ML19323F564
| ML19323F564 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Oyster Creek |
| Issue date: | 02/29/1980 |
| From: | Belmore C, Hillman R, Richards B Battelle Memorial Institute, COLUMBUS LABORATORIES |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19323F556 | List: |
| References | |
| 14968, NUDOCS 8005290187 | |
| Download: ML19323F564 (182) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:_ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ ___ -______ I I e I ANNUAL REPORT For the Period December 1, 1978 to November 30, 979 I
~
i on I WOODBORER STUDY ASSOCIATED WITH THE OYSTER CREEK GENEPATING STATION ll !E to i JERSEY CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT COMPANY ! February 29, 1980 I I lI by 4 )g B.R. Richards, C.I. Belmore, R.E. Hillman, and N.J. Maciolek 15
; !I Report No. 14968 !I Battelle is not engaged in research for advertising, sales promotion, i or publicity purposes, and this report may not be reproduced in full or in
- part for such purposes.
l l 90 0lC
l I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1
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MAN AGEME NT S UID'ARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-I INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION........................................... 3
O N C LU S I 0 N S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 LITERATifRE CITED................................................, 17 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographical Locations of Exposure Panels.......................... 2 Figure 2. Seasonal Comparison of Number of Teredo navalis Found in Exposure Panels with the Percent of I Minchinia Infections in Specimens Examined for Conad Analysis at Three Selected Stations in Barnegat Bay.........................................
10 I Figure 3. Feasonal Comparison of Number of Bankia gouldi Found in Exposure Panels with the Percent of I Boveria Encystment in Specimens Examined for Canad Analysis at Three Selected Stations in Barnegat Bay......................................... 12 I APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PA'!ELS.................................................. A-1 lm APPENDIX B 'E WATER QUALITY.................................................... B-1 l 1 i APPENDIX C BORER DEVELOPMENT STATUS......................................... C-1
- I
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r w l 1 MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
I Through Purchase Order No. 16767, Jersey Central Power & Light Company requested Batte11e's William F. Clapp Laboratories to liivestigate whether the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station ther-mal discharge significantly affects the marine borer population in p the Barnegat Bay system. This report covers the study period from December, 1978 through November, 1979, and the discussion includes trends observed since the inception of the program in June. 1975. Three species of teredinids, Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and Teredo bartschi were found in panels exposed in the Barnegat Bay L systu.during the period December, 1978 through November, 1979. i
':eredo navalis, historically dominant on the oceanside of the bay, was l also widespread on the west side in 1979. For the first time, Teredo bartschi was found in our panels exposed outside of Oyster Creek. - The amount of shipworm attack to the panels increased over the past three seasons but shipworm abundance has not reached the level of that observed in 1975. Bankia gouldi abundance increased particularly at Holly Park, Cedar Creek, and Stouts Creek, locations all north of Forked River and not influenced by the thermal discharge.
Teredo navalis, always abundant at the inlet, was present in standard panels at 16 of 20 locations throughout the bay within and beyond the thermal plume and was not influenced by the thermal discharge. Tcredo barcachi is primarily found in Oyster Creek, -hich is within the influence of the thermal effluent. Their occurrence in panels from outside Oyster Creek suggests that the species may be spreading from l Oyster Creek. However, this species is absent from panels exposed in thermal plume areas south of Oyster Creek, indicating no effect by the l 1 Oyster Creek Generating Stat ion on its southward distribution. Seasonal settlement patterns obtained from short-term panel I exposures remained similar throughout the study period and established that teredinid settlement in Barnegat Bay is limited to the period of June through l November. Corresponding increases in destruction to long-term panels at I 1 s
I i locations beyond the influence of the thermal plume indicate that there were no plant effects on the increase in abundance. Although the presence of adjacent exposure panels offers the opportunity for reinfestation by larvae released by adults in the panels, such attack would be restricted to one season in panels exposed on a six-month cycle. However, yearly panels submerged during late summer and early fall may contain individuals from two breeding seasons, as would any untreated wood submerged nearby. The result of an analysis of variance showed some differences I in station to station temperature and salinity values but all were with-in the teredinid breeding limits and were sin.ilar to those of previous years. The abundance of shipworms throughout Barnegat Bay cannot be
- I correlated with any water quality parameters.
Also, correlation of water temperatures with seasonal teredinid attack indicates that an extended breeding season has not been established ! in the bay.
-=
Histological s;udies show that gonadal development patterns J have been consistent throughout the study and there is no evidence that extended breeding seasons occurred at any site except in the discharge area where reproductive development of Teredo bartschi was observed during the winter months. Two protozoan parasites continue to be present in shipworms from Barnegat Bay. There appears to be an inverse relationship between Minchinia infection rates and Terado navalis abundance at some stations. The rate of Boveria infections of Bankia gouldi was higher than in 1976-l 77. The factors that allow encystment of Boveria are not clear. Possibly certain levels of stress allow Boveria to penetrate Bankia gouldl but do not prevent encystment response. There was no apparent thermal effect on Limnoria populations, which were present only in the southern part of the bay and at the inlet. 6 'I
1 i WOODBORER STUDY ASSOCIATED WITH THE OYSTER CREEK GENERATING STATION by B.R. Richa-ds, C.I. Belmore, R.E. Hillman, and N.J. Maciolek INTRODUCTION Ravages by marine borers throughout the world have been re-corded since man has plied the seas and historical record shows periods of massive attack iollowed by intervals of little or no attack. Investi-gations of borer attacks usually were stimulated by a sudden calamity B or the unexpected borer invasion of a new locality (Hill and Kofoid, 1927). Such was the case in the early 1970's when a heavy infestation of shipworms occurred in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. Barnegat Bay is a large, shallow bay of water, approximately 30 miles long, with numerous fresh water tributaries and a primary tidal exchange at Barnegat Inlet. The thermal discharge of Jersey Central Power & Light Company's , Oyster Creek Generating Station enters Oyster Creek, a salt water creek, approximately two miles inland from Barnegat Bay (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1974). Consequently marine organisms in Oyster Creek are, at times, exposed to temperatures that are higher than at other areas in the Barnegat Bay system. Accordingly, Jersey Central Power & Light Company requested Battelle's William F. Clapp Laboratories to conduct an investigation to determine whether resident marine borer populations in the Oyster Creek discharge are contributing significant additional I damage in Barnegat Bay, over what would be caused to the same wood by meine borers occurring " naturally" in the Barnegat Bay system. To accomplish this goal, the program was designed to determine marine borers present in Barnegat Bay, their distribution and abundance, their destructiveness and seasons of reproductive activity. Three inte-grated tasks were conducted: 1) wood exposure panels were installed at 20 locations (stations) in Barnegat Bay and adjacent areas (Figure 1),
- 2) the gonads of teredinds collected throughout the study area were I
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y aI ;d BARNEGAT INLET, NEW JERSEY , Latitude 39' 45.8 N E Longitude 74' 06.0 W ' 2 5 O FICURE 1. OUTLINE OF BA:LNI: GAT BAY 5110 WING GEOCMPilICAL LOCATIO;4S 07 1:XPOSURE PANELS
3 examined to determine if the shipworms in the area of the thermal plume were experiencing an extcnded breeding season, and 3) water temperature, m salinity, oxygen, and pH were recorded at all stations nonthly to deter-mine if these parameters influenced the distribution, reproduction, and
- abundance of the marine borers. - This report presents data and results for the period December, , , 1978 through November, 1979, and in the discussion includes trends observed since the inception of the program in June, 1975.
The materials and methods and detailed results for each por-tion of thin study, i.e., exposure panels, water quality, and marine borer development status, are presented in Appendices A, B, and C, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As in the past two seasons, only three species of teredinids, Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and Teredo bartschi, were present in wood exposure panels removed during the period December, 1978 through November, 1979. Of these species, the first two are considered endemic to the Barnegat Bay area. Teredo bartschi, considered a subtropical I species, was first observed in Barneget Bay in 1974 (Firth et al., 1976). A fourth species, Terado furcifera, also considered subtropical, which was of concern during the first years of the program, has not been present in the panels since the 1976 season. Consistent with data from previous years, Bankia gouldi con-tinues to be widespread on the west side of the bay and is particularly abundant north of Oyster Creek at locations in Holly Park, Cedar Creek, and Stouts Creek which are not influenced by the thermal discharge. The j abundance of Bankia gouldi at the mouth of Forked River was greater in 1979 than in the past three seasons, and was similar to that at Holly Park and Cedar Creek. l Teredo navalis has always dominated the ocean side of the bay, but in 1979 it was more widespread than any other borer species, occurring I 1 I L .-
l I l I ' I in exposure panels from nixteen locations. This species has always been ( abundant at the Inlet which is beyond all influence of the thermal dis-charge. The remaining locations are located throughout the bay, within and beyond the thermal plume. Therefore the presence of Teredo navalis ( at the remaining locations cannot be attributed to power plant effects. ) Salinity vacies significantly at the panel locations but does not appear to be a contributing factor affecting distribution. Teredo navalis i l tolerates a wide range in salinity and grows well at salinities as low as 10 o/co (Culliney, 1973). Cycles of abundance and scarcity have been suggested as important factors in marine borer activity. Clapp (1973) e discussed the possibility of 10 , 30- and 70-year cycles, but concluded that only intensive studies covering a period of many consecutive years can determine whether or not such natural cycles exist. It is hypothesized that the increase in numbers and locations of Teredo navalis is the result of natural cycles. . Tavado frecifera and Teredo bartschi are considered to be tropical
- or subtropical species (Turner, 1966, pp. 54-55) introduced into Barnegat Bay by unknown means (possibly via boats that previously had been in waters in which these species were present). These species were first reported from Barnegat Bay in 1974 (Woodward-Clyde, 1976). Although they may have been present but undetected prior to 1974, they are considered non-native
~ to tae area. Regardless of how their presence in the bay occurred, the importance of these two species is in their survival, proliferation, dis- .I tribut ion and their use as " tracer specier to assess the effects of the thermal discharge. .I
- E Terado f:mcifera has not been present in our panels since the 1976 teredinid season although Hoagland et al. (1979a) reported a few localized occurrences in 1977 and 1978. Due to lack of confirming data it is not possible to state firmly that this species has become estab-lished in Barnegat Bay.
Tercdo hartschi has been present in the exposure panels in Oyster Crock each season since the onset of the study in 1975. There was a sharp decline in abundance during the 1976 season, probably due to the severity of the winter coupled with the removal of quantities of borer-infested wood from Oyster Creek (Richards et al., 1978). Teredo I
I 5 barcachi is an opportunistic, larviparous species releasing larvae that settle within 24-72 hours (Lane et al., 1954; Turner, 1966). It is theorized that after the removal of the infested wood from the crack, larvae from sur-viving Teredo bartschi, having little or no competition from the formerly dominant Bankia gouldi, accomp]*ihed localized settlement with a gradual population recovery. This the( cy is substantiated by the increase in abundance observed each successive season in Oyster Creek, although the abundance level of 1975 has not been reached. Although the presence of adjacent exposure panels offers an opportunity for re-infestation by newly-released larvae, such attack I would be restricted to one season in panels exposed on a six-month cycle. ever, yearly panels submerged during late summer and early fall may contain How-individuals from two breeding seasons, as would any untreated wood submerged nearby. Hoagland et al. (1979b) reported few Teredo bartschi present in cumula-tive and yearly panels removed August through November, 1978 at Bayside, and the occurrence of one specimen in the November yearly panel removed from the I mouth of Forked River. During the 1978 season, Teredo bartschi was not present in any Clapp Laboratories' exposure panels from any location outside of Oyster Creek. The first such occurrence of Teredo bartschi was observed in exposure panels removed September, 1979 from Station 10A located in the Christmas Tree Lagoon which opens into Barnegat Bay adjacent to Bayside, and in a yearly panel
- removed from Station 11 at Forked River. These findings agree with Hoagland (1979b). This progression of the occurrence of Teredo bartschi suggests that the species may be spreading from Oyster Creen. Data obtained from exposure panels to be removed and examined in the late summer of 1980 will indicate whether this species is able to survive the freezing temperatures observed at these locations during winter months. Recirculation of water from Oyster Creek through Forked River is considered to be between four and 22 percent.
I of the year (Kennish [JCPL], pers. comm.), but further studies are needed to determine just when this recirculation occurs. The absence of Teredo bartschi f rom any panels exposed south of Oyster Creek, at stations which are considered to be within the influence of the thermal plume, indicates no effect by the l Oyster Creek Generating Stativa on the southward distribution of this species. Seasonal settlenent patterns obtained from short-term panel exposures have remained similar throughout the study. It has been established that teredinid settling is limited to the months of June through November (Richards et al., 1979). At the onset of the program
- See Appendix C.
I 6 in 1973 settlement was heaviest and most widespread (16 of 17 locations throughout the bay and creeks). A decline in shipworm abundance was noticeable in 1976 and 1977 and settlement occurred at but 11 of the 17 locations. There was an increase in abundance in 1978 at the Inlet I (Teredo navalis) and in Oyster Creek (Teredo bartschi) but the overall distribution dropped to 10 ' locations. Widespread settlement again occurred in 1979 (18 of 20 locations) with a noticeable increase in abun-dance of Teredo navalis and Bankia gouldi at locations outside of Oyster Creek (Tables A-21 and A-22). The long-term panels showed corresponding increases in destruc-tion. From Figure A-5 tt may be seen that the increased destruction occurred at stations beyond the influence of the thermal plume north and south of Oyster Creek and at the Inlet. Water temperatures were within optimum breeding range at stations throughout the ba during the teredinid br 2 ding season so it appears that there were no plant effects on the in-crease in abundance. The increased destruction at locations in Oyster
Creek was due primarily to abundance of Teredo bartschi although a few I 9ankia gouldi and Teredo navalis uere present. The results of a two-factor analysis of variance showed that no station-month interactions were present (a=0.574) so that station I means may be directly compared. Figure A-6 shows that destruction was f greatest at Station 1 but not significantly greater than that at Stations 11, 13, and 14. Since Stations 13 and 14 are beyond all influence of the thermal plume, there was no effect on attack at those stations by the generating plant. The amount of destruction at stations in Oyster Creek was less than at the foregoing stations and higher, but not significantly greater (a=0.05) than at the remaining panel stations. Some station to
;
) station temperature and salinity differences (Figures B-37 and B-38) l l I were observed but the ranges are similar to those of previous years and all values are within limits for teredinid breeding. l The 1979 salinity data confirmed that previously reported by Richards et al., 1979) that since the calinity in Oyster Creek was less than at stations south of Oyster Creek but significantly greater (a=0.05) I
I I 7 than at Stations 13 through 16, north of Oyster Creek, salinity does not appear to be a contributing factor. The results of the 1979 study indicate that the recurrence of shipworm abundance throughout Barnegat Bay is not related to station to station water parameters or to generat-ing plant effects. Macroexamination of teredinid specimens show the obvious gonadal development or presence of larvae in the gills. From Table A-20 it may be seen that reproductive development was apparent in all three species at the August removal ;,eriod. Since it has been establish-ed that seasonal borer settlement does not commence before June, this reproductive activity occurs within two months. Terado bartschi with I larvae were present in short-term panels removed in September from Stations 7 and 10A after 5 weeks exposure. This presents the possibility that a new generation can settle and become established before the water temperature drop. n October thereby increasing the population. Although 4 larvae have been observed in the gills in specimens removed as late as January, there has been no evidence of release. l 1 Generally, gonadal development cycles of the teredine borers have remained unchanged throughout the program, and histological data collected from December, 1978, through November, 1979 do not offer any major deviations from those data collected previously. Gcnad develop-ment begins in the late winter with spawning taking place within a I population throughout the summer and lasting well into the fall as discussed above. Theru are some differences, houever, among the species in the Barnegat Bay area. Although development appears to begin for each species at I about the same time, Teredo navalis may develop ripe gonads comewhat earlier than Bankia gouldi, and spawning may continue a little longer in the fall. This was evidenced by the appearance during this report-ing period of ripe gonads in T. navalis at Stations 2 and 17, both well outside any thermal influence, as early as April, with spawning occurr-ing into November. I I
I I e Tercdo bartschi, found primarily in the thermally influenced area was seen to spawn throughout the winter months. Since T. bartschi is considered a subtropical species it may not have as well-defined a gonadal pattern as temperate species. Often species in subtropical areas find conditions for breeding less favorable at ona time of the year than another, but no period is completely unfavorable. The T. bartschi in the thermally affected areas may merely be responding to I the variations in ambient temperature as though they were in their normal environment. 3ankia gouldi, on the other hand, is a temperate species, and the gonadal patterns observed during this study are perhaps more con-sistent from season to season and station to station than any of the other teredine species collected in Barnegat Bay. Follicle development
=
begins in late winter with ripening of the gonads in mid to late spring. Spawning occurs into October. There has been no apparent effect of the thermal cffluent on B. gouldi reproductive patterns. Early in the studies, parasites were found in histological sections of each of the species under observation, and these are re-ported on in some detail in last year's report (Richards et al., 1979). The principal parasites affecting the borers are a species of the pro-I tozoan genus Minchinia, which has been found in all species of Teredo collected from Barnegat Bay, and a ciliated protozoan Boveria teredinidi, which is not normally parasitic but which has been shown to infect a substantial numbe; of Bankia gouldi. A great deal of tissue damage has been seen in relation to the presence of the parasites, and it is quite likely that the parasites, at least the Minchinia species in Teredo, could be affecting the abundance and distribution of the borer popula-tions. During the period from December, 1978, through November, 1979, infections of Minchinia were observed only at Stations 1, 2, 10A, 11, and 17, with the heaviest infections at Stations 1, 2, and 17. At Station 17, over half of all T. navaZ#s examined for gonad analysis were infected.
I I 4 Incidence of infection appears to be cyclic, with the gre.4 test percentage of infected specimens occurring in late fall and early winter. Figure 2 shows the total seasonal (June thcough March) abundance of Teredo navalis occurring in the exposure panels (see Appendix A) plotted with the seasonal percentage of Minchinia-infected specimens from three selected stations examined for gonad development purposes (see Appendix C). The data are not strictly comparable because not all of the borers found in the panels are examined histologically, but the I plot seems to reflect empiricle observations of population fluctuations at those stations from which a large portian of the total number of q specimens are collected. i At Station 1, no infections were seen during the first season of the program. The abundance of shipworms increased by the second I season and remained relatively constant into the third and fourth sea-sons. The decline shown in the fifth season may not be real since the data represent only the total enrough November, 1979 while the other seasons include shipworms collected through March. The incidence of Minchinia infection has been generally increasing there however, and it will be interesting to see whether the abundance levels of Teredo will hold throughout another season or two. At Station 11, infection rates were very high for the first three seasons and the abundance of Teredo navalis declined over that period. No infections were seen last year (1978-1979), and the popula-I tion of T. navalis increased considerably during the first four months of season five (June through November, 1979). Minchinia infections have always been high at Station 17, and the population of Teredo fell off after the first season and has 1 I remained relatively small. This could be a direct effect of the high l infection rates at that station. I If Minchinia is having an effect on the abundance of Teredo, it would be reasonable to expect that a population would remain at a l l relatively low level (as at Station 17) until a natural disease resis- l I
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. FIGURE 2. SEASONAL COMPARISON OF NUMBERS OF Teredo navalis F01 l SPECIMENS EXAMINED FOR GONAD ANALYSIS AT THREE SELEi 8
Abundance is shown in terms of the square root of tl 2 = 1976-1977 season; 3 = 1977-1978 season; 4 = 197;
= Abundance = Percent Infee P
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i l 20 _ mum . .... -- 0 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 ation 11 Station 17 i JND IN EXPOSURE PANELS WITH THE PERCENT OF Minchinia INFECTIONS IN ,
- TED STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY l
l se actual number of specimens in the panels. 1 = 1975-1976 season; a i 3-1979 season; 5 = June through November, 1979.
; ion l 1
1 l _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - . . - . . _ _ . _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ .__l
I 11 tance is bred into it. It would then start to increase (as at Station
- 11) and build to a high level (as at Station 1) until a virulent strain of the parasite begins to show its effects again (Station 1).
The rate of encystment of Boveria teredinid: in Bankia gouldi has increased this year over what was reported in last year's annual report (Richards et al., 1979). The relationship between B. gouldi and B. teredinidi is probably not similar to that between Teredo and Minchinia, since Boveria is not strictly a parasite, and may only become one when the shipworm is under stress from another source (Hillman, 1979). Leukocytic encystment of Bankia gouldi of the ciliated proto-I zoan Boveria tcredinidi was relatively light over the period of December, 1978, through November, 1979, with none being observed from January through August. Incidences of encystment have riseo quite sharply, how-ever, from September through August, with about 20 percent of all B. gouldi collected in November showing the infection. Encystment was observed most frequently in specimens selected for gonad analysis from Station 11. Comparisons between the abundance of Bankia gouldi at Stations 11,13, and 14 and the infection rate of Boveria in specimens collected from those stations for gonad analysis are shown in Figure 3. Bankia gouldi abundance was high and hoveria infections were relatinly pre-I valent at Stations 11 and 13 during the first year of the study. At Station 14, B. gouZdi was abundant, but Boveria infections were not as numerous as at the other two stations. Abundance of B. gouldi de-I clined sharply throughout the bay during the second year of the study, and by the third and fourth year, Boveria infections had also declined. During the last few months of the present contract year, Boveria encyst-ment increased over whet it has been since the 1976-1977 season (Appendix C), and Bankia gouZdi populations also appear to be increasing. The factors that allow Boveria to penetrate the tissues of Bankia gouldi and become encysted are still not clear. Encystment of non-self materials is a natural defense mechanism in mollusks. The ability to respond to non-self materials may, however, be limited by
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, FIGURE 3. SEASONAL COMPARISON OF NUMBER OF Bankia gou SPECIMENS EXAMINED FOR GONAD ANALYSIS AT TH:
l f Abundance is shown in terms of the square ra season; 2 = 1976-1977 season; 3 = 1977-1978 0 = idundance (
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1ation 13 Station 14 di FOUND IN EXPOSURE PANELS WITH THE PERCENT OF Boveria ENCYSTMENT IN EE SELECTED STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY i ot of the actual number of specimens in the panels. 1 - 1975-1976 l season; 4 = 1978-1979 season; 5 = June through November, 1979. l
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l-Percent Infection l l
13 stress. Thus, we have the possibility that certain levels of stress allow Boveria to penetrate B. gouldi but do not inhibit B. gouldi from responding by enclosing the invader in a capsule of leukocytes. In-creased levels of stress, such as an abnormally cold winter, or low concentration of a toxicant, might be enough to kill the shipworm. I This could have been the reason for the bay-wide mortalitics of B. gouldi af ter the first year of the study. No specific stress factors have been identified yet, however. During periods when the generating plant is not operating, I water temperatures in Oyster Cre l are ambient and comparable to the rest of Barnegat Bay. The major portion of plant down-time this past year occurred during spring when ambient water temperatures in the entire area were high enot gh to support breeding by teredinids. Ilowever, no seasonal teredini6 attack w.:s present at any location until the July removal period indicating that an early teredinid breeding season had not been established anywhere in the bay. There was no extended down-tirre in the fall of 1979, so that water temper-atures remained slightly higher in Oyster Creek but all other stations I chowed the normal temperature drop in October. I Table A-21 shows that there was no change from previous years in November teredinid settlement (Richards et al., 1979) indicating that the extended breeding season remained minimal in Oyster Creek and none was observed in other aceas of Barnegat Bay. I The size attained by the several species of teredinids is of interest in that it shows the maximum growth that takes place within I a specific time frame rather than the amount of destruction to the wood. Norrally species differ in size so, for example, one Banhia gculdi is capable of more wood destruction than numerous Teredo bartschi. So far during the 1979 season the longest lengths attained in one month are: Banhia gouldi, 68 mm; Teredo navalis, 30 mm; Teredo bartschi, 30 mm. I Longest lengths attained in three months are: Bankia gouldi, 320 mm; Terado navalis. 175 mm; Teredo bartschi,100 mm. While these sizes vary from season to season the overall growth patterns are similar to those of previous years.
- _________. /
i lI i 1 .1 i 14 As in previous years, the occurrence of Limnod a in exposure panels from Barnegat Bay was restricted to the Inlet and locations in the bay south of Oyster Creek. Limnod a tdpunotata was the only j species present. The heaviest attack continued to be at Station 4A j (Waretown), the station nearest to Oyster Creek. The creosoted panels
! remained free of Linnoda and teredinid attack.
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15 CONCLUSIONS Three species of teredinids, Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and Teredo bartschi were found in panels exposed in the Barnegat Bay system during the period December, 1978, through November, 1979. Bankia gouldi continued to be widespread on the west side of the bay. Teredo navalis, historically dominant on the ocean side of the bay, was also widespread on the west side. For the first time, Teredo bartschi was found in panels exposed outside of Oyster Creek. There was an increase in shipworm attack over the past three seasons throughout the Barnegat Bay area, but abundances have not been as great as in 1975. The greatest attack by Bankia gouldi and Tercdo navalis occurred at locations beyond the thermal plume indica-ting that the increase in abundance cannot be attributed to power plant I effects. The occurrence of Toredo bartschi at locations outside Oyster Creek suggests that the species may be spreading from Oyster Creek. The absence of Tercdo bartschi in panels exposed in thermal plume areas south of Oyster Creek indicates no positive effect by the Oyster Creek Generating Station on southward distribution of this species. Settlement patterns for the teredinids have remained similar throughout the study and it was established that teredinid settling has been limited to the mor.ths of June th~ough November, and no extended breeding periods have been observed outside of Oyster Creek. The results of the study indicate that the recurrence of shipworm abundance throughout Barnegat Bay is not related to station to station water parameters or to generating plant effects. Macroexamination of Teredo bartschi indicated that a single Individual is capable of a full range of reproductive activity within two months, making it possible for population increases to be the re-sult of more than one generation per breeding season. Histological observations show that gonadal development patterns of Bankia gouldi have been consistent throughout the study and there is no apparent effect of the thermal effluent on these patterns. I
16
Histological studies of Terado navalis specimens from areas well out-side any thermal influence show reproductive development somewhat earlier and extending later than Bankia gouldi. Teredo bartschi found primarily in the thermally influenced area showed evidence of gonadal development throughout the winter months but there was no evidence of larval dispersal. The two protozoan parasites, Minchinia sp. and Boveria teredinidi, continued to be present in Tcredo navalis and Bankia gouldi, respectively. It was noted that there appears to be an inverse relation-ship between />inchinia infection rates and Terado navalis abundance at some stations. Boveria infections of Banhia gouldi increased over the 3 1976-77 season as did the Bankia gouldi population. There is a possi-bility that certain levels of stress allow the parasite to penetrate Bankia gouldi but do not inhibit Bankia gouldi from responding to encyst-ment of the invading ciliate. Limnoria continue to be limited to the Inlet and bay locations south of Oyster Creek. There was no apparent effect of the power station on the Limnoria populations. I I I GD
17 LITERATURE CITED Clapp, W.F. 1937. The activities of marine borers. Civil Engineering (New York). 7(2):105-108. Culliney, John L. 1973. Settling of larval shipworms, Teredo navalis L. and Bankia gouldi Bartsch, stimulated by humic material I (Gelbstoff), In: Materials in the Sea, pp. 822-829 Proc. 3rd Int. Cong. Mar. Corrosion Fouling (Held Oct. 2-6, 1972, Gaithers-burg, Md.). Evanston, Ill., Northwestern Univ. Press, 1973. Firth, R.W. J r. , et al. 1976. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Final Report of 1974-1975 Field and Laboratory Studies for Jersey Central Power and Light Company. Hill, C.L. and C.A. Kofold. 1927. Marine Borers and their Relation to Marine Construction on the Pacific Coast. Final Report of the San Francisco Bay Marine Filing Committee. Univ. Cal. Press, Berkeley, Calif. 351 pp. I Hillman, R.E. 1979. Encystment of the ciliate Boveria teredinidi in the tissues of the molluscan woodborer Bankia gouldi in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. J. Invert. Path. 34:78-83. Hoagland, K.E. and L. Crockett. 1979a. Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. Annual Progress Report, September I 1, 1977-August 31, 1978. Wetlands Institute, Lehigh Univ. , Stone liarbor, N.J. NUREG/CR-0634. I Hoagland, K.E. and L. Crockett. 1979b. Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. Quarterly Report, September, 1978 through November, 1978. Wetlands Institute, Lehigh Univ., Stone liarbor, N.J. NUREG/CR-0812. Lane, C.E., J.Q. Tierney, and R.E. Hennacy. 1954. The respiration of normal larvae of Teredo bartschi Clapp. Biol. Bull. Mar. Biol. Lab., Woeds Hole, Mass. 106:323-327. Richards, B.R. , A.E. Rehm, C. I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1978. Wood-borer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Ann. Rept. for the period June 1, 1976 to November 30, 1977. Report No. 14819 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Ric ha rds , B.R., C.I. Belmore and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study I Associated with Oyster Creek Generating Station. Ann. Rept. for the period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978. Report No. 14893 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. I
I 18 I Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca:Bivalvia). Cambridge, Mass. 265 p. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard University, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. December, 1974. Final Environmental Statement Oyster Creek Nuclear Cenerating Station. Docket No. 50-219. Woodward-Clyde. 1975. The physical behavior of the thermal plume dis-charge from the Oyster Creek Generating Station - Results of the 1974 thermal plume measurements.
. 1976. Marine woodborers of Barnegat Bay and their relationship to the operation of Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating I Station. Final Report to Jersey Central Power & Light Company.
I I I I I I I I I 'I I
[ APPENDIX A EXPOSURE PANELS Table of Contents Page introduction.................................................... A-1 Materials and Methods........................................... A-1 Procedures................................................. A-1 Verifications.............................................. A-6 Modifications to Panel Exposures........................... A-8 Statistical Analysis.......................,................ A-8 Results................,........................................ A-13 Teredinid Distribution and Dominance....................... A-31 Teredinid Reproduction..................................... A-40 Settlement on Short-term Panels............................ A-40 Des truc tion to Short-term Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-46 Des t ruc t ion to Long-te rm Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-4 8 Mortality.................................................. A-64 Length of Teredinids....................................... A-66 Limnoria................................................... A-68 Literature Cited................................................ A-76 List of Tables Table A-1. Geographical Locations of William F. Clapp Laboratories' Exposure Panel Arrays Submerged June, 1975, Barnegat Bay, New Jersey................................... A-3 Table A-2. Rating Scale for Teredinid and Limnoria Attack..... A-9 Table A-3. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in ? Panels Removed December 5-6, 1978.......................... A-14 Table A-4. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed January 9-10, 1979.......................... A-16 Table A-5. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed February 5-6, 1979.......................... A-17 Table A-6. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed March 6-7, 1979............................. A-18 F l w
, ,, - _ - _ - - . - _ _ - - - - - ~ _ - - . - . - -
I List of Tables (continued) Page Table A-7. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed April 4-5, 1979............................. A-19 I Table A-8. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed April 30 and May 1, 1979.................... A-19 Table A-9. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed June 4-5, 1979.............................. A-20 Table A-10. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed July 9-10, 1979............................. A-21 I Table A-ll. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed August 6-7, 1979............................ A-23 Table A-12. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in I Panels Removed September 10-12, 1979....................... A-25 Table A-13. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in I Panels Removed October 9-10, 1979.......................... A-27 Table A-14. Summary Data for Incidence of Teredinidae in Panels Removed November 5-7, 1979.......................... A-29 Table A-15. Number of Bankia gouldi in Long-term Panels Removed July, 1975, through November, 1979................. A-32 Table A-16. Number of Teredo navalis in Long-term Panels Removed July, 1975, through November, 1979................. A-34 Table A-17. Number of Teredo bartschi in Long-term Panels Removed July, 1975, through November, 1979................. A-26 Table A-18. Number of Teredo furcifera in Long-term Panels Removed July, 1975, through November, 1979................. A-38 Table A-19, Dominance of Species of Teredinidae in Long-term Panels December, 1978, through November, 1979.............. A-39 Table A-20. Reproductive Condition of Teredinids in Long-term Panels from December, 1978, through November, 1979......... A-41 I Table A-21. Numbers of Teredinids in Short-term Panels Removed Monthly December, 1978, through November, 1979..... A-42 Table A-22. f I Total Amount of Teredinid Settlement in Short-term Panels by Seasons..................................... A-44 I
i List of Tables (continued) Page Table A-23. Percent of Short-term Panels Filled with Teredinidae Removed Monthly from December,1978, through November, 1979..................................... A-47 Table A-24. Mean Percent Destruction By Seasons to Short-term Panels Removed July through November.................. A-49 Table A-25. Percent of Long-term Panels Filled with Teredinidae, Submerged June, 1978, through May, 1979 and Removed Sequentially December, 1978, through November, 1979....................................................... A-50 Table A-26. Numbers of Teredinids in Long-term Panels Submerged June, 1978, through May, 1979 and Removed Sequentially December, 1978, through November, 1979........ A-51 Table A-27. Two Factor Analysis of Variance of the Percent Descturction of Long-term Panels by Months and Stations for the Perica August, 1975, through November, 1979........ A-59 Table A-28. Mean Percent Teredinid Destruction by Season and Station................................................ A-62 Table A-29. Rank of Stations in Descending Order of Teredinid Attack........................................... A-63 r Table A-30. Teredinid Mortality in Long-term Panels Removed from Exposure December, 1978, through November, 1979....... A-65 Table A-31. Longest (Millimeter) Teredinid Recorded each Month in Exposure Panels Removed December, 1978, through November, 1979............................................. A-67 Table A-32. Summary Data for Incidence of Limoria triptmetata in Panels Removed December,1976, January and February, 1979....................................................... A-69 Table A-33. Summary Data for Incidence of Limoria in Panels Removed , Ma rch , Ap ril , and May , 19 7 9. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-70 l Table A-34. Summary Data for Incidence of Limoria triptmetata in Panels Removed June, July, and August, 1979............. A-71 Table A-35. Summary Data for Incidence of Limoria triptmetata in Penels Removed September, October, and November,1979. . . A-72 I
I I List of Tables (continued) Page Table A-36. Number of Limnoria Tunnels in Paaels Removed December, 1978, through Nevcaber, 1979..................... A-73 List of Figures Figure A-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographical Locations of Exposure Panels............................... A-2 Figure A-2. E x po s u re Pa ne l Ar ra y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-7 1 Figure A-3. Rating of Teredinid Attack......................... A-10 Figure A-4. Rating of Linnorid Attack.......................... A-ll Figure A-5. Percent Teredinid Destruction of Long-term Exposure Panels from July, 1975, through November, 1979.... A-52 Figure A-6. Mean Percent Destruction and Interval of Signifi-cant Difference (a .05) for Long-term Panels Removed from August, 1975, through November, 1979 at Twenty Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay............................. A-61 Figure A-7. Mean Annual Number of Limnoria Tunnels in Long-term Panels from June, 1975, through November, 1979........ A-74 I I I I I I I
A-1 APPENDlX A EXPOSURE PANELS Introduction Untreated and improperly treated wood immersed in the marine environment is subject to destruction by marine woodborers, commonly l called shipworms (molluscan borcrs) and gribbles (crustacean borers). The abundance and distribution of borers varies with geographical location so that current data for borer population densities must be obtained in order for protective measures to be taken. Submersion of series of untreated wood exposure panels which I are removed and replaced on continuing pre-determined cycles provide reliable data for the determination of the season of marine borer activity, the severity of attack, the species responsible, their dis-tribution, survival and growth, and seasonal variations (Clapp, 1936). In order to determine whether the resident marine borer popu-lation in Oyster Creek is contributing significantly to the marine borcr-caused damage in the Barnegat Bay system, the Jersey Central Power & Light Company requested Battelle's William F. Clapp Laboratories to investigate the occurrence of marine borers in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. This phase of the study addresses the results obtained for the 12-month perloc December, 1978, through November, 1979 from wood panels operated on continuous long-term (six-month) and short-term (one-month) exposure cycles. I Materials and Methods Procedures Exposure panel arrays are maintained in the Barnegat Bay system at twenty exposure sites (Figure A-1 and Table A-1). The sites a (stations) were selected to include locations that were representative of geographical differences in Barnegat Bay, and included areas within I
A-7 ftANASQUAN INLET 4 ERIELLE / 4'4asd POINT INTRACOASTAL s WATERVAY CANAL t!ANTOLOKING 15 K T LE CREEK I l l l 8 SEASIDE I owS[ ATLANTIC OCEAN I SLOOP CREEK IIOLLY PARK I >+ r cytt
- 12 STOUTS CREEK l
SEDGE i 10
. if IS Dq 17 to f #
OYSTER CREEK OYSTER CREEK \ e BARNEGAT INLET 7 i NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION e p WARETOWN CITY 8 BARNEGAT BEACH
$ PANEL ARRAY CONKLIN ISLAND h I O 1 2 ) MILES ,
s BARNEGAT INLET, NEW JERSEY g Latitude 39' 45.8 N E l8 Longitude 74* 06.0 W g 2 E 5 i
, _ 1. _ NE O,B _ AT BAx S _ e _ _ _ _ 1 _ e, A4 3 EXPOSURE PANELS
E E E E E E E E U E E E E E E E E E E TAP LE A-1. GE0 GRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF WILLIAM F. CLAPP LABORATORIES' EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAYU SUBMERCED JUNE, 1975, BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude Site No. Site
- 1. Barnegat Coast Guard Finger Pier WC 1 Lat. 39' 45.8'N Station, Barnegat Inlet WFCL 1948-1967 Long. 74* 06.5'W
- 2. Ashton Marina Bulkhead WC 13,14 Lat. 39' 40'N 1450 Bay Ave. Long. 74* 13'W Manahawkin
- 3. Iggie's Marina Bulkhead WC 16,17,18,19 Lat. 39' 45'N East Bay Ave. Long. 74* 12.5'W Barnegat (Conklin Island) 4.
Libert-; Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 39' 47'N Washington Ave. R. Turner Long. 74* 11'W Rutgers U. > Waretown w 4-A*. Holiday Harbor Marina Bulkhead WC 21 Lat. 39' 48'N Lighthouse Drive R. Turner long. 74* 11'N Waretown Rutgers U. 5, Mouth of Oyster Creek, Dock WC 29,30 Lat. 39* 48.5'N Lot 4, Compass Road Rutgers U. Long. 74* 10.3'W Offahore End
- 6. Oyster Creek #1 Dock Lat. 39* 48.5'N Lagoon, Inshore End Long. 74* 10.35'W 37 Capstan Drive
- 7. Private Dock End of Dock WC 27,28 Lat. 39" 48.5'N Dock Ave. R. '"urner Long. 74* ll.l'W Oyster Creek Rutgers U.
Sands Pt. Harbor Waretown
O E O E E E O M U E O E E E E E E E E TABLF A-3. (continued) Strt.cture to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Site No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 8. Oyster Creek-R.R. Cross Member WC 26 Lat. 39' 48.7'N Bridge Bridge Rutgers U. Long. 74* 12'W Discharge Canal
- 9. Forked River Cross Member WC 31 Lat 39' 49.2'N South Branch R.R. Bridge Rutgers U. Long. 74* 12.2'W Intake Canal
- 10. Teds Marina Pier WC 33,34 Lat. 39' 50.l'N Bay Ave. Long. 74* ll.6'W Forked River 10A*. Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 39' 49'N 1217 Aquarius Ct. Loag. 74* 10'W 3 Forked River i 10B*. Private Dock Under Dock Lat. 39' 49.4'N 1307 Beach Blvd. Long. 74* 10.l'W Forked River
- 11. Forked River Bulkhead WC 35 Lat. 39" 49.7'N (near mouth) Rutgers U. Long. 74* 10'W 1413 River View Drive
- 12. Stouts Creek Bulkhead WC 38,40,41 Lat 39" 50.5'N 1273 Capstan Drive R. Turner Long. 74* 08.8'W Wurtz Rutgers U.
- 13. Rocknak's Yacht Basin End of Pier WC 46 Lat. 39' 52'N Seaview Ave. Long. 74* 09'W Lanoka Harbor Cedar Creek
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 1 O W I
\
TABLE A-1. (continued) Structure to be used for Nearest Previous Approximate Latitude Sita No. Site Suspension of Rack Data Stations and Longitude
- 14. Dicks Landing Pier WC 49 Lat. 39' 54'W Island Drive R. Turner Long. 74* 08.1'W hayville (Holly Park) Nelson
- 15. Winter Yacht Basin Inc. Pier WC 57 Lat. 40* 02.5'N Rt. 528 Long. 74* 03.5'W Mantoloking Bridge W. Mantoloking
- 16. Berkely Yacht Basin Pier WC 60,61 Lat. 39 55.9'N J. Street Long. 74* 04.9'W Seaside
- 17. Island Beach Pier WC 68 Lat. 39' 47.l'N 3 State Park Long. 74* 05.9'W ',
i (Sedge Island) All exposure panel racks suspended in a minimum water depth at mean low water of at least three feet. Racks hung with nylon line from existing structures so the bottom panels are close to, but not touching the bottom. Racks at Forked River railroad bridge and Oyster Creek railroad bridge suspended with wire rope. WC = Woodward-Clyde WFCL = William F. Clapp Laboratories
- Site 4-A installed April, 1977 Sites 10 A, 10 B installed April, 1978.
A-6 and beyond the 'nfluence of the Oyster Creek thermal plume (Woodward-Clyde, 1975). The panel arrays were placed near existing structures, i.e., docks and bulkheads, to permit assessment of potential borer damage to these structures. All panel stations are accessible by land. The panels are mounted on an iron frame (Figure A-2) which is submerged vertically near the bottom. Each array consists of seven 10-inch (25.4 cm) by 3.5-inch (8.9 cm) by 0.75-inch (1.9 cm) untreated soft pinc panels, and two soft pine panels containing a 20-pound treat-ment of marine-grade creosote. Long-term panels are labelled 1 through 6 and short-term pancis are labelled C. Each month a long-term and short-term panel are removed from exposure and replaced with new untreated soft pine panels that have been seasoned for two weeks in seawater passed through a Steroline Aqua-fine Electronic Liquid Sterilizer (Model PVC 6). The sequerice of panel exchange provides six months' exposure for each long-term and one-month exposure fo- each short-term panel. The creosoted panels are not re-moved ' ut are inspected in situ for evidences of Limnoria tripunctata attack. Each month, panels removed from exposure are immediately wrappod in newspaper dampened with seawater and returned to the laboratory in refrigerator containers. In the laboratory, the panels are examined macro- and micro-scopically for the presence of marine borers. Size and number of marine borers and extent of panel damage are determined. Species identification and notations of sexual conditions are made when possible. Short-term I panels also provide data concerning seasonality of larval settlement and extent of growth within a one-month period. The primary reference sources used for species identification are Turner, 1966, 1971; Bartsch, 1908; Purushotham et al., 1971; Clapp, 1923, 1925; and Menzies, 1951, 1959. Verifications Reciprocal specimen exchanges were made in 1978 with Dr. K. Elaine l Hoagland of Lehigh University. Dr. Hoagland confirmed our voucher specimens I l .
~
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u u i i I l l 1 2 3 C 4 5 6 I l C o* O* C eo oo oo ao oo 8 I I FIGURE A-2. EXPOSURE PANEL ARRAY l l 8 1 I i I
A-8 of Teredo furcifera (removed from Station 2 . 1975) and T. bartschi. B.R. Richards and C.I. Belmore confirmed D hoagland's Teredo navalis, l T. bartachi, and Bankia gouldi. :o Teredo fure.fera were received from Dr. Iloagland for confirmation. The ratings used for evaluating the prevalence and destructiveness of marine borers are shown in Table A-2 and Figures A-3 and A-4. Modifications to Panel Exposures l Vandalism, severe weather conditions, and/or heavy borer attack can cause individual panel loss which, thereby, affects length of exposure periods. No vandalism occurred during 1979. However, in February, 1979, the rack lines were accidently cut by the yard crew wor.<ing at the Marina, ( as Station 15. The rack was on the bottom for approximately two weeks before being rehung but there was no apparent damage to the exposure panels. In April, 1979 occupancy changed at 1-16 Aquarius Court and the panel array was moved approximately 20 feet west to the dock at 1217 Aquarius Court. The long-term panel scheduled for removal in November, 1979 from Station 8, Oyster Creek Railroad Bridge, was accidently removed in August, 1979. The error was rectified by removal of two long-term panels (7-month and 6-month exposures) in September and omission of long-8 term panel removal in November, 1979. Ice conditions were severe in January and February, but all 8 exposure panels were successfully retrieved ar.d replaced. Each month, condition of lines, shackles and iron racks were examined and repairs or replacements were made as necessary. One creosoted panel was lost due to ice or mechanical failure. This occurred at Station 11 and the panel was replaced in February, 1979. Statistical Analysis Wherever applicable, statistical analyses of the data resulting l from the panel examinations were employed using the following methods:
- .
I 1
i 4 lI
,I l A-4 i 8 TABLE A-2. RATING SCALE FOR TEREDINID AND Limnoria ATTACK lI i Teredinidae i
- No. of tubes Percent 1
per panels filled
- Attack Rating I,
i 1-5 <5 Trace !jp 6-25 26-100 5-10 11-25 Slight Moderate l 101-250 26-50 Medium heavy !g 251-400 51-75 Heavy jg >400+** 76-100 Very heavy l l
- Percent filled depends upon size of specimens present in panels
** Arbitrary number assigned to panels 76-100 percent filled.
l
- i I
i Limnorla
IE No. of tunnels Total no. lg per sq. inch of tunnels Attack Rating I ! 1 1-85 Trace l 10 86-850 Slight jl= 25 851-2125 Moderate 50 2126-4250 Medium heavy
- g
- 75 4251-6375 Heavy jg 100* 6375-8500 Very heavy Ig
- Ratings of approximately 100 per square inches indicate the maximum
!g density beyond which it is impossible to count { !I i l lI
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- f. t = ,f (
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Moderately Heavy Heavy Very Heavy I FIGURE A-4. RATING OF LIMNORID ATTACK
A-12 Tukey Statistic. The Tukey statistic is used to compare means of treatment levels once an analysis of variance test had been completed and indicates significant differences (Neter et al., 1974). The Tukey procedure is appropriate when multiple pairwise comparisons between treat-mean means are requested. The procedure uses the studentized range distribution to calculate significant differences. To test the differ-ence between the means of two levels of factor A, we use D=X,-X, i i s 2(D) - r variance of D I and T=1 q (1 - a; (n-1) ab) = Tukey statistic 2 I where I MSE is the mean square error from the analysis of variance b is the number of levels of factor B a is the number of levels of factor A n is the number of replicates at combination levels of factors A and B, and a is the significance level for the test. This leads to the confidence intervals D-Ts(D) $ pi, - pi, 1 D + Ts (D) I with the overall probability of la that all statements in the family are correct. The results are non-significant if the confidence interval includes zero. l Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient. Spearnan's coef ficient is a distribution-free test statistic which corresponds to the classical sample correlation coefficient applied to the ranking of the (X,Y) obser-vations within their respective samples (Hollander et al., 1973). The statistic is given by I 12 [R - (n+1)/2] [S1- (n+1)/2) 1 n (n - 1) ,I I
L, A-13 where Ri is the rank of Xi in the joint ranking of X 1 ,...,X n F L si is the rank of Y i in the joint ranking of Y ,...,Y 1 n n as the number of pairs. The significance of any r coefficient can be determined by comprising the quantity L r 1/2 P l-r with the Student's t distribution with n-2 degrees of freedom. [ Kendall Rank Correlation Coef ficient. Kendall's coefficient is similar to the Spearman coefficient except in the application (Hollander l et al., 1973). L If the data to be analyzed have a large number of ties in the ranks, the Kendall coefficient is more appropriate. The statistic is given by I T= 2 n-1 E n E 1,7 3,747 E(Xi , Xj, Yi , Yj)
- r. (n-1) where n = number of pairs (Xi , Y i) r I
((X , XJ , Yi , Yj) = {-1 if ib bb I i
<0 The significance of tau is determined by comparison with a normal dis-tribution with a standard deviation of [ (4n=10)/(9n2-9n)].1/2 F
L Results Teredinid summary data for the 12-month period December,1978, L through November, 1979 are presented in Tables A-3 through A-14. Since the inception of the program in 1975, the data show the absence of tere-dinids in panels removed from all stations in May and June indicating no settlemeat a f ter Oc tober. Thus, by use of a 6-month panel rotation cycle, p it is pcssible to establish the months of July thrcugh April as the season l in which borer activity occurs. Although the presence of adjacent exposure H l
TABLE A-3. SL?ciARY DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER 5-6, 1978 No. of , Size Range Remarks Site Panel Specimens- Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification 1 P 400 98 <1-95 T. navalis C 0 2 P 3 15 150-210 T. navalis C 0 4 P 1 6 180 B. pouldi C 0 .i 4A P 1 5 160 B. gouldi j C 0 1 5 P 442 75 <1-235 T. bartschi (190) Umborve larvae present ! B. gouldi (2) I C 0 > 6 P 70 10 <1-80 T. 12rtschi Umbonate larvae present 5 l C 0 7 P 400 98 <1-65 T. bartschi Umbonate larvae present C 0 1 8 P 2 20 310-360 B. gouldi I 0 C 9 P 1 8 250 B. gouldi
! C 0 4
10A P 5 28 130-230 B. gouldi 4 C 0 4 l 10B P 2 9 100-700 B. gouldi
; C 0 I
i 11 P 18 80 7-220 B. gouldi (8) I T. navalis (8) Terado spp. (1) y C 0 1 12 P 1 3 110 B. gouldi
! C 0 i
1 1 -_ _ ._
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E l TABLE A-3. Continued l No. of Size Range Site Panel Specimens , Percent Filled in nun. Species Identification Remarks i i 13 P 13 55 58-210 B. gouZdi C 0 14 P 5 20 80-160 B. gouldi C 0 17 P 2 <1 5-7 Bankia spp. C 0 1 1 Sites 3, 10, 15, 16, no Teredinidae present. P=Long-term panel, submerged June, 1978. C=Short-term panel, submerged November, 1978.
?
C , l 4 1 i i i 1 \ l l
)
i 3 I
E E E E E E E E E E E E E TABLE A-4. SDNARY DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JANUARY 9-10, 1979 No. of Size Range Site Panel Specimens- Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 400 99 8-100 T, navalia C 0 2 P 6 25 70-230 T. navalis C 0 4 P 3 8 90-105 B. gouldi C 0 5 P 650 40 <1-280 T. bartechi (73) 23% of specimens were dead ! B. aouZdi (2) 2 specimens with dead I larvae remaining l C 0 6 P 66 10 <1-35 T. bartschi 1 specimen with few dead larvae remaining C 0 ' 7 P 500 80 <l-65 T. bartschi 50% were dead 1 C 0 10 P 1 2 80 B. gouldi C 0 10A P 1 4 150 B. gouldi ! C 0 i l 11 P 8 45 105-270 B. gouldi C 0 t i 13 P 3 4 15-95 B. gouldi i C 0 l 14 P 17 80 35-205 B. gouZdi i C 0 15 P 1 3 110 B. gouldi i C 0 l l Sites 3, 4A, 8, 9, 10B, 12, 16, 17, no Teredinidae present. P=Long-term panel, submerged July, 1978. C=Short-term panel, submerged December, 1978.
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M O M M TABLE A-5.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED FEBRUARY 5-6, 1979 No. of Size Range Site Panel Specimens- Percent Filled in mm. Species Identificat~on Remarks 1 P 400 99 <l-65 T. navalis C 0 2 P 4 15 120-210 T. nava is C 0 5 P 187 5 <1-40 T. bartsen. C 0 6 P 58 8 <1-42 T. bartschi C 0 7 P 650 25 <1-46 T. bartschi C 0 11 P 1 2 85 B. gouldi C 0 [ w 13 P 2 2 43-70 B. gouldi C 0 14 P 17 30 28-120 B. gouldi C 0 15 P 1 2 75 T. navalis C 0 Sites 3, 4, 4A, 8, 9, 10, 10A, 10B, 12, 16, 17, no Teredinidae present. P=Long-term panel, submerged August, 1978. C=Short-term panel, submerged January, 1979.
f L, A-18 E TAHLF A-6
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED MARCil 6-7, 1979 l No. of Size Range Site Panel SpecimensI Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification 1 P 235 25 <1-40 30 T. navalis 205 Teredinidae* C 0 5 P 110 2 <1-3 110 Teredinidae C 0 I i l 6 P C 26 0
<1 <1-2 26 Teredinidae 7 P 30 1 <1-5 30 Teredinidae C 0 l
11 P 1 <1 16 1 T. navalis 1 _ Sites 2-4A, 8-10B, 12-17, no Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel, submerged September 6-7, 1978. C = Short-term panel, submerged February 5-6, 1979.
* = Too small for speclation.
W w A W
I 3 A-14 5 TABLE A-7.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANFT S REMOVED APRIL 4-5, 1979 I No. of Size Range Site " anal SpecimensI Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification 1 P 370 2 <l-3 C 0 I _
' lites 2-7, no Teredinidae present.
I P = Long-term panel, submerged October 3, 1978. C = Short-term panel, submerged March 7, 1979. I I TABLE A-8. I
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED liPRIL 30 AND MAY 1, 1979 I Site Panel SpecimensI No. of Percent Filled Size Range in mm. Species Identification 1-17 (No Teredinidae Present) I I I I I I
= ll \ l l l - 1 ,l l l
>ty s
k r a m 9 e 7 R 9 1 5
- n 4 o i
E t N a U c J i f D i E t V n O e M d _ E I R s S e L i E c e -. N A p P S N I E A e g D I n . N am I Rm D E R en zi E i T S F _ O E C d N e E l - D l ._ I i _ C F N t I t n n e R e s O c e F r r _. e P A P T e A a D d i _ Y R I i n A s d M f n e M oe r _ U m e _ S .i T _ oc N e o p N S 4 A E L l B e A n T a P e 7 t 1 i - S 1
! . ! i , l il l l<jIt I < '
TABLE A-10.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED JULY 9-10, 1979 I No. of bize Range Site Panel SpecimensI Percent Filled in m. Species Identification Remarks 2 P 1 <1 8 1 Teredo spp. C 2 <1 16,19 2 Ten?do spp. Pallets broken. 4 P 0 3 Teredinidae* l C 3 <1 <l-1 i 4A P 0 C 1 <1 2 1 Teredinidae 5 P 23 <1 <l-3 I C 12 <1 <l-11 1 B. gouldi; 4 Teredo spp.; 7 Teredinidae 6 P 0 j C 1 <1 2 7 P 96 1 <l-10 4 Teredo spp.; 92 Teredinidae li C 76 <1 <l-3 1 Teredo spp.; 75 Teredinidae 10 P 1 <1 1 4
. C 4 <1 <l-5 1 B. gouldi; 3 Teredinidae -
10A P 4 <1 4-12 1 B. gottldi; 3 Teredo spp. ] ! C 2 <1 1-3 ' I 0
- 10B P C 4 <1 1-7 1 B. gouldi; 3 Teredinidae 11 P 101 6 <l-42 28 B. gouldi; 19 T. navalis; 9 Teredo spp.; 45 Teredinidae 1 C 68 2 <1-7 10 B. gouldi; 18 Teredo spp.; 40 i Teredinidae I
i 12 P 0 l C 3 <1 1-2 3 Teredinidae I 13 P 4 <1 <l-2 4 Teredinidae C 8 <1 <l-2 8 Teredinidae i 1 1 4 i
_ = 1 1 4 1 TABLE A-10. Continued. No. of Size Range
- Site Panel SpecimensI Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 14 P 27 <1 < l-5 27 Teredinidae C 56 1 < l-2 56 Teredinidae 17 P 1 <1 1 C 2 <1 1-4 1 Teredo spp.; 1 Teredinidae Sites 1, 3, 8, 9, 15, 16 - no Teredinidae present.
!P = Long-term panel, submerged January 9-10, 1979 JC = Short-term panel, submerged June 4-5, 1979 l* = Too small for speciation. I b i i 1 i 4 i j i l 1 i i 1
;
i
M W W M W M M M ~M ~M M' M TABLE A-11. SLM1ARY DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED AUGUST 6-7, 1979 No. of Size Range Site Panel Specimens Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 130 15 <l-85 47 T. navalis; 83 Teredinidae* Ripening gonads. C 190 5 <1-10 17 T. navalis; 173 Teredinidae 2 P 1 1 63 1 T. navalis C 3 P 1 <1 1 1 Teredinidae C 1 <1 1 1 Teredinidae 4 P 6 <1 <1-12 1 B. pouldi; 5 Teredinidae C 0 4A P 0 C 5 <1 <l-1 5 Teredinidae 5 P 100 15 <1-135 2 B. gouldi; 17 T. bartschi; 1 T. Ripening gonads and navalis; 80 Teredinidae larvae. C 154 1 <l-4 154 Teredinidae 6 P 0 w C 4 <1 <l-1 4 Teredinidae 7 P 700 75 <l-70 160 T. bartschi; 540 Teredinidae Ripening gonads and larvae. C 2700 2 <l-3 2700 Teredinidae 9 P 1 <1 7 1 Teredo spp. C 1 <1 14 1 T. navalis 10 P 1 2 85 1 B. goulds C 0 10A P 4 2 1-65 2 B. gouldi; 2 Teredinidae C 3 <1 <l-4 1 Bankia spp.; 2 Teredinidae 10B P 1 1 65 1 B. gouldi C 2 <1 1-2 11 P 320 90 <l-130 130 B. gouldi; 160 T. navalis; Ripening gonads and 30 Teredinidae larvae. C 165 10 <l-28 40 T. navalis; 125 Teredinidae
. . _ . _ . _ . ~ . _ _ _ _ . _ - . _ _ . _ . _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _
E W W @ W W W W W W E E E E E E E I TABLE A-ll. Continued. No. of Size Range Site Panel Specimens Percent Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 12 P 5 2 1-55 2 B. gouldi; 3 Teredinidae ; C 3 <1 1-2 3 Teredinidae 13 P 11 15 10-110 11 B. gouldi i C 7 <1 <1-2 7 Teredinidae 14 P 54 35 1-105 29 B. gouldi; 2 T. navalis; 23 Teredinidae C 1 <1 <1 1 Teredinidae ' 15 P 2 <1 <1 2 Teredinidae
- C 3 <1 1-2 3 Teredinidae 17 P 1 <1 20 1 T. navalis C 1 <1 2 1 Teredinidae i Sites 8 and 16 - no Teredinidae present. y j Site 8 - panel submerged April 30, 1979. 's
) P = Long-term panel, submerged February 5-6, 1979. C = Short-term panel, submerged July 9-10, 1919. {
* = Too small for speciation.
i 1 i l i i 4 l
TAP,LP A-12.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEPIDINIDAE IN PANELS PIMOVED SEPTEMBER 10-12, 1979 No. of Percent Size Range Site Panel SpecimensI Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 450 95 5-90 450 T. navalis Many with ripening ganads and 1 larvae. C 340 15 <l-23 240 T. navalis, 100 Teredinidae 2 P 29 35 4-175 20 T. nav2!is, 9 Teredo spp. Several with ripening gonads and larvae. C 6 2 4-30 5 T. navalis, 1 Teredo spp. 3 P O C 1 <1 6 1 T. navalis 4 P 3 7 15-102 3 B. gouldi Ripening gonads. C 1 <1 8 1 B. gouldi 4A P 3 5 50-70 3 B. gouldi c 0 5 P 543 95 <1-80 3 B. gouldi, 240 T. bartschi, Ripe gon-ds and larvae. y 300 Teredinidae 3 C 494 10 <l-45 1 B. gouldi 193 T. bartschi, 300 Teredin.dae 6 P 2 <1 <1 C 33 3 <l-29 19 T. bartschi,14 Teredinidae 7 P 701 99 <1-105 500 T. bartschi, 1 T. navalis, Ripe gonads and larvae. 200 Teredinidae C 895 12 <1-68 1 B. gouldi, 44 T. bartschi, 5 T. bartschi with umbonate 850 Teredinidae larvae. 9 P 3 9 52-190 1 B. gouldi, 2 T. navalis C 0 10 P i 2 125 1 T. navalis C 1 <1 <1 10A P 42 85 6-285 23 B. gouldi, 17 T. bartschi, Ripe gonads and larvae. 2 T. navalis C 17 2 <l-36 1 B. gouldi, 6 T. bartschi, 1 T. bartschi with larvae.
, 1 T. revalis, 9 Teredinidae
(Continued) TABLE A-12. ! No. of Percent Size Range SpecimensI Species Identification Remarks Site Panel Filled in mm. 2 15 220&320 2 B. pou!di Ripening gonads. 10B P C 0 l 11 P 500 99 5-70 100 B. gouldi, 80 T. navalis, Ripening gonads and larvae. 320 Teredinidae C 145 15 <l-29 1 B. pouldi, 67 T. navalis ' 77 Teredinidae 12 P 17 30 25-185 17 B. gouldi Ripening gonads. C 7 6 25-60 7 B. gouldi 13 P 30 80 14-180 28 B. gouldi, 2 T. navalis Ripening gonads. C 1 <1 16 1 B. gouldi 14 P 78 97 20-130 66 B. gouldi, 12 T. navalis, Ripening gonads and larvae. C 12 10 11-55 12 B. gouldi l 15 P 5 5 25-80 1 B. gouldi, 3 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae C 2 <1 4-8 1 Teredo spp. ,1 Teredinidae 3 0 17 P C 3 <1 1-7 1 T. navalis, 1 Teredo spp., . 1 Teredinidae Sites 8 and 16 - no Teredinidae present. P = Long-term panel, submerged March 6-7, 1979 ! C = Short-term panel, submerged August 6-7, 1979
M M M W W W W W W W W W W W M M M W W TABLE A-13.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANELS REMOVED OCTOBER 9-10, 1979 No. of 4 Percent Size Range Site Panel Specimens- Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 500 99 6-80 500 T. navalis C 1 <1 1 2 P 23 40 40-170 23 T. navalis C 0 4 P 2 5 55-140 2 B. gouldi C 0 4A P 2 9 160-175 2 B. gouldi C 0 5 P 436 99 25-130 1 B. gouldia 35 T. bartschi, 90% of specimens dead. Umbonate 400 Teredinndae larvae present. T C 93 1 <1-6 1 T. bartschi, 92 Teredinidae Z 6 P 300 25 <1-110 64 T. bartschi, 236 Teredinidae Umbonate larvae present. C 130 1 <1-3 7 P 500 99 <1-65 100 T. bartschi, 400 Teredinidae 20% of panel missing due to heavy attack. C 27 1 <1-9 9 P 2 <1 1-29 1 T. navc.'{s, 1 Teredinidae C 0 10A P 60 85 2-280 28 B. gouldi, 20 T. bartschi, T. navalis with ripenir. gonads, 2 T. navalis, 10 Teredo spp. 1 T. bartschi uith larvae. C 32 <1 <1 10B P 6 30 90-330 5 B. gouldi,1 T. navalis C 0
M M ~~ ~ M M' M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-13. (Continued) No. of Percent Size Range Site Panel Specimens ,- Filled in mm. Speci.es Identification Remarks 11 P 400 99 4-90 150 B. goaldi, 20 T. navalis, 230 Teredinidae C 0 12 P 18 70 70-330 16 5, gouldi, 2 T. navalis, C 0 13 P 33 85 50-290 31 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis, 1 Teredinidae C 0 14 P 49 98 45-180 36 B. gouldi, 13 T. navalis Ripening gonads. C 0 17 P 3 2 10-70 3 T. navalis C 0 > Sites 3, 8, 10, 15 and 16 - no Teredinide present P = Long term panel, submerged April 4-L, 1979 C = Short-term panel, submerged September 10-12, 1979 l I l } i i
M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE A-14. SENARY DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF TEREDINIDAE IN PANEI3 REMOVED NOVEMBER 5-7, 1979 No. of Percent Size Range 4 Site Panel Specimens ,- Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 1 P 500 99 6-70 500 T. navalis C 4 <1 <1 2 P 17 18 75-165 17 T. navalis C 0 3 P 2 6 95-160 1 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis C 0 4 P 3 7 23-145 3 B. gouldi C 0 4A P 2 9 140-200 1 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis C 0 i 5 P 400 99 10-85 19 T. bartschi, 381 Teredinidae Only 1 live specimen. $ C 1 <1 <1 6 P 350 30 2-90 160 T. bartschi,190 Teredinidae Many with umbonate larvae. C 3 <1 <1 7 P 500 99 <1-80 38 T. bartschi, 462 Teredinidae None live. C 0 10 P 5 25 70-240 2 B. gouldi, 3 T. navalis 1 T. navalis dead. C 0 10A P 64 95 11-260 33 B. gouldi, 29 T. bartschi, Several T. bartschi with umbonate 2 T. navalis larvae. C 0 l
M M~ M M M M'M M M M M M M M M M M M M l TABLE A-14. (Continued) No. of Percent Size Range i Site Panel Specimens- Filled in mm. Species Identification Remarks 10B P 3 15 170-320 3 B. gouldi 1 B. gouZdi dead. C 0 11 P 400 99 8-75 6 B. gouldi, 1 T. navalis, 1 T. navalis dead, panel broken C 0 393 Teredinidae and crumbling. i 12 P 20 75 50-275 20 B. gouldi C 0 13 P 36 95 55-180 36 B. gouldi C 0 14 P 42 95 60-190 41 B. gouldi,1 T. navalis C 0 15 P 3 6 70-100 3 T. navalis C 0 h 17 P 4 8 45-110 4 T. navalis C 0 i LSites 8, 9, and 16 - no Teredinidae present. Long-term panel from Site 8 removed in August, 1979. lP = Long-term panel, submerged April 30-May 1, 1979 lC = Short-term panel, submerged October 9-10, 1979 l a
A-31 i panels offers the opportunity for reinfestation by newly-released larvae, such attack is restricted :o one season in panels operated on a six-month W cycle. Yearly panels submerged during late summer and early fall may contain specimens from two breeding seasons, as would any untreated wood submerged g nearby. A six-month rotation cycle was selected at the onset of this study because of historic evidences of severe borer attack in Barnegat Bay, indicating that our long-term panels would not last longer than six months at some locations. Teredinid Distribution and Dominance As in the past two seasons, only three species of teredinids, Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and Teredo bartschi were present in wood exposure panels removed during 1979 (Tables A-15, A-16, and A-17). A fourth species, T. furcifera, which wa3 of concern during the first years of the program has not been present in the exposure panels since the 1976 season (Table A-18). Bankia gouldi was present in panels removed from all but three locations on the west side of Barnegat Bay and was dominant at all bay stations from Waretown north (Table A-19). Bankia gouldi was present but not dominant at Oyster Creek Stations 5 and 7, and a Mantoloking, Station 15. It was co-dominant at Forked River Station 10 and one of the two specimens present in panels removed from Station 3 was Bankia gouldi. Teredo navalis was the most widely distributed of all the borers and was present in the standard panels at sixteen locations throughout the bay. It was the dominant species at Stations 1, 2, 9, 15, and 17 and was co-dominant with Bankia gouldi at Stations 3 and 10 (Table A-19). No I Teredo navalis was present in panels removed from Stations 4, 6, 8, and 16 during this period. l l E Teredo bartschi continued to be present and dominant at Oyster ' Creek Stations 5, 6, and 7 and was present for the first time in panels i removed in September, 1979 from Station 10A, Christmas Tree Lagoon. It l did not occur in panels from any of the other standard exposure panel locations (Tables A-17 and A-19). Teredo spp. and Bankia spp. refers to specimens with taxonomic characters partially lacking or too small for definitive species identi-fication. Teredo spp. were present in panels from six locations and l Bankia spp. from one 1 cation (Table A-19). I
O DUWW M W l TABLE A-15. NUMBER OF Bankia gouldi IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED JULY, 1975 THROUGH NOVDfBER, 1979 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 108 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Jul - - R Aug 2 13 - 2 42 14 - - 4 - - 387 16 100 335 1 5
$ Sep 4 51 -
988 268 - 27 - - 323 45 340 400 8 3 2 Oct 3 2 47 - 135 3 2 27 - - 374 50 399 400 4 4 1 ! Eov 1 4 4 26 - 8 100 5 2 12 - - 251 46 400 400 2 10 1 l Dec 12 9 15 - 4 18 1 1 8 - 220 18 399 400 2 1 l Jan -- 2 14 10 - 9 160 1 1 5 - - 240 22 64 400 6 1 ! Feb 2 1 5 - 2 1 1 - - 64 8 -- 8 Mar - - - Apr - - - { e by - - - ! S Jun - - - l
- Jul -
1 2 - - 4 2 ! Aug 2 - 2 2 2 1 - - 6 2 24 7 3 ! Sep 3 - 1 2 2 3 1 - - 23 5 31 11 7 >. Oct 1 - 3 1 4 1 1 1 - - 11 8 26 19 1 d, Nov 1 5 4 5 " 1 - 1 - - 33 7 20 17 2
, Dec 4 -
1 3 5 2 - - 31 6 21 10 3 Fb 2 1 1 1 - - 3 2 hr - - - ! Apr - - - l R hy - - j $ Jun - - Jul - - I Aug 1 1 3 1 - - 15 1 5 1 1 l Sep 2 1 6 4 1 1 - - 82 3 13 5
} Oct 1 3 3 7 2 - -
59 7 10 9 Nov 1 5 7 1 - - 39 7 8 5 Dec 1 4 1 7 1 2 - - 25 7 18 9 Jan 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 - - 34 5 4 6
] Feb - -
1 1 1 R Mar - -
! $ Apr
] May
- Jun
M_~M~~M~ ' M '~~^ M ~ M '^' M~~ M M M M M M M M M M M M i 4 I , 1 l TABLE A-15. (Continued) 4 I l 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 i Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 1 2 l Jul 7 1 2 1 m Aug ' 1 2 14 7 9 9; Sep 1 5 2 30 2 6 9 1
- Oct 4 1 1 10 8 13 1 1 1 2 1 3 Nov 1 2 2 1 5 2 8 1 13 5 Dec 1 2 1 1 8 3 17 1 Jan 3 1 2 17 Feb Mar Apr i os May E! Jun 1 28
" Jul 1 2 1 4 1 130 5 11 29 j Aug 3 3 1 23 2 100 17 28 66 1 Sep 3 28 5 150 16 31 36 >
Oct 2 2 1 1 3 1 -- 2 33 3 6 20 36 41 h Nov
* = New rack submerged September,1975
- = Panel station not in operation
-= Panel missing I
1 2
1 l 1 TABLE A-16 NUMBER OF Tercdo ravaZia IN LONG-TERM PANELS RD!OVED JULY, 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 l l 6 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 7* Jul - g Aug H Sep - - 3 2 87 Oct 1 1 - 2 - - 1 2 90 Nov 3 10 - 1 - - 100 1 4 Dec 17 4 3 - 156 3 103 Jan -- 5 - 1 1 - - 3 -- 7 33 Feb 60 6 - ) Mar 400 - j Apr - ] . hy - .I g Jun - i a Jul - ) Aug 37 - j Sep 423 - 1 - - 23 1 3 - - 13 8 j Oct 230 1 - 2 - - 22 17 Nov 400 - 1 - - 11 1 22 Dec 400 1 - 11 4 Jan 300 3 - 4 2 400 i Feb - i hr 1 - j s Apr l Q May - - l H Jun - ! Jul Aug Sep 160 - - 1 1 Oct 300 1 1 1 l l Nov 390 - - 6 1 I Dec 380 1 - - 1
~
Jan 400 3 2 4 l 375 1 l w Feb l @ Mar 220 - -
*Apr 2 - -
, May l Jun i I T i 1
} TABLE A-16 (Continued) 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Station 1 2 3 Jul 1 m Aug 1 1
$ Sep 115 1 Oct 329 3 2 4 Nov 430 5 '
Dec 400 3 8 Jan 400 6 1 Feb 400 4 Mar 30 1 Apr May R Jun 19
$ Jul 160 -
2 1 Aug 47 1 1 Sep 450 20 1 2 1 2 80 2 12 3 Oct 500 23 1 2 1 20 2 1 13 3 Nov 500 17 1 1 -- 3 2 1 1 3 4 l
* = New rack submerged September, 1975 >
- = Panel station not in operation h
, -- = Panel missing I I h l l l l
TABLE A-17 NUMBER OF Teredo hartschi IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED JULY, 1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Jul - - - - -
<n Aug - - - - -
S Sep - 2962 402 - - -
- Oct -
46 315 - - Nov - 392 300 - - Dec - 21 7 - - Jan - - 46 240 - - Feb - 350 398 - - -- Mar - 14 14 - - Apr - - - , My - - - R Jun - - -
$ Jul - - -
Aug - - - Sep - - - oce - - - a" Nov - 11 - - Dec - - - Ja - - - Feb - 4 - - Mar - - - Apr - - - m by - - S Jun Jul - - Aug - - Sep 1 - - l Oct 11 - - Nov 185 - - I Dec 130 - - Jan 160 - - Feb 200 - - R Mar 1 2 81 - - , $ Apr - - May Jun
_ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . . _ __._.__._m.__ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ . . _ _ . . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . . _ . . . _ _ . . . . . . _ _ _ . l M M M M M M M M M M M M_. _ M
.- M I
l I l TABLE A-17. (Continued) Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7* 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 i Jul 71
, e Aug 2 129 g Sep 91 536
- Oct 90 1 360 Nov 79 22 300
- . Dec 190 35 400 1 Jan 73 11 300
! Feb 7 18 70 Mar l Apr
. May y Jun ! H Jul Aug 17 160 l Sep 240 500 17 Oct 35 64 100 20 Y a
38 29 w Nov 1 160 -- l
\
j * = New rack submerged September,1975 ; location changed to present site, December, 1975 1 - = Panel station not in operation
- = Panel missing 1 ;
i l 1 l
- M M M M m W M M M M TABLE A-18 NUMBER OF Teredo farcifer.; 1N LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED JULY,1975 THROUGH NOVEMBER,1979
- Station 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7** 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Jul - - -
Aug 11 - - - g Sep 29 - - - - 57
- Oct 38 1 -
4 - - 26 2 30 Nov 4 13 - 1 - - 44 33 Dec - - - 80 Jan - 4 - - - 4 Feb - - - -- Mar - - - Apr - - - May - - - i e Jun - - - 3 Jul Aug , Sep - 1 - - Oct - - - i Nov - - - Dec - - - Jan Feb 1 - - - 2 Mar - - - Apr - - - May - - i g Jun - - 3 Jul Aug Sep - - Oct - - i Nov - - l DS - - R e e4 ! R R
O = No Teredo furcifera found after February, 1977 = Panel station not in operation C* = New rack submerged September, 1975 -- = Panel missing
W W W W W W W m W M M W TABLE A-19. DOMINANCE OF SPECIES OF TEREDINIDAE IN LONG-TERM PANELS DECEMBER,1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1979 i Location Bankia couldi Teredo navalis Teredo bartschi Teredo spp.* Bankia spp.* 1 / dominant / 2 / dominant / 3 / codominant ** / 4 / dominant 4A / dominant / 5 / / / dominant 6 / dominant 7 / / dominant / 8 / dominant 9 / / dominant / 10 / codominant / Y w 10A / dominant / / / 10B / dominant / 11 / dominant / / i 12 / dominant / 13 / dominant / 14 / dominant / 15 / / dominant 16 17 / dominant /
- Specimens too small or in too poor condition for speciating. ,
** Only 1 specimen of each species.
/ Species present.
A-40 Teredinid Reproduction Results from macroexaminations of teredinid specimens show that obvious gonadal development in Bankia gouldi was observed only in August and September, 1979. Ripening gonads were observed in specimens I removed in August from two locations, and in specimens removed from five locations in September (Table A-20). Teredo navalis is a larviparous species so that macroinspec-tion of reproductively-active specimens can show ripening gonads and/or presence of larvae. Reference to Table A-20 shows that reproductive I activity was taking place in panels removed from five locations in August, September, and October. Ripening gonads were observed in speci-mens removed in October, but neither ripening gonads nor larvae were present in November. Teredo bartschi, also a larviparous species, containing umbo-nate larvae were present at Oyster Creek Stations 5, 6, and 7 as late as December, 1978, but larvae did not appear again until August, 1979. Specimens with umbonate larvae were present in panels removed in August, September, and October at Station 5; in October and November at Station 6; in August and September at Station 7; and September, October, and November at Station 10A (Table A-20). Results from macroinspection of the specimens can be used to indicate seasons of the year during which obvious reproductive activity l occurs. Data to provide information on early or late gonadal develop-I ment are obtained from histological sections of gonadal tissues. These data are presented in detail in Appendix C. Settlement on Short-term Panels Short-term panels, i.e. , panels immersed for a one-month period, supply information on the amount of survival of the teredinid larvae, the season of the year when successful reproduction takes place, and the extent of development that can take place within one month. As in I previous years, all 1979 settlement in short-term panels occurred during the months of July through November (Table A-21). Hoagland and Turner l
. I A-41 i , TAlii.I? A-20. REPRODUCTIVE CONDITION OF TEREDINIDS IN LONG-TERM PANELS FROM DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGli NOVEMBER,1979 i,
=___ =- . - - - - -
Ripening, Gonads Larvae Bankia Terado Terado _Teredo Teredo Month gauldi navalla bartschi navalia bartschi December 5,6,7
- January February March April j May June July August 5*,11 1,5 7 11 5,7 l September 5,10A, 1 7 1,10A,11, 5,7,10A 11,12,14 14 October 10A,14 5,6,10A November 6,10A
- Numbers indicate panel stations.
4 4 I lI l I I
;
.?
A-42 TABLE A-21 NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED MONTHLY DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979* !I a l Site Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total # 7. Total Ic 1 190Tn 340Tn 1 4 535 9.31 44.59 107.82 2 2T 6Tn,T 8 .14 .67 1.78 3 1 1nT 2 .03 .17 .39 4 3 1gB 4 .07 .33 .89 I AA 5 1 12 g,T B 5 154 494 g,Tb B 93Tb 1 6 754
.10 13.12
.50 62.83 1.45 144.34 6 1 4 33 Tb 130 3 171 2.97 14.25 37.63 7 76T 2700 895B g,Tb 27Tb 3698 64.34 308.17 795.32 8 0 0 0 0 9 1nT 1 .02 .08 .29 10 4SB 1 5 .09 .42 1.17 10A 2 3B 17B g,Tb,Tn 32 71 1.26 5.92 10.86 B
10B 48 2 6 .10 .50 1.24 11 66 B g,T 165Tn 145B g,Tn 378 6.58 31.50 61.03 ' B 12 3 3 7g 13 .23 1.08 2.19 B 13 8 7 1g 16 .28 1.33 2.90 14 56 1 12BE 69 1.20 5.75 16.19 ! 15 3 2T 5 .09 .42 .99 16 0 0 0 0 17 2T 1 3Tn,T 6 .10 .50 1.00 i I o Short-term panels removed December, 1978, through June, 1979 were free of Teredinidae. i Bg - Bankia gouldi B - Bankia spp. Tb - Teredo bartschi Tn - Terado navalis T - Teredo spp. l l l
A-43 (1977) and floagland et al. (1978) observed similar settlement patterns for 1976, 1977, and 1978*. During the 1979 season (June through November), settlement on short-term panels occurred at more locations than in the 1976-1978 sea-sons, and the overall amount of settlement was the greatest since 1975 (Table A-22). Settlement generally was heaviest in August, and none occurred after November. The seasonal settlement pattern has remained unchanged throughout the study. Settlement at the Inlet, Station 1,was considerably less than I that in 1975, 1976, and 1978, but similar to that in 1977. In the short-term panels, the largest number (340) of larvae settled in September. Young specimens of Terado navalis were present in both August and Sep-tember short-term panels (Table A-21). There was an increase in settlement at Oyster Creek Stations 5, 6, and 7. Settlement was present in panels removed from July through October, and seasonal counts of 754, 171, and 3,698 respectively, were recorded from these stations. Specimens of Teredo barbschi were identi-fied in September and October. Bankia gouldi also were present in the September panels from Stations 5 and 7. Although Bankia was present in Oyster Creek, the increase in settlement is mainly attributed to the in-creased nambers of Teredo bartschi. There was a significant settlement increase in 1979 at Station 11, mouth of Forked River, f rom that of 1976-1978. A seasonal total of 378 entrances is comparable to that which occurred in 1975. Bankia gouldi were identified in July and September, and Teredo navalis were identified in August and September. No settlement occurred after Sep-tember at this location. A significant increase in settlement since 1975 E place at llolly Park, Station 14. Settlement occurred in July, August, and Septem-ber short-term panels with a total of 69 entrances. All 12 specimens in the September panels were Bankia gouldi.
- Due to time lag in NRC report processing, no data were available for I 1979 comparisons.
I p-44 l 1 J n' j I TABLE A-22. TOTAL AMOUNT OF TEREDINID SETTLEMENT IN SIIORT-TERM PANELS BY SEASONS 4 a site 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 i 1 8199 1090 654 1015 535 l 8 2 17 2 1
- I 3 9 2 4 6 2 3 4 4A 6
5 4562 2 4 75 754 6 2886 1 15 171 i 7 4 3 241 2983 3698 8 1 4 i 9 . 1 1 10 2 2 5 10A 1 54 l ! 10B 6 11 375 71 28 5 378 1 12 34 1 5 1 13 13 142 10 9 4 16 l 14 308 20 8 8 69 15 3 5 l 16 2 17 117 3 6 i s Totals 16667 1207 957 4108 5731 l
~
1 1
I
i A-45 The other three stations (12, 13, and 15) north of Forked River showed settlement in the July, August, and September panels and Bankia gouldi were identified from Station 12 and 13 in the September I panels. Settlement occurred in July, August, and September panels at each of the four stations south of Oyster Creek. Specimens of Peredo navalis were present in the September panels from Stations 2 and 3, and Bankia gouldi was present at Station 4. One Teredo navalis was in the August panel removed from Station 9, Forked River Railroad Bridge, but no other settlement took place at this location. Settlement was light at Station 10, north branch of Forked River. Only a total of five specimens was observed in the July and I September panels. One Bankia gouldi was identified from the July panel. Settu ant at Station 10B, canal outlet to Forked River, occurred only in July and August panels. Of the six entrances, one con-tained a specimen sufficiently developed for identification, and that one was Bankia gouldi. Settlement at Station 10A, Christmas Tree Lagoon, took place I from July through OctrGer. The greatest amount of shipworms, 32, was present in the October panel. Of the 17 specimens settling in the September panel, one Bankia gouldi, one Teredo navalis, and six T. bartschi (one with umbonate larvae) were identified. At Station 17, Island Beach State Park, two teredinids were present in July and one in August. Of the three entrances in the September panel, one contained a Teredo navalis. No settlement took place at Station 8, Oyster Creek Railroad Bridge, or at Station 16, Seaside. Panel exchange is accomplished during the first part of each month so the short-term panels reflect the amount of teredinid activity of the previous month. From the short-term panel data, it may be seen that teredinid settlement began in June and continued through October, i l I
A-46 The greatest amount of settlement took place in July and August. No Bankia settlement was observed after August (September panel). Destruction to Short-term Panels The amount of destruction to the short-term panels removed from December, 1978, through November, 1979 is shown in Table A-23. No attack was present in any shcrt-term panels removed December, 1978, through June, 1979. More than half (52) of the 100 short-term panels removed during this period showed teredinid attack. The 1979 attack was present at 18 ~ of 20 exposure locations an/ was considerably greater than that of 1978 which occurred only at 10 .f 20 locations. Of the 52 short term panels with attack, 25 percent had greater than one percent destruct.on. Six of these panels had ten percent or greater destruction. The greatest amount of destruction (15 percent) was to panels removed in September from Stations 1 and 11. The percent destruction at I these locations was also high (five and ten percent, respectively) in the panels removed in August. Twelve percent destruction was present in the September panels from Station 7, and ten percent destruction occurred I in September panels from Stations 5 and 14. The destruction was not due to any one teredinid species. Terado navalis was the destructive agent at Station 1, Bankia gouldi at Station 14, and both species at Station
- 11. Tercuo bartschi caused the greatest destruction at Stations 5 and 7.
Six percent destruction occurred in the September panel from
; Station 12. The short-term penel removed from Station 6 in September sustained three percent dest' .ction Two percent destructic,n occurred in the July panel from Station 11, the August panel from Station 7, and the September panels from Stations 2, 10A, and 11.
The remaining 39 short-term panels with attack had one percent or less destruction and were from all panel locacions except Stations 8 and 16. I
A-47 TABLE A-23 PERCENT OF SHORT-TERM PANELS F1LLED WITH TEREDINIDAE REMOVED MONTHLY FROM DECEMBER, b 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979* Site Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov x a 1 5 15 <1 <1 4.4 6.23 2 <1 2 0.6 0.89 3 <1 <1 0.4 0.55 4 <1 <1 0.4 0.55 4A <1 <1 0.4 0.55 5 <1 1 10 1 <1 2.8 4.02 6 <1 <1 3 1 <1 1.4 0.89 7 <1 2 12 1 3.2 4.97 8 0.0 0.00 9 <1 0.2 0.45 10 <1 <1 0.4 0.55 10A <1 <1 2 <1 1.0 0.71 0.4 0.55 I 10B 11
<1 2
<1 10 15 5.4 6.77
)
12 <1 <1 6 1.6 2.51 13 <1 <1 <1 0.6 0.55 14 1 <1 10 2.4 4.28 15 <1 <1 0.4 0.55 16 0.0 0.00 17 <1 <1 <1 0.6 0.55 I
- Teredinids were not present in short-term panels removed from December, 1978, through June, 1979.
I B . l I
I I A-48 Table A-24 shows that destructic. to short-term panels was greater and more widespread in 1979 than in 1976-1978, but not as severe as in 1975. Destruction to Long-term Panels I Since this study originated in 1975, the lack of teredinid settlement in long- or short-term panels removed during the months of I December through June has established that attack in long-term panels for each season is caused by that season's generation of marine borers. The amount of destruction is determined by the percent of the panel filled with Teredinidae and is not directly proportional to the number of specinens present. The percent destruction to long-term panels for 2 last half of the 1978 season and the first half of the 1979 season is presented in Table A-25. Table A-26 shows the number of teredinids present in each long-term panel during this time period. Graphic representation of the percent destruction to long-term panels from 1975-1979 may be found in Figure A-5. All long-term panels were exposed for six-months with one exception. The panel removed in August, 1979 from Station 8 was exposed for three months. Long-term panels removed December, 1978, through April, 1979 showed the amount of destruction which occurred during the last half of the 1978 teredinid season. The December panels from Stations 1 and 7 were 98 percent destroyed (Table A-25). The destruction was caused by
]
Teredo navalis at Station 1 and primarily by Teredo bartschi at Station )
- 7. The 75 percent destruction at Station 5 was due to heavy attack by )
Teredo bartschi while the 55 and 80 percent destruction at Stations 13 and 11, respectively, was caused by Bankia gouldi. Moderate destruction ] by Teredo navalis occurred at Station 2, by Taredo bartschi at Station 6, I and by Bankia gouldi at Stations 8 and 14 (Figure A-5). A slight attack by Bankia gouldi was present at Stations 4, 4A, 9, and 10B. Trace attack occurred at Stations 12 and 17. I
l A-49 TABLE A-24 MEAN PERCENT DESTRUCTION BY SEASONS TO SHORT-TERM PANELS REMOVED JULY THROUGH NOVEMBER l lI ! Station 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 13.0 3.6 2.8 1.6 4.4 l 2 1.0 0.4 0.2 0.6 3 0.4 0.4 4 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4 i 4A - - 0.4 5 14.0* 0.2 0.4 0.6 2.8 6 11.6 0.2 0.8 1.4 f j ur 7 1.0* 0.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 I 8 0.3* 0.2 9
- 0.2 0.2 l 10 0.4 0.2 0.4 10A - - -
0.2 1.0 1 10B - - - 0.4
\
11 9.2 1.0 0.4 0.2 5.4 12 2.0 0.2 0.4 0.2 1.6 , 13 3.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.6 14 11.2 0.6 0.4 0.4 2.4
< 15 0.6 0.4 16 0.2
! 17 3.8 0.4 0.6 Station 4A established April, 1977. Stations 10A and 10B established April, 1978. }I l
* - Incomplete data.
il
il it
E_ E E E E E E E E E E E E E _ _E_E_E _E TABLE A-25. PERCENT OF LONG-TERM PANELS FILLED WITH TEREDINIDAE, SUBMERGED JUNE, 1978, THROUGH MAY, 1979 AND REMOVED SEQUENTIALLY DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Submerged Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Site Removed Dec Jan Feb Far Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov x o 1 98 99 99 25 2 <1 15 95 99 99 52.58 48.15 2 15 25 15 1 35 40 18 12.50 14.62 3 <1 6 0.58 1.73 4 6 8 <1 7 5 7 2.83 3.41 4A 5 5 9 9 2.33 3.65 5 75 40 5 2 <1 15 95 99 99 35.92 43.30 6 10 10 8 <1 <1 25 30 7.08 10.40 7 98 80 25 1 1 75 99 99 99 48.08 46.63 8 20 * ** 1.82 6.03 . 9 8 <1 9 <1 1.58 3.26 j; ! 10 2 <1 2 2 25 2.68 7.09 10A 28 4 <1 2 85 85 95 25.00 39.06 10B 9 1 15 30 15 5.83 9.65 11 80 45 2 <1 6 90 99 99 99 43.42 46.07 a 12 3 2 30 70 75 15.00 28.18 55 <1 15 80 85 95 28.08 38.68 ) 13 4 2 14 20 80 30 <1 35 97 98 95 38.00 42.25 15 3 2 <1 5 6 1.42 2.15 16 0.00 0.00 17 <1 <1 <1 <1 2 8 1.08 2.28 i. )
- Panel submerged April 30, 1979.
** No panel removed.
3
E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E TABLE A-26 NUMBERS OF TEREDINIDS IN LONG-TERM PANELS SUBMERGED JUNE,1978, THROUGH MAY, 1979 AND REMOVED SEQUENTIALLY DECElBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Fby Submerged Jun Jul Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total # % Total 2 o Site Removed Dec Jan Feb 130 450 500 500 3385 24.54 282.08 199.24 1 400 400 400 235 370 1 1 29 23 17 84 0.61 7.00 10.15 2 3 6 4 1 2 3 0.02 0.25 0.62 3 6 3 2 3 18 0.13 1.50 1.93 4 1 3
, 3 2 2 8 .06 .67 1.07 4A 1 23 100 543 436 400 2891 20.96 240.92 238.16 5 442 650 187 110 2 300 350 872 6.32 72.67 121.52 6 70 66 58 26 96 700 701 500 500 4077 29.55 339.75 292.15 7 400 500 650 30
* ** 2 .01 .18 .60 3, 8 2 1 3 2 7 .05 .58 1.00h 9 1 1 1 1 5 9 .07 .75 1.42 10 1 4 4 42 60 64 180 1.30 15.00 24.90 10A 5 1 1 2 6 3 14 .10 1.17 1.85 10B 2 101 320 500 400 400 1741 12.62 145.08 197.76 11 18 8 1 1 5 17 18 20 61 .44 5.08 8.14 12 1 4 11 30 33 36 132 .96 11.00 13.99 13 13 3 2 27 54 78 49 42 289 2.10 24.08 26.18 14 5 17 17 2 5 3 12 .09 1.00 1.60 15 1 1 0 .00 0.00 0.00 16 1 1 3 4 11 .08 .92 1.38 17 2
- Panel submerged April 30, 1979.
co No panel removed.
I A-52 I I I I "Y s'e rc en t Destruction I , 76-100 Very lleavy 51-75 __ 26-50 Heavy Moderately lleavy I :j 11-25 6-10 1-5 Moderate Slight Trace 3 I I I I I I
- l i
l FIGURE A-5. PERCENT TEREDINID DESTRUCTION OF LONG-TERM EXPOSURE PANEI.S FROM JULY, 1975, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 lI l !I I I
E__ E,, E_ E E E E E E E E E E E E E E_,_E._ E
; Inlet I
l l i . lManahawkin I l i r ]Barnegat l Y 'Waretown I, 4 i lioliday Not Sainpled Not Sampled lliarbor i i I JAS0NDJFMA JAS0NDJ FMA JAS0N JAS0NDJFMA JAS0NDJFMA 1979 19/6-77 1977-78 1978-79 l 1975-76 (Manths) l
- FIGURE A-5. (continued) i
E E E E E W E E E E E E E E E E '~l I ' i Oyster Creek Mouth , ' Oyster Creek Lagoon i' -l Oyster Creek
.i.:. .:::
i 3 { O.C. RR , Bridge i }
Forked River RR Bridge i j JAS0NDJFMA JASONDJFMA JAS0NDJFMA JASONDJFMA JASON j 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978 -79 1979 I (Months) l 1 l FIGURE A-5. (continued) i f
, E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E Forked River . North Branch l c.- Xmas Tree Not Sampled Not Sampled Not Sampled lagoon Forked River Not Sampled Not Sampled Not Sampled Beach Blvd. 5
~'
si$f
.:.:;.:-
Forked River ' sq$ ..
- i:3:::
(::.:
!:iss i::
Stouts Creek JAS0NDJFMA JASONDJFMA JAS0NDJFMA JAS0NDJ FMA JASON 1976-77 1977-78 1978-79 197 1975-76 (Months)
- FICliRE A-5. (continued)
I 6
' Cedar Creek i
; Holly Park iMantoloking
?
Y
- Seaside i
i l I , Island Beach IPark 1 i j .IAS0NDJFMA JAS0NDJFMA .1 AS0 N D .1 FMA .I A S O '; D J F M \ J ASoN 1 1975-76 1976-77 1977-78 1978 -79 1979 (Months) FIGURE A-5. (continued) i i i
I A-57 I i Panels removed in January, 1979 showed 99 percent destruction I at Station 1 (Teredo navalis), 80 percent at Station 7 (Terado bartachi), I and 80 percent at Station 14 (Bankia gouldi). Forty-five percent destruc-tion by Bankia gouldi occurred at Station 11, and 40 percent destruction by Teredo bartschi at Station 5. Teredo navalis attack was rated moder-ate at Station 2. Trace to light attack was present in panels removed from Stations 4, 6, 10, 10A, 13, and 15. t The rate of attack was still heavy in the February long-term panel from Station 1, and was moderate to trace at Stations 2, 5, 6, 7, I 11, 13, 14, and 15. The Starch long-term panels had a moderate attack at Station 1 and trace attack at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 11 indicating that l teredinid settling was still occurring in September when these panels l were submerged. . Trace attack was present in the long-term panel removed in ( April at Station 1. This is consistent with findings for previous years at this location. Since no settlement occurs on panels submerged in November and removed by June, all teredinid attack in long-term panels removed July through November, 1979 are of the 1979 season (Table A-25) . Trace attack was present in the July panels from 45 percent l (9) of the exposure sites. Of these, six were located north of Oyster Creek. At the August removal, attack was widespread and was present at all but four locations, Stations 4A, 6,8, and 16. The long-term panel i l removed from Station 8 had been exposed only three months, but because the initial exposure preceeded the 1979 teredinid season, the data obtained ' I from this panel are considered valid. At Station ll, the panel was 90 I percent destroyed by Bankia gouldi and Teredo navalis. Teredo bartschi caused 75 percent destruction at Station 7, and Bankia gouldi caused 35 percent destruction at Station 14. Moderate destruction (15 percent) c' occurred at Stationa 1 and 13. At Station 1 Teredo navalis was respon-sible and at Station 13 it was Bankia gouZdi. The 15 percent destruction u e I
I E A-58 I at Station 5 was caused by three species; Teredo navalis, T. bartcchi, and B. gouldi. Trace attack was present at the remaining ten stations (Table I A-25). By September, 80-99 percent destruction occurred at seven loca-tions: Stations 1, 5, 7, 10L, 11, 13, and 14. Thirty to 35 percent destruction occurred at Station 2 and 12, while panels from Stations 4, I 4A, 6, 9, 10, 10B, 15, and 17 were less that 15 percent destroyed. No attack was present in panels from Stations 3, 8, or 16. Teredo navalis v.s the only species present at Stations 1, 2, 10, and 17, but was present with Bankia gouldi at Stations 9, 10A, 11, 13, 14, and 15. Bankia gouldi was the only species present at Stations 4, 4A, 10B, and 12. Teredo bartachi was present in addition to the other two species (Tables A-15, A-16, A-17) at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 10A. This was the first occurrence of Tcredo bartachi in any of our panels from locations outside of Oyster Creek. Panels removed in October and November showed similar patterns with a slight increase in percent destruction at most locations. Table I A-25 shows that there was a significant increase in Bankia gouldi attack at Station 12 during this period. I Wherever possible in this report, comparisons of the amount of destruction during this reporting period were made with the amounts of I destruction during the previous seasons. Data for " cumulative" panels removed in 1975 during the first five months of the program were included because all the panels were submerged at the onset of the borer breeding season, and because the borer attack was so severe in the 1975 season. To omit this data would present a distorted view of the comparison of the destruction over the four and a half seasons. A two-factor analysis of variance was performed to determine if percent destruction to the panels by teredinids was significantly differ-ent at any of the exposure panel stations since the program was initiated in 1975. Data for panels removed April through July of each year were omitted due to absences of, or insufficient attack (Table A-27). The re-I sults show that there are differences due to month (a 5 .001) and differences I
i A-50 l l TABLE A-2 7. TWO FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF THE PERCENT DESTRUCTION OF LONG-TERM PANELS BY MONTl!S* AND STATIONS FOR THE PERIOD AUGUST, 1975, THROUCl! NOVEMBER, 1979 Sum of Mean Significance l Source of Variation Squares DF Squares F of F Station Effects 219885 19 11572.9 16.524 5.001 Month Effects 93660 7 13380.0 19.104 5.001
- I Month / Station 90433 133 679.9 .971 . 5 74 **
Interaction I Error 355788 508 700.4 Total 757821 667
* = Panels removed April through July omitted due t lack of significant data.
** = Not significant.
I I I I I I I B
I I A-60 due to station effects (a f .001). There were no station-month inter-actions present (a f .574) so station means may be directly compared. The amount of destruction to the panels was significantly great-er at Station 1 (Figure A-6) than at the other stations. At Station 11, the destruction to the panels was less than at Station 1, but not signi-ficantly different from Stations 5 and 7 which are in the thermal dis-charge, and Stations 12 (control station),13, and 14 which are beyond the influence of the thermal discharge. There was no significant differ-ence (a= .05) in destruction to the panels among the remaining stations. As in previous seasons, an attempt was made to relate the per-cent destruction of the long-term panels to the water quality parameters. Average values of water temperature, pH, salinity, and oxygen content I were calculated for each six-month exposure of the long-term panels (Tables B-35 through B-38). These values were then examined versus the percent destruction. There was no relationship between the percent des-t ruction and any of the water quality parameters. The mean percent attack by seasons for 1975-1979 and the first I half of the 1979 season is presented in Table A-28. The results show that attack declined in 1976 and 1977 but has increased in 1979 at all stations except 8 and 16. The 1979 attack is not as heavy as that in 1975 except at Stations 11 and 14. The 1979 increase in attack is through-out the bay and is not attributable to a population increase of any one species. These means were used to rank the stations in descending order according to amount of destruction (Table A-29). Stations 1, 11, 13, and 14 ranked in the top third each season, and Station 7 ranked in the top third from 1976 through 1979. It is probable that Station 7 also would I have ranked in the top third in 1975 if the exposure arrays had not been disturbed. Station 11 ranked number one for the 1979 season due to in-creased destruction by Bankia gouldi and Teredo navalis. Stations 1, 13, and 14 are beyond the influence of the thermal discharge, and at Station 11 recirculation of the water from Oyster Creek to Forked River is infre-quent (Woodward-Clyde, 1975). The rank of Station 7 increased with in-creased populations of Terado bartschi in Oyster Creek. I
100-1 80 - E .i I " l 8 w M 60 -
! S O
_ Y u 2 t . .. g .. g 40 - ,, O O l .. g .. J O .. 20 - .. o O O .. O O o ,, 0 Y U U j l I i l l 1 1 I I i l I i l i 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Station i FIGURE A-6. MEAN PERCENT DESTRUCTION AND INTERVAL OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE (a=.05) FOR LONG-TERM l PANELS REMOVED FROM AUGUST,1975, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1979* AT Tk'ENTY EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY. Stations 4A, 10A, and 10B installed in 1977 and 1978. t
* = Except April through July of each year due to absence of or extremely low attack.
L [
~
A-62 TABLE A-?8. MEAN PERCENT TEREDINID DESTRUCTION BY SEASON AND STATION
- Station 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 72.7* 61.1 58.8 52.7 61.8 2 23.7 0.4 1.1 8.8 18.8 3 15.4 0.1 0.9 0.0 1.4 4 33.0 5.1 1.3 2.6 4.0 5 67.9 7.2 9.9 21.9 61.8 6 65.1 3.1 0.9 4.7 11.2 7 2.1* 18.1 36.5 53.0 74.5 8 3.5* 7.4 2.1 3.3 0.0*
9 2.3* 1.1 1.4 0.8 2.2 10 23.7 1.6 3.3 0.2 6.0 11 64.5 24.5 43.1 24.7 78.5 12 39.6 15.7 12.4 0.8 35.4 W 13 57.2* 38.2 24.9 13.7 55.2 14 56.3 32.4 19.2 24.3 65.2 15 15.4 5.1 0.5 0.7 2.4 16 6.6 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 l 17 44.4 8.5 0.8 1.8 2.6 4A - - 3.1 0.6 4.6 10A - - - 8.0 53.6 10B - - - 2.4 12.2 I * = Incomplete data.
- = Panel not exposed. I 1
1975: July, 1975-April, 1976 1976: July, 1976-April, 1977 1977: July, 1977-April, 1978
- 1978: July, 1978-April, 1979 fI 1979: J uly, 1979-Novembe r , 1979 l
I l l _ _ . _ _ . _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ _ . _ . . . . _ _ . . _ . . _ . , _ , . _ . - ...,..-___,_.,_.._._,_..)
I j A-63 i TABLE A-29 RANK OF STATIONS IN DESCENDING ORDER OF l TEREDINID ATTACK
- l I
1 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979** 1 1 1 7 11 l 5 13 11 1 7 6 14 7 11 14 i 11 11 13 14 1 1 14 7 14 5 5 13 12 12 13 13 i 5 2 10A l < 17 17 10 10A 12 12 8 4A 6 2 i ! 4 5 8 8 10B 10 4 9 4 6 2 15 4 10B 10 3 6 2 17 4A j __________________________________ ______________________ ! 9 4 i 15 10 3 12 17 l i i 16 9 6 15 15 8 2 17 4A 9 l 9 3 15 10 3 7 16 16 3 8 16 16 I * = From mean percentages, Table A-28.
** = lialf season.
I ,I !I
I I A-64 Station 16 always ranked in the lower third, Stations 3, 9, and 15 were ranked in the lower third in four of five seasons. The greatest decrease in teredinid attack occurred between the 1975 and 1976 season following a severe winter. The outage of the generating station from December 26, 1975 to March 11, 1976, followed by removal of the trash wood and marinas from Oyster Creek may also have had a substantial effect on the teredinid populations. The increase in attack that occurred during 1979 I is attributed to natural cyclic population increase since the increase occurred throughout the bay and was caused by three species, and no other environmental factors appear t- play a role. Mortality Mortality here refers to the number of tubes in the panels found empty or containing dead specimens. During the last half of the 1978 teredinid season, mortality occurred only at Stations 5 and 7, and I only in the January panels. Mortality increased during the 1979 season both in amount and in station occurrence. Long-term panels removed July through November showed some mortality at six locations, but the heaviest amount, >90 percent, took place in October and November at Stations 5, 7, and 11 (Table A-30). In the first half of the 1979 teredinid seascn, mortality in the panels was first observed in September, 1979 at Station 11. Fifty percent of the Bankia gouldi, Teredo navalis, and juvenile teredinids too small to be identified to species were dead. Half of the juveniles in the October panel also were dead, but all specimens of Bankia gouldi and Teredo nav;1is (Tables A-15, A-16) were live. Ninety-eight percent of the specimene s a the. November panel were dead. One was a Teredo navalis 1 and the rest juveniles. All F_nkia gouldi specimens (six) were live. At Station 5, Oyster Creek, the October panel was riddled with juveniles, all dead, but one live Bankia gouldt and 35 live Teredo bartschi I were present. All juveniles and 18 out of 19 Teredo bartschi in the November panel were dead. I Heavy mortality occurred at Station 7 in both October and November panels. All juveniles and all but two Teredo bartschi were dead.
i l 1 f lI, A-65 i l TABLE A-30 . TEREDINt2 MORTALITY IN LONG-TERM PANELS REMOVED FROM EXPOSURE DECEMBER,1978, TilROUGil NOVEFBER,1979 l __. Teredo Total Total
- Date Bankia Teredo l
bartschi Teredinidac' Dead Specimens j Removed Station gouldi navalia I 19/73 146/575 165 650* l l 1/10/79 5 I 150/300 150 500* a 1/10/79 7 160/320 250 500* j 9/11/79 11 50/100 40/80 400/400 400 436* . ! 10/10/79 5 l l 10/10/79 10/10/79 11 7 98/100 400/400 115/230 498 115 500* 400* 18/19 381/381 399 400* 11/6/79 5 38/38 462/462 500 50G* 11/6/79 7 1 5 1/3 3 4 I 11/6/79 11/6/79 10 10B 1/3 393/393 1 394 3 400* 1 11/6/79 11 1/1 1 1 4 i 11/5/79 17 1/4 Dead / Total of each species.
- Very heavy attack present-portions of panel broken and missing.
I I I I I 'I
E A-66 The only other mortality in the panels occurred in November when one Terado navalis at each of Stations 10 and 17, and one Bankia gouldi at Station 10B were dead. Hydrological conditions were not unusual in the Fall of 1979, and the temperature drop in October and November was normal. Since the greatest amount of mortality occurred at Stations 5, 7, and 11, and was confined primarily to large numbers of juvenile teredinids, it is believed that much of the mortality was the result of overcrowding and weak speci-mens unable to survive lower temperatures. The possibility that some mortality may be due to pathological conditions is discussed in Appendix C. .I Length of Teredinids Sizes (lengths) of teredinid specimens are a measure of the amount of growth that takes place within a specified time frame regard-less of the species present or the number that successfully enter the wood. Comparisons of lengths have been made with lengths reported in previous seasons as a matter of interest since these size ranges could result from individual variability rather than related to any other parameter (Table A-31). Table A-31 gives the length in millimeters of the longest teredinid roorded each month in par.als removed December, 1978, through November, 1979. The lengibs of teredinids in panels removed December,1978, tirough April, 1979 reflect growth during the 1978 season. The longest (230 mm) Terado navalis was recorded in January, 1979 at Station 2, and specimens 210 mm long were present in panels removed in December, 1978 and February, 1979. The longest Bankia gouldi (450 mm, Station 8) and the longest Teredo bartschi (110 mm, Stations 7) were in panels removed in November, 1978 and were previously reported (Richards et al., 1979). During the 1979 teredinid season, a 175 mm specimen was present in the September panel from Station 2, but the longest (240 mm) Teredo navalis was in the November long-term panel from Station 10. Since the 1979 teredinid set did not start until after the June panels were re-I moved, this growth occurred within a three- and five-month period, I
i I A-67 j I TABLE A-31 . LONGEST (MILLIMETER) TEREDINID RECORDED EACH MONTH IN EXPOSURE PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 I SEP OCT NOV Site DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG . Long-term l' 8 85 90 80 70 1 95 100 65 40 3 63 175 170 165 < 2 210 230 210 1 160 l 3 4 12 102 140 145 1 I 4 180 105 70 175 200 l 4A 160 85 40 3 135 80 130 l 5 235 280 3
<1 110 90 l 6 80 35 42 2 10 70 105 65 80 65 65 46 s
!E 7 8 360 {g 29 9 250 7 190 { 85 125 240 80 1 1 10 12 65 285 280 260 ] 10A 230 150 65 320 330 320
! 10B 170 85 16 42 130 70 90 75 11 220 270 l 110 55 185 330 275 12 jl=
l 13 210 95 70 2 110 180 290 180 190 160 205 120 5 105 130 180 14 75 <1 80 100 ilo lEl 15 16 13 1 20 70 110 l 17 7 Short-term 1 10 23 1 <1 1 19 30 2 1 6
} 3 j 1 8 4 ; 2 1 4A 11 4 45 6 <1 ll 5 lE 6 2 1 29 3 <1 3 3 68 9 7
ll lW 8 9 5 14
<1 l 10 3 4 36 <1 10A f 2 lg 3 10p 7 7 28 29 11 ;
2 2 60
! 12 2 2 16 i 13 2 1 55 14 l 2 8 15 !E 16 4 2 7 l5 i
17 l c Panel submerged 3 months.
** No panel removed.
A-68 respectively. Teredo navalia in short-term panels from Station 11 attained lengths of 28 mm in the August and September panels, and a I length of 30 mm in the September panel removed from Station 2. This growth is double that of 1978, but similar to that in the 1977 Septem-ber panel at Station 1, and to that recorded for the month of September by Tsunoda and Nishimoto, 1978. A 100 mm Teredo bartschi was present in the September long-term panel at Station 10A, and a 90 mm specimen in the November long-term panel ream,ved from Station 6. Hoagland et al. (1979) reported i a 105 mm specimen in a December cumulative panel. Twenty to 30 mm
'pecimens were obtained from the September short-term panels at Stations 5, 6, and 7. This amount of growth is similar to that we re-ported for the 1978 season.
The largest Bankia gouldi were 320-330 mm specimens retrieved from September through November long-term panels at Stc : ions 10B and 12. In short-term panels, the largest (68 mm) specimen was present in the September panel at Station 7. Bankia growth in short-term panels was less in the 1979 season than that repo~ed by Turner (1973) or by Richards et al. (1976). Lir:noria As in previous years, the occurrence of Limnoria in exposure panels from Barnegat Bay is restricted to the Inlet and locations in the bay south of Oyster Creek, Stations 1 through 4A. Tables A-32 through I A-35 present the numbers present each month from December, 1978, through November, 1979. Limnoria tripunctata was the only species present. April and May panels from all five locations were free of Limnoria (Table A-36). Except at Station 3, gravid females were present in July, August, and September long-term panels, and juveniles were pre-sent in August, September, and October long-term panels from these 3ceations. From Figure A-7, it may be seen that the Limnoria attack at the Inlet, Station 1, is lighter than in 1977 and 1978. The 1979 attack I
[ A-69 TABLE A-32.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF Limnoria tripunctaba p IN PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER, 1978, JANUARY AND L FEBRUARY, 1979 January February Dece dj;r, No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Site Panel Tunnels Specimens Tunnels Specimens Tunnels Specimens 54 31 10 1 17 11 1 P 0 0 0 0 0 0
- C
- 2 P 1100 1000 37 35 68 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 C
50 0 0 0 0 I 4 P 83 0 0 0 C 0 0 0 850 900 4 1 2 1 4A P I 0 0 0 0 0 0 C
Sites 3, 5-17, no Limnoria present. I Juveniles present at Sites 2, 4, 4A in December, 1978.
I 1 l i
I :
4 I 1
I I l - A-70 i ( i I i TABEL A-33. SUMMnRY DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF Lin:noria IN PANELS REMOVED, MARCil, APRIL, AND MAY, 1979 No. of No. of
~
Month Site Panel Tunnels Specimens Identification
, March 1 P 8 6 L. tripunctata C 0 March 2 P 2 2 L. tripunctata 1 C 0 March 3-17 No Lirnoria present 1
J E April 1-17 No Limnoria present l l May 1-17 No Limnoria present 4 1 !I lI 1 i
!I i 4 _ - - - - - - -
l il i A-71 l 1 TAllLE A-34
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF Limnoria tripunctata IN PANELS i REMOVED JUNE, JULY, AND AUGUST, 1979 l July August June J No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
- g Specimens **
Site Panel Tunnels Specimens Tunnels Specimens
- Tunnels lg l
1 P 11 12 24 29 48 61 l' 1 5 6 0 0 C 3 2 P 93 115 345 550 410 435 C 36 31 11 19 8 9 3 P 0 0 0 0 13 12 C 0 0 0 0 0 0
- B
- 4 P 19 18 51 30 110 130 C 0 0 5 2 0 0
] as
- 4A P 46 59 186 260 2500I 3000I C 0 0 0 0 14 9 +;
a f; Sites 5 through 17 - no Limnoria present. P = Long-term panel, submerged 6 months. jg C = Short-term panel, submerged 1 month. l5
* - Gravid females present.
** - Gravid females and juveniles present.
I 1 i !I ie II lI
; !I ;
I I A-72 I TABLE A-35.
SUMMARY
DATA FOR INCIDENCE OF Limnoria tripunctata IN PANELS REMOVED SE"TEMBER, OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER, 1979 September October November I Site Panel No. of No. of Tunnels Specimens
- No. of Tunnels No. of Specimens No. of Tunnels No. of Specimens I 1 P C
160 8 70 13 36 0 31 115 0 83 500 625 220 230 670 550 2 P 0 5 C 2 3 6 5 0 0 56 51 1 0 3 P 0 0 0 0 5 C P 28 18 124 117 34 21 4 C 0 0 0 4A P 2,000 2,800 900 1,150** 195 180 C 15 24 0 0 I Sites 5 through 17 - no Limnoria present. P = Long-term panel, submerged 6 months I C = Short-term panel, submerged 1 month
* - Gravid females and juveniles present
** - Juveniles present B
B I I
.l l i I A-73
- I
'l TABLE A-36. NUMBER OF Lirmoria TUNNELS IN PANELS REMOVED DECEMBER,1978, i TilROUGil NOVEMBER, 1979 i I Barnegat Light Manahawkin Conklin Island Waretown Waretown C C P C P f Month P C P C P Dec 54 1100 83 850 4 ! Jan 10 37 68 2 Feb 17 l Mar 8 2 t i Apr i . I b2V Jun 11 3 93 36 19 46 Jul 24 5 345 11 51 5 186 Aug 48 410 8 13 110 2500 14 Sep 160 8 500 2 28 2000 15 i j Oct 36 220 6 56 124 900 Nov 115 670 1 34 195 I il P = Long-term panel. C = Short-term panel. No Lietoria at other panel exposure stations. l it il il
b A-74 600 - O
/
550 - 110] Iday Harbor f 500 - I
- 450 -
400 - c
/
Ii~ E
,q 350 - )
! g 10 0 -
;
r g............. 6 Manahawkin u !
t l=
!\
- l a *-
230 - q l
- a
\ O-- - +: 4 i .
\
,e- : : !
./
i = 200 . s : l
- I :
t z
? ! \
l
\
- / I :
- \
.! /
- i.' ./ \
E. 150 - f j/ \
\ .f *.,
f
\
. Waretown
- / y.: -
- / \
!/ / .
5
\
E 100 -
- / \ *
\
/ \ : .
!/ -
\B 1
l/ ! \
\
50 _ f/ *
/
, Barnegat Light
- / \
iE j 0
%'%g , - - O Conklin Island l l 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 FIGURE A-7. MEAN ANNL'AL NUMBER OF Lirator*ia TUNNELS IN LONG-TERM l'ANELS FROM JUNE, 1975, TilROUGH NOVEMBER 1979
t L g i i i, t I A-75 at Station 2 is similar to that of 1978 and slightly higher than that I which took place in 1976. There was a sharp increase in attack in 1977 W at Station 4. Limnoria attack dropped in 1979 nearly to the 1976 level. Borer attack at Station 3 has shown a consistent decrease since 1976. The heaviest attack continues to be at Station 4A, Waretown, the station ) nearest to Oyster Creek. Attack at this location has consistently been greater than at any other location. No Limnoria were found in panels from Stations 5 through 17, l or in any of the creosoted panels. 1
- B ,
1 i 1 l I
- I 5
!I 4
4
- I
!I !I
!I
; !I
l I I l l l l I A-76 l I Literature Cited Bartsch, Paul. 1908. A New Shipworm from the United States. Proc. Biol. l Soc. Washington, 21(34):211-212. Clapp, W.F. 1923. A New Species of Terado from Florida. Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., 37(2):37-38. Clapp, W.F. 1925. Notes on the stenomorphic form of the shipworm. Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis, 25(5):81-89, pl. 4-5. i Clapp, W.F. 1936. Marine Borers in the North Atlantic. Proc. 52nd Annual Meeting of the Conn. Soc. of Civil Eng. Inc., Hartford, Conn.,
> pp. 87-98.
Hoagland, K.E. and R.D. Turner. 1977. The Effects of Nuclear Power Plant I' Operations on Populations of Boring and Fouling Invertebrates. Tech. Prog. Rep. (AT (49-24)-0347) . Second Quarterly Report to USNRC. Lehigh Univ., Stone Harbor, N.J. Hoagland, K.E., L. Crocket and M. Rochester. 1978. Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the vicinity of the Oyster Creek I Nuclear Generating Station. Quarterly Report: December 1, 1977-February 28, 1978. Wetlands Institute, Lehigh University, Stone Harbor, N.J. Hoagland, K.E., L. Crocket and J. Harms. 1979. Analysis of Populations of Boring and Fouling Organisms in the Vicinity of the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station. Tenth Quarterly Report: I December, 1978-February, 1979. Wetlands Institute, Lehigh Univer-sity, Stone Harbor, N.J. Hollander, M. and D.A. Wilfe. 1973. Nonparametric Statistical Methods. I John Wiley and Sons. Menzies, R.J. 1951. A New Species of Limnoria (Crustacea:Isopoda) from Southern California. Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sci. 50(2):86-88. Menzies, R.J. 1959. The identification and distributice of the species I of Limnoria. In: Ray, D.L., Marine Boring and Fouling Organisms. Univ. of Wash. Press, Seattle, Wash., 10-33 pp. i I Neter, J. and W. Wasserman. 1974. Applied Linear Statistical Models. Richards D. Irwin, Inc. Purushotham, A. and K. Satyanaroyana Rao. ca. 1971. The First Progress Report of the Committee for the Protection of Timber Against Marine Organisms Attack in the Indian Coastal Waters for the Period 1953-70. Jour. Timber Development Assoc. (India), Vol. XVII (3):1-74. l 5
A-77 i Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1976. Wood-borer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1, 1975 to May 31, 1976 to j Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No. 14729. Richards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1978. Wood-borer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period June 1, 1976 to November 30, 1977 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No. 14819. Richards, B.R., C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978 to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No. 14893. Tsunada, K. and K. Nishimoto. 1978. Growth Rates for the Shipworm Teredo navalis -. at Naruto, Tokushima Pref., Japan. Material and B Organisme"', q3:(4)287-296. Verlag Duncker and Humblot, Berlin. Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. I Mus. of Comp. Zoo., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. 265 pp. Turner, R.D. 1971. Identification of Marine Wood-boring Molluscs. I Chapter 1, Marine Borers, Fungi and Fouling Organisms of Wood. E.B.G. Jones and S.K. Eltringham, Editors. Organiza-tion for Economic Cooperation and Development Paris, pp. 17-I 64. Turner, R.D. 1973. Report on Marine Borers (Teredinidae) in Oyster Creek, Waretown, New Jersey. Mus. Comp. Zoo., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, Mass. First Report, April 3, 1973. 30 pp. Woodward-Clyde. 1975. The physical behavior of the thermal plume dis-charge from the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station - Results of the 1974 thermal plume measurements. Final Report. July 31, 1975. I 1 5 1 I 1 I l I l I
l I APPENDIX B WATER QUALITY Table of Contents Page Introduction . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1 I Materials and Methods Results B-1 B-1 Literature Cited . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-46 List of Tables Table B-1. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations,
'I December, 1978 .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-3 Table B-2. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, ,I January, 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-4 Table B-3. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, I February, 1979 .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-5 Table B-4. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, March, 1979 . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-6 Table B-5. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, April, 1979 . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . B-7 Table B-6. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, May, 1979 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-8 I Table B-7. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, June, 1979 . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . B-9 Table B-8. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, July, 1979 . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-10 Table B-9. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, August, 1979 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-ll Table B-10. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, i September, 1979 . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-12 Table B-11. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, I October, 1979 . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-13 I Table B-12. Water Quality at Exposure Panel Stations, November, 1979 .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-14 I
I
I l List of Table _s_ (Continued) l Page Table B-13. Exposure Panel Station 1, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979............... 3-15 Table B-14. Exposure Panel Station 2, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, threugh November, 1979................ B-16 i Table B-15. Exposure Panel Station 3, Uater Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-17 Table B-16. Exposure Panel Station 4, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-18 Table B-17. Exposure Panel Station 4A, Uater Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-19 Table B-18. Exposure Panel Station 5, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-20 Table B-19. Exposure Panel Station 6, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-21 Table B-20. Exposure Panel Station 7, Water Quality Data I from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-22 I Table B-21. Exposure Panel Station 8, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-23 B-22. Exposure Panel Station 9, Water Quality Data I Table from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ R-7.4 Table B-23. Exposure Panel Station 10, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-25 Table B-24. Exposure Panel Station 10A. Water Quality Data f rom December, 1978, through November, 1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-26 Table B-25. Exposure Panel Station 10B, Water Quality Data trom December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-27 Table B-26. Exposure Panel Station 11, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-28 Table B-27. Exposure Panel Station 12, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-29 Table B-28. Exposure Panel Station 13, Water Quality Data l from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-30 l I
l List of Tables (continued) Page Table B-29. Exposure Panel Station 14, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-31 Table B-30. Exposure Panel Station 15, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-32 Table B-31. Exposure Panel Station 16, Water Quality Data f rom Decembe r , 1978, through November , 1979. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-33 I . Table B-- 3 2 . Exposure Panel Station 17, Water Quality Data from December, 1978, through November, 1979................ B-34 Table B-33. Mean, Standard Deviation, Minimum and Maximum Water Quality Values Observed during each Month at I Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey from December, 1978, through November, 1979..................... B-35 Table B-34. Known Water Quality Ranges for Teredinids I Present in Barnegat Bay.................................... B-38 Table B-35. Two Factor Analysis of Variance of pil Recorded during the Breeding Season in Barnegat Bay by i Station a,d Month for the Period July, 1975, through November, 1979.............................................B-40 Table B-36. Two Factor Analysis of Variance of Dissolved Oxygen P.ccorded during the Breeding Season in Barnegat l Bay by Station and Month for the Period July, 1975, l I through November, 1979..................................... B-41 Table B-37. Two Factor Analysis of Variance of Temperature Recorded during the Breeding Season in Barnegat Bay i by Station and Month for the Period July, 1975, through November, 1 9 7 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B -4 2 lI Table B-38. Two Factor Analysis of Variance of Salinity Recorded during the Breeding Season in Barnegat Bay by Station and Month for the Period July,1975, through E y No v e mb e r , 19 7 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B -4 3 1 List of Figures ' Figure B-1. Outline of Barnegat Bay Showing Geographical Locat ions o f Exposure Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-2 l 5 l
1 I l List c,f Figures (continued) I Page Figure B-2. Monthly Average 1.'ater Temperature *F at Oyster Creek Railroad Bridge from June, 1975, through November, 1979 by Season............................................. B-36 Figure B-3. Comparison on Mean Breedirig Season Salinity as a Result 7f ANOVA (a=0.05) for Stations in Barnegat Bay August, 1975, through November, 1979....................... B-44 Figure B-4. Mean Temperature Values and Interval of Signifi-cant Difference over Breeding Season at Stations in Barnegat Bay August, 1975, through Movember, 1979.......... B-45 I I i ( l I i I I i I I I I l I l 3
I E 1 B-1 1 APPENDIX B WATER QUALITY Introduction Several water quality parameters were measured at each of the exposure panel stations at the time of panel removal and replace- , ment. These values are used to document the physico-chemical environ-ment in Barnegat Bay at the time of the field studies. This portion of the report includes data from December,1978, through November,1979. Mate:-ials and Methods Water quality measurements were taken monthly by Battelle personnel at the 20 exposure panel stations (Figure B-1). j I Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were i { aeasured monthly using n "y.'calab ', del II B. The Hydrolab was cali-brated prior to each day's use. ..:lfunctioning of the pH probe in l l January, September, and November,1979, and of the oxygen probe in 1 January, August, and September, 1979 resulted in a loss of data for those months. Repeated attempts to correct the malfunction of the oxygen probe were not successful so it is possible that the dissolved oxygen data recorded during this period are not reliable. I Results The water quality values recorded each month at each of the exposure panel stations from December, 1978, through November, 1979 l I are given in Tables B-1 through B-12. The same values are tabulated by station and presented in Tables B-13 through B-32. Table B-33 gives the monthly mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum vales I for each hydrographic parameter measured. Figure B-2 shows the monthly average water temperature at the Oyster Creek Railroad Bridge beginning in June, 1975 and continu-ing through November, 1979. These temperature data were provided by Jersey Central Power & Light Company. I
MA!1ASQUAN BRIELLE 5 DNA POINT PWSm INTRACOASTAL s k'ATERNAY CANAL I MANTOLOKING 15 I K T LE CREEK t I [ I o
' ATLANTIC OCEAN SLOOP CREEK I #
HOLLY PARK 13 gh catt* 12 STOUTS CREEK SEDGE / A ! OYSTER CREEK I OYSTER CREEK NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION 8 VARETOWN 7 6 4 g BARNEGAT INLET CITY I BARNEGAT BEACH 3 I $ PAN 6L ARRAY CONKLIN ISLAND h 0 1 2 ) MILES , B M EGAT INLET, NEW JERSEY g .i I Latitude 39' 45.8 N E Longitude 74' 06.0 W 7 i a f lI FIGURE B-1. o OUTLINE OF BARNEGAT BAY SHOWING GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONS OF o EXPOSURE PANELS I l
I B-3 TABLE B-1. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, DECEMBER, 1978 Depth Station Date Time in Feet Salinity - o/co Temp. *C 02 pH 1 12/6/78 0927 6.0 27.9 7.7 12.4 7.5 2 12/6/78 0945 2.0 22.7 7.0 9.4 7.4 3 12/6/78 1015 3.0 26.1 8.0 12.0 7.8 I 4 12/6/73 1037 3.5 26.3 8.3 9.3 7.3 4A 12/6/78 1056 3.5 25.6 6.7 12.2 7.9 5 12/6/78 1115 4.0 21.3 6.6 11.2 7. 7 6 12/6/78 1118 4.0 22.4 8.3 12.0 7.7 7 12/6/78 1130 3.0 22.0 7.5 10.8 7.6 8 12/6/78 1150 6.0 23.4 7.5 12.0 8.3 9 12/6/78 1200 6.0 24.1 7.5 12.5 8.4 { 10 12/6/78 1355 3.0 24.1 8.5 12.0 7.7 10A 12/6/78 1225 3.5 24.1 7.5 12.0 7.9 10B 12/6/7t, 1242 3. 5 23.4 7.5 12.0 7.9 11 12/6/78 1250 4.0 24.1 8.0 13.0 8.0 12 12/6/78 1420 3.5 23.4 8.0 12.0 7.9 13 12/6/78 144P 3.0 22.0 9.0 12.0 Reading l
,a not taken
/6/78 3. 21.3 12.0 8.0
'5 i 4 15 12/5/78 So8 1536 3.5 23.3 8.0 8.0 12.2 7.8 , 1 16 12/5/78 1650 4.5 25.4 8.5 12.3 7.8 ' i= 17 12/5/78 1612 1. 5 26.4 4.5 12.6 7.7 r il !I !I
- I lI l
l
B-4 TABLE B-2. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, JANUARY, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity - o/oo Temp. *C 0* 2 pH* station 1 1/10/79 0910 6.0 27.0 0.8 2 1/10/79 1015 2.0 19.2 0.5 r 3 1/10/79 1040 3.0 17.9 0.3 4 1/10/79 1105 3.5 24.9 2.5 4A 1/10/79 1125 3. 5 23.4 0.0 5 1/10/79 1140 4. 0 19.9 4.5 6 1/10/79 1200 4.0 17.2 5.0 7 1/10/79 1205 3.0 20.6 4.7 8 1/10/79 1215 6.0 20.6 4.5 9 1/10/79 1245 6.0 21.3 1.0 10 1/10/79 1455 3. 0 22.0 2.5 10A 1/10/79 1405 3.5 22.0 1.5 8 10B 1/10/79 1410 3.5 22.0 1.5 11 1/10/79 1420 4.0 22.0 0.5 12 1/10/79 1510 3.5 14.5 1.5 13 1/10/79 1540 3.0 13.1 1.0 14 1/10/79 1615 3.0 17.2 0.5 l 1530 3. 5 8.7 1.0 15 1/9/79 16 1/10/79 1655 4.5 3. 0 0.0 17 1/9/79 1630 1.5 23.4 0.0 I
- Hydrolab malfunction.
I S I l I 1 5
1 B-5 TABLE B-3. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, FEBRUARY, 1979 Depth Station Date Time in Feet Salinity - o/co Temp. *C 02 pH 1 2/6/79 1040 5.0
- 0.5 17.0 7.8 2 2/6/79 1120 1.5 11.1 -0.5 16.5 7.9 3 2/6/79 1200 2.5 16.9 -0.5 16.2 7.4 4 2/6/79 1230 3. 0 2.9 -0.5 16.3 7.3 4A 2/6/79 1330 3.0 0.6 -0.5 16.0 7.7 5 2/6/79 1350 3.5 17.2 -0.6 17.0 7.2 6 2/6/79 1400 3.5 16.5 -0.7 16.0 7.1 j 7 2/6/79 1415 3. 5 17.2 -0.5 15.4 6.9 8 2/6/79 1430 5.0 14.5 1. 0 15.2 7.0 2/6/79 1445 5.0 15.8 -0.5 17.1 7.3 I
9 10 2/6/79 1555 2.5 1.7 -0.5 16.8 6.9 10A 2/6/79 1510 3.0 17.9 -0.5 16.4 7. 0 10B 2/6/79 1515 3.0 20.6 -0.5 16.7 7.3 11 2/6/79 1520 3.5 13.8 -0.5 16.8 7.3 12 2/6/79 1615 3.5 1. 7 -0.7 16.3 6.5 l 0.6 17.2 /. 0 13 2/6/79 1630 3. 0 -0.5 14 2/6/79 1700 3.0 0.1 -1.0 17.0 6.5 15 2/6/79 0830 3. 0 0.1 -0.8 16.7 7.5 16 2/5/79 1630 4.0 0.1 1.5 16.5 7.4 17 2/5/79 1650 1.0 0.6 0.5 17.9 7.3
- nydrolab malfunction.
i 5 1 I 1 I I
i I B-6 I TABLE B-4. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, MARCH, 1979 I Depth Temp. *C Station Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo 02 PH 1 3/7/79 0930 6.0 24.1 4.8 10.4 8.2 f 2 3/7/79 1005 2.0 14.5 7.5 11.2 7.8 ! 3 3/7/79 1030 3.0 19.9 6.0 13.6 8.3 I 4 3/7/79 1055 3.5 18.5 5.9 9.7 7.5 4A 3/7/79 1110 3.5 17.9 6.3 13.6 8.2 i 5 3/7/79 1125 4.0 11.8 12.2 10.4 7.5 6 3/7/79 1135 4.0 6.9 12.5 11.0 7.4 i 7 3/7/79 1205 3.0 12.5 11.8 11.2 7.6 1 8 3/7/79 1245 6.0 14.5 11.0 13.0 8.0 i 9 3/7/79 1253 6.0 15.2 6.7 12.0 8.3 i 10 3/7/79 1500 3.0 6.4 8.0 13.0 7.4 10A 3/7/79 1412 3.5 16.5 7.0 12.0 8.6 10B 3/7/79 1427 3.5 16.5 7.0 12.0 8.6 g 8.7 ja 11 3/7/79 1440 4.0 16.5 7.0 13.0 { 12 3/7/79 1534 3.5 16.5 6.0 13.0 8.0 3/7/79 153/ 3.0 14.5 7.0 11.2 8.1 l 13 14 3/7/79 1620 3.0 11.8 7.5 13.0 8.2 15 3/6/79 1540 3.5 12,7 7.0 12.8 8.2 l 4.5 13.3 8.0 13.2 8.2 1 16 3/6/79 1644 17 3/6/79 1712 1.5 17.0 8.0 10.8 8.2 i II !I !I !I
B-7 I TABLE B-5. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, APRIL,1979 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity-o/oo Terrp. *C 0 2 PH 1 4/5/79 0820 6.0 19.9 7.0 12.0 7.7 2 4/5/79 0945 2.0 17.2 9.0 11.0 7.5 3 4/5/79 1015 3.0 10.4 8.5 11.1 7.9 4 4/5/79 1100 3.5 17.7 8.0 8.9 7.1 4A 4/5/79 1130 3.5 18.8 8.0 11.2 7.3 I 5 4/5/79 1150 4.0 12.0 11.0 11.1 8.5 6 4/5/79 1210 4.0 10.4 11.0 11.4 8.6 7 4/5/79 1235 3.0 11.8 10.5 11.2 8.7 8 4/5/79 1330 6.0 13.3 9.5 10.7 9.0 9 4/5/79 1350 6.0 13.8 9.5 11.0 8.7 10 4/4/79 1045 3.0 11.0 10.1 11.8 8.1 g 10A 4/5/79 1450 3.5 14.9 11.5 10.9 9.0 10B 4/5/79 1510 3.5 14.6 10.5 11.0 9.1 11 4/5/79 1520 4.0 17.2 10.0 11.4 7.3 12 4/4/79 1015 3.5 6.9 10.0 12.2 8.6 4/4/79 I 0940 23.3 13 3.0 9.0 10.2 7.5 14 4/4/79 0900 3.0 4.7 9.0 10.6 7.1 15 4/4/79 1330 3.5 18.5 8.0 11.6 9.0 16 4/4/79 1415 4.5 8.0 10.0 10.4 f,S 17 4/4/79 1500 1.5 19.2 8.0 11.0 1.3 I I
- I
!I
w~- -- - - , , _ - - E B-8 1 TABLE B-6. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, MAY, 1979 r : l Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temp. *C 02 PH l f 1 5/1/79 0955 6.0 22.9 14.0 8.9 8.3 l 2 5/1/79 1030 2.0 12.7 15.8 10.2 8.5 3 5/1/79 1100 3.0 20.6 15.8 10.2 8.1 4 5/1/79 1155 3.5 22.7 15.5 10.6 8.1 4A 5/1/79 1215 3.5 19.2 17.0 10.4 8.1 5 5/1/79 1315 4.0 18.5 19.5 8.5 7.7 6 5/1/79 1329 4.0 17.9 21.0 10.0 7.7 ! I 7 5/1/79 1339 3.0 19.5 19.9 20.5 20.5 10.0 10.4 7.7 7.9 l 1 8 5/1/79 1405 6.0 l 9 5/1/79 1417 6.0 21.3 16.0 10.4 8.1 10 5/1/79 1448 3.0 19.9 15.0 10.8 7.5 10A 5/1/79 1450 3.5 16.5 16.0 11.0 8.0 10B 5/1/79 1507 3.5 21.3 16.0 11.4 8.0 11 5/1/79 1523 4.0 21.3 17.5 11.6 8.1 12 5/1/79 1515 3.5 13.8 18.0 11.2 8.1 5/1/79 1542 3.0 21.3 18.0 10.8 7.4 I 13 14 5/1/79 1608 3.0 19.2 18.1 10.9 7.8 15 I:/30/79 1543 3.5 15.8 16.0 10.1 8.0 16 4/30/79 1613 4.5 17.5 17.0 10.2 8.0 17 4/30/79 1648 1.5 17.9 16.0 10.0 8.1 I I I I I l
B 1 I B-9 I TABLE B-7. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATION, JUNE, 1979 l Depth l Station Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temp. *C 02 PH i 1 6/5/79 0945 6.0 20.2 16.3 8.0 8.2 l 2 6/5/79 1030 2.0 17.9 19.2 7.4 7.7 3 6/5/79 1100 3.0 17.2 19.7 8.0 7.7 4 6/5/79 1125 3.5 18.5 19.7 5.7 7.5 4A 6/5/79 1140 3.5 17.9 19.7 7.3 7.7 ; I 5 6 6/5/79 6/5/79 1200 1215 4.0 4.0 15.? 8.7 23.2 22.5 8.7 8.5 7.7 7.7 6/5/79 1230 3.0 15.2 23.5 7.9 I 7 8.0 8 6/5/79 1325 6.0 15.8 24.5 9.2 8.1 9 6/5/79 1347 6.0 17.2 21.0 8.8 8.3 10 6/5/79 1515 3.0 6.9 21.0 7.6 6.9 10A 6/5/79 1420 3.5 15.8 23.0 9.4 8.1 10B 6/5/79 1440 3.5 17.2 22.5 8.9 8.2 11 6/5/79 1453 4.0 18.5 22.0 9.0 8.3 12 6/5/79 1540 3.5 9.2 21.5 8.9 7.8 13 6/5/79 1607 3.0 5.8 22.5 6.0 6.7 ) 6/5/79 3.0 13.1 21.5 8.4 8.1 I 14 1631 15 6/4/74 1515 3.5 13.8 19.0 8.6 8.1 16 6/4/79 1535 4.5 14.5 20.0 S.7 8.2 17 6/4/79 1555 1.5 17.2 18.0 8.5 8.0 I I I I I
I l I B-10 I l TABLE B-8. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, JULY, 1979 i j Depth Temp. *C
.g Station Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo 02 PH j i
1 7/10/79 0950 3.0 29.9 19.0 6.9 8.1 l 5 2 7/10/79 1020 2.0 23.4 22.3 6.2 8.3 j 3 7/10/79 1100 3.0 22.7 23.0 7.9 8.7 ! 3.5 22.7 23.5 9.2 8.8 ! 4 7/10/79 1125 l 4A 7/10/79 1145 3.5 23.4 23.7 8.7 8.7 ! 5 7/10/79 1200 4.0 18.5 27.2 8.4 8.6 6 7/10/79 1210 4.0 19.9 27.2 7.9 8.7 7 7/10/79 1220 3.0 20.0 27.9 7.5 f. 6 l 8 7/10/79 1340 6.0 19.9 27.0 9.0 8.8 j 9 7/10/79 1400 6.0 20.6 24.0 8.5 9.0 10 7/10/79 1535 3.0 9.2 24.5 8.8 8.2 10A 7/10/79 1445 3.5 14.5 27.5 9.2 8.9 103 7/10/79 1501 3.5 20.6 26.0 9.6 9.0 I 11 7/10/79 1510 4.0 17.2 25.0 8.4 8.9 12 7/10/79 1555 3.5 18.5 24.5 9.2 9.0 13 7/10/79 1615 3.0 13.8 25.0 7.5 8.4 14 7/10/79 1647 3.0 15.2 24.0 8.5 9.0 15 7/9/79 1610 3.5 10.2 23.0 6.1 8.2 g 16 7/10/79 1735 4.5 11.1 22.5 5.6 8.1 j5 17 7/9/79 1700 1.5 16.6 24.0 7.2 8.1 f 1 !I i ll I I
B-ll TABLE B-9. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, AUGUST, 1979 Depth Station Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temp. *C 02 PH 1 8/7/79 1000 8.0 27.7 24.0 7.4 9.2 2 8/7/79 1110 6.0 24.9 27.0 6.8 8.9 3 8/7/79 1125 4.0 22.7 26.5 7.3 9.1 4 8/7/79 1205 4.0 23.4 27.5 7.2 9.1 4A 8/7/79 1230 4.0 22.7 28.5 6.6 9.1 8/7/79 I 6 5 8/7/79 1258 1312 4.0 4.0 20.6 20.6 31.5 32.0 7.5 7.3 9.1 9.8 7 8/7/79 1338 4.0 20.6 31.5 7.4 9.1 8 8/7/79 1403 6.0 21.3 33.0 8.8 9.1 9 8/7/89 1437 8.0 22.7 28.5 9.0 9.3 10 8/7/79 1700 3.0 19.9 28.0 8.8 7.4 10A 8/7/79 1550 3.0 21.3 30.0 9.0 9.3 10B 8/7/79 1610 3.0 22.0 29.5 9.3 9.3 11 8/7/79 1635 3.0 22.7 28.5 8.2 9.0 I 12 13 8/7/79 8/7/79 1735 1815 3.0 4.0 19.2 14.5 29.5 25.0 8.3 7.8 14 8/7/79 1840 4.0 14.5 28.5
- 7.9 15 8/6/79 1640 3.0 12.5 29.0 9.4 8.7 16 8/6/79 1720 4.0 6.4 29.5 6.4 8.3 17 8/6/79 1805 2.0 28.4 27.5 7.2 9.5 I *"*'""""""c""
i I I I I
l I B-12 I I i TABLE B-10. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, SEPTEMBER, 1979 I Station Date Time Depth in Feet Salinity-0/00 Temp. *C 0* 2 PH l 9/11/79 0955 6.0 27.0 20.5 8.5 l 2 9/11/79 1020 4.0 8.1 21.0 8.1 3 9/11/79 1050 4.0 22.7 22.0 8.4 i ! 4 9/11/79 1100 4.0 23.4 23.0 7.7
- 4A 9/11/79 1120 4.0 24.1 23.5 5.8 5 9/11/79 1145 4.0 19.9 26.0 7.0 j 6 9/11/79 1210 3.0 20.6 26.5 6.5 7 9/11/79 1220 2.0 20.6 27.0 6.0 1
I 8 9/11/79 1300 8.0 21.3 27.0 6.2
- I
i 9 9/11/79 1410 8. 0 20.9 22.6
- 10 9/11/79 1610 5.0 18.5 23.9
- l 10A 9/11/79 1530 2.0 21.3 25.0
- 10B 9/11/79 1545 4. 0 22.0 23.9
- l 11 9/11/79 1550 2.0 21.3 23.1 *
! 12 9/11/79 1625 4. 0 19.9 23.3
- 1 13 9/11/79 1700 5. 0 15.8 23.5
- i 14 9/11/79 1710 5.0 15.2 23.1
- 15 9/12/79 1530 4. 0 15.2 22.1
- l 16 9/10/79 1930 4.0 11.8 22.5 8.6 17 9/10/79 1900 3. 0 26.3 22.0 8.3 1
!I
* - liydrolab malfunctioning
!I
8 B-13 TABLE B-ll. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, OCTOBER, 1979 8 Depth Station Date Time in Feet Salinity-0/00 Temp. "C 0 pil
- 2 1 10/10/79 1015 6.0 12.4 14.5 8.2 6.4 2 10/10/79 1100 2.0 9.3 13.5 11.2 7.1 3 10/10/79 1130 3. 0 10.6 13.2 9.8 7.1 4 10/10/79 1200 3.5 19.2 14.2 10.1 6.7 4A 10/10/79 1220 3.5 17.2 14.3 10.1 7.2 5 10/10/79 1320 4.0 15.2 18.2 9.9 7.0 6 10/10/79 1335 4.0 15.8 17.9 10.8 7.0 7 10/10/79 1400 3.0 14.2 17.4 10.0 6.9 8 10/10/79 1430 6.0 16.5 17.0 11.0 6.9 9 10/10/79 1450 6.0 17.5 13.2 11.6 7.1 10 10/10/79 1620 3.0 11.5 14.8 11.3 o.4 10A 10/10/79 1525 3. 5 14.0 15. 10.8 7.0 10B 10/10/79 1540 3.5 17.0 14.6 10.8 7.1 11 10/10/79 1600 4.0 18.0 13.0 11.0 7.2 12 10/10/79 1640 3.5 14.4 12.4 11.2 6.5 13 10/10/79 1710 3.0 4. 6 10.0 10.8 5.3 14 10/10/79 1730 3.0 10.4 10.0 12.3 6.5 15 10/9/79 1645 3.5 15.0 14.5 ** <6.2 16 10/10/79 1910 4.5 10.1 10.5 7.3 <6.2 17 10/10/79 1845 1. 5 8.7 7.0*** 11.0 7.0 I _ -.
* - Ilydrolab pli probe not functioning properly
** - Not taken
*** - Northwest wind, shallow water, no sun I
B-14 TABLE B-12. WATER QUALITY AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS, NOVDiBER,1979 Depth Time in Feet Salinity-0/00 Temp. *C 0 pH* Station Date 2 1 11/6/79 0955 6.0 25.5 12.5 9.6 2 11/6/79 1025 2.0 15.8 10.5 10.2 3 11/6/79 0915 3. 0 16.5 11.3 9.9 4 11/6/79 1130 3.5 19.2 12.5 10.4 4A 11/6/79 1145 3. 5 13.8 12.5 10.2 I 5 11/6/79 1200 4.0 13.1 15.5 10.0 6 11/6/79 1230 4.0 13.8 15.7 10.2 7 11/6/79 1255 3.0 15.2 16.0 9.4 8 11/6/79 1400 6.0 16.5 16.9 11.4 9 11/6/79 1420 6.0 17.6 12.1 10.4 , I 10 11/6/79 1600 3.0 9.8 13.8 9.4 i 10A 11/6/79 1500 3.5 18.5 13.6 9.6 l l 10B 11/6/79 1530 3.5 17.1 13.3 9.8 11 11/6/79 1545 4.0 17.1 12.6 10.0 12 11/7/79 1200 3.5 14.8 11.6 10.6 I 13 11/6/79 1630 3.0 9.5 12.5 10.0 14 11/6/79 1700 3.0 15.0 11.9 10.4 15 11/7/79 1400 3.5 15.9 11.5 9.6 16 11/6/79 1750 4.5 14.5 11.9 19.4 17 11/5/79 1630 1.5 12.5 11.0 **
* -Ilydrolab probe malfunctioning
** - Not taken I
l
B-15 P TABLE B-13. EXPOSURE PANE'. STATION 1, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUGli NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth R , Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 PH I 12/6/78 0927 6.0 27.9 7.7 12.4 7.5 j 1/10/79 0910 6.0 27.0 0.8 *
- 2/6/79 1040 5.0
- 0.5 17.0 7.8 j 3/7/79 0930 6.0 24.1 4.8 10.4 8.2 4/5/79 0820 6.0 19,9 7.0 12.0 7.7
- 5/1/79 0955 6.0 22.9 14.0 8.9 8.3 6/5/79 0945 6.0 20.2 16.3 8.0 8.2 7/10/79 0950 3.0 29.9 19.0 6.9 8.1
! 8/7/79 1000 8.0 27.7 24.0 7.4 9.2 9/11/79 0955 6.0 27.0 20.5
- 8.5 10/10/79 1015 6.0 12.4 14.5 8.2 6.4 11/6/79 0955 6.0 25.5 12.5 9.6
- l i
- Ilydrolab mal functioning.
l 1 I lI I l I l I ; i _ _J
I B-16 I TABLE B-14. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 2, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, I 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature *C 02 PH 12/6/78 0945 2.0 22.7 7.0 9.4 7.4 1/10/79 1015 2.0 19.2 0.5 *
- 2/6/79 1120 1.5 11.1 -0.5 16.5 7.9 3/7/79 1005 2.6 14.5 7.5 11.2 7.8 4/5/ '9 0945 2.0 17.2 9.0 11.0 7.5 5/1/79 1030 2.0 12.7 15.8 10.2 8.5 6/5/79 1030 2.0 17.9 19.2 7.4 7.7 I 7/10/79 1020 2.0 23.4 22.3 6.2 8.3 8/7/79 1110 6.0 24.9 27.0 6.8 8.9 9/11/79 1020 4.0 8.1 21.0
- 8.1 l 10/10/79 1100 2.0 9.3 13.5 11.2 7.1 11/6/79 1025 2.0 15.8 10.5 10.2
- I
- Hydrolab malfunctioning.
1 I 1 l I I I
B-17 I I I 1 TABLE B-15. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 3, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, l 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER 1979 l I Depth l Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 PH ! 12/6/78 1015 3.0 26.1 8.0 12.0 7.8 l 1/10/79 1040 3.0 17.9 0.3 * * !l 2/6/79 3/7/79 1200 1030 2.5 3.0 16.9 19.9
-0.5 6.0 16.2 13.6 7.4 8.3 g 4/5/79 1015 3.0 10.4 8.5 11.1 7.9 j 5/1/79 1100 3.0 20.6 15.8 10.2 8.1 1 6/5/79 1100 3.0 17.2 19.7 8.0 7.7 7/10/79 1100 3.0 22.7 23.0 7.9 8.7 8/7/79 1125 4.0 22.7 26.5 7.3 9.1 9/11/79 1050 4.0 22.7 22.0
- 8.4
{ 10/10/79 1130 3.0 10.6 13.2 9.8 7.1 11/6/79 0915 3.0 16.5 11.3 9.9
- j
- Hydrolab malfunctioning.
I 'I l 4 lI i i l i
B-18 . TAP >LE B-16. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 4, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER. 1978, TilROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 pil 12/6/78 1037 3.5 26.3 8.3 9.3 7.3 3.5 24.9 *
- 1/10/79 1105 2.5 2/6/79 1230 3.0 2.9 -0.5 16.3 7.3 3/7/79 1055 3.5 18.5 5.9 9.7 7.5 4/5/79 1100 3.5 17.7 8.0 8.9 7.1 l5 5/1/79 1155 3.5 22.7 15.5 10.6 8.1 l 6/5/79 1125 3.5 18.5 19.7 5.7 7.5 7/10/79 1125 3.5 22.7 23.5 9.2 8.8 8/7/79 1205 4.0 23.4 27.5 7.2 9.1 9/11/79 1100 4.0 23.4 23.0
- 7.7 j 10/10/79 1200 3.5 19.2 14.2 10.1 6.7 11/6/79 1130 3.5 19.2 12.5 10.4
- i
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
.I 1 I lI l l I
1 I \ B-19 ! I I i l TABLE B-17. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 4A, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TIIROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth I Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 pH 12/6/78 1056 3.5 25.6 6.7 12.2 7.9 1/10/79 1125 3.5 23.4 0.0 *
- 2/6/79 1330 3.0 0.6 -0.5 16.0 7.7 3/7/79 1110 3.5 17.9 6.3 13.6 8.2
; 4/5/79 1130 3.5 18.8 8.0 11.2 7.3 5/1/79 1215 3.5 19.2 17.0 10.4 8.1 6/5/79 1140 3.5 17.9 19.7 7.3 7.7 7/10/79 1145 3.5 23.4 23.7 8.7 8.7
! 8/7/79 1230 4.0 22.7 28.5 6.6 9.1 9/11/79 1120 4.0 24.1 23.5
- 5.8 10/10/79 1220 3.5 17.2 14.3 10.1 7.2 11/6/79 1145 3.5 13.8 12.5 10.2
- i
- Hydrolab malfunctioning.
i
lt i I I I
I !I l l t ], B-20 1 lI i lI i i TABLE B-18. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 5, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, l 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 1 l Depth l Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 pH 12/6/78 1115 4.0 21.3 6.6 11.2 7.7 1/10/79 1140 4.0 19.9 4.5 *
- 2/6/79 1350 3.5 17.2 -0.6 17.0 7.2 3/7/79 1125 4.0 11.8 12.2 10.4 7.5 4/5/79 1150 4.0 12.0 11.0 11.1 8.5 iI 5/1/79 1315 4.0 18.5 19.5 8.5 7.7 6/5/79 1200 4.0 15.3 23.2 8.7 7.7 7/10/79 1200 4.0 18.5 27.2 8.4 8.6 l 8/7/79 1258 4.0 20.6 31.5 7.5 9.1 l 9/11/79 1145 4.0 19.9 26.0
- 7.0 i 10/10/79 1320 4.0 15.2 18.2 9.9 7.0 11/6/79 1200 4.0 13.1 15.5 10.0
- l
- Hyaro1a3 maltunctioning.
g
4 lE I !I I E I
I l E B-21 f L I TABLE B-19. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 6, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, ) 1978, TilROUGli NOVEMBER, 1979 l Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature- C 02 PII : 1
~
12/6/78 1118 4.0 22.4 8.3 12.0 7.7 17.2 *
- 1/10/79 1200 4.0 5.0 2/6/79 1400 3.5 16.5 -0.7 16.0 7.1 3/7/79 1135 4.0 6.9 12.5 11.0 7.4 j 3
i 4/5/79 1210 4.0 10.4 11.0 11.4 8.6 5/1/79 1329 4.0 17.9 21.0 10.0 7.7 6/5/79 1215 4.0 8.7 22.5 8.5 7.7 i 7/10/79 1210 4.0 19.9 27.2 7.9 8.7 l 8/7/79 1312 4.0 20.6 32.0 7.3 9.8 9/11/79 1210 3.0 20.6 26.5
- 6.5 i 10/10/79 1335 4.0 15.8 17.9 10.8 7.0 11/6/79 1230 4.0 13.8 15.7 10.2 *
=
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
l 8 l 'I I I I l 8 I - - . __ .- - . - - - - - - _ - - . _ . . . . _ _ - . . ______ __ _ - - _ _
B-22 r TABLE B-20. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 7, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER,
, 1978, TilROUGil NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C Pil 02 L_.
12/6/78 1130 3.0 22.0 7.5 10.8 7.6 [ 1/10/79 1205 3.0 20.6 4.7 *
- 2/6/79 1415 3.5 17.2 -0.5 15.4 6.9 3/7/79 1205 3.0 12.5 11.8 11.2 7.6 4/5/79 1235 3.0 11.8 10.5 11.2 8.7
, 5/1/79 1339 3.0 19.5 20.5 10.0 7.7 6/5/79 1230 3.0 15.2 23.5 8.0 7.9 7/10/79 1220 3.0 20.0 27.9 7.5 8.6
- l. 8/7/79 1338 4.0 20.6 31.5 7.4 9.1 9/11/79 1220 2.0 20.6 27.0
- 6.0 l 10/10/79 1400 3.0 14.2 17.4 10.0 6.9 11/6/79 1255 3.0 15.2 16.0 9.4
- l
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
B l I l l 5 l I l I 1 I I
B-23 TABLE B-21. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 8, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUCll NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature *C 02 Pil 12/6/78 1150 6.0 23.4 7.5 12.0 8.3 i 20.6 *
- 1/10/79 1215 6.0 4.5 2/6/79 1430 5.0 14.5 1.0 15.2 7.0 3/7/79 1245 6.0 14.5 11.0 13.0 8.0 4/5/79 13.3 10.7 9.0 I 1330 6.0 9.5 5/1/79 1405 6.0 19.9 20.5 10.4 7.9 6/5/79 1325 6.0 15.8 24.5 9.2 8.1 7/10/79 1340 6.0 19.9 27.0 9.0 8.8 8/7/79 1403 6.0 21.3 33.0 8.8 9.1 9/11/79 1300 8.0 21.3 27.0
- 6.2 10/10/79 1430 6.0 16.5 17.0 11.0 6.9 l
11/6/79 1400 6.0 16.5 16.9 11.4 *
- liydrolab malfunctioning.
I 4 1
- I I
I I
I I B-24 I I TABLE B-22. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 9, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, I- 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth l Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature "C 02 PH 12/6/78 1200 6.0 24.1 7.5 12.5 8.4 1/10/79 1245 6.0 21.3 1.0 *
- 2/6/79 1445 5.0 15.8 -0.5 17.1 7.3 3/7/79 1253 6.0 15.2 6.7 12.0 8.3 4/5/79 1350 6.0 13.8 9.5 11.0 8.7 5/1/79 1417 6.0 21.3 16.0 10.4 8.1 17.2 21.0 8.8 I 6/5/79 7/10/79 1347 1400 6.0 6.0 20.6 24.0 8.5 8.3 9.0 8/7/79 1437 8.0 22.7 28.5 9.0 9.3 9/11/79 1410 8.0 20.9 22.6 *
- 10/10/79 1450 6.0 17.5 13.2 11.6 7.1 11/6/79 1420 6.0 17.6 12.1 10.4 *
- Ilydrolab malfunctioning.
I I I lI !I I
l B-25 TABLE B-2 3. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 10, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, W 1 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 PH 12/6/78 1355 3.0 24.1 8.5 12.0 7.7 1/10/79 1455 3.0 22.0 2.5 *
- 2/6/79 1555 2.5 1.7 -0.5 16.8 6.9 3/7/79 1500 3.0 6.4 8.0 13.0 7.4 l
4/4/79 1045 3.0 11.0 10.1 11.8 8.1 j 5/1/79 1448 3.0 19.9 15.0 10.8 7.5 6/5/79 1515 3.0 6.9 21.0 7.6 6.9
- 7/10/79 1535 3.0 9.2 24.5 8.8 8.2 I
8/7/79 1700 3.0 19.9 28.0 8.8 7.4 9/11/79 1610 5.0 18.5 23.9 * * ! 10/10/79 1620 3.0 11.5 14.8 11.3 6.4 11/6/79 1600 3.0 9.8 13.8 9.4
- 4
- Hydrolab malfunctioning.
I 1
- I I
I I
l I B-26 i 'I l I TABLE B EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 10A, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUGli NUVEMBER,1979 Depth
- Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 pH 12/6/78 1225 3.5 24.1 7.5 12.0 7.9 l 1/10/79 1405 3.5 22.0 1.5 *
- 2/6/79 1510 3.0 17.9 -0.5 16.4 7.0 j 3/7/79 1412 3.5 16.5 7.0 12.0 8.6 i
j 4/5/79 1450 3.5 14.9 11.5 10.9 9.0 5/1/79 1450 3.5 16.5 16.0 11.0 8.0 l i 6/5/79 1420 3.5 15.8 23.0 9.4 8.1 7/10/79 1445 3.5 14.5 27.5 9.2 8.9 I 8/7/79 1550 3.0 21.3 30.0 9.0 9.3 9/11/79 1530 2.0 21.3 25.0 * * ! 10/10/79 1525 3.5 14.0 15.1 10.8 7.0 11/6/79 1500 3.5 18.5 13.6 9.6
- 1 1
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
4 II i l
- 1 1 '
,!I i !I ,E
I 1 B-27 1 i I i I TARLE B-25. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 10B, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, I 1978, THROUGli NOVEMBER,1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature "C 02 Pil 12/6/78 1242 3.5 23.4 7.5 12.0 7.9 ) j 1/10/79 1410 3.5 22.0 1.5
- 16.7 7.3 ll 2/6/79 3/7/79 1515 1427 3.0 3.5 20.6 16.5
-0.5 7.0 12.0 8.6 l
4/5/79 1510 3.5 14.6 10.5 11.0 9.1 5/1/79 1507 3.5 21.3 16.0 11.4 8.0 6/5/79 1440 3.5 17.2 22.5 8.9 8.2 1 i I 7/10/79 1501 3.5 20.6 22.0 26.0 29.5 9.6 9.3 9.0 9.3 l l
- 8/7/79 1610 3.0 23.9 *
- j 9/11/79 1545 4.0 22.0 I 10/10/79 1540 3.5 17.0 14.6 10.8 7.1 l 1
11/6/79 1530 3.5 17.1 13.3 9.8
- l 1 l 4
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
il !I il i,l !I !I , I
.i I i I B-28 i ,I l I TABLE B-26. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 11, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER,
- I 1978, TilROUGli MOVE
- iBER,1979 i
i Depth ! Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 Pil 12/6/78 1250 4.0 24.1 8.0 13.0 8.0 4.0 *
- f 1/10/79 1420 22.0 0.5 2/6/79 1520 3.5 13.8 -0.5 16.8 7.3 i 3/7/79 1440 4.0 16.5 7.0 13.0 8.7 I'
4/5/79 1520 4.3 17.2 10.0 11.4 7.3 5/1/79 1523 4.0 21.3 17.5 11.6 8.1 l 6/5/79 1453 4.0 18.5 22.0 9.0 8.3 1 I 7/10/79 1510 4.0 17.2 25.0 8.4 8.9 l 8/7/79 1635 3.0 24.7 28.5 8.2 9.0 9/11/79 1550 2.0 21.3 23.1 *
- 10/10/79 1600 4.0 18.0 13.0 11.0 7.2 11/6/79 1545 4.0 17.1 12.6 10.0
- 3 . lix a 1es me1< eetiemies.
i lI II II
!I - i IE l
l L, J L F B-29 L I~ u ( TABLE B-27. EXI'OSURE PANEL STATION 12, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature- C 02 PH q 12/6/78 1420 3.5 23.4 8.0 12.0 7.9 1/10/79 1510 3.5 14.5 1.5 *
- l 2/6/79 1615 3.5 1.7 -0.7 16.3 6.5
- 3/7/79 1534 3.5 16.5 6.0 13.0 8.0 4/4/79 1015 3.5 6.9 10.0 12.2 8.6
5/1/79 1515 3.5 13.8 18.0 11.2 8.1 d 6/5/79 1540 3.5 9.2 21.5 8.9 7.8 7/10/79 1555 3.5 18.5 24.5 9.2 9.0 i i 8/7/79 1735 3.0 19.2 29.5
- 8.3 9/11/79 1625 4.0 19.9 23.3 *
- l 10/10/79 1640 3.5 14.4 12.4 11.2 6.5 11/7/79 1200 3.5 14.8 11.6 10.6
- i
- liydrolab malfunctioning.
i I I i I I
- l
B-30 I I I TABLE B-28. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 13, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Tempetature *C 02 PII 12/6/78 1448 3.0 22.0 9.0 12.0
- 3.0 13.1 1.0 *
- 1/10/79 1540 2/6/79 1630 3.0 0.6 -0.5 17.2 7.0 3/7/79 1537 3.0 14.5 7.0 11.2 8.1 4/4/79 0940 3.0 23.3 9.0 10.2 7.5 5/1/79 1542 3.0 21.3 18.0 10.8 7.4 6/5/79 1607 3.0 5.8 22.5 8.0 6.7
- 7/10/79 1615 3.0 13.8 25.0 7.5 8.4 I 8/7/79 1815 4.0 14.5 25.0
- 7.8 15.8 23.5 * *
- 9/11/79 1700 5.0 l 10/10/79 1710 3.0 4.6 10.0 10.8 5.3 11/6/79 1630 3.0 9.5 12.5 10.0
- i
'g
- ityarota6 mattunctioninR.
4 1 I
- I
. 1 I I I I l
B-31 TABLE B-29. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 14, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TilR0l'Gli NOVEMBER, 1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature *C 02 PIl 12/6/78 1508 3.0 21.3 8.0 12.0 8.0 1/10/79 1615 3.0 17.2 0.5 *
- 2/6/79 1700 3.0 0.1 -1.0 17.0 6.5 3/7/79 1620 3.0 11.8 7.5 13.0 8.2 I 4/4/79 5/1/79 0900 1608 3.0 3.0 4.7 19.2 9.0 18.1 10.6 10.9 7.1 7.8 6/5/79 1631 3.0 13.1 21 5 8.4 8.1 7/10/79 1647 3.0 15.2 24.0 8.5 9.0 8/7/79 1840 4.0 , 14.5 28.5
- 7.9 9/11/79 1710 5.0 15.2 23.1 *
- 10/10/79 1730 3.0 10.4 10.0 12.3 6.5 11/6/79 1700 3.0 15.0 11.9 10.4
- Q
\ I 'Ii, 'I 1 lI I I
l I i I B-32 I 1
- I j TABLE B-30. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 15, WATER QUALITY DATA FR0!! DECEMBER, 1978, TilROUGH NOVEMBER 1979
;W l
Depth j Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 pil 12/5/78 1536 3.5 23.3 8.0 12.2 7.8 l 1/9/79 1530 3.5 8.7 1.0 *
- 2/6/79 0830 3.0 0.1 -0.8 16.7 7.5 3/6/79 1540 3.5 12.7 7.0 12.8 8.2 4/4/79 1330 3.5 18.5 8.0 11.6 9.0 4/30/79 1543 3.5 15.8 16.0 10.1 8.0 6/4/79 1515 3.5 13.8 19.0 8.6 8.1 .
,]
l 7/9/79 1610 3.5 10.2 23.0 6.1 8.2 l 8/6/79 1640 3.0 12.5 29.0 9.4 8.7 ! l$ 5 9/12/79 1530 4.0 15.2 22.1 * * . 10/9/79 1645 3.5 15.0 14.5 ** <6.2 11/7/79 1400 3.5 15.9 11.5 9.6 *
- llydrolab malfunctioning.
" ** Not taken.
I I I I lI
)
B-33 I 1 I TABLE B-31. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 16, WATER QUALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, TIIROUGli NOVEMBER,1979 j Depth im Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/co Temperature *C 02 PH 12/5/78 1650 4.5 25.4 8.5 12.3 7.8 l 1/10/79 1655 4.5 3.0 0.0 *
- 2/5/79 1630 4.0 0.1 1.5 16.5 7.4 3/6/79 1644 4.5 13.3 8.0 13.2 8.2 4/4/79 1415 4.5 8.0 10.0 10.4 8.6 4/30/79 1613 4.5 17.5 17.0 10.2 8.0 6/4/79 1535 4.5 14.5 20.0 8.7 8.2 7/10/79 1735 4.5 11.1 22.5 5.6 8.1 8/6/79 1720 4.0 6.4 29.5 6.4 8.3 ll
! 9/10/79 10/10/79 1930 1910 4.0 4.5 11.8 10.1 22.5 10.5 7.3 8.6
<6.2 1
11/6/79 1750 4.5 14.5 11.9 19.9 *
- liydrolab malfunctioning.
l I ; l i 1 I I , I il
B-34 TABLE B-32. EXPOSURE PANEL STATION 17, WATER QITALITY DATA FROM DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGil NOVEMBER,1979 Depth Date Time in Feet Salinity-o/oo Temperature *C 02 PH 12/5/78 1612 1.5 26.4 4.5 12.6 7.7 23.4 *
- 1/9/79 1630 1.5 0.0 2/5/79 1650 1.0 0.6 0.5 17.9 7.3 3/6/79 1712 1.5 17.0 8.0 10.8 8.2 1.5 19.2 11.0 7.3 I 4/4/79 1500 8.0 4/30/79 1648 1.5 17.9 16.0 10.0 8.1 6/4/79 1555 1.5 17.2 18.0 8.5 8.0 7/9/79 1700 1.5 16.6 24.0 7.2 8.1 8/6/79 1805 2.0 28.4 27.5 7.2 9.5 9/10/79 1900 3.0 26.3 22.0
- 8.3 10/10/79 1845 1.5 8.7 7.0** 11.0 7.0 1.5 12.5 11.0 ***
- 11/5/79 1630 u
I
- Hydrolab malfunctioning.
** Northwest wind, shallow water, no sun.
*** Not taken.
I I I I l8 I L _ _ _ . - . - - .
B-35 TABLE B-33. MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM WATER QUALITY VALUES OBSERVED DURING EACH MONTH AT EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY FROM DECEMBER, 1978. THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 (N=20 except where noted) Date Mean Standard Deviation Minimum Maximum Dec 1978 7.6 0.9510 4.5 9.0 Jan 1979 1.7 1.6889 0.0 5.0 Feb -0.3 0.6406 -1.0 1.5 Mar 7.9 2.2203 4.8 12.5 Apr 9.4 1.2232 7.0 11.5 Temperature May 17.2 1.9578 14.0 21.0 (*C) Jun 21.0 2.0518 16.3 24.5 Jul 24.5 2.1775 19.0 27.9 Aug 28.8 2.2449 24.0 33.0 Sep 21.1 7.4558 20.5 27.0 Oct 13.8 2.8422 7.0 18.2 Nov 13.0 1.7851 10.5 16.9 Dec 1978 24.0 1.8297 21.3 27.9 Jan 1979 19.0 5.6644 3.0 27.0 Feb 8.9(1) 8.0412 0.1 20.6 Mar 14.9 4.0746 6.9 24.1 Apr 14.2 4.8314 4.7 23.3 Salinity (o/co) May 19.0 2.'406 12.7 22.9 Jun 14.8 4.0857 5.8 20.2 Jul 18.4 5.0910 9.2 29.9 Aug 20.4 5.1386 6.4 28.4 Sep 19.8 4.6394 8.1 27.0 Oct 13.6 3.7712 4.6 19.2 Nov 15.6 3.4427 9.5 25.5 ~ Dec 1978 7.8 0.3413 7.3 8.4 - Jan 1979 * * *
- Feb 7.2 0.3703 6.5 7.9 Mar 8.0 0.3980 7.4 8.7 Apr 8.1 0.7212 7.1 9.1 pil May 8.0 0.2624 7.4 8.5 Jun 7.6 0.4298 6.9 8.3 p Jul 8.6 0.3348 8.1 9.0 L Aug 8.9 0.6150 7.4 9.8 Sep 7.4(2) 1.0937 5.8 8.6 Oct 6.7 0.4740 5.3 7.2 Nov * * *
- Dec 1978 11.8 0.9523 9.3 13.0 Jan 1979 * * *
- Feb 16.6 0.6220 15.2 17.9 Mar 12.0 1.1914 9.7 13.6 Apr 11.0 0.7073 8.9 12.2
- Dissolved Oxygen May 10.4 0.7466 8.5 11.6 (mg/1) Jun 8.3 0.8395 5.7 9.4 7 Jul 8.0 1.1426 5.6 9.6 Aug 7.9(3) 0.9944 6.4 9.4 Sep * * *
- Oct 10.5(1) 1.1577 7.3 12.3 Nov 10.6(1) 2.1950 9.4 '19.4
- No data obtained due to malfunction of Hydrolab.
(1) N=19 - (2) N=ll (3)~N=17
m e e e e m e e e num e eM mM ee l 90 _ so - . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ,,. . . a .y.m._ : .,
..s.......................................................................................................
so . , n, Q. .
*'../../
./
. '/ / s /
g
- s. .* .
(., 1973 7 0 --
/,-
- /
\*
Optirum Range for + 1978 5~ / \. . norer dreedinn, i3- 30*C /f 1977 s ,,.* . .N N
//
y ! ./ 7b d 6 0 --
\.
*\ N
. 1979
*/
/ ****.***** l 2 N N .,,,,- /
g M- a......................................................,,,,,,,,,,,,. .,
,_,,jr y .... y9..................
,,g,,,,,.,,.,,,,,,g,,_,,,
n 50 - *N * \ / c s .* % . N ./ /
} *s,**.ikgg.........., . ~. . /..***//
~ " " " " "
40 -
=
a 30
- Plant Down
. .- r- 1975 Sean'a aa= ..................
1976 I , 1977 i
-.-.- -.-.-.-.-. .-. .- .. . . - . . . , _ , . . , _ jg 4
, _ ,_, 197o
- I a i i e a i e i i i i Jun 1 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun FIGURE B-2. It0NTilLY AVERACE WATER TEMPERATURE *F AT OYSTER CREEK RAILROAD BRIDGE Fu .it ::E. 1975 THR0l'GH NOVI:MBER,1979 BY SEASON. Temperature data - one reading only for October and November. 1979.
Data from Jersey Central Power and Light Company.
B-37 The optimum temperature range for breeding of teredinids has been established at 13*-30*C (Table B-34). For the period December, 1978 through November, 1979, these temperature values were attained at all stations beginning in May and extending through September, 1979. The minimal temperature of 13*C was maintained in October and November at 15 of the 20 stations, with Stations 12, 13, 14, 16, and 17 having values lower than 13*C. Temperatt<res recorded at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 8, all within the discharge area, were usually 2* to 4* higher than at other stations. Results obtained during this report period are comparable to those observed in previous years: water temperatures typically reach the 13"C level in April or May, and breeding level temperatures are I not maintained beyond October except in isolated instances (Richards et al., 1979, p. B-3). Ice was reported only in January and February, 1979. Up to two inches of ice was reported in January at Stations 2, 3, 4, 4A, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16, with some slush ice at Stations 6, 10A, and 17. I In Fe b rua ry , ice up to three inches thick was reported at Stations 1, 3, 4A, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, with eight inches of ice at Station 17 and slush ice at Stations 2, 6, 10A, and 10B. All other stations were open. Figure B-2 shows the time periods when the generating plant was not operating. The major portion of the plant down-time this past season occurred during the spring. When the plant was not operating on February 6, 1979, temperature readings at stations in Oyster Creek were below 0*C, as they were throughout most of Barnegat Bay. Since the plant was down for only two days at this t.ime, it is doubtful if little or any winter-kill of shipworms in Oyster Creek might have resulted. Even though the plant was nc t operating for most of the month of May, 1979, the ambient 'I water temperati.res throughout the area were high enough by the first week of May to support breeding by teredinids. I I I
l TABLE B-34. KNOW'; WATER OUALITY RANGES FOR TEREDI'? IDS PRESFNT I?! BAR'iEGAT BAY
~
Species Temperature-C Salinity-o/oo 02 pli Reference Teredo r:avalic Adult 2-35 5-32 - - Turner, 1973 , release larvae 13-30 - - - Turner, 1973 settle 23-31 10-30 Richards, 1978 Adults 4-5 .%wa t a r i , 1950 Lab 0.98 mg/l Roch, F., 1432 "atural 9.50-10.30 mg/l
?
Banhia gouldi y I Adult ' 5-33 10-35 Turner, 1973 spawn 17.5-30 10-32 Turner, 1973 16-20 Scheltena and ) Truitt, 1954 settle 24-27 Masnik, 1977 l ! Adult 14-35 >2-3 Allen, 1924 Terado furcifera Adult 24-33 15 Karande, 1068 Teredo bartschi Richards et i settle 18.6-30.5 17-19
- al. 1978 p
l 1 l _. _
I r B-39 f An analysis of variance (Tables B-35 through B-38) was per-formed on water quality parameters observed during the teredinid breed-g ing season. No significant dif ferences were found in pil (Table B-35) ' l i or dissolved oxygen (Table B-36) among the stations. Some differences were detected in temperature (Table B-37) and salinity (Table B-38). l These results are plotted in Figure B-3 (salinity) and Figure B-4 (temperature). Salinity ranges are similar to those plotted last l year (Richards et al., 1979, Figure B-3), indicating that the pattern i of salinity values between stations is similar. Although there are , differences between stations, all values are within the ranges given t for teredinid breeding (Table B-34). I
- As indicated in Figure B-4, the temperature values at the f stations within Oyster Creek, especially Stations 6, 7, and 8, have l values higher than those at stations outside the creek. Ilowever, this f
f l
- would be of importance only if the temperatures were maintained above 13*C during the winter months, (December through March), thus possibly ex-
) tending the teredinid breeding season. Such does not appear to be the
- case.
i lI
!I
i ,!I l l !I I I
B-40 I I I TABLE B-M . Two FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF pil RECORDED DURING TIIE BREEDING SEASON IN llARNEGAT BAY BY STATION AND MONTil FOR TIIE PERIOD JULY, 1975, TIIROUCil NOVEMBER, 1979 I Sum of Squares DF Mean Squares F of F Significance Source of Variation Month 24.06 7 3.44 4.74 1001 ! 0.933* Statlan 7.71 19 0.41 0.56 Month / Station 64.64 131 0.49 0.68 0.995* Interaction I Residual 286.51 395 0.61 Tota 1 382.80 552
- g
- I *= 18" 1 < 1 <- "1"-< -
lI i lI I I I I l l
i i i B-41 i 1 TABLE B-36. TWO FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN RECORDED DURING TIIE BREEDING SEASON IN BARNEGAT BAY BY STATION AND MONTil FOR Tile ll PERIOD JULY,1975, TilROUGli NOVEMBER,1979
= Sum of Mean Significance Source of Variation Squares DF Squares F of F Month 5164.66 7 737.81 183.10 1.001 Station 125.47 19 6.60 1.64 0.045 * .I Month / Station 209.28 131 1.60 0.40 0.999*
Interaction 1 Residual 1591.65 395 4.03 Total 7121.10 552 4 l
- No significant difference.
I I 'I i I l
i I 1 I 1 1 t
1 5 B-42 l i l I TABLE B-37. TWO FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF TEMPERATURE RECORDED DURING Tile BREEDING SEASON IN BARNECAT BAY BY STATION AND MONTil FOR Tile PERIOD JULY,1975, TilROUGli NOVEMBER, 1979 , Sum of Mean Significance l Source of Variation Squares DF Squares F of F Month 49472.60 7 7067.52 1137.55 50.001 i Station 734.98 19 38.68 6.23 10.001 Month / Station 410.25 131 3.13 0.50 0.999* Interaction 'I Residual 2454.11 395 6.21 Total 52913.43 552 i i l
- No significant difference.
I 1 l I I l I !I 1 lI I I
j B-43 il il
; TABLE B-38 TUO FACTOR ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE OF SALINITY RECORDED DURING Tile i BREEDING SEASON IN BARNEGAT BAY BY STATION AND MONTH FOR Tile PERIOD JULY, 1975, TPROUGli NOVEMBER,1979 f !I l
Sum of Mean Significance fg Source of Variation Squares DF Squares F of F Ig Month 3848.10 7 549.73 19.76 10.001 Station 4829.11 19 254.16 9.14 50.001 l < Month / Station 2761.86 131 21.08 0.76 0.969* Interaction Residual 10990.13 395 27.82 Total 22509.02 552 i
- No significant difference.
i l l I I I lI lI
26 - 25 - 24 - 23 - 22 - 21 - I I I f
=
c 20 - k k & C D 19 _ I f -
.5 y 18 -
17 - 16 - f I 15 - f 14 - 4 13 - I 12 1 I iiiI I I I I i l i i i i i 1 6 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Station FIGURE B-3. COMPARISON ON MEAN BREEDING SEASON SALINITY AS A RESULT OF ANOVA (a=0.05) FOR STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY AUGUST,1975, THR01'Gli NOVEMBER, 1979
18.0 - O 17.5 - .. O O 17.0 - O 16.5 - C C v .. . o ! b-
% 16.0 u g ..
=
Q 3 C. () >
~'
O - i O i " 15.5 _ _ j 0 .. O O . 0 0 i 15.0 - .. 0 0 O O ! O 14.5 __ O . .. 4 I I I I I I I I i l l l 1 I I I I I I i 1 2 3 4 4A 5 6 7 8 9 10 10A 10B 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Station l FIGURE B-4. MEAN TEMPERATURE VALUES AND INTERVAL OF SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE OVER BREEDING SEASON AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT JAY AUGUST, 1975, TPROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979
t l
!" B-46 1
! Literature Cited Richards, B. R. , C. I. Belmore , and R. E. Ilillman. 1979. Woodborer Study j Associated with the Oyster Creek Cenerating Station. Annual j Report for the Period December 1, 1977 to November 30, 1978 I to Jersey Central Power & Light Company, Report No. 14893. l 8 1 lI i i it 1 il il I i 1 il lI ,I 'I I I
B I APPENDIX C BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Table of Contents Page gm Introduction.................................................... C-1 Materials and Methods........................................... C-2 Results and Discussion................. ........................ C-4 Conad Analysis............................................. C-4 llistopathology............................................. C-12 Literature Cited................................................ C-24 List of Tables Table C-1. Number of Specimens and Stage of Conad Development of Teredine Borers in Exposure Panels at Stations in I Barnegat Bay, New Iersey From December, 1978, through November, 1979............................................. C-6 Table C-2. Monthly Oecurrence of Minchinia sp. in Teredo navalis Removed From Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay From Decemi.sr, 1978, Through November, 1979... C-14 I Table C-3. Monthly Occurrence of Minchinia sp. in Teredo hartechi Removed From Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay From December, 1978, Through November, 1979... C-15 Table C-4. 'Ionthly Occurrence of Beveria teredinidi Cysts in Bankia gouldi Removed From Exposure Panels at Stations in Barnegat Bay From December,19.'8, Through November,1979. . . C-19 List of Figures I Figure C-1. Incidence of Minehinia sp. in Teredo navalis From all Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay Monthly From August, 1975, Through November, 1979....................... C-16 l Figure C-2. Incidence of Minchinia sp. in Teredo bartschi From i all Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay Monthly From August, 1975, Through November, 1979....................... C-17
= Figure C-3. Incidence of Boveria teredinidi Encystment in Bankia gouldi From all Exposure Panel Stations in Barnegat Bay Monthly from August, 1975, through November, 1979...... C-21 1
I
l l il List of Figures (continued) Page Figure C-4. Encysted Boveria ceredinidi in Hepatopancreas of Bankia gouldi. Notice metaplastic condition of hepato-pancreatic tubules, and massive leukocytic infiltration.... C-22 I , 1 i I I il i l il i I i I I I lI I I
i C-1 APPENDIX C BORER DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS Introduction l l The role of temperature in regulating reproductive cycles in marine invertebrates is well-known (e.g., Loosanoff, 1942). The ther-mal plume from the Oyster Creek Generating Station, t here fo re , could have an effect on the normal reproductive cycles of the teredinid borers in those areas influenced by the plume. Alteration of the normal cycles theoretically could occur in one or more ways. Initiation of gonadal development could be earlier than expected in the thermally-affected areas, resulting in earlier , than normal spavaing. Given the short time necessary for newly-settled larvae to ben me sexually mature (Turner, 1966), some could settle and ' spawn within one season. Should the waters in a given area be warmer than those of surrounding areas not affected by the thermal plume, the breeding period might be extended well into the fall. l I Such alterations in the normal reproductive cycles can be l i g ascertained qualitatively through examination of the various stages of W gonad development in the borers. Histological studies of gonads of the various teredine borers were begun, therefore, to assess the develop-mental stages of the gonads from borers in the areas affected by the f thermal plume and to compare those stages with those of gonads from borers in non-affected areas. Data through August, 1977 (Richards et j al., 1978) did not suggest any major alteration in breeding patterns around Barnegat Bay. The studies continued, and the data reported j below summarize the results of the observations made throughout the I program from August, 1975 through November, 1979. The occurrence of a species of protozoan parasite in the various species of Tercdo in Barnegat Bay was discussed in a previous annual report by Battelle to Jersey Central Power & Light (Richards et l I I I
i 1 i C-2 !I j al., 1978). Becauce of the of ten extensive tissue damage to Teredo, ) it was felt that this parasite could have an ef fect on the abundance and distribution of the borers in Barnegat Bay, and could help to ex- )W l plain some of the variations in abundance observed during the overall program. For that reason, more extensive observations of the histo-t pathology of the shipworms collected for gonad analysis were begun in January, 1977. The results of these histopathological studies will also be reported on here. it Materials and Methods i i Teredine borers were removed in the laboratory from exposure
- panels retrieved from Barnegat Bay. Details of the retrieval schedule I for standard panels are given in Appendix A. With the six-month retrie-val schedule, there were three months of the year (April through June) when no borers were recovered from the panels because they were immersed j when no larvae were settling on the panels. In order to obtain gonad
! information during those critical spring periods, two special panels, retrieved on an annual basis, were installed in May and June of 1976 at each station. This enabled us to obtain some information on the early spring gonadal patterns. In addition, separate racks were in-1 stalled at Stations 2, 7, 11, 12, and 17 to provide additional infor- } mation on the parasites of Teredd. The panels on these racks are j exposed for a 12 months cycle. Upon removal from the exposure panels, the shipworms are i placed in one of a variety of fixatives. During the initial portion i
\
""*""*d ' " " " " "'" ""b""'
i5 l5 Ohio facility for sectioning, they were fixed in Bouin's fixative. l Since processing was begun at the Duxbury facility the specimens have f been fixed in Zenker's, Davidson's, and mo.st recently, Helly's fixative. j Each of the fixatives is suitable for the original purpose of the study, i.e., gonad analysis. Helly's fixative, however, may be more useful for pathology studies as well as the gonad studies. !l 4 !I lI _ - __ __- _ _ _ - , _ _ , , . . _ - - . , , . . . - - _ , . - _ , _ , - - , _ _ _ _ . , . , _ , _ _ _ . _ , . . . _ _ , ,,w.,.,
. _ . _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ ~ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
l C-3 The speci:nens were fixed for 24 hours, followed by rinsing with 70 percent denatured ethanol. The gonad-containing portion of each shipworm was excised, dehydrated further in ethanol, placed in two changes of methylbenozate and cleared in three changes of xylene. They were embedded in Paraplast and sectioned at six microns. Since January, 1978 at least two slides of each specimen have been prepared. One slide has been stained in hematoxylin and cosin for gonad analysis; the second slide has been stained with Masson's trichrome and used with the hema-toxylin and eosin-stained slides for pathological analysis. On occasions when it appears useful to better visualize parasites, slides have been stained with acridine orange, a fluorescent stain, which highlights the various parasites seen in the sections. The slides were examined microscopically to determine the stage of gonad development at the time the exposure panels were removed from the water. Because the Teredinidae are bivalve molluscs, the I characteristics of gonad development are similar to those of other bivalves and a classification of developmental stages used by other investigators enmining gonads of various bivalves (e.g., Ropes and Stickney, 1965; Ropes, 1968; Holland and Chew, 1974) was suitable. The various phases of gonad development were characterized as follows: Female Conads
- 1. Early active phase - Ovogonia occurred at the periphery and within the alveolar walls; nuclei of ovogonia con-tained basophilic nucleoli. The alveolar walls were I not completely contracted and lumina were evident in most gonads.
- 2. Late active phase - Large ovocytes were attached to the alveolar wall and protruded into the alveolar lumen.
The ovocyte nucleus was large and contained a basophilic nucleolus.
- 3. Ripe phase - The shipworm was considered ripe when the number of ovocytes that had become detached from the I alveolar wall and were free in the lumen of the alveolus exceeded the number still attached to the alveolar wall.
I I I
I C-4
- 4. Partially spawned phase - A few ovocytes were still attached to the thickened alveolar wall, and some re-sidual ripe ova remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase - Alveoli were usually empty of ripe ovo-cytes and those that remained were undergoing cytolysis.
Male Gonads
- 1. Early active phase - Shipworms in the early active phase contained darkly staining spermatogonia in the thickened alveolar wall.
- 2. Late active phase - This phase was characterized by the proliferation and maturation of spermatocytes, most of I which had migrated toward the center of the alveolus. A central lumen was present in the alveolus and occasionally a small number of spermatozoa were present in the lumen.
- 3. Ripe phase - In the ripe phase, the alveolar lumen was crowded with darkly-stained spermatozoa.
- 4. Partially spawned phase - A small number of spermatozoa remained in the alveolar lumen.
- 5. Spent phase - Alveoli in the spent phase contained very few or no spermatozoa.
Hermaphroditic gonads were characterized according to the conditions of both the ovocytes and spermatocytes within the various alveoli. The slides were numbered consecutively according to sample number, and gonad condition was noted for each sample. The phase designations of the gonads were correlated with the species and station I designations only after the gonads were characterized. This tended to eliminate any possible bias for station or season. l The slides were also examined for any pathological conditions, including parasites. I Results and Discussion Gonad Analysis From August, 1975, through November,1978, a total of 1,363
= teredinid borers were examined histologically for gonad condition. This I
I
C-5 number includes 494 Teredo navalis, 24 Teredo furcifera, 98 Teredo hartachi, 48 immature Terado too small to be identified te species, and 699 Banhia gouldi. The data from those observations were reported in the annual report to Jersey Central Power 6 Light Company for the period December 1, 1977, through November 30, 1978 (Richards et al., 1979). From December 1,1978, through November 30, 1979, an additional 351 T. navalia, 207 T. bartachi, 5 immature Terado and 403 B. gouldi were examined. The results of these examinations are tabulated in Table C-1. In general, no effect of the thermal plume on gonadal cycles, j i except perhaps within the discharge canal, has been demonstrated. The reproductive patterns of the various species of teredinid borers occurring j within the study area over the period of the report are discussed below. Terado navalia. Teredo navalis occurred at 17 of the 20 stations, an increase of 7 stations since last year's report. At Station 1, Barr.egat Inlet, ripe gonads were again found in January and February, as they have been in previous years. Spawning appears to occur at least into October. At Stations 2 and 17, ripe gonads occurred in April with spawning occurring into November. None of these stations is in the I therma 1ly-affected areas. I Relatively few Teredo navalia are collected from sites within the thermal plume. One partially spawned T. navalia was noted, along with 7 spent individuals at Station 7 in January. Since that apparently is not unusual for T. navalis outside the thermal effluent, it is not possible to attribute that stage of development to thermal influence.
"'aredo bartachi. During this report period T. bartschi occurred at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 10A. Spawning was taking place at Stations 5, 6, and 7 throughout the winter months. At Station 10A, specimens of T. Lartschi were collected only from September through November, but partfally spent gonads were found during that time, in-
! dicating that spawning was occurring at least into November. i It is probable that the extended breeding season at Stations 5, 6, and 7 was a direct result of the thermal effluent. I l I i 1 1 I
l C-6 l TABLE C-1. NUMBERS OF SPECIMENS AND STAGE OF GONAD DEVELOPMENT OF TEREDINE BORERS IN EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY, NEW JERSEY FROM DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 EA=Early active; LA= Late active; R= Ripe; PS= Partially spawned; S= Spent; NG=No discernable gonad 1978 1979 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station a
% EA 5 1 8 4 8 LA 4 8 7 I 3R
'o P S 1 7 3 3
3 4 2 11 2 1 1 dS 1 1 13 11 t, C NG 1 3
~{ t y, EA 1 1 2 2 1
) I J LA 5i R [ PS 3 7 3 2 1 2 5 2 1 5 6 1 1 10 4 8 1 2 1 OS 1 7 15 13 I $ NG 1 1 1 2 ! j 2
. EA 1 S LA 2
*R
*{5 PS aS l I El NG l -
l t EA I 2 LA I BR
,9 PS
<I yS S NG 1 t< fj EA i a LA ! $R
't1 PS
AS l 5 NG 1 l E *ta ! 3 L\ l 2 1 2 2 h I $ LA 3 PS R 2 1 4
'E S 2 M NG 1 1 I
i 7 I C-7 TABLE C-1. Continued i k l l I 1978 1979 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station U EA i 2 LA l 3R l c PS Ij S 1 C Sc t -* 4A
;g EA N LA 1 1
[[IPSR 2 jS 1 F; NG 1 1 1 ed c2
% EA i I S LA OR o PS 1 i
'O S l h c Sc
*!! EA 1 1
)LA adR +
4 5 5 lj y PS 2 3 1 1 g S 5 3 3 1
'I l'
.g NG 3 3 3 4 5 1 1
g 'd? EA 1 1 g @ LA 1 2 O' R l 1 J 3 PS jl j' S dj NG 1 , l
- m 1 t)
I U EA I E LA I OR i "oU PS S E o NG 3 h 6 .I *$EA P3 la i I YR 3 ; 1 8 2 PS 5 E 3 7 l S 2 4 2 'a $ Nc g , l -
i i l I C-8
;
I TABLE C-1. Continued j I 1978 1979 Jan Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station I Dec Feb to
- EA
} ",e LA
5R 'I l o PS lS 1 7 1 f fj NG - t, i .o EA
! "E iA 1 21 R 3 3 4
I O fi PS 7 5 1 10 5 k#2 S 5 7 7 2 8 14 5 ti NG 1 3 3 1 1 2 7 12 5 7
- d. E A 1 c.
m LA I ,9 R ej PS
, GS
' ' NG 1
]
;OEA 2
- I "$ LA 0,R e PS 1 1 1
'OS 4 lE M NG 2 i
3 5 -- m lg ;d EA
!W "3 LA 8
l 8.R i e PS 1
> %..S G NG 2
'l tu i to
- = % EA 1 E LA
.i e ! eR I
qPS 1 pg 1 l G
- s. NG lg 9
) 9 EA 1
1 t LA l i co 3R I i a tv2PS 1 i W l G 1
l i I I u-9 l 1 I TABLE C-1. Continued 'I 1978 1979 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sen Oct Nov Station tg
~
o EA P.2 LA 1 l l UN o PS u N G, 1 2 L4 0 'I :Ti EA
*$ LA 1
f 4 I I {sR e PS
+.'
S 1 1 6 NG 1 I 1 a. a e ts "N EA ,E F} LA 1 3 "R O PS i PS t NC 1 1 i f
'$ EA S LA
= OER
*u u i
p .o PS l 1 10A
~
i 2 2 2 i i li NG 1 4 i ) 5 1 1 l $$ EA a LA 2
- o i e>R 2 l e PS 7
: 3 1 6
& NG
~
2 3 na EA
!] LA b p' s:
- i
.a P S eS A
1 i e NG ,g ts 10B '3 .o EA 1 1
'a y w LA n
oR 1 e tn 9 PS 1
.v 8 3 6 1 2 m NG 1 I
l I i l C-10 I TABLE C-1. Continued I 1978 1979 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr Ray Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station I o
;tj EA 2 2 1 i y LA 5 1 2 I
I gR o PS
'dS 2
1 1 1 20 1 2 5 2
'g $ NG g
1 11 EA 6 4 1 2 4 4
'j LA
i I ",4 R
-[j @, PS "O S 2
5 1 1 2 11 7 1 2 10 3 2 16 14 S NG 3 1 2 2 l i g ;) EA g g LA gR ) i o PS 4 3 l
}$ S
- .o NG ,
l 12 lg - EA 1 1 3 5 lm ;i$ LA 2 3R 7 8 1 3 O. PS 11
! "E S 1 7 10
! M NG 1 1 5 i i
't
,1= y EA 1 {j LA .; 2R i "O PS ! ES 1 1 ! E3 NG 1 13 EA 8 - 1 1 5 2 gj LA
,l gR 2 1 1 l5
. e o PS 1 / i ! lO D S 7 l 6 NG 1 2 m I I
[ C-11 I L IAEL" 0-1. Continued L 1978 1979 Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Station 4 k MM 1 1 b E LA 1 2 2 SR 1 ( q PS 4 L RS g NG 14 12 1 1 1 3 { .,, EA
$ LA 3
7 2 1 1 1 10 gR 6 3 [ . g %PS
" 2 4 8 L S f NG 9 2 1
[ , M EA 1 E LA 1 { ER
@ dS 1 1 1
gS 1 [ g NG
.,, EA 15
] LA 1 gR
,g WPS a s 1 f NG tg M EA 1 2
[ ELS ER 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
,@ PS 1 1 4 8 RS 2 g NG 1 17
[ EA 1 1
.g 3 LA
@R p 3 WPS
^'
L S f NG r L [ m-1,w-w,- ,--n.,,-n,- - - - - . - ~ , ,,.n.,-..,--.,.-.--_-_,n-
- - - . ,-..,_, ,--- --, n , -- - - . - , - , - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
C-12 Bankia gouldi, For the first time during the study, B. gouldi, occurring at 16 of the 20 stations, appeared at fewer exposure panel stations than T. navalis. It was not collected at Stations 1, 2, 6, and 16, and was relatively uncommon at the thermally affected sites. Enere it did occur, it continued to exhibit normal gonadal development patterns. Gonadal activity usually begins in late winter with ripening of the gonads in mid to late spring. Spawning occurs into October. One speci-men with a ripe gonad, and one with a partially spawned gonad were I collected from thermally affected Station 7 in November, but no speci-mens with less than spent gonads, other than early to late active stages, were f mud at any of the other sites in November or December. It should be pointed out that during the spawning months (.Nne I through October) almost all stages of gonad development can be cbserved. This is primarily because the teredinid borers are precocious, and a larva that sets in June can be ripe and spawning in July. The set from that spawning can probably be producing its own young less than two months later. For example, in Table 9 of 3attelle's Seventeenth Quar-terly Report (September 15, 1979), it can be seen that all 7 T. navalis j collected from the one-month panel at Station 11 in August were ripe, and the one collected at Station 9 that same month had already spawned. The set f rom that spawning was probably in the early to late active I phase by October. This phenonmenon is likely to account for the large number of early and late active phases observed in the winter months. Gonadal development can begin in young shipworms in the early fall when the water is still warm, and it continues until the water cools. The gonads then remain in that stage until the unspawned gametes are resorbed. Histopathology Observations of the incidence of parasitic infections in the borers from Barnegat Bay continued through the current reporting period. The principal parasites affecting the borers are a species of the proto-zoan genus Minchinia, which has been found in all species of Teredo collected from Barnegat Bay (Hillman, 1978 and 1979a), and a ciliated
I C-13 I protozoan, Boveria teredinidi, which is not normally parasitic but which has been shown to infect a substantial number of Bankia gouldi (Hillman, 1979b). The results of the histopathological observations are dis-cussed below. Minchinia sp. Teredo. During the period from December, 1978, through November, 1979, Minchinia sp. occurred only in Teredo navalis and T. barcachi, although only one infected T. bartschi was found out of 209 examined during that time. The monthly occurrence of I Minchinia sp. In Teredo navalis at each station is shown in rable C-2, and in T. barts9hi in Table C-3. Infections in Teredo navalis occurred only at Stations 1, 2,
.g W 10A, 11, and 17, although T. navalis was collected at all stations except Stations 4, 8, and 16. The heaviest infections continued to be at Stations 1, 2, and 17. At Station 17, over half of all T. navalis examined through the year were infected with Minchinia sp. , and at Station 2 almost half of all specimens examined contained the parasite.
Incidence of the disease in Teredo navalis continues to appear cyclic, with the greatest percentage of infected specimens ocaurring in the late fall and early winter. In October, approximately 52 percent of all Teredo navalis examined were infected. This percentage jumped to approximately 71 in November. Of the 38 T. navalis examined from Stations 1, 2, and 17 in November, 35 contained some life cycle stage oE Vinchinia. Teredo bartschi occurred only at Stations 5, 6, 7, and 10A. Of the 207 specimens examined, only one was infected. That infection occurred at Station 10A in November. Figures C-1 and C-2 show the monthly incidence of Minchinia infection in Teredo navalis and T. bartschi respectively for the area as a whole from August, 1975, through November, 1979. As stated above, the infection rate has a tendency to be higher In the late fall than at any other period. This could be due to a number I I l
TABLE C-2. MONTHLY OCCURRENCE OF Elinchinia sp. IN Taredo navalis REMOVED FROM EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM DECEMBER, 1978 THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 1978 1979 Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Ncv Total Percent Stations Dec Jan 1 4/10 0/15 4/15 0/9 1/10 0/7 0/2 0/14 10/17 10/11 29/110 26.4 45/107 1
- 2 0/4 0/2 0/3 0/4 0/3 0/9 4/13 0/1 0/12 10/21 17/19 14/16 42.0 3 0/7 0/1 0/8 0 4
4A 0/1 0/1 0 5 0/1 0/1 0 6 0/3 0/3 0 7 0/8 0/1 0/9 0 8 9 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/3 0 y l " 0/1 0/2 0/3 0 10 1 i 10A 0/2 1/12 1/14 7.1
! 10B 0/1 0/1 0 11 0/3 0/3 0/1 0/2 0/21 0/9 0/2 1/3 1/44 2.3 12 0/4 0/2 0/6 0 f 13 0/1 0/1 0/2 0 14 0/2 0/2 0/7 0/1 0/12 0 15 0/1 0/2 0/3 0/6 0 16 17 0/1 1/2 0/3 0/2 0/1 2/3 0/1 1/3 2/4 11/11 17/31 54.8 i
l Total 4/22 1/10 4/19 0/19 0/5 1/23 6/24 0/4 1/42 10/54 30/58 36/51 93/361 25.8 i Percent 18.2 3.3 21.0 0 0 4.3 25.0 0 2.4 18.5 51.7 70.6 l
f l TABLE C-3. MONTHLY OCCURRENCE OF Mir:chinia sp. IN Torede bartschi REMOVED FROM EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS l IN BAR'JEGAT BAY FROM DECEMBER, 1978, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979 l 1978 1979 Stations Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total Percent i 1 2 l l 3 4 4A 5 0/10 0/6 0/5 0/4 0/16 0/7 0/1 0/49 0 6 0/2 0/5 0/3 0/8 0/9 0/27 0 l 7 0/9 0/8 0/15 0/1 0/9 0/4 0/28 0/34 0/10 0/118 0
! 8 I o 9 4 10 10A 0/4 0/2 1/7 1/13 7.7 i 10B i ; 11 4
- 12 1
1 13 i 14 j 15 l 16 i } 17 i Total 0/12 0/6 0/19 0/8 0/15 0/1 0/9 0/4 0/32 0/57 0/27 1/17 1/207 0.5 Percent 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5.9 i l
i I . I l - I l I k 6 60 _ l P 50 - Total number of specimens exas 1 Total number of specimens infe 40 { 5
, y 30 -
h' u 2 z 20 - i i
;
~
10 - o ,- , .
,A v. r-,, r v A S O N D J F M A S 0 N D J F M A M J J A S l 1975 1976 1977
)
FIGURE C-1. INCIDENCE OF Minchinia sp. IN Teredo navalis FR01 AUGUST, 1975, THROUGH NOVEMBER, 1979
C-16 l i !
.ned ted Y
0 N D y ev Y. y 9 rYY J F M A M J J A S 0 N D J F M A J M J A S 0 N 1978 1979 c h ALL EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY MONTHLY FROM
f t [
- l l
r j' 60 -l 1 50 - Total number of specimens ex.im' Total numb >r of specimens infe 2 40 - 5 e i f 5 5 30 - w 1
= l l' Z 20 -
10 - 0 O rm i i : : : i i : i : : : i ) [ A S 0 N D J F M A S 0 N D J F M A M J J A
! 1975 1976 1977 t
.i FIGURE C-2. INCIDENCE OF Minchinia sp. IN Teredo FROM AUGUST, 1975, THROUGH NOVEMBER,
S, 1 l c-17 l t I
\
i ined sted
'- ~
I I i I I I i 4 l l 3 I i I i i I 5 5 5 I I 5 I I I I i 0 N D J F M A M J J 0 A S N D J F M A M J J A S 0 N 1978 1979 { urtschi FROM ALL EXPOSURE PANEL STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY MONTHLY l974
I C-18 of factors. The infection is most easily seen when the plasmodia are well developed or when the spores are visible, and this could be during the warmer months. The initial stages of development of the parasite are difficult to observe and may be overlooked in the winter and spring. At this time, it is not known how infection occurs. That is, it is not known whether spores are released and are somehow taken into an unin-fected shipworm or whether a single cell stage is released and becomes the infective agent. Also, the extent of mortality caused by the parasite has not been determined. There is extensive tissue damage in I heavily infected specimens and it is quite likely that there is also extensive mortality. Studies to determine this are difficult to set up because of the inability to expose known quantities of uninfect ed specimens to the disease. Mortality effects may be able to be inferred from abundance data, however (see Appendix A). Because of the lack of specimens of Terado bartschi earlier in the program, little can be said about infection rates in that species. Two of the 5 specimens examined in Novamber, 1976 carried the parasite. There were no specimens for examination for almost a year subsequent to that time. When they did start to appear again in the fall of 1977, in-fection rates were relatively high (Figure C-2). No infections were observed from March, 1978 until November, 1979 despite the dramatic in-crease in the number of T. bartschi collected. In November, 1979 only 1 specimen out of 17 examined contained evidence of the parasite. It is possible that because of the relatively .solated conditions of the T. barbachi populations that a parasite-resistant strain has been deve-loped in the effluent area. That the parasite in still active in other Teredo species in Barnegat Bay can be seen from the incidence of in-fection in T. nava Hs in late 1979 (Figure C-1). Infections in specimens from the 12-month panels are not necessarily more severe than from the standard 6-month panels, but in general, the tissues of specimens recovered from the 12-tronth panels show more stress effects (see quarterly data reports). Much of this might come from severe conditions imposed on the overwintering specimens.
TABLE C-4. MONTHLY OCCURRENCE OF Boveria tercdinfli C' STS IN Bankia gculdi REMOVED FROM EXPOSURE PANELS AT STATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY FROM DECEMBER, 1 /8, THROUGH NOVEMBER,1979 1978 1979 Stations Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Total Percent 1 2 3 0/1 0/1 0 4 0/1 0/2 0/1 0/2 1/1 0/4 0/2 0/3 1/16 6.2 4A 0/1 0/3 0/2 0/1 0/7 0 5 0/1 0/2 0/2 0/3 0/1 0/9 0 6 7 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/4 0 l I 8 0/2 0/2 0
- 9 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/3 0 [
] 10 0/1 0/1 1/2 1/4 25.0 10A 1/5 0/1 0/1 0/2 0/12 1/7 1/9 3/37 8.1 10B 0/2 0/1 0/1 0/1 - 0/5 0/2 0/12 0
- 11 1/6 0/7 0/1 0/3 0/4 0/4 0/8 0/3 1/29 3/18 7/21 7/16 19/120 15.8 1
12 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/9 0/22 0/14 1/15 1/63 6.2 13 0/8 0/3 0/1 0/5 0/11 0/6 2/9 2/43 4.5 14 0/3 0/12 0/10 0/3 0/2 0/14 0/18 1/8 2/9 3/79 3.8 l 15 0/1 0/1 0/2 0 l
16 1 17 0/1 0/1 0 Total 2/31 0/28 0/12 0/3 0/5 0/9 0/15 0/4 2/64 3/95 9/68 14/69 30/403 7.4 Percent 6.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.1 3.1 13.2 20.3
C-20 Bovaria encystment in Bankia pouldi. Table C-4 shows the incidence of leukocytic encystment by Bankia gouldi of the ciliated Protozcan Boveria teredinidi from December, 1978 through November, 1979. For the most part, encystment was light throughout most of that period, with none being found from January through August. Incidence of encyst-ment increased considerably from September through November, with about l 20 percent of all B. gouldi collected in November showing the infection. . Of the 16 stations at which Bankia gouldi were collected during this report period, cysts were seen at seven. The highest percentage of in-fected specimens, 25 percent, was at Station 10, but that was the result of only one infectei specimen out of four examined. At Station ll, however, 19 of 120 specimens examined, or approximately 16 percent showed cysts. The incidence of encystment for the study area from August, 1975 through November, 1979 is shown in Figure C-3. Encystment rates were relatively high during the first year of the study, but declined steadily throughout most of the subsequent months. Since August, 1979, however, the number of Bankia gouldi with cysts has increased sharply, although the percentage of B. gouldi with cysts is still not as high as during the initial phases of the program. Although leukocytic encystment of Boucria teredinidi by Bankia gouldi is not uncommon in Barnegat Bay, it is not a normal feature of the life cycle of B. teredinidi (Hillman, 1979b). The conditions which allow B. tcredinidi to penetrate the tissues of B. gouldi are not yet known, nor is the reason why cysts are found only in B. gouldi and not I in Tercdo species from the same locations, when ciliates have been seen on Tcredo specimens. There is often a great deal of tissue response such as leuko-cytosis and metaplasia of hepatopancreatic tubules (Figure C-4) associated with the incidence of cysts, although these conditions have often been I observet in B. gouldi when no cysts were seen. It is not known at this time whether these conditions are the result of penetration of the
)
tissues by the ciliate or whether the tissues are in weakened condition j l thereby allowing penetration. It is interesting to note that no encyst-I 1 I l
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FIGURE C-3. INCIDENCE OF Bover>ia ter'edinidi ENCYSTMENT IN FROM AUGUST, 1975, THROUGH NOVEMBER 1979
C-21 i I L s examined Infected - l
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J F M T*T" A M J T T" J A S "T" O N D "T"T"T"T"T"Y"T" J F M A M J J A S O N 1978 1979 &2nkia gculdi FROM ALL EXPOSURE PANEL $TATIONS IN BARNEGAT BAY MONTHLY
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- Banhia gouldi. Notice metaplastic condition of I hepatopancreatic tubules, and massive leukocytic inf11tration.
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C-23 ment has been observed in specimens collected from the station closest I to the discharge (Station 8), and very little occurs at the stations in the discharge area. The reasons for this are not clear although a bio-cide ef fect of a chlorinated discharge on the ciliates has been ruled out (Hillman, 1979b). f I ! I
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I C-24 Literature Cited lii11 man, R.E. 1978. The occurrence of Minchinia spp. (Haplosporida, Haplosporidiidae) in species of the mollusce.n borer, Teredo ~I from Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. J. Invert. Path. 31 pp. 265-266. Hillman, R.E. 1979a. Occurrence of Minchinia sp. in species of the molluscan borer, Teredo. Mar. Fish. Rev. 14:21-24. Hillman, R.E. 1979b. Encystment of the ciliate Boveria teredinidi in
" the tiseues of the molluscan woodborer Bankia gouldi in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, J. Invert. Path. 34:78-83.
- E 3 Holland, D.A. and K.K. Chew. 1974. Reproductive cycles of the Manila clam (Vencrupis joponica), from Hood Canal, Washington. Proc.
Natl. Shellf. Assoc. 64:53-58. Loosanoff, V.L. 1942. Seasonal gonadal changes in the adult oysters, Ostrca oirginica, of Long Island Sound. Biol. Bull. 82:195-206.
"ichards, B.R., A.E. Rehm, C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1978. Wood-borer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station.
I Annual Report to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Richards, B.R., C.I. Belmore, and R.E. Hillman. 1979. Woodborer Study Associated with the Oyster Creek Generating Station. Annual Report to Jersey Central Power & Light Company. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories, William F. Clapp Laboratories, Inc., Duxbury, Mass. Ropes, J.W. 1968. Reproductive cycle of the surf clam, Spisula solidissima, in offshore New Jersey. Biol. Bull. 135:349-365. Ropes, J.W. and A.P. Stickney. 1965. Reproductive cycle of Mya arenaria in New England. Biol. Bull. 128:315-327. I Turner, R.D. 1966. A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae. Museum of Compar. Zool., Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., 265 pp. I}}