ML19329C020

Preoperational & Operational Environ Radiological Monitoring, Draft Annual Rept Jan-Dec 1977.Summary & Interpretation

ML19329C020
Person / Time
Site:	Davis Besse
Issue date:	03/08/1978
From:	Huebner L, Rachel Johnson, Wild R NAL-CO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
To:
Shared Package
ML19329C021	List: ML19329C020 ML19329C025 ML19329C029
References
5501-07786, 5501-7786, NUDOCS 8002120761
Download: ML19329C020 (54)

Text

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e NALCO E NVIR O N M E NT AL SCIENCES 1500 F A ONTAG E A C AC o NOATHBACOK. ILLINOIS 80002 o AAEA 312-584-0700 rua.co cweu cac cou 4m REPORT TO TOLEDO EDISON COMPANY TOLEDO, OHIO PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION OAK HARBOR, OHIO ANNUAL REPORT

SUMMARY

AND INTERPRETATION JANUARY - DECEMBER 1977 FOR SUBMITTAL TO THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES PROJECT NO. 5501-07786 Prepared by:

R.

[ []

E. Wild, Ph.D.

Group Leader Nuclear Sciences Section Approved by: / .J4/A I[/'G / Huebner, M. S.

Head Nuclear S iences Section Approved byr B. G. Johnsbn, Ph.D. '

Manager (  !

EnvironmehMal Sciences l

Final Draft, March 8, 1978 Draft 1, February 23, 1978 f () 0 212 0 h[

NALCO CNVIRONMENTAL CCIENCCO PREFACE The staff members of the Nuclear Sciences Section of NALCO Environmental Sciences Division were responsible for the acquisi-tion of the data presented in this report. Samples.were collected by members of the staff of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station and by local sample collectors.

The report was prepared by R. E. Wild, Group Leader, Nuclear Sciences Section, under the direction of L. G. Huebner, Head, Nuclear Sciences Section.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v I. Iittroduction . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. Summary. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 III. Methodology. . . . .~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A. Program Modification. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 B. The Air Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

.C. The Terrestrial Program . . . . . . . . . . . 5 D. The Aquatic Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-IV. Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 A. Effects of Chinese Atmospheric Nuclear Detonation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 B. Census of Milch Animals' . . . . . . . . . . . 13 i C. The Air Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 D. The Terrestrial Environment . . . . . . . . . 15 E. The Aquatic Environment . , . . . . . . . . . 20 V. Methodology Figures and Tables . . . . . . . . . . 23 VI. References Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 40 Appendix A. Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radioactivity in Air and Water . A-1 iii l

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,. LIST OF FIGURES No. Caption Page

1. Sampling locations on the site periphery of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. . . 24

2. Sampling locations (except those on the site periphery) , Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 i

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i LIST OF TABLES No. Title Page

1. Sampling locations, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No. 1. . . . . . . . . . . 26

2. Type and frequency of collections . . . . . . . . . 28

3. Sample codes used in Table 2. . . . . . . . . . . . 29

4. Sampling summary. . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . 30

5. Environmental radiological monitoring program summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 e

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NALCO ENVI54cNMENTAI. CCCNCCEB I. Introduction Because of the many potential pathways of radiation exposure to man from both natural and man-made sources, it is necessary to document levels of radioactivity and the variability of these levels which exist in an area prior to the anticipated release of any additional radioactive nuclides. To meet this objective, an extensive preoperational environmental radiological monitoring program was initiated for the Toledo Edison Corpany in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station site. This program included collection (both onsite and offsite) and radiometric analyses of airborne particulates, airborne iodine, ambient gamma radiation, milk, groundwater, meat and wildlife, fruits and vegetables, animal and wildlife feed, soil, surface water, fish, and bottom sediments.

BIO-TEST /NALCO ES completed the first four years of preoperation-al monitoring in June of 1976 and initiated a two and one-half year program including preoperational and operational monitoring in July o f 1976. Results of radiometric analyses of samples collected from January through December 1977 are reported herein. This report, prepared by NALCO Environmental Sciences , together with the previous reports (Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories , Inc. 1973a, 1973b, 1973 c , 19 73d , 19 74 a , 19 74b , 19 75 a and NALCO Environmental S ciences l 1975b 1976a, and 1976b) will help to establish radiological environ-mental baseline values prior to the operation of the Davis-Besse "uclear Power Station and to assess the environmental impact of any small releases of radioactivity by the plant now that it is j I

operational. Fuel elements were loaded in Unit 1 on 23 through 27 April 1977 and the initial criticality was achieved on 8 August 1977.

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NALCO GNVI54CNMUNTAL CCICNCGO Unit 1 achieved fifty percent of its operational capacity on 16 December 1977.

This report includes final preoperational data and initial operational data for the monitoring program at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. -

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o NALCO CNVIRONMENTAL CCIONCOC3 II. Summary Results of cample analyses during the period January - December 1977 are summarized in Table 5. Tabulations of data for all samples collected during this period, additional statistical analyses of the data, and grapha of data trends are presented in a separate report to the Toledo Edison Company.

Monitoring data collected during the period January - December 1977 were similar to data obtained during 1976 although radiation levels tended to be slightly higher. The major' contributor to these elevated levels was residual fallout from the atmospheric detonation of a four megaton nuclear device by the Chinese on 17 November 19 76. Fallout from a 20 kiloton device detonated on 17 September 1977 also caused brief elevations of activity in airborne particulates, milk, and fruits and vegetables. '

None of the results indicate any effect on the radiological environment due to Unit 1 since it became operational.

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III. Methodology

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The sampling locations for the Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Table 1 describes the loca-tions, lists for each its direction and distance from the station, and indicates which are indicator and which are control locations.

The sampling program monitors the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. The types of samples collected at each location and the frequency of collections are presented in Table 2 using codes defined in Table 3. Below, the collections and analyses that comprise the program are described. Finally, the execution of the program in the current reporting annual period (January - December 1977) is discussed.

A. Program abdification -

During the reporting period the monitoring program was modified slightly in accordance with the latest revision to the Environmental Technical Specifications for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. The modification requires monthly analyses of green leafy vegetables for iodine-131 during harvest season. Details are given in Section III. C.S.

B. The Air Procra_m_

l. Airborne Particulates ,

The airborne particulate samples are collected on 47 mm diameter membrane filters of 0.8 micron porosity at a valu-metric rate of approximately one cubic foot per minute. The filters are collected weekly from eleven locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-ll, T-12, T-23, and T-27), placed in individual glassine 4

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- protective envelopes, and dispatched by mail to NALCO Environmental Sciences for radiometric analyses. The filters are analyzed for gross beta activity approxi'mately five days after collection to allow for decay of naturally-occurring short-lived radionuclides.

The quarterly composites of all air particulate samples from indi-cator locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, and T-8) and of all air particulate samples from control locations (T-9, T-ll, T-12, T-23, and T-27) are gamma-scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90.

2. Airborne Iodine Each air sampler is equipped with a charcoal trap in-line after the filter holder. The charcoal trap at each location is changed at the same time as the particulate filter and analyzed for iodine-131 immediately after arrival at the laboratory.

3. Ambient Gamma Radiation The integrated gamma-ray background from natural radiation is measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD).

Monthly and quarterly TLD's are placed at thirteen locations (the eleven air sampling locations and locations T-5 and T-24) .

Each shipment of TLD's includes controls which are stored in a shield at the station and returned with the field TLD's after their removal. In transit exposures are measured by the control TLD's and subtracted from the field TLD measurements to obtain their net exposure.

C. The Terrestrial Program

1. Milk Two gallon milk samples are collected semi-monthly during the grazing period (May through October) and monthly during 5

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, the rest of the year from two indicator locations (T-8 and T-20) and one control location (T-24). The milk samples are analyzed ,

for iodine-131, strontium-89 and -90, calcium, stable potassium, and are gamma-scanned.

2. Groundwater P

one-gallon well water samples are collected quarter-ly from two indicator locations (T-7 and T-17) and from one control location (T-27). The gross beta activity is determined on the suspended and dissolved solids of each sample. The samples are also gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90, and tritium.

3. Edible Meat Semi-annually, domestic meat samples (chickens) are collected from one indicator location (T-32) and one control locaticn (T-34) and one representative species of wildlife (musk-rat or raccoon) is collected onsite (T-31). In addition, one waterfowl species and one snapping turtle are collected annually onsite (T-31) or in the site vicinity (T-33). Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on the edible portions of each sample.

4. Fruits and Vegetables Semi-annually, two varieties of fruits and vegetables are collected from each of the two indicator locations (T-8 and T-25) and from one control location (T-34). The edible portions  ;

are gamma scanned and analy::ed for strontium-89 and -90.

5. Green Leafy vegetables Monthly during the harvest season, green leafy vege-tables are collected from one indicator location (T-36) and one 6

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, control location (T-37). Th'e samples are analyzed for iodine-131.

l Should green leafy vegetables from private gardens not be available, l nonedible plants with similar leaf characteristics from the same vicinity may be substituted.

6. Animal-Wildlife Feed

• Animal feed is collected semi-annually from one indicator location, (T-8) and one control location (T-34). Cattle feed is collected during the first quarter and grass is collected during the third quarter. Also, once a year, a sample of smartweed is collected from location T-31 (onsite). Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on all samples.

7. Soil Once every three years, soil samples are collected from all eleven air sampling locations ; six indicator locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, and T-8) and five control locations (T-9, T-11, T-12, T-2 3, and T-27) . Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on all samples.

D. The Aquatic Procram

1. Treated Surface Water Weekly grab samples of treated water are collected at one indicator location (T-28, Unit 1 treated water supply, on-site) and two control locations (T-ll and T-12, Port Clinton and Toledo filtration plants) . The samples from each location are composited monthly and analyzed for gross beta activity in dis-solved and suspended solids. Quarterly composites from each loca-tion are gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90, and tritium.

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2. Untreated surface Water Weekly grab samples of untreated water from Lake ,

Erie are collected from one indicator location (T-3) and from two control locations (T-ll and T-12, Port Clinton and Toledo filtration plants, untreated water top) . In addition, hourly grab samples are collected from one in-plant water supply (T-28, Unit 1 untreated water supply, onsite) . The samples from each location are composited monthly and analyzed for gross beta activity in dissolved and suspended solids. Quarterly composites from each location are gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90, and tritium.

3. Fish Two species of fish are collected semi-annually from each of- the two locations in Lake Erie; from one indicator location in the vicinity of the discharge (T-33) and one control location approximately 15 miles from the plant (T-35, Put-In-Bay i

area). The flesh is separated from the bones, ashed, and analyzed  ;

for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes.

4. Bottom Sediments Semi-annually, bottom sediments are collected from three locations in Lake Erie; at two indicator locations , intake (T-29) and discharge (T-30), and at one control location about 5.3 miles WNW from the plant (T-27). The samples are gamma scanned and analyzed for gross beta and strontium-89 and -90.

E.. Program Execution Program execution is summarized in Table 4. The program 8

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Was executed as described in the preceding sections with the follow-

. ing exceptions:

(1) There were no air particulate or I-131 data from location T-3 for the weeks of 1-03-77 to 1-12-77 and 11-07-77 to

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11-14-77; from location T-11 for the week of 1-12-77 to 1-18-77;from location T-4 for the weeks of 2-28-77 to 3-07-77 and 7-05-77 to 7 77; from location T-2 for the week of 4-04-77 to 4-11-77; and from location T-8 for the weeks of 6-27-77 to 7-05-77 and 8-01-77 to 8 77 because the pumps failed .

(2) There were no air parts.culate data from location T-11 for the week of 4-11-77 to 4-18-77 because the filter was in-advertently not installed.

(3) There were no air particulate or I-131 data from locations T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-ll, T-12, and T-27 for the week of 11-28-77 to 12-05-77 because heavy snow blocked access to these sampling stations.

(4) There were no airborne I-131 data from location T-11 for the week of 4-11-77 to 4-18-77 and from location T-23 for the week of 12-19-77 to 12-27-77 because the samples were lost in transit.

(5) There were no airborne I-131 data from locations T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-ll, T-12, T-23, and T-27 for the week of 9-06-77 to 9-12-77 because of laboratory error.

(6) Weekly samples of treated water were not col-

! lected during the first week of December from locations T-11 and l T-28 because of a severe winter storm.

(7.) Weekly samples of untreated surface water were 9

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not collected from Lake Erie during the last week of November because ice had built up on shore.. Samples were not collected from the first week of January through the first of March and for the month of December because the lake was frozen.

(8) Weekly untreated water samples were not col-lected from locations T-11 and T-28 during the first week of December because of a severe winter storm.

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NALCO CNVIRONM 2NTAL CCICNCCO IV. Results and Discussion The results for the reporting period January to December 1977 are presented in summary form in Table 5. For each type of analysis of each sampled medium, this table shows the annual mean and range for all indicator locations and for all control locations. The

location with the highest annual maan and the results for this location are also given.

The discussion of the results has been divided into three broad categories ; the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments.

Within each category, samples are discussed in the order listed in Table 4. Any references to previous environmental data for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station refer to data collected by NALCO Environmental Sciences or Industrial B'IO-TEST Laboratories, Ihc.

The tabulated results of all measurements made during 1977 are not included in this section, although references to these results are made in the discussion. The complete tabulation of the results is submitted to the Toledo Edison Company in a separate report.

A. Effects of Chinese Atmospheric Nuclear Detonation l A major factor influencing program results during the reporting period was the atmospheric nuclear detonation by the People's Republic of China at 3 a.m. , EDT, on 17 September 1977.

The estimated yield of the device was 20 kilotons of TNT. This section briefly reviews information about the test and its environ-mental effects reported by the U. S. Environmental Protection' Agency in daily news releases (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 19 77c) .

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NALCD CNVIRONMONTAL CCICNCCO The test injected radioactive debris into the upper troposphere (30,000 to 40,000 feet) . The passage of this contami-nated air mass over the United States was monitored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the EPA. The leading edge of the contaminated air mass passed over the western edge of the continental United States on 21 September 1977. It probably passed over the Ohio area two to three days later.

To monitor effects of the radioactive cloud, the EPA meas-ured radioactivity in air particulates , rainwater, and pasteurized milk. On 27 September 1977, the EPA reported geographically scattered observations of elevated activity levels in air particu-lates and rainwater and the detection of iodine-131 in milk in Anchorage, Alaska and Richland, Washington. Later news releases reported additional scattered observations of elevated levels in air particulates and a large number of observations of elevated iodine-131 levels in milk.

The most pronounced effects were in milk. The EPA detec-ted iodine-131 in pasteurized milk samples collected in 37 states during the week ending 12 October 1977. The iodine-131 concentra-tions ranged from 13 to 78 pCi/l with levels in general higher wes of the Rocky Mountains. Results as high as 119 pCi/l were obtained the previous week. With regard.to health effects, the EPA stated that these values were "well below levels at which EPA would recommend the consideration of protective action by the States" and that " people should continue to use milk in the normal manner."

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l B. Census of Milch Animals In compliance with the Environmental Technical Specifi-cations for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, the annual census of milch animals was conducted on 18 December 1977 by plant person-nel. There were no known goats within a 15 mile radius of the station. Cow h~erds counted were : Moore Farm, 2.7 miles WSW of the station, 40 cows; Daup Farm, 5.4 miles SSE of the station, 25 cows ;

and Gaetes Farm, 5.5 miles WSW of the station, 30 cows. The Moore and Daup farms are indicator location T-8 and control location T-20, respectively. l C. The Air Environment

1. Airborne Particulates Gross beta measurements yielded annual means that were slightly higher at the five control locations (0.161 pCi/m 3) than at the six indicator locations (0.151 pCi/m )3 . The location with the highest annual mean (0.176 pCi/m 3) was control location T-12, 23.5 miles WNW of the station.

Gross beta activities at all locations were also l

statistically analyzed by months and quarters. The highest aver- l ages were for the month of June and the second quarter. These l results are consistent with the occurrence of the usual world-wide

" spring peak" in gross beta activity which, is believed to be due to radioactive debris in the stratosphere (Gold et al,1964; Wilson et i al, 1969). This spring peak was observed at monitoring locations throughout the United States (U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, i 1977a). Its pronounced sire in 1977 is probably due to radioactive 13 l 4

NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL CCIGNCUD debris in-Jected int.o the' stratospliere by the Chinese atmospheric nuclear test conducted on 17 November 1976. Debris from this test are expected to influence ground level air particulate activi-ties for several years (U. S.' Environmental Protection Agency, 1977b).

Gross beta activity attributable to the Chinese atmospheric nuclear test conducted on 17 September 1977 was ob-served at all locations and reached its maximum level during the week of 26 September to 3 October 1977. The maximum gross beta activities were slightly lower than those observed during the spring peak.

Gamma spectroscopic analysis of quarterly composites of air particulate filters yielded nearly identical results for indicator and control locations. The predominant gamma-emitting isotope was beryllium-7 which is produced continuously in the upper atmosphere by cosmic radiation (Arnold and Al-Salih, 1955). Trace amounts of zirconium-95, niobium-95, ruthenium-10 3, ruthenium-106, cesium-137, and cerium-144 were also detected in some samples.

Activities of these isotopes reached their highest levels during the second quarter and then decreased for the remainder of the year in-dicating that residual f' llout a from nuclear detonations in 1976 was brought down during the annual spring peak.

Both strontium-89 and strontium-90 activities were nearly identical for quarterly composites for control and indicator locations. Neither was detected in the first quarter composites.

Activities of both strontium-89 and strontium-90 reached their maxima in the second quarter and- gradually decrear.ed during the 14

NALCO CNVIRONMT.lNTAL CCICNCCC remaining two quarters.

2. Airborne Iodine Weekly levels of airborne iodine-131 were equal to or below the lower limit of detection (LLD) of 0.02 pCi/m3 throughout 1977. Only five of 542 samples yielded detectable results of 0.0210.01 pCi/m 3 , which, when compared with the LLD of 0.02 pCi/m3, are not considered to be significant.

3. Ambient Gamma Radiation Monthly TLD's at the indicator locations measured a mean equivalent dose of 15.8 3.8 mrem /91 days at indicator locations and a mean of 18.4 2.9 mrem /91 days at control locations.

These results were in agreement with the values obtained by quarterly TLD's. The highest annual .means for monthly TLD's (21.9 mrem /91 days) i < and for quarterly TLD's (21.6 mrem /91 days) occurred at control location T-24. The annual mean dose equivalent for all locations measilred by monthly and quarterly TLD's was 16.8 mrem /91 days.

D. The Terrestrial Environment

1. Milk A total of 60 analyses for iodine-131 in milk were performed during the reporting period. All samples collected before 1

October (42) contained less than 0.5 pCi/1 of iodine-131 with the  !

exception of two samples with elevated minimum sensitivities

(<1.3 and <0.8 pCi/1). The elevated minimum sensitivities were caused by poor chemical recoveries. Fallout from the most recent Chinese weapons test first appeared in samples collected on 3 October 1977. Iodine-131 levels ranged from 2.2 to 9.0 pCi/1 and exceeded the 2

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action limits for Davis-Besse. NALCO ES reported these elevated levels to Davis-Besse by telephone. Samples were collected weekly and results reported by telephone during October. The highest level of iodine-131 (23.9 pCi/1) was observed in milk collected on 11 October 1977 at location T-24, Toft's Dairy. Iodine-131 levels had returned to pre-fallout levels by mid-December.

Strontium-89 was detected in 15 of 54 milk samples.

The annual means were 2.57 pCi/l for the indicator location and 3.01 pCi/l for the control locations. Control location T-24 had -

the highest mean (3.4 pCi/1) of all locations. A value of 9.2 2. 7 pCi/1 was measured on 17 October 1977 at this location and is atitributable to fallout from the Chinese nuclear weapons test of 17 September 1977.

Strontium-89 results for 1976 were all below the LLD. During 1977, detectable levels were observed during two periods , the spring peak which occurred before the station was operational and during the weeks immediately follcwing the passage of the latest fallcut cloud. There is no evidence of a release of radioactive materials by the station.

The annual mean value for strontium-90 was slightly higher at the control locations (2.13 pCi/1) than at the indicator location (1. 76 pCi/I) . The location with the highest mean (2.34 pCi/1) was control location T-24. -

The activities of Ba-140 were below the LLD for all samples collected.

Results for cesium-137 and potassium-40 were nearly l identical at control and indicator locations (5.01 - 5.1 pCi/l and 16 1

NALCO F.NVISIGNMINTAL CCIENCCO 1266 - 1291 pCi/l for cesium-137 and potassium-40, respectively) .

Control location T-24 had the highest mean (5.5 pCi/1) for cesium-

, 137 and indicator location T-8 had the highest mean for potassium-40 (1291 pCi/1) .

Since the chemistries of calcium and strontium, and potassium and cesium are similar, organisms tend to deposit cesium-137 in' muscle and soft tissue and strontium-89 and -9.0 in bones.

In order to detect potential environmental accumulation of these radionuclides, the ratios of the strontium-90 activity to the weight of calcium and of the cesium-137 activity to weight of stable ,

potassium were monitored in milk. The measured concentrations of calcium and stable potassium were in agreement with previously determined values of 1.16 0. 0 8 g/l and '. 50 io . 21 g/1, respectively (National Center for Radiological Health,196 8) . No statistically significant variations in the ratios were observed.

2. Groundwater (Well water)

Gross beta activities in suspended solids were below the LLD of 0.34 pCi/l in eleven of the twelve samples analy::ed.

The sample collected from indicator location T-17 in the fourth quarter had an activity of 0.41i0.21 pCi/1. Gross beta activities in dissolved solids averaged 2.46 pCi/l at the indicator locations and 4.48 pCi/l at the control location. The value 'for the control location (T-27) was inflated by an activity of 11.2 3.6 pCi/1 detected in the sample collected during the third quarter and repre-sents an approximate five-fold increase in activity when compared to the results for the remaining three quarters. Similar results were 17

NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL CCICNC'30 obtained in 1976. It is speculated that the water table in the vicinity of the well drops during the summer and is replenished from a different aquifer. Gamma spectroscopic analyses performed in 1976 identified lead-214 as 'the probable source of increased beta activity at location T-27.

Three of twelve samples contained more than the LLD of- 180 pCi/1 of tritium. An activity of 410 pCi/l was detected at control location T-27. Of the indicator locations, only T-7 showed detectable activities. The mean value was 270 pCi/1.

Strontium-89 activity was below the LLD of 0.69 pCi/l for all samples. There were two detectable strontium-90 activities ,

both for indicator location T-7. The mean was 0.91 pCi/1. Neither of the results is significant when compared with the LLD.

All samples were below the LLD of 3.7 pCi/l for cesium-137 activity.

3. Edible Meat In edible meat samples (chicken, raccoon, goose, and snapping turtle) the mean potassium-40 activity was 2.0 8 pCi/g wet weight for the indicator locations and 1.47 pCi/g wet weight for the control location. The difference is not statistically signifi-cant. All cesium-137 activities were below the LLD (0.007 pCi/g wet weight) .

4. Fruits and Vegetables Strontium-89 achivities exceeded the LLD twice, cabbage from indicator location T-25 contained 0.115 0.014 pCi/g wet weight and beets from control location T-34 contained 0.029 0.016 pCi/g wet weight. Both samples were collected on 3 Octcher 18

NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL CCCNCIG 1977 and the results are attributable to fallout from the most recent weapons test.

Strontium-90 activities averaged 0.0183 pCi/g wet weight- at the indicator locations and 0.0085 pCi/g wet weight at the control location. All samples were collected in mid-July and early October. The results are attributable to fallout from pre-vious nuclear tests.

The predominant gamma-emitting isotope detected was potassium-40. The inean activities were 2.22 pCi/g wet weight,for indicator locations and 3.18 pCi/g wet weight for the control loca-tion. Niobium-95 was detected in five of thirteen samples. The mean activities were 0.137 pCi/g wet weight for indicator and 0.050 pCi/g wet weight for controls. The following activities (in

( pCi/g wet weight) were detected in samples from indicator locations :

zirconium-95 (O .155 ) ; ruthenium-106 (O.107); cesium-137 (0. 014 ) ;

cerium-141 (0. 270) ; and cerium-144 (0.157) . These activities are attributable to fallout from the nuclear weapons test of September 1977.

5. Green Leafv Vecetables Green leafy vegetables (cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, and swiss chard) collected during harvest season were analyzed for iodine-131. All results were below the LLD of 0.01 pCi/g wet weight.

6. Animal-Wildlife Feed In grass , smartweed, and, silage the predominant gamma-emitting isotopes were beryllium-7 and potassium-40, although niobium-95, cesium-137, and c5rium-144 were also detected. Means 19

NALCO ENVistCNMGNTAL CCIENCCO for the control locations were higher than those for the indicator locations for all of these gamma-emitters.

7. Soil Soil samples were collected in June of 1977 and analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes. The predominant activity was potassium-40 which had a mean of 19.2 pCi/g dry weight at control locations and of 18.5 pCi/g dry weight at indicator locations.

Cesium-137, niobium-95, zirconium-95, ruthenium-106, and cerium-144 were also detected. The mean activities of these isotopes ranged from 1.04 to 0.32 pCi/g dry weight. With the exception of cerium-144, which was detected at only one indicator location, the mean activi-ties were higher at control locations. Naturally occurring radium and thorium and their daughters were also detected. All other gamma-emitting isotopes were undetectable.

E. The Acuatic Environment

1. Water Samples - Treated In treated water samples the gross beta activity in suspended solids was below the LLD of 0.3 pCi/l at all locations.

Gross beta activity in dissolved solids averaged 2.73 pCi/1 at indicator locations and 2.84 pCi/l at control locations. .The values are similar to those measured in 1975 and 1976. Tritium activities a were approximately 60 percent of the levels detected in 1975 and 1976. The mean activity for the indicator location was 240 pCi/1 and 250 pCi/l at centrol locations. The difference is not statis-tically significant.

Strontium-89 was detected in three of twelve samples.

I 20

• i NALCO CNVIRONMENTAL CCIONC*2O ,

i l

The activity for indicator location T-28 was 0.96t0.76 pCi/1. The mean activity at control location T-12 was 1.35 0.044 pCi/1. The difference is not statistically significant. Strontium-90 activity was above the LLD of 0.57 pCi/l in six of twelve samples. The mean for the indicator location was 0.59 pCi/1 and 0.93 pCi/l for the control locations. Cesium-137 was below the LLD of 3.7 pCi/1 for all locations.

2. Water Samoles - Untreated In untreated water samples the mean gross beta activity in suspended solids was 1.17 pCi/l at indicator locations and 0.65 pCi/l at control locations. In dissolved solids the mean activity was 3.83 pCi/l at indicator locations .and 3.69 pCi/1 at control locations. For total residue the mean activities were 4.08 pCi/l at indicator locations and 3.85 pCi/l at control locations.

None of these results show statistically significant differences between indicator and control locations.

The mean tritium activity for indicator and control

~

locations were identical (250 pCi/1) and were approximately thirty percent lower than means determined in 1975 and 1976. These results are in agreement with ,those obtained for treated water.

Strontium-89 was above the LLD of 0.7 pCi/l in three of sixteen samples while strontium-90 was above the LLD of 0.5 pCi/1 in twelve of sixteen samples. The mean strontium-89 activity was l.91 pCi/l for indicator locations and 1.44 pCi/l for control loca-tions. The mean strontium-90 activity was 0. 83 pCi/l for indicator locations and 0.80 pCi/1 for control locations. In both cases there is no significant statistical difference between indicator and 21

NALCO ENVIRONM.ONTAL CCIENCES control locations.

Cesium-137 activity was below the LLD of 3.9 pCi/l for all locations.

3. . Fish The mean gross beta activity in fish muscle was

1. 32 pCi/g wet weight for indicator locations and 2.32 pCi/g wet weight for control locations.

Potassium-40 and cesium-137 were the 'only gamma-emitting isotopes detected. The mean potassium-40 activity was

~

1.19 pCi/g wet weight for the indicator location and 1.38 pCi/g wet weight for the control location. Perch collected in June exceeded the LLD of 0.002 pCi/g wet weight for cesium-137 at both indicator (0.0060i0.0013 pCi/g wet weight) and control (0.0073 0.0013 pCi/g wet weight) locations. The difference is not statistically signifi-cant.

. 4. Bottom Sediments The mean gross beta activity for bottom sediments was j 26.3t8.0 pCi/g dry weight for indicator locations and 15.15 0.07 l pCi/g dry weight for the control location. The location with the l l

highest mean was indicator location T-29 (30.95i0.07 pCi/g dry I weight) . Location T-29 also had the highest mean potassium-40 activity (22. 216. 6 pCi/g dry weight) which was the major contributor to the gross beta activity at all locations.

Cesium-137, strontium-89, and strontium-90 activities were all below their LLD's of 0.0 3, 0. 3, and 0.0 3 pCi/g dry weight, respectively.

22

NALCD CNVIRONMGNTAL CCIENCCO -

i V. Methodology Figures and Tables I

1 i

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NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES DIVISION NORTHDHOOK, ILLINOIS 60062 2

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Figure 1. Sampling locations on the site periphery of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.

E f/

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North Bass I ($

vr Middle Bass I & a

g. ,' < - ' 12 <

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-Q / NORTHBROOK, ILLINOIS 60062 Fostoria 1 Figure 2. Sampling locations (excepting those on the pite periphery) , Davis Besse Nuclear

Power Station, Unit No. 1 i

NALCO GNVIRONMENTAL CCIENCQ Table 1. Sampling locatione, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No. 1 1

Type of Code Incationa '

Iocation T- 1 I Site boundary, 0.6 miles NE of station, near intake canal.

T- 2 I Site boundary, 0.9 miles E of station.

T- 3 I Site boundary,1.4 miles SE of station, near Toussaint River and storm drain.

T- 4 I Site boundary, 0.8 miles S of station, near Locust Point and Toussaint River.

T- 5 I Main entrance to site, 0.25 miles W of station.

T- 7 I Sand Beach, 0.9 miles UNW of site.

T- 8 I Earl Moore Farm, 2.7 miles WSW of site.

.T- 9 C Oak Harbor, 6.8 miles SW of site.

T-ll C Port Clinton 9.5 miles SE of site.

T-12 C Toledo, 23.5 miles WNW of site.

T-17 I Irv Fick's well onsite, 0.7 miles SW of site.

T-20 C Daup Farm, 5.4 miles SSE of site.

T-23 C Put-In-Bay Lighthouse, 14. 3 miles ENE of site.

T-24 ,

C Sandusky, 24.9 miles SE of site.

T-25 I Miller Farm, 3.7 miles S of site.

T-27 C Magee Marsh , 5. 3 miles WNW of site.

T-28 I Unit 1 treated water supply, onsite.

• T-29 I Lake Erie, intake area, 1.5 miles NE of site.

T-30 I Lake Erie, discharge area, 0.9 miles ENE of site.

T-31 I Onsite.

T-32 I Land, within 5 miles radius of site.

26

NALCO ENVIRONM2NTAL CCIGNCGO Table l'. (continued)

Type of Code Incationa Location T-33 I Lake Erie, within 5 miles radius of site.

T-34 , ,

C Land, greater than 10 miles radius of site.

T-35 C Lake Erie, greater than 10 miles radius of site.

T-36 I Miller Farm, 3.7 miles S of site.

T-37 C Fruit Stand, 12.0 miles SW of site.

I = Indicator locations ; C = Control locations.

27

Table 2. Type and frequency of collection.

Sampling Location Type Weekly ' Monthly Quarterly Semi-annually Annually ,

1 I AP AI TLD TLD SOa ..

2 I AP AI TLD TLD SO 3 I AP AI SWU TLD 'TLD SO 4 I AP AI TLD TLD SO 5 I TLD TLD g 7 I AP AI TLD TLD WW SO )

8 I AP AI TLD MD TLD VE AFc so r

. 9 C AP AI TLD TLD SO O 11 C AP AI SWU SWT TLD . SO O 12 C AP AI SWU SWT TLD TLD SO M 17 20 I

C M WW f

23 24 C

C AP AI TLD TLD TLD TLD SO l2 y 25 C VE g 27 C AP AI TLD TLD WW BS SO 28 M I SWU SWT 2 29 I BS 30 I g

BS p 31 I WL SMW g 32 I ME 33 I n

F WF ST g 34 C ME VE AF 35 C 2 '

F G 36 I GLVd M 37 C GLVd E Once every three years.

b Semi-monthly during the grazing season, May through October.

d Cattle feed collected during the 1st quarter, grass collected during 3rd quarter.

Monthly during harvest.

NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL CCl2NCCO Table 3. Sample codes used in Table 2.

Code Descriotion AP Airborne Particulate _ ,

AI Airborne Iodine TLD (M) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Monthly TLD (Q) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Quarterly SWU Surface water - Untreated SWT Surface water - Treated (tap)

WW Well water (Ground Water)

BS Bottom Sediments SO Soil M Milk ME Domestic Meat WL Wildlife F Fish VE Fruits and Vegetables SMW Smartweed AF Animal Feed (silage , grain, grass)

WF Waterfowl ST Snapping Turtle GLV Green Leafy Vegetables 29

Table 4. Sampling summary. .

Collection Humi)er of Number of Sample Type and Number of Type Sanples Samples ..

FrequencyA locations Collected Missed Remarks Air Environment Airborne particulates C/W 11 564 19 See text p. 9 Airborne lodine C/W 11 552 31 TLD's C/M 13 See text p. 9 ;

156 0 C/0 Te rres t ri al Environment 13 52 0 f

Mfl G P.ty-Oct.) G/SM 3 36 46 Six extra samples, (Nov. - Apr. ) G/M 3 18 0 See text p. 15 0 Gr oundwate r G/O 3 12 0 Edible meat M

a. Tx)nestic seat G/SA 2 2

4 0

b. Wildlife G/SA 1 2 0 $

(one species) E

c. Waterfowl G/A 1 1 0 O

d. Snapping turtle C/A 1 1 0 2 Fruits and Vegetables C/SA 3 13 +1 g-(two variaties from 1 extra W -

. variety M O each location) 2 Graen I.eafy vegetables C/M 2 6 0 (during harvest season) h Animal-wildlife feed r=

a. Cattle feed G/A 2 2 0 g

b. Grass G/A 2 2 Collected 1st Q g 0 Collected 3rdQ -

c. Sm.artweed C/A 1 1 0 M Soil C/3Y 11 11 0 I g

A'lustIc Envi ronnent E Treated surface water G/WM 3 154b 2 See text p. 10 Untreated surface water C/WM 3 139 b 17 See text p. 9 G/lfH 1 51b g Fish (two species) G/SA 2 8 0 Dottom sediments G/SA 3 6 0 Type of collection is coded as follows: C/ = continuoun g C/ - grab. Frequency is coded as follows: /ifM = hourly grab composited monthlyg /WM = weekly grab conposited nionthly /W = weekly /SM = semi-monthly; /M = sonthlys /0 = quarterly /SA = semi-b annually; /A = annuallys /3Y = once every three years.

Sanples are sent to laboratory weekly.

e I

1 Table 5. Environmental Radiologica1' Monitoring Program Summary.

Name of facility Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Docket No.' 50-346-Location of facility m enm _ apn Reporting period .i.n...,v

- nar.a..-1977 (Lounty, stato)

Indicator Location with liighest Control Sample Type and Locations Annual Mean locations Number of Type Hwnber of Mean(F)O Hoan (F) Hoan(F) non-routine (Units) Analyses a LLDb Rango C focationd Range Range Results#

t Airborne GD 562 f 0.001 0.151 (303/303) T-12 23.5 WHW 0.18 (52/52) 0.161 (259/259) e particulates (0.016-0.498) (0.037-0.567) (0.005-0.567)

(PC1/m3)

S r-89 8 0.002 0.0088 (3/4) HA9 0.0083 (3/4) 0 (0.003-0.01r)e (0.003-0.015)

Sr-90 8 0.00008 0.00098 (3/4) NA 0.00101 (3/4) 0 (0.0006-0.0012) (0.0007-0.0012) y scan 8 Be-7 0.002 0.10 (4/4) NA 0.13 (4/4) 0 (0.066-0.158) (0.081-0.172)

Er-95 0.002 0.022 (3/4) ' NA 0.019 (4/4) 0 (0.008-0.038) (0.006-0.041)

Nb-95 0.0003 0.032 (4/4) NA 0.035 (4/4) 0 La e (0.007-0.073) (0.007-0.082)

Ru-103 0.017 0.047 (1/4) NA (LLD 0 Ru-106 0.004 0.018 (2/4) NA 0.016 (2/4) 0 (0.017-0.019) (0.010-0.021) cu-137 0.0003 0.0018 (4/4) NA 0.0022 (3/4) 0 (0.0004-0.0028) (0.0018-0.0026)

Ce-141 0.036 '<LLD NA (LLD 0 co-144 0.0016 0.032 (4/4) NA 0.031 (3/4) 0 (0.003-0.073) (0.019-0.037)

_ _ _ - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ - - u-.

Table 5. (continued)

Name of facility Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.

Indicator Location with Highest Control Sample Type and Locations Annual Mean Locations Husber of ,,

Type Number of Mean(P)U Mean (F) Hean(F) non-routine (Units) Analyses a gggb Range C Locationd Range Range Resultae Airbome I-131 542h 0.02 0.02 (4/295) T-4 0.8 8 0.05 (1/48) 0.02 (1/246) 0 lodine - - -

TLD Camma 156 2 15.8 (81/84) T-24 24.9 SE 21.9 (12/12) 18.4 (72/72) O thnthly (aren) (9.7-23.1) (19.3-24.2) (12.8-24.2) qua r te rs TLD Camma 52 2 15.1 (28/28) T-24 24.9 SE 21.6 (4/4) 17.9 (24/24) 0 Quarterly (10.1-22.6) (16.4-24.1) (12.3-24.1)

(areVquarter)

Milk I-131 58 1 0.5 2.55 (4/19) T-24 24.9 SE 11.3 (5/19) 7.6 (9/39) 0 (pci/1) (0.5-4.1) (1. 6-2 3. 9 ) (1.4-23.9)

S r-89 53k 1.4 2.57 (6/17) T-24 24.9 SE 3.4 (6/18) 3.01 (9/36) 0 (1.44-3.7) (1.6-9.3) (1.6-9.3) 1 Sr-90 49 1.2 1.76 (14/17) T-24 24.9 SE 2.34 (15/18) 2.13 (23/32) 0 (1.25-2.47) (1.51-4.0) (1.28-4.0) y scan 54 La N K-40 T-8 2.7 WSW 35 1291 (18/18) 1291 (18/18) 1266 (36/36) 0 (1166-1359) (1166-1359) (1014-1404)

Cs-137 3.8 5.1 (3/18) T-24 24.9 SE 5.5 (1/18) 5.01 (7/36) 0 (4.5-5.7) -

(3.9-6.5)

Ba-140 3.7 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 (g/1) Ca 54 0.01 1.23 (18/18) T-8 2.7 WSW l.23 (18/18) 1.22 (36/36) 0 (1.08-1.54) (1.08-1.54) (0.96-1.54) i

Tablo S. (continued)

Hame of facility Davis-Desse Nuclear Power Station.

+

Indicator Location with Highest Control .

Sample Type and- Locationg Annual Mean Locations Number of ..

Type Humber of Mean(F) Mean (r) Mcan(F) non-routine (Units) Analysos a LLDb Range c Locationd Range Range Resultse Milk (cont.)

(g/1) K 54 0.04 1.51 (10/18) T-8 2.7 WSW 1.51 (18/18) 1.49 (36/36) 0 (stable) (1.36-1.55) (1.36-1.55) (1.19-1.64)

(pci/g) Sr-90/Ca 49"

• 1.28 (17/17) T-24 24.9 SE 1.82 (17/17) 1.53 (31/32) 0 (0.27-2.04) (0.87-2.83) (0.82-2.83)

,(pci/g) Cs-137/K 54 -

3.03 (4/18) T-20 5.4 SSE 3.56 (5/18) 3.53 (6/36) 0 (2.4-3.6) (2.8-4.9) (2.8-4.9)

Well water GB 12 0.34 0.41 (1/8) T-17 0.7 SW 0.41 (1/8) (LLD 0 (pci/I) SS - -

CB 12 1 2.46 (8/8) T-27 5.3 Wmf 4.48 (4/4) 4.48 (4/4) 0 DS (1.17-4.38) (1.13-11.23) (1,13-11.23)

Ca 12 1 2.54 (8/8) T-2 7 5. 3 WrM 4.54 (4/4) 4.54 (4/4) 0 TK (1.52-4.38) . (1.29-11.23) (1.39-11.23) 11 - 3 12 180 270 (2/8) T-27 5. 3 WtM 410 (1/4) 410 (1/4) 0 (240-290) - -

w W Sr-89 12 0.69 (LLD (LLD 0 Sr-90 12 0.70 0.91 (2/8) T-7 0.9 HNW 0.91 (2/8) , (LLD 0 (0.88-0.93) (0.88-0.93) y scan 12 Ca-137 3. 7 <LLD - -

<LLD 0

Table 5. (continued)

Name of facility Davls-Besse Nuclear Power Station.

Indicator Location with flighest Control Sample Type and Incations Annual Mean Locations Number of

Typo Hund>or of Mean (F)

• Hoan (F) Moon (F) non-routine (Units) Analysen a LLt,b Rango C Incationd Range Range Resnitse Edible y scan 8 Muat (pC1/g wat) K-40 0.02 2.08 (6/6) T-33 0.3 NE 2.93 (2/2) 1.47 (2/2) 0 (1.37-3.91) (1.95-3.91) (1.26-1.69)

. Cs-137 0.007 (LLD - -

(LLD Q Fruits and Sr-89 13 0.02 0.115 (1/8) T-25 1.3 8 0.115 (1/8) 0.029 (1/5) -

0 vegetables -

(pci/g wet)

Sr-90 13 0.004 0.0183 (4/8) T-25 1.3 S 0.0226 (3/4) 0.0085 (3/5) 0 (0.0059-0.0403) (0.006-0.0403) (0.005-0.0125) y scan 13 ,

K-40 0.02 2.22 (8/8) T-34' 12 SW 3.18 (5/5) 3.18 (5/5) 0 (1.13-5.78) (0.882-5.46) (0.882-5.46)

Hb-95 0.01 0.137 (3/8) T-25 1.3 S 1.87 (2/4) 0.050 (2/5) 0 ca (0.036-0.193) (0.181-0.193) (0.37-0.63) 4.

Er-95 0.02 0.155 (2/8) T-25 1.3~S 0.155 (2/8) (LLD 0 (0.152-0.158) (0.152-0.158)

Ru-106 0.07 0.107 (1/8) T-25 1.3 S 0.107 (1/8) (LLD 0 Cs-137 0.01 0.014 (1/8) T-25 1.3 8 0.014 (1/8) (LLD 0 Ce-141 0.08 0.270 (1/8) T-25 1.3 S 0.270 (1/8) (LLD 0 Co-144 0.05 0.157 (2/8) T-25 1.3 S 0.157 (2/8) (LLD 0 (0.096-0.218) (0.096-0.218) i

_ _ _ _ _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - ___ _ 1_J

i Table 5. (continued)

Name of facility navia-neaaa unia na r pr- r -StaH nn_

Indicator Location with Highest Control '.

Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean Locations Number of Type Number of Mean(P) Hean(F) Mean(F) non-routine (Units) Analyses" LLDb Range c Location E Range Range Romultse Green Imafy I-131 6 0.01 (LLD -

_ (LLD 0 Vegetables (pci/g wet)

- Animal - y scan 4 Wild 11fe Feed (pC1/g wet Bo-7 0.8 1.5 (1/3) T-34 12 SW 4.0 (1/2) 4.0 (1/2) 0 Kw40 0.4 7.1 (2/2) T-34 12 SW 11.4 (1/2) 9.5 (2/2) 0 (3.99-10.3) * -

(7.6-11.4)

Nb-95 0.1 0.57 (2/2) T-31 0.6 NE 0.152 (1/1) 0.62 (2/2) 0 (0.99-0.152) -

(0.36-0.88)

Ca-137 0.02 0.0206 (1/2) T-34 12 SW 0.045 (1/2) 0.045 (1/2) 0 Ce-144 0.2 0.24 (1/2) T-34 12 SW 0.90 (1/2) 0.90 (1/2) 0 w Soil y scan 11 W (pci/g dry)

Be-7 2.4 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 K-40 0.1 18.5 (6/6) TuS 6.8 SW 24.6 (1/5) 19.2 (5/5) 0 (12.4-21.5) -

(12.3-24.6) 2r-95 0.3 0.41 (3/6) T-9 6.8 SW 1.22 (1/5) 1.04 (2/5) 0 (0.33-0.54) -

(0.85-1.22) i Nb-95 0.2 0.44 (3/6) 7-2 7 5. 3 WNW 0.82 (1/5) 0.61 (5/5) 0 (0.23-0.74) -

(0.39-0.82)

Ru-103 0.4 (LLD -- -

(LLD 0 Ik

- - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - *-- l

Table 5. (continued)

Namo of facility Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.

Indicator Location with Highest Control Sample Type and Locations Annual Moan Locations Number of Type Number of Mean(F)U H3an(F) Hoan(F) non-routine (Units) Analyses

• LLDb Ranyc 0 Locationd Range Range nesults' Soil (con t. ) y scan (cont.)

(pC1/g dry)

P.u-106 0.5 0.58 (2/6) T-27 5.3 WIM 1.00 (1/5) 1.00 (1/5) 0 (0.57-0.59) - -

Co-137 0.03 0.32 (4/6) T-2 3 14. 3 ENE 1.76 (1/5) 0.94 (5/5) 0 (0.09-0.49) -

(0.46-1.76)

Ce-141 0.9 (LLD _ _ (LLD 0 Ce-144 0.5 0.82 (1/6) T-7 0.9 NNW 0.82 (1/6) (LLD 0 Treated CB 36 0.3 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 Surface Water SS (pC1/1)

GB 36 0.3 2.73 (12/12) T-11 9.5 SE 3.18 (12/12) 2.84 (24/24) 0 DS (2.04-3.36) (2.17-4.10) (1.38-4.10)

GB 36 0.3 2.73 (12/12) T-11 9.5 SE 3.18 (12/12) 2.84 (24/24) 0 TR (2.04-3.36) (2.17-4.10) (1.38-4.10) w

• 11 - 3 12 180 240 (3/4) T-11 9.5 SE 265 (2/4) 250 (5/8) 0 (220-270) (260-270) (210-270)

Sr-89 12 0.8 0.96 (1/4) T-12 23.5 WiM 1.35 (2/4) 1.35 (2/8) 0 (1.04-1.66) (1,04-1,66)

Sr-90 12 0.57 0.59 (1/4) T-11 9.5 SE 1.02 (2/4) 0.93 (3/8) 0 (0.98-1.06) (0.75-1.06)

I i

T blo 5. (continued)

Name of facility Davis-Besso Nuclear Power Station.

Indicator Location with liigliest Sample Type and Locations Control Type Number of Annual Mean Locations Number of (Units) Analyses

• Mean(P)c Hean(F)

LLD b Range 0 Locationd Hean(F) non-routing Rango Range Resultse Treated y scan 12 Surface Water

, (con t. ) Ca-137 3.7 (LLD -

(LLD 0 thitrea ted GB 42 Surface Water 0.6 1.17 (2/21) T-3 1.4 SE 1.17 (2/21)

SS (0.89-1.45) 0.65 (3/21) 0 (0.89-1.45) (0.60-0.68)

G8 45 0.3 DS 3.83 (21/21) T"3 1.4 SE 4.37 (9/9)

(2.50-5.61) 3.69 (24/24) 0 (3.53-4.93) (2.12-5.15)

GB 45 0.3 TR 4.08 (21/21) T-3 1.4 SE 4.78 (9/9)

(2.19-5.78) 3.85 (24/24) 0 (3.53-5.78) (2.12-5.33)

H-3 16 180 250 (4/8) T-12 23.$ WNW 270 (3/4) 250 (5/8)

(220-280) (240-290) 0 (210-290)

Sr-89 16 0.7 1.91 (2/8) T-3 -1. 4 SE 2.49 (1/4)

(1.33-2.49) -

1.44 (1/8) 0 g S r-90 16 0.5 O.83 (5/8) T-28 In plant 0.91 (3/4) q (0.53-1.03) 0.80-(7/8) 0 (0.81-1.03) (0.63-1.05)

Ca-137 16 3.9 (LLD -

a (LLD 0 I

C /g wet) 3 3 (4/4) 0 751 769) 2.32 (4/4) 0 (1.21-2.79) (1.21-2.79) 4 t

e t

Tablo 5. (continued)

Hame of facility Davis-Desse Nuclear Power Station.

Indicator Location with Highest Control Sample Type and Locations Annual Mean Locations Number of ,

Type Humber of Mean(F)O Hean(F) Mean(F) non-routine '

(Units) Analysem a LLD D Range 0 Location d Range Range Resultse Fish (cont. ) y scan 8 K-40 0.02 1.19 (4/4) T-35 15 NE 1.38 (4/4) 1.38 (4/4) 0 (0.834-1.87) (0.23-2.25) (0.23-2.25)

Cs-137" 4 0.002 0.0060 (1/2) T-35 15 NE 0.0073 (1/2) 0.0073 (1/2) 0 4 0.02 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 Botton GB 50 1.4 26.3 (3/4) T-29 1.5 NE 31.0 (2/2) 15.2 (2/2) 0 sediments (17.1-31.0) (30.9-31.0) (15.1-15.2)

Sr-89 50 0.3 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 Br-90 50 0.03 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 y scan 50 K-40 0.1 20.3 (3/3) T-29 1.5 NE 22.2 (2/2) 18.2 (2/2) 0 (16.5-26.8) (17.5-26.8) (16.2-20.2)

La

• Cs-137 0.03 (LLD - -

(LLD 0 j

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Table 5. (continued)

Name of facility Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.

[ GB = gross beta, SS = suspended solids, DS = dissolved solids, TR = total residue.

C LLD = nominal lower limit of detection based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample.

Mean based upon detectable seasurements only. Fraction of detectable acasurements at specified locations is indicated in parentheses ( Fi .

d O Locations are specified by station codo (Table 1) and distance (miles) and direction relative to reactor site.

Hon-routine resulta are those yhich exceed ten timos the control station value.

f Two collection periods with low reaults (0.001 pC1/m3 and 0.090) have been excluded in the determination of the swans and ranges of gross bota in ai 9 Quarterly composites of all sai r particulates. Theoc results were unrollable due to apparent pump malfunction.

plos from indicator locations and control locations were gamma scanned separately.

1 h Th us , the location with the hl hest annual mean cannot be identified.

Ten results (seven of <0.03 pc /m3; two of <0.04, and one of <0.29) have bqen excluded in the determination of the 1 scanslodino-131 Two and ranges of airborna results lodino-131. These results have been excluded duu to apparent puse malfunction.

(<0.8, <1.3 pC1/1) have been excluded. These high values are due to low chemical recoveries.

k Onestrontium-90 I Flvo strontium-89 results result (<5.0 pel/1) has been excluded. This high value is due to a low chemical recovery.

(<4.0, <3.7, < 1. 9 , . < l . 4 , <2.4 pC1/1) have been excluded. % ese high values are due to low chemical recoveries. ' '

n Five strontium-90/Ca ratios (<3.28, <3.46, <1.64, <0.91, <2.20 pCi/g) have been excluded. %cee ratios are not reliable due to low chemical recoverles in the strontium-90 analyses of theso sapples.

n The Cs-137 results have been divided into two groups. The first consists of sanples from the first semi-annual collection period, wtille the second group consists of sanples from the second semi-annual period. This division O was mado becauso weights of samples from the second group were approximately one-third those of the first group.

The bottom sediment sanple collected on 27 October 1977 consisted almost entirely of rocks and the results obtained a rat not rollable. Depeated samplings yielded only rocks.

ta LO O

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NALCO CNVIRONfVCNTAL CCICNC2O i VI. References Cited Arnold, J. R. and H.A. Sl-Salih, 1955. Beryllium-7 Produced by Cosmic Rays. Science 121: 451-453.

Gold, S., H. W. Barkhau, B. Shlein, and B. Kahn, 1964. Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Air, in the Natural Radiation Environment, University of Chicago Press , Chicago, Illinois, 369-382.

Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc., 19 75 a. Preoperational Environ-mental Radiological Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Semi-annual Report, January-June, 1975. IBT Project No. 64305590. Northbrook, Illinois NALCO Environmental Sciences. 1975b. Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant,

, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Semi-annual Report, July - December, 1975.

NALCO Project No. 5501-05590. Northbrook, Illinois. ~

, 1976a. Preoperational Environmental Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, Oak Harbor, Ohio. Semi-annual Report, January - June, 1976. NALCO Project No. 5501-05590. Northbrook, Illinois.

, 1976b. Preoperational Environmental Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Semi-annual Report, July - December, 1976. NALCO Project No. 5501-07786.

Northbrook, Illinois 3 National Center for Radiological Health. 1968. Section'l. Milk I and Food. Radiological Health Data and Reports. Vol. 9, Nov- )

ember 12, 730-746.

U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977a. Environmental Radiation Data, Report 9 (July 19 77) and Report 10 (October 1977), Eastern Environmental Radiation Facility, Montgomery Alabama.

, 1977b. EPA Assessment of Fallout in the United States from Atmospheric Nuclear Testing on September 26 and November 17, 1976 by the People's Republic of China, Office of Radiation, Programs, Washington, D. C. , August 19 77.

, 1977c. Environmental News, 9-18-77 to 11-3-77, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, D. C.

Wilson, D. W., G. M. Ward, and J. E. Johnson, 1969. In Environmental Contamination by Radioactive Materials , International Atomic

, Energy Agency, p. 125.

40 i i

l NALCQ ENVIRONMZNTAL CCIENCCO APPENDIX A Maximum Permissible Concentrations

, of Radioactivity in Air and Water e

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A-1

r NALCO ENVIRONMENTAL CCICNCOO Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radioactivity in Air and Watera Air Water Gross alpha 3 pCi/m3 Strontium-89 3,000 pCi/l Gross beta 100 pCi/m3 Strontium-90 300 pCi/l Iodine-131b 0.l'4 pCi/m3 Cesium-137 20,000 pCi/1 Barium-140 20,000 pCi/l Iodine-131 300 pCi/l Potassium-40c 3,000 pCi/1 Gross alpha 30 pCi/1 Gross beta 100 pCi/l Gross betad 1,000 pCi/l Tritium 3x106 pCi/l Taken from Code of Federal Regulations Title 10, Part 20, Table II and appropriate footnotes.

b From 10 CFR 20 but adjusted by a factor of 700 to. reduce the dose resulting from the air-grass-cow-milk-child pathway.

c A natural radionuclide, 30 FR 15801, in footnotes 10 CFR Part 20, Table II.

d Federal drinking water 1962, U. S. Public Health Service.

I l

l A-2

4 SPECIAL SURVEILLANCE AND STUDY ACTIVITIES o

XVIII S CTION 4.1 OPERATIONAL OISE SURVEILLANCE

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4.1 OPERATIONAL NOISE SURVEILLANCE Unit No. I did not operate at full load in 1977; therefore, no noise levels were measured.

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XIX SECTION 4.2 FISH IMPINGEMENT STUDY e

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4.2 FISH IMPINGEMENT STUDY

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Phase I sampling was begun in 1977. A report will be submitted within 90 days of completion of the sampling.

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l XX SECTION I4. 3 CHLORINE TOXICITY STUDY

I-o 4.3 CHLORINE T0XICITY STUDY This study, which was conducted by the Dr. Brooks of the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, has been completed.

Dr. Brooks has received comments on the final draft of the report and expects to have the report out in early April.

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