ML14325A646

Submission of Revised Technical Specifications (Chapter 14)

ML14325A646
Person / Time
Site:	U.S. Geological Survey
Issue date:	11/03/2014
From:	DeBey T US Dept of Interior, Geological Survey (USGS)
To:	Document Control Desk, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
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Download: ML14325A646 (34)

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a-USGSscience for a changing worldDepartment of the InteriorUS Geological SurveyPO Box 25046 MS 974Denver, CO 80225-0046 November 3, 2014U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Document Control DeskWashington, DC 20555

Reference:

U.S. Geological Survey TRIGA Reactor (GSTR), Docket 50-274, License R-1 13, Request forLicense Renewal

Subject:

Submission of revised Technical Specifications (Chapter 14)Mr. Wertz:The enclosed document contains the revised Chapter 14 to the Safety Analysis Report submitted forrenewal of the GSTR license.

This document contains all revisions proposed since August 2012, andthese changes are marked by cross-outs and insertions in the document.

Sincerely, Tim DeBeyUSGS Reactor Supervisor I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.Executed on 11/3/2014 Attachment Copy to:Vito Nuccio, Reactor Administrator, MS 911USGS Reactor Operations Committee Chapter 14TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Included in this document are the Technical Specifications and the "Bases" for the Technical Specifications.

These bases, which provide the technical support for the individual Technical Specifications, are included forinformational purposes only. They are not part of the Technical Specifications, and they do not constitute limitations or requirements to which the licensee must adhere.14.1 Definitions Audit: A quantitative examination of records, procedures or other documents.

Channel:

A channel is the combination of senei--+Ae!

amplifier, and outputsensing, signal processing, andoutputting devices which are connected for the purpose of measuring the value of a parameter.

Channel Calibration:

A channel calibration is an adjustment of the channel such that its output cor-responds with acceptable accuracy to known values of the parameter which the channel measures.

Calibration shall encompass the entire channel, including equipment actuation, alarm, or trip andshall include a Channel Test.Channel Check: A channel check is a qualitative verification of acceptable performance by observation ofchannel behavior.

This verification, where possible, shall include comparison of the channel with otherindependent channels or systems measuring the same variable.

Channel Test: A channel test is the introduction of a signal into the channel for verification that it isoperable.

Confinement:

Confinement means an enclosure on the reactor bay which controls the movement of air itaind-e&int.o and out of it through a controlled path.Control Rod: A control rod is a device fabricated from neutron absorbing material and/or fuel whichis used to establish neutron flux changes and to compensate for routine reactivity losses. A controlRev. 10/1414-1USGS Safety Analysis Report Arod may be coupled to its drive unit allowing it to perform a safety function when the coupling isdisengaged.

Types of control rods shall include:1. Regulating Rod (Reg Rod): The regulating rod is a control rod having an electric motor driveand scram capabilities.

It may have a fueled-follower section.

Its position may be varied manuallyor by the servo-controller.

2. Shim Rod: A shim rod is a control rod having an electric motor drive and scram capabilities.

Itmay have a fueled-follower section.3. Transient Rod: The transient rod is a-control rod with scram capabilities that can be rapidlyejected from the reactor core to produce a pulse. It may have a voided follower.

Core Lattice Position:

The core lattice position is defined by a particular hole in the top grid plate of thecore. It is specified by a letter indicating the specific ring in the grid plate and a number indicating aparticular position within that ring.Excess Reactivity:

Excess reactivity is that amount of reactivity that wou'ld exist if all control rods weremoved to the maximum reactive condition from the point where the reactor is exactly critical (keff = 1).Experiment:

Any operation,

hardware, or target (excluding devices such as detectors) which is designed toinvestigate non-routine reactor characteristics or which is intended for irradiation within an irradiation facility.

Hardware rigidly secured to a core or shield structure so as to be a part of their design tocarry out experiments is not normally considered an experiment.

Specific experiments shall include:1. Secured Experiment:

A secured experiment is any experiment or component of an experiment thatis held in a stationary position relative to the reactor core by mechanical means. The restraining forces must be substantially greater than those to which the experiment might be subjected byhydraulic, pneumatic,

buoyant, or other forces which are normal to the operating environment ofthe experiment.

2. Movable Experiment:

A movable experiment is one that is not secured and intended to be movedwhile near or inside the core during reactor opei'ation.

Experiment Safety Systems:

Experiment.

safety systems are those.systems, including their associated input channel(s),

which are designed to ipitiate a scram for the primary purpose of protecting experi-ments or personnel or to provide information which requires manual protective action to be initiated.

Fuel Element:

A fuel element is a single TRIGA fuel rod.Instrumented Element:

An instrumented element is a special fuel element in which one or more ther-mocouples have been embedded for the purpose of measuring the fuel temperatures during reactoroperation.

Irradiation Facilities:

Irradiation facilities shall mean vertical tubes, rotating specimen rack, pneumatic transfer system, samnple-holding dummy fuel elements and any other in-tank device intended to holdan experiment.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-2Rev,. 10/14 Measured Value: The measured value is the value of a parameter as it appears on the output of a channel.-r-r-ad-ia.t-o.o n-Faei-lit .tIrradiatio.n..acilitlies..shall..

mean..vertical.ttubesi rotating specimen syste..i.

liot i n g--d~t* H~ny-f-ue1-ete~me*

s-.a.n.d-.ay-ot4, he-.i diatidit-.taeitities Operable:

A system or component shall be considered operable when it is capable of performing its intendedfunction.

Operating:

Operating means a component or system is performing its intended function.

Pulse Mode: Pulse mode shall mean any operation of the reactor with the mode selector in the pulseposition.

Reactivity Worth of an Experiment:

The reactivity worth of an experiment is the value of the reactiv-ity change that results from the experiment being inserted into or removed from its intended position.

Reactor Facility:

The physical area defined by the area that contains Den.--r F.-der:l Ca-tor Building 15,between North Center Street, 1st Street, 2nd Street, and South Center Street on the Denver FederalCenter.Reactor Operating:

The reactor is operating whenever it is not secured or shut down. Performance ofroutine subcritical surveillance is not considered operating.

Reactor Operator:

An ihdividual who is licensed to manipulate the controls of a reactor.Reactor Safety Systems:

Reactor safety systems are those systems, including their associated input chan-nels, which are designed to initiate,,

automatically or manually, a reactor scram for the primary purposeof protecting the reactor.,

Reactor Secured:

The reactor is secured when1. Either there is insufficient moderator available in the reactor to attain criticality or there isinsufficient fissile material present.

in the reactor to attain criticality under optimum available conditions of moderation and reflection;

2. Or all the following conditions exist:(a) The minimum numberof neutrdii-absorbing'control devices is fully inserted or other safetydevices are in their shutdown

position, as' r'equired by technical specifications; (b) The console key switchiis in the off position, and the key is removed from the lock;(c) No work is in progress involving

.core fuel, in-tank core structure, installed control rods, orcontrol rod drives unless they are physically decoupled from the control rods; and(d) No experiments are being moved or serviced that have, on movement, a reactivity worthexceeding the maximum value allowed for a single experiment, or one dollar, whichever issmaller.Reactor Shutdown:

The reactor is shut down if it is subcritical by at least one dollar in the reference corecondition with the reactivity worth of all installed experiments included.

Rev,. 10/1414-3USGS Safety Analysis Report Reference core condition:

The condition of the core when it is at ambient temperature (cold, 18-L2G-25

'C) and the reactivity worth of xenon is negligible O.30-dotlar&).

Review: A qualitative examination of records, procedures or other documents.

Safety Channel:

A safety channel is a measuring channel in the reactor safety system.Scram time: Scram time is the elapsed time between the initiation of a scram and the instant that thecontrol rod reaches its fully-inserted position.

Senior Reactor Operator:

An individual who is licensed to direct the activities of reactor operators.

Suchan individual is also a reactor operator.

Should, Shall, and May: The word "shall" is used to denote a requirement; the word "should" is usedto denote a recommendation; and the word "may" denotes permission, neither a requirement nor arecommendation.

Shutdown Margin: Shutdown margin shall mean the minimum shutdown reactivity necessary to provideconfidence that the reactor can be made subcritical by means of the control and safety systems and willremain subcritical without further operator action, starting from any permissible operating condition with the most reactive.rod is in its most reactive position.

Shutdown Reactivity:

Shutdown reactivity is the measured reactivity with all control rods inserted.

Thevalue of shutdown reactivity includes the reactivity value of all installed experiments and is determined with the reactor at ambient conditions.

Square-Wave Mode (S.W. Mode): The square-wave mode shall mean any operation of the reactor withthe mode selector in the square-wave position.

Steady-State Mode (S.S. Mode): Steady-state mode shall mean operation of the reactor with the modeselector in the manual or auto position.

Substantive Changes:

Substantive changes are changes that would provide a significant decrease in thesafety of an action or event.Surveillance Intervals:

Allowable surveillance intervals shall not exceed the following:

1. Quinquennial

-interval not to exceed 70 months.2. Biennial

-interval not to exceed 30 months.3. Annual -interval not to exceed 15 months.4. Semi-annual

-interval not to exceed 7.5 months.5. Quarterly

-interval not to exceed 4 months.6. Monthly -interval not to exceed 6 weeks.7. Weekly -interval not to exceed 10 days.USGS Safety Analysis Report 14-4 Rev. 10/14 Unscheduled Shutdown:

An unscheduled shutdown is defined as any unplanned shutdown of the reactorcaused by actuation of the reactor safety system, operator error, equipment malfunction, or a manualshutdown in response to conditions that could adversely affect safe operation, not including shutdowns that occur during testing or checkout operations.

14.2 Safety Limits and Limiting Safety System Setting14.2.1 Safety Limit-Fuel Element Temperature Applicability.

This specification applies to the temperature of the reactor fuel.Objective.

The objective is to define the maximum fuel element temperature that can be permitted withconfidence that no damage to the fuel element cladding shall result.Specifications.

1. The temperature in an aluminum-clad TRIGA fuel:element shall not exceed 500 'C under any modeof operation.

2. The temperature in a stainless-steel clad TRIGA fuel element shall not exceed 1,150 'C (if claddingtemperature is at or less than 500 'C) or 950 'C (if cladding temperature greater than 500 'C) underany mode of operation.

Basis. The important parameter for a TRIGA reactor is the fuel element temperature.

This parameter is well suited as a single specification especially since it can be measured.

A loss of the integrity of thefuel element cladding could arise from a build-up of excessive pressure between the fuel-moderator and thecladding if the fuel temperature exceeds the safety limit. The pressure is caused by the presence of air, fissionproduct gases, and hydrogen from the dissociation of the hydrogen and zirconium in the fuel-moderator.

Themagnitude of this pressure is determined by the fuel-moderator temperature and the ratio of hydrogen tozirconium in the alloy.The safety limit for the aluminum-clad TRIGA fuel element is based on data which indicate that thezirconium hydride will undergo a phase change at 535 'C. This phase change can cause severe distortion inthe fuel element and possible cladding failure.

Maintaining the fuel temperature below this level will preventthis potential mechanism for cladding failure.(SAR 4.5.4)The safety limit for the stainless-steel clad TRIGA fuel is based on data including the large mass ofexperimental evidence obtained during high performance reactor tests on this' fuel. These data indicate thatthe stress in the cladding due to hydrogen pressure from the dissociation of zirconium hydride will remainbelow the ultimate stress provided that the temperature of the fuel does not exceed 1,150 'C (if claddingtemperature is at or less than 500 'C) or 950 'C (if cladding temperature greater than 500 'C) (SAR 4.5.4.1).

Rev. 10/1414-5USCS Safety Analysis Report 14.2.2 Limited Safety System SettingApplicability.

This specification applies to the scram settings which prevent the safety limit from beingreached.Objective.

The objective is to prevent the safety limits from being reached.Specifications.

The limiting safety system setting shall be a steady state thermal power of 1.1 MW, andthere shall be at least 110 fuel elements in the core (not including fuel-followed control rods).Basis. The limiting safety system setting is a total core thermal power, which, if exceeded shall causethe reactor safety system to initiate a reactor scram. This setting applies to all modes of operation.

Insteady-state operation up to 1.1 MW, ample margins exist between this setting and the safety limits of peakfuel temperature as specified in SAR 14.2.1, as long as the aluminum-clad fuel is restricted to the F and Grings of the core assembly (SAR 4.5.4.1).

Thermal and hydraulic calculations indicate that stainless-steel clad TRIGA fuel may be safely operated up to power levels of at least 1.9 MW with natural convection cooling (SAR 4.5.4.5).

14.3 Limiting Conditions of Operation 14.3.1 Reactor Core Parameters 14.3.1.1 Steady-state Operation 14.3.1.1.1 Shutdown MarginApplicability.

These specifications apply to the reactivity condition of the reactor and the reactivity worthsof control rods and experiments.

They apply for all modes of operation.

Objective.

The objective is to assure that the reactor Can'be shut down at all tinmes and to assure that thefuel temperature safety limit shall not be exceeded.

Specifications.

The reactor shail not be operated unless the following conditions exist: The shutdownmargin provided by control rods shall be at least $0.30 with:1. Irradiation facilities and experiments in place and the highest-worth, non-secured experiment in itsmost reactive state;2. The most reactive control rod fully-withdrawn; and3. The reactor in the reference core condition where there is no 135Xe poison present and the core is atambient temperature.

Basis. The value of the shutdown margin assures that the reactor can be shut down from any operating condition even if the most reactive control rod should remain in the fully-withdrawn position.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-6.Rev. 10/14 14.3.1.1.2 Core Excess Reactivity Applicability.

This specification applies to the reactivity condition of the reactor and the reactivity worthsof control rods and experiments.

It applies for all modes of operation.

Objective.

The-,bjeci.e.is to assne-tha a.e-,eaetor-ca.-be.st.-clow.-.-a~l-ti..es-..a...to..as.ure-that-he-uel4e.per aturesafety limit-.shall-not..tbe.exceeded.The objectives that must be simultaneously met are to assure that the reactorhas sufficient reactivity to meet its mission requirements, be able to be shut down at any time, and notexceed its fuel temperature safety limit;.'Specifications.

The maximum available excess reactivity shall not exceed $7.00.Basis. *rwn SiAR i.3.8+ t hi,.. : ehet.1 r.a.. b less 0--------

eoll' f: nhgmatniai, it tattoo aPlproximatol)'

$3.00 of ro:*.tiVit)'

iHlortion tW roaoh~ full! power duoe to tile noggotive toropor-ature feedhack.

A typik.al 135Xe ,Oad W....ld be approximatoly l .00. Assioming a $3.00 ewporir, nt is in the eOre, ft coroe eXcccf,roa6ti~it)y Of $7.00 wERuld h3 eroequirod to operate the roeaeter at loop lIEW with ak t:,pi 6al 135Xoe lead. Prem the MCGNP analysioo the limithig eare oonfiguration, we have eakitated a eere e.. .r-eaetiVityEf

$6.-2. This value is within the $7......m+.t.Thi:

amount of excess reactivity will provide the cability to operate the reactor at full power with experiments inplace. Historical operation of the GSTR with an excess reactivity of greater than $6.90 has shown that suffi-cient shutdown margin exists to provide for safe op~eration and meet the requirements of the other technical specifications.

14.3.1.2 Pulse Mode Operation Applicability.

This specification applies to the energy generated in the reactor as a result of a pulseinsertion of reactivity.

Objective.

The objective is to ass,*Feensure that the fuel temperature safety limit shall not be exceeded.

Specifications.

The reactivity to be inserted for pulse operation shall be determined and limited by amechanical stop on the transient rod, such that the reactivity insertion shall not exceed $3.00.Basis. The fuel temperature rise during a pulse transient has been estimated conservatively by adiabatic models. These models accurately predict pulse characteristics for operation of TRIGA cores and should beaccepted with confidence, relying also on information concerning prompt neutron lifetime and prompt tem-perature coefficient of reactivity.

These parameters have been established for TRIGA cores by calculations and have been confirmed in part by measurements at existing facilities.

In addition, the calculations rely onflux profiles and corresponding power densities which have been calculated for a variety of TRIGA cores.A discussion of the temperature response to reactivity insertion can be found in SAR 4.2.1.10.

It is shown in the RELAP model for the limiting core configuration that reactivity insertions up to $3.00in operational cores will produce pulse transients with maximum fuel temperatures no greater than 419 'Cin the F and G rings (aluminum clad fuel is restricted to these positions) and no greater than .S4797 'Cin the B ring (hottest point for stainless steel clad fuel). These peak temperatures last for less than twoseconds.

This maintains a safety margin for the temperature limits of the fuel set in SAR 13.1, allowing foruncertainties in measurements and/or calculations.

Rev,. 10/1414-7USGS Safety Analysis Report 14.3.1.3 Core Configuration Limitations.

Applicability.

This specification applies to mixed cores of aluminum-clad and stainless-steel clad types offuel.Objective.

The objective is to astwr+ensure that the fuel temperature safety limit shall not be exceeded dueto power peaking effects in a mixed core.Specifications.

Aluminum-clad fuel shall only be loaded in the F and G rings of the core.Basis. The limitation of power peaking effects ensures that the fuel temperature safety limit shall notbe exceeded in an operational core. Keeping aluminum-clad fuel in the F and G rings limits thoses fueltemperatures to safe values for aluminum-clad fuel (SAR 4.5.1.2).

14.3.1.4 Fuel Parameters Applicability.

This specification applies to all fuel elements.

Objective.

The objective is to maintain integrity of the fuel e'lement cladd'ing.

Specifications.

The reactor shall not operate with damaged fuel elements, except for the purpose of locatingdamaged fuel elements.

A fuel element shall be considered damaged and must be removed from the core if:1. The transverse bend exceeds 0.0625 inches over the length of the cladding;

2. Its length exceeds its original length by 0.10 inch for stainless-steel clad fuel or 0.50 inch for aluminum-clad fuel; ! ,3. A cladding defect exists as indicated by release of fission products;

4. Visual inspection identifies significant bulges, pitting, or corrosion; or5. 211U burnup is calculated to le greater than 50% of initial content.Basis. Gross failure or obvious, significant visual deterioration of the fuel is sufficient to warrant declaration of the fuel as damaged.

The elongation and bend limits are the values found acceptable to the USNRC(NUREG-1537).

14.3.2 Reactor Control And Safety System14.3.2.1 Control RodsApplicability.

This specification applies to the function of the control rods.Objective.

The objective is to determine that the control rods are operable.

Specification.

The reactor shall not be operated unless the control rods are operable.

Control rods shall not be considered operable if:USGS Safety Analysis Report14-8Rev; 10/14

1. Physical damage is apparent to the rod or rod drive assembly and it does not respond to-nor-malnornally to control rod motion signals; or2. The scram time exceeds 1 second for the shim and regulating rods or 2 seconds for the transient rod.Basis. This specification assuresensures that the reactor shall be promptly shut down when a scram signal isinitiated.

Experience and analysis have indicated that for the range of transients anticipated for a TRIGAreactor, the specified scram time is adequate to aas+ieeensure the safety of the reactor (SAR 13.2.2.2.1).

14.3.2.2 Reactor Measuring ChannelsApplicability.

This specification applies to the information which shall be available to the Reactor Operatorduring reactor operation.

Objective.

The objective is to specify the minimum number of power measuring channels that shall beavailable to the operator to assu+eensure safe operation of the reactor.Specifications.

The reactor shall not be operated in the specified mode unless the minimum number ofpower measuring channels listed in Table 14.1 are operable.

Table 14.1: Minimum Measuring ChannelsMeasuring Channel Effective ModeS.S. Pulse S.W.Power Level (NP1000 and NPP1000) 2 -2Pulse Power Level (NPP1000) 1 -Power Level (NM1000) 1 -1Basis. The power level monitors a&asufeensure that the reactor power level is adequately monitored forsteady-state, square wave and pulse modes of operation (SAR 7.2.3.1).

The specifications on reactor powerlevel indication are included in this section since the power level is directly related to the fuel temperature.

14.3.2.3 Reactor Safety SystemApplicability.

This specification applies to the reactor safety system channels.

Objective.

The objective is to specify the minimum number of reactor safety system channels that shallbe available to the operator to aeauweensure safe operation of the reactor.Specifications.

The reactor shall not be operated unless the minimum number of safety channels described in Table 14.2 and interlocks described in Table 14.3 are operable.

Rev. 10/1414-9USGS Safety Analysis Report Table 14.2: Minimum Reactor Safety ChannelsSafety Channel Function Effective ModeS.S. Pulse S.W.Power Level SCRAM @ 1.1 MW(t) or less 2 -2Preset timer SCRAM (515 sec) Console Scram Button SCRAM 1 1 1High Voltage SCRAM @ loss of nominal operating 2 1 2voltage to required powerlevel channelsWatchdog scrams Scram upon lack of response in DAC 2 2 2or CSC computer (one scram circuit.per computer)

Table 14.3: Minimum Interlocks Interlock Function Effective ModeS.S. Pulse S.W.NM1000 Power Prevents control rod withdrawal 1 -Level Channel 3 less than 10-'% powerTransient Rod Cylinder Prevents application of air 1unless fully inserted1 kW Pulse Interlock Prevents entering pulse mode 1 -above 1 kWShim and Regulating Prevents simultaneous manual 1 1Rod Drive Circuits withdrawal of two rodsShim and Regulating Prevents withdrawal of any rod 1 -Rod Drive Circuits except transient rodBasis. The power level scrams provide protection to &*su*ensure that.the reactor can be shut down beforethe safety limit on the fuel element temperature will be exceeded.

The manual scram allows the operator toshut down the system if an unsafe or abnormal condition occurs. The high voltage scram ensures that therequired power measuring channels have sufficient high voltage as required for proper functioning of theirpower level scrams. The interlock to prevent startup of the reactor at count rates less than 10-7% powerassu resensures that the startup is not initiated unless a reliable indication of the neutron flux level in thereactor core is available.

The interlock to prevent entering pulse mode above 1 kW is to assureensure thatthe magnitude of the pulse will not cause the fuel element temperature safety limits to be exceeded.

Theinterlock to prevent application of air to the transient rod unless the cylinder is fully inserted is to preventpulsing the reactor in the steady-state mode. The interlock to prevent withdrawal of the shim, safety orregulating rod in the pulse mode is to prevent the reactor from being pulsed while on a positive period. Theinterlock to prevent simultaneous withdrawal of two control rods is to limit reactivity insertion rate from thestandard control rods.USGS Safety Analysis Report14-10Rev. 10/14 14.3.3 Reactor Primary Tank WaterApplicability.

This specification applies to the primary water of the reactor tank.Objective.

The objective is to assi-eensure that there is an adequate amount of water in the reactor tankfor fuel cooling and shielding

purposes, and that the bulk temperature of the reactor tank water remainssufficiently low to guarantee ion exchanger resin integrity.

Specifications.

The reactor primary water shall exhibit the following parameters:

1. The tank water level shall be at least 16 feet above the top of the core;2. The bulk tank water temperature shall not exceed 60 'C;3. The conductivity of the tank water shall be less than 5 Mmhos/cm when averaged over a one monthperiod;4. The pH of the tank water shall be in the range of-4.5 to 7.5 if there is any aluminum-clad fuel in thecore.5. When aluminum-clad fuel is in the core, the reactor shall not be operated if the tank water level ismore than 24 inches below the top lip of the reactor tank.6. These specifications are not required to be met if the reactor core has been defueled or the tank waterlevel is below the purification system suction.Basis. The minimum height of 16 feet of. water above the top of the core guarantees that there is sufficient water to maintain suction on the primary pump for the primary cooling system. The intake for the primarycooling pump is located 5 feet below the top of the tank liner. This location is approximately 16 feet above thetop of the reactor core. The bulk water temperature imnit is necessary to ensure that the ion exchange resindoes not undergo severe thermal degradation.

Experience at many research reactor facilities has shown thatmaintaining the conductivity within the specified limit provides acceptable control of corrosion (NUREG-1537). The minimum water level of no more than 24 inches below the top lip of the reactor tank ensuressufficient cooling water during the design reactor tank leak of 350 gpmi for the aluminum clad fuel to cool tosafe levels after a reactor shutdown.

14.3.4 This section intentionally left blank.14.3.5 Ventilation SystemApplicability.

This specification applies to the operation of the facility ventilation system.Objective.

The objective is to assureensure that the ventilation system shall be in operation to mitigatethe consequences of possible releases of radioactive materials resulting from reactor operation.

Specifications.

Rev. 10/1414-11USGS Safety Analysis Report

1. The reactor shall not be operated unless th]ea, facility ventilation system is operating and the reactor baypressure is maintained negative with respect to surrounding areas by at least 0.1" water pressure.

Thisdoes not apply to short periods of time (not to exceed.2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br />) for system troubleshooting, maintenance and movement of personnel or equipment through open doors, provided the CAM is operating.

2. The reactor bay ventilation system shall operate in the emergency mode, with all exhaust air passingthrough a HEPA filter, whenever a high. level continuous air monitor (CAM) alarm is present due toairborne particulate radionuclides ii thi reac-to,"

i.,a.yernitted from the reactor or samples in the reactorbay.Basis. The worst-case maximum total effectiVe dose equivalent is well below the 10 CFR 20 limit forindividual members of the public. This has been shown to be true for scenarios where the ventilation systemcontinues to operate during the MHA and where the ventilation system does not operate during the MHA.(SAR 13.2.1).

Therefore, operation of the reactor for short periods while the reactor bay underpressure is notmaintained because of testing or reactor bay open doors, does not compromise the control over the release ofradioactive material to the unrestricted area nor should it cause occupational doses that exceed those limitsgiven in 10 CFR 20 (SA W,144.5).

Moreover, ra. diati4on ine .ett"eabtioui ding..ill giv.e Warning...

f high l'evels of .adiatiin tha t ." ight o'-ur "dii 'ilig ope:'ation cf the ..a. ... r(SAP. 11.1.6)14.3.6 This section intentionally left blank.14.3.7 Radiation Monitoring Systems and Effluents 14.3.7.1 Radiation Monitoring SystemsApplicability.

This specification applies to the radiation monitoring information which must be available to the Reactor Operator during reactor operation.

Objective.

The objective is to specify the minimum radiation monitoring channels that shall be available to the operator to wi.siensure safe operation of the reactor.Specifications.

The reactor shall not be operated unless the minimum number of radiation monitoring channels listed in Table 14.4 are operating, except for time periods of up to 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> for repair and mainte-nance, provided:

1. The ventilation system is operating; and2. T-he-contintiotms air- particulateuadiation-imnoitei,-is operatii.gNo experinments or maintenance activities are beingconducted which could directly result in alarm conditions.

Each channel shall have a readout in the control room and be capable of sounding.

an audible alarm wlipanl bp heard in the "eactor co.n:-trol rtem.Basis. The radiation monitors provide information to operating personnel regarding routine releases of ra-dioactivity and any impending or existing danger from radiation.

Their operation will provide sufficient timeUSGS Safety Analysis Report14-12Rev. 10/14 Table 14.4: Minimum Radiation Monitoring ChannelsRadiation Monitoring Channels Number"Continuous Air Monitor 1Area Radiation Monitor 1'Monitors may be out-of-service for up to 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> for calibration, maintenance, or repair, During this out-of-service time, noexperiments or maintenance activities shall be conducted which could directly result in alarm conditions (e.g., airborne releasesor high radiation levels),

and the ventilation system is operating.

to evacuate the facility or take the necessary steps to prevent the spread of radioactivity to the surroundings (SAR 11.1.6).14.3.7.2 Effluents Applicability.

This specification applies to the release rate of 4,1Ar.Objective.

The objective is to ensure that the concentration of the 41Ar in the unrestricted areas shall bebelow the applicable effluent concentration value in 10 CFR 20.Specifications.

The annual average concentration of 41Ar discharged into the unrestricted area shall notexceed 4.8 x 10-6 tCi/ml at the point of discharge.

Basis. If 4Ar is continuously discharged at 4.8 x 1076pCi/ml, measurements and calculations show that41Ar released to the publicly accessible areas under the worst-case weather conditions would result in anannual TEDE of 0.5 mrem. This is only 5% of the applicable limit of 10 mrem. The calculation wasperformed with the Environmental Protection Agency's Comply code (SAR. 11.1.1.1.4).

14.3.8 Limitations on Experiments 14.3.8.1 Reactivity LimitsApplicability.

This specification applies to experiments installed in the reactor and its irradiation facilities.

Objective.

The objective is to prevent damage to the reactor or excessive release of radioactive materials in the event of an experiment failure.Specifications.

The reactor shall not be operated unless the following conditions governing experiments exist:1. Any)_ movable experiments shall have absolute reactivity worth less than $1.00;2. The absolute reactivity worth of any single secured experiment shall be less than $3.00.Basis. The worst event which could possibly arise is the sudden removal of a movable experiment imme-diately prior to, or following, a pulse transient of the maximum licensed reactivity insertion.

Limiting theRev. 10/1414-13USGS Safety Analysis Report worth of thea movable experiment to less than $1.00 will assireensure that the additional increase of transient power and temperature is slow enough for the high power scram to be effective and, since this transient isnot a super-prompt pulse, we would not violate .the 1 kW Pulse Interlock which prevents ptls(e mode above 1 kW (SAR 14.3.2.3).

The worst event that is considered in conjunction with a single secured experiment is the sudden removal ofthe experiment while the reactor is operating in a critical condition at a low power level. This is equivalent to pulse-mode operation of the reactor.

Hence, the reactivity limitation for a single secured experiment at$3.00 is the same as that of a maximum allowed pulse, although a scram would be initiated much morequickly for the experiment remnoval accident.

(SAR 13.2.2.2.1 and 14.3.1.2).

14.3.8.2 Materials Applicability.

This specification applies to experiments installed in the reactor and its irradiation facilities.

Objective.

The objective is to prevent damage to the reactor or excessive release of radioactive materials in the event of an experiment failure.Specifications.

The reactor shall not be operated unless the following conditions governing experiments exist:1. Explosive materials, such as gunpowder, TNT, or nitroglycerin, in quantities greater than 25 milligrams shall not be irradiated in the reactor or irradiation facilities.

Explosive materials in quantities less thanor equal to 25 milligrams may be irradiated provided the pressure produced upon detonation of theexplosive has been calculated and/or experimentally demonstrated, to be less than the design pressureof the container; and2. Each fueled experiment shall becontrolled such that the total inventory of 131I351I in the experiment is no greater than 1.5 curies and the total inventory of 90Sr in the experiment is no greater than 5millicuries.

Basis. This specification is intended to prevent damage to reactor components resulting from failure ofan experiment involving explosive materials (SAR 13.2.6.2).

The 1.5-curie limitation on 1311-1351, and the5 millicurie limit on 9°Sr, aessueensure that in the event ofa failure of a fueled-experiment involving totalrelease of the iodine, the dose in the reactor bay and in the unrestricted area will be considerably less thanthat allowed by 10 CFR 20 (SAR 13.2.6).14.3.8.3 Failures and Malfunctions Applicability.

This specification applies to experiments installed in the reactor and its irradiation facilities.

Objective.

The objective is to prevent damage to the reactor or excessive release of radioactive materials in the event of an experiment failure.Specifications.

Where the possibility exists that the failure of an experiment (except fueled experiments) under normal operating conditions of the experiment or reactor, credible accident conditions in the reactor,USCS Safety Analysis Report14-14Rev. 10/14 or possible accident conditions in the experiment could release radioactive gases or aerosols to the reactor bayor the unrestricted area, the quantity and type of material in the experiment shall be limited such that theairborne radioactivity in the reactor bay or the unrestricted area will not result in exceeding the applicable dose limits in 10 CFR 20, assuming that:1. 100% of the gases or aerosols escape from the experiment;

2. If the effluent from an irradiation facility exhausts through a holdup tank which closes automatically on high radiation level, at least 10% of the gaseous activity or aerosols produced will escape;3. If the effluent from an irradiation facility exhausts through a filter installation designed for greaterthan 99% efficiency for 0.3 micron particles, at least 10% of these aerosols can escape; and4. For materials whose boiling point is above 130 'F and- where vapors formed by boiling this material canescape only through an undisturbed column of water above the core, 10% of these vapors can escape.Basis. This specification is intended to meet the purpose of 10 CFR 20 by reducing the likelihood thatreleased airborne radioactivity to the reactor bay or unrestricted area surrounding the GSTR will result inexceeding the total dose limits to an individual as specified in 10 CFR 20.14.3.9 This section intentionally left blank.14.4 Surveillance Requirements All bases for the following surveillance requirements can be found in the operating procedures within theReactor Operations Manual or in the R-113 reactor.

license, Amendments 1 and 11. The approved operating procedures are periodically reviewed and reapproved by the ROC.14.4.1 Reactor Core Parameters Applicability.

This specification applies to the surveillance requirements for reactor core parameters.

Objective.

The objective is to verify that the reactor does not exceed the authorized limits for power,shutdown margin, core excess reactivity, specifications for fuel element condition and verification of the totalreactivity worth of each control rod.Specifications.

1. A channel calibration shall be made of the power level monitoring channels by the calorimetric methodsemi-annually.

2. The total reactivity worth of each control rod shall be measured following any significant change incore or control rod configuration.

Rev. 10/1414-15USGS Safety Analysis Report

3. The shutdown reactivity shall be determined prior to each day's operation, prior to each operatien extending more than one (lay, or following any significant change in core or control rod configuration.

4. The core excess reactivity shall be determined prior to each day's operation or following any significant change in core or control rod configuiation.

5. All fuel elements shall be inspected for deterioration and measured for length and transverse bend ate intervals or if 500 pulses have been perforrned since thelast fuel inspection.

6. The core shutdown margin shall be determined at an annual frequency.

7. These checks are not required if the reactor core has been defueled.

Basis. Experience has shown that the identified frequencies will ensure performance and operability foreach of these systems or components.

14.4.2 Reactor Control and Safety SystemsApplicability.

This specification applies to the surveillance requirements of reactor control and safetysystems.Objective.

The objective is to verify performance and operability of those systems and components whichare directly related to reactor safety.Specifications.

1. The control rods shall be visually inspected for damage or deterioration biennially.

2. The scram time shall be measured semi-annually.

3. The transient rod drive cylinder and. associated air supply system shall be inspected and cleanedsemi-annually and lubricated as necessary.

4. A channel check of each of the reactor safety system channels in Table 14.2 for the intended mode ofoperation shall be performed prior to each day's operation or prior to each operation extending morethan one day.5. A channel test of each item in Table 14.2 and 14.3 in section 14.3.2.3, other than power measuring

channels, shall be performed semi-annually.

6. These checks are not required if the reactor core has been defueled.

Basis. Experience has shown that the identified frequencies "will ensure performance and operability foreach of these systems or components.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-16Rev. 10/14 14.4.3 Reactor Primary Tank WaterApplicability.

This specification applies to the surveillance requirements for the reactor tank water.Objective.

The objective is to .ueensure that the reactor tank water level and the bulk water temperature monitoring systems are operating, and to verify appropriate alarm settings.

Specifications.

1. A channel check of the reactor tank water level alarm shall be performed semi-annually.

2. A channel check of the reactor tank water temperature alarm shall be performed quarterly.

A channelcalibration of the reactor tank water temperature system shall be performed annually.

3. The reactor tank water conductivity shall be measured monthly 11c1ls the :'caeter tanrk is dr,,incd.

4. The reactor tank water pH shall be measured quarterly if aluminum-clad fuel is in the core, FkHEefcaetoi" tank is filh"d.5. These checks are not required if the reactor core is defueled and the water level is below the purification system suction.Basis. Experience has shown that the frequencies of checks on systems which monitor reactor primarywater can adequately keep the tank water at the proper level and maintain water quality at such a level tominimize corrosion and maintain safety.14.4.4 This section intentionally left blank.14.4.5 Ventilation SystemApplicability.

This specification applies to the reactor bay confinement ventilation system.Objective.

The objective is to as, ffeensurc the proper operation of the ventilation system in controlling releases of radioactive material to the unrestricted area.Specifications.

1. A channel check of the reactor bay ventilation system's ability to maintain a negative pressure in thereactor bay with respect to surrounding areas shall be performed prior to each day's operation or priorto each operation extending more than one day.2. A channel check of the reactor bay ventilation system's ability to automatically switch to the emergency mode upon actuation of the CAM high alarm shall be performed

quarterly.

Basis. Experience has demonstrated that checks of the ventilation system on the prescribed frequencies aresufficient to assureensure proper operation of the system and its control over releases of radioactive material.

Rev. 10/14ý 14-17.USGS Safety Analysis Report 14.4.6 This section intentionally left blank.14.4.7 Radiation Monitoring SystemApplicability.

This specification applies to the surveillance requirements for the area radiation monitoring equipment and the air monitoring systems.Objective.

The objective is to a ensure that the radiation monitoring equipment is operating properlyand to verify the appropriate alarm settings.

Specifications.

1. A channel check of the radiation monitoring systems in section 14.3.7.1 shall be performed prior toeach day's operation or prior to each operation extending more than one day.2. A channel test of the continuous air particulate monitor shall be performed monthly.3. A channel calibration of the radiation monitoring systems in section 14.3.7.1 shall be performed annu-ally.Basis. Experience has shown that an annual calibration is adequate to correct for any variation in thesystem due to a change of operating characteristics Over a long time span.14.4.8 Experimental LimitsApplicability.

This specification applies to the surveillance requirements for experiments installed in thereactor and its irradiation facilities.

Objective.

The objective is to prevent the conduct of experiments which may damage the reactor or releaseexcessive amounts of radioactive materials as a result of experiment failure.Specifications.

1. The reactivity worth of an experiment shall be estimated or measured, as appropriate, before routinereactor operation with that experiment.

2. An experiment shall not be installed in the reactor or its irradiation facilities unless a safety analysishas been performed and reviewed for compliance with Section 14.3.8 by the Reactor Supervisor orReactor Operations Committee in full accord with Section 14.6.2.3 of these Technical Specifications, and the procedures which are established for this purpose.Basis. Experience has shown that experiments which are reviewed by the staff of the GSTR and theReactor Operations Committee can be conducted without endangering the safety of the reactor or exceeding the limits in the Technical Specifications.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-18Rev. 10/14 14.4.9 This section intentionally left blank.14.5 Design Features14.5.1 Site and Facility Description Applicability.

This specification applies to the U.S. Geological Survey TRIGA Reactor site location andspecific facility design features.

Objective.

The objective is to specify the location of specific facility design features.

Specifications.

1. The restricted area is that area inside the fence surrounding the reactor portion of the building andthe reactor operations area within the building itself. The unrestricted area is that area outside thereactor buildingoperations area and the fence surrounding the reactor portion of the building.

2. Building 15 houses the TRIGA reactor and other research laboratories of-the-lU-Sr-Geological.Survey.

3. The reactor facility shall be equipped with ventilation systems designed to exhaust air or other gasesfrom the reactor bay and release them from vertical level at least 21 feet above ground level.4. Emergency controls for the ventilation systems shall be located in the reactor control room.Basis. The reactor building and site description are strictly defined (SAR Chapter 2). The facility isdesigned such that the ventilation system will normally maintain a negative pressure in the reactor baywith respect to the outside atmosphere so that there will be no uncontrolled leakage to the unrestricted environment.

Controls for normal and emergency operation of the ventilation system are located in thereactor control room. Proper handling of airborne radioactive materials (in emergency situations) can beconducted from the reactor control room with a minimum of eýxposure to operating personnel (SAR 9.1 and13.2.1).14.5.2 Reactor Coolant SystemApplicability.

This specification applies to the tank containing the reactor and to the cooling of the coreby the tank water.Objective.

The objective is to assureensure that coolant water shall be available to provide adequate coolingof the reactor core and adequate radiation shielding.

Specifications.

1. The reactor core shall be cooled by natural convective water flow.2. The tank water inlet and outlet pipes to the heat exchanger and to the demineralizer shall be equippedwith siphon breaks 14 feet above the top of the core or higher.Rev. 10/1414-19USGS Safety Analysis Report

3. A tank water level alarm shall be provided to indicate loss of coolant prior to the tank level droppingmore than 24"-1 inches below the top lip of the tank.4. A bulk tank water temperature alarm shall be provided to indicate high bulk water temperature priorto the temperature exceeding 60 'C.5. These specifications are not required to be met if the reactor core has been defueled.

Basis.1. This specification is based on thermal and hydraulic calculations which show that the TRIGA corecan operate in a safe manner at power levels up to 1.9 MW with natural convection flow of the coolantwater (SAR 4.5.4.5).

.2. In the event of accidental siphoning of tank water through inlet and outlet pipes of the heat exchanger or demineralizer system, the tank water level will drop to a level no less than 14 feet from the top ofthe core (SAR 5.2).3. Loss-of-coolant alarm caused by a water level.dropto.-nothe water level dropping more than 24:! inchesbelow the top lip of the tank provides a timely warning so that corrective action can be initiated.

Thisalarm is located in the control room (SAR 5.2).4. The bulk water temperature alarm provides warning so that corrective action can be initiated in atimely manner to protect the quality of the ion exchange resin. The alarm is located in the controlroom (SAR 7.2.3.2).

14.5.3 Reactor Core and Fuel14.5.3.1 Reactor CoreApplicability.

This specification applies to the configuration of fuel and in-core experiments.

Objective.

The objective is to aete+*wensure that provisions aremade to restrict the arrangement of fuelelements and experiments so as to provide assurance that excessive power densities shall not be produced.

Specifications.

1. The core shall be an arrangement of TRIGA uranium-zirconium hydride fuel-moderator elementspositioned in the reactor grid plate.2. The TRIGA core assembly may consist of stainless-steel clad fuel elements (8.5 to 12.0 wt% uranium),

aluminum-clad fuel elements (8.0 wt% uranium),

or a combination thereof.

All Aluminum-clad fuelelements mustl be loca.tedare restricted to locations in the F or G rings.3. The fuel shall be arranged in a close-packed configuration except for single element positions occupiedby in-core experiments, irradiation facilities, graphite

dummies, aluminum

dummies, stainless steelUSGS Safety Analysis Report14-20Rev. 10/14

• dummies, control rods, and startup sources.

The core may also contain two separated experiment positions in the D through E rings, each occupying

a. maximum of three fuel element positions.

4. Core grid positions may. be empty (water filled).5. The reflector, excluding experiments and irradiation facilities, shall be graphite, water, or a combination of graphite and water. A reflector is not required if the core has been defueled.

Basis.1. Standard TRIGA cores have been in use for years and their characteristics are well documented.

Analytic studies performed at GSTR for a variety of mixed fuel arrangements indicate that such coreswith mixed loadings would safely satisfy all operational requirements (SAR 4.2).2. The core will be assembled in the reactor grid plate which is ,located in a tank of light water. Waterin combination with graphite reflectors can be used for neutron economy and the enhancement ofirradiation facility radiation requirements (SAR 4.2).14.5.3.2 Control RodsApplicability.

This specification applies to the control rods used in the reactor core.Objective.

The objective is to ati.ensure that the control rods are of such a design as to permit their usewith a high degree of reliability with i'espect to their physical and nuclear characteristics.

Specifications.

1. The shim and regulating control rods shall have scram capability and contain borated graphite, B4Cpowder or boron, with its compounds in solid form as a poison, in aluminum or stainless steel cladding.

These rods may incorporate fueled followers.

2. The transient control rod shall have scram capability and contain borated graphite, B4C powder orboron, with its compounds in a solid form as a poison in an aluminum or stainless steel cladding.

Thetransient rod drive mechanism shall have an adjustable upper limit to allow a variation of reactivity insertions.

This rod may incorporate an aluminum-or air-follower.

Basis. The poison requirements for the control rods are satisfied by using neutron absorbing boratedgraphite, B4C powder or boron with its compounds in a solid form. These materials must be contained ina suitable clad material such as aluminum or stainless steel to ensure mechanical stability during movementand to isolate the poison from the tank water environment.

Control rods (that are fuel-followed) provideadditional reactivity to the core and increase the worth of the control rod. The use of fueled-followers hasthe additional advantage of reducing flux peaking in the water-filled regions vacated by the withdrawal ofthe control rods. Scram capabilities are provided for rapid insertion of the control rods which is the primarysafety feature of the reactor.

The transient control rod is designed for rapid withdrawal from the reactorcore which results in a reactor pulse. The nuclear behavior of the air- or aluminum-follower, which may beRev. 10/1414-21USGS Safety Aiialysis Report incorporated into the transient rod, is similar to a void. A more detailed description of the control rods andtheir properties can be found in SAR 4.2.2.14.5.3.3 Reactor FuelApplicability.

This specification applies to the fuel elements used in the reactor core.Objective.

The objective is to w, ecnsure that the fuel elements are of such a design and fabricated insuch a manner as to permit their use with a high degree of reliability with respect to their physical andnuclear characteristics.

Specifications.

1. Aluminum-clad TRIGA fuel. The individual unirradiated aluminum-clad fuel elements shall have thefollowing characteristics:

(a) Uranium content:

nominally 8.0 wt% enriched to a nominal 20% 235U;(b) Hydrogen-to-zirconium atom ratio nominally 1 to 1; and(c) Cladding is aluminum of a nominal 0.030 inch thickness.

2. Stainless-steel clad TRIGA fuel. The individual unirradiated standard TRIGA fuel elements shallhave the following characteristics:

(a) Uranium content:

nominal range of of 8.5 to 12.0 wt% enriched to a nominal 20% 235U;(b) Hydrogen-to zirconium atom ratio nominally between 1.6 to 1 and 1.7 to 1,;,and(C) GQadd4ng:

304 stahnles steel, nomina! 0.020 inches thickCladdding is 304 stainless Steel of a nominal 0.020inch thickness.

Basis.1. A nominal uranium content of 8 wt% in an aluminum-clad TRIGA element is less than the traditional stainless-steel clad element design value of 8.5 wt%. Such a decrease gives a lower power density.

Thenominal hydrogen-to-zirconium ratio of 1-o to 1 could result in a phase change of the ZrH if fueltemperature is allowed to exceed 535 'C. Although this would not necessarily cause a rupture of thefuel cladding, it would cause distortion and stressing of the cladding.

2. A maximum nominal uranium content of 12 wt% in'a standard TRIGA element is about 50% greaterthan the lower-loaded nominal value of 8.5 wt%. Such an increase in loading would result in an increasein power density of less than 50%. An increase in local power density of 50% reduces the safety marginby, at most, 10%. The maximum hydrogen-to-zirconium ratio of 1.7 to 1 could result in a maximumstress under accident conditions to the fuel element cladding of about a factor of 1.5 greater than thevalue resulting from a hydrogen-to-zirconium ratio of 1.60. However, this increase in the cladding stressduring an accident would not exceed the rupture strength of the cladding.

TJSGS Safety Analysis Report14-22Rev. 10/14 14.5.4 Fuel StorageApplicability.

This specification applies to the storage of reactor fuel at times when it is not in the reactorcore.Objective.

The objective is to asuLreensure that fuel which is being stored shall not become critical andshall not reach an unsafe temperature.

Specifications.

1. All fuel elements shall be stored in a geometrical array where the k-effective is less than 0.9 for allconditions of moderation.

2. Irradiated fuel elements and fuel devices shall be stored in an array which will permit sufficient naturalconvection cooling by water or air such that the temperature of the fuel element or fueled device willnot exceed design values.Basis. The limits imposed are conservative and assureensure safe storage (NUREG-1537).

14.6 Administrative Controls14.6.1 Organization Individuals at the various managefrient levels, in addition to being responsible for the policies and operation of the reactor facility, shall be responsible for safeguarding the public and facility personnel from undueradiation exposures and for adhering to all requirements of the operating

license, technical specifications, and federal regulations.

The minimum qualification for all members of the reactor operating staff shall bein accordance with ANSI/ANS 15.4, "Standard for the Selection and Training of Personnel for ResearchReactors."

14.6.1.1 Structure The reactor administration shall be related to the USGS and USNRC structure as shown in Figure 14.1.14.6.1.2 Responsibility The following specific organizational levels, and responsibilities shall exist:1. USGS Director (Level 1): The Director is accountable for ensuring that all regulatory requirements, including implementation and enforcement, are in accordance with all requirements of the USNRC andthe Code of Federal Regulations.

2. Reactor Administrator (Level 2): The Reactor Administrator is responsible to the Director and isresponsible for guidance, oversight, and management support of reactor operations.

Rev,. 10/1414-23.USGS Safety Analysis Report Line of Communication

............

Line of Responsibility

-Figure 14.1: Administrative Structure

3. Reactor Supervisor (Level 3): The Reactor Supervisor reports to the Reactor Administrator and isresponsible for directing the activities of the Reactor Operators and 'Senior Reactor Operators and forthe day-to-day operation and maintenance of the reactor.4. Reactor Operator and Senior Reactor Operator (Level 4): The Reactor Operator and Senior ReactorOperator report to the Reactor Supervisor and are primarily involved in the manipulation of reactorcontrols, monitoring of instrumentation, and operation and maintenance of reactor related equipment.

14.6.1.3 Staffing1. The minimum staffing when the reactor is oper~ating shall be:(a) A Licensed Operator in the control room;(b) A second facility staff person present or on call; and on call means an individual who:USGS Safety Analysis Report14-24Rev. 10/14

i. Can be reached by an available communication method within 5 minutes andii. Is capable of getting to the reactor facility within 1530 minutes under normal conditions, oriii. Is within a 15 mile radius of the reactor facility.

(c) A SRO shall be reachable by any communication method and capable of getting to the reactorfacility within 530 minutes under normal conditions or is within a 15 mile radius of the reactorfacility.

(d) It is not necessary to have a SRO oii call if the Reactor Operator in the control room is a SRO.If the Reactor Operator in the control room is a SRO, a second person shall be available at thefacility or on call.2. Events requiring the direction of a Senior Reactor Operator(a) Initial approach to critical for each day's first critical operation; (b) Reactor start-up and approach to power;(c) All fuel or control rod *move+nentisrelocations within the reactor core region;(d) Relocation of any in-core components (other than normal control rod movements) or irradiation facility with a reactivity worth greater than one dollar;(e) Recovery from an unscheduled shutdown or an unscheduled significant power reduction

,-and.14.6.1.4 Selection and Training of Personnel The selection, training and requalification of operations personnel shall be in accordance with ANSI/ANS15.4, "Standard for the Selection and Training of Personnel for Research Reactors."

14.6.2 Review And AuditThe Reactor Operations Comittee (ROC) shall have primary responsibility for review and audit of the safetyaspects of reactor facility operations.

14.6.2.1 Composition and Qualifications The Reactor Operations Committee shall be composed of at least four voting members, including the Chair-man. All members of the Committee shall be knowledgeable in subject matter related to reactor operations.

To expedite Committee

business, a Committee Chairman hak-beenmay be appointed.

The Chairman of theReactor Operations Committee is listed by name on the Reactor Operations Committee roster.The Committee is appointed by the Director, U.S. Geological Survey. No definite term of service is specified; but should a vacancy occur in the Committee, the Director will appoint a replacement.

The remaining members of the Committee will be available to assist the Director in the selection of new members.

TheReactor Supervisor and the Radiation Safety Officer are ex-officio members of the Committee, and theReactor Supervisor is the only non-voting member of the Committee.

Rev. 10/1414-25USGS Safety Analysis Report 14.6.2.2 Charter and RulesThe Reactor Operations Committee consists of USGS members and non-USGS

members, and the Committee must meet at least semi-annually.

Criteria have been established for the conduct of the meetings and a charter for the Committee is writtenin the USGS Survey Manual.A quorum for review, audit, and approval purposes shall consist of not less than one-half of the committee membership, provided that the operating staff does not constitute a majority of the committee membership.

The Chairperson or an alternate must be present at all meetings in which the official business of the committee is being conducted.

Approvalst by the committee shall require an affirmative vote by a majority of the non-Survey members present and an affirmative vote by a majority of the Survey members present.14.6.2.3 Review and Audit FunctionSemi-annual meetings will ,be held to review and audit reactor operations.

The following items shall bereviewed:

1. Determinations that proposed changes in equipment,

systems, test, experiments, or procedures areallowed without prior authorizatiorn by the responsible authority, for example, 10 CFR 50.59 or 10CFR 830;2. All new procedures and major revisions thereto having safety significance, proposed changes in reactorfacility equipment, or systems having safety significance;

3. All new experiments or classes of experiments that could aff. roaotivitycause a reactivity chlange neara technical specification limit or result in the release of radioactivity;

4. Proposed changes in technical specifications,

license, or charter;5. Violations of technical specifications,

license, or charter.

Violations of internal procedures or instruc-tions having safety significance;

6. Operating abnormalities having safety significance;

7. Reportable occurrences listed in 14.6.67.2; and8. Audit reports.A written report or minutes of the findings and recommendations of the review group shall be submitted tothe Reactor Administrator and the review and audit group members in a timely manner after the review hasbeen completed.

The audit function shall include selective (but comprehensive) examination of operating

records, logs, and other documents.

Discussions with cognizant personnel and observation of operations t "Approval" as used in this section shall mean approval for substantive issues, including Class II Experiments, 10 CFR 50.59changes, license amendments or any other matters designated by the Reactor Administrator, the Reactor Supervisor, or theReactor Operations Committee.

Minor issues will continue to be handled by the reactor staff and the Reactor Supervisor asdescribed elsewhere in the Reactor Operations Manual.USGS Safety Analysis Report14-26Rev. 10/14 should be used also as appropriate.

In no case shall the individual immediately responsible for the areaperform an audit in that area. The following items shall be audited:1. Facility operations for conformance to the technical specifications and applicable, license or charterconditions:

at least once per calendar year (interval between audits not to exceed 15 months);2. The retraining and requalification program for the operating staff: at least once every other calendaryear (interval between audits not to exceed 30 months);3. The results of action taken to correct.

those deficiencies that may occur in the reactor facility equipment,

systems, structures, or methods of operations that affect reactor safety: at least once per calendar year(interval between audits not! to exceed 15 months);4. The reactor facility emergency plan and implementing procedures:

at least once every other calendaryear (interval between audits not to exceed 30 months).Deficiencies uncovered that affect reactor safety shall immediately be reported to the Reactor Administrator.

A written report of the findings of the audit shall be submitted to the Reactor Administrator and the reviewand audit group members within 3 months after the audit has been completed.

These meetings will also include annual audits of the reactor facility and reactor records by the Commit-tee. New Class I Experiments, approved by the Reactor Supervisor will be discussed.

Any new Class IIExperiments

pending, or any business which requires Committee approval will be handled in the following manner.1. The Reactor Supervisor will request a meeting of: Survey members.2. If the experiment is approved by them, the Reactor Supervisor will communicate the recommendations of the local group, along with the proposed experimental details to Non-Survey Members.

The ReactorSupervisor shall provide adequate detail, either verbal, or in writing to the out-of-town members toallow an informed decision.

The decisions, with' comnments and discussions, shall be documented forfuture review and audit purposes.

3. Approval to proceed will be given by the Reactor Operations Committee'

Chairman, who will sign theexperiment application document to indicate Committee approval.

4. If the experiment cannot be approved in this manner, the experiment application document will bedistributed to all Committee members for further discussion and will be placed on the agenda of thenext full Committee meeting.

Normally the non-Survey members will attend only every other semi-annual meeting.

These full Committee meetings are generally scheduled each spring. Special meetingsfor the review of specific problems or urgent Class II Experiments will be called whenever necessary.

A Quarterly Report will be prepared by the Reactor Supervisor for the members of the Committee.

Thisreport will be in sufficient detail to allow members of the Committee to review the safety standards associated with the operation and use of the reactor facility.

Each Quarterly Report will include a synopsis of allexperiments approved during the period to in+m4eensure that the intent and function of the Committee, asmentioned in the Technical Specifications is being maintained.

Rev. 10/1414-27USGS Safety Analysis Report 14.6.2.4 Inactive Member StatusCommittee members will be considered on inactive status should prolonged absences from their normalbusiness address not allow them to participate in routine Committee business.

The Committee Chairperson is responsible to i+u-recnsure the function of the Committee is not diluted so as to be ineffective by suchactions and will recommend the appointments of alternates if the need arises.The Reactor Supervisor will insureensure.

that any members who are unable to attend a Reactor Operations Committee

meeting, or are on inactive status due to other commitments, will be kept informed of allCommittee business.

14.6.3 Radiation SafetyThe Reactor Supervisor, in coordination with the Reactor Health Physicist, shall be responsible for imple-mentation of the radiation safety program.

The requirements of the radiation safety program are established in 10 CFR 20. The program should use the guidelines of the ANSI/ANS 15.11, "Radiation Protection atResearch Reactor Facilities."*

14.6.4 Procedures Written operating procedures shall be adequate to assureensure the safety of operation of the reactor, butshall not preclude the use of independent judgment and action should the situation require such. Procedures shall be in effect for the following items:1. Performing reactor experiments;

2. Startup, operation and shutdown of the reactor;3. Emergency situations;

4. Core changes and fuel movement;

5. Control rod removal and replacement;

6. Performing maintenance which may affect reactor safety;7. Administrative controls;

8. Power calibration;

9. Radiation protection; and10. Use, receipt and transfer of hy-proewdtlicensed radioactive

material, if appropriate.

Substantive changes to the above procedures shall be made only with the approval of the ROC. Exceptfor radiation protection procedures, unsubstantive changes shall be approved prior to implementation byUSGS Safety Analysis Report14-28Rev. 10/14 the Reactor Supervisor and documented by the Reactor Supervisor within 90 days of implementation.

Un-substantive changes to radiation protection procedures shall be approved and documented by the ReactorHealth Physicist within 90 days of implementation.

14.6.5 Experiment ReviewAdministrative requirements are in place at the GSTR to assureensure that all experiments are performed in a manner which will ensure the protection of the public. Experiment review meets the requirements ofRegulatory Guide 2.2, and Standard ANSI N401-1974 (ANS-15.6) as modified by Regulatory Guide 2.4. Allexperiments proposed for the reactor will be either Class I or Class II experiments.

The classification of theproposed experiments will be the responsibility of the Reactor Supervisor.

Class I experiments include allexperiments that have been run previously or that are minor modifications to a previous experiment.

Theseare experiments which involve small changes in reactivity, no external shielding

changes, and/or limitedamounts of radioisotope production.;

The Reactor Supervisor has the authority to approve the following:

1. Experiments for which there exists adequate precedence for assurance of safety.2. Experiments which represent less than that amount of reactivity worth necessary for prompt criticality.

3. Experiments in which any significant reactivity worth is stable and mechanically fixed, that is, securelyfastened or bolted to the reactor structure.

Class II experiments include all new experiments and major modifications of previous experiments.

Theseexperiments must be reviewed and approved by the Reactor Operations Committee before being run. TheRadiation Safety Committee may also be consulted.

These experiments may involve larger changes inreactivity, external shielding

changes, and/or larger amounts of radioisotope production.

These include:1. In-core experiments which involve, in an unstable form, reactivity worth greater than that necessary to produce a prompt critical condition in the reactor core.2. Experiments involving corrosive chemicals, pressures or temperatures which, if failure should occur,could endanger the safety of the reactor core.3. Dynamic experiments which could introduce appreciable reactivity worth into the reactor by failureor malfunction.

Included in this group are circulation systems which operate in or at the core and bywhich if a failure occurred, the core could be damaged.4. Experiments which are dynamically coupled to the reactor core and together function as a system, i.e.to measure nuclear absorption cross sections, or study transient responses.

5. Experiments which interfere in any way with the normal function of any of the reactor safety circuits.

6. Experiments which could produce radiation levels sufficient to cause serious personnel radiation injury.7. Experiments which by their unusual hazard could produce injury or death.Rev. 10/1414-29USGS Safety Analysis Report The radioisotopes produced at the GSTR may only be transferred to licensed users. Individuals associated with the U.S. Geological Survey may be approved to receive radioactive material under the authority ofthe USGS license by the USGS Radiation Safety Committee.

Other users must have a current Radioactive Material License.

This informnation is verified during the approval of the experiment, prior to performance of the experiment.

14.6.6 Required Actions14.6.6.1 Actions to Be Taken in Case of Safety System Setting Violation In the event a safety system setting limit (steady state power level of 1.1 MW) is exceeded:

1. The reactor shall be shut down and reactor operation shall not be resumed until authorized by theReactor Operations Committee;

2. An immediate notification of the,occurrence shall be made to the Reactor Administrator, ROC Chair-person; and3. Reports shall be made to the USNRC. in accordance with Section 14.6.67.2 of these Technical Spec-ifications.

The written report (required within 14 days) shall include an analysis of the causes andextent of possible resultant damage, efficacy of corrective action, and recommendations for measures toprevent or reduce the probability of recurrence.

This report shall be submitted to the ROC for reviewand submitted to the NRC when authorization is sought to resume operation Qf the, reactor.14.6.6.2 Actions to Be Taken in the Event of an Occurrence of the Type Identified in Section14.6.67.2 Other than a Safety'System Setting Violation For all events which are required by regulations or Technical Specifications to be reported to the NRCwithin 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> under Section 14.6.67.2, except a safety system setting violaiidii, the following actions shallbe taken:1. The reactor shall be secured and the Reactor Supervisor notified;

2. Operations shall not resume unless authorized by the Reactor Supervisor;

3. The Reactor Operations Committee shall review the occurrence at their next scheduled meeting; and4. Where appropriate, a report shall be submitted to the NRC in accordance with Section 14.6.67.2 ofthese Technical Specifications.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-30Rev. 10/14 14.6.7 Reports14.6.7.1 Annual Operating ReportAn annual report covering the previous calendar year shall be created and submitted by the Reactor Super-visor to the USNRC consisting of:1. A brief summary of operating experience including the energy produced by the reactor and the hoursthe reactor was critical;

2. The number of unplanned shutdowns, including reasons therefore;

3. A tabulation of major preventative and correctivemaintenance operations having safety significance;

4. A brief description, including a summary of the safety evaluations, of changes in the facility or inprocedures and of tests and experiments carried out pursuant to 10 CFR 50.59;5. A summary of the nature and amount of radioactive effluents released or discharged to the environsbeyond the effective control of the licensee as measured at or prior to the point of such release ordischarge.

The summary shall include to the extent practicable an estimate of individual radionuclides present in the effluent.

If the estimated average release after dilution or diffusion is less than 25 percentof the concentration allowed or tedommended, a'statement to this effect is sufficient;

6. A summarized result of environmental surveys performed outside the facility; and7. A sumnary of exposures received by facility personnel and visitors where such exposures are greaterthan 25 percent of that allowed.14.6.7.2 Special ReportsIn addition to the requirements of applicable regulations, and in no way substituting therefore, reports shallbe made by the Reactor Supervisor to the NRC as follows:1. A report within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> by telephone, digital submission, or fax to the NRC Operations Centerfollowed by a written report within 14 days that describes the circumstances associated with any ofthe following:

(a) Any accidental release of radioactivity above applicable limits in unrestricted areas, whether ornot the release resulted in property

damnage, personal injury, or exposure; (b) Any violation of a safety limit;(c) Operation with a safety system setting less conservative than specified in the Technical Specifications.;

(d) Operation in violation of a Limiting Condition for Operation; (e) Failure of a required reactor safety system component which could render the system incapable ofperforming its intended safety function unless the failure is discovered during maintenance testsor periods of reactor shutdown; Rev. 10/1414-31USGS Safety Analysis Report (f) An unanticipated or uncontrolled change in reactivity greater than $1.00;(g) An observed inadequacy in the implementation of either administrative or procedural

controls, such that the inadequacy could have caused the existence or development of a condition whichcould result in operation of the reactor outside the specified safety limits; or(h) A release confirmed to be fission products greater than 10 CFR 20 values from a fuel element;2. A report within 30 days in writing to the NRC, Document Control Desk, Washington, D.C. of:(a) Permanent changes in the facility organization involving Level 1-2 personnel; (b) Significant changes in the transient or accident analyses as described in the Safety Analysis Report;14.6.8 Records14.6.8.1 Records to be Retained for a Period of at Least Five Years or for the Life of the Component Involved if Less than Five Years1. Normal reactor operation (but not including supporting documents such as checklists, data sheets,etc., which shall be maintained for a period of at least ,netwo years);2. Principal maintenance activities;

3. Reportable occurrences;

4. Surveillance activities required by the Technical Specifications;

5. Reactor facility radiation and contamination surveys;6. Experiments performed with the reactor;7. Fuel inventories,

receipts, and shipments;

8. Approved changes to the operating procedures; and9. Reactor Operations Committee meetings and audit reports.14.6.8.2 Records to be Retained for at Least One Certification Cycle1. Records of retraining and requalification of Reactor Operators and Senior Reactor Operators shall beretained for at least one certification cycle.2. Records of the most recently completed certification cycle for an individual shall be maintained at leastas long as that individual is employed at the facility.

USGS Safety Analysis Report14-=32Rev. 10/14 14.6.8.3 Records to be Retained for the Lifetime of the Reactor Facility1. Gaseous and liquid radioactive effluents released to the environs;

2. Offsite environmental monitoring surveys.;

3. Radiation exposures for all personnel monitored; and4. Drawings of the reactor facility.

Rev. 10/14 14-3 3 USGS Safety Analysis ReportRev. 10/1414-33USGS Safety Analysis Report