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Category:LEGAL TRANSCRIPTS & ORDERS & PLEADINGS
MONTHYEARML20210B8491999-07-21021 July 1999 Exemption from Certain Requirements of 10CFR50.54(w),for Three Mile Island Nuclear Station Unit 2 to Reduce Amount of Insurance for Unit to $50 Million for Onsite Property Damage Coverage ML20206D4141999-04-20020 April 1999 Exemption from Requirements of 10CFR50,App R,Section III.G.2 Re Enclosure of Cable & Equipment & Associated non-safety Related Circuits of One Redundant Train in Fire Barrier Having 1-hour Rating ML20206T7211999-02-11011 February 1999 Memorandum & Order (CLI-99-02).* Denies C George Request for Intervention & Dismisses Subpart M License Transfer Proceeding.With Certificate of Svc.Served on 990211 ML20198A5111998-12-11011 December 1998 Comment Opposing Proposed Rule 10CFR50.65 Re Requirements for Monitoring Effectiveness of Maintenance at Nuclear Power Plants.Proposed Rulemaking Details Collaborative Efforts in That Rule Interjects Change ML20154G2941998-09-17017 September 1998 Transcript of 980917 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re License Transfer of TMI-1 from Gpu Nuclear,Inc to Amergen. Pp 1-41 ML20199J0121997-11-20020 November 1997 Comment on Pr 10CFR50 Re Financial Assurance Requirements for Decommisioning Nuclear Power Reactors.Three Mile Island Alert Invokes Comments of P Bradford,Former NRC Member ML20148R7581997-06-30030 June 1997 Comment on NRC Proposed Bulletin 96-001,suppl 1, Control Rod Insertion Problems. Licensee References Proposed Generic Communication, Control Rod Insertion, & Ltrs & 961022 from B&W Owners Group ML20078H0431995-02-0101 February 1995 Comment Opposing Proposed Rule 10CFR50 Re Shutdown & Lowpower Operations for Nuclear Reactors ML20077E8231994-12-0808 December 1994 Comment Supporting Proposed Rules 10CFR2,51 & 54 Re Rev to NRC NPP License Renewal Rule ML20149E2021994-04-20020 April 1994 R Gary Statement Re 10 Mile Rule Under Director'S Decision DD-94-03,dtd 940331 for Tmi.Urges Commissioners to Engage in Reconsideration of Author Petition ML20065Q0671994-04-0707 April 1994 Principal Deficiencies in Director'S Decision 94-03 Re Pica Request Under 10CFR2.206 ML20058A5491993-11-17017 November 1993 Exemption from Requirements in 10CFR50.120 to Establish, Implement & Maintain Training Programs,Using Sys Approach to Training,For Catorgories of Personnel Listed in 10CFR50.120 ML20059J5171993-09-30030 September 1993 Transcript of 930923 Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-130.Related Documentation Encl ML20065J3461992-12-30030 December 1992 Responds to Petition of R Gary Alleging Discrepancies in RERP for Dauphin County,Pa ML20065J3731992-12-18018 December 1992 Affidavit of Gj Giangi Responding to of R Gary Requesting Action by NRC Per 10CFR2.206 ML20198E5581992-12-0101 December 1992 Transcript of Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel on 921201 in Rockville,Md ML20210D7291992-06-15015 June 1992 Exemption from Requirements of 10CFR70.24 Re Criticality Accident Requirements for SNM Storage Areas at Facility Containing U Enriched to Less than 3% in U-235 Isotope ML20079E2181991-09-30030 September 1991 Submits Comments on NRC Proposed Resolution of Generic Issue 23, Reactor Coolant Pump Seal Failure. Informs That Util Endorses Comments Submitted by NUMARC ML20066J3031991-01-28028 January 1991 Comment Supporting SECY-90-347, Regulatory Impact Survey Rept ML20059P0531990-10-15015 October 1990 Comment Opposing Proposed Rules 10CFR2,50 & 54 Re Nuclear Power Plant License Renewal ML20059N5941990-10-0404 October 1990 Transcript of 900928 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Studies of Cancer in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities, Including TMI ML20055F4411990-06-28028 June 1990 Comment Supporting Petition for Rulemaking PRM-50-55 Re Revs to FSAR ML20248J1891989-10-0606 October 1989 Order.* Grants Intervenors 891004 Motion for Permission for Opportunity to Respond to Staff Correspondence.Response Requested No Later That 891020.W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 891006 ML20248J1881989-10-0303 October 1989 Motion for Permission for Opportunity to Respond to Staff Correspondence in Response to Board Order of 890913.* Svc List Encl ML20248J0301989-09-29029 September 1989 NRC Staff Response to Appeal Board Order.* Matters Evaluated in Environ Assessment Involved Subjs Known by Parties During Proceeding & Appear in Hearing Record & Reflect Board Final Initial Decision LBP-89-7.W/Certificate of Svc ML20247E9181989-09-13013 September 1989 Order.* Requests NRC to Explain Purpose of 890911 Fr Notice on Proposed Amend to Applicant License,Revising Tech Specs Re Disposal of Accident Generated Water & Effects on ASLB Findings,By 890929.W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 890913 ML20247G0361989-07-26026 July 1989 Transcript of Oral Argument on 890726 in Bethesda,Md Re Disposal of accident-generated Water.Pp 1-65.Supporting Info Encl ML20247B7781989-07-18018 July 1989 Certificate of Svc.* Certifies Svc of Encl Gpu 890607 & 0628 Ltrs to NRC & Commonwealth of Pa,Respectively.W/Svc List ML20245D3651989-06-20020 June 1989 Notice of Oral Argument.* Oral Argument on Appeal of Susquehanna Valley Alliance & TMI Alert from ASLB 890202 Initial Decision Authorizing OL Amend,Will Be Heard on 890726 in Bethesda,Md.W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 890620 ML20245A5621989-06-14014 June 1989 Order.* Advises That Oral Argument on Appeal of Susquehanna Valley Alliance & TMI Alert from Board 890202 Initial Decision LBP-89-07 Authorizing OL Amend Will Be Heard on 890726 in Bethesda,Md.W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 890614 ML20247F3151989-05-22022 May 1989 NRC Staff Response to Appeal by Joint Intervenors Susquehanna Valley Alliance/Tmi Alert.* Appeal Should Be Denied Based on Failure to Identify Errors in Fact & Law Subj to Appeal.W/Certificate of Svc ML20246Q2971989-05-15015 May 1989 Comment Opposing Proposed Rule 10CFR50 Re Ensuring Effectiveness of Maint Programs for Nuclear Power Plants ML20246J6081989-05-12012 May 1989 Licensee Brief in Reply to Joint Intervenors Appeal from Final Initial Decision.* ASLB 890203 Final Initial Decision LBP-89-07 Re Deleting Prohibition on Disposal of accident- Generated Water Should Be Affirmed.W/Certificate of Svc ML20247D2761989-04-20020 April 1989 Transcript of 890420 Briefing in Rockville,Md on Status of TMI-2 Cleanup Activities.Pp 1-51.Related Info Encl ML20244C0361989-04-13013 April 1989 Order.* Commission Finds That ASLB Decision Resolving All Relevant Matters in Favor of Licensee & Granting Application for OL Amend,Should Become Effective Immediately.Certificate of Svc Encl.Served on 890413 ML20245A8381989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 890413 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-79.Supporting Info Encl ML20245A2961989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of 890413 Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Affirmation/Discussion & Vote ML20248H1811989-04-0606 April 1989 Valley Alliance/Tmi Alert Motion for Leave to File Appeal Brief out-of-time.* W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 890411.Granted for Aslab on 890410 ML20248G0151989-04-0606 April 1989 Valley Alliance/Tmi Alert Motion for Leave to File Appeal Brief out-of-time.* Requests to File Appeal Brief 1 Day Late Due to Person Typing Document Having Schedule Problems ML20248G0261989-04-0606 April 1989 Susguehanna Valley Alliance/Tmi Alert Brief in Support of Notification to File Appeal & Request for Oral Argument Re Appeal.* Certificate of Svc Encl ML20248D7211989-04-0404 April 1989 Memorandum & Order.* Intervenors Application for Stay Denied Due to Failure to Lack of Demonstrated Irreparable Injury & Any Showing of Certainty That Intervenors Will Prevail on Merits of Appeal.W/Certificate of Svc.Served on 890404 ML20247A4671989-03-23023 March 1989 Correction Notice.* Advises That Date of 891203 Appearing in Text of Commission 890322 Order Incorrect.Date Should Be 871203.Certificate of Svc Encl.Served on 890323 ML20246M2611989-03-22022 March 1989 Order.* Advises That Commission Currently Considering Question of Effectiveness,Pending Appellate Review of Final Initial Decision in Case Issued by ASLB in LBP-89-07. Certificate of Svc Encl.Served on 890322 ML20236D3821989-03-16016 March 1989 Valley Alliance & TMI Alert Motion for Extension of Time to File Brief in Support of Request for Appeal in Matter of 2.3 Million Gallons Of....* Certificate of Svc Encl.Served on 890316.Granted for Aslab on 890316 ML20236D3121989-03-15015 March 1989 Licensee Answer to Joint Intervenors Motion for Extension of Time to File Brief on Appeal.* Motion Opposed Based on Failure to Demonstrate Good Cause.W/Certificate of Svc ML20236D2901989-03-11011 March 1989 Valley Alliance/Tmi Alert Motion for Extension of Time to File Brief in Support of Request for Appeal in Matter of Disposal of 2.3 Million Gallons of Radioactive Water at Tmi,Unit 2.* Svc List Encl ML20236A3761989-03-0808 March 1989 Licensee Answer Opposing Joint Intervenors Motion for Stay.* Stay of Licensing Board Decision Pending Appeal Unwarranted Under NRC Stds.Stay Could Delay Safe,Expeditious Cleanup of Facility.Certificate of Svc Encl ML20236C2441989-03-0808 March 1989 NRC Staff Response in Opposition to Application for Stay Filed by Joint Intervenors.* Application for Stay of Effectiveness of Final Initial Decision LBP-89-07,dtd 890202 Should Be Denied.W/Certificate of Svc ML20235V2641989-03-0202 March 1989 Notice of Aslab Reconstitution.* TS Moore,Chairman,Cn Kohl & Ha Wilber,Members.Served on 890303.W/Certificate of Svc ML20235V2161989-02-25025 February 1989 Changes & Corrections to Susquehanna Valley Alliance/Three Mile Island Alert Documents Submitted on 890221.* Certificate of Svc Encl 1999-07-21
[Table view] Category:TRANSCRIPTS
MONTHYEARML20154G2941998-09-17017 September 1998 Transcript of 980917 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re License Transfer of TMI-1 from Gpu Nuclear,Inc to Amergen. Pp 1-41 ML20059J5171993-09-30030 September 1993 Transcript of 930923 Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-130.Related Documentation Encl ML20198E5581992-12-0101 December 1992 Transcript of Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel on 921201 in Rockville,Md ML20059N5941990-10-0404 October 1990 Transcript of 900928 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Studies of Cancer in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities, Including TMI ML20247G0361989-07-26026 July 1989 Transcript of Oral Argument on 890726 in Bethesda,Md Re Disposal of accident-generated Water.Pp 1-65.Supporting Info Encl ML20247D2761989-04-20020 April 1989 Transcript of 890420 Briefing in Rockville,Md on Status of TMI-2 Cleanup Activities.Pp 1-51.Related Info Encl ML20245A2961989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of 890413 Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Affirmation/Discussion & Vote ML20245A8381989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 890413 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-79.Supporting Info Encl ML20235N2161989-02-17017 February 1989 Follow-up Testimony Clarifying Position on Question of Disposition of Over 2 Million Gallons of Accident Generated Water.Related Documentation & Certificate of Svc Encl ML20235S9911989-02-16016 February 1989 Transcript of 890216 Public Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-119. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20206C9391988-11-0707 November 1988 Transcript of 881107 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa.Pp 1,122- 1,417.Witnesses:JA Auxier,Ji Fabrikant,Skolnik & Mather ML20235M7601988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Public Hearing in Lancaster,Pa for Presentation of Limited Appearance Statements.Pp 998-1,121 ML20206C2801988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 859-997.Witnesses:JA Martin, SS Yaniv,F Skolnik,S Lewis & a Bhattacharyya ML20205Q6581988-11-0202 November 1988 Transcript of 881102 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 573-858.Supporting Documentation Encl.Witnesses:Gg Baker,Wj Cooper & L Munson ML20205Q6441988-11-0101 November 1988 Transcript of 881101 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 288-572.Supporting Info Encl. Witnesses:K Hofstetter,Kl Harner,L Thomas & M Masnik ML20205N5791988-10-31031 October 1988 Transcript of ASLB 881031 Meeting in Lancaster,Pa Re License Amend Application.Pp 87-287 ML20205P0451988-10-25025 October 1988 Transcript of 881025 Periodic Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel in Rockville,Md.Pp 1-30 ML20205G1851988-10-25025 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Supporting Documentation Encl.Related Correspondence ML20205E5021988-10-24024 October 1988 Licensee Rebuttal Testimony of Ji Fabrikant on Health Effects of Tritium (Contention 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1751988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1531988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ww Weaver on Accident Risks (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1901988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ja Auxier & Ji Fabrikant on Effects of Tritium (Contentions 3 & 5d).* Supporting Info Encl.Related Correpondence ML20155H1661988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Kl Harner & Kj Hofstetter on Sampling & Analysis of accident-generated Water (Contentions 3 & 4b).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1401988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Je Tarpinian on Occupational Dose Assessments (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1281988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Dr Buchanan on Evaporation Proposal & Joint Intervenors Alternative (Contentions 2 & 3).* Related Correspondence ML20155H4751988-10-10010 October 1988 Testimony.* Discusses Environ Impact of Force Evaporation of 2.3 Million Gallons of accident-generated Water by Licensee. W/Certificate of Svc.Related Correspondence ML20155H4711988-10-10010 October 1988 Affidavit of Cw Huver (Contention 5):further Considerations of Biological Effects & Health Hazards of Tritium.* Copyrighted Matl Encl.Related Correspondence ML20154D5201988-09-0707 September 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880907 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-109.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20151G6951988-07-14014 July 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880714 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-140.Related Documentation Encl ML20196B6041988-05-26026 May 1988 Transcript of 880526 Advisory Panel Meeting in Harrisburg, PA to Discuss Decontamination of TMI-2.Pp 1-117.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20154N4101988-04-14014 April 1988 Transcript of 880414 Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 Public Meeting in Lancaster,Pa.Related Info Encl. Pp 1-100 ML20148F2351988-03-17017 March 1988 Transcript of 880317 Briefing in Washington,Dc Re Status of TMI-2.Pp 1-51.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20236Y1061987-12-0808 December 1987 Transcript of Special Prehearing Conference on 871208 in Harrisburg,Pa Re Disposal of accident-generated Water. Pp 1-86 ML20238C6981987-10-0505 October 1987 Deposition of a Beach.* Transcript of 871005 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re R Parks Allegations.Pp 1-244.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20235J7071987-09-30030 September 1987 Transcript of 870930 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md. Pp 225-343 ML20238D4641987-09-0909 September 1987 Transcript of 870909 Oral Argument in Bethesda,Md.Pp 1-57 ML20238C7531987-08-20020 August 1987 Vol II to Transcript of Hl Hofmann 870820 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 208-471 & 489-494. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7891987-08-18018 August 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol IV to Transcript of 870818 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 551-818. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7651987-06-25025 June 1987 Deposition of Hl Hofmann.* Transcript of 870625 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-206 ML20238C8041987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol III to Transcript of 870624 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp III-1 - III-89 ML20235J1271987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vols II & III of Transcript of Rd Parks 870624 Deposition.Related Correspondence ML20238C7981987-06-23023 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol II to Transcript of 870623 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp II-1 - II-263.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7941987-06-22022 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol I to Transcript of 870622 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-199. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C5921987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Transcript of 870616 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Allegations of Harassment Against R Parks. Pp 1-198.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C6171987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Corrected Title Page of 870616 Deposition ML20215L2731987-05-0808 May 1987 Transcript of 870508 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md.Pp 19-224.In Camera Session (Pp 101-138) Bound Separately ML20238C7331987-04-24024 April 1987 Deposition of Rc Arnold.* Transcript of 870424 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-224.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q9801987-04-16016 April 1987 Transcript of 870416 Periodic Meeting W/Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Washington,Dc.Pp 1-50.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q8021987-04-15015 April 1987 Transcript of 870415 Briefing by DOE in Washington,Dc Re TMI-2 Core Exam Program.Pp 1-64.Viewgraphs Encl ML20238C6521987-04-10010 April 1987 Deposition of Bk Kanga.* Transcript of 870410 Deposition in Gaithersburg,Md Re R Parks.Pp 1-151.Supporting Documentation Encl 1998-09-17
[Table view] Category:DEPOSITIONS
MONTHYEARML20154G2941998-09-17017 September 1998 Transcript of 980917 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re License Transfer of TMI-1 from Gpu Nuclear,Inc to Amergen. Pp 1-41 ML20059J5171993-09-30030 September 1993 Transcript of 930923 Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-130.Related Documentation Encl ML20198E5581992-12-0101 December 1992 Transcript of Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel on 921201 in Rockville,Md ML20059N5941990-10-0404 October 1990 Transcript of 900928 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Studies of Cancer in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities, Including TMI ML20247G0361989-07-26026 July 1989 Transcript of Oral Argument on 890726 in Bethesda,Md Re Disposal of accident-generated Water.Pp 1-65.Supporting Info Encl ML20247D2761989-04-20020 April 1989 Transcript of 890420 Briefing in Rockville,Md on Status of TMI-2 Cleanup Activities.Pp 1-51.Related Info Encl ML20245A2961989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of 890413 Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Affirmation/Discussion & Vote ML20245A8381989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 890413 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-79.Supporting Info Encl ML20235N2161989-02-17017 February 1989 Follow-up Testimony Clarifying Position on Question of Disposition of Over 2 Million Gallons of Accident Generated Water.Related Documentation & Certificate of Svc Encl ML20235S9911989-02-16016 February 1989 Transcript of 890216 Public Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-119. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20206C9391988-11-0707 November 1988 Transcript of 881107 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa.Pp 1,122- 1,417.Witnesses:JA Auxier,Ji Fabrikant,Skolnik & Mather ML20235M7601988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Public Hearing in Lancaster,Pa for Presentation of Limited Appearance Statements.Pp 998-1,121 ML20206C2801988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 859-997.Witnesses:JA Martin, SS Yaniv,F Skolnik,S Lewis & a Bhattacharyya ML20205Q6581988-11-0202 November 1988 Transcript of 881102 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 573-858.Supporting Documentation Encl.Witnesses:Gg Baker,Wj Cooper & L Munson ML20205Q6441988-11-0101 November 1988 Transcript of 881101 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 288-572.Supporting Info Encl. Witnesses:K Hofstetter,Kl Harner,L Thomas & M Masnik ML20205N5791988-10-31031 October 1988 Transcript of ASLB 881031 Meeting in Lancaster,Pa Re License Amend Application.Pp 87-287 ML20205P0451988-10-25025 October 1988 Transcript of 881025 Periodic Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel in Rockville,Md.Pp 1-30 ML20205G1851988-10-25025 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Supporting Documentation Encl.Related Correspondence ML20205E5021988-10-24024 October 1988 Licensee Rebuttal Testimony of Ji Fabrikant on Health Effects of Tritium (Contention 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1751988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1531988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ww Weaver on Accident Risks (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1901988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ja Auxier & Ji Fabrikant on Effects of Tritium (Contentions 3 & 5d).* Supporting Info Encl.Related Correpondence ML20155H1661988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Kl Harner & Kj Hofstetter on Sampling & Analysis of accident-generated Water (Contentions 3 & 4b).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1401988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Je Tarpinian on Occupational Dose Assessments (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1281988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Dr Buchanan on Evaporation Proposal & Joint Intervenors Alternative (Contentions 2 & 3).* Related Correspondence ML20155H4751988-10-10010 October 1988 Testimony.* Discusses Environ Impact of Force Evaporation of 2.3 Million Gallons of accident-generated Water by Licensee. W/Certificate of Svc.Related Correspondence ML20155H4711988-10-10010 October 1988 Affidavit of Cw Huver (Contention 5):further Considerations of Biological Effects & Health Hazards of Tritium.* Copyrighted Matl Encl.Related Correspondence ML20154D5201988-09-0707 September 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880907 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-109.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20151G6951988-07-14014 July 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880714 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-140.Related Documentation Encl ML20196B6041988-05-26026 May 1988 Transcript of 880526 Advisory Panel Meeting in Harrisburg, PA to Discuss Decontamination of TMI-2.Pp 1-117.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20154N4101988-04-14014 April 1988 Transcript of 880414 Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 Public Meeting in Lancaster,Pa.Related Info Encl. Pp 1-100 ML20148F2351988-03-17017 March 1988 Transcript of 880317 Briefing in Washington,Dc Re Status of TMI-2.Pp 1-51.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20236Y1061987-12-0808 December 1987 Transcript of Special Prehearing Conference on 871208 in Harrisburg,Pa Re Disposal of accident-generated Water. Pp 1-86 ML20238C6981987-10-0505 October 1987 Deposition of a Beach.* Transcript of 871005 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re R Parks Allegations.Pp 1-244.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20235J7071987-09-30030 September 1987 Transcript of 870930 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md. Pp 225-343 ML20238D4641987-09-0909 September 1987 Transcript of 870909 Oral Argument in Bethesda,Md.Pp 1-57 ML20238C7531987-08-20020 August 1987 Vol II to Transcript of Hl Hofmann 870820 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 208-471 & 489-494. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7891987-08-18018 August 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol IV to Transcript of 870818 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 551-818. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7651987-06-25025 June 1987 Deposition of Hl Hofmann.* Transcript of 870625 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-206 ML20238C8041987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol III to Transcript of 870624 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp III-1 - III-89 ML20235J1271987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vols II & III of Transcript of Rd Parks 870624 Deposition.Related Correspondence ML20238C7981987-06-23023 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol II to Transcript of 870623 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp II-1 - II-263.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7941987-06-22022 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol I to Transcript of 870622 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-199. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C5921987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Transcript of 870616 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Allegations of Harassment Against R Parks. Pp 1-198.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C6171987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Corrected Title Page of 870616 Deposition ML20215L2731987-05-0808 May 1987 Transcript of 870508 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md.Pp 19-224.In Camera Session (Pp 101-138) Bound Separately ML20238C7331987-04-24024 April 1987 Deposition of Rc Arnold.* Transcript of 870424 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-224.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q9801987-04-16016 April 1987 Transcript of 870416 Periodic Meeting W/Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Washington,Dc.Pp 1-50.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q8021987-04-15015 April 1987 Transcript of 870415 Briefing by DOE in Washington,Dc Re TMI-2 Core Exam Program.Pp 1-64.Viewgraphs Encl ML20238C6521987-04-10010 April 1987 Deposition of Bk Kanga.* Transcript of 870410 Deposition in Gaithersburg,Md Re R Parks.Pp 1-151.Supporting Documentation Encl 1998-09-17
[Table view] Category:NARRATIVE TESTIMONY
MONTHYEARML20154G2941998-09-17017 September 1998 Transcript of 980917 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re License Transfer of TMI-1 from Gpu Nuclear,Inc to Amergen. Pp 1-41 ML20059J5171993-09-30030 September 1993 Transcript of 930923 Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-130.Related Documentation Encl ML20198E5581992-12-0101 December 1992 Transcript of Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel on 921201 in Rockville,Md ML20059N5941990-10-0404 October 1990 Transcript of 900928 Public Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Studies of Cancer in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities, Including TMI ML20247G0361989-07-26026 July 1989 Transcript of Oral Argument on 890726 in Bethesda,Md Re Disposal of accident-generated Water.Pp 1-65.Supporting Info Encl ML20247D2761989-04-20020 April 1989 Transcript of 890420 Briefing in Rockville,Md on Status of TMI-2 Cleanup Activities.Pp 1-51.Related Info Encl ML20245A2961989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of 890413 Meeting in Rockville,Md Re Affirmation/Discussion & Vote ML20245A8381989-04-13013 April 1989 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 890413 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-79.Supporting Info Encl ML20235N2161989-02-17017 February 1989 Follow-up Testimony Clarifying Position on Question of Disposition of Over 2 Million Gallons of Accident Generated Water.Related Documentation & Certificate of Svc Encl ML20235S9911989-02-16016 February 1989 Transcript of 890216 Public Meeting of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-119. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20206C9391988-11-0707 November 1988 Transcript of 881107 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa.Pp 1,122- 1,417.Witnesses:JA Auxier,Ji Fabrikant,Skolnik & Mather ML20235M7601988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Public Hearing in Lancaster,Pa for Presentation of Limited Appearance Statements.Pp 998-1,121 ML20206C2801988-11-0303 November 1988 Transcript of 881103 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 859-997.Witnesses:JA Martin, SS Yaniv,F Skolnik,S Lewis & a Bhattacharyya ML20205Q6581988-11-0202 November 1988 Transcript of 881102 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 573-858.Supporting Documentation Encl.Witnesses:Gg Baker,Wj Cooper & L Munson ML20205Q6441988-11-0101 November 1988 Transcript of 881101 Hearing in Lancaster,Pa Re TMI-2 License Amend Application.Pp 288-572.Supporting Info Encl. Witnesses:K Hofstetter,Kl Harner,L Thomas & M Masnik ML20205N5791988-10-31031 October 1988 Transcript of ASLB 881031 Meeting in Lancaster,Pa Re License Amend Application.Pp 87-287 ML20205P0451988-10-25025 October 1988 Transcript of 881025 Periodic Briefing by TMI-2 Advisory Panel in Rockville,Md.Pp 1-30 ML20205G1851988-10-25025 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Supporting Documentation Encl.Related Correspondence ML20205E5021988-10-24024 October 1988 Licensee Rebuttal Testimony of Ji Fabrikant on Health Effects of Tritium (Contention 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1751988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of GG Baker & Wj Cooper on Dose Assessments & Microorganisms (Contentions 2,3 & 5d).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1531988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ww Weaver on Accident Risks (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1901988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Ja Auxier & Ji Fabrikant on Effects of Tritium (Contentions 3 & 5d).* Supporting Info Encl.Related Correpondence ML20155H1661988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Kl Harner & Kj Hofstetter on Sampling & Analysis of accident-generated Water (Contentions 3 & 4b).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1401988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Je Tarpinian on Occupational Dose Assessments (Contention 2).* Related Correspondence ML20155H1281988-10-11011 October 1988 Licensee Testimony of Dr Buchanan on Evaporation Proposal & Joint Intervenors Alternative (Contentions 2 & 3).* Related Correspondence ML20155H4751988-10-10010 October 1988 Testimony.* Discusses Environ Impact of Force Evaporation of 2.3 Million Gallons of accident-generated Water by Licensee. W/Certificate of Svc.Related Correspondence ML20155H4711988-10-10010 October 1988 Affidavit of Cw Huver (Contention 5):further Considerations of Biological Effects & Health Hazards of Tritium.* Copyrighted Matl Encl.Related Correspondence ML20154D5201988-09-0707 September 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880907 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-109.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20151G6951988-07-14014 July 1988 Transcript of Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 880714 Meeting in Harrisburg,Pa.Pp 1-140.Related Documentation Encl ML20196B6041988-05-26026 May 1988 Transcript of 880526 Advisory Panel Meeting in Harrisburg, PA to Discuss Decontamination of TMI-2.Pp 1-117.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20154N4101988-04-14014 April 1988 Transcript of 880414 Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 Public Meeting in Lancaster,Pa.Related Info Encl. Pp 1-100 ML20148F2351988-03-17017 March 1988 Transcript of 880317 Briefing in Washington,Dc Re Status of TMI-2.Pp 1-51.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20236Y1061987-12-0808 December 1987 Transcript of Special Prehearing Conference on 871208 in Harrisburg,Pa Re Disposal of accident-generated Water. Pp 1-86 ML20238C6981987-10-0505 October 1987 Deposition of a Beach.* Transcript of 871005 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re R Parks Allegations.Pp 1-244.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20235J7071987-09-30030 September 1987 Transcript of 870930 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md. Pp 225-343 ML20238D4641987-09-0909 September 1987 Transcript of 870909 Oral Argument in Bethesda,Md.Pp 1-57 ML20238C7531987-08-20020 August 1987 Vol II to Transcript of Hl Hofmann 870820 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 208-471 & 489-494. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7891987-08-18018 August 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol IV to Transcript of 870818 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 551-818. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7651987-06-25025 June 1987 Deposition of Hl Hofmann.* Transcript of 870625 Deposition in San Francisco,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-206 ML20238C8041987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol III to Transcript of 870624 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp III-1 - III-89 ML20235J1271987-06-24024 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vols II & III of Transcript of Rd Parks 870624 Deposition.Related Correspondence ML20238C7981987-06-23023 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol II to Transcript of 870623 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp II-1 - II-263.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C7941987-06-22022 June 1987 Deposition of Rd Parks.* Vol I to Transcript of 870622 Deposition in Newport Beach,Ca Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-199. Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C5921987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Transcript of 870616 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Allegations of Harassment Against R Parks. Pp 1-198.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20238C6171987-06-16016 June 1987 Deposition of R Meeks.* Corrected Title Page of 870616 Deposition ML20215L2731987-05-0808 May 1987 Transcript of 870508 Prehearing Conference in Bethesda,Md.Pp 19-224.In Camera Session (Pp 101-138) Bound Separately ML20238C7331987-04-24024 April 1987 Deposition of Rc Arnold.* Transcript of 870424 Deposition in Washington,Dc Re Civil Penalty.Pp 1-224.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q9801987-04-16016 April 1987 Transcript of 870416 Periodic Meeting W/Advisory Panel for Decontamination of TMI-2 in Washington,Dc.Pp 1-50.Supporting Documentation Encl ML20212Q8021987-04-15015 April 1987 Transcript of 870415 Briefing by DOE in Washington,Dc Re TMI-2 Core Exam Program.Pp 1-64.Viewgraphs Encl ML20238C6521987-04-10010 April 1987 Deposition of Bk Kanga.* Transcript of 870410 Deposition in Gaithersburg,Md Re R Parks.Pp 1-151.Supporting Documentation Encl 1998-09-17
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N 0 LIC 12/22/80 /'M'3@% g Mii UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY CCMMISSION BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD In the Matter of )
)
METROPOLITAN EDISON CCMPANY ) Docket No. 50-289 SP
) (Restart)
(Three Mile Island Nuclear )
Station, Unit No. 1) )
?
LICENSEE'S TESTIMONY OF JULIEN M. CHRISTENSEN 1
i REGARDING CLI-80-5 ISSUE (2),
ANGRY CONTENTION NO. IV, SHOLLY 1
CONTENTION NO. 14(b), AAMCDT CONTENTION NO. 2, AND CEA CONTENTION NO. 13 (OPERATOR TRAINING) i SIC i U s 00Trl .
1
OUTLINE The purposes and objectives of this testimony by Julian M.
Christensen, an engineering psychologist and human factors specialist, are to respond to Issue (2) of Commission Order CLI-90-5, ANGRY Contention IV, Sholly Contention 14(b), Aamodt Contention 2 and CEA Contention 13 insofar as they address the adequacy of Licensee's training of its operators. Dr.
Christensen, who has some 35 years of experience in his field, has participated in an independent review of Licensee's Operator Accelerated Retraining Program, has reviewed Licensee's program for use of simulator training and has participated in human factors reviews of the TMI-1 control room. Applying his experience to his knowledge of the TMI-l operator training program, his testimony is that Met Ed has enhanced the capability of its operators through both its OARP and simulator training programs and through its application of the latest human factors techniques in reviews of the control room design. It is Dr. Christensen's opinion that the combina-tion of comprehensive classroom and simulator training programs and human factors design techniques yields at TMI-l an opera-tions team with the capability to intelligently operate the plant under both normal and abnormal conditions, and with the know-how and confidence to avoid potential "mindsets" and to make appropriate decisions in potentially stressful situations.
INDEX Christensen's background.................................... 1 Issues to be Addressed...................................... 3 OARP Review Committee....................................... 4 Relationship Between Human Factors Engineering and Training.................. ................. 6 Approach Taken by Licensee.................................. 6 Stress...................................................... 9 Conclusion.................................................. 11 1
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My name is Julien M. Ch ris tensen.
I am a consultant in engineering psychology specializing in human factors design techniques, with some thirty-five years of experience in this field. I received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University in 1959, studying under Professors Paul M. Fitts and Robert J. Wherry, who were responsible, respec-tively, for much original work in human factors and in statis-tical methods and industrial psychology. The course of study was specially '+ signed and today would be called engineering psychology since the major emphasis of the program was on people's behavior in relation to the equipment and systems that engineers design and develop.
I spent the period from 1945 to 1974 in the Human Engineering Division of the Air Force Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory at *dright-Patterson Air Force Base, Chio, where I served as a research scientist, as a practicing human engineer who worked daily with design engineers, and as an administrator of research and development programs. During my last eighteen years there, I was the Director of the Human Engineering Division at the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory. The programs of that Division developed during my tenure have contributed very significantly to the understanding of how to design equipment and systems so that they could be operated safely and effectively. The results of the program j
form a substantial part of the content of well-known and widely used human engineering source materials such as the Human Engineering Guide to Equipment Design and MIL-STD-1472 (Human Engineering Design Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment and Facilities). The programs that I directed have also con-tributed directly to the safety and effectiveness of many non-Department of Defense programs. The new NUREG/CR-1580,
" Human Engineering Guide to Control Room Evaluation," for ex ampl e , relies heavily on these materials.
From 1974 to 1978, I served as Professor and as Chairman in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Cperations Research, College of Engineering at Wayne State University. I resigned in 1978 to return to Ohio and to my current position.
I am currently an adjunct Clinical Professor of Psychology at Wright State University.
I have served as a consultant to many governmental agencies and to industry on human factors problems associated with safe and effective operations. A partial list includes National Bureau of Standards, National Academy of Sciences, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National
! Research Council, National Safety Council, U.S. Air Force, U.S.
Army, U.S. Navy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Standard Oil of New Jersey, United Air Lines, Ford Motor Company, Burns and Roe and the GPU subsidiaries, Metropolitan Edison and GPU Service Company.
I have published extensively in the area of safety and l
l have served on such safety-related bodies as the Board of Governors of the American Society for Safety Research and the i
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Editorial Board of the Journal of Safety Research. I have received numerous ; wards for contributions to human factors and am a Fellow in two national societies and a Diplomate in a third.
I have been requested by Metropolitan Edison Company to address the following general issue and contentions insofar as they challenge the adequacy of Met Ed's training of its operators. In particular, I have been asked for my views on the Aamodt contention which raises a concern that operators may not function well under streas and the CEA contention which questions whether mindset may adversely affect operator actions.
CLI-90-5, ISSUE (2)
Whether the operations and technical staff of Unit 1 is qualified to operate Unit 1 safely (the adequacy of the facility's maintenance program should be among the matters considered by the Board).
ANGRY CCNTENTION NO. IV The Licensee lacks the management capability to operate a Nuclear Generating Station without endan-gering the public health and safety.
l SHOLLY CONTENTION NO. 14(b)
The Licensee's management capability, in terms l of organizational, staffing, and technical capabil-
! ities, is not sufficient. Specifically, the following deficiencies in Licensee's management capability are :ontended:
(b) Licensee's operations and technical l staffs are not sufficiently qualified to safely "--
l operate TMI-1.
AAMODT CONTENTION NO. 2 It is contended that TMI 1 should not open until the performance of licensee technicians and manage-ment can be demunstrated to be upgraded as certified by an independent engineering firm. This upgrading should include 100% test performance of job descrip-tion with provision for retraining and retest, or discharge of those who cannot consistently and confidently master all necessary information for safe conduct of their job description under all an-ticipated critical situations as well as routine situations.
CEA CONTENTION NO. 13 CEA contends that there is a specific need for the establishment of training for operators that addresses the probitm of a 'mindset' that denies information indicative of serious reactor problems.
In support of this contention, CEA submits that such a mindset contributed to the gravity of the 3/28/79 accident, as reported in NUREG-0600, and that the routine occurrence of abnormal transients will tend to condition operators to a mindset that underes-timates the significance of ( sequences of) abnormal transients. CEA contends that specific train.in, provisions designed to address this 'mindset' problem are necessary prior to the re-start of TMI-l in order to prevent the development or presence of such a mindset among TMI-1 operators from contributing to a serious accident at TMI-1.
I At the outset I should make clear the degree of my involvement with Met Ed and TMI-1. Initially I was contacted in October 1979, and asked to serve on a committee, chaired by Dr. Robert Chrig, which was constituted for the purpose of reviewing Met Ed's Operator Accelerated Retraining Program I
(OARP). I was one of five members and was given specific responsibility for the areas of " Man-Machine Interaction" (human factors engineering) and "Use of Simulators in Operating i _. __ .__
Training." A very thorough review was made of Met Ed training programs and f acilities, and numerous eunferences were held with Met Ed operators, training personnel, and administrative and managerial personnel. Exhaustive discussions were '4 eld within the Committee and, as required, appropriate Met Ed people were asked to sit with the Committee to provide informa-tion and answer questions.
The general mode followed in the evaluation by the Committee was based on that of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (formerly the Engineers Council for Professic,al Development (ECPD)). This model requires that the agency or institution being evaluated conduct a rigorous self-examination, based on detailed requirements established by the Committee. It is the procedure that the departments of engineering in colleges and universities are required'to follow when they apply for accreditation. It is thorough; it is objective, and has been shown to yield reliable, valid eval-uations of engine
- ring training programs. In my view, it was highly successful . . cnis application at TMI because it brought together and coordinated the efforts of the Met Ed educators j and a committee of outside experts to conduct a critical self-l exar# 7ation.
l In addition to my involvement with the-Uhrig Committee, I have served, along with Professor Sheridan of MIT, as a human factors advisor for the GPU Services Company to MPR Associates, l
Inc. MPR is the Washington-based firm of engineers that GPUSC has retained to evaluate the TMI-l control room and develop a plan for bringing it up to date in terms of operability and maintainability. With that as background, I will now turn to the areas on which I have been asked to comment.
Consideration of man-machine relationships reveals that human factors engineering and training both have significant contributions to make to assure that the man-machine interac-tions are safe and effective. The two complement one another.
Thus, to a degree at least, one can compensate for shortcomings in design (which implies insuf ficient human f actors engi-neering) by giving extra training, including training in making unnatural or difficult assessments and responses.
In a similar fashion, one can greatly ease the burden on the training program by providing properly human-engine ered displays and controls and consoles laid out so as to facilitate correct perceptions, valid decisions and error-free imple-mentation of those decisions. Trade-offs between human l
engineering and training are obviously possible, although precise formulas for making such trade-offs await development.
These are still " judgment calls," to borrow a term from the l
l sports arena.
At TMI-l the task has been attacked from both of the above points of view. On the training side, the OARP program is a pc41tive response that, in the judgment of the training experts
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of the Chrig Committee, will add significantly to the capabilities et the operators. I have examined the revised simulator program and believe that it will add substantially to the effectiveness of the training program. The simulator program has been broadened not only to facilitate initial learning but also to help assure that skills, once learned, do not deteriorate and that unusual circumstances are recognized and dealt with properly. The revision and additional development of the simulator part of the training curriculum should significantly enrich the program and serve as a source of positive motivation to the operators.
In addition to the simulator program changes already in place, GPUSC is engaged in research and development of computer-centered training programs. These reactive programs are presented on CRT's and offer an interesting, informative and stimulating challenge to the operators. The materials that can be displayed on these training devices is restricted only by the imaginations of those who develop the programs. The technique is extremely flexible and offers the possibility of almost immediately developing and offering training as a result of such inputs as " lessons learned." It greatly enhances the l
responsiveness of the training program. This approach, in my opinion, represents receptiveness to new ideas and a capability among the training and education personnel of GPUSC that assures a bright future for Met Ed training programs.
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With respect to the other side of the coin (human factors engineering), GPUSC has contracted with MPR to perform a detailed analysis of the TMI-1 control room from the operators' point of view. As mentioned previously, GPUSC has retained Professor Sheridan of MIT and me to serve as human factors advisors to MPR. I have been extremely impressed with the capabilities of the MPR engineering personnel, including their complete willingness to employ appropriate numan factors procedures in the evaluation of the control room. In addition to analysis of the detailed design features of controls, dials, annunciators, graphic records, panel layout and integration, workplace layout and environmental conditions, MPR has conduc-red numerous " walk-throughs" in which teams of operators have addressed a full-scale mock-up of the TMI-l control room and been asked to implement the procedures that they would follow to handle selected critical eventr.
Thus, Met Ed has attacked the problem vigorously and with imagination, clearly recognizing the intimate interaction that exists between human f actors engineering , and training. The result of this dual consideration should have a very positive effect ca operator capability and should help assure an operation that is both safe and effective. I say this mindful of the concerns raised by the contentions that stress or
" mind se t" could detract from appropriate response by well-trained operators.
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By stress, I mean the reaction to stressors. Stress can be induced by such environmental stressors as heat, vibration, poor lighting, etc., by work overload (or, also some would say, by work underload), by unexpected events, by harrassment of supervisory personnel, and by numerous other factors. There is no practical way that all stressors can be eliminated from this or any meaningful job and even if they could, it would not be desirable. Most active, well-trained individuals react positively to a modest amount of certain types of stress; it represents a challenge and it can actually be facilitative.
l There is no conceivable way that nuclear power plant operators can be exposed to each stressor and conceivable combinations thereof (stressors usually come in groups, not individually). However, this does not mean that qualified l operators c'.nnot handle stressful situations. In fact, because l
of their training, ingenuity and so on, human operators are great assets in times of emergency. However, their adequate response to emergencies depends upon sevaral factors.
First, the operator must be adequately trained with respect to fundamental knowledge and basic skills and must be given regular refreshment in those fundamentals and skills.
The OARP classroom program and the simulator program were directly relevant and provided the necessary training in these areas.
Second, while no operator can conceivably be exposed to every possible emergency situation, it helps to expose each to
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a wide variety of such situations. The expertise and confidence angendered by such training will transfer positively to unforeseen conditions. The TMI-1 operators' simulator l
program is designed to develop these sorts of capabilities and l i attitudes.
Third, in order for an operator to respond adequately under stressful conditions, it is important that he be kept aware not only of the current state of affairs but also of i
preceding events -- be "on top of the situation," so to speak.
i This is one of the chief difficulties with systems that are virtually completely automatic because, when something does go wrong in an automated system, the operator has insufficient i
information regarding the etiology of the event to handle it i
effectively. A review of the TMI-l control room showed that l information required to initiate operation of the automated l systems is displayed for use by the operators. With this information the operators are able to keep up with developing s i tue.tio ns . Operator response may be regt. ired and is readily accomplished if the automatic systems malfunction or if supplemental manual actions are requi;ed. While there are few guidelines as to the exact balance between automatic and manual functions that is best for a given situation, a combination of automatic and manual is generally preferable.
Fourth, stress can be induced in the members of a team who are not accustomed to working with one another. Questions l
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arise regarding division of responsibilities, competence, etc.
Met Ed makes a conscious effort to keep the same operators as members of each team. I favor this management decision.
Fifth, environmental factors such as excessive tempera-ture, noise, poor lighting, etc. can serve as stressors. MPR, with the help of Dr. Sheridan and myself, has made a survey of such factors for TMI-1. We are developing a plan for designing a working environment that will minimi e the effects of physical stressors.
Finally, Met Ed has provide' its operational staff special training in decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. I have reviewed the nature of that course given for Met Ed by the Management Analysis Company of San Diego, California. The program gave instruction in the scoping of problems and the structuring of decision trees. This training should be a
! valuable adjunct to operators' technical training in that it will provide a model that can be followed to deal especially l with those stress-inducing events that the operator has Got previously encountered. It should help prevent operators from developing inflexible " mind sets" and help them to maintain an open, searching, contemplative, rational attitude when dealing with unforeseen events. Met Ed plans to continue training and retraining of its operating staff in decision-making analysis.
In sum, I have been impressed by the various actions that the managements of GPUSC and Met Ed have taken to assure that TMI-1 will be operated safely. It is my j udgment that these a
actions will achieve their objective. In reaching my opinion, I take into account a number of actions which I have observed and/or participated in:
- 1. An Operator Accelerated Retraining Program (OARP) has been developed and instituted. This program includes significant improvements in the simulator sub-program. It has had an impact on all current operators and will significantly affect the structure of the training programs for future operators.
- 2. An outstanding engineering firm, MPR Associates, has been retained to develop a program for modifying and updating the design and layout of the TMI-l control room, including attention to envi ronmental para-meters.
- 3. A ccmpany, expert in the scoping and structuring of I
operational problems, has provided operators and other personnel special training in decision-making.
- 4. Licensee's training personnel have familiarized themselves with the latest techniques with respect to l part-task trainers and computer-based reactive pedagogical techniques and are developing programs to further enhance the expertise of Met Ed operators.
- 5. Finally, whi~e I am unfamiliar with pre-TMI-2 accident conditions at GPUSC and Met Ed, there appears to be a general attitude of enthusiasm and
dedication to the task at hand that is infectious and, if maintained, should do much to assure that TMI-1 will be operated in a safe, efficient manner.