 through 2007. In 2008, TVA began monitoring Fort Loudoun every other year. The ecological health condition of Fort Loudoun Reservoir rated fair in 2011. Conditions were similar to most previous years. Low ratings for three indicators (chlorophyll, bottom life, and sediment quality) typically reduce the reservoirs overall health score. In addition, DO has rated poor in some years.

(Reference 2.3.3-7)

The following paragraphs summarize the result for the Fort Loudoun Reservoir Monitoring Program for 2011.

Dissolved Oxygen In 2011, DO rated fair at the forebay and good at the mid-reservoir monitoring location. This indicator usually rates good at the mid-reservoir location, but ratings have varied between good, fair, and poor at the forebay, generally in response to reservoir flow conditions. TVA has installed aeration equipment to add oxygen to the deep water above Fort Loudoun Dam and to improve conditions immediately downstream. (Reference 2.3.3-7)

Chlorophyll In 2011, average summer chlorophyll concentrations were high at both monitoring locations, resulting in poor ratings. High chlorophyll concentrations are a consistent issue on Fort Loudoun, rating poor at both sites in most previous years. (Reference 2.3.3-7) 2.3.3-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Fish In 2011, the fish assemblage rated high fair at all three monitoring locations. The variety of fish collected at each location was good, but catch rates were slightly lower than desired and composition was dominated by a few species such as gizzard shad, bluegill, and/or largemouth bass. The fish community typically scores good or at the upper end of the fair range at the forebay and mid-reservoir, while scores at the inflow have generally fluctuated within the fair range. (Reference 2.3.3-7)

Bottom life In 2011, similar to previous years, bottom life rated poor at the forebay and inflow monitoring locations and fair at the mid-reservoir location. Relatively few organisms are usually collected from the forebay and inflow locations, and those collected are primarily species capable of tolerating poor conditions. Bottom life at the mid-reservoir location typically rates fair due to greater diversity, which includes a better representation of intolerant species such as mayflies.

(Reference 2.3.3-7)

Sediment In 2011, sediment quality rated fair at both the forebay and mid-reservoir monitoring locations because PCBs were detected. Sediment quality typically rates fair at both locations due to chlordane, PCBs, and/or zinc exceeding suggested limits. (Reference 2.3.3-7) 2.3.3.1.3.3 Watts Bar Reservoir TVA monitors four locations on Watts Bar Reservoir: the forebay; the middle part of the reservoir; and the Tennessee and Clinch River inflow locations. Samples are usually collected on a two-year cycle. The overall ecological health condition for Watts Bar Reservoir rated fair in 2012. Ecological health scores for Watts Bar have fluctuated between a high fair and poor and have generally followed reservoir flow conditions. Flow conditions in 2012 were low during most of the summer months in response to the generally dry weather pattern. The indicator most responsive to flow is DO, which rated poor at the forebay in 2012. In addition, common problems are elevated chlorophyll concentrations, poor bottom life, and the presence of metals and/or organic contaminants in the sediments. (Reference 2.3.3-5)

The following paragraphs summarize the result for the Watts Bar Reservoir Monitoring Program for 2012.

Dissolved Oxygen DO rated poor at the forebay and good at the mid-reservoir location. DO has rated good at the mid-reservoir location all years monitored except 2008 and 2010, when it rated fair and poor, respectively. Low DO levels (<2 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) have occurred in the lower water column at the mid-reservoir in several years, including 2012. However, the area affected was 2.3.3-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report larger in 2010 than in other years, resulting in the only poor rating for this indicator at this location. Ratings have varied between good, fair, and poor at the forebay, primarily due to differences in reservoir flows. Poorer DO conditions typically occur as a result of reduced flows through the reservoir during dry conditions. TVA has installed aeration equipment to add oxygen to the deep water above Watts Bar Dam and to improve conditions immediately downstream.

(Reference 2.3.3-5)

Chlorophyll Chlorophyll rated poor at both locations monitored because of elevated concentrations. Annual average chlorophyll concentrations have fluctuated through time at the forebay, with no specific trend of increasing or decreasing. Chlorophyll concentrations have shown an overall trend of increasing at the mid-reservoir location since monitoring began in 1990. (Reference 2.3.3-5)

Fish The fish assemblage rated good at the Tennessee inflow location and at the upper end of the fair range at other monitoring locations. At all locations, the percent composition of tolerant individuals was higher than expected and catch rates were lower than expected. Better fish diversity at the Tennessee inflow location contributed to the higher (good) rating. (Reference 2.3.3-5)

Bottom life Bottom life rated good at the mid-reservoir, fair at the forebay and Clinch inflow locations, and poor at the Tennessee inflow location. Scores for bottom life in 2012 were similar to those of previous years at each monitoring location except the Clinch inflow location. Bottom life rated poor at the Clinch inflow location until 2004 when it received its first fair rating. Since 2004, bottom life at Clinch inflow location has scored within the fair to low-good range. Improvements in ratings at the Clinch inflow location are attributable to increases in the density and diversity of organisms in the samples collected from the reservoir bottom. (Reference 2.3.3-5)

Sediment Sediment quality rated fair at the forebay and mid-reservoir locations because concentrations of arsenic exceeded suggested background levels. Sediment quality commonly rates fair at both locations due to one or more contaminants: PCBs, chlordane, and/or arsenic. Additionally, the concentration of copper was elevated in the sample collected at the mid-reservoir location in 2009, and lindane was detected in the sample collected at the forebay in 2006. (Reference 2.3.3-5) 2.3.3.1.4 Preapplication Monitoring Program To support the evaluation of the suitability of the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area, TVA monitored the surface water on and in the immediate vicinity. This program consisted of 2.3.3-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report characterization of surface water in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, as well as characterization of stormwater runoff on both the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area. The resulting data provides information to determine existing conditions for surface water. The parameters measured or analyzed include temperature, total metals, nutrients, acids/base/neutral compounds, PCBs, gross alpha, gross beta, radium 228, radium 226, oil and grease (O&G), pH, cyanide, phenols, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), color, bromide, surfactants, total organic carbon (TOC), sulfide, sulfate, ammonia-N, fluoride, TOC, and hardness. Pesticide monitoring was included in the July 2013 sampling. (Reference 2.3.3-8) The locations of the samples are provided in Figure 2.3.3-1, and the results are provided in Tables 2.3.3-2 and 2.3.3-3. Tables 2.3.3-2 and 2.3.3-3 provide the maximum concentrations for quarterly stormwater and surface water samples, respectively, collected in July 2013; March, May, and November 2014; and February, April, and June, 2015. All sample results for the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir upstream and downstream of the CRN Site indicate that TDECs most stringent numeric criteria are being met and that site runoff (should it occur) would not have a significant impact to water quality (Reference 2.3.3-8).

2.3.3.1.5 Biological Monitoring Program As part of the biological monitoring to characterize the aquatic community near the CRN Site, TVA collected and analyzed surface water and sediment samples at selected locations on the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir between CRM 15.5 and 22.0. The locations of the samples are shown in Figure 2.3.3-1.

The biological monitoring program data were collected to characterize baseline conditions of the aquatic habitats and communities in the reservoir immediately upstream and downstream of the CRN Site. This program focused on ecological health, but included collection of surface water quality and sediment chemistry data, as indicators of ecological health. Surface water samples were collected at four mid-channel locations, including three upstream locations at CRM 18.5, 19.7, and 22.0, and one downstream location at CRM 15.5. The surface water samples were collected monthly from March to December 2011. The samples from each month (a total of 10 months) were analyzed for nutrients (Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate), TOC, alkalinity, hardness, water clarity (turbidity and TSS), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The samples from every second month (April, June, August, October, and December) were analyzed for total and dissolved metals. In June, 2011, sediment samples were collected at three of the locations, including CRM 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0. Sediment samples were also collected from one location in Melton Hill Reservoir in June, 2011, and from two locations in the Tennessee River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir in June, 2010, and June, 2011. The sediment samples were analyzed for metals and organochloride pesticides and PCBs. (Reference 2.3.3-9)

The results from the biological monitoring program samples collected between March 2011 and December 2011 are provided in Tables 2.3.3-4 through 2.3.3-8, and are discussed in the following paragraphs (Reference 2.3.3-8).

2.3.3-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Nutrient concentrations typically were relatively high for nitrogen and moderate to low for phosphorus. Phosphorus concentrations were often low enough to be a limiting factor to phytoplankton, while nitrogen appeared to be underutilized. Chlorophyll a concentrations were low (<1.0-5.0 micrograms per liter [g/L]). Concentrations were below detectable levels (1 g/L) in approximately 53 percent of the samples, and only three of the 68 samples had concentrations greater than 2 g/L. Secchi-disk transparency ranged from 1.5 to 6.2 meters (m).

The average transparency was greater than 3 m (3.1m to 3.6 m) at each CRN Site sampling location (CRMs 15.5, 18.5, 19.7, and 22.0) in 2011, which is higher than typically observed in mainstream Tennessee River reservoirs. Turbidity ranged from 0.6 to 12 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), with 68 percent of the values less than 4 NTUs. TSS ranged from 1 to 11 mg/L, with 85 percent of the values less than 4 mg/L. Phytoplankton populations were characterized by low abundance and appeared to be mainly the result of phytoplankton populations generated within Melton Hill Reservoir and transported downstream. Based on chlorophyll results, phytoplankton productivity in the sampled reach was very limited and phytoplankton populations were essentially in a senescent phase. Productivity was likely light-limited due to turbulence within the water column. Zooplankton assemblages were characterized by low abundance and diversity throughout the 10-month sampling period. As with phytoplankton, high turbulence and advection within the sampled reach likely limited zooplankton populations and affected their distribution. (Reference 2.3.3-8)

The typical pH was 7.5-7.9. All pH values were within the bounds of the State of Tennessee aquatic life criteria (6.5 to 9.0). The maximum water temperature was 79.6°F, well below the State of Tennessee criteria (86.9°F). Concentrations of metals in water were found to be below concentrations established by the State of Tennessee for protection of aquatic life. Ammonia concentrations were below the quantification limit (0.10 mg/L) in approximately 45 percent of the samples, while some samples had higher ammonia concentrations (0.16-0.19 mg/L) than generally expected. Ammonia concentrations typically are low (<0.15 mg/L) in aerated surface waters of TVA reservoirs; values greater than 0.15 mg/L are infrequent. PCBs and pesticides were not detected in the sediment samples collected near the CRN Site and metals concentrations were below EPA Region 4 ecological screening values for sediments.

(Reference 2.3.3-8)

As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.1.2.7, daily thermal gradients were documented to occur in the reservoir during summer due to surficial warming during the hottest time of the day.

However, the warmer surface water was then either flushed out by daily dam releases from Melton Hill Dam, or its heat dissipated with nighttime atmospheric cooling. However, appreciable vertical gradients in DO concentrations existed at some locations during the July survey. Likewise, the slight deviation (4.87 mg/l) below the state water quality criterion for DO at CRM 15.5 in June 2011 may have resulted from periodic increases in flow mixing oxygenated water in the upper strata with oxygen-deficient water in the lower strata. (Reference 2.3.3-8)

Hourly hydro water releases from Melton Hill Dam typically range from no discharge to the maximum turbine capacity of approximately 20,000 cfs. However, intervals of 12 to 22 hr with no releases are common. Average hourly releases from Melton Hill Dam for April through 2.3.3-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report September of 2011 and 2013 were above average, but there were no hourly releases from Melton Hill Dam for about 42 percent of the time. By comparison, the percentage of hours with no releases is often in the range 60 to 70 percent. Therefore, data collected in 2011 and 2013 are likely more representative of conditions that exist during normal to above average flow conditions. During low flow years, the potential exists for greater spatial difference in temperatures and for increases in the magnitude and duration of stratification and resultant oxygen deficiencies. (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3.2 Groundwater This subsection describes the quality characteristics of groundwater aquifers that could affect plant water use and effluent discharge or be impacted by construction and operation of the SMRs to be built at the CRN Site.

The CRN plant design does not require groundwater as a source for cooling water, potable water, or other plant needs. Circulating cooling water is sourced from the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir, while potable and other water comes from the Oak Ridge Department of Public Works. Temporary dewatering is required to maintain a dry excavation for the construction of the required foundations for the CRN plant structures.

2.3.3.2.1 Hydrogeochemical Characteristics 2.3.3.2.1.1 Regional Hydrogeochemical Characteristics As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.1.2, the principal aquifers in the Valley and Ridge Province consist of carbonate rocks that are generally in communication with surface water features such as rivers or lakes. Other types of rocks in the province can yield water to wells where they are fractured or contain solution openings or are directly hydraulically connected to sources of recharge. Groundwater can also be present in the alluvium along streams and the residuum of weathered material that overlies most of the rocks in the area.

The chemical quality of water in the freshwater parts of the Valley and Ridge aquifers is similar for shallow wells and springs. The water is hard, a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type, and typically has a dissolved-solids concentration of 170 parts per million (ppm) or less. The ranges of concentrations are thought to be indicators of the depth and rate at which groundwater flows through the carbonate-rock aquifers. In general, the smaller values for a constituent represent water that is moving rapidly along shallow, short flow paths from recharge areas to points of discharge. This water has been in the aquifers for a short time and has accordingly dissolved only small quantities of aquifer material. Conversely, the larger values represent water that is moving more slowly along deep, long flow paths. Such water has been in contact with aquifer minerals for a longer time and thus has had greater opportunity to dissolve the minerals. Also, water that moves into deeper parts of the aquifers can mix with saltwater (brine) that might be present at depth (Reference 2.3.3-10).

2.3.3-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The chemical characteristics of the groundwater in the ORR aquitards range from a mixed-cation-bicarbonate water type at shallow depths to a sodium-bicarbonate water type at deeper depths, to sodium-calcium-chloride water type as evidenced from very deep wells.

These chloride-rich waters appear to be a zone of dilution on top of deeper saline sodium-calcium-chloride brines, similar to those encountered within the Conasauga Group at depths greater than 1000 ft in Melton Valley (Reference 2.3.3-11). The Knox aquifer is characterized by a calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate water type. The hydrogeologic conditions at the CRN Site are similar to those observed at the ORR with the exception of land disturbance areas resulting from earlier site work performed for the CRBRP where excavations and fill material are present.

2.3.3.2.1.2 Local Hydrogeochemical Characteristics The hydrogeochemical characteristics of the groundwater are summarized on Figure 2.3.1-23.

The shallow groundwater is characterized by mixed cation-bicarbonate type water, intermediate depth sodium-bicarbonate water, and deep sodium-chloride type water (Reference 2.3.3-12).

The transition to sodium-chloride type water occurs below approximately 300 ft and thus is not intercepted by onsite monitoring wells. A study of groundwater circulation in the deep system was conducted on the ORR, which included one well adjacent to the site (GW-214) (Reference 2.3.3-13). This well appears to be at the top of the saline zone (sodium-chloride type water) at a depth of 393 ft with a total dissolved solids measurement of 1693 ppm. The results of this study indicated that some active exchange of water from the shallower groundwater is occurring. This exchange was characterized as highly variable as a result of the paucity of vertically interconnecting fractures. A more recent study performed as part of the Melton Valley exit pathway monitoring program indicated a similar depth to saline groundwater (385 ft for monitoring well OMW1c) (Reference 2.3.3-14).

2.3.3.2.1.3 Site Hydrogeochemical Characteristics Site-specific groundwater chemistry data were collected from selected onsite observation wells (Reference 2.3.3-15). Table 2.3.3-9 summarizes the field parameter measurements for the selected wells. Table 2.3.3-10 summarizes the analytical results. Regional groundwater chemistry information was obtained from the USGS National Water-Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA) website for groundwater analyses from Roane, Anderson, and Knox counties to compare with the site-specific data. The results of these analyses are presented on a Piper trilinear diagram shown on Figure 2.3.3-2 (Reference 2.3.3-16). The site groundwater ranges mostly from calcium-bicarbonate to magnesium-bicarbonate type. The water is generally near neutral pH with a total dissolved solids concentration of less than 500 ppm. Examination of the figure indicates that, in general, the site groundwater chemistry is similar to the regional information from NAWQA. A notable exception is OW-202L, which is based on water chemistry, appears to be associated with the intermediate depth groundwater zone as defined on the ORR with a sodium-bicarbonate water type, alkaline pH, and higher total dissolved solids concentration. OW-202L was purged dry during sampling and had the highest field turbidity and pH measurement of the wells sampled (Table 2.3.3-9).

2.3.3-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.3.3.2.2 Groundwater Quality 2.3.3.2.2.1 Local Groundwater Quality The CRN Site is located adjacent to the ORR which includes three DOE facilities: the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Y-12 National Security Complex (Y-12), and the East Tennessee Technology Park (ETTP). The ORNL is composed of subareas including Melton Valley, Bethel Valley, and White Oak Creek. The Y-12 facility includes Bear Creek Valley, Upper East Fork Poplar Creek, and Chestnut Ridge. These facilities were constructed as part of the Manhattan Project during World War II and were involved with nuclear weapons production and research. A variety of chemicals and radionuclides are present at the sites. The primary classes of contaminants present include VOCs and radionuclides (primarily uranium, tritium, and strontium-90). Figure 2.3.3-3 presents a map showing the major groundwater plumes associated with the facilities (Reference 2.3.3-17). Examination of the map with respect to the location of the CRN Site indicates that none of the major groundwater plumes are impacting the site area.

2.3.3.2.2.2 Site Groundwater Quality To support the evaluation of the suitability of the proposed SMR site, the CRN Site field investigation includes monitoring groundwater at the CRN Site. As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.2.1.4.2 and shown in Figure 2.3.1-18, observation wells were installed across the CRN Site to characterize the groundwater. Analytical results of quarterly sampling provide information on baseline groundwater conditions for the site.

Legacy Contaminants Current groundwater conditions at the CRN Site are influenced through proximity to ORR. As mentioned in Subsection 2.3.3.2.2.1, legacy contaminants from historic ORR operations include VOCs and radionuclides associated with the facilities. Contaminant plumes on ORR include volatile organic compounds along with cesium-137, strontium-90, and tritium at ORNL.

Contaminant plumes at Y-12 include uranium, nitrate, and mercury. Plumes at ETTP also include chromium-6 and technetium-99. (Reference 2.3.3-18) In addition, the regularly maintained, fenced White Oak Dam complex continues to settle legacy ORNL contaminants into the sediment of its 25-ac lake and, potentially, groundwater in the region. Groundwater monitoring, assessment, and corrective action are ongoing at the ORR sites.

Legacy groundwater contaminant plumes also include the former American Nuclear Corporation, located 15 mi southwest of the CRN Site on Braden Branch Creek near CRM 50.5.

From 1962 until 1970, American Nuclear Corporation produced radioactive sources and detectors. In 1970, contamination entering the Clinch River was traced to the American Nuclear Corporation, the operational license was revoked, and the plant closed. The plant was cleaned and fenced to allow the radioactive materials to decay in place. Contaminants include cobalt-60 and cesium-137. (Reference 2.3.3-19) 2.3.3-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Monitoring Network Baseline Observation wells were sampled on a quarterly basis by TVA from December 2013 through November 2014 to help characterize seasonal variations throughout the annual cycle to baseline current groundwater conditions (Reference 2.3.3-18). Sampling events were performed in December 2013 to January 2014, in April 2014, in August 2014, and in November 2014 to characterize groundwater conditions in winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively.

Groundwater samples were collected using a submersible bladder pump. Each well was evacuated until field parameters stabilized; field parameters included sample depth, temperature, pH, oxidation-reduction potential, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity. Once stabilized, analytical samples were collected. Sample analysis included volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, pesticides, PCBs, total petroleum hydrocarbons, metals, cyanide, radionuclides, and polycyclic aromatic compounds. (Reference 2.3.3-18)

The baseline range of field parameters for groundwater is summarized in Table 2.3.3-11. A more detailed summary, detailing data by sample depth and season is shown in Table 2.3.3-12.

Unlike most of the other field parameters, the minimum and maximum groundwater sample temperatures overlap during the annual cycle as shown in Table 2.3.3-13. Minimum temperatures range from 8.36 to 20.74 degrees Celsius (°C; 47.05 to 69.33 degrees Fahrenheit

[°F]) and maximum temperatures range from 13.7 to 24.44°C (56.66 to 75.99°F). The effect of well depth on the seasonal variance in temperatures is not apparent due to the wide range in depths for each well designation (i.e., upper, lower, and deep). Wells designated as upper had depths ranging from 8.76 to 31.5 m, while lower wells ranged from 35.97 to 50.3 m and deep wells ranged from 57.3 to 80 m; thus making the depth ranges rather continuous and less discrete.

As presented in TVAs Groundwater Quality Monitoring Report, analytical results of the 2013/2014 baseline sampling summarized in Table 2.3.3-14, were examined for legacy contaminants and for detections exceeding drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCLs).

A detailed summary of sampling results is presented in Appendix 2.3.3-2-A. Only two detected analytes exceeded their MCL. Five fluoride results exceeded the MCL of 4 µg/L; ranging from 6.9 to 14.2 µg/L with the smallest exceedance from the OW422D well and the other four from the OW415L well. Lead had three detections, 5.5, 10.6, and 120 µg/L, with the maximum detection from the fall sampling of OW419U exceeding leads action level of 15 µg/L.

(Reference 2.3.3-18)

A summary of legacy contaminant detections is presented in Table 2.3.3-15. Of the regional legacy contaminants, none of the wells had detections of mercury or uranium. Similarly, none of the wells had detections of trichloroethylene or 1,1-dichloroethane. Detected legacy volatile organic compounds were limited to a solitary detection of tetrachloroethylene, along with twenty-two low level chloroform detections. Additionally, some wells exhibited nitrate detections; all low level. Detected legacy metals include a solitary arsenic detection, along with two 2.3.3-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report detections of cadmium. Barium was detected at low levels in several wells and chromium had five detections. The legacy radionuclides tritium, strontium 90, and technetium 99 were detected a few times.

Table 2.3.3-16 presents a summary of detected analytes.

Well Cluster 422 During the CRN Site subsurface investigation, a three-well cluster was installed east of the OW-101 well cluster, at boring location MP-422 (OW-422 U, L, and D). Following drilling, wells were scheduled to be completed by casing, screening, filtering, sealing, and packing to produce a viable groundwater monitoring well. During well completion, groundwater contamination was observed in OW-422L. TDEC was notified and was provided with the results of well sampling.

The contamination was determined to be non-radiological, petroleum products (gasoline range organics). Due to the contamination in OW-422L, this well cluster (OW-422 U, L, and D) was not developed; however, the well cluster remains in place, locked and under TVA control. TVA has no plans to perform any additional work in the location, and TDEC will make a determination regarding the disposition of the well cluster. Because the wells were not developed and monitoring of water levels in these wells was not performed, the OW-422 well series is not included in the discussion of site observation wells. Well clusters OW-428 and OW-429 (installed north and south of the OW-422 cluster) were installed to provide replacement geological/groundwater data. (Reference 2.3.3-18)

Some permanent observation well clusters (OW-428 and OW429), located in the area around OW-422, were sampled after well development and no evidence of petroleum products (gasoline range organics) was observed in January 2014. The contamination seems to be restricted to the immediate area around well OW-422. No evidence of petroleum products (gasoline range organics) was observed before or after the 72-hour (hr) pumping test conducted near the OW-428 U,L, and D well cluster (up dip [higher in the geologic unit] of OW-422L).

Water quality sampling in discharge water from the 72-hr pumping test also showed no detection of volatile organic compounds. Finally, gross alpha and beta radionuclides were below minimum detectable concentration levels in the discharge water from the pumping test.

Therefore, the contamination seems to be a localized issue around well OW-422.

2.3.3.3 References Reference 2.3.3-1. U. S. Geological Survey, "Water Quality in the Upper Tennessee River Basin, 1994-1998," Circular 1205, 2000.

Reference 2.3.3-2. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, "FY 14-15 Tennessee Division of Water Resources Surface Water Monitoring and Assessment Program Plan," December, 2014.

2.3.3-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.3-3. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, TDEC GIS Map, Interactive Water Pollution Control Layers, Monitoring Sites, Website: http://tnmap.tn.gov/wpc/,

2015.

Reference 2.3.3-4. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, "Year 2012 303(d) List," January, 2014.

Reference 2.3.3-5. Tennessee Valley Authority, Watts Bar Reservoir Ecological Health Website, Website: http://www.tva.com/environment/ecohealth/wattsbar.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.3-6. Tennessee Valley Authority, Melton Hill Reservoir Ecological Health Website, Website: http://www.tva.gov/environment/ecohealth/meltonhill.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.3-7. Tennessee Valley Authority, Fort Loudoun Reservoir Ecological Health Website, Website: http://www.tva.com/environment/ecohealth/fortloudoun.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.3.3-8. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Clinch River Surface Water Quality Report -

Revision 2," July 10, 2015.

Reference 2.3.3-9. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Biological Monitoring to Characterize the Aquatic Community near the Site of the Proposed Clinch River Small Modular Reactor 2011,"

Tennessee Valley Authority Biological and Water Resources, Chattanooga, Tennessee, January, 2013.

Reference 2.3.3-10. Lloyd, O. B. and Lyke, W. L., Ground Water Atlas of the United States:

Segment 10, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, Tennessee, USGS Hydrological Atlas 730-K, 1995.

Reference 2.3.3-11. Saunders, J. A. and Toran, L. E., "Evidence for Dedolomitization and Mixing in Paleozoic Carbonates Near Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Ground Water 32, No. 2: 207-214, 1994.

Reference 2.3.3-12. Solomon, D. K., Moore, G. K., Toran, L. E., Dreier, R. B., and McMaster, W. M., "A Hydrologic Framework for the Oak Ridge Reservation, Status Report," ORNL/TM-12026, U.S. Department of Energy under Contract number DE-AC05-840R21400 by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Services Division, May, 1992.

Reference 2.3.3-13. Nativ, R., Halleran, A., and Hunley, A., "Evidence for Ground-Water Circulation in the Brine-Filled Aquitard, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Ground Water 35, No. 4: 647-659, 1997.

Reference 2.3.3-14. Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, "Melton Valley Exit Pathway and Offsite Groundwater Monitoring Results: July 2012 - March 2011," U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-AC05-98OR22700, June, 2011.

2.3.3-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3.3-15. AMEC Environmental and Infrastructure, Inc., "Data Report, Geotechnical Exploration and Testing, Clinch River SMR Project," October 16, 2014.

Reference 2.3.3-16. U.S. Geological Survey, National Water-Quality Assessment Program, NAWQA Data Export, Website: http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/data, 2014.

Reference 2.3.3-17. Science Applications International Corporation, "Third Reservation-wide CERCLA Five-Year Review for the U.S. Department of Energy Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," DOE/OR/01-2516&D2, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under subcontract 23900-BA-KK665, July, 2012.

Reference 2.3.3-18. Fisher, Anna B., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Groundwater Quality Monitoring Report - Revision 3," May 9, 2017.

Reference 2.3.3-19. Oak Ridge Site Specific Advisory Board, Two Studies on Historic Preservation Offer Suggestions for K-25/Oak Ridge Reservation, Website:

http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/11/f5/April_11.pdf, April, 2011.

Reference 2.3.3-20. Hem, J., "Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water, Water-Supply Paper 2254," U.S. Geological Survey (Third Edition): 1-272, 1985.

2.3.3-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-1 Surface Water Bodies near CRN Site listed in 2012 303(d)

Water Body Acres Characteristics that Violate Water Quality Standards Watts Bar Reservoir 34,075 PCBs in sediment 14,066 PCBs in sediment Fort Loudoun Reservoir 534 Atmospheric deposition of mercury Tellico Reservoir 16,500 PCBs in sediment and atmospheric deposition of mercury Norris Reservoir 23,198 Atmospheric deposition of mercury Upper Clinch River 16.88 (river miles) Loss of native mussel species Poplar Creek Embayment of Watts 141 PCBs from an industrial point source, mercury in contaminated sediments Bar Reservoir Clinch River arm of Watts Bar PCBs from industrial point source, chlordane in contaminated sediment, and 2682 Reservoir atmospheric deposition of mercury Melton Hill Reservoir 5960 PCBs and chlordane in contaminated sediment Whiteoak Creek 5.3 (river miles) Cesium, strontium, and loss of biological integrity Emory River Arm of Watts Bar 283.36 Mercury, PCBs, and chlordane from an industrial point source, atmospheric Reservoir deposition, and contaminated sediments 454.98 Arsenic, coal ash, aluminum, mercury, PCBs, and chlordane from various sources (including the 2008 Kinston coal ash spill) 362.64 Mercury, PCBs, and chlordane from atmospheric deposition and contaminated sediments Source: (Reference 2.3.3-4) 2.3.3-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-2 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Surface Water Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013; March, May, November 2014; and February, April, and June, 2015)

Most Stringent CRS8 CRS9 CRS10 CRS12 Parameter TDEC Numeric Comments Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Criterion Temperature, °C (°F) 24.5 (76.1) 22.3 (72.1) 24.5 (76.1) 26.8 (80.2) 30.5 (86.9) pH (SU) 6.4-7.7 6.6 - 7.7 6.1-7.0 6.3-7.3 6.0 - 9.0 Oil and Grease (mg/L) < 5.3 < 5.3 < 5.0 < 5.0 NANA Cyanide (mg/L) < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.0052 T. Phenols (mg/L) 0.059 0.14 < 0.010 < 0.010 10 BOD (mg/L) < 5.0 < 5.0 < 2.0 8.85 NA TSS (mg/L) < 5.0 4.6 13.4 4.4 NA Color (PC Units) 5.0 20 50 5.0 NA Bromide (mg/L) < 1.0 < 1.0 0.10 0.10 NA Surfactants (mg/L) < 0.20 0.20 < 0.20 < 0.20 NA TOC (mg/L) 13.1 13.0 13.2 18.1 NA Sulfide (mg/L) < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 NA Ammonia-N (mg/L) 0.21 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 1.24 Calculated for pH 8 and 25°C Nitrate/Nitrite (mg/L) 1.5 1.1 0.47 0.49 10 T. Organic Nitrogen (mg/L) < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 NA Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 NA T. Phosphorus (mg/L) < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.050 < 0.050 NA COD (mg/L) < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 NA T. Fluoride (mg/L) < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 < 0.50 NA Sulfate (mg/L) 22.3 22.3 24.3 22.30 NA Metals (mg/L)

T. Aluminum 0.121 0.172 0.747 0.0873 NA T. Magnesium 11.4 11.0 11.1 11.2 NA T. Calcium 39.1 38.9 37.7 38.8 NA T. Iron 0.191 0.232 0.149 0.164 NA T. Copper < 0.0010 0.0010 0.0015 0.0011 0.009 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Zinc < 0.010 0.010 < 0.0050 0.005 0.120 Based on 100 mg/L TH 2.3.3-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-2 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Surface Water Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013; March, May, and November 2014; and February, April, and June, 2015)

Most Stringent CRS8 CRS9 CRS10 CRS12 Parameter TDEC Numeric Comments Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Criterion T. Barium 0.0375 0.0372 0.0366 0.0384 2.0 T. Boron < 0.20 < 0.20 0.05 0.050 NA T. Cobalt < 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 NA T. Manganese 0.0594 0.0436 0.895 0.060 NA T. Molybdenum 0.0010 < 0.0020 0.0010 0.0010 NA T. Tin < 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 NA T. Titanium < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 NA T. Antimony < 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.006 T. Arsenic < 0.0010 < 0.0010 < 0.0010 < 0.0010 0.010 T. Beryllium < 0.0010 0.0010 0.00010 0.00010 0.004 T. Cadmium < 0.00050 < 0.00050 0.00010 0.00010 0.00025 See note below T. Chromium 0.0014 0.0010 0.0012 0.0010 0.011 Criterion for Cr+6 T. Lead 0.0010 0.0010 0.0021 0.0010 0.003 T. Mercury LL Mercury (ng/L) 0.934 0.5420 5.08 5.33 50 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Nickel 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.052 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Selenium 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.005 T. Silver < 0.00050 < 0.00050 0.00010 0.00010 0.0032 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Thallium 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.00024 Criterion is below RL T. Hardness 143 143 140 143 NA Radioactivity Gross Alpha (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC NA Gross Beta (Ci/L) 2.85 +/- 1.05 <MDC 2.31 +/- 1.11 <MDC NA Total Alpha Radium (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC NA Radium 226 (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC 0.719 +/- 0.217 NA Radium 228 (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC NA Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-3 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Stormwater Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013, and March, May, and November 2014)

Most Stringent CRS1 CRS2 CRS3 CRS6 CRS11 Parameter TDEC Numeric Comments Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Criterion Temperature, °C (°F) 24.7 (76.5) 31.3 (88.3) 23.9 (75.0) 21.1 (70.0) 12.0 (53.6) 30.5 (86.9) WQC apply in-stream pH (SU) 6.8 - 7.3 6.7 - 8.1 6.7 - 7.6 6.8 - 7.3 6.7 6.0 - 9.0 Oil and Grease (mg/L) < 5.3 < 5.6 < 5.3 < 5.3 < 5.0 NA Cyanide (mg/L) < 0.0050 < 0.0050 < 0.0050 < 0.0050 < 0.0050 0.0052 T. Phenols (mg/L) 0.071 0.054 0.083 0.064 < 0.010 10 BOD (mg/L) <5 <5 <5 <5 < 2.0 NA TSS (mg/L) 26.2 69.8 114 77.1 5.7 NA Color (PC Units) 80 40 45 50 5.0 NA Bromide (mg/L) < 1.0 < 1.0 < 1.0 2.0 0.10 NA Surfactants (mg/L) 0.14 < 2.0 0.13 0.16 < 0.20 NA TOC (mg/L) 26.5 37.0 21.9 24.2 11.0 NA Sulfide (mg/L) < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 NA Ammonia-N (mg/L) 0.12 0.13 < 0.10 < 0.10 < 0.10 1.24 For pH 8 and 25°C Nitrate/Nitrite (mg/L) 0.48 0.95 0.24 0.25 0.027 10 T. Organic Nitrogen (mg/L) 1.1 < 0.50 0.62 0.65 < 0.50 NA Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (mg/L) 1.1 < 0.50 0.62 0.65 < 0.50 NA T. Phosphorus (mg/L) 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.13 < 0.050 NA COD (mg/L) 43.0 61.0 42.0 62.0 < 25.0 NA T. Fluoride (mg/L) < 0.50 0.25 < 0.50 0.17 < 0.50 NA Sulfate (mg/L) 22.8 130 128 16.0 9.10 NA Metals (mg/L)

T. Aluminum 0.531 1.37 2.18 1.77 0.0658 NA T. Magnesium 16.4 31 33.1 10.4 6.99 NA T. Calcium 59.2 52.2 87.3 76.5 23.2 NA T. Iron 0.702 1.8 2.88 1.84 1.98 NA T. Copper 0.0016 0.0024 0.0050 0.0021 0.0010 0.009 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Zinc 0.0075 0.0078 0.025 0.0115 0.0062 0.120 Based on 100 mg/L TH 2.3.3-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-3 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Maximum Concentrations for Quarterly Stormwater Samples at the CRN Site (July 2013, and March, May, and November 2014)

Most Stringent CRS1 CRS2 CRS3 CRS6 CRS11 Parameter TDEC Numeric Comments Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Maximum Criterion T. Barium 0.046 0.051 0.041 0.0815 0.0446 2.0 T. Boron < 0.20 < 0.20 < 0.20 < 0.20 0.050 NA T. Cobalt 0.0010 0.0010 0.005 0.0010 0.0019 NA T. Manganese 0.136 0.040 0.175 0.0655 0.884 NA T. Molybdenum < 0.0020 < 0.0020 < 0.0020 0.0012 0.0010 NA T. Tin 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 0.050 NA T. Titanium 0.0197 0.0353 0.0369 0.0332 < 0.010 NA T. Antimony 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.006 T. Arsenic 0.0010 0.0010 0.0050 0.0015 < 0.0010 0.010 T. Beryllium < 0.0010 < 0.0010 0.00018 < 0.0010 0.00010 0.004 T. Cadmium < 0.00050 < 0.00050 < 0.00050 < 0.00050 0.00010 0.00025 T. Chromium 0.0010 0.0019 0.005 0.0023 0.0010 0.011 Criterion for Cr+6 T. Lead 0.0010 0.0010 0.0030 0.0017 0.0010 0.0025 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Mercury 1.22 LL Mercury (ng/L) 4.17 3.96 5.64 2.83 1.22 50 T. Nickel 0.0010 0.0021 0.0050 0.0024 0.0012 0.052 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Selenium 0.0018 0.0010 0.0050 0.0033 0.0010 0.005 T. Silver < 0.00050 < 0.00050 0.00050 < 0.00050 0.00010 0.0032 Based on 100 mg/L TH T. Thallium 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010 0.001 0.00024 Criterion is below RL T. Hardness 201 186 324 216 86.8 NA Radioactivity Gross Alpha (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC 2.39 +/- 1.21 1.50 +/- 0.890 <MDC NA Gross Beta (Ci/L) 3.12 +/- 1.41 2.18 +/- 1.10 2.69 +/- 1.20 2.85 +/- 1.28 <MDC NA Total Alpha Radium (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC NA Radium 226 (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC NA Radium 228 (Ci/L) <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC <MDC NA Notes:

NA = Not applicable Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-4 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Analytical Results for Standard Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll a in Samples Collected Monthly March through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.0 Hardness, Total (as Ammonia Nitrogen Suspended Solids Corrected Phaeo a Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Dissolved Solids Phosphate,Ortho Phosphorus,Total Total Organic Apparent Corrected Nitrate-Nitrite Alkalinity Turbidity Parameter Carbon Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a CaCO3) TKN Units mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L NTU µg/L µg/L µg/L Reporting Limit 20 0.1 10 30 0.1 0.1 0.025 0.003 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Location QC Date CRM 03/24/2011 120 <0.10 170 NM <0.10 0.48 <0.025 0.005 2.8 1.4 4.9 1 <1.0 <1.0 15.5 4/26/2011 120 <0.10 170 140 0.14 0.52 <0.025 0.01 6.5 3.6 7.5 2 1 1.4 5/24/2011 110 --- 170 140 0.41 0.6 <0.025 0.006 2.9 1.4 2.7 2 1 <1.0 6/21/2011 110 0.17 160 140 0.33 0.47 <0.025 0.029 3 2.6 4.9 <1.0 <1.0 2 7/18/2011 100 0.13 200 140 0.44 0.51 <0.025 0.015 3.4 1.3 4 2 1 <1.0 T1 8/22/2011 100 0.11 200 140 0.49 0.58 <0.025 0.018 1.9 1.2 1.8 1 <1.0 <1.0 T2 8/22/2011 110 <0.10 190 140 0.36 0.58 <0.025 0.016 2 1.2 1.9 2 <1.0 1.3 T3 8/22/2011 110 <0.10 190 140 0.36 0.59 <0.025 0.016 2.4 1.2 2.1 2 1 1.2 9/19/2011 95 0.11 160 140 0.37 0.49 <0.025 0.022 2 2.5 0.7 2 1 <1.0 10/11/2011 110 0.16 160 150 0.38 0.35 <0.025 0.005 1.5 3.5 1.5 1 <1.0 <1.0 11/10/2011 110 --- 160 160 0.79 0.36 <0.025 0.01 2.2 3.2 3.5 1 1 <1.0 12/13/2011 110 0.11 170 150 <0.10 0.56 <0.025 0.01 4 2.8 6.4 1 <1.0 <1.0 CRM 18.5 3/24/2011 130 0.15 170 NM 0.18 0.48 <0.025 0.012 8.4 1.5 12 2.0 1.0 1.4 4/26/2011 120 <0.10 170 140 0.14 0.53 <0.025 0.006 11.0 3.3 8.0 2.0 2.0 <1.0 T1 05/24/2011 110 <0.10 170 140 0.13 0.61 <0.025 0.005 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.0 <1.0 T2 05/24/2011 110 0.11 150 140 0.13 0.61 <0.025 0.005 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 T3 05/24/2011 110 <0.10 160 140 0.20 0.61 <0.025 <0.003 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 6/21/2011 110 0.11 170 140 0.31 0.44 <0.025 0.018 2.5 1.4 3.4 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 7/18/2011 100 --- 200 140 0.71 0.53 <0.025 0.048 2.5 1.6 2.1 2.0 1.0 <1.0 8/22/2011 110 0.14 190 140 0.42 0.61 <0.025 0.02 2.8 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.2 2.3.3-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-4 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Analytical Results for Standard Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll a in Samples Collected Monthly March through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.0 Hardness, Total (as Ammonia Nitrogen Suspended Solids Corrected Phaeo a Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Dissolved Solids Phosphate,Ortho Phosphorus,Total Total Organic Apparent Corrected Nitrate-Nitrite Alkalinity Turbidity Parameter Carbon Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a CaCO3) TKN Units mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L NTU µg/L µg/L µg/L Reporting Limit 20 0.1 10 30 0.1 0.1 0.025 0.003 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Location QC Date CRM 18.5 9/19/2011 97 <0.10 160 130 0.34 0.54 <0.025 0.027 1.5 2.6 0.6 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 (contd) 10/11/2011 110 <0.10 160 150 0.31 0.34 <0.025 0.005 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.0 1.0 <1.0 11/10/2011 120 0.12 160 150 0.25 0.35 <0.025 0.008 1.1 3.1 2.6 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 12/13/2011 110 <0.10 180 140 <0.10 0.54 <0.025 0.010 3.5 2.2 9.8 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 CRM 19.7 3/25/2011 130 <0.10 170 NM <0.10 0.7 <0.025 <0.003 2.5 1.3 2.9 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 4/26/2011 120 <0.10 180 140 0.31 0.52 <0.025 <0.003 2.8 3.1 2.9 2.0 2.0 <1.0 5/23/2011 110 --- 170 140 0.12 0.5 <0.025 0.006 3.0 1.4 3.3 3.0 <1.0 6.5 6/20/2011 100 0.17 160 140 <0.10 0.5 <0.025 0.010 3.4 1.8 2.9 2.0 2.0 <1.0 7/19/2011 100 0.14 180 140 0.27 0.54 <0.025 0.021 1.2 1.4 1.7 1.0 1.0 <1.0 8/22/2011 110 0.19 200 140 0.38 0.6 <0.025 0.03 4.5 1.2 5.6 3.0 2.0 2.3 9/19/2011 97 <0.10 160 130 0.37 0.51 <0.025 0.024 1.7 2.7 0.7 2.0 1.0 <1.0 10/11/2011 110 <0.10 170 150 0.35 0.36 <0.025 0.007 1.1 1.8 1.1 1.0 2.0 <1.0 11/10/2011 110 0.11 160 150 0.28 0.34 <0.025 0.012 1.1 3.0 3.6 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 12/13/2011 110 <0.10 160 140 0.11 0.53 <0.025 0.011 3.1 2.0 7.5 1.0 <1.0 1.2 CRM 22.0 3/25/2011 130 <0.10 170 NM 0.11 0.66 <0.025 0.004 3.1 1.4 3.8 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 4/26/2011 120 <0.10 170 140 0.38 0.53 <0.025 <0.003 2.2 2.9 2.8 2.0 2.0 <1.0 5/23/2011 110 <0.10 170 130 0.15 0.49 <0.025 0.010 3.2 1.4 5.0 4.0 3.0 1.3 6/20/2011 100 0.12 170 140 0.19 0.49 <0.025 0.010 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 <1.0 7/19/2011 110 0.12 190 140 0.25 0.58 <0.025 0.015 1.9 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.0 <1.0 8/22/2011 110 <0.10 200 150 0.34 0.57 <0.025 0.027 4.3 1.2 4.9 5.0 5.0 1.3 2.3.3-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-4 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Analytical results for Standard Water Quality Parameters and Chlorophyll a in Samples Collected Monthly March through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.0 Hardness, Total (as Ammonia Nitrogen Suspended Solids Corrected Phaeo a Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Dissolved Solids Phosphate,Ortho Phosphorus,Total Total Organic Apparent Corrected Nitrate-Nitrite Alkalinity Turbidity Parameter Carbon Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a CaCO3) TKN Units mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L NTU µg/L µg/L µg/L Reporting Limit 20 0.1 10 30 0.1 0.1 0.025 0.003 1.0 1.0 0.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 Location QC Date CRM 22.0 9/19/2011 96 0.11 160 130 0.41 0.52 <0.025 0.032 1.8 2.8 2.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 (contd) 10/11/2011 110 <0.10 170 150 0.40 0.39 <0.025 0.014 1.2 2.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 <1.0 11/10/2011 110 0.11 160 150 0.22 0.35 <0.025 0.018 1.2 2.6 1.9 1.0 1.0 <1.0 12/13/2011 110 <0.10 170 150 0.14 0.52 <0.025 0.008 3.6 2.8 7.8 1.0 1.0 <1.0 Container Blank 5/25/2011 <20 <0.10 <10 <30 <0.10 <0.10 <0.025 <0.003 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 NM NM NM Container Blank 8/23/2011 <20 <0.10 <10 <30 <0.10 <0.10 <0.025 <0.003 <1.0 <1.0 0.2 NM NM NM Notes:

T1, T2, and T3 are Triplicate Samples that are three distinct samples, each collected separately and in the same manner.

Container Blanks are sample containers filled with deionized (DI) water directly from the DI system.

NM = Not Measured.

Symbol (---) = Non-reportable results.

Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-23 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-5 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Concentrations of Total and Dissolved Metals in Water Samples Collected Bi-Monthly April through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.01 Aluminum, Chromium, Aluminum Chromium Arsenic, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Arsenic Cadmium Calcium Copper Iron Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Metals, Total and Dissolved

(µg/lL)

Method Reporting Limit 1.0/

100 100 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 500 2.0 2.0 2.0 100 100 Location QC Date 2.0 CRM 15.5 4/26/2011 800 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <1.0 610 <100 6/21/2011 290 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 2.2 DT 170 <100 T1 8/22/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 T2 8/22/2011 <100 <100 1.1 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 37000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 T3 8/22/2011 <100 <100 1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 10/11/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 38000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 --- <100 <100 12/13/2011 170 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 230 <100 CRM 18.5 4/26/2011 680 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <1.0 480 <100 6/21/2011 170 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 8/22/2011 <100 <100 1.1 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 35000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 10/11/2011 <100 150 DT <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 37000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 --- <100 <100 12/13/2011 180 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 200 <100 CRM 19.7 4/26/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <1.0 120 <100 6/20/2011 120 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 34000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 110 <100 8/22/2011 150 <100 1.1 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 150 <100 10/11/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 37000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 --- <100 <100 12/13/2011 170 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 35000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 130 <100 CRM 22.0 4/26/2011 140 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 33000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <1.0 130 <100 6/20/2011 110 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 34000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 8/22/2011 110 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 37000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 100 <100 10/11/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 37000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 --- <100 <100 12/13/2011 180 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 36000 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 140 <100 Container Blank 08/23/2011 <100 <100 <1.0 <1.0 <0.5 <0.5 <500 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <100 <100 2.3.3-24 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-5 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Concentrations of Total and Dissolved Metals in Water Samples Collected Bi-Monthly April through December 2011 at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7 and 22.01 Magnesium, Manganese, Magnesium Manganese Lead, Nickel, Selenium, Zinc, Nickel Selenium Metals, Total and Dissolved

(µg/lL) Lead Zinc Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Dissolved Method Reporting Limit 1.0 1.0 100 100 10 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 10 10.0 Location QC Date CRM 15.5 4/26/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 9900 58 <10 1.3 2.5 DT <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 6/21/2011 8.6 <1.0 10000 11000 29 10 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 T1 8/22/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 10000 33 <10 3.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 T2 8/22/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 20 <10 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 T3 8/22/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 21 <10 1.4 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 10/11/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 11000 15 42 DT <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 12/13/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 48 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 CRM 18.5 4/26/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 10000 42 <10 1.1 1.9 DT <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 6/21/2011 1.4 <1.0 10000 11000 20 <10 1.1 1.1 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 8/22/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 10000 31 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 10/11/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 12000 14 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 12/13/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 47 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 CRM 19.7 4/26/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 10000 12 <10 <1.0 1.8 DT <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 6/20/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 29 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 8/22/2011 <1.0 1.3 DT 11000 11000 52 <10 1.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 10/11/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 11000 12 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 12/13/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 40 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 CRM 22.0 4/26/2011 <1.0 <1.0 10000 10000 14 <10 1.3 1.9 DT <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 6/20/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 24 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 8/22/2011 <1.0 1.5 DT 10000 11000 46 <10 2.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 10/11/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 12000 17 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 12/13/2011 <1.0 <1.0 11000 11000 47 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 Container Blank 08/23/2011 <1.0 1.3 DT <100 <100 0 <10 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <10 <10 1

Metals samples were not collected during November 2012 to September 2013 Notes: DT= Dissolved fraction exceeded the total recoverable metal concentration. Symbol (---) = Non-reportable results Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-25 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-6 Maximum Concentrations of Selected Metals in Water Samples Collected at CRM 15.5, 18.5, 19.7, and 22.0 and Respective Water Quality Criteria for the Protection of Fish and Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria Maximum Concentration (µg/l) 1 State Criteria Metal Acute2 Chronic3 CRM 15.5 CRM 18.5 CRM 19.7 CRM 22.0

(µg/l) (µg/l)

West Virginia DT Aluminum4 750 750 <100 150 <100 <100 4

Tennessee Arsenic (III) 340 150 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5

Cadmium 2.60 0.30 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 5

Chromium (III) 706 92 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 Copper5 17 11.2 2.2 DT <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 Lead5 86 3.3 <1.0 <1.0 1.3 DT 1.5 DT DT Nickel5 585 65 2.5 DT 1.9 DT 1.8 DT 1.9 Selenium6 20 5 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5

Zinc 146 140 <10 <10 <10 <10 1 The State of West Virginias criteria for aluminum was used for comparison. The State of Tennessee has not promulgated criteria for aluminum.

2 The acute exposure limit is a one hour average concentration which is not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.

3 The chronic exposure limit is a four day average concentration which is not to be exceeded more than once every three years on the average.

4 Criteria for these metals are expressed as dissolved.

5 Criteria for these metals are expressed as dissolved and are a function of total hardness (130 mg/L).

6 Criteria are expressed in terms of total recoverable metal.

Note:

DT = Dissolved fraction exceeded the total recoverable metal concentration in the sample.

Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-26 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-7 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Pesticide and PCB Concentrations in Sediments Collected at CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0 in 2011 and at Far-Field Locations (CRM 24.5, TRM 560.8, and TRM 532.5) in 2010 and 2011 Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB's (ug/kg dry weight)

(EPA 8081A) (EPA Method 8082)

HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's)

ENDRIN ALDEHYDE METHOXYCHLOR HEPTACHLOR METHOD 1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 TOTAL Collection Reservoir Mile No. Replicate Date Watts Bar CRM 15.5 1 06/21/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 Clinch SMR Watts Bar CRM 15.5 2 6/21/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 Watts Bar CRM 18.5 1 6/21/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 Watts Bar CRM 22.0 1 6/21/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 < 25 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/21/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 310 < 25 < 25 < 25 310 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/8/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 72 < 25 < 25 < 25 72 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/15/2010 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 160 < 25 < 25 < 25 160 Far-field Watts Bar TRM 532.5 2 6/15/2010 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 150 < 25 < 25 < 25 150 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/16/2010 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 77 < 25 < 25 < 25 77 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/15/2010 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 110 < 25 < 25 < 25 110 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 2 6/15/2010 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 140 < 25 < 25 < 25 140 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/16/2011 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 25 < 25 < 25 57 < 25 < 25 < 25 57 2.3.3-27 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-7 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Pesticide and PCB Concentrations in Sediments Collected at CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0 in 2011 and at Far-Field Locations (CRM 24.5, TRM 560.8, and TRM 532.5) in 2010 and 2011 Organochlorine Pesticides and PCB's (ug/kg dry weight)

(EPA Method 8081A)

DDT's Endosulfan METHOD Benzene Hexachloride (BHC)

TOXAPHENE ALDRIN GAMMA CHLORDANE DIELDRIN P,P DDD P,P DDE P,P DDT SULPHATE ENDRIN ALPHA DELTA ALPHA Collection Reservoir Mile No. Replicate Date BETA BETA Watts Bar CRM 15.5 1 06/21/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Clinch SMR Watts Bar CRM 15.5 2 6/21/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar CRM 18.5 1 6/21/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar CRM 22.0 1 6/21/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/21/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/8/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Far-field Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/15/2010 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 2 6/15/2010 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/16/2010 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/15/2010 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 2 6/15/2010 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/16/2011 < 500 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 < 10 Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-28 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-8 Metals Concentrations in Sediments Collected at CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0 in 2011 and at Far-Field Locations (CRM 24.5, TRM 560.8, and TRM 532.5) in 2010 and 2011 Metals (mg/kg, dry weight)

(EPA (EPA (EPA (EPA (EPA 6010)

METHOD 6010) 7060) 7471) 7060)

ALUMINUM ARSENIC CADMIUM CALCIUM CHROMIUM COPPER MAGNESIUM MANGANESE MERCURY NICKEL River Mile Collection Reservoir No. Replicate Date IRON LEAD ZINC Watts Bar CRM 15.5 1 06/21/2011 4300 1.5 < 0.50 810 7.6 3.1 6500 5.9 650 430 < 0.10 5.7 22 Clinch SMR Watts Bar CRM 15.5 2 6/21/2011 4800 1.6 < 0.50 1100 12 3.8 7400 6.2 720 480 < 0.10 7.8 24 Watts Bar CRM 18.5 1 6/21/2011 10000 6.2 < 0.50 2900 18 8.7 14000 16 1400 1500 < 0.10 14 51 Watts Bar CRM 22.0 1 6/21/2011 11000 4.7 < 0.50 2200 14 8.1 15000 16 1400 1100 < 0.10 12 50 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/21/2011 31000 15 < 0.50 24000 32 41 35000 29 4500 3742 0.1 31 110 Melton Hill CRM 24.0 1 6/8/2011 35000 20 < 0.50 20000 31 38 39000 27 3100 3600 0.11 29 120 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/15/2010 43000 18 < 0.50 3500 41 41 45000 28 4100 3100 0.43 33 160 Far-field Watts Bar TRM 532.5 2 6/15/2010 44000 18 < 0.50 3600 41 41 46000 28 4100 3100 0.42 32 160 Watts Bar TRM 532.5 1 6/16/2011 43000 20 0.58 3500 49 51 46000 35 3600 2900 0.31 42 160 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/15/2010 37000 23 < 0.50 4200 38 46 37000 28 3800 2600 0.47 34 150 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 2 6/15/2010 38000 24 < 0.50 4000 38 47 37000 28 3700 2700 0.49 34 150 Watts Bar TRM 560.8 1 6/16/2011 37000 22 0.71 3800 39 56 41000 34 3500 2900 0.42 39 160 EPA Region 4 Ecological Screening Values (ESV) for Sediment (2001)1 NA 7.24 1 NA 52.3 18.7 NA 30.2 NA NA 0.13 15.9 124 1 EPA ecological screening values for metals in sediments are provided as a reference only. Since these numbers are based on conservative endpoints and sensitive ecological effects data, they represent a preliminary screening of site contaminant levels. Concentrations that exceed these values are not necessarily above expected background levels for a given region or area.

Source: (Reference 2.3.3-8) 2.3.3-29 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-9 Field Geochemical Results pH Specific Dissolved Well Geologic Unit Turbidity Temperature, REDOX Purge Water Date (standard Conductance Oxygen Number Formation (NTU) °C (°F)2 (mv) Appearance units) (µS/cm)1 (ppm)

Chickamauga Clear, faint OW-101L 11/19/2013 7.17 620 3.86 0.05 16.5 (61.7) -152.5 Rockdell sulfur odor Chickamauga OW-202L3 11/19/2013 9.58 978 193.00 5.16 17.0 (62.6) -116.9 Red, purged dry Fleanor Member Knox OW-401L 11/21/2013 7.78 340 14.30 4.21 19.5 (67.1) 9.7 Clear Newala Chickamauga OW-409U 11/19/2013 7.10 672 49.70 45.304 17.2 (63.0) 186.2 Clear Rockdell Chickamauga OW-409L 11/18/2013 7.80 849 25.20 3.31 16.0 (60.8) 30.5 Clear Rockdell Chickamauga Clear to slightly OW-415U 11/20/2013 7.24 598 122.00 3.61 17.3 (63.1) 75.7 Bowen/Benbolt cloudy Chickamauga Clear, sulfur OW-416L 11/21/2013 7.04 694 1.07 0.25 17.4 (63.3) -188.1 Rockdell odor Chickamauga OW-417L 11/21/2013 7.21 609 2.55 1.51 16.3 (61.3) 53.4 Clear Fleanor Member Chickamauga OW-418U 11/19/2013 7.47 517 2.84 1.18 18.8 (65.8) 119.8 Clear Eidson Member Knox OW-419U 11/20/2013 6.97 532 1.27 1.15 16.3 (61.3) 63.0 Clear Newala Knox OW-420L 11/22/2013 7.56 472 69.90 9.21 17.7 (63.9) 57.5 Clear Newala Chickamauga/Knox OW-421L 11/22/2013 8.00 400 17.50 8.53 17.0 (62.6) 44.3 Clear Blackford/Newala Chickamauga OW-423U 11/19/2013 6.99 599 5.82 4.70 16.7 (62.1) 90.6 Clear Eidson Member 1 Specific Conductance in mS/cm converted to Specific Conductance in µS/cm by multiplying by 1000 2 Values rounded to the nearest 0.1°C and the nearest 0.1°F 3 Well purged dry; insufficient water for field parameter testing at time of sampling. Values are last before purged dry.

4 Suspect results - concentration in excess of maximum oxygen saturation value.

Notes: Adapted from (Reference 2.3.3-15) Table 3.2 2.3.3-30 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-10 (Sheet 1 of 5)

Laboratory Geochemical Results Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Analytical Nitrate Nitrite Well Geologic Unit Fluoride Chloride Bromide Date Water Type Error1 as N as N Number Formation ppm ppm ppm

% ppm ppm Chickamauga Calcium-OW-101L 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate 12 0.0054 JQ <0.020 U 0.22 2.1 0.038 JQ OW-101L Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate 3 0.0099 JQ <0.020 U 0.19 2.1 0.04 JQ Dup 11/19/2013 Rockdell Chickamauga Sodium-OW-202L 11/22/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate

-3.2 0.028 <0.020 UL 7.4 24 0.17 JQ Knox Calcium-Bicarbonate 1.4 0.15 <0.020 UL 0.20 JH 1.4 <0.25 U OW-401L 11/21/2013 Newala Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate 12 0.88 <0.020 UL 0.25 1.8 <0.25 U OW-409U 11/19/2013 Rockdell Chickamauga Sodium-Bicarbonate 1.1 0.12 0.0052 JQ 0.37 2.2 <0.25 U OW-409L 11/19/2013 Rockdell Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate 16 0.90 <0.020 UL 0.13 8.8 0.053 JQ OW-415U 11/20/2013 Bowen/Benbolt Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate

-1.7 0.20 <0.020 U 0.39 7.6 0.071 JQ OW-416L 11/21/2013 Rockdell Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate

-0.76 <0.020 U <0.020 U 0.18 2.8 0.048 JQ OW-417L 11/21/2013 Fleanor Member Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate 0.019 0.68 <0.020 U 0.3 2.7 <0.25 U OW-418U 11/20/2013 Eidson Member Knox Calcium-Bicarbonate 2.0 0.43 <0.020 U 0.16 1.3 <0.25 U OW-419U 11/20/2013 Newala Knox Calcium-Bicarbonate 2.1 0.36 J <0.020 UL 0.31 JH 2.1 J <0.25 U OW-420L 11/22/2013 Newala OW-420L Knox Calcium-Bicarbonate

-0.019 0.25 J <0.020 UL 0.35 2.6 J <0.25 U Dup 11/22/2013 Newala Chickamauga/Knox Magnesium-Bicarbonate 3.9 1.6 <0.020 UL 0.58 2.6 <0.25 U OW-421L 11/22/2013 Blackford/Newala Chickamauga Calcium-Bicarbonate 4.1 0.14 <0.020 U 0.090 JQ 2.7 <0.25 U OW-423U 11/19/2013 Eidson Member 2.3.3-31 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-10 (Sheet 2 of 5)

Laboratory Geochemical Results Total Bicarbonate Carbonate Qualifier2 Analytical Well Geologic Unit Sulfate Bicarbonate Alkalinity Alkalinity Alkalinity Date Water Type Error1 Number Formation ppm ppm3 ppm as ppm as ppm as CaCO3 CaCO3 CaCO3 Chickamauga Calcium-OW-101L 11/19/2013 12 42 366 300 300 <5.0 U Rockdell Bicarbonate OW-101L Chickamauga Calcium-3 43 354 290 290 <5.0 U Dup 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-

-3.2 93 732(4) 680 600 78 OW-202L 11/22/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-1.4 6.9 219 180 180 <5.0 U OW-401L 11/21/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-12 83 329 270 270 <5.0 U OW-409U 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-1.1 150 366 300 300 <5.0 U OW-409L 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-16 36 329 270 270 <5.0 U OW-415U 11/20/2013 Bowen/Benbolt Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-1.7 63 366 300 300 <5.0 U OW-416L 11/21/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-0.76 13 390 320 320 <5.0 U OW-417L 11/21/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-0.019 20 329 270 270 <5.0 U OW-418U 11/20/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.0 17 329 270 270 <5.0 U OW-419U 11/20/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.1 14 280 230 230 <5.0 U OW-420L 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate OW-420L Knox Calcium-

-0.019 15 293 240 240 <5.0 U Dup 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga/Knox Magnesium-3.9 8.3 256 210 210 <5.0 U OW-421L 11/22/2013 Blackford/Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-4.1 24 354 290 290 <5.0 U OW-423U 11/19/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate 2.3.3-32 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-10 (Sheet 3 of 5)

Laboratory Geochemical Results Total Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Qualifier2 Analytical Well Geologic Unit Ammonia Dissolved Calcium Iron Date Water Type Error1 Number Formation ppm Solids ppm ppm ppm Chickamauga Calcium-OW-101L 11/19/2013 12 0.31 J 370 130 J 0.33 Rockdell Bicarbonate OW-101L Chickamauga Calcium-3 0.35 J 370 99 J 0.31 Dup 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-

-3.2 0.58 J 1100 23 19 OW-202L 11/22/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-1.4 0.140 J 190 40 0.14 OW-401L 11/21/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-12 0.099 J 410 140 0.22 OW-409U 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-1.1 0.710 J 520 46 0.068 OW-409L 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-16 0.140 J 370 150 0.39 OW-415U 11/20/2013 Bowen/Benbolt Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-1.7 0.120 J 420 99 0.072 OW-416L 11/21/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-0.76 0.140 J 340 61 0.041 JQ OW-417L 11/21/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-0.019 0.059 J 300 52 0.055 OW-418U 11/20/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.0 0.140 J 290 72 0.023 JQ OW-419U 11/20/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.1 0.110 J 270 59 0.25 OW-420L 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate OW-420L Knox Calcium-

-0.019 0.140 J 280 59 0.29 Dup 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga/Knox Magnesium-3.9 <0.050 UL 230 38 0.23 OW-421L 11/22/2013 Blackford/Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-4.1 0.083 J 340 99 0.076 OW-423U 11/19/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate 2.3.3-33 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-10 (Sheet 4 of 5)

Laboratory Geochemical Results Analytical Well Geologic Unit Potassium Magnesium Manganese Sodium Silicon Silica Date Water Type Error1 Number Formation ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm Chickamauga Calcium-OW-101L 11/19/2013 12 2.1 23 0.05 7.8 3.9 8.3 Rockdell Bicarbonate OW-101L Chickamauga Calcium-3 2.1 22 0.048 7.6 4.2 9 Dup 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-

-3.2 14 9.9 0.16 280 82 170 OW-202L 11/22/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-1.4 1.8 22 0.008 0.91 4.7 10 OW-401L 11/21/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-12 1.2 23 0.011 4.8 7.6 16 OW-409U 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Sodium-1.1 8.1 31 0.017 99 4.6 9.9 OW-409L 11/19/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-16 2.4 13 0.046 5.2 7.6 16 OW-415U 11/20/2013 Bowen/Benbolt Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-1.7 0.77 13 0.020 29 5 11 OW-416L 11/21/2013 Rockdell Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-

-0.76 3.4 31 0.021 22 6.1 13 OW-417L 11/21/2013 Fleanor Member Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-0.019 2.7 19 0.0037 40 8.7 19 OW-418U 11/20/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.0 1.5 29 0.0023 0.91 3.2 6.8 OW-419U 11/20/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Knox Calcium-2.1 1.8 26 0.033 1.2 4.2 9 OW-420L 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate OW-420L Knox Calcium-

-0.019 1.9 26 0.032 1.3 4.4 9.4 Dup 11/22/2013 Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga/Knox Magnesium-3.9 12 27 0.01 12 6 13 OW-421L 11/22/2013 Blackford/Newala Bicarbonate Chickamauga Calcium-4.1 1.3 19 0.051 8.7 7.2 15 OW-423U 11/19/2013 Eidson Member Bicarbonate 2.3.3-34 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-10 (Sheet 5 of 5)

Laboratory Geochemical Results 1

Analytical error is the difference between the sum of the cations and the sum of the anions divided by the sum of the anions and cations and multiplied by 100% (the anion and cation concentrations are in milliequivalents per liter). The analytical error represents the charge balance error of the analysis.

2 Data Qualifier Definitions:

J = Estimated quantitation based on associated QC data JQ = Estimated quantitation; value is between the reporting limit and the detection limit JH = Estimated quantitation; possibly biased high based on QC data U = Undetected UL = Undetected; data biased low: the reporting detection limit is higher than indicated 3

Bicarbonate concentration determined by dividing the Bicarbonate Alkalinity by 0.8202 (Reference 2.3.3-20) 4 Bicarbonate concentration is suspect due to high sample pH (pH = 9.58)

Notes:

Dup = Duplicate sample Data adapted from (Reference 2.3.3-15) Table 5.13 2.3.3-35 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-11 Baseline Range of Field Parameters for Groundwater Baseline Groundwater Conditions Minimum Maximum Temperature, degrees C (degrees F) 8.36 (47.05) 24.44 (75.99)

Oxidation reduction potential (mV) -19 478 Specific Conductance, Field (umhos/cm) 72.36 4723.2 Oxygen, dissolved (mg/L) 0 13 pH, Field (pH) 5.3 9.7 Turbidity, Field (NTU) 0.9 114 Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-36 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-12 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Detailed Summary - Baseline Range of Field Parameters for Groundwater Minimum of Maximum of Minimum of Maximum of Baseline Minimum of Maximum of Oxidation Oxidation Specific Specific Groundwater Temperature, °C Temperature, °C reduction reduction Conductance, Conductance, Conditions (°F) (°F) potential potential Field Field (mV) (mV) (umhos/cm) (umhos/cm)

Winter 2013 Upper 8.79 (47.82) 16.23 (61.21) 166 478 341.9 938.1 Lower 8.36 (47.05) 13.7 (56.66) -19 471 72.36 4425 Deep 11.34 (52.41) 24.1 (75.38) 55 331 414.1 808.3 Spring 2014 Upper 12.03 (53.65) 17 (62.60) 75 414 363 890 Lower 13.19 (55.74) 18.2 (64.76) 47 364 406.1 4338 Deep 15.16 (59.29) 22.37 (72.27) 11 294 408 866.2 Summer 2014 Upper 16.4 (61.52) 24.1 (75.38) 158 469 369 897.7 Lower 17.48 (63.46) 24.44 (75.99) 67 441 109.3 4723.2 Deep 20.74 (69.33) 22 (71.60) 105 255 446 830 Fall 2014 Upper 11.7 (53.06) 17.52 (63.54) 138 418 356 870.9 Lower 14 (57.20) 18.3 (64.94) 36 433 392 4651 Deep 12.64 (54.75) 16.45 (61.61) 9 391 405 731.6 All Samples 8.36 (47.05) 24.44 (75.99) -19 478 72.36 4723.2 2.3.3-37 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-12 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Detailed Summary - Baseline Range of Field Parameters for Groundwater Minimum of Maximum of Baseline Minimum Maximum Minimum of Maximum of Oxygen, Oxygen, Groundwater of pH, Field of pH, Field Turbidity, Field Turbidity, Field dissolved dissolved Conditions (pH) (pH) (NTU) (NTU)

(mg/L) (mg/L)

Winter 2013 Upper 0.4 8.6 6.1 7.2 0.9 46.2 Lower 1.1 8.4 6.4 8.8 5.8 69.7 Deep 0.4 13 5.6 7.3 7.8 55.9 Spring 2014 Upper 0.1 7.4 6.4 7.3 2.7 68.6 Lower 0.1 7.9 5.3 9.6 9.9 114 Deep 1.7 8.1 6.1 7.4 11.9 20.3 Summer 2014 Upper 0.5 6.3 6.5 7.1 2.2 46.4 Lower 0.9 8.1 6.8 9.7 6.6 56.2 Deep 0 1.4 6.4 6.9 34 87.1 Fall 2014 Upper 0.1 6.1 5.4 7.1 1.9 71 Lower 1.5 6.6 5.9 7.3 8.4 38.1 Deep 1.3 4.5 6 7.3 8.6 18.2 All Samples 0 13 5.3 9.7 0.9 114 Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-38 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-13 Baseline Groundwater Temperatures and Sample Depths Minimum Maximum Average Minimum Maximum Average Baseline Temperature, Temperature, Temperature Sample Depth Sample Depth Sample Depth

°C (°F) °C (°F) °C (°F) (m) (m) (m)

Winter 2013 Upper 8.79 (47.82) 16.23 (61.21) 11.90 (53.43) 8.76 31.5 18.88315789 Lower 8.36 (47.05) 13.7 (56.66) 11.26 52.27) 35.97 50.3 41.0625 Deep 11.34 (52.41) 24.1 (75.38) 15.65 (60.16) 57.3 80 66.91333333 Spring 2014 Upper 12.03 (53.65) 17.00 (62.60) 14.12 (57.42) 8.76 31.5 18.358 Lower 13.19 (55.74) 18.20 (64.76) 15.24 (59.42) 35.97 50.3 41.188125 Deep 15.16 (59.29) 22.37 (72.27) 18.47 (65.25) 57.3 70.03 64.296 Summer 2014 Upper 16.40 (61.52) 24.1 (75.38) 19.80 (67.64) 8.76 31.5 18.11214286 Lower 17.48 (63.46) 24.44 (75.99) 20.21 (68.37) 35.97 50.3 41.63071429 Deep 20.74 (69.33) 22.00 (71.60) 21.25 (70.24) 57.3 70.03 63.07333333 Fall 2014 Upper 11.70 (53.06) 17.52 (63.54) 15.54 (59.98) 11.8 31.5 19.44 Lower 14.00 (57.20) 18.30 (64.94) 15.72 (60.29) 36 50.3 42.06615385 Deep 12.64 (54.75) 16.45 (61.61) 14.54 (58.17) 57.3 70 64.8 Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-39 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 1 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect 8.36 24.44 NE Temperature, degrees C (degrees F) (47.05) (75.99)

Oxidation reduction potential (mV) NE -19 478 Specific Conductance, Field (umhos/cm) NE 72.36 4723.2 Oxygen, dissolved (mg/L) NE 0 13 pH, Field (pH) NE 5.3 9.7 GW Elevation (m above s/l) (m) NE 223.81 247.85 Sample Depth (m) NE 8.8 103.3 Well Depth (m) NE 5.75 76.28 Water Level Depth (m) NE 1.18 22.49 Turbidity, Field (NTU) NE 0.9 114 Anions Bromide (mg/L) NE 0.079 6.46 Chloride, total (mg/L) NE 0.811 614 Sulfate, total (mg/L) NE 3.33 2240 Fluoride, total (mg/L) 4 0.085 14.2 General Chemistry Color (Pt-Co units) NE 5 50 Chlorine, Total Residual (mg/L) NE 0.201 0.307 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/L) NE 2 291 COD, Low Level (mg/L) NE 24.1 58.5 pH, Lab (pH) NE 5.87 9.94 Phenols, total (ug/L) NE 74 74 Alkalinity, Lab (mg/L) NE 158 653 TSS (mg/L) NE 0.8 1570 Oil & Grease (mg/L) NE 10.7 10.7 Nitrogen, Ammonia (mg/L) NE 0.076 12 Nitrite + Nitrate (mg/L) NE 0.035 2.62 Phosphorus, total (mg/L) NE 0.106 1.68 Carbon, total organic (mg/L) NE 0.566 6.78 Cyanide, total (mg/L) 0.2 0.004 0.115 Sulfide, total (mg/L) NE ND ND Methylene Blue Active Sub NE 0 0.205 2.3.3-40 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 2 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect Metals (total)

Aluminum (mg/L) NE 0.112 10.4 Antimony (ug/L) 6 ND ND Arsenic, (ug/L) 10 7 7 Barium (ug/L) 2000 12 582 Beryllium (ug/L) 4 1.4 1.4 Boron (ug/L) NE 25.9 2170 Cadmium (ug/L) 5 0.3 1.2 Calcium (mg/L) NE 1.2 187 Chromium (ug/L) 100 5.4 11.6 Cobalt (ug/L) NE 7.4 7.4 Copper (ug/L) 130 14.8 21.7 Iron (ug/L) NE 33.5 11900 Lead (ug/L) 15 5.5 120 Magnesium (mg/L) NE 1.72 65.1 Manganese (ug/L) NE 7.5 902 Molybdenum (ug/L) NE 0.9 0.9 Nickel (ug/L) 100 4.9 18.8 Potassium (mg/L) NE 0.873 33.3 Selenium (ug/L) 50 ND ND Silver (ug/L) 100 ND ND Sodium (mg/L) NE 0.812 1650 Thallium (ug/L) 2 ND ND Tin (ug/L) NE ND ND Titanium (ug/L) NE 36.9 36.9 Zinc (ug/L) NE 33.8 72.9 Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity Alpha, total (pCi/L) NE 2.93 13 Beta, total (pCi/L) NE 1.13 30.2 Tritium (pCi/L) NE 284 847 Radium 226, total (pCi/L) NE 0.108 1.31 Radium 228, total (pCi/L) NE 0.295 1.06 Strontium 90, total (pCi/L) NE 0.317 0.428 Technetium 99 (pCi/L) NE 2.02 8.16 2.3.3-41 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 3 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect Semivolatile Organic Compounds (ug/L) 1,2,4Trichlorobenzene 70 ND ND 1,2,5,6Dibenzanthracene NE ND ND 1,2Dichlorobenzene NE ND ND 1,2Diphenylhydrazine NE ND ND 1,3Dichlorobenzene NE ND ND 1,4Dichlorobenzene NE ND ND 2,4,6Trichlorophenol NE ND ND 2,4Dichlorophenol NE ND ND 2,4Dimethylphenol NE ND ND 2,4Dinitrophenol NE ND ND 2,4Dinitrotoluene NE ND ND 2,6Dinitrotoluene NE ND ND 2Chloronaphthalene NE ND ND 2Chlorophenol NE ND ND 2Nitrophenol NE ND ND 3,3'Dichlorobenzidine NE ND ND 4Bromophenyl Phenyl Ether NE ND ND 4Chlorophenyl Phenyl Ether NE ND ND 4Nitrophenol NE ND ND Acenaphthene NE ND ND Acenaphthylene NE ND ND Anthracene NE ND ND Benzidine NE ND ND Benzo(a)anthracene NE ND ND Benzo(B)fluoranthene NE ND ND Benzo(ghi)perylene NE ND ND Benzo(K)fluoranthene NE ND ND Benzoapyrene 0.2 ND ND Bis (2-Chloroethoxy) Methylene NE ND ND Bis (2-Chloroisopropyl) Ethylene NE ND ND Bis(2Ethylhexyl) Phthalate NE 6.27 99 Bis(chloromethyl)ether NE ND ND Chrysene NE ND ND Diethyl Phthalate NE ND ND Dimethyl Phthalate NE ND ND 2.3.3-42 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 4 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect DinButyl Phthalate NE ND ND DinOctyl Phthalate NE ND ND DNOC (4,6DinitroOrthoCresol) NE ND ND Fluoranthene NE ND ND Fluorene NE ND ND Hexachlorobenzene 1 ND ND Hexachlorobutadiene NE ND ND Hexachlorocyclopentadiene 50 ND ND Hexachloroethane NE ND ND Indeno (1,2,3-cd)Pyrene NE ND ND Isophorone NE ND ND Naphthalene NE 4 41 NButyl Benzyl Phthalate NE ND ND Nitrobenzene NE ND ND Nitrosodimethylamine, n- NE ND ND Nnitrosodinpropylamine NE ND ND Nnitrosodiphenylamine NE ND ND Parachlorometa Cresol NE ND ND PCP (Pentachlorophenol) NE ND ND Phenanthrene NE ND ND Phenol(C6H5OH)Single Com NE ND ND Pyrene NE ND ND Volatile Organic Compounds (ug/L) 1,1,1Trichloroethane 200 ND ND 1,1,2,2TetrachloroEthane NE ND ND 1,1,2TrichloroEthane 5 ND ND 1,1Dichloroethane NE ND ND 1,2Dichloroethane 5 ND ND 1,2Dichloroethylene NE ND ND 1,2DichloroPropane 5 ND ND 2ChloroEthyl Vinyl Ether NE ND ND Acrolein NE ND ND Acrylonitrile NE ND ND Benzene, total NE 0.131 5.49 Bromoform NE ND ND Bromomethane NE ND ND 2.3.3-43 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 5 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect Carbon Tetrachloride 5 ND ND ChloroBenzene 100 ND ND Chlorodibromomethane NE ND ND ChloroEthane NE ND ND Chloroform 80 0.291 4.02 Chloromethane NE ND ND Cis1,3DichloroPropene NE ND ND Dichlorobromomethane (mg/L) 700 ND ND Ethylbenzene 1000 1.46 1.7 Hexane, n- NE 1.81 14 Methylene Chloride NE 0.484 0.484 Tetrachloroethylene NE 0.499 0.499 Toluene NE 0.132 12.6 Trans1,3DichloroPropene NE ND ND Trichloroethylene 5 ND ND Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds (PCBs) (ug/L)

PCB1016 NE ND ND PCB1221 NE ND ND PCB1232 NE ND ND PCB1242 NE 0.591 3.88 PCB1248 NE ND ND PCB1254 NE ND ND PCB1260 NE ND ND Organochlorine Pesticides (ug/L) 4,4'DDD NE ND ND 4,4'DDE NE ND ND Aldrin NE ND ND alphaBHC NE ND ND alphaChlordane NE ND ND betaBHC NE 0.0225 0.0225 Chlordane, gamma NE ND ND DDT NE ND ND deltaBHC NE ND ND Dieldrin 2 ND ND Endosulfan I NE ND ND Endosulfan II NE ND ND 2.3.3-44 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-14 (Sheet 6 of 6)

Baseline Groundwater Summary Minimum Maximum Analyte MCL Detect Detect Endosulfan Sulfate NE ND ND Endrin 2 ND ND Endrin Aldehyde NE ND ND Endrin Ketone NE ND ND gammaBHC (Lindane) 0.2 ND ND Heptachlor 0.4 0.058 0.058 Heptachlor Epoxide 0.2 ND ND Toxaphene 3 ND ND Mercury (ug/L)

Mercury, total 2 ND ND Note:

NE = not established ND = not detected Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-45 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-15 Baseline Groundwater Summary Legacy Contaminants Number Number Minimum Maximum Maximum Maximum MCL Analyte Detects Samples Detect Detect Location Date Nitrite + Nitrate (mg/L) NE 54 80 0.035 2.62 OW421U December 2013 Arsenic, (ug/L) 10 1 81 7 7 OW42OU April 2014 Barium (ug/L) 2000 73 81 12 582 OW420L December 2013 Cadmium (ug/L) 5 2 81 0.3 1.2 OW42OU April 2014 Chromium (ug/L) 100 5 81 5.4 11.6 OW42OU April 2014 Tritium (pCi/L) NE 4 81 284 847 OW428D December 2013 Strontium 90, total (pCi/L) NE 5 81 0.317 0.428 OW416L August 2014 Technetium 99 (pCi/L) NE 3 80 2.02 8.16 OW401D August 2014 1,1Dichloroethane (ug/L) NE 0 81 ND ND ND ND Chloroform (ug/L) 80 22 81 0.291 4.02 OW429L April 2014 Tetrachloroethylene (ug/L) NE 1 81 0.499 0.499 OW42OU April 2014 Trichloroethylene (ug/L) 5 0 81 ND ND ND ND Mercury, total (ug/L) 2 0 81 ND ND ND ND Notes:

NE = Not established ND = not detectable Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-46 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-16 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Baseline Groundwater Summary of Detected Analytes Minimum Maximum Number MCL Analyte Detect Detect Detects Temperature, Celsius (degrees C) NE 8.36 24.44 NA Oxidation reduction potential (mV) NE -19 478 NA Specific Conductance, Field (umhos/cm) NE 72.36 4723.2 NA Oxygen, dissolved (mg/L) NE 0 13 NA pH, Field (pH) NE 5.3 9.7 NA GW Elevation (m above s/l) (m) NE 223.81 247.85 NA Sample Depth (m) NE 8.8 103.3 NA Well Depth (m) NE 5.75 76.28 NA Water Level Depth (m) NE 1.18 22.49 NA Turbidity, Field (NTU) NE 0.9 114 NA Anions Bromide (mg/L) NE 0.079 6.46 13 Chloride, total (mg/L) NE 0.811 614 62 Sulfate, total (mg/L) NE 3.33 2240 77 Fluoride, total (mg/L) 4 0.085 14.2 77 General Chemistry Color (Pt-Co units) NE 5 50 63 Chlorine, Total Residual (mg/L) NE 0.201 0.307 2 Biological Oxygen Demand (mg/L) NE 2 291 32 COD, Low Level (mg/L) NE 24.1 58.5 9 pH, Lab (pH) NE 5.87 9.94 78 Phenols, total (ug/L) NE 74 74 1 Alkalinity, Lab (mg/L) NE 158 653 81 TSS (mg/L) NE 0.8 1570 76 Oil & Grease (mg/L) NE 10.7 10.7 1 Nitrogen, Ammonia (mg/L) NE 0.076 12 56 Nitrite + Nitrate (mg/L) NE 0.035 2.62 54 Phosphorus, total (mg/L) NE 0.106 1.68 22 Carbon, total organic (mg/L) NE 0.566 6.78 57 Cyanide, total (mg/L) 0.2 0.004 0.115 8 Methylene Blue Active Sub NE 0 0.205 21 2.3.3-47 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-16 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Baseline Groundwater Summary of Detected Analytes Minimum Maximum Number MCL Analyte Detect Detect Detects Metals (total)

Aluminum (mg/L) NE 0.112 10.4 45 Arsenic, (ug/L) 10 7 7 1 Barium (ug/L) 2000 12 582 73 Beryllium (ug/L) 4 1.4 1.4 1 Boron (ug/L) NE 25.9 2170 38 Cadmium (ug/L) 5 0.3 1.2 2 Calcium (mg/L) NE 1.2 187 81 Chromium (ug/L) 100 5.4 11.6 5 Cobalt (ug/L) NE 7.4 7.4 1 Copper (ug/L) 130 14.8 21.7 2 Iron (ug/L) NE 33.5 11900 43 Lead (ug/L) 15 5.5 120 3 Magnesium (mg/L) NE 1.72 65.1 76 Manganese (ug/L) NE 7.5 902 30 Molybdenum (ug/L) NE 0.9 0.9 1 Nickel (ug/L) 100 4.9 18.8 2 Potassium (mg/L) NE 0.873 33.3 71 Sodium (mg/L) NE 0.812 1650 71 Titanium (ug/L) NE 36.9 36.9 1 Zinc (ug/L) NE 33.8 72.9 2 Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity Alpha, total (pCi/L) NE 2.93 13 22 Beta, total (pCi/L) NE 1.13 30.2 45 Tritium (pCi/L) NE 284 847 4 Radium 226, total (pCi/L) NE 0.108 1.31 41 Radium 228, total (pCi/L) NE 0.295 1.06 11 Strontium 90, total (pCi/L) NE 0.317 0.428 5 Technetium 99 (pCi/L) NE 2.02 8.16 3 Semivolatile Organic Compounds (ug/L)

Bis(2Ethylhexyl) Phthalate NE 6.27 99 21 Naphthalene NE 4 41 4 2.3.3-48 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3.3-16 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Baseline Groundwater Summary of Detected Analytes Minimum Maximum Number MCL Analyte Detect Detect Detects Volatile Organic Compounds (ug/L)

Benzene, total NE 0.131 5.49 7 Chloroform 80 0.291 4.02 22 Ethylbenzene 1000 1.46 1.7 2 Hexane, n- NE 1.81 14 3 Methylene Chloride NE 0.484 0.484 1 Tetrachloroethylene NE 0.499 0.499 1 Toluene NE 0.132 12.6 10 Polychlorinated Biphenyl Compounds (PCBs) (ug/L)

PCB1242 NE 0.591 3.88 4 Organochlorine Pesticides (ug/L) betaBHC NE 0.0225 0.0225 1 Heptachlor 0.4 0.058 0.058 1 Notes:

NE = Not established NA = Not available Source: (Reference 2.3.3-18) 2.3.3-49 Revision 1

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00 321 Feet 840 9 80 60 0 96 Source: Hydrology, ESRI USA 0 8 2Water Body Types; 84 0 9 8Contours, USGS National Elevation Dataset 2014; 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 4,000 1100 90 10 86 0 94 8 00 98 60 Roads, U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division and ESRI00USA Major Highways 12 0 92 0 1020 Copyright:© 2014 Esri 9 0 1 Legend Clinch River Mile Rivers and Lakes E (CRM)

Interstate Local Roads Transmission Line Pond Highway 20' Contour Lines CRN Site Pre-Application Monitoring Sample Locations Major Road Barge/Traffic Area Biological Monitoring Program Sample Locations Figure 2.3.3-1. CRN Site Surface Water Monitoring Locations 2.3.3-50 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Sources: (Reference 2.3.2-15; Reference 2.3.2-16)

Figure 2.3.3-2. Piper Trilinear Diagram 2.3.3-51 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Adapted from: (Reference 2.3.2-17)

Figure 2.3.3-3. ORR Groundwater Contamination Map 2.3.3-52 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report APPENDIX 2.3-A Oak Ridge Reservation Selected Bedrock Hydraulic Conductivity Test Results 2.3-A-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 1 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans-Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Storage Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Coefficient(4)

Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d 55-1A A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 14.3 19.3 16.8 Slug Hvorslev 4.2E-04 1.2 NA NA 55-1B A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 33.8 38.8 36.3 Slug Hvorslev 3.9E-04 1.1 NA NA 55-1C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 70.7 75.7 73.2 Slug Hvorslev 1.2E-04 0.34 NA NA 55-2C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 71 76 73.5 Slug Hvorslev 4.9E-04 1.4 NA NA 55-3A A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 9.3 14.3 11.8 Slug Hvorslev 6.0E-04 1.7 NA NA 55-3B A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 33.1 38.1 35.6 Slug Hvorslev 1.6E-03 4.6 NA NA 55-3C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 72.5 77.5 75 Slug Hvorslev 6.7E-05 0.19 NA NA 55-4B A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20.5 25.5 23 Slug Hvorslev 4.6E-04 1.3 NA NA 55-4C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 67.6 72.6 70.1 Slug Hvorslev 1.7E-04 0.49 NA NA 56-1A A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 14 19 16.5 Slug Hvorslev 4.9E-05 0.14 NA NA 56-1C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 70.3 75.3 72.8 Slug Hvorslev 6.7E-04 1.9 NA NA 56-2A A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 10.1 15.1 12.6 Slug Hvorslev 8.1E-04 2.3 NA NA 56-2B A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 33.8 38.8 36.3 Slug Hvorslev 3.0E-04 0.84 NA NA 56-2C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 72.3 77.3 74.8 Slug Hvorslev 1.6E-04 0.45 NA NA 56-3A A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 12.8 17.8 15.3 Slug Hvorslev 2.8E-04 0.8 NA NA 56-3C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 50.5 55.5 53 Slug Hvorslev 5.6E-04 1.6 NA NA 56-4C A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 71.3 76.3 73.8 Slug Hvorslev 1.3E-03 3.6 NA NA 56-5C A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 66.6 71.6 69.1 Slug Hvorslev 2.5E-02 70 NA NA GW-1 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.4 25.7 20.1 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 2.6E-05 0.074 NA NA GW-2 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 47.8 60 53.9 Packer Not Specified 1.1E-05 0.03 NA NA GW-2 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 38.9 60 49.5 Packer Not Specified 4.9E-06 0.014 NA NA GW-2 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 39.6 46.7 43.2 Packer Not Specified 9.5E-06 0.027 NA NA GW-2 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 34.8 41.9 38.4 Packer Not Specified 2.8E-06 0.008 NA NA GW-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 23.9 35 29.5 Packer Not Specified 5.1E-05 0.145 NA NA GW-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20.9 32 26.5 Packer Not Specified 4.1E-05 0.115 NA NA GW-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 18 23 20.5 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 1.3E-05 0.038 NA NA GW-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 17 27.2 22.1 Packer Not Specified 1.1E-03 3.23 NA NA GW-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 27.2 50.6 38.9 Packer Not Specified 7.2E-04 2.05 NA NA GW-5 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 3 12.5 7.8 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 2.0E-04 0.575 NA NA GW-6 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 35.7 46.8 41.3 Packer Not Specified 6.7E-05 0.189 NA NA GW-6 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 15.3 31.5 23.4 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 3.1E-05 0.088 NA NA GW-7 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 8.7 16.5 12.6 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 1.9E-04 0.548 NA NA GW-8 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 13 21.9 17.5 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 1.5E-04 0.438 NA NA GW-9 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 51.5 55.3 53.4 Packer Not Specified 6.8E-05 0.192 NA NA GW-9 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 39.6 49.8 44.7 Packer Not Specified 9.0E-05 0.255 NA NA GW-9 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 30.4 40.6 35.5 Packer Not Specified 7.9E-04 2.25 NA NA 2.3-A-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 2 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-9 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20.5 30.7 25.6 Packer Not Specified 2.8E-04 0.795 NA NA GW-10 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 9.6 15 12.3 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 8.0E-05 0.222 NA NA GW-11 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 27.8 39.5 33.7 Packer Not Specified 2.4E-04 0.685 NA NA GW-11 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 19.7 31.4 25.6 Packer Not Specified 4.6E-04 1.29 NA NA GW-11 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 48.7 60.8 54.8 Packer Not Specified 5.0E-05 0.137 NA NA GW-11 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 39 50.8 44.9 Packer Not Specified 4.2E-05 0.118 NA NA GW-12 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 8.7 14.7 11.7 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 3.4E-05 0.096 NA NA GW-13 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 6 14 10 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 3.3E-05 0.093 NA NA GW-13 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 22.5 33.9 28.2 Packer Not Specified 5.8E-04 1.64 NA NA GW-13 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 15.6 27.4 21.5 Packer Not Specified 6.0E-04 1.7 NA NA GW-43 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 28.6 35 31.8 Bailer-Rec Not Specified 5.0E-05 0.14 NA NA GW-44 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27.1 38.7 32.9 Packer Not Specified 1.3E-04 0.381 NA NA GW-44 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 58 64 61 Packer Not Specified 2.1E-05 0.06 NA NA GW-44 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 47.5 64 55.8 Packer Not Specified 6.3E-05 0.178 NA NA GW-44 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 47.6 64 55.8 Packer Not Specified 1.8E-04 0.521 NA NA GW-44 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 35.3 46.9 41.1 Packer Not Specified 8.7E-05 0.247 NA NA GW-58 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 21.5 33.2 27.4 Packer Not Specified 3.7E-04 1.036 NA NA GW-58 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 30.2 41.9 36.1 Packer Not Specified 2.0E-03 5.81 NA NA GW-59 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 18.2 27 22.6 Packer Not Specified 4.1E-03 11.63 NA NA GW-62 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 22.5 32.5 27.5 Packer Not Specified 3.3E-03 9.3 NA NA GW-62 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 34 44 39 Packer Not Specified 8.9E-05 0.252 NA NA GW-62 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 44 54 49 Packer Not Specified 4.6E-05 0.129 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 120 147 133.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 4.6E-04 1.3 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 240 267 253.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.3E-03 3.67 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 290 317 303.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.0E-08 0.0002 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 370 397 383.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 4.4E-05 0.124 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 450 477 463.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.9E-04 0.544 NA NA GW-131 A Knox Group Knox 490 517 503.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.1E-06 0.003 NA NA GW-131 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 665 692 678.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.0E-05 0.029 NA NA GW-131 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 765 792 778.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-06 0.01 NA NA GW-131 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 892 919 905.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.0E-08 0.0002 NA NA GW-131 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 988 1015 1001.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.3E-04 0.932 NA NA GW-132 A Friendship Formation Conasauga 145 172 158.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.1E-08 0.00003 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 305 332 318.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-06 0.01 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 347 374 360.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-06 0.01 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 490 517 503.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.1E-06 0.006 NA NA 2.3-A-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 3 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 557 584 570.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.5E-05 0.042 NA NA GW-132 A Rome Formation Rome 642 669 655.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.9E-04 1.1 NA NA GW-132 A Rome Formation Rome 690 717 703.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.2E-07 0.0009 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 105 132 118.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.1E-07 0.0003 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 148 175 161.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.1E-06 0.003 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 230 257 243.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.8E-07 0.0005 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 305 332 318.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.4E-06 0.004 NA NA GW-133 A Rogersville Shale Conasauga 428 455 441.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.1E-07 0.002 NA NA GW-133 A Friendship Formation Conasauga 543 570 556.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.1E-07 0.0006 NA NA GW-134 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 75 102 88.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.4E-04 0.67 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 173 200 186.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.8E-06 0.008 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 270 297 283.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.8E-06 0.005 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 360 387 373.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 450 477 463.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.2E-07 0.0009 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 560 587 573.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-134 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 730 757 743.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.1E-07 0.002 NA NA GW-134 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 793 820 806.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.4E-07 0.0004 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 190 217 203.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 5.6E-06 0.016 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 324 351 337.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.2E-05 0.203 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 397 425 411 Packer Homer Semi-Log 9.6E-05 0.272 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 446 473 459.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.8E-05 0.222 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 588 615 601.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-06 0.01 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 710 737 723.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.8E-06 0.005 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 832 859 845.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.8E-05 0.052 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 945 972 958.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.5E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 990 1017 1003.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.5E-06 0.007 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 1124 1151 1137.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.5E-04 0.411 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 1185 1212 1198.5 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.5E-06 0.007 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 145 157 151 Packer Homer Semi-Log 8.5E-05 0.24 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 215 227 221 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.8E-04 0.502 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 265 277 271 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.1E-03 3.03 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 282 294 288 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.0E-04 0.561 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 314 326 320 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.2E-06 0.009 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 326 338 332 Packer Homer Semi-Log 3.1E-04 0.89 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 344 356 350 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.1E-08 0.0002 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 392 404 398 Packer Homer Semi-Log 2.8E-07 0.0008 NA NA GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 432 444 438 Packer Homer Semi-Log 7.4E-05 0.209 NA NA 2.3-A-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 4 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-157 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 468 480 474 Packer Homer Semi-Log 1.5E-04 0.417 NA NA GW-456(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 9.2E-04 2.6 180 0.0021 GW-457(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 1.2E-04 0.34 24 0.00046 GW-458(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 1.1E-04 0.31 13 0.00088 GW-459(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 2.5E-03 7.1 530 0.0048 GW-460(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 3.3E-04 0.96 61 0.0013 GW-461(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 9.9E-04 2.8 138 0.0018 GW-462(1) A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 5.6E-05 0.16 17 NA GW-427 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 38 48 43 Pump Theis 3.5E-02 99 7690 0.000056 GW-428(1) A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 1.6E-02 45 NA NA GW-463 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 45.8 55.8 50.8 Pump Theis 8.1E-03 23 950 0.0004 GW-464(1) A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Pump Theis 7.4E-03 21 1037 0.00083 GW-465 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 31 41 36 Pump Theis 2.2E-03 6.2 372 0.0023 GW-466 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 32 42 37 Pump Theis 5.3E-03 15 631 0.00046 GW-467 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 38.5 58.5 48.5 Pump Theis 7.4E-03 21 NA NA 1063 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 12 0.00024 1062/OB-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 68 0.0066 1061/OB-5 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 51 0.0041 1060/OB-8 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 38 0.0006 1059/OB-1 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 19 NA 1058/OB-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 18 0.00013 1057/OB-7 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 17 0.00019 1056/OB-2 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 18 0.00025 1055/OB-6 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis NA NA 25 0.0007 1002/AP-2 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 35 45 40 Slug Not Specified 7.3E-04 2.08 NA NA 1003/AP-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 27 37 32 Slug Not Specified 9.4E-05 0.266 NA NA 1027/BG-1 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 20 30 25 Packer Not Specified 1.0E-04 0.296 NA NA 1027/BG-1 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 30 40 35 Packer Not Specified 6.7E-04 1.9 NA NA 1027/BG-1 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 40 50 45 Packer Not Specified 1.3E-04 0.381 NA NA 1032/BG-6 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 43 53 48 Slug Not Specified 2.3E-04 0.66 NA NA 1032/BG-6 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 43 53 48 Slug Not Specified 1.8E-04 0.507 NA NA 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 20 30 25 Packer Not Specified 2.3E-05 0.066 NA NA 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 30 40 35 Packer Not Specified 1.2E-04 0.334 NA NA 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 35 45 40 Packer Not Specified 9.8E-05 0.279 NA NA 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 35 45 40 Packer Not Specified 1.2E-04 0.331 NA NA 2.3-A-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 5 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 40 50 45 Packer Not Specified 1.2E-04 0.331 NA NA 1035/BG-9 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 40 50 45 Packer Not Specified 1.0E-04 0.29 NA NA 1051/OD-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 18 28 23 Slug Not Specified 6.0E-04 1.69 NA NA 1051/OD-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 18 28 23 Slug Not Specified 3.7E-04 1.06 NA NA 1095/SD-1 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 108 118 113 Slug Not Specified 3.1E-04 0.874 NA NA 1055/OB-6 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 1.9E-04 0.54 10 0.0009 1056/OB-2 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 1.7E-04 0.48 16.7 0.0072 1057/OB-7 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 9.4E-04 2.66 4.7 0.00041 1058/OB-3 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 4.9E-05 0.14 NA 0.00053 1059/OB-1 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 1.7E-04 0.48 32.2 0.0013 1060/OB-8 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 9.2E-04 2.6 20.7 0.0017 1061/OB-5 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 1.3E-03 3.67 NA 0.0047 1062/OB-4 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 20 70 45 Pump Theis 8.6E-04 2.44 39.4 0.0054 1044/BG18 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 100 160 130 Pump Hantush NA NA 16 NA 1031/BG8 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 37 47 42 Pump Hantush 1.1E-07 0.0003 41 0.0003 1034/BG5 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 35 45 40 Pump Hantush 3.2E-09 0.000009 20 0.000009 GW-104 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 51 74 62.5 Pump Jacob NA NA 37 NA GW-245 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 30 75 52.5 Pump Theis NA NA 13.4 NA GW-246 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 30 75 52.5 Pump Theis NA NA 28 0.001 GW-247 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 30 75 52.5 Pump Theis NA NA 16 0.0004 GW-122 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 92 142 117 Not Specified Not Specified 9.7E-06 0.0274 NA NA GW-120 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 130 180 155 Not Specified Not Specified 1.9E-06 0.0055 NA NA GW-117 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 480 530 505 Not Specified Not Specified 7.1E-08 0.0002 NA NA GW-123 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 525 575 550 Not Specified Not Specified 1.8E-08 0.00005 NA NA GW-473 A Not Specified Not Specified 30 45 37.5 Pump Chow 7.0E-05 0.1984 NA NA GW-132 A Friendship Formation Conasauga 850 Not Specified 850 Packer Not Specified 1.02E-06 0.0029 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 720 Not Specified 720 Packer Not Specified 3.75E-06 0.0106 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 650 Not Specified 650 Packer Not Specified 4.04E-06 0.0115 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 520 Not Specified 520 Packer Not Specified 1.99E-06 0.0056 NA NA GW-132 A Pumpkin Valley Shale Conasauga 450 Not Specified 450 Packer Not Specified 1.47E-05 0.0417 NA NA GW-132 A Rome Formation Rome 380 Not Specified 380 Packer Not Specified 4.08E-04 1.1565 NA NA GW-132 A Rome Formation Rome 320 Not Specified 320 Packer Not Specified 3.05E-07 0.0009 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 920 Not Specified 920 Packer Not Specified 1.0E-07 0.0003 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 850 Not Specified 850 Packer Not Specified 1.07E-06 0.003 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 760 Not Specified 760 Packer Not Specified 1.7E-07 0.0005 NA NA GW-133 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 680 Not Specified 680 Packer Not Specified 1.49E-06 0.0042 NA NA 2.3-A-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 6 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-133 A Rogersville Shale Conasauga 550 Not Specified 550 Packer Not Specified 6.42E-07 0.0018 NA NA GW-133 A Friendship Formation Conasauga 450 Not Specified 450 Packer Not Specified 1.98E-07 0.0006 NA NA GW-134 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 920 Not Specified 920 Packer Not Specified 2.37E-04 0.6718 NA NA GW-134 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 800 Not Specified 800 Packer Not Specified 2.87E-06 0.0081 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 650 Not Specified 650 Packer Not Specified 1.74E-06 0.0049 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 560 Not Specified 560 Packer Not Specified 5.14E-06 0.0145 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 500 Not Specified 500 Packer Not Specified 3.17E-07 0.0009 NA NA GW-134 A Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 400 Not Specified 400 Packer Not Specified 4.26E-07 0.0012 NA NA GW-134 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 240 Not Specified 240 Packer Not Specified 5.55E-07 0.0016 NA NA GW-134 A Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 200 Not Specified 200 Packer Not Specified 1.33E-07 0.0004 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 950 Not Specified 950 Packer Not Specified 5.49E-06 0.0156 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 820 Not Specified 820 Packer Not Specified 7.15E-05 0.2027 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 750 Not Specified 750 Packer Not Specified 9.61E-05 0.2724 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 700 Not Specified 700 Packer Not Specified 7.84E-05 0.2222 NA NA GW-135 A Knox undifferentiated Knox 550 Not Specified 550 Packer Not Specified 3.55E-06 0.0101 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 400 Not Specified 400 Packer Not Specified 1.69E-04 0.0048 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 300 Not Specified 300 Packer Not Specified 1.83E-05 0.0519 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 150 Not Specified 150 Packer Not Specified 4.30E-07 0.0012 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 100 Not Specified 100 Packer Not Specified 2.30E-06 0.0065 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 50 Not Specified 50 Packer Not Specified 1.45E-04 0.411 NA NA GW-135 A Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 100 Not Specified 100 Packer Not Specified 2.55E-06 0.0072 NA NA 458 B Not Specified Conasauga 150 203 176.5 Slug Not Specified 1.06E-05 0.03 1.6 1.50E-08 458 B Not Specified Conasauga 190 203 196.5 Slug Not Specified 1.06E-05 0.03 0.3 1.60E-12 458 B Not Specified Conasauga 150 203 176.5 Pump Not Specified 1.06E-05 0.03 1.6 1.60E-05 459 B Not Specified Conasauga 100 150 125 Slug Not Specified 7.06E-08 0.0002 0.011 1.60E-04 459 B Not Specified Conasauga 136 150 143 Slug Not Specified 2.86E-05 0.081 1.1 1.60E-05 460 B Not Specified Conasauga 44 100 72 Slug Not Specified 7.06E-06 0.020 1.4 1.60E-04 460 B Not Specified Conasauga 84 100 92 Slug Not Specified 5.29E-06 0.015 0.2 1.40E-04 460 B Not Specified Conasauga 44 100 72 Pump Not Specified 1.06E-05 0.03 1.6 7.50E-04 439 B Not Specified Conasauga 24 34 29 Slug Not Specified 2.05E-04 0.58 NA NA 440 B Not Specified Conasauga 26 36 31 Slug Not Specified 1.87E-05 0.053 NA NA 472 B Not Specified Conasauga 15 20 17.5 Slug Not Specified 1.16E-04 0.33 NA NA 464 B Not Specified Conasauga 6 11 8.5 Slug Not Specified 2.68E-04 0.76 NA NA 468 B Not Specified Conasauga 10 15 12.5 Slug Not Specified 1.73E-04 0.49 NA NA OMW-01A C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 210 258 234 Slug Bouwer-Rice 1.05E-05 0.03 NA NA OMW-01AA C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 120 170 145 Slug Bouwer-Rice 8.91E-06 0.025 NA NA 2.3-A-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 7 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d OMW-02A C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 200 250 225 Slug Bouwer-Rice 1.20E-05 0.034 NA NA OMW-02AA C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 120 170 145 Slug Bouwer-Rice 1.49E-05 0.042 NA NA OMW-02B C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 300 350 325 Slug Bouwer-Rice 9.84E-06 0.028 NA NA OMW-03A C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 60 120 90 Slug Bouwer-Rice 2.46E-04 0.697 NA NA OMW-03B(2) C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 152.7 177.7 165.2 Slug Bouwer-Rice 4.12E-05 0.117 NA NA OMW-04A(2) C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 30 90 60 Slug Bouwer-Rice 5.81E-04 1.646 NA NA OMW-04B C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 119 164 141.5 Slug Bouwer-Rice 4.40E-06 0.012 NA NA OMW-04C C Not Specified Conasauga(6) 182.7 217.7 200.2 Slug Bouwer-Rice 1.58E-04 0.448 NA NA 7-1(3) D Not Specified Conasauga 60 120 90 Slug Hvorslev 3.86E-06 0.011 NA NA 7-2(3) D Not Specified Conasauga 35 95 65 Slug Hvorslev 5.10E-05 0.145 NA NA 7-3 D Not Specified Conasauga 68 88 78 Slug Hvorslev 2.98E-04 0.845 NA NA 7-4 D Not Specified Conasauga 70 90 80 Slug Hvorslev 1.05E-05 0.030 NA NA 7-5 D Not Specified Conasauga 76 95 85.5 Slug Hvorslev 3.84E-05 0.109 NA NA 7-7 D Not Specified Conasauga 18 28 23 Slug Hvorslev 1.12E-04 0.317 NA NA 7-8 D Not Specified Conasauga 20 30 25 Slug Hvorslev 2.29E-05 0.065 NA NA 7-9 D Not Specified Conasauga 20 30 25 Slug Hvorslev 6.59E-05 0.187 NA NA 7-11(3) D Not Specified Conasauga 38 86 62 Slug Hvorslev 1.42E-05 0.040 NA NA 7-12 D Not Specified Conasauga 60 70 65 Slug Hvorslev 1.13E-06 0.003 NA NA 7-13(3) D Not Specified Conasauga 10 28 19 Slug Hvorslev 1.47E-04 0.417 NA NA 7-14 D Not Specified Conasauga 60 70 65 Slug Hvorslev 8.21E-06 0.023 NA NA ETF-1 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 24.8 28.7 26.7 Slug/Pump Hvorslev 3.10E-04 0.879 24.6 5.12E-04 ETF-2 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27.9 31.8 29.8 Slug Hvorslev 2.30E-05 0.065 NA NA ETF-3 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.9 30.8 28.9 Slug/Pump Hvorslev 5.00E-05 0.142 67.6 0.01 ETF-4 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.8 30.8 28.8 Slug Hvorslev 1.30E-04 0.369 NA NA ETF-5 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.3 30.2 28.3 Slug Hvorslev 3.00E-04 0.850 NA NA ETF-6 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.2 30.1 28.1 Slug Hvorslev 3.90E-04 1.106 NA NA ETF-7 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.5 30.4 28.4 Slug Hvorslev 2.00E-04 0.567 NA NA ETF-8 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 25.8 29.8 27.8 Slug/Pump Hvorslev 3.10E-04 0.879 58 0.03 ETF-9 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27 30.9 28.9 Slug/Pump Hvorslev 5.10E-05 0.145 19.4 0.01 ETF-10 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27.1 31.1 29.1 Pump Theis NA NA 27 3.34E-04 ETF-11 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 41.7 49.6 45.6 Slug Hvorslev 2.40E-04 0.680 NA NA ETF-12 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 42.2 50.1 46.2 Slug Hvorslev 4.10E-04 1.162 NA NA ETF-13 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 240.9 250.7 245.8 Slug Hvorslev 1.70E-05 0.048 NA NA ETF-14 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 84.7 94.6 89.7 Slug Hvorslev 2.30E-05 0.065 NA NA ETF-15 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 36.9 46.8 41.8 Slug Hvorslev 6.60E-06 0.019 NA NA ETF-16 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 234.6 244.5 239.6 Slug Hvorslev 2.90E-05 0.082 NA NA 2.3-A-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 8 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d ETF-17 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 12.8 18.7 15.8 Slug Hvorslev 9.60E-06 0.027 NA NA ETF-20 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.9 21.8 18.9 Slug Hvorslev 2.30E-04 0.652 NA NA ETF-21 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.5 20.4 17.5 Slug Hvorslev 1.10E-05 0.031 NA NA ETF-22 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 16.6 22.5 19.6 Slug Hvorslev 4.50E-05 0.128 NA NA ETF-23 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.4 20.3 17.4 Slug Hvorslev 6.00E-05 0.170 NA NA ETF-24 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.7 21.7 18.7 Slug Hvorslev 6.00E-04 1.701 NA NA ETF-25 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.7 21.6 18.6 Slug Hvorslev 7.60E-05 0.215 NA NA ETF-26 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.3 21.2 18.2 Slug Hvorslev 4.70E-05 0.133 NA NA ETF-27 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.5 20.4 17.5 Slug Hvorslev 2.20E-05 0.062 NA NA ETF-28 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.4 20.3 17.4 Slug Hvorslev 9.20E-06 0.026 NA NA ETF-29 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.8 20.7 17.8 Slug Hvorslev 2.20E-05 0.062 NA NA ETF-31 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 11.4 17.3 14.3 Slug Hvorslev 2.40E-05 0.068 NA NA ETF-32 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 13.9 19.8 16.9 Slug Hvorslev 2.90E-05 0.082 NA NA ETF-33 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.1 20 17.1 Slug Hvorslev 2.38E-03 6.746 NA NA ETF-34 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 16 21.9 19.0 Slug Hvorslev 2.10E-05 0.060 NA NA ETF-35 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.7 20.6 17.7 Slug Hvorslev 1.50E-05 0.043 NA NA ETF-36 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.3 21.2 18.2 Slug Hvorslev 3.00E-05 0.085 NA NA ETF-37 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 15.5 21.4 18.5 Slug Hvorslev 7.90E-05 0.224 NA NA ETF-38 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 16.1 22 19.1 Slug Hvorslev 9.70E-05 0.275 NA NA ETF-39 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 16.3 22.2 19.2 Slug Hvorslev 4.30E-05 0.122 NA NA ETF-40 E Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 14.8 20.7 17.7 Slug Hvorslev 5.60E-05 0.159 NA NA 668 F Not Specified Conasauga 11 13 12.0 Injection Not Specified 5.21E-05 0.148 0.301 NA 668 F Not Specified Conasauga 13 15 14.0 Injection Not Specified 1.40E-06 0.004 0.080 NA 669 F Not Specified Conasauga 7.5 8.5 8.0 Injection Not Specified 9.84E-05 0.279 0.28 NA 739 F Not Specified Conasauga 25 27.5 26.3 Injection Not Specified 4.75E-04 1.345 3.34 NA 741 F Not Specified Conasauga 15 21 18.0 Injection Not Specified 2.31E-04 0.656 3.98 NA 747 F Not Specified Conasauga 16 24 20.0 Injection Not Specified 3.82E-05 0.108 0.872 NA 748 F Not Specified Conasauga 14.5 23.5 19.0 Injection Not Specified 5.09E-05 0.144 1.292 NA 749 F Not Specified Conasauga 14 16 15.0 Injection Not Specified 1.97E-05 0.056 0.118 NA 749 F Not Specified Conasauga 18 21 19.5 Injection Not Specified 7.64E-05 0.217 0.646 NA 756 F Not Specified Conasauga 18 20.5 19.3 Injection Not Specified 2.55E-03 7.218 18.3 NA 757 F Not Specified Conasauga 12 16 14.0 Injection Not Specified 2.78E-05 0.079 0.312 NA 757 F Not Specified Conasauga 16 22 19.0 Injection Not Specified 6.94E-05 0.197 1.184 NA 758 F Not Specified Conasauga 14 23 18.5 Injection Not Specified 9.72E-06 0.028 0.248 NA 759 F Not Specified Conasauga 14 15.5 14.8 Injection Not Specified 4.05E-04 1.148 1.722 NA 759 F Not Specified Conasauga 20 23 21.5 Injection Not Specified 1.74E-04 0.492 1.507 NA 2.3-A-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 9 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d 760 F Not Specified Conasauga 14 23 18.5 Injection Not Specified 6.37E-05 0.180 1.615 NA 766 F Not Specified Conasauga 10 13.5 11.8 Injection Not Specified 2.20E-04 0.623 2.153 NA 767 F Not Specified Conasauga 38 40 39.0 Injection Not Specified 5.09E-05 0.144 0.291 NA 768 F Not Specified Conasauga 7 15 11.0 Injection Not Specified 1.09E-05 0.031 0.248 NA 774 F Not Specified Conasauga 8 10 9.0 Injection Not Specified 6.83E-03 19.357 38.75 NA 775 F Not Specified Conasauga 39 40 39.5 Injection Not Specified 2.89E-04 0.820 0.818 NA 775 F Not Specified Conasauga 40 42 41.0 Injection Not Specified 8.45E-05 0.240 0.474 NA 777 F Not Specified Conasauga 37 38 37.5 Injection Not Specified 3.59E-05 0.102 0.103 NA 779 F Not Specified Conasauga 39 41 40.0 Injection Not Specified 3.36E-04 0.951 1.938 NA 779 F Not Specified Conasauga 41 43 42.0 Injection Not Specified 7.99E-05 0.226 0.452 NA 781 F Not Specified Conasauga 29 33 31.0 Injection Not Specified 3.70E-05 0.105 0.431 NA 781 F Not Specified Conasauga 33 35 34.0 Injection Not Specified 2.66E-04 0.755 1.507 NA 782 F Not Specified Conasauga 12 14 13 Injection Not Specified 5.90E-04 1.673 3.552 NA 783 F Not Specified Conasauga 28 29 28.5 Injection Not Specified 4.51E-04 1.28 1.292 NA 904 F Not Specified Conasauga 41 44 42.5 Injection Not Specified 1.62E-03 4.593 13.993 NA 905 F Not Specified Conasauga 36 37.5 36.8 Injection Not Specified 2.78E-04 0.787 1.184 NA 1118 F Not Specified Conasauga 8 12 10 Injection Not Specified 6.60E-05 0.187 0.743 NA 1119 F Not Specified Conasauga 24.5 27 25.8 Injection Not Specified 2.55E-04 0.722 1.830 NA 1119 F Not Specified Conasauga 30.5 33 31.8 Injection Not Specified 1.74E-04 0.492 1.184 NA 1121 F Not Specified Conasauga 8.5 9.5 9 Injection Not Specified 7.18E-04 2.034 2.045 NA 1121 F Not Specified Conasauga 9.5 11.5 10.5 Injection Not Specified 2.20E-04 0.623 1.184 NA 1122 F Not Specified Conasauga 38 41 39.5 Injection Not Specified 3.36E-05 0.095 0.280 NA 1122 F Not Specified Conasauga 41 42.5 41.8 Injection Not Specified 2.08E-04 0.591 0.883 NA 1122 F Not Specified Conasauga 44 46 45 Injection Not Specified 4.17E-05 0.118 0.237 NA 1126 F Not Specified Conasauga 48 49.5 48.8 Injection Not Specified 8.91E-04 2.526 3.767 NA 1126 F Not Specified Conasauga 56 57 56.5 Injection Not Specified 3.36E-04 0.951 0.947 NA 1127 F Not Specified Conasauga 17.5 19 18.3 Injection Not Specified 3.24E-04 0.919 1.399 NA 1127 F Not Specified Conasauga 20.2 21 20.6 Injection Not Specified 5.21E-04 1.476 1.184 NA 1128 F Not Specified Conasauga 46 52 49.0 Injection Not Specified 6.13E-05 0.174 1.055 NA 1128 F Not Specified Conasauga 56 57 56.5 Injection Not Specified 4.63E-05 0.131 0.129 NA 1129 F Not Specified Conasauga 32 33 32.5 Injection Not Specified 6.25E-05 0.177 0.172 NA 1129 F Not Specified Conasauga 35.5 36.5 36 Injection Not Specified 2.20E-04 0.623 0.614 NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 26.5 38.5 32.5 Packer Multiple 1.90E-05 0.054 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 38 50 44 Packer Multiple 9.40E-06 0.027 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 50 62 56 Packer Multiple 9.36E-06 0.027 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 62 74 68 Packer Multiple 7.00E-06 0.020 NA NA 2.3-A-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 10 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 74 86 80 Packer Multiple 4.30E-05 0.122 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 86 98 92 Packer Multiple 5.42E-06 0.015 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 98 110 104 Packer Multiple 6.57E-05 0.186 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 110 122 116 Packer Multiple 1.72E-04 0.488 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 122 134 128 Packer Multiple 2.90E-05 0.082 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 134 146 140 Packer Multiple 5.86E-05 0.166 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 146 158 152 Packer Multiple 5.44E-06 0.015 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 158 170 164 Packer Multiple 4.07E-05 0.115 NA NA GW-404(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 170 182 176 Packer Multiple 2.77E-06 0.008 NA NA GW-455(2) G Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 65 87 76 Packer Multiple 6.47E-05 0.183 NA NA GW-455(2) G Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 87 109 98 Packer Multiple 1.60E-05 0.045 NA NA Dismal Gap Formation/

GW-455(2) G Conasauga 109 131 120 Packer Multiple 4.64E-07 0.001 NA NA Nolichucky Shale GW-455(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 138 160 149 Packer Multiple 2.61E-05 0.074 NA NA GW-455(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 152.8 174.8 163.8 Packer Multiple 6.41E-05 0.182 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 33 45 39 Packer Multiple 3.09E-04 0.876 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 45 57 51 Packer Multiple 2.29E-04 0.649 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 57 69 63 Packer Multiple 4.61E-05 0.131 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 69 81 75 Packer Multiple 5.80E-06 0.016 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 81 93 87 Packer Multiple 5.39E-06 0.015 NA NA GW-471(2) G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 84.4 96.4 90.4 Packer Multiple 7.10E-05 0.201 NA NA GW-403 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 306 328 317 Packer Multiple 4.90E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-403 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 387 409 398 Packer Multiple 1.37E-07 0.0004 NA NA GW-455 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 157.7 185.8 171.8 Slug Hvorslev 4.57E-05 0.130 NA NA GW-471 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 89.7 103.4 96.6 Slug Hvorslev 1.18E-06 0.003 NA NA GW-473 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 68.4 94.4 81.4 Slug Hvorslev 3.93E-05 0.111 NA NA GW-474 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27.9 45.1 36.5 Slug Hvorslev 3.33E-05 0.094 NA NA GW-475A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 86.4 99.7 93.1 Slug Hvorslev 7.85E-07 0.002 NA NA GW-475B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 49.9 62.9 56.4 Slug Hvorslev 6.96E-05 0.197 NA NA GW-476A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 69.9 83 76.5 Slug Hvorslev 6.61E-06 0.019 NA NA GW-476B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 36.9 49.4 43.2 Slug Hvorslev 7.96E-05 0.226 NA NA GW-477A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 54.7 68.7 61.7 Slug Hvorslev 1.37E-05 0.039 NA NA GW-477B G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 22.3 34.9 28.6 Slug Hvorslev 1.12E-05 0.032 NA NA GW-478A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 66.9 81.3 74.1 Slug Hvorslev 9.81E-06 0.028 NA NA GW-478B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 35.2 47.2 41.2 Slug Hvorslev 2.35E-05 0.067 NA NA GW-480A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 33.6 37.6 35.6 Slug Hvorslev 2.86E-06 0.008 NA NA 2.3-A-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 11 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-480B G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 28.6 32.6 30.6 Slug Hvorslev 5.23E-06 0.015 NA NA GW-481A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 31.4 35.1 33.3 Slug Hvorslev 1.81E-04 0.513 NA NA GW-481B G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 28.6 32.6 30.6 Slug Hvorslev 6.76E-06 0.019 NA NA GW-482A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 32.7 36.7 34.7 Slug Hvorslev 1.82E-06 0.005 NA NA GW-482B G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 26.2 30.2 28.2 Slug Hvorslev 2.29E-05 0.065 NA NA GW-483 G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 18.4 28 23.2 Slug Hvorslev 3.27E-05 0.093 NA NA GW-474 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 27.9 45.1 36.5 Pump Multiple 2.66E-05 0.075 2.26 NA GW-475B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 49.9 62.9 56.4 Pump Multiple 2.88E-05 0.082 2.45 1.35E-04 GW-476B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 36.9 49.4 43.2 Pump Multiple 6.47E-05 0.183 5.50 2.38E-04 GW-477B G Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 22.3 34.9 28.6 Pump Multiple 7.48E-05 0.212 6.36 7.92E-04 GW-478B G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 35.2 47.2 41.2 Pump Multiple 3.54E-05 0.100 3.01 1.64E-04 GW-471 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 89.7 105.6 97.7 Pump Multiple 1.28E-05 0.036 0.72 1.47E-04 GW-473 G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 68.4 94.4 81.4 Pump Multiple 1.01E-05 0.029 0.57 NA GW-475A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 86.4 99.7 93.1 Pump Multiple 1.23E-05 0.035 0.70 1.65E-03 GW-476A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 69.9 83 76.5 Pump Multiple 1.14E-05 0.032 0.65 3.60E-05 GW-477A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 54.7 68.7 61.7 Pump Multiple 1.63E-05 0.046 0.92 1.51E-04 GW-478A G Dismal Gap Formation Conasauga 67.9 81.3 74.6 Pump Multiple 1.00E-05 0.028 0.57 1.62E-04 GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 53 80 66.5 Packer Log-Log 6.10E-06 0.173 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 113 140 126.5 Packer Log-Log 4.40E-06 0.012 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 175 202 188.5 Packer Log-Log 4.50E-06 0.013 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 216 243 229.5 Packer Log-Log 1.50E-06 0.004 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 221 248 234.5 Packer Log-Log 2.80E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 283 310 296.5 Packer Log-Log 2.40E-05 0.068 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 288 315 301.5 Packer Log-Log 3.90E-05 0.111 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 420 447 433.5 Packer Log-Log 1.00E-05 0.028 NA NA GW-136 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 501 528 514.5 Packer Log-Log 4.20E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-137 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 337 364 350.5 Packer Log-Log 1.40E-04 0.397 NA NA GW-137 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 675 702 688.5 Packer Log-Log 1.30E-07 0.0004 NA NA GW-139 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 195 217 206.0 Packer Log-Log 5.90E-06 0.017 NA NA GW-139 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 300 322 311.0 Packer Log-Log 1.70E-06 0.005 NA NA GW-139 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 382 404 393.0 Packer Log-Log 2.70E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 125 147 136.0 Packer Log-Log 8.20E-06 0.023 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 244 266 255.0 Packer Log-Log 1.50E-06 0.004 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 266 288 277.0 Packer Log-Log 6.50E-06 0.018 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 317 339 328.0 Packer Log-Log 7.80E-07 0.002 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 386 408 397.0 Packer Log-Log 1.00E-05 0.028 NA NA 2.3-A-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 12 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 266 273 269.5 Packer Log-Log 9.50E-06 0.027 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 273 280 276.5 Packer Log-Log 5.30E-05 0.150 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 280 287 283.5 Packer Log-Log 3.00E-05 0.085 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 386 393 389.5 Packer Log-Log 1.60E-05 0.045 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 393 400 396.5 Packer Log-Log 2.70E-05 0.077 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 400 407 403.5 Packer Log-Log 4.80E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-401 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 448 455 451.5 Packer Log-Log 3.80E-05 0.108 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 110 137 123.5 Packer Log-Log 1.30E-05 0.037 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 150 177 163.5 Packer Log-Log 2.50E-05 0.071 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 192 219 205.5 Packer Log-Log 1.20E-06 0.003 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 243 270 256.5 Packer Log-Log 2.40E-06 0.007 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 270 297 283.5 Packer Log-Log 2.90E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 302 329 315.5 Packer Log-Log 4.60E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 333 360 346.5 Packer Log-Log 5.50E-08 0.0002 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 373 400 386.5 Packer Log-Log 1.20E-07 0.0003 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 403 430 416.5 Packer Log-Log 2.70E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 525 552 538.5 Packer Log-Log 2.00E-07 0.001 NA NA GW-402 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 559 586 572.5 Packer Log-Log 4.40E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-403 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 92 114 103 Packer Log-Log 1.60E-03 4.535 NA NA GW-403 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 160 182 171 Packer Log-Log 7.80E-06 0.022 NA NA GW-403 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 234 256 245 Packer Log-Log 9.10E-05 0.258 NA NA GW-403 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 275 297 286 Packer Log-Log 3.50E-05 0.099 NA NA GW-403 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 306 328 317 Packer Log-Log 4.90E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 109 131 120 Packer Log-Log 1.70E-05 0.048 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 138 160 149 Packer Log-Log 9.00E-05 0.255 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 210 232 221 Packer Log-Log 3.40E-06 0.010 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 279 301 290 Packer Log-Log 1.40E-06 0.004 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 355 377 366 Packer Log-Log 1.80E-05 0.051 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 413 435 424 Packer Log-Log 9.40E-09 0.00003 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 465 487 476 Packer Log-Log 1.00E-07 0.0003 NA NA GW-468 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 109 116 112.5 Packer Log-Log 4.40E-05 0.125 NA NA GW-134 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 173 200 186.5 Packer Not Specified 2.87E-06 0.0081 NA NA GW-134 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 270 297 283.5 Packer Not Specified 1.74E-06 0.0049 NA NA GW-134 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 360 387 373.5 Packer Not Specified 5.14E-08 0.0001 NA NA GW-134 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 450 477 463.5 Packer Not Specified 3.17E-07 0.0009 NA NA GW-134 H Nolichucky Shale Conasauga 560 587 573.5 Packer Not Specified 4.26E-07 0.0012 NA NA GW-381 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 46.3 60.4 53.4 Pump Theis 3.33E-03 9.45 2834.78 2.78E-03 2.3-A-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 13 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d GW-153 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 49.5 59.5 54.5 Pump Theis 1.08E-02 30.52 9156.35 6.00E-03 GW-223 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 80 90 85.0 Pump Theis 1.51E-03 4.28 1284.16 1.62E-03 GW-151 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 86 96 91.0 Pump Theis 7.94E-04 2.25 674.68 4.72E-04 GW-750 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 61.2 72.7 67.0 Pump Theis 6.53E-04 1.85 555.62 1.93E-03 GW-735 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 67.9 78.1 73.0 Pump Theis 5.86E-04 1.66 498.92 1.50E-03 GW-734 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 59.4 Not Specified 59.4 Pump Theis 1.20E-03 3.40 1020.52 1.40E-03 GW-168 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 104 135.4 119.7 Pump Theis 2.65E-04 0.75 223.95 9.50E-05 GW-733 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 240.1 256.5 248.3 Pump Theis 1.48E-04 0.42 125.30 3.80E-04 GW-722 I Maynardville Limestone Conasauga 333 333 333.0 Pump Theis 9.17E-05 0.26 78.52 1.69E-05 4434 J Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 49.75(5) 83.35(5) 66.6(5) Slug Bouwer-Rice 4.57E-04 1.30 NA NA 4435 J Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 62.41(5) 79.9(5) 71.2(5) Slug Bouwer-Rice 7.70E-04 2.18 NA NA 4436 J Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 46.17(5) 65(5) 55.6(5) Slug Bouwer-Rice 5.83E-05 0.17 NA NA 4437 J Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 43.47(5) 63.77(5) 53.6(5) Slug Bouwer-Rice 8.33E-04 2.36 NA NA GW-838 J Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 19.12(5) 35.45(5) 27.3(5) Slug Bouwer-Rice 7.58E-04 2.15 NA NA BRW-115(2) K Not Specified Knox(6) 88.8 98.8 93.8 Slug Bouwer-Rice 1.08E-03 3.06 NA NA BRW-116(2) K Not Specified Knox(6) 45 55 50.0 Slug Bouwer-Rice 3.73E-03 10.56 NA NA BRW-117(2) K Not Specified Knox(6) 38.1 43.1 40.6 Slug Bouwer-Rice 2.35E-02 66.76 NA NA BRW-118(2) K Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 45 65 55.0 Slug Bouwer-Rice 6.48E-05 0.18 NA NA UA-1 L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 41.6 50.5 46.1 Slug Cooper 2.26E-05 0.064 0.57 NA UA-2 L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 142 169 155.5 Slug Cooper 3.88E-09 0.00001 0.0003 NA UB-1 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 25.9 35.5 30.7 Slug Cooper 1.48E-04 0.420 4 NA UB-2 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 101 126.1 113.6 Slug Cooper 5.29E-07 0.002 0.037 NA UC-1 L Rome Formation(6) Rome(6) 77 86.2 81.6 Slug Cooper 9.17E-05 0.260 2.4 NA UC-2 L Not Specified Chickamauga(6) 188.2 206.7 197.5 Slug Cooper 8.11E-06 0.023 0.42 NA UD-2 L Pumpkin Valley Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 180 205 192.5 Slug Cooper 3.32E-09 0.00001 0.00023 NA UE-1 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 69.2 76.7 73.0 Slug Cooper 1.59E-04 0.450 3.4 NA UE-2 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 175.7 197.7 186.7 Slug Cooper 3.88E-08 0.0001 0.0023 NA UF-1 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 16.5 23.5 20.0 Slug Cooper 8.47E-04 2.400 17 NA UG-1 L Nolichucky Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 25 32 28.5 Slug Cooper 3.03E-04 0.860 6.1 NA UG-2 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 242 300 271.0 Slug Cooper 1.73E-09 0.000005 0.00028 NA UG-3 L Dismal Gap Formation(6) Conasauga(6) 180 200 190.0 Slug Cooper 1.09E-06 0.003 0.063 NA UH-1 L Nolichucky Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 19 26 22.5 Slug Cooper 1.06E-04 0.30 2.1 NA UH-2 L Nolichucky Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 231 288 259.5 Slug Cooper 3.53E-09 0.00001 0.00059 NA 2.3-A-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-A (Sheet 14 of 14)

A Selection of Oak Ridge Reservation Published Bedrock Aquifer Testing Results Hydraulic Hydraulic Trans- Storage Top Depth Bottom Interval Cond. Cond. missivity(4) Coefficient(4)

Data Depth Midpoint Test Interpretation Kavg Kavg Well Source Geologic Unit Group (ftbgs) (ftbgs) (ftbgs) Type Method cm/s ft/d ft2/d UI-1 L Nolichucky Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 18 25 21.5 Slug Cooper 2.65E-04 0.75 5.2 NA UI-2 L Nolichucky Shale(6) Conasauga(6) 188 210 199.0 Slug Cooper 5.29E-08 0.0002 0.0034 NA HHMS1B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 182.3 201.2 191.8 Slug Cooper 2.01E-05 0.057 1.1 NA HHMS1C L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 63.7 101 82.4 Slug Cooper 2.82E-05 0.08 3 NA HHMS2A L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 380 400.6 390.3 Slug Cooper 1.38E-07 0.0004 0.008 NA HHMS2B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 180.6 200.6 190.6 Slug Cooper 2.29E-06 0.007 0.13 NA HHMS2C L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 62.3 81.1 71.7 Slug Cooper 1.34E-05 0.038 0.72 NA HHMS3A L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 380.5 399.1 389.8 Slug Cooper 1.90E-07 0.0005 0.01 NA HHMS3B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 189.7 211.6 200.7 Slug Cooper 2.36E-07 0.0007 0.0015 NA HHMS3C L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 62 80.6 71.3 Slug Cooper 1.48E-05 0.042 0.78 NA HHMS4B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 174.3 215.3 194.8 Slug Cooper 1.13E-05 0.032 1.3 NA HHMS5B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 196.1 219.5 207.8 Slug Cooper 4.23E-06 0.012 0.29 NA HHMS5C L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 42.1 63 52.6 Slug Cooper 5.64E-05 0.16 3.4 NA HHMS6B L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 145 165.4 155.2 Slug Cooper 5.64E-06 0.016 0.32 NA HHMS6C L Not Specified Conasauga(6) 40.8 60.8 50.8 Slug Cooper 4.59E-05 0.13 2.7 NA Notes: NA = Not Available Maryville Limestone has been re-designated Dismal Gap Formation and Rutledge Limestone has been re-designated Friendship Formation (1) Not included in analysis because depth information is missing (2) average of rising and falling tests or geometric mean of two interpretation methods (3) multiple zones screened (4) Where multiple aquifer pumping test interpretations are available, the method results are reported (5) Depths are relative to top of casing (6) Geologic unit and/or group estimated based on available geologic information Sources:

A (Reference 2.3-A-1), Table F.10 B (Reference 2.3-A-2)

C (Reference 2.3-A-3), Table D.1 D (Reference 2.3-A-4), Table 14 E (Reference 2.3-A-5), Tables 25 and 26 F (Reference 2.3-A-6), Table 2 G (Reference 2.3-A-7), Tables 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 8.1, 9.1, and 9.2 H (Reference 2.3-A-8), Tables A.1 and A.2 I (Reference 2.3-A-9), Table 4.2 J (Reference 2.3-A-10)

K (Reference 2.3-A-11), Appendix B L (Reference 2.3-A-12), Table 2 Repeated Test Results 2.3-A-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report REFERENCES Reference 2.3-A-1. Jacobs EM Team, "Feasibility Study for the Bear Creek Valley at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," DOE/OR/02-1525/V2&D2, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-AC05-93OR22028, November, 1997.

Reference 2.3-A-2. Webster, D. A. and Bradley, M. W., "Hydrology of the Melton Valley Radioactive-Waste Burial Grounds at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee," Open-File Report 87-686, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988.

Reference 2.3-A-3. Bechtel Jacobs Company, LLC, "Field Summary Report for Drilling and Installation of the Melton Valley Offsite Monitoring Wells, September 2009 to August 2010,"

BJC/OR-3483, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-AC05-98OR22700, September, 2010.

Reference 2.3-A-4. Rothschild, E. R., Huff, D. D., Haase, C. S., Clapp, R. B., Spalding, B. P.,

Farmer, C. D., and Farrow, N. D., "Geohydrologic Characterization of Proposed Solid Waste Storage Area (SWSA) 7," ORNL/TM-9314, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Defense Waste and Byproduct Management under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division, December, 1984.

Reference 2.3-A-5. Moore, G. K., "Quantification of Ground-Water Flow in Fractured Rock, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," Ground Water Vol. 35(No. 3), 1997.

Reference 2.3-A-6. Moore, G. K. and Young, S. C., "Identification of Groundwater-Producing Fractures by Using an Electromagnetic Borehole Flowmeter in Monitoring Wells on the Oak Ridge Reservation, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," ORNL/ER-91, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management under contract DE-AC05-840R21400, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division, March, 1992.

Reference 2.3-A-7. Golder Assoicates, Inc., "Contaminant Transport Model Validation, Geohydrologic Site Characterization, and Groundwater Flow Computer Model Application,"

ORNL/Sub/88-SA706/5/V1, Oak Ridge National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400, September, 1988.

Reference 2.3-A-8. Science Applications International Corporation, "Decision Document for Performing a Long-Term Pumping Test at the S-3 Site, Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," Y/ER-210, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management under contract DE-AC05-84OR21400, February, 1995.

Reference 2.3-A-9. Science Applications International Corporation, "East End VOC Plume Pump and Tracer Test Technical Memorandum," BJC/OR-103, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-AC05-98OR22700, August, 1998.

Reference 2.3-A-10. Jacobs EM Team, "Task Order 125 - Documentation Regarding Slug Test Data and Analysis, White Wing Scrap Yard and East Bear Creek Valley Sites Task 35H83125,"

JE/OR/97-01839, Memorandum for Steve Lampkins, September 29, 1997.

2.3-A-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.3-A-11. URS and CH2M Oak Ridge LLC, "Final Zone 1 Remedial Investigation and Feasibility Study for East Tennessee Technology Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee," DOE/OR/01-2561&D1, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management under contract DE-SC-0004645, March, 2012.

Reference 2.3-A-12. Tucci, P., "Hydrology of Melton Valley at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee," U.S. Geological Survey, Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4131, 1992.

2.3-A-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report APPENDIX 2.3-B Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Packer Test Results 2.3-B-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 1 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft2/ Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) gpm-yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 10/2/1973 24 - 298 274 320 8.9 68.6 42 0.12 4.06E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/28/1973 30 - 298 268 325 10.1 64.7 51 0.14 4.93E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/28/1973 50 - 298 248 350 8.4 64.7 45 0.12 4.35E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/29/1973 70 - 298 228 380 8.6 99.4 33 0.09 3.19E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-26

--- 90 - 298 208 420 4.9 61.7 33 0.09 3.19E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/2/1973 110 - 298 188 450 5.5 67.1 37 0.10 3.57E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/2/1973 150 - 298 148 540 7.2 67.1 58 0.16 5.60E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 10/2/1973 220 - 298 78 920 6.9 67.1 95 0.26 9.18E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/8/1973 35 - 245 210 410 3.5 47.6 30 0.08 2.90E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/8/1973 60 - 245 185 460 2.8 47.6 27 0.07 2.61E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group B-27 11/8/1973 80 - 245 165 500 2.3 70.7 16 0.04 1.55E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/8/1973 100 - 245 145 550 1.1 70.7 9 0.02 8.69E-06 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/8/1973 120 - 245 125 620 0.8 70.7 7 0.02 6.76E-06 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 11/13/1973 16 - 25 9 5300 8.7 44.6 1040 2.85 1.00E-03 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/13/1973 19 - 28 9 5300 8.8 41.6 980(e) 2.68 9.47E-04 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-28 11/13/1973 27 - 36 9 5300 3.1 55.6 298(e) 0.82 2.88E-04 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/13/1973 50 - 271 221 390 0.47 65.1 2.8 0.01 2.70E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/13/1973 90 - 271 181 470 0.96 65.1 6.9 0.02 6.66E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/12/1973 30 - 335 305 290 2.5 61.1 11.9 0.03 1.15E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/12/1973 40 - 335 295 300 0.21 84.2 0.75 0.002 7.24E-07 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-29 11/12/1973 50 - 335 285 305 0.76 107.3 2.2 0.01 2.12E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/12/1973 80 - 335 255 340 4.45 130.4 11.6 0.03 1.12E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 2.3-B-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 2 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft2/gpm- Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 12/4/1973 11 - 20 9 5300 11.3 39.6 1510(e) 4.14 1.46E-03 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 12/5/1973 20 - 253.5 233.5 370 14.8 68.1 80 0.22 7.73E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-30 12/5/1973 65 - 253.5 188.5 450 9.9 68.1 65 0.18 6.28E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 12/5/1973 88 - 253.5 165.5 500 2.2 91.2 12 0.03 1.16E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 12/5/1973 144 - 253.5 139.5 560 0.5 91.2 3.1 0.01 2.99E-06 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/1/1973 82 - 91 9 5300 12.5 89.5 740 2.03 7.15E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/1/1973 92 - 101 9 5300 12 89.5 711 1.95 6.87E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group B-31 11/1/1973 101 - 110 9 5300 12 89.5 711 1.95 6.87E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 10/21/1973 110 - 252 142 560 1.8 89.5 112 0.31 1.08E-04 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/30/1973 45.5 - 54.5 9 5300 12.2 73.1 885 2.42 8.55E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 10/30/1973 54.5 - 63.5 9 5300 12.1 82.1 781 2.14 7.54E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 10/30/1973 56 - 65 9 5300 11.5 83.1 733 2.01 7.08E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 10/29/1973 92.5 - 248 155.5 520 6 84.1 37 0.10 3.57E-05 A.L.S./L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-34 10/29/1973 105 - 248 143 550 2 84.1 13 0.04 1.26E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/29/1973 130 - 248 118 660 1.8 84.1 14 0.04 1.35E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/29/1973 165 - 248 83 880 1.6 84.1 17 0.05 1.64E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/29/1973 172 - 248 76 950 4.5 84.1 51 0.14 4.93E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/27/1973 51.5 - 284 232.5 375 6.2 34.6 67 0.18 6.47E-05 A.L.S./L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/27/1973 95 - 284 189 450 4.9 41.6 53 0.15 5.12E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/26/1973 130 - 284 154 525 4.8 51.6 49 0.13 4.73E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-35 10/27/1973 169 - 284 115 670 3.3 51.6 42(e) 0.12 4.06E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/27/1973 218 - 284 66 1080 2.7 51.6 57 0.16 5.51E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group Chickamauga 10/27/1973 238 - 284 46 1450 2 74.7 39 0.11 3.77E-05 L.A.S.S./Knox Group/Knox Group 2.3-B-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 3 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft2/gpm- Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 11/1/1973 36.5 - 274.5 238 365 3.9 123.2 12 0.03 1.16E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/1/1973 50 - 274.5 244.5 385 4.4 123.2 14 0.04 1.35E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-36 11/1/1973 70 - 274.5 204.5 420 3.1 123.2 11 0.03 1.06E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/1/1973 90 - 274.5 184.5 460 2.6 123.2 10 0.03 9.66E-06 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/1/1973 110 - 274.5 164.5 500 3 123.2 12 0.03 1.16E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/4/1973 41 - 47.5 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group 10/4/1973 44.5 - 51 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group 10/3/1973 70 - 380.9 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group B-38 10/3/1973 100 - 380.9 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group 10/3/1973 140 - 380.9 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/3/1973 170 - 380.9 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 10/3/1973 190 - 380.9 -- -- 0 -- 0 0 0 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 11/9/1973 20 - 29 9 5300 4 87.8 242 0.66 2.34E-04 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 11/8/1973 28.5 - 329 300.5 290 7.5 64.7 33.5 0.09 3.24E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/8/1973 50 - 329 279 310 5.5 64.7 26.4 0.07 2.55E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-39 11/8/1973 65 - 329 264 330 5.1 64.7 26.0 0.07 2.51E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (f) 11/8/1973 85 - 329 244 360 1.03 87.6 4.2 0.01 4.06E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (f) 11/8/1973 85 - 329 244 360 2.32 110.9 7.5 0.02 7.24E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/25/1973 30 - 39 9 5300 9.8 59.6 871 2.39 8.41E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 9/25/1973 36 - 45 9 5300 5.8 65.6 471 1.29 4.55E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 9/25/1973 46 - 55 9 5300 9.1 75.6 637(e) 1.75 6.15E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group B-40 9/25/1973 57.5 - 66.5 9 5300 2.1 87.1 128 0.35 1.24E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 9/25/1973 68.5 - 77.5 9 5300 9.5 106.9 470 1.29 4.54E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 9/24/1973 81 - 90 9 5300 2 125.2 85 0.23 8.21E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 2.3-B-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 4 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft2/gpm- Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 9/24/1973 91 - 100 9 5300 0.5 102.1 26 0.07 2.51E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 9/24/1973 101 - 110 9 5300 2.1 105.1 108(e) 0.30 1.04E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 9/23/1973 110 - 314 204 420 5.5 124 19 0.05 1.84E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-40 9/23/1973 140 - 314 174 480 6.1 101.6 29 0.08 2.80E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/23/1973 184 - 314 130 600 6.1 101.1 36 0.10 3.48E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/23/1973 220 - 314 94 800 5.2 106.1 39 0.11 3.77E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/23/1973 259.5 - 314 54.5 1250 3.2 106.1 38 0.10 3.67E-05 Knox Knox Group 11/5/1973 60 - 301.5 241.5 360 2.92 101.1 10 0.03 9.66E-06 B Chickamauga Group 11/5/1973 85 - 301.5 216.5 400 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group B-42 11/5/1973 140 - 301.5 161.5 500 1.22 101.1 6 0.02 5.80E-06 B/U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/5/1973 150 - 301.5 151.5 530 1.54 101.1 8 0.02 7.73E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/6/1973 30 - 78.9 48.9 1380 6.24 77.9 111 0.30 1.07E-04 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group B-46 11/6/1973 65 - 78.9 13.9 3900 0.15 101 6 0.02 5.80E-06 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 12/4/1973 83 - 92 9 5300 6 83.7 380 1.04 3.67E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 12/3/1973 89 - 98 9 5300 4.8 83.7 304 0.83 2.94E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 12/3/1973 98 - 107 9 5300 11.0 83.7 697 1.91 6.73E-04 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group B-47 11/30/1973 108 - 370 262 340 3.7 83.7 15 0.04 1.45E-05 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/30/1973 115 - 370 255 340 3.1 106.8 10 0.03 9.66E-06 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/30/1973 140 - 370 230 380 1.1 106.8 4 0.01 3.86E-06 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/30/1973 150 - 370 220 400 1.2 106.8 4 0.01 3.86E-06 L.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 9/20/1973 33 - 114 81 900 2.5 52.4 43 0.12 4.15E-05 B Chickamauga Group (e) 9/20/1973 43 - 114 71 1000 1.4 53.1 27 0.07 2.61E-05 B Chickamauga Group B-48

-- 56 - 114 58 1200 0.7 60.9 14 0.04 1.35E-05 B Chickamauga Group 9/17/1973 85 - 114 29 2000 0.5 68.6 15 0.04 1.45E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 2.3-B-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 5 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow 2 Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft /gpm- Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 11/7/1973 57.5 - 144 86.5 860 10.8 94.9 98 0.27 9.47E-05 B Chickamauga Group 11/7/1973 70 - 144 74 980 2.2 118 18 0.05 1.74E-05 B Chickamauga Group B-49 11/7/1973 85 - 144 59 -- 0 -- 0 0 0 B Chickamauga Group 11/6/1973 110 - 144 34 -- 0 -- 0 0 0 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group 11/2/1973 78 - 241 163 500 2.7 91.1 15 0.04 1.45E-05 B Chickamauga Group 11/2/1973 90 - 241 151 535 2.6 91.1 15 0.04 1.45E-05 B Chickamauga Group B-50 11/2/1973 100 - 241 141 560 2.6 91.1 16 0.04 1.55E-05 B Chickamauga Group 11/2/1973 201 - 241 40 1650 1.4 91.1 25 0.07 2.41E-05 U.A.S.S. Chickamauga Group (e) 11/20/1973 31 - 40 9 5300 1 60.6 91 0.25 8.79E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/20/1973 36.5 - 45.5 9 5300 0.46 66.1 37 0.10 3.57E-05 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/20/1973 45.5 - 54.5 9 5300 0.11 75.1 8 0.02 7.73E-06 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group B-51 11/20/1973 34.5 - 63.5 9 5300 17.2 82.1 1110 3.04 1.07E-03 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group 11/20/1973 83 - 338.5 255.5 340 2.67 105.2 9 0.02 8.69E-06 A.L.S. Chickamauga Group A.L.S./L.A.S.S 11/20/1973 100 - 338.5 238.5 365 1.86 105.2 6 0.02 5.80E-06 Chickamauga Group 11/29/1973 53 - 200 147 540 0.15 131.7 0.6 0.002 5.80E-07 Knox Knox Group B-53 11/29/1973 90 - 200 110 700 0.15 108.6 1 0.003 9.66E-07 Knox Knox Group 11/29/1973 37 - 101 64 1100 0.12 92.9 1.4 0.004 1.35E-06 Knox Knox Group B-66 11/29/1973 50 - 101 51 1350 0.08 92.9 1.2 0.003 1.16E-06 Knox Knox Group 11/29/1973 73 - 101 28 2200 0.12 92.9 2.8 0.01 2.70E-06 Knox Knox Group 11/17/1973 24 - 33 9 5300 0.08 76.3 5.6 0.02 5.41E-06 Knox Knox Group 11/17/1973 33 - 42 9 5300 0 -- 0 0 0 Knox Knox Group B-67 11/17/1973 42 - 51 9 5300 0 --- 0 0 0 Knox Knox Group (e) 11/17/1973 51 - 60 9 5300 9.1 59.7 807 2.21 7.79E-04 Knox Knox Group 2.3-B-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-B (Sheet 6 of 6)

Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project Investigation Packer Test Results Total Hydraulic Hydraulic Hydraulic Test Test Cp Flow Head Conductivity Conductivity Conductivity Geologic Boring Date Section Length (ft2/gpm- Q Geologic Strata(d)

H K(a) K(b) K(b) Horizon(c)

(ft bgs) (ft) yr) (gpm)

(ft) (ft/yr) (ft/d) (cm/s) 11/16/1973 40 - 100 60 1180 9.2 59.7 182 0.50 1.76E-04 Knox Knox Group B-67 11/15/1973 61 - 100 39 -- 0 -- 0 0 0 Knox Knox Group Notes:

Q K = Cp (a) H (b)

Hydraulic conductivity in ft/yr converted to ft/d by dividing by 365 and converted to cm/s by multiplying by 9.6590 x 10-7 (c)

Geologic Horizon from Table 24-17 of Reference U.A.S.S. = Upper Unit A Siltstone A.L.S. = Unit A Limestone L.A.S.S. = Lower Unit A Siltstone B = Unit B Limestone Knox = Knox Group (d)

Geologic Strata nomenclature used in current investigation (e)

Yellow highlighted values indicate discrepancy between values reported on Table 24-17 of Reference and values calculated using the formula shown above (f)

Orange highlighted values are duplicate tests- the maximum value is used in hydraulic conductivity analysis

Reference:

Reference 2.3-B-1. Project Management Corporation, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, Preliminary Safety Analysis Report," Volume 2, Amendment 68, May, 1982.

2.3-B-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report APPENDIX 2.3-C Vertical Hydraulic Gradients 2.3-C-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 1 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 790.71 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.33 --- --- --- --- 111.9 22.38 0.20 1-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 784.18 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.37 --- --- --- --- 111.9 17.81 0.16 9-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.14 662.7 642.7 652.7 761.90 --- --- --- --- 111.9 21.24 0.19 26-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.73 662.7 642.7 652.7 756.89 --- --- --- --- 111.9 25.84 0.23 5-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.69 662.7 642.7 652.7 753.48 --- --- --- --- 111.9 29.21 0.26 12-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.84 662.7 642.7 652.7 749.60 --- --- --- --- 111.9 33.24 0.30 23-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.95 662.7 642.7 652.7 762.05 --- --- --- --- 111.9 21.90 0.20 9-Dec-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 798.42 662.7 642.7 652.7 773.47 --- --- --- --- 111.9 24.95 0.22 20-Dec-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 790.65 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.74 --- --- --- --- 111.9 21.91 0.20 OW-101U/L (Upper /Lower) 13-Jan-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 795.74 662.7 642.7 652.7 771.52 --- --- --- --- 111.9 24.22 0.22 16-Jan-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 795.38 662.7 642.7 652.7 771.11 --- --- --- --- 111.9 24.27 0.22 18-Feb-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 791.86 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.70 --- --- --- --- 111.9 23.16 0.21 16-Mar-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 785.52 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.01 --- --- --- --- 111.9 19.51 0.17 15-Apr-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 788.72 662.7 642.7 652.7 767.45 --- --- --- --- 111.9 21.27 0.19 15-May-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 792.69 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.01 --- --- --- --- 111.9 24.68 0.22 16-Jun-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 791.90 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.62 --- --- --- --- 111.9 23.28 0.21 16-Jul-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.11 662.7 642.7 652.7 762.61 --- --- --- --- 111.9 20.50 0.18 18-Aug-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 789.18 662.7 642.7 652.7 767.59 --- --- --- --- 111.9 21.59 0.19 4-Nov-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.64 662.7 642.7 652.7 764.05 --- --- --- --- 111.9 19.59 0.18 12-Feb-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 786.53 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.59 --- --- --- --- 111.9 19.94 0.18 19-May-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.96 662.7 642.7 652.7 763.31 --- --- --- --- 111.9 19.65 0.18 10-Aug-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.54 662.7 642.7 652.7 764.88 --- --- --- --- 111.9 18.66 0.17 0.20 2.3-C-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 2 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 790.71 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.45 204.4 47.26 0.23 1-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 784.18 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.03 204.4 41.15 0.20 9-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.14 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.77 204.4 41.37 0.20 26-Oct-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.73 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.33 204.4 41.40 0.20 5-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.69 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 740.52 204.4 42.17 0.21 12-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.84 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.89 204.4 42.95 0.21 23-Nov-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.95 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.25 204.4 44.70 0.22 9-Dec-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 798.42 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 749.39 204.4 49.03 0.24 OW-101U/D (Upper/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 774.6 754.6 764.6 790.65 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.05 204.4 49.60 0.24 13-Jan-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 795.74 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 745.15 204.4 50.59 0.25 16-Jan-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 795.38 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 744.49 204.4 50.89 0.25 18-Feb-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 791.86 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.50 204.4 50.36 0.25 16-Mar-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 785.52 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.22 204.4 46.30 0.23 15-Apr-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 788.72 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 740.92 204.4 47.80 0.23 15-May-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 792.69 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.81 204.4 48.88 0.24 16-Jun-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 791.90 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.33 204.4 48.57 0.24 16-Jul-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.11 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.43 204.4 40.68 0.20 18-Aug-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 789.18 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.45 204.4 45.73 0.22 4-Nov-14 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.64 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.16 204.4 41.48 0.20 12-Feb-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 786.53 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.98 204.4 46.55 0.23 19-May-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 782.96 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.70 204.4 40.26 0.20 10-Aug-15 774.6 754.6 764.6 783.54 --- --- --- --- 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.18 204.4 40.36 0.20 0.22 2.3-C-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 3 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.33 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.45 92.5 24.88 0.27 1-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.37 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.03 92.5 23.34 0.25 9-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 761.90 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.77 92.5 20.13 0.22 26-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 756.89 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.33 92.5 15.56 0.17 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 753.48 570.2 550.2 560.2 740.52 92.5 12.96 0.14 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 749.60 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.89 92.5 9.71 0.11 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 762.05 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.25 92.5 22.80 0.25 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 773.47 570.2 550.2 560.2 749.39 92.5 24.08 0.26 OW-101L/D (Lower/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.74 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.05 92.5 27.69 0.30 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 771.52 570.2 550.2 560.2 745.15 92.5 26.37 0.29 16-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 771.11 570.2 550.2 560.2 744.49 92.5 26.62 0.29 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.70 570.2 550.2 560.2 741.50 92.5 27.20 0.29 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.01 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.22 92.5 26.79 0.29 15-Apr-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 767.45 570.2 550.2 560.2 740.92 92.5 26.53 0.29 15-May-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.01 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.81 92.5 24.20 0.26 16-Jun-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 768.62 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.33 92.5 25.29 0.27 16-Jul-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 762.61 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.43 92.5 20.18 0.22 18-Aug-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 767.59 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.45 92.5 24.14 0.26 4-Nov-14 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 764.05 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.16 92.5 21.89 0.24 12-Feb-15 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 766.59 570.2 550.2 560.2 739.98 92.5 26.61 0.29 19-May-15 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 763.31 570.2 550.2 560.2 742.70 92.5 20.61 0.22 10-Aug-15 --- --- --- --- 662.7 642.7 652.7 764.88 570.2 550.2 560.2 743.18 92.5 21.70 0.23 0.25 2.3-C-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 4 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.65 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.92 --- --- --- --- 134.6 31.73 0.24 1-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.31 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.17 --- --- --- --- 134.6 30.14 0.22 9-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 792.89 661.5 641.5 651.5 765.36 --- --- --- --- 134.6 27.53 0.20 26-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 788.51 661.5 641.5 651.5 762.86 --- --- --- --- 134.6 25.65 0.19 5-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 787.32 661.5 641.5 651.5 761.76 --- --- --- --- 134.6 25.56 0.19 12-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 786.75 661.5 641.5 651.5 761.12 --- --- --- --- 134.6 25.63 0.19 23-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 797.43 661.5 641.5 651.5 705.78 --- --- --- --- 134.6 91.65 0.68 9-Dec-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 800.15 661.5 641.5 651.5 778.27 --- --- --- --- 134.6 21.88 0.16 20-Dec-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.10 661.5 641.5 651.5 773.58 --- --- --- --- 134.6 24.52 0.18 OW-202U/L (Upper /Lower) 13-Jan-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 799.47 661.5 641.5 651.5 776.79 --- --- --- --- 134.6 22.68 0.17 16-Jan-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.96 661.5 641.5 651.5 776.08 --- --- --- --- 134.6 22.88 0.17 18-Feb-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.84 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.85 --- --- --- --- 134.6 25.99 0.19 16-Mar-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.76 661.5 641.5 651.5 771.33 --- --- --- --- 134.6 24.43 0.18 15-Apr-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.29 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.92 --- --- --- --- 134.6 23.37 0.17 15-May-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 799.44 661.5 641.5 651.5 768.85 --- --- --- --- 134.6 30.59 0.23 16-Jun-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.71 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.50 --- --- --- --- 134.6 32.21 0.24 16-Jul-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.66 661.5 641.5 651.5 764.40 --- --- --- --- 134.6 31.26 0.23 18-Aug-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.22 661.5 641.5 651.5 770.31 --- --- --- --- 134.6 25.91 0.19 4-Nov-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.68 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.10 --- --- --- --- 134.6 29.58 0.22 12-Feb-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.03 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.22 --- --- --- --- 134.6 23.81 0.18 19-May-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.47 661.5 641.5 651.5 767.00 --- --- --- --- 134.6 28.47 0.21 10-Aug-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.67 661.5 641.5 651.5 768.56 --- --- --- --- 134.6 27.11 0.20 0.20 2.3-C-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 5 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.65 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 759.34 260.4 39.31 0.15 1-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.31 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.96 260.4 37.35 0.14 9-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 792.89 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 757.50 260.4 35.39 0.14 26-Oct-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 788.51 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 755.67 260.4 32.84 0.13 5-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 787.32 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 754.85 260.4 32.47 0.12 12-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 786.75 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 754.28 260.4 32.47 0.12 23-Nov-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 797.43 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 755.05 260.4 42.38 0.16 9-Dec-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 800.15 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 763.64 260.4 36.51 0.14 20-Dec-13 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.10 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 762.41 260.4 35.69 0.14 OW-202U/D (Upper /Deeper) 13-Jan-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 799.47 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 764.04 260.4 35.43 0.14 16-Jan-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.96 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 764.76 260.4 34.20 0.13 18-Feb-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.84 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.97 260.4 36.87 0.14 16-Mar-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.76 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 760.31 260.4 35.45 0.14 15-Apr-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.29 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.88 260.4 34.41 0.13 15-May-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 799.44 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 759.74 260.4 39.70 0.15 16-Jun-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 798.71 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.67 260.4 40.04 0.15 16-Jul-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.66 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 757.06 260.4 38.60 0.15 18-Aug-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.22 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.01 260.4 35.21 0.14 4-Nov-14 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.68 --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 260.4 37.79 0.15

--- 757.89 12-Feb-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 796.03 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 760.11 260.4 35.92 0.14 19-May-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.47 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.58 260.4 36.89 0.14 10-Aug-15 796.1 776.1 786.1 795.67 --- --- --- --- 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.68 260.4 36.99 0.14 0.14 2.3-C-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 6 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.92 535.7 515.7 525.7 759.34 125.8 7.58 0.06 1-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.17 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.96 125.8 7.21 0.06 9-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 765.36 535.7 515.7 525.7 757.50 125.8 7.86 0.06 26-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 762.86 535.7 515.7 525.7 755.67 125.8 7.19 0.06 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 761.76 535.7 515.7 525.7 754.85 125.8 6.91 0.05 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 761.12 535.7 515.7 525.7 754.28 125.8 6.84 0.05 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 705.78 535.7 515.7 525.7 755.05 125.8 -49.27 -0.39 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 778.27 535.7 515.7 525.7 763.64 125.8 14.63 0.12 OW-202L/D (Lower /Deeper) 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 773.58 535.7 515.7 525.7 762.41 125.8 11.17 0.09 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 776.79 535.7 515.7 525.7 764.04 125.8 12.75 0.10 16-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 776.08 535.7 515.7 525.7 764.76 125.8 11.32 0.09 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.86 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.97 125.8 10.89 0.09 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 771.33 535.7 515.7 525.7 760.31 125.8 11.02 0.09 15-Apr-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.92 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.88 125.8 11.04 0.09 15-May-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 768.85 535.7 515.7 525.7 759.74 125.8 9.11 0.07 16-Jun-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.50 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.67 125.8 7.83 0.06 16-Jul-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 764.40 535.7 515.7 525.7 757.06 125.8 7.34 0.06 18-Aug-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 770.31 535.7 515.7 525.7 761.01 125.8 9.30 0.07 4-Nov-14 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 766.10 535.7 515.7 525.7 757.89 125.8 8.21 0.07 12-Feb-15 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 772.22 535.7 515.7 525.7 760.11 125.8 12.11 0.10 19-May-15 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 767.00 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.58 125.8 8.42 0.07 10-Aug-15 --- --- --- --- 661.5 641.5 651.5 768.56 535.7 515.7 525.7 758.68 125.8 9.88 0.08 0.08 2.3-C-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 7 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.96 682.0 662.0 672.0 783.49 --- --- --- --- 120.2 27.47 0.23 1-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.52 682.0 662.0 672.0 781.71 --- --- --- --- 120.2 28.81 0.24 9-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.19 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.43 --- --- --- --- 120.2 29.76 0.25 26-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.94 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.67 --- --- --- --- 120.2 31.27 0.26 5-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.82 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.16 --- --- --- --- 120.2 31.66 0.26 12-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.78 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.20 --- --- --- --- 120.2 31.58 0.26 23-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.63 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.61 --- --- --- --- 120.2 29.02 0.24 9-Dec-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 813.14 682.0 662.0 672.0 791.75 --- --- --- --- 120.2 21.39 0.18 OW-401U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.63 682.0 662.0 672.0 787.29 --- --- --- --- 120.2 23.34 0.19 13-Jan-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 811.60 682.0 662.0 672.0 795.55 --- --- --- --- 120.2 16.05 0.13 18-Feb-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.86 682.0 662.0 672.0 788.69 --- --- --- --- 120.2 22.17 0.18 16-Mar-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.41 682.0 662.0 672.0 785.22 --- --- --- --- 120.2 25.19 0.21 15-Apr-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.56 682.0 662.0 672.0 788.03 --- --- --- --- 120.2 22.53 0.19 15-May-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 811.11 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.36 --- --- --- --- 120.2 26.75 0.22 16-Jun-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.66 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.03 --- --- --- --- 120.2 26.63 0.22 16-Jul-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.9 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.40 --- --- --- --- 120.2 29.50 0.25 18-Aug-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.33 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.45 --- --- --- --- 120.2 25.88 0.22 4-Nov-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.01 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.60 --- --- --- --- 120.2 29.41 0.24 12-Feb-15 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.25 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.05 --- --- --- --- 120.2 26.20 0.22 19-May-15 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.78 682.0 662.0 672.0 781.11 --- --- --- --- 120.2 28.67 0.24 10-Aug-15 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.76 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.44 --- --- --- --- 120.2 29.32 0.24 0.22 2.3-C-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 8 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.96 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.67 210.6 29.29 0.14 1-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.52 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 782.70 210.6 27.82 0.13 9-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.19 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.97 210.6 29.22 0.14 26-Oct-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.94 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 777.33 210.6 32.61 0.15 5-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.82 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 772.88 210.6 36.94 0.18 12-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.78 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 777.09 210.6 32.69 0.16 23-Nov-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.63 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.49 210.6 29.14 0.14 9-Dec-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 813.14 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 786.87 210.6 26.27 0.12 OW-401U/D (Upper/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.63 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.23 210.6 29.40 0.14 13-Jan-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 811.60 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 794.33 210.6 17.27 0.08 18-Feb-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.86 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 791.44 210.6 19.42 0.09 16-Mar-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.41 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 787.87 210.6 22.54 0.11 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.56 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 792.09 210.6 18.47 0.09 15-Apr-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 811.11 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 783.04 210.6 28.07 0.13 15-May-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.66 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 783.31 210.6 27.35 0.13 16-Jun-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.9 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.86 210.6 29.04 0.14 16-Jul-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.33 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 788.07 210.6 22.26 0.11 18-Aug-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.01 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.55 210.6 28.46 0.14 4-Nov-14 802.2 782.2 792.2 810.25 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 785.60 210.6 24.65 0.12 12-Feb-15 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.78 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.82 210.6 28.96 0.14 19-May-15 802.2 782.2 792.2 809.76 --- --- --- --- 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.66 210.6 29.10 0.14 10-Aug-15 0.13 2.3-C-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 9 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 783.49 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.67 90.4 1.82 0.02 1-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 781.71 591.6 571.6 581.6 782.70 90.4 -0.99 -0.01 9-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.43 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.97 90.4 -0.54 -0.01 26-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.67 591.6 571.6 581.6 777.33 90.4 1.34 0.01 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.16 591.6 571.6 581.6 772.88 90.4 5.28 0.06 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 778.20 591.6 571.6 581.6 777.09 90.4 1.11 0.01 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.61 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.49 90.4 0.12 0.00 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 791.75 591.6 571.6 581.6 786.87 90.4 4.88 0.05 OW-401L/D (Lower/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 787.29 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.23 90.4 6.06 0.07 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 795.55 591.6 571.6 581.6 794.33 90.4 1.22 0.01 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 788.69 591.6 571.6 581.6 791.44 90.4 -2.75 -0.03 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 785.22 591.6 571.6 581.6 787.87 90.4 -2.65 -0.03

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 788.03 591.6 571.6 581.6 792.09 90.4 -4.06 -0.04 15-Apr-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.36 591.6 571.6 581.6 783.04 90.4 1.32 0.01 15-May-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.03 591.6 571.6 581.6 783.31 90.4 0.72 0.01 16-Jun-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.40 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.86 90.4 -0.46 -0.01 16-Jul-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.45 591.6 571.6 581.6 788.07 90.4 -3.62 -0.04 18-Aug-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.60 591.6 571.6 581.6 781.55 90.4 -0.95 -0.01 4-Nov-14

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 784.05 591.6 571.6 581.6 785.60 90.4 -1.55 -0.02 12-Feb-15

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 781.11 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.82 90.4 0.29 0.00 19-May-15

--- --- --- --- 682.0 662.0 672.0 780.44 591.6 571.6 581.6 780.66 90.4 -0.22 0.00 10-Aug-15 0.00 2.3-C-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 10 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Top of Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Elevation Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft screen Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 744.72 717.6 697.6 707.6 771.91 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -27.19 -0.79 1-Oct-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 742.84 717.6 697.6 707.6 770.47 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -27.63 -0.80 9-Oct-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.31 717.6 697.6 707.6 764.45 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -23.14 -0.67 26-Oct-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 740.84 717.6 697.6 707.6 760.40 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -19.56 -0.57 5-Nov-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 740.79 717.6 697.6 707.6 759.02 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -18.23 -0.53 12-Nov-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 739.77 717.6 697.6 707.6 758.21 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -18.44 -0.54 23-Nov-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 739.10 717.6 697.6 707.6 768.26 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -29.16 -0.85 9-Dec-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 762.56 717.6 697.6 707.6 779.22 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -16.66 -0.48 20-Dec-13 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.99 717.6 697.6 707.6 773.06 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -31.07 -0.90 OW-409U/L (Upper/Lower) 13-Jan-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 756.04 717.6 697.6 707.6 777.13 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -21.09 -0.61 16-Jan-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 753.35 717.6 697.6 707.6 776.43 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -23.08 -0.67 18-Feb-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 743.63 717.6 697.6 707.6 774.07 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -30.44 -0.88 16-Mar-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 738.31 717.6 697.6 707.6 769.68 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -31.37 -0.91 15-Apr-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.14 717.6 697.6 707.6 771.70 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -30.56 -0.89 15-May-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 746.09 717.6 697.6 707.6 769.67 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -23.58 -0.69 16-Jun-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 743.56 717.6 697.6 707.6 770.54 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -26.98 -0.78 16-Jul-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.15 717.6 697.6 707.6 761.63 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -20.48 -0.60 18-Aug-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 743.10 717.6 697.6 707.6 770.31 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -27.21 -0.79 4-Nov-14 752.0 732.0 742.0 740.91 717.6 697.6 707.6 760.74 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -19.83 -0.58 12-Feb-15 752.0 732.0 742.0 738.39 717.6 697.6 707.6 766.10 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -27.71 -0.81 19-May-15 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.10 717.6 697.6 707.6 756.67 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -15.57 -0.45 10-Aug-15 752.0 732.0 742.0 741.84 717.6 697.6 707.6 756.68 --- --- --- --- 34.4 -14.84 -0.43

-0.69 2.3-C-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 11 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 758.80 628.8 608.8 618.8 763.83 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -5.03 -0.04 1-Oct-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 757.81 628.8 608.8 618.8 765.02 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -7.21 -0.06 9-Oct-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 756.09 628.8 608.8 618.8 765.46 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -9.37 -0.07 26-Oct-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 755.21 628.8 608.8 618.8 765.40 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -10.19 -0.08 5-Nov-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 754.89 628.8 608.8 618.8 765.26 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -10.37 -0.08 12-Nov-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 754.78 628.8 608.8 618.8 765.19 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -10.41 -0.08 23-Nov-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 756.38 628.8 608.8 618.8 766.13 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -9.75 -0.08 9-Dec-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 772.02 628.8 608.8 618.8 771.91 --- --- --- --- 127.2 0.11 0.00 OW-415U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 756.0 736.0 746.0 764.40 628.8 608.8 618.8 770.87 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -6.47 -0.05 13-Jan-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 767.22 628.8 608.8 618.8 NM --- --- --- --- 127.2 NA NA 18-Feb-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 763.22 628.8 608.8 618.8 769.68 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -6.46 -0.05 16-Mar-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 760.06 628.8 608.8 618.8 767.15 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -7.09 -0.06 15-Apr-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 762.12 628.8 608.8 618.8 768.06 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -5.94 -0.05 15-May-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 762.46 628.8 608.8 618.8 767.42 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -4.96 -0.04 16-Jun-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 760.81 628.8 608.8 618.8 768.16 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -7.35 -0.06 16-Jul-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 756.13 628.8 608.8 618.8 766.02 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -9.89 -0.08 18-Aug-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 760.70 628.8 608.8 618.8 769.69 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -8.99 -0.07 4-Nov-14 756.0 736.0 746.0 756.24 628.8 608.8 618.8 766.51 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -10.27 -0.08 12-Feb-15 756.0 736.0 746.0 759.92 628.8 608.8 618.8 767.63 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -7.71 -0.06 19-May-15 756.0 736.0 746.0 756.84 628.8 608.8 618.8 766.55 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -9.71 -0.08 10-Aug-15 756.0 736.0 746.0 757.09 628.8 608.8 618.8 766.77 --- --- --- --- 127.2 -9.68 -0.08

-0.06 2.3-C-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 12 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 741.44 698.8 678.8 688.8 741.48 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.04 0.00 1-Oct-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 741.04 698.8 678.8 688.8 741.08 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.04 0.00 9-Oct-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 740.06 698.8 678.8 688.8 740.13 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.07 0.00 26-Oct-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 739.89 698.8 678.8 688.8 739.92 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.03 0.00 5-Nov-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 739.74 698.8 678.8 688.8 739.79 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 12-Nov-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 738.85 698.8 678.8 688.8 738.90 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 23-Nov-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 737.22 698.8 678.8 688.8 737.29 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.07 0.00 9-Dec-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 745.93 698.8 678.8 688.8 745.56 --- --- --- --- 35.3 0.37 0.01 OW-416U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 734.1 714.1 724.1 738.50 698.8 678.8 688.8 738.56 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.06 0.00 13-Jan-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 742.62 698.8 678.8 688.8 742.60 --- --- --- --- 35.3 0.02 0.00 18-Feb-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 739.24 698.8 678.8 688.8 739.30 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.06 0.00 16-Mar-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 736.64 698.8 678.8 688.8 736.75 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.11 0.00 15-Apr-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 739.02 698.8 678.8 688.8 739.08 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.06 0.00 15-May-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 741.99 698.8 678.8 688.8 742.00 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.01 0.00 16-Jun-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 741.19 698.8 678.8 688.8 741.24 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 16-Jul-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 740.70 698.8 678.8 688.8 740.72 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.02 0.00 18-Aug-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 740.92 698.8 678.8 688.8 740.98 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.06 0.00 4-Nov-14 734.1 714.1 724.1 739.92 698.8 678.8 688.8 739.97 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 12-Feb-15 734.1 714.1 724.1 736.89 698.8 678.8 688.8 736.94 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 19-May-15 734.1 714.1 724.1 740.44 698.8 678.8 688.8 740.49 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.05 0.00 10-Aug-15 734.1 714.1 724.1 741.15 698.8 678.8 688.8 741.18 --- --- --- --- 35.3 -0.03 0.00 0.00 2.3-C-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 13 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation Top of Bottom of Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft Midpoint (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft of Water (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.97 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.41 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.44 -0.08 1-Oct-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.77 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.17 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.40 -0.08 9-Oct-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.41 677.7 657.7 667.7 749.89 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.48 -0.08 26-Oct-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.93 677.7 657.7 667.7 749.15 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.22 -0.07 5-Nov-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.58 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.74 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.16 -0.07 12-Nov-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.09 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.44 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.35 -0.08 23-Nov-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 744.30 677.7 657.7 667.7 747.77 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.47 -0.08 9-Dec-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 748.15 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.61 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -0.46 -0.01 OW-417U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 722.2 702.2 712.2 747.39 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.11 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -2.72 -0.06 13-Jan-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 749.18 677.7 657.7 667.7 752.28 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.10 -0.07 16-Jan-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 749.42 677.7 657.7 667.7 752.53 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.11 -0.07 18-Feb-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 747.71 677.7 657.7 667.7 751.87 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -4.16 -0.09 16-Mar-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.82 677.7 657.7 667.7 751.44 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -4.62 -0.10 15-Apr-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.63 677.7 657.7 667.7 751.29 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -4.66 -0.10 15-May-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 747.35 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.56 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.21 -0.07 16-Jun-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.42 677.7 657.7 667.7 749.38 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.96 -0.09 16-Jul-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 744.94 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.66 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.72 -0.08 18-Aug-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.17 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.55 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.38 -0.08 4-Nov-14 722.2 702.2 712.2 744.94 677.7 657.7 667.7 748.32 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -3.38 -0.08 12-Feb-15 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.80 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.96 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -5.16 -0.12 19-May-15 722.2 702.2 712.2 746.05 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.79 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -4.74 -0.11 10-Aug-15 722.2 702.2 712.2 745.92 677.7 657.7 667.7 750.16 --- --- --- --- 44.5 -4.24 -0.10

-0.08 2.3-C-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 14 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Bottom Elevation Elevation h Well Pair Date Top of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) iv of screen of Water Midpoint (ft of Water (ft) screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 750.96 674.6 654.6 664.6 748.21 --- --- --- --- 45.4 2.75 0.06 1-Oct-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 751.02 674.6 654.6 664.6 746.88 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.14 0.09 9-Oct-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 750.61 674.6 654.6 664.6 745.77 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.84 0.11 26-Oct-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 749.38 674.6 654.6 664.6 744.96 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.42 0.10 5-Nov-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 748.53 674.6 654.6 664.6 744.31 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.22 0.09 12-Nov-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 747.83 674.6 654.6 664.6 743.54 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.29 0.09 23-Nov-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 747.17 674.6 654.6 664.6 742.98 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.19 0.09 9-Dec-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 761.40 674.6 654.6 664.6 750.56 --- --- --- --- 45.4 10.84 0.24 OW-418U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 715.0 705.0 710.0 754.59 674.6 654.6 664.6 752.07 --- --- --- --- 45.4 2.52 0.06 13-Jan-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 757.14 674.6 654.6 664.6 753.03 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.11 0.09 18-Feb-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 755.36 674.6 654.6 664.6 751.43 --- --- --- --- 45.4 3.93 0.09 16-Mar-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 754.81 674.6 654.6 664.6 749.21 --- --- --- --- 45.4 5.60 0.12 15-Apr-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 755.25 674.6 654.6 664.6 749.83 --- --- --- --- 45.4 5.42 0.12 15-May-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 752.70 674.6 654.6 664.6 748.58 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.12 0.09 16-Jun-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 750.61 674.6 654.6 664.6 747.88 --- --- --- --- 45.4 2.73 0.06 16-Jul-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 749.86 674.6 654.6 664.6 745.04 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.82 0.11 18-Aug-14 715.0 705.0 710.0 750.95 674.6 654.6 664.6 750.26 --- --- --- --- 45.4 0.69 0.02 715.0 705.0 710.0 749.93 674.6 654.6 664.6 745.07 --- --- --- --- 45.4 4.86 0.11 4-Nov-14 12-Feb-15 715.0 705.0 710.0 753.45 674.6 654.6 664.6 747.99 --- --- --- --- 45.4 5.46 0.12 19-May-15 715.0 705.0 710.0 751.81 674.6 654.6 664.6 746.24 --- --- --- --- 45.4 5.57 0.12 10-Aug-15 715.0 705.0 710.0 752.26 674.6 654.6 664.6 746.41 --- --- --- --- 45.4 5.85 0.13 0.10 2.3-C-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 15 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Bottom Elevation Elevation h Well Pair Date Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) iv Top of screen of screen of Water Midpoint (ft of Water (ft)

(ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 757.40 695.3 675.3 685.3 756.40 --- --- --- --- 47.5 1.00 0.02 1-Oct-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 753.19 695.3 675.3 685.3 752.89 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.30 0.01 9-Oct-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 749.58 695.3 675.3 685.3 749.68 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.10 0.00 26-Oct-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.62 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.72 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.10 0.00 5-Nov-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.41 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.52 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.11 0.00 12-Nov-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.31 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.45 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.14 0.00 23-Nov-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 751.16 695.3 675.3 685.3 751.07 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.09 0.00 9-Dec-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 767.70 695.3 675.3 685.3 763.57 --- --- --- --- 47.5 4.13 0.09 20-Dec-13 742.8 722.8 732.8 759.76 695.3 675.3 685.3 758.77 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.99 0.02 OW-419U/L (Upper/Lower) 13-Jan-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 763.71 695.3 675.3 685.3 761.86 --- --- --- --- 47.5 1.85 0.04 18-Feb-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 758.78 695.3 675.3 685.3 758.00 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.78 0.02 16-Mar-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 755.60 695.3 675.3 685.3 755.12 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.48 0.01 742.8 722.8 732.8 757.75 695.3 675.3 685.3 757.09 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.66 0.01 15-Apr-14 15-May-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 753.90 695.3 675.3 685.3 752.49 --- --- --- --- 47.5 1.41 0.03 742.8 722.8 732.8 757.11 695.3 675.3 685.3 755.99 --- --- --- --- 47.5 1.12 0.02 16-Jun-14 16-Jul-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.44 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.59 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.15 0.00 18-Aug-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 759.19 695.3 675.3 685.3 757.84 --- --- --- --- 47.5 1.35 0.03 4-Nov-14 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.77 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.84 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.07 0.00 12-Feb-15 742.8 722.8 732.8 753.79 695.3 675.3 685.3 753.23 --- --- --- --- 47.5 0.56 0.01 19-May-15 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.18 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.34 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.16 0.00 10-Aug-15 742.8 722.8 732.8 748.46 695.3 675.3 685.3 748.53 --- --- --- --- 47.5 -0.07 0.00 0.01 2.3-C-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 16 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation h Well Pair Date Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) iv Top of screen of Water Midpoint (ft of Water (ft) screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.87 672.2 652.2 662.2 742.13 --- --- --- --- 104.7 16.74 0.16 1-Oct-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 757.99 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.38 --- --- --- --- 104.7 16.61 0.16 9-Oct-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 757.04 672.2 652.2 662.2 740.97 --- --- --- --- 104.7 16.07 0.15 26-Oct-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 Dry 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.01 --- --- --- --- 104.7 NA NA 5-Nov-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 Dry 672.2 652.2 662.2 740.66 --- --- --- --- 104.7 NA NA 12-Nov-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 Dry 672.2 652.2 662.2 740.05 --- --- --- --- 104.7 NA NA 23-Nov-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.61 672.2 652.2 662.2 736.59 --- --- --- --- 104.7 22.02 0.21 9-Dec-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 760.58 672.2 652.2 662.2 744.97 --- --- --- --- 104.7 15.61 0.15 OW-420U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.88 672.2 652.2 662.2 739.99 --- --- --- --- 104.7 18.89 0.18 13-Jan-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 759.04 672.2 652.2 662.2 745.43 --- --- --- --- 104.7 13.61 0.13 18-Feb-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 759.13 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.77 --- --- --- --- 104.7 17.36 0.17 16-Mar-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.33 672.2 652.2 662.2 739.83 --- --- --- --- 104.7 18.50 0.18 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.69 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.64 --- --- --- --- 104.7 17.05 0.16 15-Apr-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 759.28 672.2 652.2 662.2 743.53 --- --- --- --- 104.7 15.75 0.15 15-May-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 759.23 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.98 --- --- --- --- 104.7 17.25 0.16 16-Jun-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.02 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.21 --- --- --- --- 104.7 16.81 0.16 16-Jul-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.72 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.75 --- --- --- --- 104.7 16.97 0.16 18-Aug-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.06 672.2 652.2 662.2 740.67 --- --- --- --- 104.7 17.39 0.17 4-Nov-14 776.9 756.9 766.9 758.67 672.2 652.2 662.2 739.28 --- --- --- --- 104.7 19.39 0.19 12-Feb-15 776.9 756.9 766.9 756.92 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.72 --- --- --- --- 104.7 15.20 0.15 19-May-15 776.9 756.9 766.9 757.12 672.2 652.2 662.2 741.62 --- --- --- --- 104.7 15.50 0.15 10-Aug-15 0.16 2.3-C-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 17 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation h Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water (ft) screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 753.23 700.0 680.0 690.0 709.27 --- --- --- --- 50.4 43.96 0.87 1-Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.36 700.0 680.0 690.0 737.20 --- --- --- --- 50.4 17.16 0.34 8-9 Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.48 700.0 680.0 690.0 746.66 --- --- --- --- 50.4 7.82 0.16 26-Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.12 700.0 680.0 690.0 747.92 --- --- --- --- 50.4 6.20 0.12 5-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.14 700.0 680.0 690.0 748.04 --- --- --- --- 50.4 6.10 0.12 12-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.18 700.0 680.0 690.0 747.90 --- --- --- --- 50.4 6.28 0.12 23-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.15 700.0 680.0 690.0 688.34 --- --- --- --- 50.4 65.81 1.31 9-Dec-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.23 700.0 680.0 690.0 744.68 --- --- --- --- 50.4 9.55 0.19 OW-421U/L (Upper/Lower) 20-Dec-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.45 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.45 --- --- --- --- 50.4 5.00 0.10 13-Jan-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.55 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.43 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.12 0.08 18-Feb-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.45 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.26 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.19 0.08 16-Mar-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.51 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.11 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.40 0.09 15-Apr-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.70 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.39 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.31 0.09 15-May-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.51 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.30 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.21 0.08 16-Jun-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.30 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.11 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.19 0.08 16-Jul-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.31 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.88 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.43 0.09 18-Aug-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.31 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.93 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.38 0.09 4-Nov-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.06 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.98 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.08 0.08 12-Feb-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.57 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.86 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.71 0.09 19-May-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.12 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.06 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.06 0.08 10-Aug-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.10 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.10 --- --- --- --- 50.4 4.00 0.08 0.11 2.3-C-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 18 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 753.23 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 629.04 123.6 124.19 1.00 1-Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.36 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 669.54 123.6 84.82 0.69 8-9 Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.48 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 703.13 123.6 51.35 0.42 26-Oct-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.12 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 733.19 123.6 20.93 0.17 5-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.14 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 739.70 123.6 14.44 0.12 12-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.18 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 741.91 123.6 12.27 0.10 23-Nov-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.15 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 743.40 123.6 10.75 0.09 9-Dec-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.23 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 744.02 123.6 10.21 0.08 OW-421U/D (Upper/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.45 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.20 123.6 9.25 0.07 13-Jan-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.55 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 719.16 123.6 35.39 0.29 18-Feb-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.45 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 744.70 123.6 9.75 0.08 16-Mar-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.51 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.90 123.6 8.61 0.07 15-Apr-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.70 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.78 123.6 8.92 0.07 15-May-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.51 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 742.91 123.6 11.60 0.09 16-Jun-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.30 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.18 123.6 8.12 0.07 16-Jul-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.31 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.47 123.6 7.84 0.06 18-Aug-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.31 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.53 123.6 7.78 0.06 4-Nov-14 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.06 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.59 123.6 7.47 0.06 12-Feb-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.57 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.48 123.6 9.09 0.07 19-May-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.12 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.55 123.6 7.57 0.06 10-Aug-15 750.4 730.4 740.4 754.10 --- --- --- --- 626.8 606.8 616.8 747.10 123.6 7.00 0.06 0.08 2.3-C-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 19 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 709.27 626.8 606.8 616.8 629.04 73.2 80.23 1.10 1-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 737.20 626.8 606.8 616.8 669.54 73.2 67.66 0.92 8-9 Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 746.66 626.8 606.8 616.8 703.13 73.2 43.53 0.59 26-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 747.92 626.8 606.8 616.8 733.19 73.2 14.73 0.20 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 748.04 626.8 606.8 616.8 739.70 73.2 8.34 0.11 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 747.90 626.8 606.8 616.8 741.91 73.2 5.99 0.08 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 688.34 626.8 606.8 616.8 743.40 73.2 -55.06 -0.75 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 744.68 626.8 606.8 616.8 744.02 73.2 0.66 0.01 OW-421L/D (Lower/Deeper) 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.45 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.20 73.2 4.25 0.06 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.43 626.8 606.8 616.8 719.16 73.2 31.27 0.43 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.26 626.8 606.8 616.8 744.70 73.2 5.56 0.08 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.11 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.90 73.2 4.21 0.06

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.39 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.78 73.2 4.61 0.06 15-Apr-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.30 626.8 606.8 616.8 742.91 73.2 7.39 0.10 15-May-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.11 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.18 73.2 3.93 0.05 16-Jun-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.88 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.47 73.2 3.41 0.05 16-Jul-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.93 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.53 73.2 3.40 0.05 18-Aug-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.98 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.59 73.2 3.39 0.05 4-Nov-14

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 749.86 626.8 606.8 616.8 745.48 73.2 4.38 0.06 12-Feb-15 19-May-15 --- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.06 626.8 606.8 616.8 746.55 73.2 3.51 0.05

--- --- --- --- 700.0 680.0 690.0 750.10 626.8 606.8 616.8 747.10 73.2 3.00 0.04 10-Aug-15 0.07 2.3-C-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 20 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.43 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.60 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -10.17 -0.11 1-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.46 658.4 638.4 648.4 769.65 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -9.19 -0.09 9-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.36 658.4 638.4 648.4 765.89 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -5.53 -0.06 26-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 758.49 658.4 638.4 648.4 763.72 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -5.23 -0.05 5-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 757.93 658.4 638.4 648.4 762.85 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -4.92 -0.05 12-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 757.29 658.4 638.4 648.4 762.13 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -4.84 -0.05 23-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 758.68 658.4 638.4 648.4 763.36 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -4.68 -0.05 9-Dec-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 765.60 658.4 638.4 648.4 780.29 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -14.69 -0.15 20-Dec-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.92 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.24 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -13.32 -0.14 OW-423U/L (Upper/Lower) 13-Jan-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.28 658.4 638.4 648.4 776.65 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -14.37 -0.15 16-Jan-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.00 658.4 638.4 648.4 777.16 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -15.16 -0.16 18-Feb-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.51 658.4 638.4 648.4 775.23 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -13.72 -0.14 16-Mar-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.17 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.00 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -12.83 -0.13 15-Apr-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.26 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.83 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -13.57 -0.14 15-May-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.04 658.4 638.4 648.4 772.85 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -10.81 -0.11 16-Jun-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.81 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.24 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -10.43 -0.11 16-Jul-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 759.71 658.4 638.4 648.4 768.64 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -8.93 -0.09 18-Aug-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.62 658.4 638.4 648.4 773.19 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -12.57 -0.13 4-Nov-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 759.97 658.4 638.4 648.4 770.46 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -10.49 -0.11 12-Feb-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.89 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.03 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -13.14 -0.14 19-May-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.34 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.95 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -11.61 -0.12 10-Aug-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.49 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.38 --- --- --- --- 96.8 -10.89 -0.11

-0.11 2.3-C-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 21 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.43 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 775.52 203.4 -14.09 -0.07 1-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.46 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 775.77 203.4 -15.31 -0.08 9-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.36 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 774.88 203.4 -14.52 -0.07 26-Oct-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 758.49 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 772.06 203.4 -13.57 -0.07 5-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 757.93 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 771.19 203.4 -13.26 -0.07 12-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 757.29 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 770.81 203.4 -13.52 -0.07 23-Nov-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 758.68 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 772.70 203.4 -14.02 -0.07 9-Dec-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 765.60 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 782.28 203.4 -16.68 -0.08 20-Dec-13 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.92 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 782.42 203.4 -21.50 -0.11 OW-423U/D (Upper/Deeper) 13-Jan-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.28 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 784.91 203.4 -22.63 -0.11 16-Jan-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.00 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 786.36 203.4 -24.36 -0.12 18-Feb-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.51 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 782.40 203.4 -20.89 -0.10 16-Mar-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.17 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 780.98 203.4 -19.81 -0.10 15-Apr-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 761.26 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 783.21 203.4 -21.95 -0.11 15-May-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 762.04 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 778.91 203.4 -16.87 -0.08 16-Jun-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.81 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 776.92 203.4 -16.11 -0.08 16-Jul-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 759.71 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 774.48 203.4 -14.77 -0.07 18-Aug-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.62 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 778.31 203.4 -17.69 -0.09 4-Nov-14 755.2 735.2 745.2 759.97 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 775.30 203.4 -15.33 -0.08 12-Feb-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.89 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 781.84 203.4 -20.95 -0.10 19-May-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.34 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 777.84 203.4 -17.50 -0.09 10-Aug-15 755.2 735.2 745.2 760.49 --- --- --- --- 551.8 531.8 541.80 776.72 203.4 -16.23 -0.08

-0.09 2.3-C-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 22 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 24-Sep-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.60 551.8 531.8 541.8 775.52 106.6 -3.92 -0.04 1-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 769.65 551.8 531.8 541.8 775.77 106.6 -6.12 -0.06 9-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 765.89 551.8 531.8 541.8 774.88 106.6 -8.99 -0.08 26-Oct-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 763.72 551.8 531.8 541.8 772.06 106.6 -8.34 -0.08 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 762.85 551.8 531.8 541.8 771.19 106.6 -8.34 -0.08 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 762.13 551.8 531.8 541.8 770.81 106.6 -8.68 -0.08 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 763.36 551.8 531.8 541.8 772.70 106.6 -9.34 -0.09 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 780.29 551.8 531.8 541.8 782.28 106.6 -1.99 -0.02 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.24 551.8 531.8 541.8 782.42 106.6 -8.18 -0.08 OW-423L/D (Lower/Deeper) 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 776.65 551.8 531.8 541.8 784.91 106.6 -8.26 -0.08 16-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 777.16 551.8 531.8 541.8 786.36 106.6 -9.20 -0.09 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 775.23 551.8 531.8 541.8 782.40 106.6 -7.17 -0.07 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.00 551.8 531.8 541.8 780.98 106.6 -6.98 -0.07 15-Apr-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.83 551.8 531.8 541.8 783.21 106.6 -8.38 -0.08 15-May-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 772.85 551.8 531.8 541.8 778.91 106.6 -6.06 -0.06 16-Jun-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.24 551.8 531.8 541.8 776.92 106.6 -5.68 -0.05 16-Jul-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 768.64 551.8 531.8 541.8 774.48 106.6 -5.84 -0.05 18-Aug-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 773.19 551.8 531.8 541.8 778.31 106.6 -5.12 -0.05 4-Nov-14 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 770.46 551.8 531.8 541.8 775.30 106.6 -4.84 -0.05 12-Feb-15 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 774.03 551.8 531.8 541.8 781.84 106.6 -7.81 -0.07 19-May-15 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.95 551.8 531.8 541.8 777.84 106.6 -5.89 -0.06 10-Aug-15 --- --- --- --- 658.4 638.4 648.4 771.38 551.8 531.8 541.8 776.72 106.6 -5.34 -0.05

-0.06 2.3-C-23 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 23 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 5-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 765.27 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM --- --- --- --- 75.20 NA NA 12-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 764.94 688.7 668.7 678.7 758.83 --- --- --- --- 75.20 6.11 0.08 23-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 773.13 688.7 668.7 678.7 782.21 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -9.08 -0.12 9-Dec-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 790.27 688.7 668.7 678.7 787.21 --- --- --- --- 75.20 3.06 0.04 20-Dec-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 785.43 688.7 668.7 678.7 778.42 --- --- --- --- 75.20 7.01 0.09 9-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 NM 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM --- --- --- --- 75.20 NA NA 13-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 791.44 688.7 668.7 678.7 789.46 --- --- --- --- 75.20 1.98 0.03 16-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 NM 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM --- --- --- --- 75.20 NA NA OW-428U/L(Upper/Lower) 18-Feb-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 788.43 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.14 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -1.71 -0.02 16-Mar-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 785.08 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.74 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -5.66 -0.08 763.9 743.9 753.9 787.62 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.00 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -3.38 -0.04 15-Apr-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 786.42 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.97 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -4.55 -0.06 15-May-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 782.39 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.89 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -8.50 -0.11 16-Jun-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 776.93 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.84 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -13.91 -0.18 16-Jul-14 18-Aug-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 782.16 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.88 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -8.72 -0.12 763.9 743.9 753.9 777.56 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.00 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -13.44 -0.18 4-Nov-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 785.41 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.37 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -5.96 -0.08 12-Feb-15 763.9 743.9 753.9 779.93 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.33 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -11.40 -0.15 19-May-15 763.9 743.9 753.9 779.84 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.15 --- --- --- --- 75.20 -11.31 -0.15 10-Aug-15

-0.07 2.3-C-24 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 24 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 5-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 765.27 --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 NM 150.4 NA NA 12-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 764.94 --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 629.81 150.4 135.13 0.90 23-Nov-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 773.13 --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 761.53 150.4 11.60 0.08 9-Dec-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 790.27 --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.98 150.4 -5.71 -0.04 20-Dec-13 763.9 743.9 753.9 785.43 --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 779.64 150.4 5.79 0.04 9-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 NM --- --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 788.66 150.4 NA NA 13-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 NA NA 791.44 --- NM 16-Jan-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 NA NA OW-428U/D (Upper/Deeper)

NM --- 795.60 18-Feb-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -8.80 -0.06 788.43 --- 797.23 16-Mar-14 763.9 743.9 753.9 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -9.99 -0.07 785.08 --- 795.07 763.9 743.9 753.9 787.62 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.60 150.4 -7.98 -0.05 15-Apr-14 ---

763.9 743.9 753.9 786.42 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -7.18 -0.05 15-May-14 --- 793.60 763.9 743.9 753.9 782.39 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -11.04 -0.07 16-Jun-14 --- 793.43 763.9 743.9 753.9 776.93 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -13.62 -0.09 16-Jul-14 --- 790.55 763.9 743.9 753.9 782.16 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -13.28 -0.09 18-Aug-14 --- 795.44 763.9 743.9 753.9 777.56 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -11.21 -0.07 4-Nov-14 --- 788.77 763.9 743.9 753.9 785.41 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 150.4 -8.66 -0.06 12-Feb-15 --- 794.07 763.9 743.9 753.9 779.93 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 790.81 150.4 -10.88 -0.07 19-May-15 ---

763.9 743.9 753.9 779.84 --- --- --- 613.5 593.5 603.5 791.22 150.4 -11.38 -0.08 10-Aug-15 ---

-0.07 2.3-C-25 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 25 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Elevation Elevation Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Top of Bottom of z (ft) h (ft) iv of Water Midpoint (ft of Water screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft NAVD88) (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88)

NAVD88) NAVD88) 5-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM 613.5 593.5 603.5 NM 75.2 NA NA 12-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 758.83 613.5 593.5 603.5 629.81 75.2 129.02 1.72 23-Nov-13 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 782.21 613.5 593.5 603.5 761.53 75.2 20.68 0.27 9-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 787.21 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.98 75.2 -8.77 -0.12 20-Dec-13 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 778.42 613.5 593.5 603.5 779.64 75.2 -1.22 -0.02 9-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM 613.5 593.5 603.5 788.66 75.2 NA NA 13-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 789.46 613.5 593.5 603.5 NM 75.2 NA NA 16-Jan-14 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 NM 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.60 75.2 NA NA OW-428L/D (Lower/Deeper) 18-Feb-14 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.14 613.5 593.5 603.5 797.23 75.2 -7.09 -0.09 16-Mar-14 --- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.74 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.07 75.2 -4.33 -0.06

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.00 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.60 75.2 -4.60 -0.06 15-Apr-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.97 613.5 593.5 603.5 793.60 75.2 -2.63 -0.03 15-May-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.89 613.5 593.5 603.5 793.43 75.2 -2.54 -0.03 16-Jun-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.84 613.5 593.5 603.5 790.55 75.2 0.29 0.00 16-Jul-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 790.88 613.5 593.5 603.5 795.44 75.2 -4.56 -0.06 18-Aug-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.00 613.5 593.5 603.5 788.77 75.2 2.23 0.03 4-Nov-14

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.37 613.5 593.5 603.5 794.07 75.2 -2.70 -0.04 12-Feb-15

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.33 613.5 593.5 603.5 790.81 75.2 0.52 0.01 19-May-15

--- --- --- --- 688.7 668.7 678.7 791.15 613.5 593.5 603.5 791.22 75.2 -0.07 0.00 10-Aug-15

-0.04 2.3-C-26 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-C (Sheet 26 of 26)

Vertical Hydraulic Gradients Upper Zone Lower Zone Deeper Zone Well Pair Date Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation Top of Bottom of Midpoint Elevation z (ft) h (ft) iv screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft screen (ft screen (ft (ft of Water (ft NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) NAVD88) 12-Nov-13 759.4 739.4 749.4 758.70 651.2 631.2 641.2 636.85 --- --- --- --- 108.2 121.85 1.13 23-Nov-13 759.4 739.4 749.4 762.10 651.2 631.2 641.2 638.49 --- --- --- --- 108.2 123.61 1.14 9-Dec-13 759.4 739.4 749.4 766.89 651.2 631.2 641.2 640.19 --- --- --- --- 108.2 126.70 1.17 20-Dec-13 759.4 739.4 749.4 768.22 651.2 631.2 641.2 641.29 --- --- --- --- 108.2 126.93 1.17 13-Jan-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 768.20 651.2 631.2 641.2 639.49 --- --- --- --- 108.2 128.71 1.19 18-Feb-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 766.89 651.2 631.2 641.2 642.72 --- --- --- --- 108.2 124.17 1.15 OW-429U/L(Upper/Lower) 16-Mar-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 766.17 651.2 631.2 641.2 644.89 --- --- --- --- 108.2 121.28 1.12 759.4 739.4 749.4 766.46 651.2 631.2 641.2 647.32 --- --- --- --- 108.2 119.14 1.10 15-Apr-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 764.73 651.2 631.2 641.2 644.54 --- --- --- --- 108.2 120.19 1.11 15-May-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 763.42 651.2 631.2 641.2 646.99 --- --- --- --- 108.2 116.43 1.08 16-Jun-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 762.42 651.2 631.2 641.2 649.17 --- --- --- --- 108.2 113.25 1.05 16-Jul-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 764.16 651.2 631.2 641.2 651.84 --- --- --- --- 108.2 112.32 1.04 18-Aug-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 762.46 651.2 631.2 641.2 662.02 --- --- --- --- 108.2 100.44 0.93 4-Nov-14 759.4 739.4 749.4 765.26 651.2 631.2 641.2 674.70 --- --- --- --- 108.2 90.56 0.84 12-Feb-15 759.4 739.4 749.4 764.20 651.2 631.2 641.2 686.34 --- --- --- --- 108.2 77.86 0.72 19-May-15 759.4 739.4 749.4 764.28 651.2 631.2 641.2 695.56 --- --- --- --- 108.2 68.72 0.64 10-Aug-15 1.03 Indicates averages of the vertical hydraulic gradient for the nested well pair.

Indicates an anomaly or suspect measurement.

NM = Not Measured NA = Not Applicable Dry = Water level was below the bottom of the well.

2.3-C-27 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report APPENDIX 2.3-D Detailed Analytes Table 2.3-D-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 1 of 25)

Detailed Analytes ANIONS GENERAL CHEMISTRY Oxidation Specific GW Water Chlorine, Biological COD, Temperature, reduction Conductance, Oxygen, pH, Elevation Sample Well Level Turbidity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride, Color Total Oxygen Low Sample_ Celsius potential Field dissolved Field (m above Depth Depth Depth Field Bromide total total total (Pt-Co Residual Demand Level Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID Formation Quarter Depth depth (m) (degrees C) (mV) (umhos/cm) (mg/L) (pH) s/l) (m) (m) (m) (m) (NTU) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) units) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA NA 4 NA NA NA NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 Newala 1 D 70 24.1 331 801 13 5.6 241.39 70 76.28 8.98 12 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 Newala 1 D 70.03 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.89 34.1 0.732 <5 <0.1 5.45 <20 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 Newala 2 D 70 22.37 294 824.8 8.1 6.1 239.53 70 76.28 10.84 - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 Newala 2 D 70.03 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.77 25.1 0.696 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 Newala 3 D 70 20.74 255 701 0 6.4 239.24 70 76.28 11.13 87.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 Newala 3 D 70.03 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.43 37.9 0.589 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 Newala 4 D 70 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.44 <1 0.745 5 <0.1 7.79 58.5 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 Newala 4 D 70 14.53 391 657.8 4.5 6.3 239.24 20.2 76.28 11.13 - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 Newala 1 L 45.3 8.36 471 406.9 6.6 6.4 243.22 45.3 48.5 6.84 69.7 <0.1 <1 6.03 0.281 15 0.307 <2 <20 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 Newala 2 L 42.29 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.07 7.37 0.142 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 Newala 2 L 42.3 17.27 334 440.5 7.9 7.2 239.88 42.3 48.5 10.18 114 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 Newala 3 L 45.29 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 8.4 0.213 5 <0.1 - <20 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 Newala 3 L 45.3 17.48 239 426 7.4 7 239.01 45.3 48.5 11.05 56.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 Newala 4 L 45.29 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.29 5.28 0.158 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 Newala 4 L 45.3 14.64 166 437 5.6 7.1 237.65 45.3 48.5 12.41 35.8 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 Newala 1 U 8.76 9.8 384 500.7 5.5 7.2 247.85 8.8 11.83 2.27 8.3 <0.1 1.06 10 0.23 15 <0.1 19.9 53.7 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 Newala 2 U 8.76 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 9.44 0.172 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 Newala 2 U 8.8 13.31 311 478 7.3 7 247.21 8.8 11.83 2.91 21.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 Newala 3 U 8.76 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 4.07 0.195 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 Newala 3 U 8.8 16.4 469 503 5.4 7.1 246.9 8.8 11.83 3.22 13.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 Newala 4 U 11.8 11.7 380 356 6 7.1 246.97 11.8 11.83 3.15 30.5 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 Newala 4 U 11.83 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 9.69 0.163 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 Benbolt 1 L 50.3 11.5 357 4425 1.1 8 223.81 50.3 54.41 15.98 5.8 2.21 202 1090 14.2 5 <0.1 2.91 <20 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 Benbolt 2 L 50.3 15.5 144 4338 0.8 8 233.67 50.3 54.41 6.12 13.3 1.63 213 1230 12.4 - <0.1 2.9 <20 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 Benbolt 3 L 50.3 21.6 67 4723.2 1.1 7.3 235.34 50.3 54.41 4.45 8.3 1.72 233 1310 14.2 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 Benbolt 4 L 50.3 16.41 36 4651 1.5 7 233.53 50.3 54.41 6.26 17.6 1.9 201 1540 13.4 - - - -

Bowen/

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 Benbolt 1 U 12.5 16.23 328 555.3 3.8 7 233.69 12.5 15.75 6.22 4.7 <0.1 4.33 41.8 0.249 10 <0.1 <2 <20 Bowen/

CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 Benbolt 2 U 12.5 17 401 600 1.3 6.4 231.41 12.5 5.75 8.5 6.6 <0.1 1.95 27.8 <0.1 5 <0.1 <60 <20 Bowen/

CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 Benbolt 3 U 12.5 17.5 340 485.1 2.1 6.9 232.11 12.5 15.75 7.8 2.2 <0.1 1.95 18.8 0.189 5 <0.1 <2 <20 Bowen/

CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 Benbolt 4 U 12.5 17.52 303 592.9 0.1 6.8 230.29 12.5 15.75 9.62 5.8 <0.1 2.04 31.1 0.147 5 <0.1 27 24.5 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 Rockdell 1 L 37.7 13.7 19 72.36 1.2 6.7 225.3 37.7 40.96 22.35 8.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 Rockdell 1 L 37.73 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 11.7 58.2 0.568 10 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 Rockdell 1 L 37.7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 Rockdell 2 L 37.7 13.7 47 750 0.1 5.3 225.19 37.7 40.96 22.46 17.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 Rockdell 2 L 37.74 - - - - - - - - - - 0.166 13.1 63.3 0.937 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 Rockdell 3 L 37.7 19.46 84 710.3 0.9 6.8 225.76 37.7 40.96 21.89 8.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 Rockdell 3 L 37.74 - - - - - - - - - - 0.136 8.52 66.8 0.425 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 Rockdell 4 L 37.7 18.3 130 718 2.1 5.9 225.37 37.7 40.96 22.28 8.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 Rockdell 4 L 37.74 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 7.09 69.1 0.407 10 <0.1 2.02 <20 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 Rockdell 1 U 27 12.42 401 619.5 1.6 6.7 225.55 27 30.24 22.1 46.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 Rockdell 1 U 27.01 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 3.75 47.9 0.295 10 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 Rockdell 2 U 27 13 414 581 1.2 6.9 225.16 27 30.24 22.49 68.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 Rockdell 2 U 27.01 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 3.43 44.6 0.246 10 <0.1 <2 <20 2.3-D-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 2 of 25)

Detailed Analytes ANIONS GENERAL CHEMISTRY Oxidation Specific GW Water Chlorine, Biological COD, Temperature, reduction Conductance, Oxygen, pH, Elevation Sample Well Level Turbidity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride, Color Total Oxygen Low Sample_ Celsius potential Field dissolved Field (m above Depth Depth Depth Field Bromide total total total (Pt-Co Residual Demand Level Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID Formation Quarter Depth depth (m) (degrees C) (mV) (umhos/cm) (mg/L) (pH) s/l) (m) (m) (m) (m) (NTU) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) units) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 Rockdell 3 U 22.3 18.3 420 609 1.1 6.8 226.14 70.8 30.24 21.51 36 <0.1 2.12 60.1 0.269 5 <0.1 2.37 <20 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 Rockdell 4 U 22.3 16.3 349 640 1.2 6.7 225.46 22.3 30.24 22.19 43.3 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 Rockdell 4 U 22.32 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 3.72 <1 0.152 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 Rockdell 4 U 22.3 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 3.69 <1 0.19 5 <0.1 <2 29.2 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 Blackford 1 L 45.78 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 8.39 0.446 10 <0.1 - <20 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 Blackford 1 L 45.8 11.19 449 505.9 5.3 6.9 229.51 45.8 48.86 18.78 7.9 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 Blackford 1 L 45.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - <2 -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 Blackford 2 L 45.78 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 0.811 8.48 0.414 <5 <0.1 3.25 <20 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 Blackford 2 L 45.8 13.19 237 530.3 5.3 6.9 229.07 45.8 48.86 19.22 13 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 Blackford 3 L 45.78 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 7.49 0.367 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 Blackford 3 L 45.8 24.44 276 491.1 5.9 7 228.74 45.8 48.86 19.55 16 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 Blackford 4 L 45.78 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.48 7.44 0.363 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 Blackford 4 L 45.8 15.2 176 484.2 5.2 7 226.82 45.8 48.8 21.47 18.8 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 Blackford 1 U 31.49 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.76 18.8 0.353 10 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 Eidson 1 U 31.5 14.26 420 545.8 5.1 7.2 229.32 31.5 33.06 18.45 3.7 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 Eidson 2 U 31.5 12.03 341 520 2.1 7.3 230.17 103.3 33.06 17.6 2.7 <0.1 1.59 17.6 0.316 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 Eidson 3 U 31.49 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.23 16.8 0.325 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 Eidson 3 U 31.5 20.43 158 494.3 1.6 6.6 228.84 31.5 33.06 18.93 8.3 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 Eidson 4 U 31.49 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.72 16.6 0.34 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 Eidson 4 U 31.5 15.95 138 545.7 1.3 6.3 228.5 31.5 33.06 19.27 1.9 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 Newala 1 L 36 9.78 351 482.7 2.8 6.6 231.5 36 39.01 13.16 20.3 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 Newala 1 L 35.97 - - - - - - - - - - 0.157 1.11 17.6 0.165 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 Newala 2 L 35.98 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 13.7 0.247 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 Newala 2 L 36 18.2 332 456 2.8 7.3 229.16 36 39.01 15.5 15.7 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 Newala 3 L 35.97 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 14.6 0.251 5 <0.1 2 <20 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 Newala 3 L 36 18.36 424 466 2.3 7.2 230.73 36 39.01 13.93 6.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 Newala 4 L 36 14.31 336 421.5 3.1 7.2 227.99 36 39.01 16.67 38.1 <0.1 10.3 11.8 0.206 5 <0.1 20.6 28.1 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 Newala 1 U 21.58 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 16.3 0.212 10 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 Newala 1 U 21.6 14.92 398 507.9 0.4 6.8 231.5 21.6 24.65 13.26 4.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 Newala 2 U 21.58 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 20.6 0.199 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 Newala 2 U 21.6 15.36 359 537.8 1.5 6.7 229.18 21.6 24.65 15.58 1.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 Newala 3 U 21.6 24.1 366 508 1 6.6 230.38 21.6 24.65 14.38 9 <0.1 <1 12.3 0.171 10 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 Newala 4 U 21.6 16.34 411 571.3 0.3 5.4 227.39 70.8 24.65 17.37 19.7 <0.1 <1 23.7 0.182 5 <0.1 291 <20 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 Newala 1 L 43.89 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.24 11.5 0.283 15 <0.1 17.8 <20 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 Newala 1 L 43.9 13.42 354 464 8 7.3 227.32 43.9 47.09 18.44 9.3 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 Newala 2 L 43.89 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.12 12.3 0.237 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 Newala 2 L 43.9 15.11 312 484.2 7.2 7 225.9 43.9 47.09 19.86 10.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 Newala 3 L 43.89 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 12.5 0.346 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 Newala 3 L 43.9 19.9 441 489.2 8.1 7 226.51 43.9 47.09 19.25 16.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 Newala 4 L 43.89 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.06 11.6 0.286 5 <0.1 3.88 <20 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 Newala 4 L 43.9 17.79 379 442 6.6 7.1 224.32 43.9 47.09 21.44 18.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 Newala 1 U 14.4 - - - - - - - - - - 0.468 <1 14.5 <0.1 20 0.201 <2 <20 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 Newala 2 U 14.4 - - - - - - - - - - 0.079 <1 15.5 0.152 - <0.1 - <20 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 Newala 3 U 14.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.87 -

CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 Newala 1 D 57.3 11.34 55 414.1 0.4 7.3 228.82 57.3 60.65 16.61 7.8 <0.1 2.41 25.2 1.1 10 <0.1 9.31 <20 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 Newala 2 D 57.3 17.89 11 408 2 7.4 227.3 57.3 60.65 18.13 11.9 <0.1 2.24 19.9 1.09 25 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 Newala 3 D 57.32 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.73 18.6 1.21 5 <0.1 6.49 <20 2.3-D-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 3 of 25)

Detailed Analytes ANIONS GENERAL CHEMISTRY Oxidation Specific GW Water Chlorine, Biological COD, Temperature, reduction Conductance, Oxygen, pH, Elevation Sample Well Level Turbidity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride, Color Total Oxygen Low Sample_ Celsius potential Field dissolved Field (m above Depth Depth Depth Field Bromide total total total (Pt-Co Residual Demand Level Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID Formation Quarter Depth depth (m) (degrees C) (mV) (umhos/cm) (mg/L) (pH) s/l) (m) (m) (m) (m) (NTU) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) units) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 Newala 3 D 57.3 21 120 446 1.4 6.6 227.73 57.3 60.5 17.7 34 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 Newala 4 D 57.3 12.64 9 405 1.3 7.3 227.53 57.3 60.65 17.9 18.2 <0.1 2.06 16.5 1.13 5 <0.1 2.84 <20 Blackford/

CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 Newala 1 L 35.97 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.24 8.43 0.647 10 <0.1 4.56 <20 Blackford/

CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 Newala 1 L 36 9.2 280 398 8.4 6.7 229.9 36 39.12 17.02 18.4 - - - - - - - -

Blackford/

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 Newala 2 L 35.97 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.21 10.6 0.619 5 <0.1 11.2 24.1 Blackford/

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 Newala 2 L 36 15.61 364 406.1 7.4 7.4 230.06 36 39.12 16.86 9.9 - - - - - - - -

Blackford/

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 Newala 3 L 36 20.89 333 109.3 1.5 7.3 230.2 36 39.12 16.72 9 <0.1 2.32 9.63 0.722 5 <0.1 <2 <20 Blackford/

CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 Newala 4 L 36 14 433 392 2.4 7.3 229.65 36 39.12 17.27 10 <0.1 2.22 9.19 0.665 <5 <0.1 3.72 33 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 Blackford 1 U 20.7 11.17 389 528.9 8.6 7 230.48 20.7 23.92 16.53 12.5 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 Blackford 1 U 20.72 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.07 5.83 0.624 10 <0.1 3.74 <20 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 Blackford 2 U 20.7 14.19 387 566.4 7.4 6.8 230.65 20.7 23.92 16.36 44.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 Blackford 2 U 20.72 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.23 6.64 0.446 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 Blackford 3 U 20.7 19.65 462 554 6.3 6.9 230.77 20.7 23.92 16.24 46.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 Blackford 3 U 20.72 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 6.8 0.562 5 <0.1 4.72 <20 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 Blackford 4 U 21.56 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.62 4.92 0.639 5 <0.1 3.62 <20 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 Blackford 4 U 21.6 14.6 418 533 6.1 6.9 230.15 21.6 23.92 16.86 71 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - 2 - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 - 1 D 80 - - - - - - - - - - 0.373 19.2 62.4 6.97 5 <0.1 2.83 25.7 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 Rockdell 1 D 62.05 - - - - - - - - - - 0.12 6.69 63.4 0.503 10 <0.1 2.6 <20 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 Rockdell 1 D 62.1 11.5 300 808.3 3.1 6.5 243.09 62.1 65.26 2.86 55.9 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 Rockdell 2 D 62.05 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 <1 <0.1 <5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 Rockdell 2 D 62.1 15.16 43 866.2 1.7 7.3 242.02 62.1 65.26 3.93 20.3 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 Rockdell 3 D 61.89 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 5.9 48.2 0.523 5 <0.1 7.64 <20 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 Rockdell 3 D 61.9 22 105 830 1.4 6.9 244.77 61.9 65.26 1.18 64 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 Rockdell 4 D 61.9 16.45 157 731.6 3.3 6 240.28 61.9 65.26 5.67 8.6 <0.1 4.56 40.7 0.483 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 Rockdell 1 L 39.56 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.99 16.7 1.87 15 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 Rockdell 1 L 39.6 12.93 236 532.6 4.6 8.8 239.22 39.6 42.35 6.79 23 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 Rockdell 2 L 39.56 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.74 15.2 1.64 15 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 Rockdell 2 L 39.6 13.3 189 569 1.6 9.6 241.06 39.6 42.35 4.95 24.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 Rockdell 3 L 39.56 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.61 14.9 2.2 15 <0.1 3.86 <20 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 Rockdell 3 L 39.6 19.52 272 543 1.2 9.7 242.06 39.6 42.35 3.95 11.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 Rockdell 4 L 39.56 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.66 13.6 2.17 10 <0.1 4.85 <20 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 Rockdell 4 L 39.6 15.08 55 544.1 1.9 7.2 241.11 39.6 42.35 4.9 8.5 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 Rockdell 1 U 15.2 9.08 307 341.9 4 6.5 240.5 15.2 19.61 5.63 8.2 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 Rockdell 1 U 15.24 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 0.861 4.75 0.139 15 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 Rockdell 2 U 15.2 13.5 375 363 2.8 6.8 239.63 15.2 19.61 6.5 16.8 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 Rockdell 2 U 15.24 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.05 4.59 0.085 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 Rockdell 3 U 15.2 21.43 439 369 2.7 6.5 239.93 15.2 19.61 6.2 13.5 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 Rockdell 3 U 15.24 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 <1 3.33 0.115 20 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 Rockdell 4 U 15.2 16 347 421 2.1 6.6 235.68 15.2 19.61 10.45 7.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 Rockdell 4 U 15.24 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.24 5.01 0.103 50 <0.1 <2 38.2 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 Benbolt 2 L 46.2 - - - - - - - - - - 6.46 614 2240 3.84 15 <0.1 7.34 <20 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 Benbolt 1 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.23 44.1 0.138 - <0.1 - <20 2.3-D-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 4 of 25)

Detailed Analytes ANIONS GENERAL CHEMISTRY Oxidation Specific GW Water Chlorine, Biological COD, Temperature, reduction Conductance, Oxygen, pH, Elevation Sample Well Level Turbidity, Chloride, Sulfate, Fluoride, Color Total Oxygen Low Sample_ Celsius potential Field dissolved Field (m above Depth Depth Depth Field Bromide total total total (Pt-Co Residual Demand Level Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID Formation Quarter Depth depth (m) (degrees C) (mV) (umhos/cm) (mg/L) (pH) s/l) (m) (m) (m) (m) (NTU) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) units) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)

CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 Benbolt 1 U 15.2 8.79 478 938.1 5.3 6.5 234.78 15.2 18.36 9.49 5.4 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 Benbolt 1 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 Benbolt 1 U 15.2 12.04 166 912.6 3.9 6.1 234.82 15.2 18.36 9.45 1.1 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 Benbolt 1 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10 - <2 -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 Benbolt 1 U 15.2 10.32 380 871.2 3 6.4 234.82 15.2 18.36 9.45 0.9 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 Benbolt 2 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - 0.327 2.75 42.9 0.162 <5 <0.1 2.52 <20 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 Benbolt 2 U 15.2 14.6 75 890 0.1 6.5 234 15.2 18.36 10.27 6.6 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 Benbolt 3 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 1.66 39.5 0.111 5 <0.1 <2 <20 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 Benbolt 3 U 15.2 20.6 366 897.7 0.5 6.5 233.65 15.2 18.36 10.62 5 - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 Benbolt 4 U 15.16 - - - - - - - - - - <0.1 2.27 42.4 <0.1 <5 <0.1 2.93 <20 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 Benbolt 4 U 15.2 15.93 288 870.9 1.4 6.3 232.94 15.2 18.36 11.33 7.8 - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 5 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GENERAL CHEMISTRY METALS (total)

Methy-Alka- Phos- Carbon, lene pH, Phenols, linity, TSS Oil & Nitrogen, Nitrite + phorus, total Cyanide, Sulfide, Blue Lab Sample Report Lab total Lab (mg/ Grease Ammonia Nitrate total organic total total Active Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesium Well ID Date ID (pH) (ug/L) (mg/L) L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Sub (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L)

Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.2 NA NA NA 6 10 2000 4 NA 5 NA 100 NA 130 NA 15 NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 6.48 <50 311 4.9 <4.47 0.146 0.689 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.087 <0.1 <10 <10 352 <4 53.8 <1 62.6 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 25.5 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 6.76 <50 302 11.2 <4.47 0.138 0.409 <0.1 1.24 <0.01 <0.1 0.153 <0.1 <10 <10 324 <4 53.5 <1 54.6 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 23.9 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 6.8 <50 349 56.8 <4.31 0.227 0.585 <0.1 1.97 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.653 <10 <10 296 <4 111 <1 57.4 <5 <10 <10 531 <5 24.3 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 7.13 <50 239 2.2 <4.41 0.651 0.599 <0.1 6.78 <0.01 <0.1 0.071 <0.1 <10 <10 267 <4 71 <1 49.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 23.8 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 6.85 <50 181 14.1 <4.63 0.728 0.162 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.698 <10 <10 380 <4 <50 <1 59.1 10.5 <10 <10 543 <5 29.4 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 7.83 <50 247 29.6 <4.13 0.155 0.22 1.68 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.032 0.887 <10 <10 386 <4 <50 <1 68 8.2 <10 <10 708 <5 31.9 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 6.91 <50 209 - - 0.134 0.183 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0 0.137 <10 <10 430 <4 <50 <1 50.6 6.6 <10 <10 124 <5 28 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 7.41 <50 204 23.4 <4.36 <0.1 0.129 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.381 <10 <10 424 <4 <50 <1 52.4 5.4 <10 <10 196 <5 29.2 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 7.38 <50 271 5.9 <4.86 <0.1 0.534 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.22 <10 <10 309 <4 <50 <1 59.8 <5 <10 <10 181 <5 32.9 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 7.47 <50 264 3.9 <4.74 <0.1 0.214 <0.1 1.04 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.2 <10 <10 312 <4 <50 <1 54.2 <5 <10 <10 158 <5 30.4 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 7.32 <50 247 13.2 <4.22 0.603 0.328 <0.1 1.95 0.115 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 363 <4 <50 <1 62.7 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 35.2 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 8.1 <50 253 28.2 <4.52 <0.1 0.217 0.259 1.45 0.021 <0.1 <0.05 0.118 <10 <10 398 <4 <50 <1 66 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 37.9 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 8.17 <50 649 5.23 <4.52 0.659 <0.1 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.227 <10 <10 <10 <4 1910 <1 7.5 <5 <10 <10 164 <5 4.2 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 - <50 653 9.3 - 0.745 <0.1 <0.1 1.42 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.5 <50 <50 <50 <20 2070 <5 8.41 <25 <50 <50 <500 <25 <5 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 7.62 <50 596 4.7 <4.22 0.744 <0.1 <0.1 1.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.5 <50 <50 <50 <20 2170 <5 8.48 <25 <50 <50 <500 <25 5.29 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 7.2 <50 235 3.2 <4 <0.1 0.897 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 20.8 <4 <50 <1 118 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 3.57 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 7.14 74 297 2.5 <4.41 0.184 1.08 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.021 <0.1 <10 <10 29.7 <4 <50 <1 114 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 7.74 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 7.21 <50 220 3.1 <4.31 <0.1 0.852 <0.1 1.51 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 18.5 <4 <50 <1 104 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 3.46 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 6.92 <50 265 <1.05 <4.47 <0.1 0.746 0.184 1.37 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 40.6 <4 <50 <1 105 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 14.7 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 7.61 <50 279 2 <4.74 0.142 <0.1 0.425 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 51.9 <4 199 <1 97.1 <5 <10 <10 194 <5 15.5 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 5.87 <50 329 7.5 <4.57 <0.1 0.075 0.577 1.07 <0.01 <0.1 0.027 0.347 <10 <10 56.3 <4 205 0.3 101 <5 <10 <10 448 <5 14.6 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 7.37 <50 280 6.8 <4.57 0.109 <0.1 <0.1 1.45 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.425 <10 <10 52.9 <4 170 <1 103 <5 <10 <10 379 <5 15.1 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 6.22 <50 279 4.5 <4.31 0.624 <0.1 <0.1 1.48 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 48.5 <4 181 <1 120 <5 <10 <10 131 <5 16 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 7.53 <50 255 8.49 <4.74 0.192 0.207 <0.1 1.34 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.396 <10 <10 32.2 <4 <50 <1 101 <5 <10 <10 327 <5 17.4 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 7.17 <50 274 47.2 <4.63 0.125 0.249 <0.1 1.38 <0.01 <0.1 0.025 0.365 <10 <10 32 <4 25.9 <1 105 <5 <10 <10 327 <5 16.3 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 7.37 <50 251 8.9 <4.68 0.746 0.206 0.144 4.97 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.54 <10 <10 34.7 <4 <50 <1 105 <5 <10 <10 566 <5 16.7 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 7.14 <50 268 12.4 <4.41 2.18 <0.1 <0.1 1.55 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 36.7 <4 62 <1 131 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 18.1 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 7.15 <50 272 12.8 <4.41 0.778 <0.1 <0.1 1.61 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 36.3 <4 69.7 <1 130 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 18.2 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 7.75 <50 238 - <4.52 0.125 1.18 0.239 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 353 <4 <50 <1 57 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 36.4 2.3-D-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 6 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GENERAL CHEMISTRY METALS (total)

Methy-Alka- Phos- Carbon, lene pH, Phenols, linity, TSS Oil & Nitrogen, Nitrite + phorus, total Cyanide, Sulfide, Blue Lab Sample Report Lab total Lab (mg/ Grease Ammonia Nitrate total organic total total Active Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesium Well ID Date ID (pH) (ug/L) (mg/L) L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Sub (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L)

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - <1.02 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 7.52 <50 276 15.3 <4.47 <0.1 1.32 <0.1 1.28 <0.01 <0.1 0.028 <0.1 <10 <10 343 <4 <50 <1 55.9 <5 <10 <10 33.5 <5 35.3 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 7.4 <50 254 19 10.7 <0.1 1.14 <0.1 1.76 0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.14 <10 <10 334 <4 <50 <1 54.7 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 35.4 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 7.24 <50 238 9 <4.57 0.547 1.26 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.269 <10 <10 324 <4 <50 <1 49.3 <5 <10 <10 132 <5 32.2 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 7.61 <50 241 <1 <4.47 0.169 0.659 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.12 <10 <10 128 <4 193 <1 50.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 17.9 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 7.64 <50 273 0.8 <4.74 0.076 0.722 <0.1 0.566 <0.01 <0.1 0.023 <0.1 <10 <10 134 <4 189 <1 53.9 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 17.9 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 6.37 <50 237 1.21 <4.57 <0.1 0.545 0.143 <1 0.012 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 139 <4 202 <1 52.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 18.6 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 6.68 <50 252 1.1 <4.52 <0.111 0.426 0.106 1.29 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 171 <4 213 <1 53.2 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 20.2 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 7.18 <50 220 2.6 <4.17 0.221 0.344 0.169 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.166 <10 <10 130 <4 <50 <1 57.8 <5 <10 <10 128 <5 30.1 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 7.67 <50 233 5.9 <4.47 0.154 0.284 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.027 0.43 <10 <10 193 <4 <50 <1 48 <5 <10 <10 285 <5 29.4 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 7.56 <50 211 2.8 <4.47 <0.1 0.318 <0.1 1.04 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 175 <4 <50 <1 53.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 30.8 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 7.35 <50 203 24.4 <4.47 <0.1 0.34 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.741 <10 <10 190 <4 <50 <1 43.8 <5 <10 <10 375 <5 27.3 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 7.12 <50 239 1.7 <4.52 0.105 0.231 0.182 1.2 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 25.6 <4 <50 <1 73.1 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 27 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 7.22 <50 290 2.2 <4.52 0.108 0.161 <0.1 1.18 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 27.4 <4 <50 <1 70.7 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 29.4 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 6.96 <50 245 4.3 <4.52 0.18 0.229 <0.1 2.07 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.136 <10 <10 26.1 <4 <50 <1 70.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 29.7 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 5.95 <50 268 5.1 <4.47 <0.1 0.129 <0.1 1.56 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.36 <10 <10 35.1 <4 <50 <1 82.7 <5 <10 <10 234 120 34.9 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 7.49 <50 242 2.5 <4.31 <0.1 0.617 0.896 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.114 <10 <10 582 <4 <50 <1 65.7 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 28.4 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 7.55 <50 240 1.4 <4.68 <0.1 0.558 <0.1 1.22 <0.01 <0.1 0.028 <0.1 <10 <10 421 <4 <50 <1 60.9 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 28.9 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 7.64 <50 199 1.2 <4.63 <0.1 0.502 <0.1 1.42 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 446 <4 <50 <1 58.7 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 26 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 7.39 <50 215 3.9 <4.52 0.209 0.492 <0.1 1.66 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 544 <4 <50 <1 65.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 27.1 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 7.42 <50 229 561 <4.47 0.246 <0.1 0.168 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 3.45 <10 <10 70 <4 <50 <1 95.6 <5 <10 <10 4660 5.5 37.2 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 - - 248 - - <0.1 0.094 <0.1 1.08 - - - 10.4 <10 7 138 1.4 <50 1.2 143 11.6 7.4 21.7 11900 10.6 65.1 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 - - 242 1570 - - - - - - - <0.05 1.55 <10 <10 62.7 <4 <50 <1 109 <5 <10 14.8 2210 <5 47.5 CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 7.58 <50 188 16 <4.47 12 <0.1 0.126 2.81 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.112 <10 <10 120 <4 258 <1 19.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 15 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 7.82 <50 200 9.57 <4.22 0.324 <0.1 1.6 1.7 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 124 <4 231 <1 17.8 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 13.5 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 7.43 <50 181 31.4 <4.63 0.22 <0.1 <0.1 1.66 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.416 <10 <10 166 <4 237 <1 25.5 <5 <10 <10 287 <5 16.8 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 7.4 <50 186 48.7 <4.47 0.324 <0.1 <0.1 3.04 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.168 <10 <10 152 <4 273 <1 19.5 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 16.2 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 7.57 <50 199 4.3 <4.57 0.116 1.62 0.13 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.078 <0.1 <10 <10 113 <4 172 <1 32.2 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 25.8 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 7.89 <50 183 3.8 <4.36 0.138 1.97 <0.1 5.99 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 91.6 <4 185 <1 32.3 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 24.9 2.3-D-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 7 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GENERAL CHEMISTRY METALS (total)

Methy-Alka- Phos- Carbon, lene pH, Phenols, linity, TSS Oil & Nitrogen, Nitrite + phorus, total Cyanide, Sulfide, Blue Sample Lab Lab total Lab (mg/ Grease Ammonia Nitrate total organic total total Active Aluminum Antimony Arsenic Barium Beryllium Boron Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Lead Magnesium Well ID Date Report ID (pH) (ug/L) (mg/L) L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L) Sub (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L)

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 7.51 <50 183 13.5 <4.47 0.722 1.78 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 74.5 <4 191 <1 32.1 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 24.6 CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 7.57 <50 183 9.15 <4.31 0.113 1.91 <0.1 1.74 0.013 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 77.4 <4 179 <1 30.6 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 23.1 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 7.71 <50 269 2.5 <4 0.173 2.62 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.379 <10 <10 20.4 <4 <50 <1 76.5 <5 <10 <10 375 <5 28.4 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 7.33 <50 305 38.8 <4.52 <0.1 2.22 <0.1 <1 <0.01 <0.1 0.027 1.51 <10 <10 27.8 <4 <50 <1 78.1 <5 <10 <10 1620 <5 28.4 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 7.19 <50 266 26.3 <4.57 0.114 2.09 <0.1 1.79 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 1.38 <10 <10 27.8 <4 <50 <1 85.2 <5 <10 <10 1430 <5 30.3 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 7.27 <50 258 5.4 <4.22 <0.1 1.91 <0.1 1.25 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 14.5 <4 <50 <1 74.5 <5 <10 <10 128 <5 25.2 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 9.6 <50 462 7.1 <4.68 0.474 <0.1 0.146 1.36 <0.01 <0.1 0.205 0.242 <10 <10 <10 <4 1100 <1 1.2 <5 <10 <10 207 <5 <1 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 6.87 <50 334 7.8 <4 0.277 <0.1 0.152 1.69 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.48 <10 <10 104 <4 471 <1 22.9 <5 <10 <10 573 <5 12 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 7.43 <50 368 8.7 <4.41 0.456 <0.1 <0.1 1.27 <0.01 <0.1 0.024 0.125 <10 <10 207 <4 520 <1 26.4 <5 <10 <10 221 <5 20.1 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 6.97 <50 324 6 <4.74 0.282 <0.1 0.438 2.62 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.377 <10 <10 137 <4 553 <1 26.1 <5 <10 <10 417 <5 14.8 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 6.05 <50 336 2.5 <4.63 0.386 <0.1 <0.1 1.8 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 228 <4 567 <1 36.9 <5 <10 <10 152 <5 21.5 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 8.36 <50 242 5.51 <4.52 0.266 <0.1 <0.1 2.86 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.388 <10 <10 12.7 <4 200 <1 4.96 <5 <10 <10 237 <5 1.72 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 9.57 <50 278 8.4 <4.36 0.254 <0.1 0.109 1.32 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.646 <10 <10 <10 <4 186 <1 3.72 <5 <10 <10 364 <5 <1 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 9.94 <50 243 4.4 <4.27 0.435 <0.1 0.332 3.14 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.687 <10 <10 <10 <4 235 <1 3.03 <5 <10 <10 360 <5 <1 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 8.02 <50 247 3.6 <4.57 4.88 <0.1 0.166 2.74 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.5 <10 <10 <10 <4 252 <1 2.82 <5 <10 <10 243 <5 <1 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 7.13 <50 190 1.63 <4.8 <0.1 0.035 <0.1 1.97 0.004 <0.1 0.016 0.148 <10 <10 15.1 <4 <50 <1 71.8 <5 <10 <10 109 <5 4.35 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 7.36 <50 199 1.7 <4.52 <0.1 0.266 <0.1 1.17 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.208 <10 <10 13.3 <4 <50 <1 77 <5 <10 <10 151 <5 4.65 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 6.75 <50 158 2.7 <4.36 0.259 1.47 <0.1 5.37 <0.01 <0.1 0.062 0.239 <10 <10 12 <4 <50 <1 69.5 <5 <10 <10 185 <5 3.9 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 7.16 <50 182 2.3 <4.27 0.511 0.916 <0.1 2.99 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 0.362 <10 <10 14.7 <4 <50 <1 89 <5 <10 <10 264 <5 5.89 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 8.28 <50 415 281 <4.52 0.822 2.36 <0.1 2.18 0.019 <0.1 0.047 <1 <100 <100 <100 <40 1380 <10 22.6 <50 <100 <100 <1000 <50 13.3 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - 428 - - 0.108 <0.1 <0.1 1.59 - - - 0.416 <10 <10 37.9 <4 <50 <1 183 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 10.5 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - <50 - - - - - - - 0.019 <0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 6.96 - - 1.4 <4.8 - - - - - - <0.05 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 6.88 <50 477 1.4 <4.57 0.149 <0.1 <0.1 1.76 <0.01 <0.1 0.029 <0.1 <10 <10 36.2 <4 52.7 <1 187 <5 <10 <10 106 <5 12.9 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 6.86 <50 420 1.4 <3.92 0.146 <0.1 <0.1 1.58 <0.01 <0.1 0.064 <0.1 <10 <10 28.9 <4 58.7 <1 181 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 9.63 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 6.57 <50 410 2.84 <4.63 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1.55 <0.01 <0.1 <0.05 <0.1 <10 <10 29.2 <4 <50 <1 186 <5 <10 <10 <100 <5 9.71 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 8 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GROSS ALPHA AND GROSS BETA METALS (total) RADIOACTIVITY SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Mang- Moly- Pota- Sel- Tha- Tita- Alpha, Beta, Radium Radium Sr90, 1,2,4 1,2,5,6 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 Sample Lab Report anese bdenum Nickel ssium enium Silver Sodium llium Tin nium Zinc total total Tritium 226, total 228, total total Tec99 Trichloro- Dibenzan- Dichloro- Diphenyl- Dichloro- Dichloro-Well ID Date ID (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) benzene thracene benzene hydrazine benzene benzene Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA 100 NA 50 100 NA 2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 70 NA NA NA NA NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 125 <50 <10 13.2 <10 <5 29 <10 <50 <50 <50 7.02 13.9 <500 1.02 0.496 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 87.6 <50 <10 33.3 <10 <5 24.9 <10 <50 <50 <50 9.74 28.7 <500 0.876 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 118 <50 <10 29.8 <10 <5 73.4 <10 <50 <50 <50 10.8 27.2 <500 1.31 0.541 <3 8.16 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 40.1 <50 <10 10.8 <10 <5 39.2 <10 <50 <50 <50 8.62 9.66 <500 0.738 0.478 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 18.9 <50 <10 2.15 <10 <5 1.33 <10 <50 <50 <50 3.39 1.45 <500 0.416 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 17.7 <50 <10 2.95 <10 <5 5.05 <10 <50 <50 72.9 <3 2.86 <500 0.44 0.413 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <15 <50 <10 1.97 <10 <5 1.2 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.68 <500 0.385 0.509 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <15 <50 <10 2.07 <10 <5 1.04 <10 <50 <50 <50 2.93 2.42 <500 0.402 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <15 <50 <10 1.58 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.293 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 <15 <50 <10 1.67 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 8.09 <4 <500 0.436 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <15 <50 <10 1.71 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 3.01 3.2 <500 0.287 <1 0.35 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <15 <50 <10 1.8 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 5.56 1.71 <500 0.399 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <15 <50 <10 8.84 <10 <5 1080 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.163 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <75 <250 <50 5.73 <50 <25 1070 <50 <250 <250 <250 <3 <4 <500 0.429 <1 0.359 <3 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <75 <250 <50 6.28 <50 <25 1150 <50 <250 <250 <250 <3 30.2 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <15 <50 <10 1.75 <10 <5 5.38 <10 <50 <50 <50 5.2 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <15 <50 <10 6.32 <10 <5 4.73 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.132 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <15 <50 <10 1.11 <10 <5 3.74 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.16 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <15 <50 <10 3.09 <10 <5 5.02 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.13 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 38.1 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 45.4 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.17 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 30.7 <50 <10 0.873 <10 <5 50.2 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 23.9 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 38.6 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 8.62 <500 <1 <1 0.428 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 19.2 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 34.3 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 20.8 <50 <10 1.81 <10 <5 4.27 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 7.5 <50 <10 1.54 <10 <5 4.1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 2.12 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <10.4 <2.08 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 21.2 <50 <10 1.7 <10 <5 3.28 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 2 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 41.9 <50 <10 1.6 <10 <5 4.1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 40.4 <50 <10 1.57 <10 <5 4.04 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <15 <50 <10 1.86 <10 <5 3.18 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.163 <1 <3 <3 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 9 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GROSS ALPHA AND GROSS BETA METALS (total) RADIOACTIVITY SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Mang- Moly- Pota- Sel- Tha- Tita- Alpha, Beta, Radium Radium Sr90, 1,2,4 1,2,5,6 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 Sample Lab Report anese bdenum Nickel ssium enium Silver Sodium llium Tin nium Zinc total total Tritium 226, total 228, total total Tec99 Trichloro- Dibenzan- Dichloro- Diphenyl- Dichloro- Dichloro-Well ID Date ID (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) benzene thracene benzene hydrazine benzene benzene CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <15 <50 <10 1.75 <10 <5 2.92 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <15 <50 <10 1.71 <10 <5 3.16 <10 <50 <50 <50 3.76 3.95 <500 <1 <1 0.383 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <15 <50 <10 1.88 <10 <5 2.99 <10 <50 <50 <50 4.17 <4 <500 0.273 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <15 <50 <10 2.51 <10 <5 39.1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <15 0.9 18.8 2.24 <10 <5 39.8 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.168 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <15 <50 <10 2.17 <10 <5 36.4 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 4.18 <500 0.122 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <15 <50 <10 2.36 <10 <5 32.5 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 284 0.208 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <15 <50 <10 2.56 <10 <5 5.08 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.61 <500 0.16 <1 <3 <3 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <15 <50 <10 2.46 <10 <5 2.39 <10 <50 <50 <50 5.78 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <15 <50 <10 2.32 <10 <5 2.65 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 2.69 <500 0.21 0.372 <3 <3 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 20 <50 <10 2.46 <10 <5 2.15 <10 <50 <50 <50 4.56 2.08 <500 0.525 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <15 <50 <10 1.35 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.33 <1.67 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <15 <50 <10 1.28 <10 <5 1.07 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <15 <50 <10 1.24 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 0.317 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <15 <50 <10 1.71 <10 <5 1.37 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <15 <50 <10 1.68 <10 <5 1.09 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.73 <500 0.473 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <15 <50 <10 2.3 <10 <5 1.42 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.82 <500 0.31 <1 <3 <3 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <15 <50 <10 2.23 <10 <5 1.44 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.78 <500 0.256 0.295 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <15 <50 <10 1.23 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.248 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 319 <50 <10 1.81 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 13 4.71 <500 0.551 0.915 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 902 <50 4.9 2.19 <10 <5 0.812 <10 <50 36.9 33.8 - - - - <1 <3 - <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 256 <50 <10 1.33 <10 <5 1.12 <10 <50 <50 <50 - - <500 1.2 1.06 <3 <3 - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <15 <50 <10 27.4 <10 <5 35 <10 <50 <50 <50 4.56 23.5 <500 0.326 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 18.6 <50 <10 23.7 <10 <5 31 <10 <50 <50 <50 6.71 20.2 <500 0.365 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 31.4 <50 <10 25 <10 <5 37.5 <10 <50 <50 <50 4.12 26.4 <500 0.362 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 28.7 <50 <10 26.3 <10 <5 33.7 <10 <50 <50 <50 4.38 21.8 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <15 <50 <10 13.2 <10 <5 11.8 <10 <50 <50 <50 5.39 10.2 <500 0.11 <1 <3 2.89 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <15 <50 <10 13.6 <10 <5 18.3 <10 <50 <50 <50 3.59 10.4 <500 0.248 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <15 <50 <10 14.2 <10 <5 15.8 <10 <50 <50 <50 3.37 23 <500 0.223 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <15 <50 <10 14 <10 <5 14.3 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 12.3 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 10 of 25)

Detailed Analytes GROSS ALPHA AND GROSS BETA METALS (total) RADIOACTIVITY SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Mang- Moly- Pota- Sel- Tha- Tita- Alpha, Beta, Radium Radium Sr90, 1,2,4 1,2,5,6 1,2 1,2 1,3 1,4 Sample Lab Report anese bdenum Nickel ssium enium Silver Sodium llium Tin nium Zinc total total Tritium 226, total 228, total total Tec99 Trichloro- Dibenzan- Dichloro- Diphenyl- Dichloro- Dichloro-Well ID Date ID (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (mg/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) (pCi/L) benzene thracene benzene hydrazine benzene benzene CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 1.09 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 1.48 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <15 <50 <10 1.06 <10 <5 1.43 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 1.29 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 0.174 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - <3 8.19 - - - <3 - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <15 <50 <10 5.22 <10 <5 250 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 3.35 405 0.108 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 27.1 <50 <10 4.81 <10 <5 149 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 4.7 847 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 24.4 <50 <10 5.01 <10 <5 120 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 3.87 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 31.2 <50 <10 6.43 <10 <5 162 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 8.34 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 39.2 <50 <10 5.16 <10 <5 125 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 4.14 329 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <15 <50 <10 6.06 <10 <5 109 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 4.24 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <15 <50 <10 4.73 <10 <5 112 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 3.55 <500 0.13 <1 <3 <3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <15 <50 <10 4.63 <10 <5 122 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 3.4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <15 <50 <10 4.3 <10 <5 141 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 3.15 <500 <1 0.427 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 1.09 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 0.469 <3 <3 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 1.15 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 <1 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 8.89 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <15 <50 <10 <1 <10 <5 1.77 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <150 <500 <100 16.5 <100 <50 1650 <100 <500 <500 <500 <3 <4 <500 0.271 <1 <3 <3 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 535 <50 <10 1.16 <10 <5 5.06 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 - - - <3 - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.119 <1 <3 - <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 790 <50 <10 1.47 <10 <5 7.13 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 702 <50 <10 1 <10 <5 6.45 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 2.02 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 728 <50 <10 1.05 <10 <5 5.63 <10 <50 <50 <50 <3 <4 <500 <1 <1 <3 <3 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 11 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 4 2,4,6 2 4Bromo- Chloro- Bis (2-Tri- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,6 Chloro- 2 3,3' phenyl phenyl Benzo(B) Benzo Benzo(K) Chloro-Sample Lab Report chloro- chloro- methylp nitro- nitro- Dinitro- naph- Chloro 2Nitro- Dichloro- Phenyl Phenyl 4Nitro- Acenph- Acenaph- Anth- Ben- Benzo(a) fluor (ghi) fluor Benzoa ethoxy)

Well ID Date ID phenol phenol henol phenol toluene toluene thalene phenol phenol benzidine Ether Ether phenol thene thylene racene zidine anthracene anthene perylene anthene pyrene Methylene Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.2 NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <45.5 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <49 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <9.8 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <45.5 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <26 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <26 <2.08 <2.08 <2.08 <52.1 <2.08 <2.08 <2.08 <2.08 <2.08 <10.4 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <43.1 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <8.62 2.3-D-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 12 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 4 2,4,6 2 4Bromo- Chloro- Bis (2-Tri- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,6 Chloro- 2 3,3' phenyl phenyl Benzo(B) Benzo Benzo(K) Chloro-Sample Lab Report chloro- chloro- methylp nitro- nitro- Dinitro- naph- Chloro 2Nitro- Dichloro- Phenyl Phenyl 4Nitro- Acenph- Acenaph- Anth- Ben- Benzo(a) fluor (ghi) fluor Benzoa ethoxy)

Well ID Date ID phenol phenol henol phenol toluene toluene thalene phenol phenol benzidine Ether Ether phenol thene thylene racene zidine anthracene anthene perylene anthene pyrene Methylene CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <43.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <43.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <45.5 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <20.8 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <20.8 <1.67 <1.67 <1.67 <41.7 <1.67 <1.67 <1.67 <1.67 <1.67 <8.33 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <43.9 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 2.3-D-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 13 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 4 2,4,6 2 4Bromo- Chloro- Bis (2-Tri- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,4Di- 2,6 Chloro- 2 3,3' phenyl phenyl Benzo(B) Benzo Benzo(K) Chloro-Sample Lab Report chloro- chloro- methylp nitro- nitro- Dinitro- naph- Chloro 2Nitro- Dichloro- Phenyl Phenyl 4Nitro- Acenph- Acenaph- Anth- Ben- Benzo(a) fluor (ghi) fluor Benzoa ethoxy)

Well ID Date ID phenol phenol henol phenol toluene toluene thalene phenol phenol benzidine Ether Ether phenol thene thylene racene zidine anthracene anthene perylene anthene pyrene Methylene CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <47.2 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <44.6 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <48.1 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <43.1 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <1.72 <8.62 CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 <10 <10 <10 <25 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <2 <50 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <10 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <46.3 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <49 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <1.96 <9.8 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 14 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Bis DNOC Hexa (2-Chloro Bis(2 Bis (4,6 chloro Nitro Nnitro Nnitro Para-Lab iso Ethyl (chloro Di Di Dinitro Hexa Hexa cyclo Hexa Indeno NButyl sodi sodin sodi chlorom Sample Report propyl) hexyl) methyl) Chry ethyl methyl DinButyl DinOctyl Ortho Fluor chloro chloro penta chloro (1,2,3-cd) Iso Naphthal Benzyl Nitro methyl propy pheny eta Well ID Date ID Ethylene Phthalate ether sene Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Cresol) anthene Fluorene benzene butadiene diene ethane Pyrene phorone ene Phthalate benzene amine, n- lamine lamine Cresol Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 NA 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 <9.62 14 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 <8.93 20.7 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 7 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <8.93 99 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <1.96 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 <9.62 12.2 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 41 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 <9.09 10.6 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 <10.4 6.27 <10.4 <2.08 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <26 <2.08 <2.08 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <2.08 <10.4 <2.08 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 <10.4 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <1.72 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 2.3-D-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 15 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Bis DNOC Hexa (2-Chloro Bis(2 Bis (4,6 chloro Nitro Nnitro Nnitro Para-Lab iso Ethyl (chloro Di Di Dinitro Hexa Hexa cyclo Hexa Indeno NButyl sodi sodin sodi chlorom Sample Report propyl) hexyl) methyl) Chry ethyl methyl DinButyl DinOctyl Ortho Fluor chloro chloro penta chloro (1,2,3-cd) Iso Naphthal Benzyl Nitro methyl propy pheny eta Well ID Date ID Ethylene Phthalate ether sene Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Cresol) anthene Fluorene benzene butadiene diene ethane Pyrene phorone ene Phthalate benzene amine, n- lamine lamine Cresol CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <8.77 11.2 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <9.43 9.47 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <9.26 7.6 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <22.7 <1.82 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <1.82 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 <9.09 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <1.67 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <20.8 <1.67 <1.67 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <1.67 <8.33 <1.67 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 <8.33 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <21.9 <1.75 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <1.75 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 <8.77 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <9.43 10.3 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 <10 17.7 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <8.93 17.5 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 <9.26 14 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 <9.43 36.2 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 <9.43 21.2 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <9.43 10 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 2.3-D-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 16 of 25)

Detailed Analytes SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L)

Bis DNOC Hexa (2-Chloro Bis(2 Bis (4,6 chloro Nitro Nnitro Nnitro Para-Lab iso Ethyl (chloro Di Di Dinitro Hexa Hexa cyclo Hexa Indeno NButyl sodi sodin sodi chlorom Sample Report propyl) hexyl) methyl) Chry ethyl methyl DinButyl DinOctyl Ortho Fluor chloro chloro penta chloro (1,2,3-cd) Iso Naphthal Benzyl Nitro methyl propy pheny eta Well ID Date ID Ethylene Phthalate ether sene Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Phthalate Cresol) anthene Fluorene benzene butadiene diene ethane Pyrene phorone ene Phthalate benzene amine, n- lamine lamine Cresol CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <8.93 10.7 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 4 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 <10 57.9 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 10 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 <9.62 15.1 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <9.43 18.7 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <23.6 <1.89 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <1.89 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 <9.43 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <9.62 10.3 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <22.3 <1.79 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <1.79 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 <8.93 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <24 <1.92 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <1.92 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 <9.62 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <21.6 <1.72 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <1.72 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 <8.62 CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <25 <2 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <2 <10 <2 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 <10 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <23.1 <1.85 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <1.85 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 <9.26 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <24.5 <1.96 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <1.96 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 <9.8 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 17 of 25)

Detailed Analytes VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 1,1,1 1,1,2,2 Carbon Chloro Sample Lab Report Trichloro Tetrachloro 1,1,2Trichloro 1,1Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 2ChloroEthyl Benzene, Bromo Bromo Tetra Chloro dibromo Chloro Chloro Chloro Well ID Date ID ethane Ethane Ethane ethane ethane ethylene Propane Vinyl Ether Acrolein Acrylonitrile total form methane chloride Benzene methane Ethane form methane Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. 200 NA 5 NA 5 NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 100 NA NA 80 NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.87 <1 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.87 <1 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.13 <1 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.349 <1 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.291 <1 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 0.131 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 18 of 25)

Detailed Analytes VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 1,1,1 1,1,2,2 Carbon Chloro Sample Lab Report Trichloro Tetrachloro 1,1,2Trichloro 1,1Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 2ChloroEthyl Benzene, Bromo Bromo Tetra Chloro dibromo Chloro Chloro Chloro Well ID Date ID ethane Ethane Ethane ethane ethane ethylene Propane Vinyl Ether Acrolein Acrylonitrile total form methane chloride Benzene methane Ethane form methane CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.78 <1 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.985 <1 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.03 <1 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 <1 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.87 <1 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 0.134 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.47 <1 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.28 <1 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.14 <1 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.06 <1 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 19 of 25)

Detailed Analytes VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (ug/L) 1,1,1 1,1,2,2 Carbon Chloro Sample Lab Report Trichloro Tetrachloro 1,1,2Trichloro 1,1Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 1,2Dichloro 2ChloroEthyl Benzene, Bromo Bromo Tetra Chloro dibromo Chloro Chloro Chloro Well ID Date ID ethane Ethane Ethane ethane ethane ethylene Propane Vinyl Ether Acrolein Acrylonitrile total form methane chloride Benzene methane Ethane form methane CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 1.26 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 3.29 <1 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 5.49 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.648 <1 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 4.67 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 2.82 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 4 <1 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 2.09 <1 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.7 <1 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1.07 <1 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 4.02 <1 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 0.149 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0.415 <1 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <5 <50 <10 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 20 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Tetra Trans1,3 Sample Lab Report Hexane, Methylene chloro Dichloro Trichloro PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB alpha alpha Chlordane, Well ID Date ID n- Chloride ethylene Toluene Propene ethylene 1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 4,4'DDD 4,4'DDE Aldrin BHC Chlordane betaBHC gamma DDT Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA NA NA NA NA 5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 <1 <5 <1 1.01 <1 <1 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 0.0225 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 <1 <5 <1 0.166 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 3.88 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 3.11 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 0.591 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.403 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 21 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Tetra Trans1,3 Sample Lab Report Hexane, Methylene chloro Dichloro Trichloro PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB alpha alpha Chlordane, Well ID Date ID n- Chloride ethylene Toluene Propene ethylene 1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 4,4'DDD 4,4'DDE Aldrin BHC Chlordane betaBHC gamma DDT CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.833 <0.833 <0.833 <0.833 <0.833 <0.833 <0.833 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.391 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 <1 <5 0.499 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 <1 <5 <1 0.902 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <1 <5 <1 0.377 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.862 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 22 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Tetra Trans1,3 Sample Lab Report Hexane, Methylene chloro Dichloro Trichloro PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB PCB alpha alpha Chlordane, Well ID Date ID n- Chloride ethylene Toluene Propene ethylene 1016 1221 1232 1242 1248 1254 1260 4,4'DDD 4,4'DDE Aldrin BHC Chlordane betaBHC gamma DDT CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 2.88 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <1 <5 <1 2.83 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 14 0.484 <1 12.6 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 4.19 <5 <1 8.6 <1 <1 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.431 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 1.81 <5 <1 4.63 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <1 <5 <1 0.132 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.446 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 <1 <5 <1 0.224 <1 <1 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.481 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.417 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 <1 <5 <1 <1 <1 <1 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.463 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

2.3-D-23 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 23 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Mercury, total Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID deltaBHC Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Endrin Aldehyde Endrin Ketone gammaBHC (Lindane) Heptachlor Heptachlor Epoxide Toxaphene ug/L)

Values from 2016 EPA RSLs MCL Ref. NA 2 NA NA NA 2 NA NA 0.2 0.4 0.2 3 2 CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 1/10/2014 490442461 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW401D 4/22/2014 490515311 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 4/23/2014 490515311 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401D 8/25/2014 490601591 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 0.058 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW401D 11/5/2014 490655881 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 12/12/2013 490425661 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <0.0329 <2.63 <0.2 CRSOW401L 4/21/2014 490513721 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW401L 8/27/2014 490603081 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW401L 11/10/2014 490659561 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 12/10/2013 490423351 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - <0.2 CRSOW401U 4/18/2014 490512851 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW401U 8/27/2014 490603101 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW401U 11/10/2014 490659601 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW415L 1/9/2014 490441411 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW415L 4/23/2014 490515571 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW415L 8/20/2014 490598271 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW415L 11/11/2014 490660311 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW415U 12/17/2013 490429461 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW415U 4/21/2014 490513801 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW415U 8/19/2014 490597411 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW415U 11/11/2014 490660171 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <0.0202 <1.61 <0.2 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432061 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW416L 12/19/2013 490432062 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 4/16/2014 490511161 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 8/18/2014 490596541 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416L 11/6/2014 490657181 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 12/18/2013 490430601 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 4/15/2014 490510081 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW416U 8/22/2014 490600441 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655831 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW416U 11/5/2014 490655921 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431971 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 12/19/2013 490431972 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 2.3-D-24 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 24 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Mercury, Endrin Endrin Heptachlor total Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID deltaBHC Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Aldehyde Ketone gammaBHC (Lindane) Heptachlor Epoxide Toxaphene ug/L)

CRSOW418L 4/16/2014 490511241 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW418L 8/18/2014 490596501 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <0.0417 <3.33 <0.2 CRSOW418L 11/12/2014 490661571 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW418U 12/18/2013 490430531 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 4/15/2014 490509931 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW418U 8/19/2014 490597481 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW418U 11/7/2014 490658011 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/6/2014 490440451 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 1/8/2014 490440451 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW419L 4/24/2014 490516641 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW419L 8/26/2014 490602231 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419L 11/12/2014 490661611 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <3.45 <0.2 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW419U 12/20/2013 490432811 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <1.85 <0.2 CRSOW419U 4/23/2014 490515521 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW419U 8/18/2014 490596641 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW419U 11/4/2014 490654281 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW420L 12/10/2013 490423251 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW420L 4/17/2014 490512101 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW420L 8/26/2014 490602091 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW420L 11/6/2014 490657141 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW420U 12/12/2013 490425801 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <0.0156 <1.25 <0.2 CRSOW420U 4/16/2014 490511071 - - - - - - - - - - - - <0.2 CRSOW420U 8/26/2014 490602171 - - - - - - - - - - - - <0.2 CRSOW421D 1/9/2014 490441571 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW421D 4/21/2014 490513681 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW421D 8/21/2014 490599121 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW421D 8/27/2014 490599121 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421D 11/12/2014 490661451 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <3.45 <0.2 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW421L 1/13/2014 490443481 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW421L 4/17/2014 490511961 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421L 8/20/2014 490598311 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW421L 11/12/2014 490661491 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <0.0431 <3.45 <0.2 CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 12/17/2013 490429411 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 4/18/2014 490512911 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 2.3-D-25 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.3-D (Sheet 25 of 25)

Detailed Analytes PCB (ug/L)

Mercury, Endrin Endrin Heptachlor total Well ID Sample Date Lab Report ID deltaBHC Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Aldehyde Ketone gammaBHC (Lindane) Heptachlor Epoxide Toxaphene ug/L)

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW421U 8/27/2014 490603051 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW421U 11/7/2014 490658031 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422 4/2/2014 490499431 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW422D 1/16/2014 490446921 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <0.024 <1.92 <0.2 CRSOW428D 12/17/2013 490429471 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428D 4/22/2014 490514411 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428D 8/20/2014 490598321 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428D 11/6/2014 490657121 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW428L 12/16/2013 490428011 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428L 4/18/2014 490512861 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428L 8/22/2014 490600481 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428L 11/5/2014 490655751 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 12/16/2013 490428091 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 <0.2 CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 4/17/2014 490512041 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 8/21/2014 490599171 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <0.0313 <2.5 <0.2 CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW428U 11/6/2014 490657161 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <0.0223 <1.79 <0.2 CRSOW429L 4/24/2014 490516781 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - <0.2 CRSOW429U 12/18/2013 490430671 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/19/2013 490432271 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <0.025 <2 -

CRSOW429U 12/20/2013 490432741 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <0.0216 <1.72 <0.2 CRSOW429U 4/22/2014 490514531 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <0.0208 <1.67 <0.2 CRSOW429U 8/25/2014 490601641 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <0.0231 <1.85 <0.2 CRSOW429U 11/11/2014 490660271 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Notes:

Ref. MCL reference values from January 2016 EPA RSLs.

- blank = Table D entry is blank

< = nondetected analytes m = meters mg/L = milligrams per liter NA = not available ug/L = micrograms per liter Source: Reference 2.3-D-1. Fisher, Anna B., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Groundwater Quality Monitoring Report - Revision 3," May 9, 2017. Table 1 and App D Table 2.3-D-26 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4 ECOLOGY This section describes the terrestrial, wetland, and aquatic ecology of the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site and resources in the vicinity of the CRN Site that could be affected by the construction and operation of two or more small modular reactors (SMRs). Details regarding the locations of proposed facilities on the CRN Site and in offsite areas, construction activities and the areas affected, and the planned operation of facility systems, are provided in Chapter 3.

Subsection 2.4.1 describes the potentially affected terrestrial resources, including wetlands, and Subsection 2.4.2 describes the potentially affected aquatic resources. Transmission lines from the facility are expected to be added within existing onsite and offsite transmission line rights-of-way (ROWs) and within a short segment of a new ROW within the CRN Site. ROWs for cooling water intake and discharge pipelines are located within the CRN Site.

2.4.1 Terrestrial Ecology The construction and operation of two or more SMRs at the CRN Site has the potential to affect terrestrial resources occurring on and within the vicinity of the approximately 935-acre (ac) CRN Site, including upland and wetland habitats and the ecological communities they support. In addition, upland and wetland communities could be affected by construction in two offsite areas:

the Barge/Traffic Area immediately northwest of the CRN Site entrance, and the approximately 5-mile (mi) segment of the existing 500-kilovolt (kV) transmission line ROW east of the CRN Site. Improvements to the barge facility, roads, and intersections are planned at the Barge/Traffic Area. Installation of a 69-kV underground transmission line is planned for the existing ROW east of the CRN Site. This subsection describes the ecological characteristics of the terrestrial resources potentially affected by the construction and operation of SMRs at the CRN Site, barge and roadway infrastructure improvements in the Barge/Traffic Area, installation of a 69-kV underground transmission line, and modifications to the existing transmission system.

2.4.1.1 Upland Habitats 2.4.1.1.1 CRN Site The CRN Site is located within the Ridge and Valley Ecoregion, a relatively low-lying area with roughly parallel ridges and valleys that extends across eastern Tennessee between the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east and the Cumberland Plateau to the west. The CRN Site overlaps two subdivisions of the Ridge and Valley Ecoregion: the Southern Limestone/Dolomite Valleys and Rolling Hills Ecoregion and the Southern Dissected Ridges and Knobs Ecoregion (Figure 2.4.1-1). Over 95 percent of the CRN Site is within the Southern Limestone/Dolomite Valleys and Rolling Hills, a diverse ecoregion with a geology characterized by limestone, cherty dolomite, and mostly undulating landforms of rounded ridges and valleys with many caves and springs. Vegetation land cover includes forests, pasture, and agricultural crops, and development in the ecoregion includes commercial, industrial, and residential land uses. Only the southern tip of the Clinch River Property peninsula is within the Southern Dissected Ridges 2.4.1-1 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report and Knobs Ecoregion. The vegetation community within these lower elevations of the Southern Dissected Ridges and Knobs Ecoregion is mainly mixed mesophytic forest dominated by white oak (Quercus alba) and tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). (Reference 2.4.1-1)

Field surveys of vegetation on the Clinch River Property, including the CRN Site as well as the adjacent Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area (HPA), were conducted by Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) in April and July of 2011 and September of 2013. The surveys were performed to characterize terrestrial vegetation communities, identify invasive plants, and search for listed plant species with the potential to occur in the habitats present (Reference 2.4.1-1). Based on interpretation of aerial photographs and the findings of these field surveys, dominant vegetation communities and other land cover types on the CRN Site were mapped (Figure 2.4.1-1). Over 75 percent of the CRN Site is covered by forest, approximately 22 percent is covered by herbaceous vegetation, and less than 1 percent (approximately 0.3 percent) is covered by small ponds. The remaining 2 percent of the CRN Site is classified as roads and developed areas.

Table 2.4.1-1 shows the percentage of the CRN Site covered by each type of vegetation community or land use and the estimated acreage of each type based on a total CRN Site area of approximately 935 ac. Figure 2.4.1-1 depicts land cover types on the CRN Site.

TVA identified the dominant vegetation communities on the CRN Site as mixed evergreen-deciduous forest, deciduous forest, evergreen forest, and herbaceous vegetation.

Characteristics of the vegetation communities on the CRN Site are described below, including examples of species generally representative of these community types. Lists of species actually recorded in vegetation surveys of the communities on the Clinch River Property are identified by their common and scientific names in Table 2.4.1-2. (Reference 2.4.1-1)

Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest consists of forest stands in which both evergreen and deciduous species contribute 25 to 75 percent of the total canopy cover. On the CRN Site, this forest occurs mostly as oak-hickory-pine dry forest on ridges. The dominant oaks include black oak (Quercus velutina), chestnut oak (Q. montana), northern red oak (Q. rubra), southern red oak (Q. falcata), and white oak. The dominant hickories include mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), pignut hickory (C. glabra), and shagbark hickory (C. ovata). The dominant pine is the Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), and scattered eastern red cedars (Juniperus virginiana) are also present. Common understory species include black gum (Nyssa sylvatica), muscle wood (Carpinus caroliniana), and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum), and the herbaceous layer includes running ground cedar (Diphasiastrum digitatum), spotted wintergreen (Chimaphila maculata), ebony spleenwort (Asplenium platyneuron), black snakeroot (Cimicifuga racemosa),

Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides), little brown jug (Hexastylis arifolia), southern wood sorrel (Oxalis corniculata), and yellow giant hyssop (Agastache nepetoides). (Reference 2.4.1-1)

Deciduous forest, the second most prevalent forest type on the CRN Site, is characterized by trees with overlapping crowns and a canopy of more than 75 percent deciduous species. The deciduous forests on the CRN Site include three subtypes. The most extensive subtype is mixed mesophytic hardwood forest with a canopy that is dominated by tulip poplar and also 2.4.1-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report includes American beech (Fagus grandifolia), white oak, and yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava).

The understory is varied and includes American holly (Ilex opaca), Carolina buckthorn (Rhamnus caroliniana), flowering dogwood (Cornus florida), maple-leaf viburnum (Viburnum acerifolium), pawpaw (Asimina triloba), sassafras (Sassafras albidum), serviceberry (Amelanchier arborea), and wild black cherry (Prunus serotina). The diverse herbaceous layer includes bishops cap (Mitella diphylla), blue cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides), blood root (Sanguinaria canadensis), dog-tooth violet (Erythronium americanum), foam-flower (Tiarella cordifolia), Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum), maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum),

Solomons seal (Polygonatum biflorum), and many others. (Reference 2.4.1-1)

A second deciduous forest subtype, calcareous forest, occurs in several areas within the CRN Site that are underlain by limestone. The majority of the forested areas underlain by limestone are within the Grassy Creek HPA on the Clinch River Property immediately north of the CRN Site and on a few mesic slopes on the CRN Site adjacent to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. Species with affinities for calcareous soils occur in these areas, including eastern red cedar, eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis), bladdernut (Staphylea trifolia), and herbs such as Appalachian bugbane (Cimicifuga rubifolia), glade fern (Diplazium pycnocarpon), green violet (Hybanthus concolor), Jacobs ladder (Polemonium reptans), and walking fern (Asplenium rhizophyllum). Two Tennessee species of special concern that occur in this forest are the herbs American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) and spreading false-foxglove (Aureolaria patula).

(Reference 2.4.1-1)

A third deciduous forest subtype, wetland forest, occurs near the edge of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir and in association with the riparian areas of tributaries on the CRN Site. These forests are dominated by American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), black willow, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), silky dogwood (Cornus amomum), and tag alder (Alnus serrulata). Other common trees and shrubs observed include persimmon (Diospyros virginiana),

box elder (Acer negundo), Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), tall false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum). Herbaceous species in these wetland forests include netted chain fern (Woodwardia areolata), jewelweed (Impatiens capensis), lizard tail (Saururus cernuus), rose mallow (Hibiscus sp.), waterwillow (Justicia americana), yellow flag (Iris pseudacorus), and several species of grasses, rushes, and sedges. (Reference 2.4.1-1) Each of the wetlands on the CRN Site is described in Subsection 2.4.1.2 and mapped in Figure 2.4.1-1.

Evergreen forest present on the CRN Site consists of remnant areas of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and white pine (Pinus strobus) plantations, which cover a total of approximately 3 percent of the CRN Site (Reference 2.4.1-1).

An herbaceous vegetation community consists of greater than 25 percent grasses and forbs.

Herbaceous vegetation is the dominant cover on approximately 22 percent of the CRN Site, largely as a result of historical construction activities during which approximately 240 ac of the CRN Site were cleared (Reference 2.4.1-2). Much of this area was eventually refilled and revegetated with non-native species, such as tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and sericea 2.4.1-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). These areas are undergoing secondary succession, principally by weedy species that include black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta), broom-sedge (Andropogon virginicus), Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis), Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense),

Queen Annes lace (Daucus carota), tickseed (Coreopsis grandiflora), and other common forbs.

Eastern red cedar is scattered throughout these areas, resulting in the appearance of a cedar barren or glade. (Reference 2.4.1-1)

One area of herbaceous vegetation differs from that found on the rest of CRN Site in having a predominantly native flora. This small area covers about 1.4 ac in a transmission line ROW and resembles a disturbed cedar glade, which is an area of exposed limestone that supports sparse vegetation dominated by low-growing herbaceous species and eastern red cedar. In addition to red cedar and winged elm, herbs found in the marginal cedar glade area include butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa), hoary puccoon (Lithospermum canescens), false pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides), pale spiked lobelia (Lobelia spicata), rose pink (Sabatia angularis), roundleaf thoroughwort (Eupatorium rotundifolium), twining snoutbean (Rhynchosia tomentosa), and whorled milkweed (Ascelpias verticilliata). Though the CRN Site contains several native species found in cedar glade habitat, its small size and high level of previous disturbance limits the importance of the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-1) Given its position on the landscape, it is likely the plant community formed as a result of disturbance associated with previous work on the Clinch River Site and construction of the 161-kV Kingston FP - Fort Loudoun HP #1 line.

Considered along with the small size and anthropogenic origin of the plant community, the absence of any rare plant species typical of glades further indicates that this area possesses little if any conservation value.

Barge/Traffic Area In the Barge/Traffic Area, field surveys were conducted in May 2015 to characterize the terrestrial plant communities of the area east of TN 58. Surveys were conducted on the portions of the Barge/Traffic Area (101-ac) with the highest potential for disturbance that had not been previously surveyed. The survey included areas representative of each vegetation type present in the Barge/Traffic Area. Vegetation types found in this area were a combination of deciduous forest and herbaceous vegetation. These plant communities are common and well-represented throughout the region. None of the forest stands had characteristics indicative of old growth forest. (Reference 2.4.1-3)

Deciduous forest covers more than 90 percent of the Barge/Traffic Area. Common overstory species in dry upland forest include American beech, black gum, chestnut oak, mockernut hickory, red maple, scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), sourwood, umbrella magnolia, and white oak. The understory consists of flowering dogwood, lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium), and mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia). Herbaceous plants are sparse and include Christmas fern, muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia), and wild yam (Dioscorea villosa). The deciduous forest in the Barge/Traffic Area also includes forested wetlands located in bottomlands associated with the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. These deciduous forests 2.4.1-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report contain overstory species that include American sycamore, black willow, green ash, red maple, and sweetgum. (Reference 2.4.1-3)

Herbaceous vegetation occurs on less than 10 percent of the surveyed portion of the Barge/Traffic Area. Fields and maintained power line ROWs account for the vast majority of herbaceous vegetation in the area. Most of these herbaceous communities are dominated by plants indicative of early successional habitats, including many non-native species. Common species in these disturbed areas include Japanese honeysuckle, lobed tickseed (Coreopsis auriculata), sericea lespedeza, showy goldenrod (Solidago speciosa), Smalls ragwort (Packera anonyma), southern blackberry (Rubus sp.), and winged sumac (Rhus copallinum). Several small, emergent wetlands support a higher proportion of native species including buttonbush, common rush (Juncus effusus), groundnut (Apios americana), jewelweed, lizards tail, shallow sedge (Carex lurida), silky dogwood, squarrose sedge, and tall false indigo. (Reference 2.4.1-3) 2.4.1.2 Wetland Habitats Sections 401 and 404 of the Clean Water Act and Executive Order 11990, Wetlands Protection, provide regulatory protection for wetlands. Executive Order 11990 requires all federal agencies to minimize the destruction, loss, or degradation of wetlands when carrying out their responsibilities, and to preserve and enhance the natural and beneficial values of wetlands.

Before performing certain activities in wetlands, a Section 404 permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) may be required, depending on the size of the wetland and its hydrologic connectivity to a navigable waterway. Section 401 provides states with the ability to verify whether activities allowed under Section 404 are compliant with state water quality standards. In Tennessee, the Division of Water Pollution Control of the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) is in charge of issuing Section 401 water quality certifications through the Aquatic Resource Alteration Permit. (Reference 2.4.1-4) 2.4.1.2.1 CRN Site Wetlands Screening of wetland habitats on the CRN Site initially involved a review of National Wetland Inventory (NWI) maps and soil survey maps. Subsequently, field surveys were performed during January, April, and May of 2011, and the boundaries of the 12 wetlands on the CRN Site were delineated. Wetland identifications were performed in accordance with USACE methods, which require documentation of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland hydrology. Broader definitions of wetlands, such as those provided by Executive Order 11990, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and the TVA Environmental Review Procedures, also were considered in the wetland determinations for the CRN Site.

During a site visit on September 23, 2013, jurisdictional determinations were conducted by staff of the USACE to determine if each wetland meets the criteria for regulation under USACE jurisdiction. The TVA Rapid Assessment Method (RAM) was used to evaluate wetland conditions and identify wetlands with possible ecological significance. The TVA RAM uses six metrics that correspond to wetland indicator functions to differentiate wetlands on the basis of 2.4.1-5 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report their condition: wetland area/size; upland buffers and surrounding land use; hydrology; habitat alteration and development; special wetlands (biodiversity); and plant communities, interspersion, and microtopography. Wetlands may be classified into three categories of wetland quality using the TVA RAM. Assignment to categories is based on scoring of wetland characteristics based on the six metrics, with a higher total score generally indicating that a wetland warrants assignment to a higher category. Category 1 includes wetlands that are limited quality waters, which are wetlands that have been degraded, have limited potential for restoration, or are of such low functionality that lower standards for avoidance, minimization, and mitigation can be applied. Category 2 includes wetlands of moderate quality as well as wetlands that are degraded but have a reasonable potential for restoration. Category 3 typically includes wetlands of very high quality and wetlands of concern regionally and/or statewide, such as wetlands that provide habitat for threatened or endangered species. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Characteristics of each of the onsite wetlands, including wetland classification, TVA RAM category and score, acreage, and jurisdictional status, are summarized in Table 2.4.1-3. The locations of the onsite wetlands are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2, and each wetland is described below.

Wetland 1 (W001) is a forested wetland associated with a floodplain/terrace of the Clinch River.

This wetland covers 0.67 ac of the CRN Site and exhibits wetland hydrology and connectivity.

Field indicators of hydric soils are absent, possibly due to extensive site disturbance in the 1970s during site preparation for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor project and subsequent sedimentation. Dominant hydrophytic vegetation includes sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua),

slippery elm (Ulmus rubra), tulip poplar, silver maple (Acer saccharinum), and Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 2 (W002) is a small, emergent wetland in the central part of the CRN Site in close proximity to the former Clinch River Breeder Reactor Site. This wetland covers 0.13 ac on the CRN Site and demonstrates strong hydrology indicators but is not connected to any surface water feature, including waters of the United States or the state. The wetland formed in a small depression in a previously graded area. Field indicators of hydric soils are absent, possibly due to widespread site disturbance in the 1970s during site preparation for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor project. The main wetland vegetation includes squarestem spikerush (Eleocharis quadrangulata), narrow-leaf cattail (Typha latifolia), and softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontana). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 1, limited quality.

(Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 3 (W003) is a small, forested wetland situated on a small embayment on the shoreline of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. This wetland covers 0.18 ac of the CRN Site and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. The main vegetation includes American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), boxelder (Acer negundo), creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia), and Chinese privet. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4) 2.4.1-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Wetland 4 (W004) is a small, forested wetland associated with a floodplain/terrace of the Clinch River. This wetland covers 0.24 ac of the CRN Site and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. The main vegetation includes persimmon (Diospyros virginiana), boxelder, silky dogwood, and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 5 (W005) is a small, forested wetland situated on a small embayment on the shoreline of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir and two small intermittent streams. This wetland covers 0.36 ac on the CRN Site and demonstrates wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. The main vegetation includes green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), American sycamore, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), silky dogwood, Nepalese browntop (Microstegium vimineum), and Japanese honeysuckle. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 6 (W006) is a small (0.11 ac), emergent/scrub-shrub wetland situated in the west-central portion of the CRN Site near the reservoir. This wetland has developed in a wide, shallow drainage ditch along the southern edge of the 500-kV TVA transmission line ROW that crosses the CRN Site. The wetland exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity.

Water from W006 ultimately flows into W001. Dominant vegetation includes black willow (Salix nigra), lateflowering thoroughwort (Eupatorium serotinum), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality.

(Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 7 (W007) is a small, fringe scrub-shrub/forested wetland located on the same embayment of the reservoir shoreline as W003. W007 and W003 are separated by River Road and a culvert. W007 covers 0.17 ac of the CRN Site and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes slippery elm, American sycamore, Chinese privet, smooth alder (Alnus serrulata), silky dogwood, rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides),

and Nepalese browntop. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 8 (W008) is a small, forested wetland associated with an unnamed, intermittent tributary to the Clinch River that rises below a sediment basin on the east side of the CRN Site.

The hydrology of the wetland has been affected by a culvert and River Road as well as water levels on the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. The wetland is separated from the river by the road and culvert. The wetland covers 0.23 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes sycamore, sweetgum, Chinese privet, spicebush (Lindera benzoin), American elm (Ulmus americana), silky dogwood, an unidentified aster (Aster sp.), jewelweed (Impatiens sp.), poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans), and trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 9 (W009) is a large, diverse, wetland complex associated with an unnamed, perennial tributary to the Clinch River close to the eastern boundary of the CRN Site. The hydrology of the 2.4.1-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report wetland has been affected by a beaver dam at its south end and an active groundwater influence, including numerous seeps and springs, in the north end. The wetland includes a diversity of habitats. A semi-permanently flooded, scrub-shrub community in the south portion grades into a seasonally flooded forest in the south-central area, then into a saturated, forested wetland in the north-central area. At the north end is a saturated emergent and scrub-shrub community in the 500-kV TVA transmission line ROW, which is occasionally mowed. The wetland covers 5.66 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes green ash, sycamore, buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), silky dogwood, black willow, an unidentified aster, blunt broom sedge (Carex tribuloides), fox sedge (Carex vulpinoidea), and Franks sedge (Carex frankii). Based on the TVA RAM score for this wetland, which reflects its size and the diversity of its plant communities and habitat, this wetland is in Category 3, high quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 10 (W010) is a small wetland complex associated with the same unnamed, perennial tributary to the Clinch River that is associated with W009. W010 is located upstream to the north of W009 and is separated from W009 by River Road and a culvert. The south end of the wetland is a combination of emergent and scrub-shrub habitat in the 500-kV TVA transmission line ROW. The northern portion is forested wetland habitat. The wetland hydrology is influenced by the stream and numerous groundwater seeps. The CRN Site appears to have experienced extensive disturbance in the past before acquisition by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and TVA. The wetland covers 1.79 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), balm-of-Gilead (Populus x jackii), green ash, Nepalese browntop, and poison ivy. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 11 (W011) is a large, forested wetland associated with a floodplain/terrace of the Clinch River near the northwestern site boundary. The wetland is situated between the main access road and the river. The hydrology of the wetland has been altered by a road and culvert at its north end. Wetland 11 covers 5.87 ac on the CRN Site and includes an additional 3.2 ac area that extends north beyond the site boundary into the embayment near Grassy Creek. This wetland demonstrates wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes silver maple, green ash, American elm, creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia),

roundleaf greenbrier (Smilax rotundifolia), trumpet creeper, and Japanese honeysuckle. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 3, high quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4)

Wetland 12 (W012) is a small, emergent wetland that has developed in a wet-weather drainage in the central portion of the CRN Site in a previously graded area near the former Clinch River Breeder Reactor site. This wetland covers 0.13 ac and demonstrates wetland hydrology and connectivity. Field indicators of hydric soils are absent perhaps due to widespread site disturbance in the 1970s during site preparation for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor project.

Dominant wetland vegetation includes black willow, tall fescue, and an unidentified rush (Juncus sp.). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 1, limited quality. (Reference 2.4.1-4) 2.4.1-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.1.2.2 Barge/Traffic Area Wetlands Field surveys of wetlands in the Barge/Traffic Area were completed by TVA in April 2015.

Wetland determinations and assessments of wetland quality were performed as described above for the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-5) Characteristics of each of the Barge/Traffic Area wetlands, including wetland classification, TVA RAM category and score, acreage, and jurisdictional status, are summarized in Table 2.4.1-3. The locations of the Barge/Traffic Area wetlands are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2, and each wetland is described below.

Wetland 13 (W013) is a scrub-shrub/emergent wetland associated with a channelized, perennial, unnamed tributary to the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. The wetland is under a transmission line and is maintained as a scrub-shrub/emergent wetland as the result of vegetation maintenance in the ROW. This wetland covers 3.73 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology and connectivity. Field indicators of hydric soils are lacking, possibly due to extensive site disturbance during the 1970s during site preparation for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor project and subsequent sedimentation. Dominant hydrophytic vegetation in the ROW includes green ash, black willow, broom panicgrass (Dicanthelium scoparium), silky dogwood, common rush, swamp rose (Rosa palustris), southern blackberry (Rubus argutus), red maple, and swamp dock (Rumex verticillatus). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality). (Reference 2.4.1-5)

Wetland 14 (W014) lies southeast of Wetland 13, and the two wetlands are separated by the existing road bed from the barge facility. Wetland 14 is similar in type, landscape position, and vegetation to Wetland 13 and is associated with the same unnamed perennial stream. The wetland covers 3.05 ac. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-5)

Wetland 15 (W015) is a forested wetland located along the southern shoulder of Bear Creek Road. The wetland covers 1.95 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes American sycamore, common rush, Virginia creeper, sweetgum, red maple, green ash, Nepalese browntop, poison ivy, river oats (Chasmanthium latifolium), and Chinese privet. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-5)

Wetland 16 (W016) is a small (0.11-ac), emergent wetland associated with the terminus of an intermittent stream. Dominant vegetation includes jewelweed, aster, bedstraw (Galium spp.),

and false nettle (Boehmeria cylindrica). Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 2, moderate quality. (Reference 2.4.1-5)

Wetland 17 (W017) is a scrub-shrub wetland located on a small embayment on the shoreline of Watts Bar Reservoir. The wetland covers 1.33 ac and exhibits wetland hydrology, hydric soils, and connectivity. Dominant vegetation includes green ash, American sycamore, giant river cane (Arundinaria gigantea), and common rush. Based on its TVA RAM score, this wetland is in Category 3, high quality. (Reference 2.4.1-5) 2.4.1-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.1.3 Important Terrestrial Habitats U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) guidance (NUREG 1555, Standard Review Plans for Environmental Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants: Environmental Standard Review Plan, and Regulatory Guide 4.2, Preparation of Environmental Reports for Nuclear Power Stations) identifies important habitats as the following:

  • Wildlife sanctuaries, refuges, and preserves
  • Habitats identified by the USFWS or state Natural Heritage Programs as unique, rare, or a priority for protection
  • Critical habitats designated by the USFWS to protect listed species
  • Wetlands, floodplains, or other resources protected by federal regulations or executive orders or by state regulations (Floodplains are discussed in Section 2.3, Water)

Important terrestrial habitats include natural areas as well as habitats such as these that have been identified by government agencies as unique, rare, or a priority for protection. Natural areas include managed areas and ecologically significant sites. Managed areas include lands held in public ownership that are managed by an agency to protect and maintain certain ecological and/or recreational features. Ecologically significant sites are either tracts of privately owned land that are recognized by resource biologists as having significant environmental resources or identified tracts on TVA lands that are ecologically significant but not specifically managed by the TVAs Natural Areas program. (Reference 2.4.1-6)

A 2011 report by the TVA assessed natural areas on, adjacent to, and within 3 mi of the CRN Site. A review of the TVA Natural Heritage Project Database indicates that a number of natural areas are located immediately adjacent to the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-6) These areas are described below:

  • The Grassy Creek HPA adjoins the northern boundary of the CRN Site and is located along and south of Grassy Creek (Figure 2.4.1-1). The Grassy Creek HPA includes 265 ac that provide a buffer for sensitive habitat surrounding and immediately south of Grassy Creek and the Grassy Creek embayment of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir.

(Reference 2.4.1-6) A plant species designated as a state species of special concern, spreading false-foxglove (Aureolaria patula), is among the species with habitat protected by the Grassy Creek HPA and was found in the HPA during field surveys (Reference 2.4.1-1).

  • The Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) adjoins the land boundaries of the CRN Site to the east, north, and west. The DOE manages this 34,000-ac reservation, which is used variously for manufacturing, laboratory research, forest management, and ecosystem process research (Reference 2.4.1-6). An analysis by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) of natural areas, managed areas, and other designated areas within the ORR identified the following categories and numbers of terrestrial or wetland areas:

2.4.1-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 47 natural areas 18 reference areas 5 conservation management areas 8 habitat areas 8 potential habitat areas

- 8 special management zones (Reference 2.4.1-7)

Figure 2.4.1-3 provides a map of these ORR designated areas within approximately 3 mi of the CRN Site. Five of these designated terrestrial or wetland areas on the ORR are immediately adjacent to the CRN Site or in close proximity:

The East Tennessee Technology Park Filtration Plant Wetland (Natural Area 33) is a 7-ac wetland adjacent to a water filtration lagoon located near the northwest corner of the CRN Site. This area provides habitat for shining ladies-tresses (Spiranthes lucida), a plant species state listed as threatened.

The Grassy Creek Power Line Area (Cooperative Management Area 1) is a 51-ac linear area extending northeast along Bear Creek Road adjacent to the northern corner of the Grassy Creek HPA.

The Grassy Creek Security Site (Reference Area 22) includes 43 ac adjoining the northern tip of the CRN Site and the Grassy Creek HPA. Reference areas contain special habitats or features and also may serve as control areas for research, monitoring, or related activities. This area includes limestone outcrops and some plants uncommon on the ORR.

The Raccoon Creek Barren (Reference Area 8) includes 62 ac located approximately 1500 feet (ft) east of the eastern corner of the CRN Site and extending upland from the shoreline of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. It contains a rare community, a cedar-post oak barren-glade on shallow limestone. It has been proposed by TDEC for protection under the Natural Areas Preservation Act.

The New Zion Boggy Area (Natural Area 42) includes 376 ac located less than 0.5 mi northeast of the CRN Site at its closest point. It contains oak-hickory uplands and a boggy forested wetland that is a rare natural community. It is called boggy because the area includes groundwater seeps and a sinking creek in a headwater area with a sphagnum moss/fern wetland and pools. This uncommon habitat and the presence of red chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) contribute to the conservation value of this area.

(Reference 2.4.1-7) This area is located within a small subwatershed of an unnamed tributary of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, immediately east of the CRN Site.

  • The Oak Ridge State Wildlife Management Area (WMA) is located primarily on the ORR and adjacent to the CRN Site. The WMA is a 37,000-ac area managed by the Tennessee 2.4.1-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Wildlife Resources Agency (TWRA) for hunting of small and large game. (Reference 2.4.1-6)

  • The Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park (NERP) includes approximately 20,000 ac within the boundaries of the ORR and adjoining the CRN Site. The NERP is managed by the ORNL for the DOE. It provides protected land for use in education and research in environmental sciences and is used as an outdoor laboratory for studying present and future environmental consequences from energy-related issues. (Reference 2.4.1-6) The NERP was designated as an international biosphere reserve in 1989; it is one of six units of the Southern Appalachian Biosphere Reserve (Reference 2.4.1-8).

Also within the boundaries of the ORR, five proposed state natural areas (SNA) have been nominated for future designation and protection under the Natural Areas Preservation Act.

These five areas are considered ecological core areas and contain several smaller natural areas within their boundaries. One proposed SNA, New Zion, is immediately adjacent to the CRN Site. The other four proposed SNAs are within 3 mi of the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-6)

These five proposed SNAs on the ORR are described below.

  • The New Zion Unit proposed SNA comprises 2891 ac in the western portion of the ORR and immediately east of the CRN Site. It includes portions of the Haw Ridge uplands, including rock outcrops, and the Raccoon Creek Embayment of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir as well as wetlands. Several rare and uncommon plant species occur in this area.

(Reference 2.4.1-6)

  • The Copper Ridge Unit proposed SNA comprises 3908 ac in the southern portion of the ORR and is located 2.3 mi southeast of the CRN Site. Prominent features include Copper Ridge, extensive river bluffs along Melton Hill Reservoir, a variety of forest community types, several caves and sink holes, ravines, springs, seeps, and forested wetlands. (Reference 2.4.1-6)
  • The Black Oak Ridge Unit proposed SNA comprises 2929 ac in the western part of the ORR northeast of the CRN Site. This natural area includes two sections, East Black Oak Ridge and West Black Oak Ridge, separated by the Poplar Creek water gap and Blair Road.

Prominent features are the East Fork Poplar Creek floodplain, Black Oak Ridge and McKinney Ridge, river bluffs, mixed hardwood-native pine forest, and a large forested wetland. (Reference 2.4.1-6)

  • The Pine Ridge-Bear Creek Valley Unit proposed SNA comprises 4584 ac adjacent to the northern boundary of the DOE Reservation northeast of the CRN Site. Topographic features of the area include Pine Ridge and the western portion of East Fork Ridge. Also included are an extensive area of unfragmented forest and a variety of wetland habitat types, including headwater wetlands, seeps, marshes, and forested wetlands and sandstone outcrops. (Reference 2.4.1-6)
  • The Walker Branch-Three Bend Unit proposed SNA comprises 6059 ac to the east of the CRN Site in the eastern portion of the ORR. It includes the entire Three Bend Scenic and 2.4.1-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Wildlife Area and one of the worlds largest populations of a rare wildflower species, tall larkspur. (Reference 2.4.1-6)

Outside the ORR, two officially designated SNAs are located within a 3-mi radius of the CRN Site (Reference 2.4.1-6):

  • The Campbell Bend Barrens designated SNA is approximately 1.7 mi northwest of and across the Clinch River from the CRN Site. This 35-ac area managed by TDEC consists of small barrens that are a rare community type in a region where much of the land has been developed or converted to agriculture. The barrens community within the natural area covers approximately 4 to 6 ac. Eastern red cedar, white pine, post oak (Quercus stellata),

dwarf chinquapin oak (Q. prinoides), and other hardwoods are scattered throughout the open grassland community of Campbell Bend, and the dominant grasses include little bluestem (Andropogon scoparius), big bluestem (A. gerardii), and side-oats gramma (Bouteloua curtipendula). (Reference 2.4.1-6)

  • The Crowder Cemetery Cedar Barrens designated SNA is approximately 1.8 mi west of and across the Clinch River from the CRN Site. This 15-ac area managed by TDEC has grasslands in a matrix of mixed oak-pine with eastern red cedar and hardwoods that are scattered throughout the barrens. Grasses at Crowder Cemetery include little bluestem and side-oats gramma, and rare plants include slender blazing star (Liatris gracilis) and prairie dock (Silphium terebinthinaceum). Dwarf chinquapin oak, which is uncommon in Tennessee, also is found there. (Reference 2.4.1-6) 2.4.1.4 Wildlife Terrestrial animal surveys conducted at the CRN Site and other areas of the Clinch River Property and at the Barge/Traffic Area spanned multiple seasons (i.e., spring, summer, fall, and winter), habitat types (e.g., mature forest, herbaceous, riparian), and detection methods (e.g.,

visual, aural, ultrasonic, traps). The resulting inventory of species documented on the Clinch River Property and the Barge/Traffic Area is therefore believed to represent the majority of species that would occur on or near the CRN Site. Most of the species observed are considered to be regionally abundant and common. (Reference 2.4.1-9) None of the animals observed during terrestrial animal surveys exhibited indicators, morphological or otherwise, that suggested impacts from exposure to an unusual environmental stress (e.g., pollutants).

Domestic animals, such as cows or goats, are not present on the CRN Site or the Barge/Traffic Area. (The potential numbers and distribution of domestic animals in areas surrounding the CRN Site are discussed in conjunction with Section 5.4.)

2.4.1.4.1 Clinch River Property TVA environmental staff performed field surveys to observe terrestrial animals on the Clinch River Property during spring and summer of 2011 (April, May, and July) and during all four seasons in 2013 (February, April, July, and October). Diurnal surveys were conducted by boat along the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site perimeter, 2.4.1-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report noting any animal heard or seen along the bank. Diurnal surveys of the Clinch River Property also were conducted along multiple linear land transects distributed across the landscape in a manner that maximized sampling of habitat types present across the Clinch River Property.

Nocturnal surveys for singing frogs were conducted in close proximity to select water features on the CRN Site. Minnow traps, small mammal traps, and cover boards were set up and monitored to assess the presence of amphibians, small mammals, and herpetofauna, respectively. Bats were collected in mist nets at eight locations in July 2011. Acoustic monitoring equipment was used to detect and collect the calls of bats in July of 2011 and spring, summer, and fall of 2013. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

In addition to the terrestrial wildlife surveys described above, wildlife visual encounter surveys also were conducted quarterly along the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir in March, June, August, and October 2011 by TVA environmental staff. Surveys were centered at Clinch River mile (CRM) 15, downstream of the potential discharge location, and CRM 18.5, upstream of the potential intake location. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Transects approximately 2100 meters (m) in length were centered at each of these locations parallel to the shoreline along each bank. For each observation period, an area along each transect approximately 60 m in width (30 m inshore to 30 m offshore) was surveyed. Observed species were identified to general categories and by common name when possible, and their numbers were estimated. (Reference 2.4.1-10)

Species observed on the Clinch River Property using this combination of survey methods are identified by their common and scientific names in Table 2.4.1-4. Most of these species are regionally abundant. Although some of the observed species prefer specific habitat types, many are generalists and may occur in all habitat types on the CRN Site. Mammals observed on the Clinch River Property include the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus), eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda). In April 2011, roosting bats were observed in Rennies Cave, which is north of the CRN Site within the Grassy Creek HPA. Two individual bats were photographed: one was identified as a tricolored bat (Perimyotis subflavus) and the other could not be identified. Sightings of an elk (Cervus elaphus) were reported within the Clinch River Property in December 2012. The elk was a radio-collared female that migrated from Royal Blue Wildlife Management Area in Campbell County, Tennessee, where an elk restoration program has been underway for several years. A few years earlier, TWRA staff reported that a male elk was observed on the Clinch River Property. Bobcat sightings also have been reported from the Clinch River Property. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

Breeding birds observed in the wildlife surveys include the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis),

Carolina wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus), tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), red-bellied woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus), hairy woodpecker (Picoides villosus), wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), barred owl (Strix varia),

red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus), Coopers hawk (Accipiter cooperii), ruby-throated 2.4.1-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report hummingbird (Archilochus colubris), yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus), red-eyed vireo (Vireo olivaceus), yellow-throated vireo (Vireo flavifrons), white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus),

scarlet tanager (Piranga olivacea), chuck-wills-widow (Caprimulgus carolinensis), and whip-poor-will (Caprimulgus vociferus). Birds observed along the riparian zone include the belted kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), and osprey (Pandion haliaetus). An osprey nest was observed on the CRN Site on a transmission line structure within a corridor that crosses the CRN Site.

(Reference 2.4.1-9) Birds observed that typically occur in riverine habitat include the great blue heron, black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax), belted kingfisher, bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), osprey, wood duck (Aix sponsa), Canada goose (Branta canadensis), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), and swallows (Reference 2.4.1-10).

Amphibians observed on the Clinch River Property include the gray treefrog (Hyla versicolor),

American toad (Bufo americanus), green frog (Rana clamitans), and eastern narrow-mouthed toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis). Reptiles observed were the black rat snake (Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta), corn snake (Elaphe guttata guttata), and aquatic turtles, including the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), painted turtle (Chrysemys picta), river cooter (Pseudemys concinna), and Cumberland slider (Trachemys scripta troostii). (Reference 2.4.1-9) 2.4.1.4.2 Barge/Traffic Area TVA environmental staff performed field surveys to observe terrestrial animals on the Barge/Traffic Area during November 2014 and January, April, and June 2015 using methods that were essentially the same as those used on the Clinch River Property but were modified for the smaller area. Wildlife surveys were conducted for approximately one week in each of the four seasons. (Reference 2.4.1-11)

Four linear transects for wildlife surveys were established across the Barge/Traffic Area. Two transects were established within upland mature deciduous forest, one in edge habitat between wetland forest along the reservoir and an upland pine forest fragment, and one through a stand of pine trees adjacent to a transmission line ROW and large wetland. Survey techniques included Sherman traps, cover boards, and visual and aural encounters. A total of 20 Sherman traps and 16 cover boards were deployed along the four transects to survey small mammals and herpetofauna, respectively. Four minnow traps were deployed within the Barge/Traffic Area to inventory frogs and salamanders: two traps in an inlet of the reservoir in a transmission line ROW and two traps in an emergent wetland along Bear Creek Road. Anuran call surveys were conducted adjacent to two aquatic sites on the Barge/Traffic Area. Techniques for baiting and checking traps, visual and aural encounter surveys, anuran surveys, and opportunistic detections were identical to those used for terrestrial animal surveys of the Clinch River Property. Boat surveys along the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir previously were conducted in the vicinity of the CRN Site, including the Barge/Traffic Area, and were not repeated. Species observed on the Barge/Traffic Area using this combination of survey methods are identified by their common and scientific names in Table 2.4.1-4. (Reference 2.4.1-11) 2.4.1-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Visual and aural observations of terrestrial animals on the Barge/Traffic Area were very similar to terrestrial animal observations on the Clinch River Property. Most species observed are generalists and found in multiple habitats across the Barge/Traffic Area, though some are habitat specialists and observed only in specific habitat types. Examples of bird species observed included the American goldfinch (Spinus tristis), barred owl, blue jay, Carolina chickadee, Carolina wren, cedar waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum), downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), eastern phoebe, eastern towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus), field sparrow (Spizella pusilla), golden-crowned kinglet (Regulus satrapa), hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus), northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), pine warbler (Setophaga pinus), prairie warbler (Setophaga discolor), red-bellied woodpecker, red-eyed vireo, red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), ruby-throated hummingbird, song sparrow (Melospiza melodia), tufted titmouse, yellow-rumped warbler (Setophaga coronata), and white-eyed vireo. The belted kingfisher, great blue heron, and tree swallow were observed along the riparian corridor. A juvenile bald eagle and several ospreys were observed flying over the area. Common amphibians and reptiles observed were the American toad, southern leopard frog (Rana utricularia), pickerel frog (Rana palustris), spring peeper (Pseudacris crucifer), northern water snake (Nerodia sipedon), red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), and box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina). Tadpoles of the upland chorus frog (Pseudacris triseriata feriarum) were observed in a wet depression of a mowed area at the northwestern corner of the Barge/Traffic Area. (Reference 2.4.1-11)

Common mammals observed in the Barge/Traffic Area included the American beaver (Castor canadensis), white-tailed deer, coyote, eastern gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, eastern cottontail, raccoon, and Virginia opossum. Surveys specifically designed for detecting bats also were conducted in 2014 and 2015. Acoustic monitors for bats in the Barge/Traffic Area were directed at two locations on a rarely used, forested road corridor (Water Tank Road) located east of the proposed location of the eastern highway access ramp (Figure 2.1-3); across an inlet of the reservoir; and across a large wetland. (Reference 2.4.1-11) Acoustic monitor placement and acoustic analysis for these surveys followed the most current USFWS Indiana bat survey guidelines. Forest-dwelling bats and those that forage and travel in and along forests are likely to be recorded along forest corridors such as Water Tank Road, while the wetland and inlet are likely used by multiple bats for drinking and foraging. It also is likely that individual bats were detected and recorded multiple times due to repeated visits to these aquatic features. Individual bats likely visited these sites multiple times, perhaps making multiple passes in front of the monitor during a single visit, thus resulting in multiple recordings. (Reference 2.4.1-11)

The acoustic monitors detected 10 species across the Barge/Traffic Area. The most prevalent species detected were the tricolored bat, red bat (Lasiurus borealis), evening bat (Nycticeius humeralis), gray bat (Myotis grisescens), big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscusI), and silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Other species recorded were the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus),

little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus), and northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis).

Recordings that were identified by acoustic software as the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) suggest this species may be present in the Barge/Traffic Area; however, visual assessment of these 2.4.1-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report calls determined that identification of the species based on these recordings is not definitive.

(Reference 2.4.1-11)

Terrestrial animal surveys on the Barge/Traffic Area observed a total of 117 terrestrial animal species, 13 of which were not observed on the Clinch River Property. These species were observed visually, heard, trapped, noted based on sign (e.g., scat remains), and/or acoustically detected across one or more seasons using multiple detection methods. A combined total of 190 terrestrial animal species were observed across both the Clinch River Property and the Barge/Traffic Area over the course of all terrestrial animal studies from 2011-2015. (Reference 2.4.1-11) Table 2.4.1-4 provides a master list of species for the Clinch River Property and Barge/Traffic Area.

2.4.1.5 Important Terrestrial Species According to NUREG-1555, important species include species that are federally listed as threatened or endangered, as well as species that are proposed for or candidates for federal listing. Also important are species with a state listing status or other state status due to rarity. In conjunction with agency coordination regarding listed species, TVA sent letters to the USFWS and TDEC in September 2016 requesting their concurrence with the listed species identified as important species for the site. These letters are included in Appendix A. Information provided in the consultation responses from USFWS and TDEC will be incorporated when received, and the responses will be included in Appendix A.

In addition to listed species, commercially or recreationally valuable species could be important, and nuisance species could be important, particularly if they may cause problems for operation of two or more SMRs at the CRN Site. Species also may be important if they are critical to the survival of a rare species or to the local ecosystem, or if they are indicators of potential biological effects; however, such species were not identified for the CRN Site or the Barge/Traffic Area. Thus, the important terrestrial species to be discussed below for the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area include federally and state-listed species, commercially or recreationally valuable species, and nuisance species.

Field surveys of the Clinch River Property to observe and identify important plant species were conducted in 2011 and 2013 as described in Subsection 2.4.1.1.1. Field surveys of the Clinch River Property to observe and identify important animal species were conducted in 2011 and 2013 as described in Subsections 2.4.1.4 and 2.4.1.5.1. Field surveys of the Barge/Traffic Area to identify important plant species were conducted in 2015 as described in Subsection 2.4.1.1.1.

Field surveys to identify important animal species in the Barge/Traffic Area were conducted in 2014 and 2015 as described in Subsection 2.4.1.4.2. The design and extent of surveys conducted on the CRN Site, other areas of the Clinch River Property, and the Barge/Traffic Area provide approximate estimates of the numbers of these species that may occur on the CRN Site or in the Barge/Traffic Area.

2.4.1-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.1.5.1 Federally Listed Species Terrestrial and wetland species with federal listing status (currently listed, proposed for listing, or candidates for listing) and recorded occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee are identified in Table 2.4.1-5. Based on a review of the TVA Regional Natural Heritage Database in November 2013, rare species potentially occur in the vicinity (i.e., within 3 to 5 mi) of the CRN Site.

(Reference 2.4.1-9) Five federally-listed threatened or endangered species and one proposed threatened species have documented occurrences in Roane County. These include two bats that are listed as endangered, one bat that is listed as threatened, two plants that are listed as threatened, and one plant that has a status of proposed threatened (Reference 2.4.1-12; Reference 2.4.1-13). None of these species have designated critical habitat in the vicinity of the CRN Site.

The two bats in Roane County that are federally listed as endangered are the gray bat (Myotis grisescens) and Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis). The bat listed as threatened is the northern long-eared bat. In 2011, habitats on the Clinch River Property were surveyed in late winter and spring to identify suitable habitat for listed bat species. Based on results of the habitat surveys, mist net surveys for listed bat species were conducted in July 2011 at eight locations throughout the Clinch River Property. In addition, acoustic monitoring using AnabatTM technology also was performed concurrent with mist net sampling at locations in close proximity to the mist net survey locations. Additional acoustic monitoring was performed at six locations on the Clinch River Property in spring, summer, and fall of 2013. (Reference 2.4.1-9) As discussed in Subsection 2.4.1.4.2, acoustic surveys for bats also were conducted in the Barge/Traffic Area in 2014 and 2015. These three bat species and the survey results for each species are discussed below.

The two plant species in Roane County that are federally-listed as threatened are American Harts-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum) and Virginia spiraea (Spiraea virginiana). The candidate for listing is the white fringeless orchid (Platanthera integrilabia). Field surveys for listed plant species on the CRN Site were performed by TVA in April and July 2011 and September 2013. Habitat suitable for these plants was not found on the Clinch River Property. (Reference 2.4.1-1) Brief descriptions of these species are provided below.

Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens)

The endangered gray bat hibernates in caves in large numbers during winter months and migrates to warmer caves to form summer maternity colonies (composed of adult females and young) or bachelor colonies (composed of adult males). The gray bat is closely associated with rivers, lakes, and other large bodies of water over which it forages for mainly aquatic insects.

The gray bat has responded positively to conservation measures, and the majority of its populations are stable or increasing. The gray bat forages over large areas, and it is known to forage along the Clinch River. Gray bats also have been detected foraging along a pond on the ORR approximately 2 mi north of the CRN Site. Summer roosting gray bats have been 2.4.1-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report documented in Marble Bluff Cave, located at Tennessee River Mile 578.3, approximately 9 mi (25 river mi) from the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

The gray bat has been reported to occur in Roane County, and it was recorded on the Clinch River Property by surveys performed by TVA in 2011 and 2013. One gray bat was captured in 2011 at a mist net location in the southwest area of the Clinch River Property, and gray bats were detected acoustically in 2011 at three other Clinch River Property locations. In 2013, gray bats were detected at all six acoustic survey locations on the Clinch River Property and were detected during every monitoring season (spring, summer, and fall), which suggest that winter and summer cave habitat exists for this species nearby. The gray bat is likely to use the area near the reservoir for foraging. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Although studies have shown that gray bats forage primarily over aquatic systems, they also would venture short distances into adjacent terrestrial habitat to forage, or they would cross terrestrial habitats to access streams, rivers, and reservoirs. (Reference 2.4.1-14)

The gray bat has been found to forage on the Clinch River Property, as documented in both mist nest and acoustic surveys. Its foraging activities are likely to occur primarily over the nearby reservoir and other riparian areas on or near the CRN Site. The gray bat may roost on the Clinch River Property; however, this has not been confirmed. All five documented caves on the Clinch River Property are located within the Grassy Creek TVA Habitat Protection Area. It is likely that the presence of the gray bat is seasonal and restricted to summer, when this species is roosting in nearby caves. Gray bats were detected at all acoustic survey locations during 2013 acoustic surveys, which suggest a minimum of six bats potentially simultaneously foraging across the Clinch River Property during the survey. Potential numbers of gray bats on the Clinch River Property during the summer may reflect a proportion of the number of roosting bats in caves in the vicinity, such as Marble Bluff Cave (approximately 9 mi away), with numbers of emerging gray bats ranging from 0 to greater than 200 across past summer surveys. Gray bats may travel as much as 80 kilometers (50 mi) of river or lake shore to forage. This suggests that gray bats foraging on the Clinch River Property may originate from multiple caves.

Approximating the number of gray bats that may be present on the CRN Site on a given night during the summer is therefore challenging. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Acoustic surveys of the Barge/Traffic Area identified gray bats foraging in that area as well (Reference 2.4.1-11).

The entire Clinch River Property was investigated for the presence of caves. Two previously documented caves, Rennies Cave and 2-Batteries Cave, are located within the Grassy Creek HPA. Two individual bats were observed roosting in Rennies Cave by archaeological surveyors in April 2011. One of these bats was identified from photos as a tricolored bat and the other bat could not be identified. TVA environmental staff have determined that neither Rennies Cave nor 2-Batteries Cave contains suitable habitat for maternity or hibernaculum use by the gray bat (or the Indiana bat or northern long-eared bat). Three additional caves near Grassy Creek were found by TVA environmental staff during surveys of the HPA. One of these features was a rock shelter, a shallow cave feature unsuitable for these species. The other two features were shallow "pit" caves with no obvious chamber suitable for bat roosting. All caves were located within the Grassy Creek HPA (Reference 2.4.1-9).

2.4.1-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis)

The endangered Indiana bat hibernates in caves and mines in winter and migrates to summer habitats in wooded areas. The large winter colonies disperse in spring, and reproductive females form smaller maternity colonies in wooded areas. Males and nonreproductive females roost in trees but typically do not roost in colonies. The range of the Indiana bat extends from the northeast through the east-central United States. The Indiana bat typically forages in semi-open forested habitats and forest edges as well as riparian areas. Suitable summer roosting habitat requires dead, dying, or living trees of sufficient size with sufficient exfoliating bark. Multiple roost sites generally are used. Primary summer roosts typically are behind the bark of large, dead trees, particularly those that are in gaps in the forest canopy or along forest edges so that they receive sufficient sun exposure. (Reference 2.4.1-15) Indiana bats have smaller summer home ranges than gray bats and forage within 2.5 mi of roost trees. Numbers of the Indiana bat are stable or decreasing throughout portions of its range due to disease (white-nose syndrome) and loss of habitat. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

The closest record of the Indiana bat to the CRN Site in the summer was a mist net capture of an adult male on the ORR in June 2013 over an inlet of Melton Hill Lake, approximately 10 mi from the CRN Site. The closest record of the Indiana bat to the CRN Site in winter was from a hibernaculum at Norris Dam Cave, approximately 27 mi to the northeast in Campbell County, Tennessee. However, no Indiana bats were observed in this cave during more recent winter surveys conducted in 2002, 2010, and 2011 to 2013. The closest records of summer roosting of the Indiana bat are from 27 to 29 mi to the southeast in the Cherokee National Forest (Monroe County, Tennessee). Cave surveys of the Clinch River Property by TVA environmental staff did not find caves that contain suitable habitat for hibernaculum use by the Indiana bat. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

Although the Indiana bat has not been previously reported to occur in Roane County, it was recorded on the Clinch River Property by acoustic surveys performed in the spring and summer of 2013. To assess the presence of suitable habitat for the Indiana bat on the Clinch River Property, surveys specifically designed to identify habitat suitable for summer roosting by the Indiana bat were conducted in the spring of 2011. Habitat survey results indicated potentially suitable summer roosting habitat within the forested areas in the northern half of the Clinch River Property. TVA environmental staff subsequently conducted mist net and acoustical surveys of the Clinch River Property. Although no Indiana bats were captured or detected on the Clinch River Property in 2011, they were detected acoustically in 2013 at five of six locations.

The mist net capture of an Indiana bat in June 2013 on the ORR and the 2013 acoustic detections on the Clinch River Property support the potential presence of the Indiana bat at the Clinch River Property during spring and summer months (April-August). Moderate to high quality roosting habitat for the Indiana bat occurs on the northern half of the Clinch River Property.

However, no roost trees have been documented on the Clinch River Property, which makes it difficult to estimate numbers of this species on the Clinch River Property or the CRN Site. Given the rarity of the Indiana bat, numbers would be expected to be low to none in any given year during the warm, non-hibernating season. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Acoustic surveys of the 2.4.1-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Barge/Traffic Area potentially identified Indiana bats foraging in that area as well. However, visual assessment of the acoustic recordings determined that the identification of the Indiana bat based on software analysis of the recordings is not definitive. (Reference 2.4.1-11)

Northern Long-eared Bat (Myotis septentrionalis)

The northern long-eared bat was listed by the USFWS as threatened in May 2015 (Reference 2.4.1-16). The decision to list the northern long-eared bat as federally threatened was primarily due to the threat posed to the species by white-nose syndrome, a fungal disease that has resulted in substantial mortality to the species, particularly in the northeastern United States.

Although declines in populations of this species have been observed in the southeast region, the declines have not been as dramatic as those in the northeast. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

One northern long-eared bat was captured by mist net in the southern half of the Clinch River Property in summer of 2011. This species was detected acoustically at three locations in the northern half of the Clinch River Property in spring and summer of 2013. It also was captured on the ORR (10 mi from the CRN Site) during mist net surveys in 2013. These detections and their locations indicate the presence of the northern long-eared bat in association with forested areas and aquatic features on the Clinch River Property. The northern long-eared bat hibernates in caves during winter and migrates to roost on the landscape during summer. Although studies of their use of habitat during summer are few or ongoing, available data suggest that summer habitat use by the northern long-eared bat is probably similar to that of the Indiana bat.

(Reference 2.4.1-9) Cave surveys of the Clinch River Property by TVA environmental staff did not find caves that contain suitable habitat for hibernaculum use by the northern long-eared bat.

Northern long-eared bats have smaller summer home ranges than gray bats and forage within 1.5 mi of roost trees. No occupied roost trees have been documented on Clinch River Property, which makes an estimate of numbers of this species on Clinch River Property difficult. Although southeastern populations have declined, the northern long-eared bat is a relatively common species in this region, and its presence at the Clinch River Property would be expected during the warm, non-hibernating season. Populations of the northern long-eared bat in this region are likely to be larger than those of the Indiana bat. These regional population relationships are likely to be reflected in the numbers of individual bats that occur on the Clinch River Property (i.e., numbers of individuals of the northern long-eared bat are likely greater than those of the Indiana bat). (Reference 2.4.1-9) Acoustic surveys of the Barge/Traffic Area identified northern long-eared bats foraging in that area as well (Reference 2.4.1-11).

American Harts-tongue Fern (Asplenium scolopendrium var. americanum)

American Harts-tongue fern, which is federally listed as threatened, has large, glossy, unserrated fronds from 20 centimeters (cm) to 40 cm long. The typical habitat of American Harts-tongue fern is shaded, moist, deciduous forests where the fern grows from small cracks in limestone boulders and ledges, which provide the high magnesium levels it requires.

(Reference 2.4.1-17) This fern usually is found in areas with outcrops of dolomitic limestone, 2.4.1-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report including gorges and limestone sinkholes in mature hardwood forests. It needs the high humidity and deep shade provided by mature forest canopies or overhanging rock cliffs. Its range extends from Alabama to Canada; however, its distribution within this range is discrete and very limited. Populations usually are small due to its specific habitat requirements.

American Harts-tongue fern is threatened by logging, which reduces shade and humidity, and also by quarrying, recreation, and residential development. (Reference 2.4.1-18) The report of American Harts-tongue fern in Roane County is a historical record and the population is thought to be extirpated at the Roane County location where it was previously recorded. The nearest known extant population is found in a sinkhole near South Pittsburg, Tennessee. (Reference 2.4.1-19) American Harts-tongue fern was not observed in field surveys of the Clinch River Property, and its preferred habitat was not found to be present (Reference 2.4.1-1).

Virginia Spiraea (Spiraea virginiana)

Virginia spiraea, which is federally listed as threatened, is a perennial shrub of the rose family that has dark gray mature stems with creamy white flowers in closely packed bunches. The majority of the current populations of this shrub contain only a small number of clumps. The typical habitat of Virginia spiraea is on the scoured banks of high-gradient streams or on meanders, point bars, natural levees, and braided features of lower-gradient stream segments.

The soils in which Virginia spirea is found typically are sandy, silty, or clayey, and it occurs at elevations ranging from 1000 to 2400 ft. The range of Virginia spiraea is the southern Blue Ridge Mountains or Appalachian plateau in Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia. A critical requirement for sustaining this plant seems to be removal of woody competition by erosion. Virginia spiraea is threatened by factors such as impoundments, road maintenance, beaver damage, off-road vehicle use, deer browse, non-native plant species, and pollution. (Reference 2.4.1-20) Virginia spiraea was not observed in field surveys of the Clinch River Property, and its preferred habitat was not found to be present (Reference 2.4.1-21; Reference 2.4.1-1).

White Fringeless Orchid (Platanthera integrilabia)

The status of white fringeless orchid (also known as monkey-face orchid) was changed from a candidate for federal listing to proposed for listing as threatened in September 2015 (Federal Register [Vol 80, No 178, 9/15/15]). White fringeless orchid is a perennial herb that blooms from late July to early September. The typical habitat of white fringeless orchid is partially shaded, flat, boggy areas at the heads of streams or seepage slopes. This orchid is usually found in acidic muck or sand in association with sphagnum moss and cinnamon fern, netted chain fern, and New York fern. The white fringeless orchid is uncommon throughout its range in the southeastern and south central United States. It is threatened by habitat modification, mainly alteration of hydrology. (Reference 2.4.1-22) White fringeless orchid was not observed in field surveys of the Clinch River Property, and its preferred habitat was not found to be present (Reference 2.4.1-1; Reference 2.4.1-21).

2.4.1-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.1.5.2 State-Listed Species Forty-eight terrestrial or wetland species with a state listing status or other state protected status have recorded occurrences in Roane County (Table 2.4.1-5). The animal species with state status include four birds, nine mammals, two reptiles, and one amphibian that are state-listed as threatened or endangered or are deemed in need of management. The plant species with state status include 30 species that are state-listed as endangered, threatened, or of special concern; one species of special concern due to commercial exploitation; and one species that is of special concern and possibly extirpated. (Reference 2.4.1-12) Four of these state-listed animals and plants also are federally listed, and one is proposed for federal listing as threatened. In Subsection 2.4.1.5.1, the animals with federal listing status were discussed and found to have the potential to occur on the Clinch River Property, and the plants with federal listing status were eliminated from further evaluation because field surveys did not find them on the Clinch River Property and suitable habitat was not present on the Clinch River Property.

The remaining species that have a state listing status or other protective status were further considered with regard to their potential to occur on the CRN Site given the proximity of their recorded occurrences and their habitat requirements. Table 2.4.1-6 identifies the species with state status and recorded occurrences in Roane County, briefly describes their characteristic habitats, and denotes the subset of species that have recorded occurrences within 6 mi of the CRN Site. Based on a review of the TVA Regional Natural Heritage Database in November 2013 and observation of Indiana bats and bald eagles during wildlife surveys at the CRN Site, occurrences of 27 species with a state listing status or other state protected status have been recorded within 6 mi of the CRN Site. Two of these animal species, the gray bat and Indiana bat, are federally listed and were discussed in Subsection 2.4.1.5.1. One of these plant species is of concern because it is commercially exploited. Of the remaining 24 species with state status and recorded occurrences within 6 mi, seven are animals and 17 are plants.

Four state-status animal species were observed at the CRN Site during wildlife surveys: the gray bat, Indiana bat, sharp-shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus), and bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) (Reference 2.4.1-9). Field surveys of the CRN Site to search for possible rare plant species found that no state-status plant species occur on the CRN Site. Two state-status plant species were observed during field surveys on the Clinch River Property within the Grassy Creek HPA: spreading false foxglove (Aureolaria patula) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) (Reference 2.4.1-1). Although the Clinch River Property potentially could provide suitable habitat for many of the terrestrial and wetland species with state status included in Table 2.4.1-6, only these four animal species and two plant species were observed during recent or earlier surveys of the Clinch River Property (Reference 2.4.1-1; Reference 2.4.1-9).

In the Barge/Traffic Area, state-status animal species observed include the gray bat (endangered), Indiana bat (endangered), and bald eagle (in need of management) (Reference 2.4.1-11). Two state-status plants have been previously reported to occur (most recently in 2000) in a small portion of the southern part of the Barge/Traffic Area: spreading false foxglove 2.4.1-23 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report and shining ladies-tresses (Spiranthes lucida). However, field surveys of the Barge/Traffic Area in 2015 did not find these plants to be present. (Reference 2.4.1-3)

Of the four state-status animal species observed on the Clinch River Property, the two species not discussed as federally listed species in Subsection 2.4.1.5.1 are the sharp-shinned hawk and bald eagle. These two birds and the two plants are briefly discussed below.

Sharp-Shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus)

The sharp-shinned hawk has a state status of in need of management. This small hawk inhabits forest and open woodland where it preys mainly on small birds. In eastern North America, its breeding habitat extends from eastern Canada south to northern Alabama, with the greatest nesting densities occurring in eastern Canada. Young, dense, mixed or coniferous woodlands are preferred for nesting. (Reference 2.4.1-23) The sharp-shinned hawk has been observed on the ORR during its breeding season. Marginally suitable habitat is available for this species within the upland ridge and valley forest habitat in the northern half of the Clinch River Property.

A sharp-shinned hawk was observed at the CRN Site in winter during a 2011 wildlife survey along the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir. (Reference 2.4.1-9)

Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Although no longer federally listed, the bald eagle remains federally protected by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act, and it is designated by the State of Tennessee as in need of management. The bald eagle has increased in numbers in east Tennessee in the past decade.

It builds large nests in trees near reservoirs and rivers, and numerous nests are present along Watts Bar Reservoir. The bald eagle also may occur in nearby forested habitats. The closest documented nest is approximately 8 mi from the CRN Site on Watts Bar Reservoir. Bald eagles were not observed during any of the field investigations conducted by TVA environmental staff on the CRN Site in 2011 or 2013. However, TVA environmental staff did observe bald eagles in flight in 2013 during their quarterly visual encounter surveys along the Clinch River at the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Also, a juvenile bald eagle was observed flying over the Barge/Traffic Area during wildlife surveys (Reference 2.4.1-11).

Spreading False-Foxglove (Aureolaria patula)

Spreading false-foxglove has a state status of special concern. It is a perennial member of the figwort family that is parasitic on the roots of oaks. It grows on steep, partially shaded, calcareous slopes above rivers and large streams, often within a few feet of the water. It flowers from August through the first frost. (Reference 2.4.1-1)

American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)

American ginseng has a state status of special concern - commercially exploited. This herb is commercially exploited for the purported medicinal value of its roots. Collection of ginseng is regulated by the State of Tennessee through the Ginseng Dealer Registration Act of 1983 and 2.4.1-24 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report the Ginseng Harvest Season Act of 1985. Ginseng prefers mesic habitats and flowers from May to July, with fruits ripening later in summer. (Reference 2.4.1-1) 2.4.1.5.3 Species of Commercial or Recreational Value As discussed in Subsection 2.4.1.5.2, American ginseng is a plant species of commercial value that occurs on the Clinch River Property. The populations of American ginseng on the Clinch River Property are within the Grassy Creek HPA and are not available for commercial harvesting (Reference 2.4.1-1).

Terrestrial wildlife species that are hunted recreationally in the vicinity occur on the Clinch River Property and the Barge/Traffic Area, including the white-tailed deer, gray squirrel, eastern cottontail, raccoon, Canada goose, wood duck, and wild turkey. The Oak Ridge State WMA is located primarily on the ORR and is managed by the TWRA for hunting of small and large game. The Clinch River Property is adjacent to the WMA but is not within the area, and hunting is not allowed on the Clinch River Property. The Barge/Traffic Area is within the WMA and hunting is allowed in the area.

2.4.1.5.4 Nuisance Species Terrestrial nuisance species typically are invasive species that are non-native and likely to cause economic and/or environmental harm. These species also are described as alien, non-indigenous, exotic, or undesirable species. (474 Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency 2008)

Nuisance animal species observed on the Clinch River Property during wildlife surveys conducted in 2011 and 2013 were the European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) and rock pigeon (Columba livia). The American beaver (Castor canadensis), which is native but also can be a nuisance species if it destroys trees or causes flooding, also was observed on the Clinch River Property. (Reference 2.4.1-9) Nuisance plant species are much more numerous on the Clinch River Property and include trees, shrubs, vines, grasses, and forbs. Much of the Clinch River Property was extensively altered during site preparation for the CRBRP, resulting in the introduction and spread of invasive, non-native plant species on the Clinch River Property.

(Reference 2.4.1-1) Executive Order 13112, issued in 1999, defines an invasive species as an alien species (not native to the region or area) whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health. (Reference 2.4.1-24) Invasive plants are robust and lack the natural predators and diseases that tend to keep native plants in natural balance. Invasive plants can reduce forest productivity, hinder forest use and management activities, and degrade diversity and wildlife habitat. Some invasive plants have been introduced into this country accidentally, but most were brought here as ornamentals or for livestock forage.

(Reference 2.4.1-1) Common nuisance species of plants occurring on the Clinch River Property include the following:

  • Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) 2.4.1-25 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense)
  • Johnsons grass (Sorghum halepense)
  • Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)
  • Autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata)
  • Chinese (sericea) lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata)
  • Japanese stilt grass (Nepalese browntop) (Microstegium vimineum)
  • Mimosa (Albizia julibrissin) (Reference 2.4.1-1)

Japanese honeysuckle, Chinese privet, Chinese lespedeza, and Japanese stilt grass also were observed on the Barge/Traffic Area (Reference 2.4.1-3). These nuisance species have the potential to spread rapidly and displace native vegetation, and they are considered a severe threat in Tennessee. No federal noxious weeds (plants designated by the United States Department of Agriculture as potentially damaging to agriculture, natural resources, public health, or the environment [7 USC 7701 et seq.]) were observed during field surveys of the Clinch River Property. (Reference 2.4.1-1) 2.4.1.6 Transmission Corridor Habitats and Species Two transmission line corridors currently traverse the CRN Site: a 161-kV line that crosses the reservoir at the southeastern tip of the peninsula and extends to the northwestern corner of the CRN Site, and a 500-kV line that crosses the reservoir and the western boundary of the CRN Site and extends northeast across the widest part of the CRN Site (Figure 2.2-1). The 500-kV line continues approximately 5 mi northeast to the Bethel Valley substation. The only new transmission line proposed for construction at a location off the CRN Site is a 69-kV underground line to be installed within the existing 500-kV ROW between the CRN Site and the Bethel Valley substation. Within the CRN Site, an approximately 1.2-mi segment of the 161-kV line is to be re-routed from its current alignment. The new 161-kV ROW extends north from the reservoir parallel to the shoreline before turning northwest and connecting to the existing ROW slightly northwest of where it crosses the 500-kV ROW. The new 161-kV ROW overlaps areas to be cleared for facility construction except for approximately 1200 ft at the southern end of the new ROW. Subsection 2.4.1.1 describes the vegetation typical of the herbaceous/grassland community on the CRN Site, which is maintained within the ROWs by control of woody vegetation under the transmission lines. A similar herbaceous community is maintained within the 5-mi segment of the 500-kV ROW in which the installation of a 69-kV underground transmission is planned. The terrestrial habitats within this ROW are not known to include wetlands or occurrences of federally or state-listed species.

Installation of a 69-kV underground transmission line is planned within the approximately 5-mi segment of the existing 500-kV ROW that extends northeast from the CRN Site to the Bethel Valley substation. Installation of the proposed underground transmission line potentially could affect terrestrial plants within the existing ROW. The vegetation within the ROW is actively 2.4.1-26 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report maintained by TVA as an herbaceous community, which includes plant species and habitat for animal species such as those described above for the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area.

Federally or state-listed plant species are not known to occur in the terrestrial communities within this ROW. Listed animal species, such as bats, potentially could forage in these open corridor habitats within the ROWs.

As discussed in Subsections 2.2.3 and 3.7.3.8, segments of the transmission system outside the CRN Site (other than the segment containing the 69-kV underground line discussed above) would require modifications involving uprating, reconductoring, or rebuilding. However, additional ROWs would not be established, cleared, or developed. The lines that include segments or structures that may need to be modified are overlaid on a map of regional land cover types in Figure 2.2-7. The vegetation communities within the ROWs for these lines are actively maintained by TVA as predominantly herbaceous communities consisting of plant and animal species such as those described above for such communities on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area. Based on TVAs Natural Heritage database, Table 2.4.1-7 identifies the biological resources that have been identified as potentially occurring on or near the ROWs for these lines. These resources include important terrestrial habitats such as state parks, state forests, and wildlife management areas; wetlands; and federal and state listed terrestrial species (Indiana bat, northern long-eared bat, and plants).

2.4.1.7 References Reference 2.4.1-1. Cox, Patricia B., Dattilo, Adam J., and Baxter, Jr. J. T., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Terrestrial Plant Communities and Botanical Resources Survey Report -

Revision 5," Tennessee Valley Authority, October 28, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-2. U.S. Department of Energy, "Clinch River Breeder Reactor Plant Project Site Redress Plan," March, 1984.

Reference 2.4.1-3. Dattilo, Adam J., "Clinch River Barge/Traffic Area - Terrestrial Plant Communities and Botanical Resources Survey Report," Tennessee Valley Authority, June 18, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-4. Pilarski-Hall, Kim and Lees, Britta P., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Wetland Survey Report - Revision 4," November 19, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-5. Pilarski-Hall, Kim and Kennon, R. A., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Supplemental Wetland Survey Report Barge/Traffic Area - Revision 1," Tennessee Valley Authority, June 17, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-6. Pilarski-Hall, Kim, "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Technical Report Natural Areas (Managed Areas & Sites) - Revision 2," Tennessee Valley Authority, November 19, 2015.

2.4.1-27 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.1-7. Baranski, Michael J., "Natural Areas Analysis and Evaluation, Oak Ridge Reservation," ORNL/TM-2009/201, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, November, 2009.

Reference 2.4.1-8. Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park, Welcome to the Oak Ridge National Environmental Research Park, Website: http://www.esd.ornl.gov/facilities/nerp/,

January 19, 2011.

Reference 2.4.1-9. LeGrand, Holly, Hamrick, Elizabeth B., and Baxter, Jr. J. T., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Terrestrial Animal Survey Report - Revision 7," Tennessee Valley Authority, November 20, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-10. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Biological Monitoring to Characterize the Aquatic Community near the Site of the Proposed Clinch River Small Modular Reactor 2011,"

Tennessee Valley Authority Biological and Water Resources, Chattanooga, Tennessee, January, 2013.

Reference 2.4.1-11. Hamrick, Elizabeth B., "Clinch River - Addendum Barge/Traffic Area Terrestrial Animal Survey Report - Revision 1," Tennessee Valley Authority, July 1, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-12. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Rare Species by County - Listing for Roane County, TN, Website: http://environment-online.state.tn.us:8080/pls/enf_reports/f?p=9014:3:6699189149038::::: 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-13. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Threatened Species Status for Platanthera integrilabia (White Fringeless Orchid)," FWS-R4-ES-2015-0129; FR Vol. 80, No. 178, September 15, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-14. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens) 5-Year Review: Summary and Evaluation, Website:

http://www.fws.gov/ecos/ajax/docs/five_year_review/doc2625.pdf, 2009.

Reference 2.4.1-15. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Indiana Bat (Myotis sodalis) Draft Recovery Plan: First Revision, Website:

http://www.mcrcc.osmre.gov/MCR/Resources/bats/pdf/IN%20BAT%20DRAFT%20PLAN%20ap r07.pdf, April, 2007.

Reference 2.4.1-16. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, FAQs about Listing Northern Long-eared Bat as Threatened, Website:

http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/mammals/nleb/FAQsFinalListNLEB.html, April 14, 2015.

Reference 2.4.1-17. U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plant of the Week American Hart's Tongue Fern, Website: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/asplenium_scolopendrium_americanum.shtml, October 13, 2010.

2.4.1-28 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.1-18. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, American Hart's Tongue Fern, Website: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/plants/pdf/ahtf-fctsht.pdf, 1997.

Reference 2.4.1-19. Center for Biological Diversity, "Measuring the Success of the Endangered Species Act: Recovery Trends in the Northeastern United States," February, 2006.

Reference 2.4.1-20. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Virginia Spiraea, Website:

http://www.fws.gov/northeast/virginiafield/pdf/endspecies/fact_sheets/va%20spiraea.pdf, August, 1999.

Reference 2.4.1-21. Cox, Patricia B. and Nestor, David, "Botany Fall 2013 Plant Survey,"

Tennessee Valley Authority, 2013.

Reference 2.4.1-22. U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Plant of the Week White Fringeless Orchid, Website: http://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/platanthera_integrilabia.shtml, October 13, 2010.

Reference 2.4.1-23. Natureserve, Sharp-shinned Hawk, Website:

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Accipiter+striatus, July, 2013.

Reference 2.4.1-24. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Federal Laws and Regulations Executive Order 13112, Website: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/laws/execorder.shtml, November 26, 2013.

Reference 2.4.1-25. Pilarski-Hall, Kim and Kennon, R. A., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Supplemental Wetland Survey Report Barge/Traffic Area - Revision 1," Tennessee Valley Authority, 2.4.1-29 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-1 Vegetation/Land Cover Types, Percent Coverage, and Acreage on the CRN Site1 Vegetation/Land Cover Type Approximate Acreage Percent Site Coverage Mixed evergreen-deciduous forest2 390 42 3

Deciduous forest 292 31 4

Herbaceous vegetation 204 22 Evergreen forest 32 3 Roads/developed areas 14 2 Ponds 3 <1 Total 935 100 1 Table 2.4.1-1 presents a more refined representation of vegetation/land cover types on the CRN Site than the data presented in Section 2.2, Table 2.2-1. Dominant vegetation communities and other land cover types on the CRN Site were drawn in GIS based on aerial photographs and information from TVA field surveys.

2 Includes 1.0 ac of wetlands 3 Includes 12.72 ac of wetlands 4 Includes 1.82 ac of wetlands 2.4.1-30 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 1 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name 1

American beech Fagus grandifolia American ginseng Panax quinquefolius American holly Ilex opaca 1

American sycamore Platanus occidentalis Amur honeysuckle Lonicera maackii Angularfruit milkvine Matelea gonocarpos Appalachian bugbane Cimicifuga rubifolia Autumn olive Elaeagnus umbellata Axilflower Mecardonia acuminata Balm of Gilead Populus X jackii Beaked panic grass Panicum anceps Beech drops Epifagus virginiana Big bluestem Andropogon gerardii Bishop's cap Mitella diphylla Black oak Quercus velutina Black snakeroot Cimicifuga racemosa Black walnut Juglans nigra 1

Black willow Salix nigra Black-eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta 1

Black gum Nyssa sylvatica Bladdernut Staphylea trifolia Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis Blue cohosh Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue phlox Phlox divaricata Box elder Acer negundo Bradford pear Pyrus calleryana Broad beech fern Phegopteris hexagonoptera Bulbous lip fern Cystopteris bulbifera Butterfly weed Asclepias tuberosa 1

Buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis Canada violet Viola canadensis Carolina buckthorn Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina coralbeads Cocculus carolinus Cattail Typha latifolia 1

Chestnut oak Quercus montana 2.4.1-31 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 2 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name 1

Chinese (sericea) lespedeza Lespedeza cuneata 1

Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense 1

Christmas fern Polystichum acrostichoides Common adder's tongue fern Ophioglossum vulgatum 2

Common rush Juncus effusus Common threesquare Schoenoplectus pungens Creeping jenny Lysimachia nummularia Crownbeard Verbesina alternifolia Crownbeard Verbesina occidentalis Cucumber magnolia Magnolia acuminata Dog-tooth violet Erythronium americanum Doll's eyes Actaea pachypoda Dutchman's breeches Dicentra cucullaria Dwarf larkspur Delphinium tricorne Eastern red bud Cercis canadensis Eastern red cedar Juniperus virginiana Ebony spleenwort Asplenium platyneuron Fall bentgrass Agrostis perennans Field thistle Cirsium discolor 1

Flowering dogwood Cornus florida Fluxweed Isanthus brachiatus Foam flower Tiarella cordifolia Frank's sedge Carex frankii Fringeleaf wild petunia Ruellia humilis Frost weed Verbesina virginica Giant chickweed Stellaria pubera Giant sedge Carex gigantea Glade fern Diplazium pycnocarpon Golden eye saxifrage Saxifraga careyana 1

Green ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green violet Hybanthus concolor Grooved flax Linum sulcatum 2

Groundnut Apios americana Hairy small-leaf tick trefoil Desmodium ciliare Harbinger of spring Erigenia bulbosa 2.4.1-32 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 3 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Harper's triparted violet Viola tripartita var. glaberrima Hoary puccoon Lithospermum canescens Hyssopleaf thoroughwort Eupatorium hyssopifolium Indian pink Spigelia marilandica Jack in the pulpit Arisaema triphyllum Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans 1

Japanese honeysuckle Lonicera japonica 1

Japanese stiltgrass (Nepalese browntop) Microstegium vimineum 1

Jewel weed Impatiens capensis Johnson's grass Sorghum halepense Kudzu Pueraria montana var. lobata Largeleaf waterleaf Hydrophyllum macrophyllum Leafy bulrush Scirpus polyphyllus Little brown jug Hexastylis arifolia 1

Lizard tail Saururus cernuus 2

Lobed tickseed Coreopsis auriculata Loblolly pine Pinus taeda Longleaf summer bluet Houstonia longifolia 2

Lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium Maiden hair fern Adiantum pedatum Maple-leaf viburnum Viburnum acerifolium Maryland senna Senna marilandica 1

Mockernut hickory Carya tomentosa Monkey flower Mimulus alatus 2

Mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia Multiflora rose Rosa multiflora 2

Muscadine Vitis rotundifolia Muscle wood Carpinus caroliniana Narrowleaf vervain Verbena simplex Netted chain fern Woodwardia areolata Nettleleaf sage Salvia urticifolia Northern red oak Quercus rubra Orange coneflower Rudbeckia fulgida Oriental bittersweet Celastrus orbiculatus Pale spike lobelia Lobelia spicata 2.4.1-33 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 4 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Pawpaw Asimina triloba Persimmon Diospyros virginiana Pignut hickory Carya glabra Poison hemlock Conium maculatum Poison ivy Toxicodendron radicans Princess tree Paulownia tomentosa Prostrate ground tick trefoil Desmodium rotundifolium Rattlesnake plantain Goodyera pubescens 1

Red maple Acer rubrum Red mulberry Morus rubra Red trillium Trillium erectum Resurrection fern Pleopeltis polypodiodies Rose mallow Hibiscus moscheutos Rose pink Sabatia angularis Roughseed St. John's wort Hypercium sphaerocarpum Roundhead lespedeza Lespedeza capitata Roundleaf thoroughwort Eupatorium rotundifolium Running ground pine Diphasiastrum digitatum Rusty blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum Sassafras Sassafras albidum 2

Scarlet oak Quercus coccinea Serviceberry Amelanchier sp.

2 Shallow sedge Carex lurida 2

Showy goldenrod Solidago speciosa Showy orchis Galearis spectabilis 1

Silky dogwood Cornus amomum Silver plume grass Saccharum alopecuroides Silver maple Acer saccharinum 2

Smalls ragwort Packera anonyma Solomon's plume Maianthemum racemosum Solomon's seal Polygonatum biflorum 1

Sourwood Oxydendrum arboreum 2

Southern blackberry Rubus sp.

Spicebush Lindera benzoin Spiked-flowered lobelia Lobelia spicata 2.4.1-34 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 5 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Spotted wintergreen Chimaphila maculata Sprangle-top Tridens flavus Spreading false foxglove Aureolaria patula Squarestem spike rush Eleocharis quadrangulata 1

Squarrose sedge Carex squarrosa Sugar maple Acer saccharum Sugarberry Celtis laevigata Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata 1

Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Tag alder Alnus serrulata 1

Tall false indigo Amorpha fruticosa Tall thoroughwort Eupatorium altissimum Trailing lespedeza Lespedeza procumbens Tree-of-Heaven Ailanthus altissima Trumpet creeper Campsis radicans Tulip poplar Liriodendron tulipifera Twining snoutbean Rhynchosia tomentosa Twinleaf Jeffersonia diphylla 1

Umbrella magnolia Magnolia tripetala Vasey's trillium Trillium vaseyi Virginia dayflower Commelina virginica Virginia pine Pinus virginiana Walking fern Asplenium rhizophyllum Water willow Decodon verticillatus White grass Leersia virginica 1

White oak Quercus alba White pine Pinus strobus White-blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium albidum Whorled milkweed Asclepias verticillata Wild basil Satureja vulgaris Wild black cherry Prunus serotina Wild geranium Geranium maculatum Wild ginger Asarum canadensis 2

Wild yam Dioscorea villosa Winged elm Ulmus alata 2.4.1-35 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-2 (Sheet 6 of 6)

Plants Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 and 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2015)

Common Name Scientific Name 2

Winged sumac Rhus copallinum Wood sorrel Oxalis sp.

Wool grass Scirpus cyperinus Wooly mallow Hibiscus moscheutos Yellow buckeye Aesculus flava Yellow flag Iris pseudacorus Yellow giant hyssop Agastache nepetoides Yellow trillium Trillium luteum Notes:

This is a list of plants observed on the Clinch River Property and Barge/Traffic Area by TVA botanists. It is not a complete list of plant species that occur in these areas. Plant field surveys were conducted in April 2011, July 2011, and September 2013 on the Clinch River Property and in May 2015 on the Barge/Traffic Area.

Area where observed is the Clinch River Property unless otherwise noted:

1 Both Clinch River Property and Barge/Traffic Area 2 Barge/Traffic Area only Sources: (Reference 2.4.1-3; Reference 2.4.1-1) 2.4.1-36 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-3 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Wetlands on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area TVARAM2 Wetland Wetland ID Wetland Classification 1 Category Acreage on Jurisdictional Status3 (Score) CRN Site CRN Site W001 PFO1E 2 (54) 0.67 jurisdictional wetland W002 PEM1E 1 (22) 0.13 TDEC jurisdiction W003 PFO1E 2 (46) 0.18 jurisdictional wetland W004 PFO1E 2 (49) 0.24 jurisdictional wetland W005 PFO1E 2 (57) 0.36 jurisdictional wetland W006 PEM1E/PSS1E 2 (42) 0.11 jurisdictional wetland W007 PSS1E/PFO1E 2 (57) 0.17 jurisdictional wetland W008 PFO1E 2 (43) 0.23 jurisdictional wetland W009 PEM1E/PSS1E/PFO1E 3 (90) 5.66 jurisdictional wetland W010 PEM1E/PSS1E/PFO1E 2 (46) 1.79 jurisdictional wetland W011 PFO1E 3 (62) 5.87 jurisdictional wetland W012 PEM1E 1 (20) 0.13 to be determined4 Total CRN Site 15.54 Barge/Traffic Area W013 PSS1E/PEM1E 2 (41) 3.73 to be determined W014 PSS1E/PEM1E 2 (41) 3.05 to be determined W015 PFO1E 2 (55) 1.95 to be determined W016 PEM1F 2 (53) 0.11 to be determined W017 PSS1Hh 3 (68) 1.33 to be determined Total Barge/Traffic Area 10.17 Total Wetland Acreage of CRN Site and 25.71 Barge/Traffic Area Notes:

CRN Site:

1 Classification codes: PEM1E - Palustrine emergent, persistent vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated; PSS1E - Palustrine scrub-shrub, broad-leaved deciduous vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated; PFO1E - Palustrine forested, broad-leaved deciduous vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated.

2 TVARAM = TVA Rapid Assessment Method Category 3 indicates wetlands of high quality Category 2 indicates wetlands of moderate quality Category 1 indicates wetlands of limited quality Score is based on values assigned for six metrics (described in Subsection 2.4.1.2) 3 Jurisdictional status as determined by USACE during CRN Site visit on September 23, 2013, or to be determined in future site visit.

4 W012 may be associated with historic grading activities.

2.4.1-37 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-3 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Wetlands on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area Notes (continued):

Barge/Traffic Area:

1 Classification codes as defined in Cowardin et al. 1979: PSS1E - Palustrine scrub-shrub, persistent vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated; PEM1E - Palustrine emergent, persistent vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated; PFO1E - Palustrine forested, broad-leaved deciduous vegetation, seasonally flooded/saturated; PEM1F - Palustrine emergent, persistent vegetation, semi-permanently flooded; PSS1Hh - Palustrine scrub-shrub, broad-leaved deciduous vegetation, permanently flooded, diked/impounded.

2 TVARAM = TVA Rapid Assessment Method Category 3 indicates wetlands of high quality Category 2 indicates wetlands of moderate quality Category 1 indicates wetlands of limited quality 3

Jurisdictional status to be determined by USACE personnel during future site visit.

Source: (Reference 2.4.1-25; Reference 2.4.1-4) 2.4.1-38 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 1 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Mammals American beaver Castor canadensis big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus coyote Canis latrans eastern chipmunk Tamias striatus eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis elk Cervus elaphus evening bat Nycticeius humeralis gray bat Myotis grisescens hispid cotton rat Sigmodon hispidus hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus Indiana bat Myotis sodalis little brown bat Myotis lucifugus muskrat Ondatra zibethicus deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus northern long-eared bat Myotis septentrionalis opossum Didelphis virginiana raccoon Procyon lotor red bat Lasiurus borealis red fox Vulpes vulpes short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda silver-haired bat Lasionycteris noctivagans small-footed bat Myotis leibii striped skunk Mephitis mephitis tricolored bat Perimyotis subflavus white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus Birds Acadian flycatcher Empidonax virescens American crow Corvus brachyrhynchos American goldfinch Spinus tristis American robin Turdus migratorius American tree sparrow Spizella arborea bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus bank swallow Riparia riparia barn swallow Hirundo rustica 2.4.1-39 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 2 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Birds (continued) barred owl Strix varia bay-breasted warbler Setophaga castanea belted kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax black-and-white warbler Mniotilta varia blackpoll warbler Setophaga striata black vulture Coragyps atratus blue-gray gnatcatcher Polioptila caerulea blue jay Cyanocitta cristata blue-winged warbler Vermivora cyanoptera brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater brown thrasher Toxostoma rufum Canada goose Branta canadensis Canada warbler Cardellina canadensis Carolina chickadee Poecile carolinensis Carolina wren Thryothorus ludovicianus cedar waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum chestnut-sided warbler Setophaga pensylvanica chimney swift Chaetura pelagica chuck-wills-widow Antrostomus carolinensis common grackle Quiscalus quiscula common yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas Coopers hawk Accipiter cooperii blue-headed vireo Vireo solitarius double-crested cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus downy woodpecker Picoides pubescens eastern bluebird Sialia sialis eastern kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus eastern meadowlark Sturnella magna eastern towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus eastern phoebe Sayornis phoebe European starling Sturnus vulgaris field sparrow Spizella pusilla golden-crowned kinglet Regulus satrapa gray catbird Dumetella carolinensis great blue heron Ardea herodias hairy woodpecker Picoides villosus 2.4.1-40 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 3 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Birds (continued) hermit thrush Catharus guttatus hooded warbler Setophaga citrina indigo bunting Passerina cyanea Kentucky warbler Geothlypis formosa killdeer Charadrius vociferus palm warbler Setophaga palmarum Louisiana waterthrush Parkesia motacilla mallard Anas platyrhynchos mourning dove Zenaida macroura Nashville warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla northern cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis northern flicker Colaptes auratus northern mockingbird Mimus polyglottos northern parula warbler Setophaga americana northern rough-winged swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis osprey Pandion haliaetus Philadelphia vireo Vireo philadelphicus pileated woodpecker Dryocopus pileatus pine warbler Setophaga pinus prairie warbler Setophaga discolor prothonotary warbler Protonotaria citrea purple martin Progne subis red-bellied woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus red-eyed vireo Vireo olivaceus red-headed woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus red-shouldered hawk Buteo lineatus red-tailed hawk Buteo jamaicensis red-winged blackbird Agelaius phoeniceus ruby-throated hummingbird Archilochus colubris rock pigeon Columba livia savannah sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis scarlet tanager Piranga olivacea sharp-shinned hawk Accipiter striatus song sparrow Melospiza melodia spotted sandpiper Actitis macularius summer tanager Piranga rubra Tennessee warbler Oreothlypis peregrina 2.4.1-41 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 4 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Birds (continued) tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor tufted titmouse Baeolophus bicolor turkey vulture Cathartes aura whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferous white-breasted nuthatch Sitta carolinensis white-eyed vireo Vireo griseus white-throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis wild turkey Meleagris gallopavo wood duck Aix sponsa wood thrush Hylocichla mustelina worm-eating warbler Helmitheros vermivorum yellow-bellied sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius yellow-billed cuckoo Coccyzus americanus yellow-breasted chat Icteria virens yellow-rumped warbler Setophaga coronata yellow-shafted flicker Colaptes auratus yellow-throated vireo Vireo flavifrons yellow-throated warbler Setophaga dominica Reptiles & Amphibians American bullfrog Rana catesbeiana American toad Bufo americanus black rat snake Elaphe obsoleta obsoleta box turtle Terrapene carolina carolina common map turtle Graptemys geographica common snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina corn snake Elaphe guttata guttata Cumberland slider Trachemys scripta troostii eastern red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens eastern worm snake Carphophis amoenus amoenus gray treefrog Hyla versicolor green frog Rana clamitans narrowmouth toad Gastrophryne carolinensis northern water snake Nerodia sipedon Ouachita map turtle Graptemys ouachitensis painted turtle Chrysemys picta pickerel frog Rana palustris 2.4.1-42 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 5 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Reptiles & Amphibians (continued) red-eared slider Trachemys scripta elegans river cooter Pseudemys concinna southern leopard frog Rana utricularia spiny softshell turtle Apalone spinifera spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer upland chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata feriarum Invertebrates ashy clubtail Gomphus lividus black-and-yellow orb-weaving spider Argiope aurantia black ants Formicidae cave cricket Ceuthophilus maculatus cicada Cicadidae red admiral butterfly Vanessa atalanta clouded sulfur butterfly Colias philodice crayfish Cambaridae dragonfly nymph Odonata duskywing butterfly Erynnis sp.

eastern pondhawk Erythemis simplicicollis eastern tailed blue butterfly Cupido comyntas eastern tiger swallowtail Papilio glaucus honey bee Apis mellifera Horace's duskywing butterfly Erynnis horatius juniper hairstreak Callophrys gryneus mourning cloak butterfly Nymphalis antiopa pearl crescent butterfly Phyciodes tharos pipevine swallowtail butterfly Battus philenor prawn Penaeus sp.

red-banded hairstreak Calycopis cecrops silver spotted skipper Epargyreus clarus spicebush swallowtail Papilio troilus tiger swallowtail butterfly Papilio glaucus terrestrial snails Pulmonata tiger moth Arctiidae walking stick Phasmidae wasp species Vespidae water boatman Corixa sp.

2.4.1-43 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-4 (Sheet 6 of 6)

Animals Observed on the Clinch River Property (2011 to 2013) and Barge/Traffic Area (2014 to 2015)

Common Name Scientific Name Invertebrates (continued)

West Virginia white Pieris virginiensis white-marked tussock moth Orgyia leucostigma widow skimmer Libellula luctuosa wild indigo duskywing Erynnis baptisiae black and yellow centipede Apheloria virginiensis zebra swallowtail butterfly Eurytides marcellus Fish green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus red-breasted sunfish Lepomis auritus warmouth Lepomis gulosus Source: (Reference 2.4.1-9) 2.4.1-44 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-5 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Terrestrial and Wetland Species with Federal or State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Federal State Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Birds Accipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk - NMGT Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow - E Haliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle - NMGT Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler - NMGT Mammals Myotis grisescens1 gray bat E E Myotis septentrionalis2 northern long-eared bat T -

Myotis sodalis3 Indiana bat E E Napaeozapus insignis woodland jumping mouse - NMGT Sorex cinereus cinereus shrew - NMGT Sorex dispar long-tailed shrew - NMGT Sorex fumeus smoky shrew - NMGT Sorex longirostris southeastern shrew - NMGT Synaptomys cooperi southern bog lemming - NMGT Zapus hudsonius meadow jumping mouse - NMGT Reptiles Ophisaurus attenuatus longicaudus eastern slender glass lizard - NMGT Pituophis melanoleucus melanoleucus northern pinesnake - T Amphibians Hemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander - NMGT Vascular Plants Agalinis auriculata earleaved false-foxglove - E Asplenium scolopendrium var.

Hart's-tongue fern T E americanum Aureolaria patula4 spreading false-foxglove - S Bolboschoenus fluviatilis river bulrush - S Delphinium exaltatum tall larkspur - E Diervilla lonicera northern bush-honeysuckle - T Diervilla sessilifolia var. rivularis mountain bush-honeysuckle - T Draba ramosissima branching Whitlow-grass - S Erysimum capitatum western wallflower - E Eurybia schreberi Schreber's aster - S Helianthus occidentalis naked-stem sunflower - S Juglans cinerea butternut - T 2.4.1-45 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-5 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Terrestrial and Wetland Species with Federal or State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Federal State Scientific Name Common Name Status Status Vascular Plants (continued)

Juncus brachycephalus small-headed rush - S Leucothoe racemosa fetter-bush - T Liatris cylindracea slender blazing-star - T Liparis loeselii fen orchis - T Lonicera dioica mountain honeysuckle - S Marshallia grandiflora large-flowered Barbara's-buttons - E Panax quinquefolius American ginseng - S-CE Pedicularis lanceolata swamp lousewort - S Platanthera flava var. herbiola tubercled rein-orchid - T Platanthera integrilabia white fringeless orchid PT E Pseudognaphalium helleri Heller's catfoot - S Ribes missouriense Missouri gooseberry - S Solidago ptarmicoides prairie goldenrod - E Spiraea virginiana Virginia spiraea T E Spiranthes lucida shining ladies'-tresses - T Symphyotrichum pratense barrens silky aster - E Thuja occidentalis northern white cedar - S Viola tripartita var. tripartita three-parted violet - S Non-Vascular Plants Myurella julacea a moss - S-P Preissia quadrata a liverwort - T 1 The gray bat was recorded on the Site by acoustic surveys performed in spring and summer of 2013.(Reference 2.4.1-9) 2 The northern long-eared bat (Myotis septentrionalis) was officially listed as threatened in May 2015. It was recorded on the CRN Site in 2011 by mist net surveys and in 2011 and 2013 by acoustic surveys; Records of this species in Roane County were unknown prior to these surveys. (Reference 2.4.1-9) 3 Although no records of the Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) are known from Roane County, it was recorded on the Site by acoustic surveys performed in spring and summer of 2013. (Reference 2.4.1-9) 4 Spreading false-foxglove was found growing on the Grassy Creek HPA during field visits in April and July 2011.

(Reference 2.4.1-1)

Notes:

Federal status definitions:

E = Endangered T = Threatened C = Candidate for listing PE = Proposed for listing as endangered PT = Proposed for listing as threatened 2.4.1-46 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-5 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Terrestrial and Wetland Species with Federal or State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Notes (continued):

State status definitions:

E = Endangered T = Threatened NMGT = In need of management (nongame wildlife)

S = Special concern (plants)

S-CE = Special concern (plants) - commercially exploited S-P = Special concern (plants) - possibly extirpated Source of species status and occurrences: (Reference 2.4.1-12) (Federal Register [Vol 80, No 178, 9/15/15])

2.4.1-47 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-6 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Habitats of Terrestrial and Wetland Species with State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Scientific Name1 Common Name State Status Habitat Animals Accipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk NMGT Forests and open woodlands Aimophila aestivalis Bachman's sparrow E Dry open pine or oak woods; nests on the ground in dense cover Haliaeetus leucocephalus bald eagle2 NMGT Areas close to large bodies of water; roosts in sheltered sites in winter; communal roost sites common Limnothlypis swainsonii Swainson's warbler NMGT Mature, rich, damp, deciduous floodplain and swamp forests Myotis grisescens gray bat E Cave obligate year-round; frequents forested areas; migratory Myotis sodalis Indiana bat2 E Hibernates in caves; spring/summer maternity roosts are normally under the bark of standing trees Napaeozapus insignis woodland jumping NMGT Deciduous and coniferous forests with herbaceous groundcover; mouse middle and east Tennessee Sorex cinereus cinereus shrew NMGT Rich woodlands of many types; open fields; middle and east Tennessee Sorex dispar long-tailed shrew NMGT Mountainous, forested areas with loose talus; east Tennessee Sorex fumeus smoky shrew NMGT Damp wooded areas including coniferous or mixed forests; middle and east Tennessee Sorex longirostris southeastern shrew NMGT Various habitats including wet meadows, damp woods, and uplands; statewide Synaptomys cooperi southern bog lemming NMGT Marshy meadows, wet balds, rich upland forests Zapus hudsonius meadow jumping mouse NMGT Open grassy fields; often abundant in thick vegetation near water bodies; statewide Ophisaurus attenuatus eastern slender glass NMGT Dry upland areas including brushy, cut-over woodlands and grassy longicaudus lizard fields; fossorial; nearly statewide but obscure Pituophis melanoleucus northern pinesnake T Well-drained sandy soils in pine/pine-oak woods; dry mountain ridges; melanoleucus E portions of west TN, E to lower elevations of the Appalachians Hemidactylium scutatum four-toed salamander NMGT Woodland swamps, shallow depressions, sphagnum mats on acidic soils; middle and east Tennessee 2.4.1-48 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-6 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Habitats of Terrestrial and Wetland Species with State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee Scientific Name1 Common Name State Status Habitat Plants Agalinis auriculata earleaved false-foxglove E Barrens Asplenium scolopendrium var. Hart's-tongue fern E Sinks americanum Aureolaria patula spreading false-foxglove S Oak woods and edges Bolboschoenus fluviatilis river bulrush S Marshes Delphinium exaltatum tall larkspur E Glades and barrens Diervilla lonicera northern bush- T Rocky woodlands and bluffs honeysuckle Diervilla sessilifolia var. mountain bush- T Dry cliffs and bluffs rivularis honeysuckle Draba ramosissima branching Whitlow-grass S Calcareous bluffs Erysimum capitatum western wallflower E Rocky bluffs Eurybia schreberi Schreber's aster S Mesic woods and seepage slopes Helianthus occidentalis naked-stem sunflower S Limestone glades and barrens Juglans cinerea butternut T Rich woods and hollows Juncus brachycephalus small-headed rush S Seeps and wet bluffs Leucothoe racemosa fetter-bush T Acidic wetlands and swamps Liatris cylindracea slender blazing-star T Barrens Liparis loeselii fen orchis T Calcareous seeps Lonicera dioica mountain honeysuckle S Mountain woods and thickets Marshallia grandiflora large-flowered E Rocky river bars Barbara's-buttons Myurella julacea a moss S-P Shale bluffs 2.4.1-49 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-6 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Habitats of Terrestrial and Wetland Species with State Status and Recorded Occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee State Scientific Name1 Common Name Habitat Status Plants (continued)

Panax quinquefolius American ginseng S-CE Rich woods Pedicularis lanceolata swamp lousewort S Wet acidic barrens and seeps Platanthera flava var. herbiola tubercled rein-orchid T Swamps and floodplains Platanthera integrilabia white fringeless orchid E Acidic seeps and stream heads Preissia quadrata a liverwort T Seepy limestone cliffs and bluffs Pseudognaphalium helleri Heller's catfoot S Dry sandy woods Ribes missouriense Missouri gooseberry S Rocky woods Solidago ptarmicoides prairie goldenrod E Barrens Spiraea virginiana Virginia spiraea E Stream bars and ledges Spiranthes lucida shining ladies'-tresses T Alluvial woods and moist slopes Symphyotrichum pratense barrens silky aster E Barrens Thuja occidentalis northern white cedar S Calcareous rocky seeps, cliffs 1

Scientific names in bold indicate that the species has a recorded occurrence within 6 mi of the Site.

2 The bald eagle and Indiana bat were observed during wildlife surveys at the Clinch River Property but were not previously recorded as occurring in Roane County according to the TDEC county list.

Notes:

State status definitions:

E = Endangered T = Threatened NMGT = In need of management (nongame wildlife)

S = Special concern (plants)

S-CE = Special concern (plants) - commercially exploited S-P = Special concern (plants) - possibly extirpated Source: (Reference 2.4.1-12) 2.4.1-50 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-7 (Sheet 1 of 4)

Biological Resources in ROWs of Transmission System Line Segments to be Modified Line Line Number/ Resource Resource Description1 Modification Name Type Rebuild L5092 Volunteer-N Wetland Wetlands (potential, and field verified)

Knoxville No 1 Reconductor L5125 Norris HP- Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Lafollette-Pineville Botany State listed species in vicinity (Incl Sweet Gum Flats) Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Natural Cumberland Trail State Park, north Natural North Cumberland State WMA Natural Chimney Rock, unique geologic feature Natural Corrigan Wildlife Management Area, KY Natural Kentucky Ridge Forest WMA Uprate L5167 Winchester- Botany Federal and state listed species in vicinity Smith Mountain Wetland Wetlands (potential, ponds)

SW STA (Incl Pelham, Coalmont) Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Natural Collins River Uprate L5173 Watts Bar Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat HP-Great Falls HP Botany Special circumstance (Incl Pikeville)

Botany Federal and state listed species in vicinity Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Natural Piney River Tree Farm Natural Slabside pearlymussel designated critical habitat Natural Bledsoe State Forest Uprate L5173 Watts Bar Natural Fall Creek Falls State Park HP-Great Falls HP Natural Great Falls Reservoir reservation (Incl Pikeville)

(continued) Natural Center Hill Lake - USACE Natural Center Hill Reservoir reservation Natural Rock Island State Park 2.4.1-51 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-7 (Sheet 2 of 4)

Biological Resources in ROWs of Transmission System Line Segments to be Modified Line Line Number/ Resource Resource Description1 Modification Name Type Uprate L5186 John Sevier Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat FP - Cherokee HP Botany State listed species in vicinity No 1 Wetland Wetlands (potential, field verified 2013, ponds)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the ROW and vicinity Natural Cherokee Reservoir Reservation Natural Grainger County Park Natural Fluted kidneyshell designated critical habitat Natural Lower French Broad and Lower Holston nonessential experimental population status Natural National Rivers Inventory - Holston River Reconductor L5204 Monterey - Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Peavine SW STA Botany Federal and state listed species in vicinity 161 KV (Incl Campbell Junction, Wetland Wetlands (potential, ponds)

Fredonia, Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Crossville, W Crossville)

Uprate L5205 Rockwood - Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Peavine SW STA Botany Federal and state listed species in the ROW and (Incl Crossville) vicinity Wetland Wetlands (potential, ponds)

Uprate L5205 Rockwood - Natural Cumberland Trail Peavine SW STA Natural Cumberland Trail State Park (Incl Crossville)

(continued)

Reconductor L5235 Elza - Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Spallation Neutron Botany State listed species in the ROW and vicinity Source Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Natural Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ORR Reconductor L5280 Oak Ridge Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat National Botany State listed species in the ROW and vicinity Laboratory -

Spallation Neutron Wetland Wetland (jurisdictional - field delineation)

Source 161 KV Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Natural Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ORR 2.4.1-52 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-7 (Sheet 3 of 4)

Biological Resources in ROWs of Transmission System Line Segments to be Modified Line Line Number/ Resource Resource Description1 Modification Name Type Uprate L5624 John Sevier Botany State listed species in vicinity FP-White Pine No 2 Wetland Wetlands (potential, pond)

(Incl Greenville)

Wetland Wetlands (field verified 2013)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the ROW and vicinity Natural Cherokee Reservoir Reservation Reconductor L5659 Bull Run FP- Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat N Knoxville No 1 Botany State listed species in vicinity Wetland Wetlands (potential, pond)

Natural Brushy Valley Park Natural Upper Bull Run Bluffs TVA Habitat Protection Area Reconductor L5697 Oglethorpe - Botany State listed species in vicinity Concord (Incl Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Cloud Springs)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Reconductor L5702 FRANKLIN- Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat WINCHESTER Botany State listed species in vicinity Wetland Wetlands (potential)

Natural AEDC and Woods State Wildlife Management Area Natural AEDC Military Reservation Natural AEDC Wildlife Management Area and Woods Reservoir Natural Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC)

Natural AEDC Double Powerline Barrens Reconductor L5743 Kingston Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat FP-Rockwood- Terrestrial Heronry Roane No 1 (Incl Harriman, K33) Botany Federal and state listed species in vicinity Wetland Wetlands (potential, ponds)

Aquatic Sensitive aquatic species in the vicinity Natural Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ORR Natural Watts Bar Reservoir Reservation 2.4.1-53 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.1-7 (Sheet 4 of 4)

Biological Resources in ROWs of Transmission System Line Segments to be Modified Line Line Number/ Resource Resource Description1 Modification Name Type Uprate/ L5882 Elza- Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Reconductor Huntsville (Incl Botany Federal and state listed species in vicinity Braytown, Windrock) Wetland Wetlands (potential, pond)

Natural Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area, National Park Service Natural North Cumberland State WMA Natural East Fork Ridge State Protection Planning Site Natural Oak Ridge National Laboratory and ORR Uprate L5940 White Pine- Terrestrial Indiana bat and northern long-eared bat Dumplin Valley Wetland Wetlands (potential, pond)

Uprate/ L5957 Douglas HP Terrestrial Bald eagle Reconductor - White Pine (Incl Wetland Wetlands (pond/potential wetland, lake)

Newport)

Natural Rankin Bottoms State WMA & Wildlife Observation Area 1 Summary of resources identified as occurring in one or more of the affected segments of each line based on data from the TVA Natural Heritage database. Line segments affected and the lengths and acreage of the lines are included in Table 3.7-1.

2.4.1-54 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.4.1-1. Land Cover Types on the CRN Site 2.4.1-55 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Figure 2.4.1-2. Streams, Ponds, and Wetlands on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area 2.4.1-56 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 0 20 ANA5 78 00 ANA7 11 11 10 00 ANA4 94 1100 0 00 940 0

78 0 102 1020 10 11 1020 110 0

ANA8 0 0 NA20 20 940 102 78 NA2 0 11 0 86 0 110 00 940 0 86 0 HA2 110 NA12 110 RA6 ANA3 0 0 RA15 NA13 NA52 86 102 V

U 10 940 NA41 86 10 0 0 11 20 0 20 102 940 94 20 00 780 95 HA7 10 94 0

86 PH5 10 860 940 NA47 0 20 20 NA24 10 n e NA50 20 Li 10 V

U 0 20 00 10 86 327 11 n NA55 1020 io 0 ARA6 NA35 10 940 iss 0 20 RA23 NA45 940 10 ANA2 11 0 780 20 m 110 860 86 0 NA4 a ns 10 20 11 00 Bethel Valley NA38 94 0

780 10 20 Tr 00 Substation 860 ARA1 V 11 ARA5 860 1K PH6 NA36 860 860 86 0 16 80 1100 0 0 RA30 86 94 11 940 1020 0

00 86 11 10 Oak Ridge 860 NA48 20 94 20 RA28 National Lab 0 94 20 10 RA29 0 0 10 ARA4 86 860 780 V

U 58 10 20 V U95 94 0

ARA3 94 0

86 860 ARA9 RA10 1100 780 CMA1 10 HA5 0 NA26 NA29 94 20 94 940 0 860 0 0 86 860 94 o ad 102 0 NA42 94 0 86 0 86 0 1100 00 1180 kR 0 NA31 20 11 940 86 e 10 NA49 0 e RA22 940 Cr PH2 86 0 0 86 ar ANA1 86 0 1100 HA1 Be 10 20 940 0 118 0

940 1020 NA33 86 94 0 1260 11 00 HA8 94 0 860 86 0 NA6 1260 11 80 94 0 CMA5 11 ne 78 Clinch River arm of the 0 80 1020 118 0

Watts Bar Reservoir 78 0 Li 860 NA25 80 i on 78 11 RA31 iss 0

PH8 94 m 94 0

ns 0

860 860 NA53 20 94 a

Tr 86 1100 10 0 0

780 KV RA19 1020 11 10 0 00 NA51 20 NA17 0 86 50 860 0 0 940 86 86 Melton 940 780 780 0 78 0 Hill Dam 86 0 94 780 86 NA32 10 0 860 20 78 0 86 86 86 0 86 0 0 940 860 0 860 V

U 940 0

§

¨ 860 95 860 94 0

110 40 94 0 1020 0

0 0 860 94 94 Aquatic Natural 0 Area (ANA) 86 Melton 10 1 780 86 0 0 11 0 86 1100 40 118 00 860 Hill Aquatic 9Reference Area (ARA) 940 940 940 10 20 1020 0 Reservoir 0 00 16 1020 94 78 860 11 860 1100 1 940 0 940 Cooperative Management Area (CMA) 78 78 780 118 0 KV 0 11 0 86 940 1020 00 Tr 860 1020 1180 0 110 Habitat Area (HA) 78 a 20 0 110 86 780 11 ns 10 0 0 10 94 1100 80 m 20 0 20 q

Natural Area (NA) 86 94 0 is 10 0 si 10 20

£ 1020 on Potential Habitat Area (PH) 1100 321 0 860 Li 110 20 1100 0 ne 20 00 110 1020 10 11 10 Reference Area (RA) 1020 00 1020 10 11 0 40 20 00 1100 94 Miles 11 94 Source:9 Hydrology, 94 ESRI USA Water Body 1Types; 10 Contours, USGS National Elevation Dataset 2014; 11001 0 Roads, U.S. Census 11 0 Bureau, Geography Division; 00 0 20 Terrestrial Areas, 296 Baranski102009 0 2 Esri Copyright:© 2014 Legend Transmission Line Bethel Valley Substation Wetlands Bear Creek Road CRN Site Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area Interstate 40' Contour Lines Barge/Traffic Area ORR Highway 500 kV Transmission Line Right-of-Way Rivers and Lakes Major Road Figure 2.4.1-3. ORR Designated Areas in the Vicinity of the CRN Site 2.4.1-57 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.2 Aquatic Ecology The construction and operation of two or more small modular reactors (SMRs) on the Clinch River Nuclear (CRN) Site has the potential to affect aquatic resources within the Lower Clinch River watershed. Potentially affected aquatic resources include reservoirs, ponds, and streams on and in the vicinity of the CRN Site. Wetlands and riparian habitats are discussed in conjunction with terrestrial ecology in Subsection 2.4.1. This subsection describes the ecological characteristics of the aquatic resources potentially affected by the Clinch River (CR) SMR Project.

2.4.2.1 Aquatic Habitats The CRN Site is located between approximately Clinch River mile (CRM) 14.5 and CRM 19 (Reference 2.4.2-1). The proposed location of the condenser cooling water intake is at approximately CRM 17.9, and the proposed location of the cooling water discharge is near CRM15.5. These locations are shown in Figure 2.1-3.

Tennessee Valley Authoritys (TVAs) Watts Bar Dam was built in 1942 at Tennessee River mile (TRM) 529.9 to create the Watts Bar Reservoir. This dam effectively impounded the portion of the Clinch River that flows past the CRN Site; accordingly, this reach of the Clinch River is considered part of Watts Bar Reservoir. (Reference 2.4.2-2) TVAs Melton Hill Dam, which was completed in 1963, is 5.2 miles (mi) upstream of the proposed cooling water intake structure for the CRN Site. Although Melton Hill Reservoir is a run-of-river reservoir that does not hold water long-term, this dam also affects water flow rates past the CRN Site. Releases from Fort Loudoun Dam and Watts Bar Dam downstream also can influence water velocity adjacent to the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.2-3)

The aquatic habitats with the potential to be affected by the CR SMR Project include the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, Melton Hill Reservoir, and streams and ponds on the CRN Site. Watts Bar Reservoir would be directly affected by water withdrawals and discharges.

Melton Hill Reservoir may be affected indirectly through changes in water management associated with downstream withdrawals for the CR SMR Project. Ponds and streams on or near the CRN Site may be directly affected if they are located within areas required for construction or operation of two or more SMRs. The ecological characteristics of these potentially affected water bodies are described below.

2.4.2.1.1 Clinch River Arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir TVA assesses the ecological health of its reservoirs through periodic sampling conducted historically under its Vital Signs Monitoring Program and currently under ongoing ecological health and compliance monitoring programs. The programs use multi-metric evaluation techniques to assess trends in aquatic resources and overall conditions in the reservoirs. These monitoring activities focus on:

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Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Physical and chemical characteristics of the water
  • Physical and chemical characteristics of the sediment
  • Fish community sampling
  • Benthic macroinvertebrate community sampling (Reference 2.4.2-4)

TVA monitors four locations on the Watts Bar Reservoir, usually on a 2-year (yr) cycle.

Monitoring occurred in even-numbered years beginning in 1994, with an additional monitoring event in 2009. The four monitoring locations were: the forebay area of deep water near the dam, the middle part of the reservoir, and the riverine areas at the extreme upper ends of the reservoir in the Tennessee River and the Clinch River, called the Tennessee and Clinch inflow locations. (Reference 2.4.2-5) The Clinch inflow location is at CRM 22 below Melton Hill Dam.

To obtain seasonal data specifically from the reach of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site, TVA initiated additional studies in 2011 to characterize baseline conditions of the aquatic habitats and communities in the reservoir immediately upstream and downstream of the CRN Site (Reference 2.4.2-6).

Physical and Chemical Characteristics The physical and chemical characteristics of the water body affect the aquatic habitats and ecological communities present in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site. These characteristics are discussed in more detail in Subsection 2.3.3. Water quality and sediment quality parameters were measured in 2011, 2012, and 2013 as part of the preapplication monitoring study of aquatic habitats of the Watts Bar Reservoir in the area of the CRN Site. Water quality samples were taken at CRMs 18.5, 19.7, and 22.0 (upstream), and at CRM 15.5 (downstream). The sample analyses included metals, radionuclides (gross alpha, gross beta, radium-226, and radium-228), nutrients (Kjeldahl nitrogen, nitrate plus nitrite-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, total phosphorus, and orthophosphate), total organic carbon (TOC), alkalinity, hardness, water clarity (turbidity and suspended solids), dissolved solids, and other constituents. Additionally, parameters such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO),

conductivity, and pH were measured. (Reference 2.4.2-7) Surface water sample results for the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir upstream and downstream of the CRN Site indicate that TDECs most stringent numeric water quality criteria are being met. In addition, the results of stormwater sampling indicate that site runoff would not have a significant impact on water quality. (Reference 2.4.2-7)

Water quality in the vicinity of the CRN Site is influenced by Melton Hill Dam and Norris Dam and the water quality of the inflow to Melton Hill Reservoir. Consistent with the geology of the area, water of the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir was slightly alkaline, moderately hard, and well buffered. Nutrient concentrations were relatively high for nitrogen and moderate to low for phosphorus. The low phosphorus levels could limit phytoplankton growth and abundance. Maximum water temperatures in summer, near 72 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) in June and July, were well below the State of Tennessee maximum temperature criterion of 86.9°F.

2.4.2-2 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The water column tended to be well mixed, though appreciable vertical gradients in oxygen were observed in July. DO concentrations often varied spatially about 1.0 to 1.5 milligrams per liter (mg/L). Several water quality parameters varied seasonally in response to variations in rainfall and runoff as well as processes in the reservoir related to dam operations.

Concentrations of metals in water were below maximum concentrations established by the State of Tennessee for protection of aquatic life. (Reference 2.4.2-6) As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.1.2.7, daily thermal gradients were documented to occur during summer due to surficial warming during the hottest time of the day. However, the warmer surface water was then either flushed out by daily dam releases from Melton Hill Dam, or its heat dissipated with nighttime atmospheric cooling.

Physical and chemical characteristics of the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir resulting from historical human activities in the area have affected aquatic habitats and ecological communities. The hydrological characteristics of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir near of the CRN Site were changed by the construction of Norris Dam on the Clinch River in 1936, Watts Bar Dam on the Tennessee River in 1942, and Melton Hill Dam on the Clinch River in 1963. (Reference 2.4.2-4) Dams create impoundments that can alter water quality, resulting in effects such as excessive nutrient levels, accumulation of sediment, and growth of aquatic plants. The altered flow pattern can change the physical character of the channel morphology and substrate composition. These changes affect the types of habitats present and the chemical characteristics of the water. Dams also impede the movement of aquatic organisms and reduce the likelihood of reproductive dispersal. These dam-induced mechanisms change the composition of the ecological communities present. (Reference 2.4.2-8) The Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir also has been affected by the historical release of pollutants. For example, contaminants released from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) have resulted in sediment toxicity issues between White Oak Creek (at CRM 21, upstream of the CRN Site) and Watts Bar Dam (TRM 530) that may have contributed to mussel declines in this area. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

In addition to water quality, sediment quality was assessed at three locations (CRMs 15.5, 18.5, and 22.0) during the 2011 surveys. Sediment samples were analyzed for pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and metals. Metals concentrations were below U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 4 ecological screening levels for sediment, and pesticides and PCBs were not detected in the sediment samples collected near the CRN Site.

Sediments at these locations contained lower metals concentrations than typically found in more lacustrine environments within TVA reservoirs. Substrate composition was characterized at eight downstream transects and eight upstream transects. Sand was the dominant substrate downstream, followed by cobble, silt, and gravel. Clay was the dominant substrate upstream, followed by gravel, cobble, and bedrock. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Although contaminants were not detected in sediments near the CRN Site, the Division of Water Pollution Control of the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation (TDEC) has issued fish consumption advisories for Watts Bar Reservoir due to PCBs and for Melton Hill Reservoir due to PCBs and chlordane. These fish consumption advisories were issued because 2.4.2-3 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report these contaminants were detected in sediments in other areas of these reservoirs. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Biological Communities Since 1990 TVA has systematically monitored the aquatic biological communities in its reservoirs as part of the former Vital Signs Monitoring Program and its ongoing ecological health and compliance monitoring programs. The Clinch River inflow area of Watts Bar Reservoir upstream of the CRN Site has been monitored under this program. (Reference 2.4.2-4) To obtain additional data specifically from the reach of Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site, TVA initiated additional studies in 2011 to characterize the aquatic communities occurring in the reservoir immediately upstream and downstream of the CRN Site. These 2011 studies were designed to evaluate the diversity, abundance, and condition of resident fish, benthic macroinvertebrate, and plankton communities in the vicinity of the CRN Site in order to establish baseline conditions existing prior to construction and operation of two or more SMRs. During these studies of aquatic habitat, submerged aquatic vegetation (macrophytes) was not observed at either of the study locations. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Fish Community Fish communities are used to evaluate ecological conditions because of their importance in the aquatic food web and because fish life cycles are long enough to integrate conditions over time.

Impoundments have affected the characteristics of the fish community in the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir (Reference 2.4.2-6). The cool water of Melton Hill Reservoir is released to Watts Bar Reservoir at CRM 23.1, approximately 4.1 mi upstream of the CRN Site. Although the water warms with distance below the Melton Hill Dam, its relatively cooler temperatures may limit fish species diversity and abundance downstream (Reference 2.4.2-6). To characterize the fish community currently present in the reach of Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site, TVA implemented fisheries studies there in 2011. In conjunction with the Vital Signs Monitoring Program, TVA previously developed a fisheries monitoring tool, the Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index (RFAI) (Reference 2.4.2-4). The RFAI was thoroughly tested on TVA reservoirs and other reservoirs and published in peer-reviewed literature. The RFAI was used in the 2011 aquatic habitat study to characterize the fish community in the vicinity of the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Fish Community Characterization To characterize the fish community in the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir at the CRN Site, TVA selected two fish sampling locations: one located downstream of the CRN Site between CRMs 14 and 16 (referred to as location CRM 15.0), and one located upstream of the CRN Site between CRMs 18 and 19.8 (referred to as location CRM 18.5). Sampling by electrofishing and gill netting was conducted in February, May, July, and October of 2011 to document seasonal variation in fish community composition. The fish collected were identified 2.4.2-4 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report by species, counted, and examined for anomalies such as disease, deformations, parasites, or hybridization. The resulting data were analyzed using RFAI methodology. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

The RFAI uses 12 fish community metrics from four general categories: Species Richness (numbers of species) and Composition; Trophic Composition; Abundance; and Fish Health.

Individual species can be utilized for more than one metric. Together, these 12 metrics provide a balanced evaluation of fish community integrity. (Reference 2.4.2-6) The 12 metrics, grouped by category, are summarized below:

  • Species Richness and Composition Total number of indigenous species (greater than 29 required for highest score): Greater numbers of indigenous species are considered representative of a healthier aquatic ecosystem. As conditions degrade, numbers of species in an area decline.

Number of centrarchid species (greater than four required for highest score): Sunfish species (excluding black basses) are invertivores, and a high diversity of this group is indicative of reduced siltation and suitable sediment quality in littoral areas.

Number of benthic invertivore species (greater than seven required for highest score):

Due to the special dietary requirements of this species group and the limitations of their food source in degraded environments, numbers of benthic invertivore species increase with better environmental quality.

Number of intolerant species (greater than four required for highest score): A group composed of species that are particularly intolerant of physical, chemical, and thermal habitat degradation. Higher numbers of intolerant species suggest the presence of fewer environmental stressors.

Percentage of tolerant individuals (less than 31 percent of electrofishing samples and less than 16 percent of gill net samples required for highest score): This metric signifies poorer water quality with increasing percentages of individuals tolerant of degraded conditions.

Percent dominance by one species (less than 20 percent of electrofishing samples and less than 14 percent of gill net samples required for highest score): Ecological quality is considered reduced if one species inordinately dominates the resident fish community.

Percentage of non-indigenous species (less than 3 percent of electrofishing samples and less than 5 percent of gill net samples required for highest score): This metric is based on the assumption that non-indigenous species reduce the quality of resident fish communities.

Number of top carnivore species (greater than seven required for highest score): Higher diversity of piscivores is indicative of the availability of forage species and the presence of suitable habitat.

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  • Trophic Composition Percentage of individuals as top carnivores (greater than 11 percent of electrofishing samples and greater than 52 percent of gill net samples required for highest score): This metric is a measure of the functional aspect of top carnivores that feed on lower trophic levels.

Percentage of individuals as omnivores (less than 22 percent of electrofishing samples and less than 23 percent of gill net samples required for highest score): Omnivores are less sensitive to environmental stresses due to their ability to vary their diets. As trophic links are disrupted due to degraded conditions, specialist species such as insectivores decline while opportunistic, omnivorous species increase in relative abundance.

  • Abundance Average number per run (number of individuals) (greater than 210 from electrofishing samples and greater than 24 from gill net samples required for highest score): This metric is based on the assumption that high-quality fish assemblages support large numbers of individuals.
  • Fish Health Percentage of individuals with anomalies (less than 2 percent of gill net and electrofishing samples required for highest score): Occurrences of diseases, lesions, tumors, external parasites, deformities, blindness, and natural hybridization are noted. A higher percentage of individuals exhibiting such conditions can indicate poor environmental conditions. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

The fish species collected from the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir in the 2011 study are listed in Table 2.4.2-1. The trophic level for each species is shown, indigenous species are identified, and those species designated as tolerant and intolerant also are identified. The RFAI scores for each location in each season and the associated ecological health ratings for the fish community are summarized in Table 2.4.2-2.

The overall RFAI scores resulted in an ecological health rating for the fish community of fair for each season at the downstream location. The ecological health rating for the fish community at the upstream location was fair for winter, summer, and autumn, and good for spring. These scores are similar to other assessment locations on the Clinch River downstream of Melton Hill Dam. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Overall RFAI ratings for each season for the downstream and upstream sampling locations were similar. RFAI scores during each of the four seasons differed by four points or less between the two sampling sites. RFAI scores have an intrinsic variability of plus or minus three points. This variability comes from various sources, including:

  • Annual variations in air temperature and stream flow 2.4.2-6 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Variations in pollutant loadings from nonpoint sources
  • Changes in habitat, such as extent and density of aquatic vegetation
  • Natural population cycles and movements of the species being measured In addition, nearly any practical measurement, lethal or non-lethal, of a biological community is a sample rather than a measurement of the entire population. This variability due to methods must be considered when comparing scores between sampling locations. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Both sampling locations received low scores for the metric average number per run for both electrofishing and gill net samples each season. Cool water temperatures from Norris Dam releases upstream may limit overall productivity, thus reducing abundance of some species in this portion of the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir. Although catch rates were low, species diversity was relatively high at both locations. Averages of 33 (28 indigenous) and 36 species (31 indigenous) were collected at the downstream and upstream locations, respectively.

Distinct differences in trophic guild composition of the fish community were evident between locations during each season. The upstream location contained higher proportions of omnivores and fewer proportions of insectivores than the downstream location in each season. Proportions of top carnivores were higher at the upstream location during spring but were similar at the two locations during other seasons. The downstream location had a much higher proportion of benthic invertivores during autumn. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Thermally sensitive species were defined as those having an upper lethal limit of water temperatures greater than or equal to 90°F. Thermally sensitive species collected in the 2011 sampling are identified in Table 2.4.2-1. On average, two thermally sensitive species were present during all four seasons at both sampling locations. All fish species collected were considered Representative Important Species because they were used to obtain an overall RFAI score. Representative Important Species are defined by the EPA as those species that are representative in terms of their biological requirements of a balanced, indigenous community of fish, shellfish, and wildlife in the body of water into which a discharge is released.

(Reference 2.4.2-6)

Fish Eggs and Larvae Also in 2011, TVA investigated fish eggs and larvae in Watts Bar Reservoir at the CRN Site to assess the temporal occurrence, abundance, and species composition of ichthyoplankton in that part of the reservoir. Samples were collected adjacent to the CRN Site at an upstream location at CRM 18 and a downstream location at CRM 15.5. Eight samples were collected from each location at the following frequencies: once in February 2011, weekly from March through August 2011, and once a month from September 2011 through January 2012. (Reference 2.4.2-3) The sampling frequency was selected to capture seasonal spawning activity of fishes. Thus, sampling was performed weekly during March through August when the majority of spawning occurs and monthly from September through February when little to no spawning occurs. Each sampling event included the collection of eight samples (four day and four night) along a 2.4.2-7 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report transect at each location. The four day and four night samples were collected along the transects at mid-channel full stratum, mid-channel bottom only, right descending bank, and left descending bank. The species abundance data also were used with sample volume data to calculate species-specific densities of fish eggs and larvae in the water column. (Reference 2.4.2-3)

The total numbers of fish eggs and larvae collected at the upstream and downstream locations and the percentage composition of the samples represented by each taxon are summarized in Table 2.4.2-3. The taxa identified in the samples are organized in the table by family. The families represented in the egg and larvae samples and the principal species identified from each family include the following (Percidae and Polyodontidae constitute less than 1 percent of the total eggs or larvae collected):

  • Catostomidae (buffalofishes, carpsuckers, redhorses)
  • Centrarchidae (crappie, sunfishes)
  • Clupeidae (gizzard shad, threadfin shad, unidentifiable clupeids, skipjack herring)
  • Cyprinidae (common carp, minnows of genus Pimephales)
  • Moronidae (temperate basses)
  • Polyodontidae (paddlefish)
  • Sciaenidae (freshwater drum) (Reference 2.4.2-3)

A total of 7814 fish eggs were collected at both locations. The families represented, in order of frequency, were:

  • Sciaenid (freshwater drum) eggs (53.6 percent)
  • Clupeid eggs (23.4 percent)
  • Moronid eggs (14.3 percent)
  • Unidentifiable eggs (8.7 percent)
  • Percid eggs (less than 1 percent) (Reference 2.4.2-3)

A total of 3949 larval fish were collected, representing nine families. Larvae were more abundant downstream than upstream, mainly due to a high number of catostomid larvae downstream. The dominant larval taxon at both transects was the clupeids (67.4 percent). The other taxa contributing at least 1 percent of the total composition were:

  • Catostomids (11.7 percent) 2.4.2-8 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Moronids (10.2 percent)
  • Centrarchids (5.6 percent)
  • Atherinopsids (1.8 percent)
  • Sciaenids/freshwater drum (1.3 percent)
  • Cyprinids (1.3 percent) (Reference 2.4.2-3)

A single larval paddlefish was collected at the upstream location (CRM 18) during the survey.

The paddlefish is highly valued for its eggs, and the paddlefish fishery throughout the Tennessee Valley has been of special concern and is closely monitored and regulated. This larva is significant in that it indicates that at least some minimal spawning is occurring in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir in the tailwater below Melton Hill Dam. (Reference 2.4.2-3)

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community TVA assessed benthic macroinvertebrate communities of its reservoirs using the Reservoir Benthic Index (RBI) methodology. RBI is a metric used to assess relative conditions at selected locations within TVA reservoirs across the reservoir system. This index does not provide an absolute measure of aquatic community health as compared to an unimpounded river.

Therefore, an RBI score of "excellent" does not necessarily equate to an excellent benthic community, rather it indicates an excellent condition of the benthic community as compared to other, similar, reservoir-influenced sites within the TVA reservoir system. Because benthic macroinvertebrates are relatively immobile, negative effects on aquatic ecosystems can be detected earlier in benthic macroinvertebrate communities than in fish communities.

Accordingly, RBI data are used to supplement RFAI results to provide a more thorough characterization of aquatic communities. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

The RBI methodology was used in the 2011 aquatic habitat assessment of the CRN Site.

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were sampled along transects with a Peterson or Ponar dredge downstream (CRM 15.0) and upstream (CRM 18.8) of the CRN Site during spring, summer, and autumn of 2011. RBI metrics were scored using evaluation criteria for lab-processed samples collected in the inflow reservoir zone. In addition to dredge sampling, during the autumn sampling event, shoreline benthic samples were collected with a kick-net and from rocks along the shoreline at both sites to obtain additional species richness and density data. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Benthic community results were evaluated using seven metrics for assessing community characteristics. Results for each metric were assigned a rating of 1 (poor), 3 (good), or 5 (excellent), depending on how they scored based on reference conditions developed for Tennessee River reservoir inflow sample sites. The ratings for the seven metrics were then summed to produce a benthic score for each sample site. Potential benthic scores ranged from 2.4.2-9 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 7 to 35. Ecological health ratings were then assigned based on the scores using the following scale:

  • 7 to 12 = Very Poor
  • 13 to 18 = Poor
  • 19 to 23 = Fair
  • 24 to 29 = Good
  • 30 to 35 = Excellent The individual metric ratings and overall RBI scores for the downstream and upstream locations based on the 2011 dredge samples are summarized in Table 2.4.2-4. (Reference 2.4.2-6) The individual metrics are summarized below:
  • Average number of taxa (greater than 8.3 required for highest score): This metric is calculated by averaging the total number of taxa present in each sample at a site. Higher numbers of taxa (taxa richness) usually indicate better conditions than lower numbers of taxa. (Reference 2.4.2-6)
  • Proportion of samples with long-lived organisms (greater than 0.8 required for highest score): This is a presence/absence metric that is assigned based on the proportion of samples collected at a given location containing at least one long-lived organism (e.g.,

Corbicula greater than 10 millimeters (mm), Hexagenia greater than 10 mm, mussels, snails). The presence of long-lived organisms is indicative of conditions that allow long-term survival. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

  • Average number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) Taxa (greater than 1.9 required for highest score): This metric is calculated by averaging the number of EPT taxa present in each sample at a site. Higher diversity (i.e., a higher average number) of EPT taxa indicates good water quality and better habitat conditions. (Reference 2.4.2-6)
  • Percentage as oligochaetes (less than 12.0 percent required for highest score): This metric is calculated by averaging the percentage of oligochaetes in each sample at a site.

Oligochaetes are considered tolerant organisms, so a higher percentage indicates poor water quality. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

  • Percentage as dominant taxa (less than 73.1 percent required for highest score): This metric is calculated by selecting the two most abundant taxa in a sample, summing the number of individuals in those two taxa, dividing that sum by the total number of individuals in the sample, and multiplying that number by 100 to obtain a percentage. The percentages for each of the 10 samples collected from each location are then averaged. Often, the most abundant taxa differ among the 10 samples at a site. This method for calculating the percentage allows more discretion to identify imbalances at a site than developing an average for a single dominant taxon for all samples at a location. This metric is used as an 2.4.2-10 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report evenness indicator. Dominance of one or two taxa indicates poor conditions. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

  • Average density excluding chironomids and oligochaetes (density greater than 609.9 required for highest score): This metric is calculated using a two step process. First, the number of organisms in each sample excluding chironomids and oligochaetes is summed to obtain the density without chironomids and oligochaetes. Then an average of these densities for the 10 samples at a site is calculated. This metric examines the community by excluding taxa that often dominate under adverse conditions. A higher abundance of non-chironomids and non-oligochaetes indicates good water quality conditions. (Reference 2.4.2-6)
  • Proportion of samples containing no organisms (no empty samples required for highest score): This metric is the proportion of samples at a site that have no organisms present.

Empty samples, or zero samples, indicate living conditions unsuitable to support aquatic life (e.g., due to toxicity or unsuitable substrate). (Reference 2.4.2-6)

The shorelines also were sampled for benthic invertebrates in autumn of 2011. Invertebrate samples were collected from submerged rocks at the upstream location. However, there was not sufficient rock substrate present at the downstream location to collect a sample. Therefore, a kick net was used to collect the sample from the downstream location. The differences in sampling techniques and habitat sampled limit direct comparisons of the results from these two locations. At the downstream location, chironomids and oligochaetes were the dominant taxa. At the upstream location, zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha), dipterans, hydrobiid snails, and oligochaetes were dominant. Mean densities (organisms/ square meter [m2]) were about 2 to 3 times higher at the upstream location than at the downstream location, but taxa richness values were similar downstream and upstream. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Overall, the RBI scores calculated for samples collected from both the upstream and downstream locations during spring, summer, and autumn of 2011 were high. The ecological health rating for the downstream location was good in spring and autumn and excellent in summer. The ecological health rating for the upstream location was good in spring and excellent in summer and autumn. The downstream location received the lowest score (1) in only two metrics, the average number of EPT taxa in spring and the average percentage of oligochaetes in autumn. The upstream location received a score of 1 only in the average number of EPT taxa metric in spring. All other metrics were 3 or 5. Taxa richness was higher in samples from the upstream location than in samples from the downstream location during each of the seasons. Mean densities were higher in autumn than in spring or summer at both locations, due to high densities of zebra mussels. The most abundant species collected at either location in spring and summer was the snail Amnicola limosa. The Chironomidae family was particularly diverse, with more than 55 distinct species, and was the second most abundant taxon collected at either location during each of the seasons. In the shoreline samples, taxa richness was similar at the upstream and downstream locations. Very few taxa were present in shoreline samples that were not encountered in dredge samples. Overall, these data depict an 2.4.2-11 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ecologically healthy benthic macroinvertebrate community in the reservoir both upstream and downstream of the CRN Site. The presence of high densities of zebra mussels upstream and downstream of the CRN Site is of concern because it indicates a potential for biofouling issues.

(Reference 2.4.2-6)

In addition to its 2011 RBI assessment of the benthic macroinvertebrate community and the aquatic habitat assessment at the CRN Site, TVA also conducted an evaluation in 2011 that focused on the freshwater mollusk community of the reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site. Both qualitative and semi-quantitative sampling methods were used to characterize the composition, density, and distribution of species within the mollusk community between CRM 15.0 and CRM 19.0. Bank-to-bank survey transects were spaced approximately 300 meters (m) apart and additional transects were placed about 50 m upstream and downstream of the anticipated locations of the discharge and intake structures near CRM 16.0 and CRM 17.9, respectively.

Thus, a total of 25 transects were sampled using semi-quantitative methods. In addition, qualitative sampling consisted of 1-hour (hr) timed searches at each of five sites: the discharge site, the intake site, and three sites in areas with the most suitable mollusk habitat, as determined based on data from the semi-quantitative sampling. The report documenting the details of the mollusk survey methods and results is provided in Appendix B of the TVA Technical Report: Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats and Protected Aquatic Animals. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

The survey collected 74 live mussels from the following six species:

  • Pimpleback (Quadrula pustulosa) (71.6 percent of the mussels collected)
  • Fragile papershell (Leptodea fragilis) (17.6 percent of the mussels collected)
  • Purple wartyback (Cyclonaias tuberculata) (less than 5 percent of the mussels collected)
  • Pink heelsplitter (Potamilus alatus) (less than 5 percent of the mussels collected)
  • Giant floater (Pyganodon grandis) (less than 5 percent of the mussels collected)
  • Elephant ear (Elliptio crassidens) (less than 5 percent of the mussels collected) (Reference 2.4.2-4)

None of these species are federally listed as threatened or endangered. However, relic (nonliving) specimens of four mussel species federally listed as endangered were collected:

  • Dromedary pearlymussel (Dromus dromas)
  • Fanshell (Cyprogenia stegaria)
  • Rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica)
  • Spectaclecase (Cumberlandia monodonta)(Reference 2.4.2-4) 2.4.2-12 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report The presence of these relic specimens indicates that these species once resided in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir near the CRN Site. Other relic mussel shells also were collected, including those of the following species:

  • Black sandshell (Ligumia recta)
  • Butterfly (Ellipsaria lineolata)
  • Fluted kidneyshell (Ptychobranchus fasciolaris)
  • Longsolid (Fusconaia subrotunda)
  • Mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina)
  • Ohio pigtoe (Pleurobema cordatum)
  • Pocketbook (Lampsilis ovata)
  • Pyramid pigtoe (Pleurobema rubrum)
  • Round hickorynut (Obovaria subrotunda) (Reference 2.4.2-4)

The only snail species collected was the silty hornsnail (Pleurocera canaliculata), which is common within the Tennessee River basin (Reference 2.4.2-4).

Mean mussel density (semi-quantitative sampling) was 0.02 mussels/m2 and the mean catch rate (qualitative sampling) was 4.2 mussels per hour. The mussels did not appear to be distributed in a particular pattern, but they were most abundant upstream at transects 2 and 3 near CRM 19 and downstream around transect 21 at CRM 16. Substrates where mussels were encountered during the survey contained mixtures of cobble, gravel, and sand, but in numerous areas with this substrate type mussels were less abundant or absent. Unsuitable substrates included bedrock and heavily silted areas, which were located along the banks of the river.

(Reference 2.4.2-4)

The survey concluded that the mussel community at the CRN Site is in poor condition.

Evaluation of the 2011 mollusk and habitat survey in conjunction with historical surveys near the CRN Site indicated that habitat conditions to support mussels are generally inadequate, despite improvements in reservoir releases from Melton Hill Dam and Watts Bar Dam that began in 1991. In previous studies in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir in the vicinity of the CRN Site, 16 mussel species were found in 1918, 10 species were found in 1982, 15 species were found in 1991, and six species were found in 1994. Comparing the 2011 mussel survey results to the 1982 survey results and accounting for sampling effort, the decline in numbers was estimated to be approximately 60 percent. In addition, no evidence of recent mussel reproduction was found in the 2011 survey, because no juvenile mussels were found and individuals 15 yr old or older were common. (Reference 2.4.2-4) 2.4.2-13 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Plankton Community The plankton component of the aquatic ecosystem is made up of drifting organisms, including algae (phytoplankton), protists, metazoans and larvae (zooplankton), and bacteria and archaea (bacterioplankton). These organisms form the bottom of the trophic food chain upon which the other levels depend. (Reference 2.4.2-9) During 2011, TVA surveyed both phytoplankton and zooplankton while characterizing the aquatic communities at the CRN Site. Plankton samples were collected at the same time as the water chemistry samples, monthly from March through December 2011. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Phytoplankton For each sample, chlorophyll a concentrations were determined and a fraction of the algal community was identified and counted until the standard error for mean abundance was less than 10 percent. Basic statistics were calculated, including cell densities, biovolume, and mean abundance. Chlorophyll a concentrations were low in all samples, ranging from less than 1.0 to 5.0 micrograms per liter (µg/L). In approximately 40 percent of the samples, concentrations were undetectable, and only two samples contained greater than 2 µg/L. These low concentrations indicate that phytoplankton growth was very limited at the CRN Site. Turbulence causing light limitation was the most likely factor influencing growth. Occasional higher concentrations upstream were attributed to releases from the Melton Hill Reservoir, which is less turbulent. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

A total of 81 phytoplankton taxa were collected during the 2011 survey. The taxa collected were:

  • Chlorophytes (32 taxa)
  • Bacillariophytes (17 taxa)
  • Cyanophytes (16 taxa)
  • Chrysophytes (eight taxa)
  • Euglenophytes (three taxa)
  • Pyrrophytes (three taxa)
  • Cryptophytes (two taxa)

The phytoplankton was numerically dominated by cyanophytes, which represented 90 to 99 percent of the samples at all locations and sampling times. The other algal groups consistently represented less than 2 percent of the assemblage each. Chrysophytes and cryptophytes represented approximately 1 percent of the assemblage, and euglenophytes and pyrrophytes were below 1 percent. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Phytoplankton population size estimates ranged from 3600 to 52,000 cells per milliliter (cells/mL). Variability among locations and dates was accounted for by the abundance of 2.4.2-14 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report cyanophytes due to their overall dominance. Other algal groups showed the same trend.

Highest abundances were present at CRM 22, followed by CRM 15.5; lowest abundances were present at CRM 18.5. Higher abundance upstream may be due to releases from Melton Hill Reservoir. Abundance trended downward generally in the autumn, due to factors including seasonal declines in water temperature, light levels, and nutrients. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Phytoplankton biovolume varied from 23,000 to 920,000 cubic micrometers per milliliter (m³/mL), with a maximum in spring. The sample with maximum biovolume contained the diatom Melosira, which represented 60 percent of the total. This species is usually found in reservoirs rather than in flowing waters. Diatoms dominated biovolume in most months.

Although the cyanophytes dominated numerical abundance, they contributed an average of only approximately 7 percent of the total biovolume due to their small individual size. Euglenophytes and pyrrophytes often include large-celled phytoplankton. Therefore, a few individuals can contribute considerable biovolume. The pyrrophytes Glenodinium, Gymnodinium, and Peridinium contributed up to 65 percent of total biovolume when present. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Phytoplankton populations in the area of the CRN Site were characterized by low abundance and appeared to result mainly from phytoplankton populations generated within Melton Hill Reservoir and transported downstream. Based on chlorophyll results, phytoplankton productivity in the sampled reach was very limited. Phytoplankton populations were essentially in a senescent phase. Productivity was likely light-limited due to turbulence within the water column.

(Reference 2.4.2-6)

Similar temporal patterns in the structure of the phytoplankton communities were evident among the sampling locations, though many phytoplankton taxa occurred at various times and locations. Quantitative characteristics (total and group cell densities) often varied substantially.

Overall, cyanophytes were dominant numerically throughout the 10-month study period, and bacillariophytes (diatoms) were typically dominant in terms of biovolume. Although no definitive spatial trends were evident, there was a general pattern of higher population densities at the most upstream site from March through August. These higher densities likely are related to entrainment of phytoplankton in releases from Melton Hill Dam and the proximity of the most upstream location to the dam. This pattern was not evident after August, when phytoplankton densities were substantially lower at all sampling locations due to increased flow and the interrelated effects of seasonal changes. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Zooplankton Eighteen zooplankton taxa were collected during the 2011 survey. The most diverse group was the cladocerans (eight taxa), followed by the rotifers (seven taxa) and copepods (three taxa).

More copepod taxa may have been collected, but identification past the level of order was not possible. The three taxa identified were Diaptomus sp., Tropocyclops prasinus and Cyclops sp.

Overall taxa richness varied between four and eight taxa. Individual samples consisted of one to seven taxa. Only seven of the taxa were collected in all three sites in one sample period. Seven taxa were represented in only one sample. Bosmina longirostrus was the most common 2.4.2-15 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report species, present in 63 percent of the samples. Other common taxa were Daphnia lumholtzi and Asplanchna brightwellii. Cyclopoid copepods were present in 70 percent of the samples.

Calanoid copepods were in 43 percent of the samples. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Zooplankton abundance was generally low, although variable, ranging from 34 to 12,790 individuals. Seasonally, densities rose through spring, peaked in July, then declined through December. Copepods were numerically dominant in April at all locations. Rotifers, including Asplanchna brightwellii and Conochilus unicornis, were dominant in May. Zooplankton density in May was highest at the farthest upstream location (CRM 22). All populations reached their highest levels in June. During this peak, the cladocerans were the dominant taxonomic group.

Common species included Daphnia lumholtzi, Daphnia pulicaria, Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum, Bosmina longirostris, and Chydorus sphaericus. Daphnia lumholtzi was the only taxon collected from the CRM 18.5 sampling location in June. Populations were low in abundance from August to December, generally with less than 500 organisms per cubic meter.

The lowest densities occurred in October and November, when samples contained high numbers of rotifers in the family Notommatidae. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Biomass of the zooplankton community ranged from 1 to 42,300 micrograms dry weight per cubic meter. Most samples were characterized as low or sparse in biomass, with exceptions during peak densities in June and July. The clodocerans were the largest organisms and contributed the most to biomass estimates, followed by the copepods and rotifers. Biomass was highest in mid-summer and lowest in late autumn. The relative biomass of individual taxa was highly variable, in part due to succession within the assemblage, but also because of low abundance and diversity overall. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Zooplankton assemblages in the vicinity of the CRN Site were characterized by low abundance and diversity throughout the 10-month sampling period. High turbulence and advection within the sampling reach likely limited zooplankton populations and affected their distribution.

Zooplankton assemblages often showed a notable degree of spatial heterogeneity in terms of both species composition and total abundance, but no systematic differences were evident.

Conversely, similar temporal patterns were evident among sites due to seasonal succession within the zooplankton communities and the proximity of the locations sampled. At each sampling location, copepods were the dominant taxonomic group in early spring (March and April). Rotifers were the dominant taxonomic group in May. Peak zooplankton abundance and biomass occurred during June and/or July and were dominated by Cladocera. These peaks were associated with warmer water temperatures and generally low flow. Abundance and biomass were extremely sparse throughout the remainder of the year, with no ecologically significant differences evident among sites. (Reference 2.4.2-6) 2.4.2.1.2 Melton Hill Reservoir Melton Hill Dam is operated primarily for the purposes of navigation and hydroelectricity generation. As discussed in Subsection 2.3.1.1.2.4, the main source of water for the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir at the CRN Site is the release from Melton Hill Dam.

2.4.2-16 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Releases from Melton Hill Dam range from no discharge to the maximum turbine capacity of about 21,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) to 23,000 cfs. Intervals of 12 to 22 hr with no releases are common. For the period 2004 through 2013, the overall average release was approximately 4670 cfs. Approximately 80 percent of the total annual inflow to Melton Hill Reservoir is discharged from Norris Dam. Because the water is discharged from deep within Norris Reservoir, water temperatures in the lower half of the water column of the Melton Hill forebay often remain cold (54 to 66°F) from early spring until late autumn. (Reference 2.4.2-6) Melton Hill Reservoir exhibits a temperature gradient from north to south, which is influenced by the coal-fired Bull Run Fossil Plant that discharges warm water at approximately CRM 77. In January of 2000, surface water temperatures in Melton Hill Reservoir were 46.4°F at CRM 65, 68°F at CRM 77, 55.4°F at CRM 44, and 46.4°F at CRM 32. (Reference 2.4.2-10)

TVA monitors the ecological health of Melton Hill Reservoir at three locations: the forebay near the dam, the mid-reservoir, and the inflow at the upper end of the reservoir. TVA assesses the ecological health of the reservoir using measurements of DO, chlorophyll, fish and benthic macroinvertebrate communities, and sediment quality. Monitoring usually is performed on a 2-yr cycle, and the most recent ecological health ratings for Melton Hill Reservoir are based on monitoring in 2012. (Reference 2.4.2-11)

Physical and Chemical Characteristics Based on ecological health monitoring data for DO, the mid-reservoir has been rated good during every year of monitoring. DO typically also has been rated good in the forebay, except that it was rated fair in the forebay in 2000, 2001, and 2008 and poor in 2012 due to extended periods with low-flow conditions. (Reference 2.4.2-11) TVA valley-wide monitoring data from 2011 collected from the forebay (CRM 24.0) above Melton Hill Dam and the tailrace (CRM 23.1) below the dam indicated that DO in the forebay ranged from a depth-averaged concentration of 6.2 mg/L in June to 11.2 mg/L in March. DO concentrations in the tailrace ranged from 6.5 mg/L in June to 9.7 mg/L in May. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

In 2012 sediments at the forebay location were rated fair due to slightly elevated levels of arsenic. The mid-reservoir location was rated good because no PCBs or pesticides were detected and no metals concentrations were elevated in the sediment samples in 2012.

However, chlordane, PCBs, arsenic, and copper have been detected at elevated levels in sediment samples in some previous years. (Reference 2.4.2-11) Sediments collected in Melton Hill Reservoir in 2011 contained PCBs (Aroclor 1242). TDEC has issued fish consumption advisories for the reservoir due to PCBs and chlordane. (Reference 2.4.2-6)

Biological Communities TVAs reservoir monitoring program measures ecological health based on three biological indicators: chlorophyll, fish, and bottom life. Chlorophyll concentrations in Melton Hill Reservoir historically have been measured at the forebay and mid-reservoir locations. Ratings for 2012 were fair at the forebay and good at the mid-reservoir locations. Since 1998, chlorophyll 2.4.2-17 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report ratings at the forebay location have fluctuated between fair and poor. Ratings at mid-reservoir have varied through time with no clear trend. Reservoir flows play a role in the yearly fluctuations because lower flows allow more time for the algal community to expand. (Reference 2.4.2-11) In 2011, chlorophyll a concentrations at the forebay location ranged from 6 to 19 g/L and averaged 11.8 g/L (Reference 2.4.2-6).

The fish assemblage in 2012 was rated good at the forebay, fair at mid-reservoir, and poor at the inflow location. This was consistent with previous ratings, which reflected a fish assemblage at each location characterized by a lower abundance of fish and higher proportions of tolerant species than would be expected. In 2012, as in most previous years, higher diversity at the forebay and mid-reservoir resulted in higher ratings at those locations (Reference 2.4.2-11)

The benthic community was rated fair at the forebay and mid-reservoir and poor at the inflow in 2012. Most of the organisms collected were considered tolerant of poor conditions.

Historically, ratings were fair to poor at the forebay and poor at the inflow. Ratings have recently improved due to an increase in less tolerant species. (Reference 2.4.2-11) 2.4.2.1.3 Streams and Ponds on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area During several visits to the CRN Site and adjacent Grassy Creek Habitat Protection Area (HPA) in April and May 2011, October 2013, and October 2014, TVA mapped the locations of waterbodies within the survey area using a global positioning system (GPS). Also in 2014, TVA performed a survey of waterbodies in the Barge/Traffic Area between the CRN Site entrance and Tennessee State Highway (TN) 58. Surveys were conducted on the portions of the Barge/Traffic Area (101-ac) with the highest potential for disturbance that had not been previously surveyed. All streams documented in the surveyed areas, with the exception of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir and associated backwaters, are first-order, unnamed tributaries of the reservoir. (Reference 2.4.2-4) Perennial streams have a well-defined channel, flowing water throughout the year under normal weather conditions, and support aquatic organisms. Intermittent streams have a well-defined channel, flowing water during wet seasons but not the entire year, and support aquatic organisms during periods when water is present. Intermittent streams flow in response to major rainfall events or as long as ground water is abundant. (Reference 2.4.2-12) The streams were determined to be perennial or intermittent based on the geomorphology of the channel, hydrologic characteristics, and the presence of visually observable aquatic fauna. Ephemeral streams/wet-weather conveyances (WWCs) flow diffusely over depressions, usually not in a well-defined channel, and only for short periods in response to major rainfall events. Flow in WWCs is not driven by ground water sources, and aquatic organisms are not present. (Reference 2.4.2-12)

Other than the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir and associated backwaters, TVA identified four perennial streams on the CRN Site and two perennial streams in the Barge/Traffic Area. One additional stream identified on the CRN Site and four additional streams in the Barge/Traffic Area were determined to be intermittent. Six ponds were identified on the CRN 2.4.2-18 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Site, all of which were determined to be man-made and four of which were originally created as stormwater retention ponds. Two ponds were identified in the Barge/Traffic Area. Descriptions of these streams and ponds are included in Table 2.4.2-5, and their locations are shown in Figure 2.4.1-2. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

Table 2.4.2-5 also includes the streamside management zone (SMZ) categories determined for the onsite streams and ponds. An SMZ consists of a stream and an adjacent management area of variable width where management practices are modified to protect water quality. They are intended to filter sediment and nutrients from overland runoff, allow water to soak into the ground, protect stream banks and lakeshores, provide shade for streams and improve the aesthetics of forestry operations. Perennial streams and intermittent streams with a well-defined channel and water flow 40 to 90 percent of the time require SMZs. The SMZs should be at least 50 feet (ft) wide, with increasing width depending on the percent slope of the adjacent land. WWCs do not require SMZs but would be protected by established Best Management Practices (BMPs) to the extent practical. (Reference 2.4.2-12) Based on the SMZ categories determined for the streams and ponds on the CRN Site, all but one are Category A and require a 50-ft SMZ, and one stream is Category B and requires a 100-ft SMZ. Stream S06 was designated as Category B to provide more protection to the spring from which it originates.

(Reference 2.4.2-4).

In addition to the perennial and intermittent streams on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area, the TVA survey identified the WWCs shown in Figure 2.4.1-2 (Reference 2.4.2-4). The WWCs on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area are listed in Table 2.4.2-5 and each is identified as natural or constructed.

A Hydrologic Determination Field Data Sheet, which is a form developed by the Tennessee Division of Water Pollution Control, was completed for each watercourse. The data sheets, which include scores for and descriptions of the onsite water bodies evaluated, are provided in Appendix A of the TVA report Clinch River Small Modular Reactor and Barge/Traffic Site - Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats and Protected Aquatic Animals Technical Report.

(Reference 2.4.2-4)

In March 2015, biological surveys were conducted on seven of the streams previously delineated on the CRN Site and the Barge/Traffic Area that were considered to have the greatest potential to support aquatic communities. Four of those streams are perennial and three are intermittent. An additional perennial stream located north of the CRN Site, Grassy Creek, also was sampled due to its proximity and habitat likely to support fish and crayfish. The streams were sampled using timed searches with a backpack electrofishing unit and a seine. All available habitat types were sampled in each stream (e.g., pool, riffle, run). On the CRN Site, the three streams sampled were perennial streams S01, S05, and S06 (Figure 2.4.1-2). The entire length of stream S01 (approximately 925 ft) was sampled, and no fish were collected. A few crayfish were observed but were too small for identification. In stream S05, one fish (a banded sculpin) and one crayfish were collected. No fish or crayfish were collected in stream S06. In the Barge/Traffic Area, one crayfish was identified in intermittent stream S09, and no 2.4.2-19 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report fish or crayfish were collected in the other three streams sampled (S07, S08, and S12) (Figure 2.4.1-2). Thus, only one fish was collected or observed in any of the streams on the CRN Site or the Barge/Traffic Area, and stable habitat supportive of a viable fish community was not observed in these streams. In Grassy Creek, 70 individuals of nine fish species were collected.

Of the aquatic species documented in any of the streams sampled, none were federally or state-listed. (Reference 2.4.2-13) 2.4.2.1.4 Aquatic Habitats in Offsite Transmission Line ROWs In addition to Watts Bar Reservoir and the streams and ponds on the CRN Site and Barge/Traffic Area, potentially affected aquatic habitats also could include offsite streams that intersect the 500-kV transmission line right-of-way (ROW) east of the CRN Site. Installation of a 69-kV underground transmission line is planned within the 5-mi segment of the existing ROW that extends east from the CRN Site to the Bethel Valley substation. Installation of the proposed underground transmission line potentially could affect aquatic organisms within streams crossed by the 69-kV line.

Three streams that cross the ROW are designated as aquatically sensitive areas (Figure 2.4.1-3). Ish Creek is an aquatic natural area that crosses the ROW approximately 0.5 mi from the CRN Site. Northwest Tributary is an aquatic reference area consisting of three small streams, two of which cross the ROW approximately 2 to 2.5 mi from the CRN Site. There are no recorded occurrences of federally or state-listed aquatic species within this ROW. The Tennessee dace, a fish designated by the state as in need of management, has been recorded in Ish Creek approximately 0.25 mi downstream of this ROW. Up to three additional streams also would be crossed: Streams S03 and/or S06 on the CRN Site near the northeastern boundary (Figure 2.4.1-2), and a small stream that crosses the ROW slightly southwest of the Bethel Valley substation.

As discussed in Subsections 2.2.3, 2.4.1.6, and 3.7.3.8, the transmission system structures within ROWs outside the CRN Site (other than the 69-kV underground line) would require modification by uprating, reconductoring, or rebuilding activities, but additional ROWs would not be developed. The lines that include segments or structures that may need to be modified are overlaid on a map of regional land cover types in Figure 2.2-7. Based on TVAs Natural Heritage database, the aquatic resources that potentially occur within the ROWs of the lines that may be modified are identified in Table 2.4.1-7. These resources include designated critical habitats for two endangered mussel species (one line segment to be uprated crosses over a riverine habitat unit for each species). Aquatic habitats within these existing ROWs would not be affected by these activities because of the limited potential for impacts associated with the types of activities to be performed and the use of BMPs to prevent or minimize erosion and sedimentation.

2.4.2-20 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report 2.4.2.2 Important Aquatic Habitats U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) guidance (NUREG 1555, Standard Review Plans for Environmental Reviews for Nuclear Power Plants: Environmental Standard Review Plan) identifies important aquatic habitats as follows:

  • Wildlife sanctuaries, refuges, and preserves
  • Habitats identified by the State Natural Heritage Program, the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), or the National Marine Fisheries Service as unique, rare, or of priority for protection
  • Wetlands, floodplains, or other resources protected by federal regulations or executive orders or by state regulations
  • Critical habitats designated by the USFWS to protect listed species Wetlands are discussed in Subsection 2.4.1, Terrestrial Ecology, and floodplains are discussed in Section 2.3, Water.

A 2015 report by TVA assessed natural areas on, adjacent to, and within 3 mi of the CRN Site.

These areas are described in Subsection 2.4.1.3 and shown in Figure 2.4.1-3. Those that encompass notable aquatic habitats near the CRN Site include the Grassy Creek HPA, the eight aquatic natural areas and seven aquatic reference areas within the Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR), and the New Zion Unit Proposed State Natural Area (SNA). The Grassy Creek HPA adjoins the north end of the CRN Site and includes 265 acres (ac) intended to provide a buffer for sensitive habitat surrounding Grassy Creek and the Grassy Creek embayment of Watts Bar Reservoir. Within the ORR, the Ish Creek aquatic natural area (ANA1 on Figure 2.4.1-3) is located east of the CRN Site and within approximately 0.25 mi of the Site Boundary at its closest point. The New Zion Unit Proposed SNA is immediately east of the CRN Site and includes wetlands and the Raccoon Creek embayment of Watts Bar Reservoir.

(Reference 2.4.2-14; Reference 2.4.2-15) 2.4.2.3 Important Aquatic Species According to NUREG-1555, important species may include:

  • Rare species, including:

Species federally listed as threatened or endangered Species that are proposed for federal listing Species that are candidates for federal listing Species that are state-listed as threatened, endangered, or a species of concern

  • Commercially or recreationally valuable species 2.4.2-21 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Species that are essential to the maintenance and survival of rare or commercially or recreationally valuable species
  • Species that are critical to the structure and function of the local ecosystem
  • Species that may serve as biological indicators to monitor the effects of the proposed facility on the environment
  • Nuisance species that could cause problems for facility operations Aquatic species that are important with regard to the CRN Site are discussed below. In conjunction with agency coordination regarding listed species, TVA sent letters to the USFWS and TDEC in September 2016 requesting their concurrence with the listed species identified as important species for the site. These letters are included in Appendix A. Information provided in the consultation responses from USFWS and TDEC will be incorporated when received, and the responses will be included in Appendix A.

2.4.2.3.1 Federally Listed Species Species with federal listing status (currently listed, proposed for listing, or candidates for listing) and recorded occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee are identified in Table 2.4.2-6. There are 13 aquatic, federally-listed, threatened or endangered species and one candidate species with documented occurrences in Roane County, Tennessee. These include 12 freshwater mussels that are listed as endangered, one fish that is listed as threatened, and an aquatic cave salamander that is a candidate for listing. Eight of these federally endangered mussel species have Natural Heritage element occurrence rankings of historical (last recorded occurrence in the county greater than 25 yr old) or considered extirpated (no longer occurs in this portion of its former range). The species with only historical records of occurrence are:

  • Spectaclecase
  • Fanshell
  • Fine-rayed pigtoe
  • Ring pink
  • Orangefoot pimpleback
  • Purple bean (Reference 2.4.2-4)

The turgid blossom pearlymussel is considered extirpated. Because these eight historical or extirpated species have not been detected in many decades, including the 2011 mollusk survey at the CRN Site, and habitat conditions in this area appear to remain unsuitable for mollusks, TVA has determined that these species either do not occur or occur at extremely low (undetectable) levels near the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.2-4) Accordingly, these eight mussels 2.4.2-22 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report are not considered to have the potential to be affected by the CR SMR Project and are not addressed further.

The federally listed aquatic species potentially occurring in Roane County and ranked as extant (recorded occurrence less than or equal to 25 yr old) in the region are discussed below.

Although these species historically have occurred or potentially could occur in the vicinity of the CRN Site, recent surveys, including a survey performed by TVA in 2011, did not detect any aquatic federally listed species in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

Pink mucket (Lampsilis abrupta)

The pink mucket mussel was historically found in 25 river systems in the Tennessee, Cumberland, and Ohio River drainages, including the Clinch River. A recovery plan was prepared by the USFWS in 1985. At that time, the pink mucket was known to exist in 16 rivers throughout these drainages. Reasons for the decline of this species include impoundment, siltation, and pollution. The pink mucket is usually found in medium to large rivers greater than 20 m wide in moderate to fast flowing water. (Reference 2.4.2-16) However, individuals occasionally become established in small to medium sized tributaries of large rivers. The pink mucket inhabits rocky bottoms with swift current, usually in less than 3 ft of water. It appears to be tolerant of reservoir conditions with some flow. (Reference 2.4.2-4) The pink mucket has an elliptical shell approximately 105 mm long, 82 mm high, and 61 mm wide at full size. The surface of the shell is smooth except for the growth rings. Reproduction is similar to the other freshwater mussels. Females collect broadcast sperm and larvae (glochidia) temporarily attach to a fish host for dispersal. (Reference 2.4.2-16) The pink mucket spawns from August to September and releases larvae the following year between May and July. Fish hosts of the larval stage include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, and walleye. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

The pink mucket mussel is federally listed as endangered and is listed by the State of Tennessee as endangered (Reference 2.4.2-4). The recovery plan for this species states that, as of 1985, individuals had recently been found downstream of the Melton Hill Dam (Reference 2.4.2-16). A live pink mucket was collected in 1984 slightly upstream of the CRN Site at CRM 19.1. However, the 2011 surveys of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site did not find any live or relic specimens of the pink mucket. (Reference 2.4.2-4)

Sheepnose (Plethobasus cyphyus)

The sheepnose is a medium-sized mussel, generally reaching less than 5 inches (in.) long. The shell is elongated and ovate with thick solid valves. The anterior is rounded and the posterior is bluntly pointed. The outer surface has a row of large, broad, tubercular swellings in the center.

The sheepnose is light yellow to yellowish brown in color with slightly darker growth arrest ridges. The interior of the shell is white, pinkish, or cream colored with iridescence at the posterior. The details of the life history of the sheepnose are unknown. The sheepnose is 2.4.2-23 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report thought to reach sexual maturity at a few years of age and spawns in early summer. The sheepnose is believed to be a short-term brooder that releases glochidia in masses. (Reference 2.4.2-17) The fish host has been identified as the sauger (Reference 2.4.2-4). Recent laboratory studies also have shown that successful metamorphosis can be obtained on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), creek chub (Semotilus atrromaculatus), central stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum), and brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) (Reference 2.4.2-17).

The sheepnose mussel is federally listed as endangered, but is not listed by the State of Tennessee (Reference 2.4.2-4). The sheepnose is found in large streams in shallow shoals with moderate to swift currents. Substrates inhabited include sand, gravel, mud, cobble, and boulders. Historically, the sheepnose occurred in at least 76 streams and rivers in the Mississippi, Ohio, and Tennessee River basins across 14 states. The sheepnose is currently known to exist in 25 streams and rivers in the same 14 states, including the Clinch River.

Individuals have been recorded in the Clinch River as recently as 2006. (Reference 2.4.2-17) A living sheepnose was collected in 1994 at CRM 21.4 (Reference 2.4.2-4). Habitat destruction and degradation are the reasons for the decline of this species. No critical habitat has been designated for the sheepnose. (Reference 2.4.2-17) The 2011 surveys of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site did not find any live or relic specimens of the sheepnose (Reference 2.4.2-4).

Rough rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrica strigillata)

The rough rabbitsfoot is a medium-sized mussel reaching up to 5 in. long (Reference 2.4.2-18).

The rough rabbitsfoot has a yellow to greenish shell covered in green rays and blotches. The interior of the shell is silvery to white and iridescent. The rough rabbitsfoot is found in a range of waterbodies, from small headwater streams to large rivers in moderate to swift current.

Substrates inhabited include silt, sand, gravel, and cobble. The rough rabbitsfoot spawns from May through June. (Reference 2.4.2-19) The rough rabbitsfoot is a short-term brooder, and the fish hosts for its glochidia include the whitetail shiner (Cyprinella galactura), spotfin shiner (C.

spiloptera), and bigeye chub (Hybopsis amblops) (Reference 2.4.2-18).

The rough rabbitsfoot is federally listed as endangered, and is listed by the State of Tennessee as endangered (Reference 2.4.2-20). The rough rabbitsfoot is endemic to the Tennessee River system and was historically found in the Clinch River above Norris Reservoir. The rough rabbitsfoot currently is found only in three streams and rivers in Tennessee and Virginia, including the Clinch River. Reasons for the decline of this species are habitat destruction and deterioration as a result of human activities. (Reference 2.4.2-19) Critical habitat has been designated for the rough rabbitsfoot in the Clinch River in Hancock County in Tennessee and Scott, Russell, and Tazewell Counties in Virginia (Reference 2.4.2-21). The 2011 surveys of the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir adjacent to the CRN Site did not find any live or relic specimens of the rough rabbitsfoot (Reference 2.4.2-4).

2.4.2-24 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Spotfin chub (Erimonax monachus)

The spotfin chub is a small fish reaching a maximum length of 92 mm. The spotfin chub is dusky green above the lateral line and silver on the lower sides, bordered by gold and green stripes.

There is no speckling on the body, but there is a distinct caudal fin spot. The sexes are dimorphic, with males having longer dorsal, anal, and pelvic fins. (Reference 2.4.2-22) The spotfin chub inhabits clear upland rivers in swift currents over boulder substrates. Spawning occurs from May through August (Reference 2.4.2-4).

The spotfin chub is federally listed as threatened, and is listed by the State of Tennessee as threatened (Reference 2.4.2-4). The spotfin chub existed historically in 24 streams in the upper and middle Tennessee River system. The spotfin chub is now found in only four rivers.

(Reference 2.4.2-23) The historical range included the Clinch River, and a single specimen was collected in 1893 in the area now occupied by the Norris Reservoir. Reasons for the decline of this species include habitat destruction by impoundment, channelization, pollution, turbidity or siltation, temperature changes, and possible over-collecting and interspecific competition.

Critical habitat has been designated for the spotfin chub in North Carolina and Virginia and in Cumberland, Fentress, and Morgan Counties in Tennessee. (Reference 2.4.2-22) The spotfin chub has been observed and collected in the City of Oak Ridge and could be present on the ORR (Reference 2.4.2-24). An individual was found in East Poplar Creek in 2002 during an ORNL stream sampling event (Reference 2.4.2-25). Although it has been recorded in Roane County, the spotfin chub is extremely unlikely to occur in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir due to the unsuitable habitat conditions present in the reservoir (Reference 2.4.2-4).

Berry Cave salamander (Gyrinophilus gulolineatus)

The Berry Cave salamander is aquatic and an obligate cave dweller. The Berry Cave salamander reaches a maximum length of 136 mm and has a broad head with a truncated and spatulate snout and very small eyes. The gills are long and pink with purplish flecks. The tail is laterally compressed and has a fin that extends up the back. Adults typically are mottled dark brown, and juveniles are lighter in color. Unpigmented sensory pores are present on the head and along the sides of the body. (Reference 2.4.2-26) The Berry Cave salamander usually retains some larval characteristics as an adult, but it can metamorphose and lose these characteristics. Generally, cave salamanders become sexually mature without complete metamorphosis into the adult stage. Very little is known of its breeding habits or life span. The habitat of the Berry Cave salamander is subterranean waters in the Appalachian Valley and Ridge Province in East Tennessee. The Berry Cave salamander requires cave habitats with an inflow of organic detritus and aquatic prey. (Reference 2.4.2-27)

The Berry Cave salamander is a candidate for federal listing as endangered or threatened by the USFWS, and is listed by the State of Tennessee as threatened (Reference 2.4.2-20).

Ongoing threats to the species include lye leaching from quarrying activities, urban development, water quality degradation, and genetic hybridization with other salamander species (Reference 2.4.2-28). Water quality issues that threaten the species include pesticide 2.4.2-25 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report use, agricultural runoff, roadway runoff, and siltation due to forestry operations (Reference 2.4.2-27). The known locations of the Berry Cave salamander are in the Upper Tennessee River and Clinch River drainages. The Berry Cave population is in Roane County, Tennessee (Reference 2.4.2-28). Berry Cave is located approximately 9 mi south of the CRN Site and a few hundred yards west of Watts Bar Reservoir. None of the caves in which the Berry Cave salamander is known to occur are located on or adjacent to the CRN Site (Reference 2.4.2-26).

2.4.2.3.2 State-Listed Species Seventeen aquatic species with a state listing or other state protected status have recorded occurrences in Roane County (Table 2.4.2-6). These include two amphibians, five fish, nine mussels, and one plant that are state-listed as threatened or endangered, are deemed in need of management, or are of special concern. Eleven of these species also are federally listed. In Subsection 2.4.2.3.1, these federally listed species either were identified for evaluation or were eliminated from further evaluation because they are not considered to have the potential to be affected by the CR SMR Project due to their extirpation or historical absence from the area. The remaining aquatic species that have a state listing or other protective status include one amphibian, four fish, and one plant. None of these species were observed during biological surveys of aquatic habitats performed at the CRN Site in March 2015. These species are briefly discussed below.

Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)

The hellbender has been designated by TDEC as in need of management (Reference 2.4.2-20).

The hellbender is a completely aquatic, large salamander that can reach a length of up to 29 in.

The hellbender is brown to grayish in color with irregular dark blotches. The body is flattened horizontally, and the tail is flattened vertically. The hellbender has four short legs with four toes on the front feet and five toes on the rear feet. Along the body, between the front and hind legs, are skin folds that are used in respiration. Larval hellbenders have external gills, but at 18 months of age, a metamorphosis results in the loss of these gills. Hellbender breeding season occurs between September and early November. Males dig shallow depressions under a rock or log in which females deposit two long strings of eggs, which are fertilized by the male as they are laid. The males brood the eggs in the nest for 2 to 4 months. Hellbenders become sexually mature at 5 to 7 yr and can live up to 30 yr. Lack of suitable large objects has been proposed as a population-limiting factor for the hellbender. The hellbender usually is found in medium to large streams and rivers with fast-flowing water and rocky substrates. (Reference 2.4.2-29)

Hellbenders have been found in the tail waters below Melton Hill dam upstream of the CRN Site. The Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir potentially provides habitat suitable for the hellbender, including large rocks and logs for breeding sites, but the hellbender has not been documented near the CRN Site. (Reference 2.4.2-30) The last known record of the hellbender in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir was a collection in the Melton Hill dam tailwaters in 1989. This species has not been reported from the Clinch River since then and is assumed to no longer be present. (Reference 2.4.2-31) 2.4.2-26 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Blue sucker (Cycleptus elongatus)

The blue sucker is listed as threatened by TDEC (Reference 2.4.2-4). The blue sucker is a fish which is olive-blue or slate-olive on its back and sides with a lighter bluish-white ventral coloring.

Its lips are white and its fins are dark blue-gray to black. The blue sucker reaches a maximum of 825 mm in length. Spawning occurs in April through May in deep riffles with substrates of cobble and bedrock. The blue sucker reaches sexual maturity at ages 3 through 5 yr and can live up to 22 yr. (Reference 2.4.2-32) The blue sucker is found in deep pools of large, free-flowing rivers with swift currents (Reference 2.4.2-4). Characteristic habitats have very swift flow and cobble or bedrock substrates. Juveniles are found in shallower and less turbulent areas. (Reference 2.4.2-32) Blue sucker populations have declined drastically due to the effects on large rivers from impoundments and increased siltation (Reference 2.4.2-4). The blue sucker is extremely unlikely to occur in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir due to the unsuitable habitat conditions present in the reservoir.

Flame chub (Hemitremia flammea)

The flame chub has been designated by TDEC as in need of management (Reference 2.4.2-4).

The flame chub is a small minnow that reaches a maximum length of approximately 3 in. The flame chub has a distinct caudal spot and a dark lateral stripe bordered above by a pale gold area. Sexually active males are bright scarlet to orange ventrally and retain some of this coloring throughout the year. Spawning occurs from late January to June. The flame chub can live for up to 2 yr. Spawning has been reported in flooded agricultural fields and pastures. The flame chub inhabits springs, spring-fed streams, and shallow seepage waters in locations where gravel and aquatic vegetation are present. (Reference 2.4.2-33) Populations have declined with the continued alteration of spring habitats (Reference 2.4.2-4). The flame chub is unlikely to occur and was not found in surveys of streams on the CRN Site or Barge/Traffic Area, which lack suitable habitat conditions.

Tangerine darter (Percina aurantiaca)

The tangerine darter has been designated by TDEC as in need of management (Reference 2.4.2-4). The tangerine darter is a fish that reaches a maximum length of 7 in. Males have an orangish red to tangerine color on the lower sides and ventral area, while females are yellow in this area. A black stripe extends from head to tail, and small black dots above this stripe are unique to the species. Male dorsal fins are dusky orange and female dorsal fins are yellow.

Males reach sexual maturity after 1 yr and females reach sexual maturity after 2 yr. Spawning occurs in May through July in gravel-bottomed riffles. Eggs and sperm are released onto the gravel bed with no brooding or nesting. (Reference 2.4.2-34) The tangerine darter inhabits clearer reaches of moderate to large headwater tributaries of the upper Tennessee River drainage and is most abundant in smaller tributaries. Preferred habitats most of the year are deeper riffles and runs with substrates of bedrock, boulders, and large rubble, but in winter, deeper pools are used. (Reference 2.4.2-4) The tangerine darter potentially could occur in some 2.4.2-27 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report sections of Grassy Creek. It is unlikely to occur and was not found in surveys of streams on the CRN Site or Barge/Traffic Area due to the unsuitable habitat conditions.

Tennessee dace (Chrosomus tennesseensis)

The Tennessee dace has been designated by TDEC as in need of management (Reference 2.4.2-4). The Tennessee dace is a small minnow reaching a maximum length of approximately 2 in. The Tennessee dace is found in pools in spring-fed headwaters and small creeks, typically 1 to 2 m wide with substrates of gravel, sand, and silt (Reference 2.4.2-35). The Tennessee dace typically inhabits shallow pools in association with undercut banks and debris in small, low-gradient, woodland tributaries of the upper Tennessee River drainage. The Tennessee dace spawns from April through July. (Reference 2.4.2-4) The Tennessee dace has been observed on the ORR and potentially could occur in some sections of Grassy Creek (Reference 2.4.2-24).

It is unlikely to occur and was not found in surveys of streams on the CRN Site or Barge/Traffic Area due to the unsuitable habitat conditions.

Nutalls waterweed (Elodea nutallii)

Nuttalls waterweed has been designated by TDEC as a species of special concern (Reference 2.4.2-20). Nuttalls waterweed is a submerged, aquatic, perennial plant with stems growing up to 40 in. long. The stems are branched, and the white flowers float on top of the water. Male and female flowers grow on separate plants. (Reference 2.4.2-36) Nuttalls waterweed reproduces sexually with seeds during June, July, and August. The male flowers break off the plant and split open, spreading the pollen on the waters surface. Pollination occurs when the pollen comes in contact with a female flower. Nuttalls waterweed also can reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation of the stem, which is the most common method. (Reference 2.4.2-37) The leaves are linear to lance-like, bright green, and do not have stalks. The edges are folded, and there are two to three leaves per whorl. Nuttalls waterweed generally is found in still water growing in fine sediment. (Reference 2.4.2-36) Nuttalls waterweed prefers quiet waters of lakes or streams and typically is found in calcareous (hard) water (Reference 2.4.2-37).

2.4.2.3.3 Species of Commercial or Recreational Value TVA and state fisheries agencies developed a Sport Fishing Index that was used until 2008 to provide an indication of the quality of sport fishing for individual species in TVA reservoirs (Reference 2.4.2-38). Sportfish surveys were performed in the spring, but not every reservoir was sampled each year (Reference 2.4.2-39). TVA discontinued the spring sport fish survey after 2014 (Reference 2.4.2-40). The Sport Fishing Index scores for each reservoir and species were based on population measures (the number of fish and the size and health of individual fish) and information about angler use of the reservoir and their success (the number of anglers fishing for a particular type of fish and the number of that type that they actually catch). The Sport Fishing Index score for a given species could range from 60 (excellent) to 20 (very poor).(Reference 2.4.2-38) For Watts Bar Reservoir, the most recent sport fish survey statistics available are from 2014, but the most recently calculated Sport Fishing Index score available is 2.4.2-28 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report from 2008. The 2008 Sport Fishing Index scores for Watts Bar Reservoir indicate that scores for black basses, smallmouth bass, striped bass, white bass, crappie, white crappie, and channel catfish were below the 2008 average across the TVA region and the scores for black crappie, largemouth bass, and spotted bass were above the average. (Reference 2.4.2-39; Reference 2.4.2-38; Reference 2.4.2-41)

To characterize the fish community in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir, TVA selected two fish sampling locations, one upstream and one downstream of the CRN Site.

Sampling by electrofishing and gill netting was conducted in February, May, July, and October of 2011 to document seasonal variation in fish community composition. An average of 14 commercially valuable and 22 recreationally valuable fish species were collected at the downstream location during 2011 and an average of 15 commercially valuable and 24 recreationally valuable species were collected at the upstream location. The commercially and recreationally valuable fish species collected are identified in Table 2.4.2-1. Commercially valuable species are defined as those that can be legally harvested by commercial fishing methods for sale as meat, roe, or bait. Recreationally valuable species are those species that are commonly sought by anglers or bowfishers or are used for bait. (Reference 2.4.2-6) As discussed in Subsection 2.4.2.1.1, fish consumption advisories have been posted by TDEC on Watts Bar Reservoir in the vicinity of the CRN Site warning that, due to the levels of contaminants (PCBs) in their tissues, consumption of catfish and sauger should be limited to about two meals per month and striped bass should not be eaten (Reference 2.4.2-42).

For Melton Hill Reservoir, the 2008 Sport Fishing Index scores for black basses, largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, spotted bass, crappie, black crappie, white crappie, and sauger were below the 2008 average across the TVA region, while the scores for channel catfish and striped bass were above the average (Reference 2.4.2-39). Melton Hill Reservoir is popular for sportfishing for species that include muskellunge, striped bass, hybrid striped bass, white crappie, largemouth bass, and skipjack herring. In 2008, there was an advisory against the consumption of catfish from the reservoir due to PCB levels. Muskellunge are stocked annually in Melton Hill Reservoir by the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency. (Reference 2.4.2-43) 2.4.2.3.4 Nuisance Species Aquatic invasive species are non-native species that are likely to cause economic and/or environmental harm. Other terms for these types of species are nuisance, alien, non-indigenous, exotic, or undesirable species. (Reference 2.4.2-44) Within the Tennessee Valley, TVA has identified seven invasive species that constitute the greatest threat to rare native species or the balance of the aquatic community in general. These seven species are:

  • Common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
  • Grass carp (Ctenopharyndogon idella)
  • Blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis) 2.4.2-29 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report

  • Rusty crayfish (Orconectes rusticus)
  • Asiatic clam

The Kentucky River crayfish (Orconectes juvenilis) is an invasive, non-native species that is very similar to the rusty crayfish, and until recently Orconectes juvenilis was considered to be the same species as Orconectes rusticus (Reference 2.4.2-46). The Asiatic clam and zebra mussel were found in the 2011 sampling by TVA in the Clinch River arm of the Watts Bar Reservoir (Reference 2.4.2-6). The Asiatic clam and zebra mussel potentially are the most problematic of these nuisance species because they contribute to biofouling of water intake systems (Reference 2.4.2-44). TVA has a monitoring and eradication program for these species at generating facilities, including the use of chemical and heated-water treatments. Nuisance species can cause other problems as well, including negative effects on fishing and musseling, and they can contribute to the decline of native species through competition or predation (Reference 2.4.2-44).

Federal regulations regarding invasive species include Executive Order 13112 - Invasive Species, which requires federal agencies to:

  • Prevent the introduction of invasive species
  • Detect and respond rapidly to control populations of such species in a cost-effective and environmentally sound manner
  • Monitor invasive species populations accurately and reliably
  • Provide for restoration of native species and habitat conditions in ecosystems that have been invaded The nuisance species that occur in the vicinity and have the greatest potential to affect the CR SMR Project, the Asiatic clam and zebra mussel, are briefly described below.

Asiatic Clam (Corbicula fluminea)

The Asiatic clam is a small, filter-feeding bivalve with a maximum size of 1.5 in. The outer surface is light yellow to dark brown or black and the interior is white to light purple. The Asiatic clam is hermaphroditic and capable of self-fertilization and does not require a host fish for successful development. Larvae are brooded in the gills, and individuals can release up to 70,000 juveniles per yr. The Asiatic clam is native to China, Korea, and southeast Russia. The Asiatic clam was first collected in Washington State in 1938. The Asiatic clam is currently distributed across 38 states and the District of Columbia, including almost every river and reservoir in Tennessee. It is hypothesized that the Asiatic clam entered the country as a food item used by Chinese immigrants. Currently, the Asiatic clam is spread by human activities such as accidental bait bucket introductions and aquaculture species, and intentional introductions by people that eat them. The Asiatic clam causes environmental harm by competing for habitat and 2.4.2-30 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report food with native bivalves. The Asiatic clam causes economic harm by biofouling water intakes of power plants and industrial and municipal water supplies. (Reference 2.4.2-44)

Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)

The zebra mussel is a small mussel reaching a maximum size of 1.5 in. The outer shell can be cream colored without banding but is usually striped with parallel brown or black bands. The inside surface is bluish white. The zebra mussel attaches to hard surfaces using byssal threads.

The zebra mussel spawns in spring or summer at water temperatures of 14 to 16ºC (57 to 60ºF). The zebra mussel is a broadcast spawner, with the eggs fertilized in the water column.

Larvae hatch within 3 to 5 days and do not require a fish host for successful development. The zebra mussel is native to the Black, Caspian, and Azov Seas and was first discovered in the United States in Lake St. Claire in 1988. The zebra mussel is thought to have arrived in the ballast of a commercial cargo ship and later spread by passive drifting of the larvae and adults attachment to boats and other water gear. By 1990 the zebra mussel was found in all of the Great Lakes, and by 1991 the zebra mussel had invaded the Illinois and Hudson Rivers. In 1994 the zebra mussel was reported in 19 states, and by 2002 the zebra mussel had invaded 23 states. (Reference 2.4.2-44)

The zebra mussel causes harm by biofouling intake pipes of power plants and industrial and municipal water supplies. Biofouling by the zebra mussel can be so intense that is has sunk navigational buoys and deteriorated dock pilings. The zebra mussel also competes with native bivalves for habitat and food. After its arrival in the Great Lakes, the biomass of plankton was significantly reduced. Zebra mussels also settle on native mussel species, which can cause death by interfering with normal valve operation, causing shell deformity, smothering siphons, competing for food, impairing movement, and depositing metabolic waste into underlying mussels. (Reference 2.4.2-44) During the mollusk survey by TVA at the CRN Site in 2011, biologists noted an abundance of zebra mussels throughout that reach of the reservoir. Only three of the other mussel species found were not infested with zebra mussels. Zebra mussels were particularly abundant in areas with solid and stable substrates, and were especially dense on bedrock. (Reference 2.4.2-47) 2.4.2.4 References Reference 2.4.2-1. Watts Bar - Clinch Watershed Team, Final Watts Bar Reservoir Land Management Plan, Panel 4; Alternative B "Preferred", January 23, 2009.

Reference 2.4.2-2. Tennessee Valley Authority, Watts Bar Reservoir, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/sites/wattsbarres.htm, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-3. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Temporal Occurrence, Composition, Abundance and Estimated Entrainment of Fish Eggs and Larvae at the Proposed Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site," Tennessee Valley Authority Biological and Water Resources, Knoxville, TN, 2012.

2.4.2-31 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.2-4. Howard, Charles S., Henderson, Andrew R., and Phillips, Craig L., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor and Barge/Traffic Site Evaluation of Aquatic Habitats and Protected Aquatic Animals Technical Report - Revision 5," Tennessee Valley Authority, December 22, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-5. Tennessee Valley Authority, Watts Bar Reservoir Ecological Health Rating -

1994-2012, Website: http://www.tva.com/environment/ecohealth/wattsbar.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-6. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Biological Monitoring to Characterize the Aquatic Community near the Site of the Proposed Clinch River Small Modular Reactor 2011,"

Tennessee Valley Authority Biological and Water Resources, Chattanooga, Tennessee, January, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-7. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Surface Water Quality Report," March 16, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-8. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Dams, Website: http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,4570,7-153-10370_30909_43606-154930--,00.html, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-9. Weis, J., Plankton, Website: http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/155259/,

2013.

Reference 2.4.2-10. Cole, Aaron J., Seasonal Distribution and Thermal Ecology of Muskellunge in Melton Hill Lake, Tennessee, Tennessee Technological University, December, 2011.

Reference 2.4.2-11. Tennessee Valley Authority, Melton Hill Reservoir Ecological Health Rating - 1994-2012, Website: http://www.tva.gov/environment/ecohealth/meltonhill.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-12. Tennessee Department of Agriculture, "Guide To Forestry Best Management Practices in Tennessee," Division of Forestry, 2003.

Reference 2.4.2-13. Henderson, Andrew R. and Phillips, Craig L., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor and Barge/Traffic Site Stream Survey Report - Revision 3," Tennessee Valley Authority, December 22, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-14. Pilarski-Hall, Kim, "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Technical Report Natural Areas (Managed Areas & Sites) - Revision 2," Tennessee Valley Authority, November 19, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-15. Baranski, Michael J., "Aquatic Natural Areas Analysis and Evaluation, Oak Ridge Reservation," ORNL/TM-2011/13, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, April, 2011.

Reference 2.4.2-16. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Recovery Plan Pink Mucket Pearly Mussel Lampsilis orbiculata," January 24, 1985.

2.4.2-32 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.2-17. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Determination of Endangered Status for the Sheepnose and Spectaclecase Mussels Throughout Their Range," 77(49): 14914-14949, Federal Register, March 13, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-18. Natureserve, Quadrula cylindrica strigillata - Rough Rabbitsfoot, Website:

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Quadrula+cylindrica+str igillata, October, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-19. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Recovery Plan for Cumberland Elktoe, Oyster Mussel, Cumberlandian Combshell, Purple Bean, and Rough Rabbitsfoot," U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southeast Region, Atlanta, Georgia, May 4, 2004.

Reference 2.4.2-20. Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Rare Species by County - Listing for Roane County, TN, Website: http://environment-online.state.tn.us:8080/pls/enf_reports/f?p=9014:3:6699189149038::::: 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-21. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Five Endangered Mussels in the Tennessee and Cumberland River Basins," 69(168): 53136-53180, Federal Register, August 31, 2004.

Reference 2.4.2-22. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Recovery Plan Spotfin Chub Hybopsis monacha," November 21, 1983.

Reference 2.4.2-23. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Establishment of Nonessential Experimental Population Status for 15 Freshwater Mussels, 1 Freshwater Snail, and 5 Fishes in the Lower French Broad River and in the Lower Holston River, Tennessee," 72(177): 52434-52461, Federal Register, September 13, 2007.

Reference 2.4.2-24. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Y-12 National Security Complex, and URS/CH2M Oak Ridge LLC, "Oak Ridge Reservation Annual Site Environmental Report for 2011," DOE/ORO/2418, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, September, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-25. Gaynor, Shawn, Asheville Global Report, Endangered Species of the Southern US: The Spotfin Chub, No. 247, Website:

http://archives.theglobalreport.org/issues/247/environment.html, October, 2003.

Reference 2.4.2-26. Niemiller, M. L. and Miller, B. T., "Amphibia: Caudata: Plethodontidae:

Gyrinophilus gulolineatus," Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles, 2010.

Reference 2.4.2-27. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment and Listing Priority Assignment Form," October 31, 2012.

2.4.2-33 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.2-28. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Native Species That Are Candidates for Listing as Endangered or Threatened; Annual Notice of Findings on Resubmitted Petitions; Annual Description of Progress on Listing Actions," 77(225): 69994-70060, Federal Register, November 21, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-29. Eakes, Ron, Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Hellbender, Website: http://outdooralabama.com/watchable-wildlife/what/Amphibians/Salamanders/hellbender.cfm, May, 2005.

Reference 2.4.2-30. LeGrand, Holly, "Terrestrial Animal Survey Report - TVA Clinch River Site

- 11/4/2013," Tennessee Valley Authority, November 4, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-31. LeGrand, Holly, Hamrick, Elizabeth B., and Baxter, Jr. J. T., "Clinch River Small Modular Reactor Site - Terrestrial Animal Survey Report - Revision 7," Tennessee Valley Authority, November 20, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-32. Hendrickson, Dean A. and Cohen, Adam E., Texas Natural History Collection, a Division of Texas Natural Science Center, University of Texas at Austin, Fishes of Texas Project and Online Database, Cycleptus elongatus, Blue Sucker, Website:

http://www.fishesoftexas.org/taxon/cycleptus-elongatus, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-33. Natureserve, Hemitremia flammea - Flame Chub, Website:

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Hemitremia+flammea, October, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-34. Watson, Brian T. and Fraley, Steve, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Percina aurantiaca - Tangerine Darter, Website:

http://www.ncwildlife.org/Portals/0/Fishing/documents/tdarter.pdf, June 25, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-35. Natureserve, Chrosomus tennesseensis - Tennessee Dace, Website:

http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?sourceTemplate=tabular_report.wmt&l oadTemplate=species_RptComprehensive.wmt&selectedReport=RptComprehensive.wmt&sum maryView=tabular_report.wmt&elKey=105508&paging=home&save=true&startIndex=1&nextSta rtIndex=1&reset=false&offPageSelectedElKey=105508&offPageSelectedElType=species&offPa geYesNo=true&post_processes=&radiobutton=radiobutton&selectedIndexes=105508, October, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-36. University of Wisconsin, Elodea nuttallii, Website:

http://wisplants.uwsp.edu/scripts/detail.asp?SpCode=ELONUT, 2012.

Reference 2.4.2-37. Rook, Earl J. S., Elodea nuttallii, Website:

http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/aquatics/elodeanut.html, February 26, 2004.

Reference 2.4.2-38. Tennessee Valley Authority, Sportfish Index Ratings, Website:

http://www.tva.com/environment/water/sportfish.htm#29, May 19, 2015.

2.4.2-34 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Reference 2.4.2-39. Tennessee Valley Authority, Spring Sportfish Survey Results, Website:

http://www.tva.gov/environment/water/catchtables.htm#29, May 19, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-40. Tennessee Valley Authority, Spring Sport Fish Survey, Website:

http://www.tva.com/environment/water/catchfaq.htm, 2015.

Reference 2.4.2-41. Tennessee Valley Authority, Spring Sportfish Survey Results, Website:

http://www.tva.com/environment/water/catchtables.htm, 2013.

Reference 2.4.2-42. AECOM, "Final Clinch River Site Land Use and Recreation Technical Report - Revision 2," Greenville, SC, Tennessee Valley Authority, October, 2014.

Reference 2.4.2-43. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Melton Hill Reservoir - General Information, Website: http://www.tnfish.org/ReservoirLakeInformation_TWRA/

TWRA_MeltonHillReservoirInformation.htm, June, 2011.

Reference 2.4.2-44. Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, "Tennessee Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan," February, 2008.

Reference 2.4.2-45. Tennessee Valley Authority, "Reservoir Operations Study - Final Programmatic EIS, Section 4.11 Invasive Plants and Animals," May 1, 2004.

Reference 2.4.2-46. Taylor, Christopher A., "Systematic Studies of the Orconectes Juvenilis Complex (Decapoda:Cambaridae), With Descriptions of Two New Species," Journal of Crustacean Biology 20(1): 132-152, March 24, 1999.

Reference 2.4.2-47. Third Rock Consultants, LLC, "Evaluation of Freshwater Mollusk and Habitat, Clinch River CRM 15.0-19.0, Roane County, Tennessee," October 27, 2011.

2.4.2-35 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-1 (Sheet 1 of 3)

Fish Species Collected in 2011 Sampling During Four Seasons at Locations Upstream (CRM 18.5) and Downstream (CRM 15.0) of the CRN Site Thermally Commercially Recreationally Trophic Indigenous Sensitive Valuable Valuable Common Name1 Scientific Name Level2 Species Tolerance3 Species Species Species Atherinopsidae Brook silverside Labidesthes sicculus IN X INT - X -

Mississippi silverside Menidia audens IN - - - X X Catostomidae Black buffalo Ictiobus niger OM X - - X -

Black redhorse Moxostoma duquesnei BI X INT - - -

Golden redhorse Moxostoma erythrurum BI X - - X -

Northern hogsucker Hypentelium nigricans BI X INT - - -

Quillback Carpiodes cyprinus OM X - - X -

River carpsucker Carpiodes carpio OM X TOL - X -

Silver redhorse Moxostoma anisurum BI X - - X -

Smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus bubalus OM X - - X -

Smallmouth redhorse Moxostoma breviceps BI X - - - -

Spotted sucker Minytrema melanops BI X INT X X -

White sucker Catostomus commersoni OM X TOL X X -

Centrarchidae Black crappie Pomoxis nigromaculatus TC X - - - X Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus IN X TOL - - X Green sunfish Lepomis cyanellus IN X TOL - - X Hybrid sunfish Hybrid Lepomis sp. IN X - - - X Largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides TC X TOL - - X Redbreast sunfish Lepomis auritus IN - TOL - - X Redear sunfish Lepomis microlophus IN X - - - X Rock bass Ambloplites rupestris TC X INT - - X Smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu TC X INT - - X 2.4.2-36 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-1 (Sheet 2 of 3)

Fish Species Collected in 2011 Sampling During Four Seasons at Locations Upstream (CRM 18.5) and Downstream (CRM 15.0) of the CRN Site Thermally Commercially Recreationally Trophic Indigenous Sensitive Valuable Valuable Common Name1 Scientific Name Level2 Species Tolerance3 Species Species Species Spotted bass Micropterus punctulatus TC X - - - X Warmouth Lepomis gulosus IN X - - - X White crappie Pomoxis annularis TC X TOL - - X Clupeidae Gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum OM X TOL - X X Hybrid shad Hybrid Dorosoma OM X - - - X Skipjack herring Alosa chrysochloris TC X INT - X X Threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense PK X - - X X Cottidae Banded sculpin Cottus carolinae IN X - - - -

Cyprinidae Bluntnose minnow Pimephales notatus OM X TOL - - -

Bullhead minnow Pimephales vigilax IN X - - - -

Common carp Cyprinus carpio OM - TOL - X X Fathead minnow Pimephales promelas OM - TOL - X X Golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas OM X TOL - X X Largescale stoneroller Campostoma oligolepis HB X - - - X Spotfin shiner Cyprinella spiloptera IN X TOL - - -

Esocidae Muskellunge Esox masquinongy TC - INT - - X Ictaluridae Blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus OM X - - X X Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus OM X - - X X Flathead catfish Pylodictis olivaris TC X - - X X 2.4.2-37 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-1 (Sheet 3 of 3)

Fish Species Collected in 2011 Sampling During Four Seasons at Locations Upstream (CRM 18.5) and Downstream (CRM 15.0) of the CRN Site Thermally Commercially Recreationally Trophic Indigenous Sensitive Valuable Valuable Common Name1 Scientific Name Level2 Species Tolerance3 Species Species Species Lepisosteidae Longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus TC X TOL - X -

Spotted gar Lepisosteus oculatus TC X - - X -

Moronidae Hybrid striped bass Hybrid Morone TC - - - - X Striped bass Morone saxatilis TC - - - - X White bass Morone chrysops TC X - - - X Yellow bass Morone mississippiensis TC X - - X X Percidae Dusky darter Percina sciera IN X - - - -

Greenside darter Etheostoma blennioides SP X - X - -

Logperch Percina caprodes BI X - X - -

Sauger Sander canadensis TC X - - - X Saugeye Hybrid Sander TC X - - - X Snubnose darter Etheostoma simoterum SP X - - - -

Walleye Sander vitreus TC X - - - X Yellow perch Perca flavescens IN - - - - X Poeciliidae Western mosquitofish Gambusia affinis IN X TOL - - -

Sciaenidae Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens BI X - - X X 1 Species listed by family in alphabetical order by common name 2 Trophic level: BI = benthic invertivore, HB = herbivore, IN = insectivore, OM = omnivore, PK = planktivore, SP = specialized insectivore, TC = top carnivore 3 Tolerance: INT = intolerant species, TOL = tolerant species Source: (Reference 2.4.2-6) 2.4.2-38 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-2 Summary of Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index (RFAI) Scores and Ecological Health Ratings Seasonal RFAI Scores Calculated from 2011 Fish Community Data February May July October Down- Up- Down- Up- Down- Up- Down- Up-Metrics stream stream stream stream stream stream stream stream Species Richness and Composition No. of indigenous species 3 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 No. of centrarchid species 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 No. of benthic invertivore species 3 3 3 3 3 5 3 3 No. of intolerant species 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 Percent tolerant individuals 4 3 4 3 3 2 4 3 Percent dominance by one species 2 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 Percent non-indigenous species 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 No. of top carnivore species 5 3 3 5 5 5 3 5 Trophic Composition Percent top carnivores 3 3 3 4 2 3 1 2 Percent omnivores 5 3 4 4 2 1 3 2 Fish Abundance and Health Average no. per run 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Percent anomalies 2 5 3 2 3 3 4 5 Overall RFAI Score 38 36 38 42 39 37 37 40 Ecological Health Rating Fair Fair Fair Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Notes:

Sampling locations within the Clinch River arm of Watts Bar Reservoir:

Downstream at CRM 15.0, upstream at CRM 18.5 Assignment of ecological health ratings based on RFAI Scores:

12 to 21 = very poor 22 to 31 = poor 32 to 40 = fair 41 to 50 = good 51 to 60 = excellent Source: (Reference 2.4.2-6) 2.4.2-39 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-3 (Sheet 1 of 2)

Numbers and Percent Composition of Fish Eggs and Larvae Collected in Ichthyoplankton Samples from Upstream (CRM 18.0) and Downstream (CRM 15.5) of the CRN Site - February 2011 through January 2012 Upstream Downstream Total (CRM 18.0) (CRM 15.5)

Taxon Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Numbers Comp. (%) Numbers Comp. (%) Numbers Comp. (%)

FISH EGGS Sciaenidae 3839 64.2 353 19.2 4192 53.6 Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum) eggs 3839 64.2 353 19.2 4192 53.6 Clupeidae 1109 18.5 718 39.1 1827 23.4 Clupeid (not skipjack herring) eggs 1108 18.5 609 33.2 1717 22.0 Alosa chrysochloris (skipjack herring) 1 T 109 5.9 110 1.4 Moronidae 699 11.7 415 22.6 1114 14.3 Morone (not M. saxatilis) 699 11.7 415 22.6 1114 14.3 Unidentifiable fish eggs 331 5.5 349 19.1 680 8.7 Percidae 1 T - - 1 T Walleye egg 1 T - - 1 T Total 5979 100 1835 100 7814 100 FISH LARVAE Clupeidae 1253 76.2 1407 61.1 2660 67.4 Clupeid spp. 1223 74.3 1399 60.7 2622 66.3 Dorosoma spp. (shad) 8 0.5 - - 8 0.2 Dorosoma cepedianum (gizzard shad) 10 0.6 4 0.2 14 0.4 Dorosoma petenense (threadfin shad) 1 0.1 - - 1 T Alosa chrysochloris (skipjack herring) 11 0.7 4 0.2 15 0.4 Catostomidae 14 0.9 448 19.4 462 11.7 Ictiobinae (buffalofishes or carpsuckers) 13 0.8 448 19.4 461 11.7 Moxostoma spp. (redhorse) 1 0.1 - - 1 T Moronidae 206 12.5 197 8.6 403 10.2 Moronid spp. 5 0.3 13 0.6 18 0.5 Moronid (not M. saxatilis) 201 12.2 184 8.0 385 9.7 2.4.2-40 Revision 1

Clinch River Nuclear Site Early Site Permit Application Part 3, Environmental Report Table 2.4.2-3 (Sheet 2 of 2)

Numbers and Percent Composition of Fish Eggs and Larvae Collected in Ichthyoplankton Samples from Upstream (CRM 18.0) and Downstream (CRM 15.5) of the CRN Site - February 2011 through January 2012 Upstream Downstream Total (CRM 18.0) (CRM 15.5)

Taxon Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Numbers Comp. (%) Numbers Comp. (%) Numbers Comp. (%)

Centrarchidae 104 6.3 116 5.0 220 5.6 Lepomis spp. (sunfish) 97 5.9 103 4.5 200 5.1 Pomoxis spp. (crappie) 7 0.4 13 0.6 20 0.5 Atherinopsidae 20 1.2 52 2.3 72 1.8 Atherinopsid spp. 3 0.2 1 T 4 0.1 Menidia audens (Mississippi silverside) 17 1.0 51 2.2 68 1.7 Sciaenidae 17 1.0 36 1.6 53 1.3 Aplodinotus grunniens (freshwater drum) 17 1.0 36 1.6 53 1.3 Cyprinidae 21 1.3 32 1.4 53 1.3 Cyprinus carpio (common carp) 21 1.3 31 1.3 52 1.3 Cyprinid spp. (Pimephales group) - - 1 T 1 T Percidae 5 0.3 9 0.4 14 0.4 Etheostoma spp. 1 0.1 - - 1 T Perca flavescens (yellow perch) - - 1 T 1 T Percina spp. (Etheostoma type) 3 0.2 8 0.3 11 0.3 Percina spp. (P. caprodes type) 1 0.1 - - 1 T Polyodontidae 1 0.1 - - 1 T Polyodon spathula (paddlefish)

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