ML20141H549

Issue 5 to NDE Procedure QCIM-30, Radiographic Exam Procedure

ML20141H549
Person / Time
Site:	Fort Saint Vrain
Issue date:	01/08/1986
From:	PUBLIC SERVICE CO. OF COLORADO
To:
Shared Package
ML20141H537	List: ML20141H534 ML20141H544 ML20141H549
References
QCIM-30-I05, QCIM-30-I5, TAC-59787, NUDOCS 8601140228
Download: ML20141H549 (17)

Text

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QClM-30 Zssue 5 Pubile FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 1 of 13 Service PUBUC SERVICE COMPANY OF COLORADO TITLE:

RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE ISSUANCE AUTHORIZED BY Y

EFFECTIVE PORC REVIEW EORC 8 8 6 00b2 0 bhh OATE Q. l. - 9 5 1.0 PURPOSE This procedure describes 1.i._ re;:S ements of and tae method used l

for radiographic examination at Fort St. Vrain Station.

2.0 APPLICABILITY This procedure conforms to the i nest editions and addenda of the applicable codes and applies to Radiographic Inspections

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l performed, as required, at Fort St. Vrain Station.

3.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 All personnel performing and/or evaluating radiographic examinations shall be qualified in accordance with l

procedure QCIM-4 and the "Public Service Company of Colorado Incorporated Manual of Operating and Emergency Procedures for Radiography".

3.2

Drawings, contracts or Process / Inspection Record Checklists shall specify the extent of radiographic examination, as required for each item. Radiographic locations shall be marked on the drawings as. applicable.

3.3 Part Configuration: Consideration shall be given to the design parts, components and welds to permit interpretable radiographic examination.

3.3.1 Backing Rings or Strips: A backing ring or strip, if it is to be left in place, should be of such size and configuration that its image will not interfere with the interpretation of the radiograph.

3.4 Surface Finish of Materials: Surfaces shall satisfy the requirements of the applicable materials specifications, with additional surface conditioning if necessary, by any suitable process to a degree that surface irregularities cannot mask or be confused with discontinuities.

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Issue 5 Q@j SCrvlC3" Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 2 of 13 PU UC CERVICE COMPANY CF CILC2 ADO 3.5 Surface Finish of the Welds: The weld ripples or weld surface irregularities on both the inside (where accessible) and outside, shall be removed by any suitable mechanical process to such a degree that the resulting radiographic contrast due to any irregularities cannot mask or be confused with the image of any objectionable defect.

The weld surface shall merge smoothly into the base material.

The finished surface at the reinforcement of all butt-welded joints may be flush with the adjacent base material, or may have a reasonably uniform crown, not to exceed the limits noted in the referencing Code section or Specification.

3.6 Radiographic Sources 3.6.1 Radiation sources may be either X-ray equipment or radioactive isotopes.

Recommended X-ray machine voltage setting and radio-isotope sources to be used for radiograpny are in accordance with l-Attachments QCIM-30 A, B, or C.

3.6.2 Except as provided in 3.6.3, the recommended minimum thickness for which radioactive isotopes may be used is as follows:

MATERIAL IRIDIUM 192 COBALT 60 Steel 0.75 in.

1.50 Copper or High Nickel 0.65 in.

1.30 in.

Aluminum 2.50 in.

3.6.3 When it is not practical to perform radiography within the limitations of 3.6.1 or 3.6.2 or when other radioactive isotopes other than Iridium 192 or Cobalt 60 are used, the procedure shall be proven satisfactory by actual demonstration of penstrameter resolutions on the minimum thickness of the material radiographed.

3.7 Radiographic Films, Screens & Radiographs 3.7.1 Radiographs shall be made using film Type I or Type II, Table 2, of ASTM SE 94.

3.7.2 Intensifying screens when used, shall be Lead or Lead Alloys.

3.7.3 All film shall be processed & viewed in accordance with recommended practice ASTM SE-94, Part III.

PonMic3272 22 3088

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 3 of,13 PUBUC CERVICE COMPANY OF COLORADO 3.7.4 All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical, or other blemishes to the extent that they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the object being radiographed.

Such blemishes include, but are not limited to:

a)

Fogging b)

Processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains.

c)

Scratches, finger marks, crimps, dirtiness, static marks, smudges, or tears.

d)

Loss of detail due to poor screer.-to-film contact.

e)

False indications due to defective screens or internal faults.

3.7.5 Scattered radiation may be reduced by suitable filtration.

As a

check on back-scattered radiation, a

lead symbol "B"

with minimum dimensions of 1/2" in height and 1/16" in thickness, shall be attached to the back of the film holder.

If a light image of the "B"

appears on the radiograph, protection from the back-scatter is insufficient and the radiograph is considered unacceptable.

3.7.6 The transmitted film density through the radiographic image of the body of the appropriate penetrameter and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs made with a gamma ray source.

For composite viewing of multiple film exposures, each film of the composite set shall have a minimum density of 1.3.

The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single or composite viewing.

A tolerance of 0.05 in density is allowed for variations between densitometer readings.

3.7.7 Either a densitometer or step wedge comparison film shall be used for judging film density requirements.

The density of step wedge comparison shall be verified with a calibrated step wedge film l

traceable to a National Standard.

Calibration l

shall be per QCIM-1.

FORMtClf72 22 30e3

Issue 5 Q Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 4 of 13 dyScrylco~

pu:uc senvics cameAmy or cottnaoo 3.7.8 A system of radiograph identification shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph traceable to the job number, component, weld or weld seam, or part numbers, as appropriate.

This identification system does not necessarily require that the information appear as radiographic images.

In any case, this information shall not obscure the area of interest.

3.7.9 Location

markers, which are to appear as radiographic images on the film, shall be placed on the part not on the cassette and their locations shall be marked on the surface of the part being _radiographed or on a map in a manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph to be accurately located on the part, and providing evidence on the radiograph that the required coverage of the region being examined has been obtained.

4.0 SHARPNESS OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE 4.1 The following table is to be used as a guide but not for the rejection of radiographs unless the geometrical unsharpness exceeds 0.070 in..

Material Ug Thickness.in.

Maximum,in.

Under 2 0.020 2 through 2 0.030 Over 3 through 4 0.040 Greater than 4 0.070 NOTE:

Material thickness is the thickness on which the penetrameter is based.

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 5 of 13

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• PUBUC SERVICE COMPANY OF COLORADO 4.2 Geometric unsharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with:

Ug

= Fd/0 where:

Ug geometrical unsharpness

=

F

=

Sourcc Size. A manufacturer's written statement documenting the actual or maximum Source Size or focal spot shall be acceptable as Source Size verification.

d

=

Distance, in.,

from Source Side of Weld or object being radiographed to the film.

D distance, in., from Source of radiation to weld

=

or object being radiographed.

5.0 IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS 5.1 Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the penetrameter image and the specified hole, which are essential indications of the quality image of the radiograph.

The radiographs shall also display the identifying numbers & letters.

5.2 The penetrameters shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or alternates allowed in ASTM SE-142 and Appendices of Section V of the ASME Code.

ASME standard penetrameters shall consist of those l

specified in Attach. QCIM-300, Table 2.

l 5.3 Penetrameters of thicknesses specified in Attach. QCIM-300 Table 1 shall be used.

For.a.1y material thickness range, a thinner penetrameter than listed for that range may be used, provided all other requirements for radiography are met.

For welds, the thick.1ess on which the penetrameter is based is the single wall thickness plus maximum reinforcement permitted. Backing rings or strips are not to be considered as part of the welf or reinforcement thickness in penetrameter selection.

PORMtC1372 22 3083

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 6 of 13 SCfVICO" PU UC SERVICE COMPANY CF COLORADO 5.4 Penetrameters shall be placed adjacent to the weld seam except in instances where the weld metal is not radiographically similar to the base material or where the geometric configuration makes it impractical, in which case the penetrameter shall be placed over the weld metal.

Where inaccessibility prevents the penetrameter being placed on the source side, a film side penetrameter shall be placed on the film side of the joint, and a lead letter "F"

at least as high as the identification numbers shall be placed adjacent to the penetrameter.

When configuration or size prevents placing the penetrameter on the object being radiographed, it may be placed on a separate block of radiographically similar material of a thickness equivalent to that of the part or welding being radiographically examined.

5.5 Except as provided in 5.5.1 and 5.5.2, one penetrameter shall be used for each radiograph.

Each penetrameter shall represent an area of essentially uniform radiographic density as judged by a densitometer.

If the density of the radiograph through the area of inter 6st varies by more than minus 15 or plus 30 percent from the density through the area adjacent to the penetrameter, then an additional penetrameter is required for the exceptional area or areas, except as provided in 5.5.3.b.

5.5.1 If one penetrameter appears in the lightest area of f

a radiograph and another in the darkest, the area around each penetrameter and the intervening densities on the radiograph are acceptable, provided the minimum density requirements of 3.7.6 are met.

These additional penetrameters need not be normal to the radiation source at these locations.

When calculating the allowable variation in density, the calculation may be rounded to the nearest 0.1 within the range specified in 3.7.6.

5.5.2 Where more than one film is used for an exposure, a penetrameter image shall appear on each radiograph, except when the source is placed on the axis of the object and a complete circumference radiographed with a single exposure is taken, in which case at least three equally spaced penetrameters are to be used.

Where portions of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are being examined simultaneously with the circumferential weld, additional penetrameters shall be placed on the longitudinal welds at the end of the sections of those welds being radiographed. When an array of objects is radiographed, at least one penetrameter shall show on each object imaged.

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,..su Issue 5 0 SCIVlCO Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 7 of 13 PUBLIC CERVICE COMPANY OF COLCCADO 5.5.3 If the penetrameter image does not show on one radiograph in double film technique but does show in composite viewing, interpretation is permitted only by composite film viewing.

a)

If the weld reinforcement and/or backing strip are not

removed, a

shim of material radiographically similar to the weld metal shall be placed under the penetrameter.

The shim thickness shall be selected so the total thickness being radiographed under the penetrameter is essentially the same as the total weld thickness plus backing strip, if used and not removed, and other thickness variations such as in nozzle geometries.

b)

When thicker shims than required are used, the plus 30% density restriction may be exceeded, provided the required penetrameter sensitivity is displayed and density limitations are not exceeded.

6.0 RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE 6.1 Single Wall Technique l

6.1.1 Radiography shall be done using a single wall radiographic technique whenever practicable.

Penetrameter Size and placement shall be per Section 5.0.

6.1.2 For complete radiographic coverage of cylindrical girth welds, a minimum of four exposures 90* apart is required when the Source is placed o,utside and the film inside the object.

l 6.1.3 Attachment QCIM-30E contains suggested single wall radiographic techniques.

Other exposure arrangements may be made provided they comply with the requirements of this procedure.

FOAM @372 22 3043

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Issue 5

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION page 8 of 13 PUZUC CERVICE COMPANY CF COLTCADO 6.2 Double - Wall Techniques 6.2.1 Double-Wall Viewing.

Unless otherwise specified, for materials and for welds in pipe tubes, 3 1/2 in.

(89 mm) or less in nominal outside diameter a technique may be used in which the radiation passes through two walls and the weld (material) in aoth walls is viewed for acceptance on the same film.

For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of the weld at an angle sufficier.t to separate the images of the source side and film side portions of the weld so there is no overlap of the areas to be interpreted, in which case a minimum of two exposures taken at 90* to each other shall be made for each joint. As an alternate, the weld may be radiographed with the radiation beam positioned so the images of both walls are superimposed, in which case at least three exposures shall be made at 60* to each other.

For double-wall viewing a source side penetrameter shall be. used and placement shall be as indicated in Section 5.4.

6.2.2 Single-Wall Viewing a)

For materials and for welds in pipe and tubes with nominal outside diameter greater than 3 1/2" (89 mm), radiographic examination shall be performed for single-wall viewing only. Ar, adequate number of exposures shall be taken to ensure complete coverage.

b)

For welds in pipe or tubes with a nominal outside diameter 3 1/2" (89 mm) or less,

' single-wall viewing may be used provided the source is offset from the plane of the weld centerline as outlined in 6.2.1.

As a minimum, three exposures 120* apart shall be required.

A film side penetrameter shall be used and placement shall be as indicated in Section 5.4.

l 6.3 Technioues for Section IX Qualifications l

6.3.1 Single wall technique with source side l

penetrameters shall be

used, except for l

circumferential butt welds joining pipe and tubes l

of nominal outside diameter of 3 1/2" or less, l

which shall be examined with the double-wall l

technique with single wall viewing using a film l

side penetrameter.

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 9 of 13 PU UC CERVICE COMPANY CF CILTRADO 7.0 TECHNIQUE REQUIREMENTS

'7.1 Radiographic examination shall be performed in accordance with a written and qualified technique.

A copy of the technique shall be available to the inspector for ready reference during film evaluation.

Each technique shall include at least the following information:

7.1.1 Number of films 7.1.2 Location of each film on the radiographed item 7.1.3 Orientation of location markers 7.1.4 Location of radiation

source, including source-to-film distance and angle of beam 7.1.5 The kilovoltage (milliamperes or rads) and focal spot size (for x-ray machines) 7.1.6 The isotope type, intensity (in curies), and physical dimensions 7.1.7 Film brand and type 7.1.8 Type and thickness of screens 7.1.9 Masking, if used 7.1.10 Single or double-viewing 8.0 ACCEPTANCE STANDARD l

8.1 Production or fabrications welds that are shown by radiography to have any of the following types of discontinuities are unacceptable.

8.1.1 Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.

8.1.2 Any other elongated indication which has a length greater than:

a) 1/4" for T up to 3/4" inclusive, b) 1/3 T for T from 3/4" to 2 1/4" inclusive.

c) 3/4" for T over 2 1/4".

where T is the thickness of the thinner portion of the weld, i

FoRMICl372 22 3N3

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Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 10 of 13 PUTLIC SERVICE COMPANY CF CILCRADO l

8.1.3 Any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than T in length of 12 T except where the distance between the successive indications exceeds 6L where L

is longest indication in the group.

l 8.1.4 The maximum rounded indication dimension shall be l

20% of T or 1/8", whichever is smaller, except that l

an isolated pore separated from an adjacent rounded l

indication by 1" or more may be 30% of T or 1/4",

j whichever is less.

l 8.1.5 The total area of rounded indications as determined l

from the film shall not exceed 0.060 T square inch l

in any 6" length of weld.

If the weld is less than l

6" long, the total permissable area of rounded l

indications shall be reduced in proportion.

l 8.1.6 In any 1"

length of weld or 2 T, whichever is l

smaller, rounded indications may be clustered in l

total area to a concentration 4 times that l

permitted by 0.060 T (0.060 X T X 4).

Such l

clustered rounded indications shall be included in l

the total area of permissible indications in any 6" l

length of weld which includes the cluster.

l 8.1.7 Aligned rounded indications shall be acceptable l

providing the summation of the diameters of the l

rounded indications is no more than T in a length l

12 T or 6",

whichever is less, providing each l

rounded indication is separated by a distance of at l

least six times the diameter cf the largest l

adjacent rounded indication.

Aligned rounded l

indications shall be included in the total area of l

permissible indications in any 6" length of weld.

l 8.2 Qualification or performance test welds that are shown by l

radiography to have any of the following types of l

discontinuities are unacceptable.

l 8.2.1 Any type of crack or zone of incomplete fusion or l

penetration.

l 8.2.2 Any elongated slag inclusion which has a length l

greater than:

l a) 1/8" for t up to 3/8 inch, inclusive l

b) 1/3 t for t over 3/8 to 2 1/4 inch, inclusive l

c) 3/4 inch for t over 2 1/4 inch ronmcim 22.no

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Issue 5 Public FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Page 11 of 13

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8.2.3 Any group of slag inc h sions in line that have an l

aggregate length greater than t in a length of l

12 T, except when the distance between the l

successive inperfections exceeds 6L where L is the l

length of the longest inperfection in the group.

l 8.2.4 The maximum permissible dimension for the rounded l

indications shall be 20% of t of 1/8", whichever is l

smaller.

l 8.2.5 For welds in material less than 1/8 inch in l

thickness, the maximum number of acceptable rounded l

indications shall not exceed 12 in a 6" length of l

weld. A proportionately fewer number of rounded l

indications shall be permitted in welds less than l

6" in lenth.

l 8.2.6 For welds in material 1/" or greater in thickness, l

the charts in Appendi. 'I of ASME Section IX l

represent the maximum acceptable types of rounded l

indications illustrated in typically clustered, l

assorted, and randomly di persed configurations.

l Rounded indications less ha 1/32" in maximum l

diameter shall not be nsidered in the l

radiographic acceptance tests of welders and l

welding operators, in these ranges of material l

thicknesses.

(s FORMICI372 22 3M3

Pageikof13 FORT ST. VRAIN NUCLEAR GENERATING STATION Public

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-6 9.0 RADIOGRAPHIC rep 0RT FORM The results of the radiograph test shall be noted on the Radiographic Examination Report Sheet (Attachment QCIM-20) l

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10.0 RECORD 5 and Radiographs generated as a result of this procedure the requirements Records shall be transmitted to the Record Center per in Procedures Q-17 and QCIM-2.

11.0 REFERENCE l

11.1 ANSI B31.1, " Power Piping" ANSI B31.7, " Nuclear Power Piping" l

11.2 ASME Section I, " Power Boilers" l

11.3 ASME Section III, " Nuclear Power Plant Components" l

11.4 ASME Section V, " Nondestructive Examination" l

11.5 ASME Section VIII, " Pressure Vessels" l

11.6 ASME Section IX, " Welding and Brazing Qualifications" l

11.7 QCIM-2, " Preparation and Control of NDE Test Reports" l

11.8

" Nondestructive Examination Personnel QCIM-4, l

11.9 Qualification and Certification" l

11.10 RPM-1, "PSC Ir.corporated Manual of Operating and Emergency l

Procedures for Radiography" l

12.0 ATTACHMENTS QCIM-20A, Maximum Voltage for Steel 12.1 QCIM-20B, Maximum Voltage for Alloys of Copper and/or High 12.2 Nickel QCIM-20C, Maximum Voltage for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 12.3 12.4 QCIM-200, Penetrameters QCIM-20E, Single Wall Radiographic Techniques 12.5 QCIM-20F, Double Wall Radiographic Techniques 12.6 FoRMtC1372 22 3M3

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.7" Pu uC SERVICE COMPANY OF COLORADO MATERIAL THICKNESS, PENETRAMETER DESIGNATIONS, AND ESSENTIAL HOLES FOR ALL RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES Penetrameter Nominal Source Side Film Side Single-Wall Material Thickness Essential Essential Range, in.

Designation Hole Designation Hole Up to 0.25 incl.

10 4T 7

4T Over 0.25 thru 0.375 12 4T 10 4T Over 0.375 thru 0.50 15 4T 12 4T Over 0.50 th-u 0.625 15 4T 12 4T Over 0.625 th.> 0 75 17 4T 15 4T Over 0.75 thru 0.875 20 4T 17 4T Over 0.875 thru 1.00 20 4T 17 4T Over 1.00 thru 1.25 25 4T 20 4T Over 1.25 thru 1.50 30 2T 25 2T Over 1.50 thru 2.00 35 2T 30 2T Over 2.00 thru 2.50 40 2T 35 2T Over 2.50 thru 3.00 45 2T 40 2T Over 3.00 thru 4.00 50 2T 45 2T Over 4.00 thru 6.00 60 2T 50 2T Over 6.00 thru 8.00 80 2T 60 2T Over 8.00 thru 10.00 100 2T 80 2T Over 10.00 thru 12.00 120 2T 100 2T Over 12.00 thru 16.00 160 2T 120 2T Over 16.00 thru 20.00 200 2T 160 2T PENETRt. METER DESIGNATION, THICKNESS.

AND HOLE DIAMETERS Penetrameter Penetra neter IT Hole 2T Hole 4r Hole Desigr.ation Thi:kness Diameter Diameter D;ameter 5

0.005 0.010 0.020 0.040 7

0.007 0.010 0.020 0.040 10 0 010 0.010 0.020 0.040 12 0.J12 C 012 0.025 0.050 15 0.015 0.015 0.030 0.060 17 0.017 0.017 0.035 0.070 20 0.020 0.020 0.040 0.080 25 0.025 0.025 0.050 0.100 30 0.030 0.030 C.060 0.120 35 0.C35 0.035 0.070 0.140 40 C.04 0 C.040 0.080 C.16C 45 0.04 5 0.045 C.090 C.180 50 0.050 0.CSC 0.100 c.200 60 0.060 0.060 0.120 C.240 80 0.080 0.C 80 0.160 0.320 100 0.100 0.100 0.200 0.400 120 0.120 C.* 20 0.240 C 420 160 C. loc C.160 C.32C C.e4 0 200 C.200 0.200 0 400 PORMICl372 22 3ee3

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