ML20040E289
| ML20040E289 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Byron  |
| Issue date: | 01/29/1982 |
| From: | DAMES & MOORE |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20040E288 | List: |
| References | |
| 5643-120-07, 5643-120-7, NUDOCS 8202040139 | |
| Download: ML20040E289 (50) | |
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I I REPORT GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF SOLUTION FEATURES I BYRON STATION-UNITS 1 AND 2 COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY PREPARED FOR SARGENT & LUNDY ENGINEERS I
I i Dames & Moore i =EiBR=
I I~ O D&M Job No. 5643-120-07 January 29, 1982 A
D DO O b4 PDR
I Drmas & Mscre l?l3g"iis'jt*;; _
jiP*p* (312) 297-6120 I T TWX: 910-253-4097 Cable address: DAMEMORE I
January 27, 1982 I
Sargent & Lundy Engineers 55 East Monroe Street Chicago, Illinois 60603 Attention: Mr. R. J. Netzel DM0-13 Gentlemen:
This letter transmits 25 copies of our " Report, Geologic Investi-gation of Solution Features, Byron Station - Units 1 and 2, Commonwealth Edison Company."
If you have any questions or require any additional information, please feel free to contact us.
Respectf"Ily submitted, DAMES & MOORE I n%M Michael L. Kiefe Partner MLK:lhk encl.
25 copies submitted I
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lI lI l TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Iu1RODUC110N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 SCOPE OF WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1ERmm m ............................... s DESCRIPTION OF SITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 I RESULTS OF FIELD INVESTIGATION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 FORMATION OF SOLUTION FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 AGE OF SOLUTION BASIN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 STABILITY OF BURIED BEDROCK UEPRESSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 s
CoNCLUS10NS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1e I64 3
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1 APPENDIX A - LOGS OF BORINGS 2
0 APPENDIX B - LETTERS FROM DRS. FOLLMER AND K0 LATA, IO-7 ILLIN0IS INSTITUTE OF NATURAL RESOURCES, STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION APPENDIX C - RATE OF SOLUTION ACTIVITY C BYRON STATION - UNITS 1 AND 2 E COMMUNWEALTH EDISON COMPANY C PREPARED BY SARGENT & LUNDY ENGINEERS Io P
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I I LIST OF FIGURES I FIGURE NUMBER TITLE 1 REGIONAL LOCATION MAP 2 PLOT PLAN, LOCATION OF INVESTIGATIONS 3 PLOT PLAN, SOLUTION BASIN INVESTIGATION 4 CROSS SECTION OF SOLUTION BASIN 5 GAMMA LOGS OF SOLUTION BASIN BORINGS 6 GEOLOGIC MAP OF SOUTHWEST WALL OF TRENCH 7 PROJECTION OF JOINTS ACROSS SOLUTION BASIN 8 CROSS SECTION OF JOINT PROJECTIONS ACROSS SOLUTION FEATURE 9 BORINGS DRILLED AT AREA 0F CONCERN 11 5 10 CROSS SECTION OF AREA 0F CONCERN 11 11 GAMMA LOGS OF AREA 0F CONCERN 11 BORINGS 3
2 A-1 KEY TO LOGS OF BORINGS 0
I0-7 A-2 A-3 LOGS OF BORINGS SF-1 THROUGH SF-7 GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES C
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INTRODUCTION I This report presents the results of a geologic investigation performed at Commonwealth Edison Company's (Commonwealth Edison) Byron Nuclear Station - Units 1 and 2 in Ogle County, Illinois (Figure 1). The purpose of the investigation was to study solution features in the dolomite bedrock along i the pipeline corridor. This study was initiated following Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff review of the Byron Station - Units 1 and 2 Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR). This review raised concern on the part of the NRC staff about the method of formation and age of depressions formed on the '
bedrock surface.
A meeting attended by personnel from the NRC, Commonwealth Edison, l
Sargent & Lundy Engineers, and Dames & Moore was held on December 3,1981 to 5
6 discuss solution activity in the dolomite and the occurrence of voids in the 3 bedrock at depth at the site. Previous investigations at the site, dating 1 back to 1972, identified solution-widened joints in the bedrock c.L depth and ,
2 O the occurrence of circular ground surface depressions, termed " sinkholes" in I07 the FSAR. These depressions were attributed to pre-Pleistocene solutioning along joints on the bedrock surface with associated draping of tne residual ICE soil over the bedrock low. Data from these investigations, presented in the C
O FSAR, were not considered as prima facie evidence by the NRC to discount the P possibility of caverns not detected by the field work, and future collapse and IM2 subsidence of the bedrock during the life of the plant. Further, the existing <
d&ta were not considered confinnatory for the selection of a 50-foot design basis sinkhole.
As a result of this meeting, a program was agreed upon to collect geologic evidence to conclusively answer the following questions: -
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- 1. How did the bedrock depressions form? Was the formation by cavern collapse and subsidence of the overlying bedrock, or was the formation the result of solutioning along joints with associated widening to fonn a shallow, closed depression on the bedrock surface?
- 2. How old are these features?
- 3. Could subsidence occur along the pipeline corridor during I the station life where bedrock lows are known to exist at the bedrock surface?
- 4. What is the rate of solution activity?
The detailed geologic investigation presented herein substantiates the mechanism and age of formation and demonstrates that such features could not form over the life of the plant.
I The rate of solution activity was addressed by Sargent & Lundy Engineers, and the results are presented in Appendix C.
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SCOPE OF WORK
[ The study focused on two solution features adjacent to the pipeline 2
0 corridor at the site (Figure 2). The first feature is a closed depression on IO7 the ground surface, about 800 feet east of Razorville Road and 4000 feet northwest of Units 1 and 2. The depression is about 40 by 80 feet in plan ICE dimensions from rim to rim, about 5 feet in depth, and is oriented with C
0 its long axis in a northeast-southwest direction. It is located in a small p unfanned area which has reverted to old field vegetation. Woody plants are IM2 abundant in the depression, consisting of box elder, shagbark hickory, and shrub species. The ground surface depression has been influenced by man's activity and is smaller in size than the underlying bedrock depression.
Man-made fill encountered in the depression consists of several feet of disturbed soil with junk such as old cans, fence posts, barbed wire, car I [2]
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I springs, etc. Local residents recall occasional dumping in the depression during tne 20 years prior to plant development, with periodic burning of the material to consolidate the waste.
The second feature of study is a buried depression on the bedrock surface within the plant complex fenced area at Station 49+20N, 32+70E along the pipeline. This feature corresponds to the center of Area of Concern 11 mentioned in the FSAR, Attachment 2.5-G. Due to construction activities, the original ground surface is covered by about 15 feet of fill, and the present ground surface is part of the construction yard.
Tne purposes of the investigation were to:
- 1. Determine the bedrock stratigraphy beneath the two areas by drilling borings; I S
- 2. Determine the soil stratigraphy and configuration of the bedrock surface beneath the ground depression by trenching 6 across the feature to directly expose the soil and bedrock; I4 3 and
- 3. Suostantiate the mechanism of formation of the bedrock I1 2 depressions, the age of the teatures, and the potential for similar features to develop in the future.
O Dames & Moore's field investigation consisted of topographic I- 0 7 surveying, soil and rock core drilling, geophysical borehole logging, trench C excavation, and geologic mapping of the trench wall . The results of these E
C investigations, which form the basis for our conclusions and document the I0 geologic conditions at the two study areas, are presented herein. Detailed P
li boring logs >re presented in Appendix A.
Independent opinions were also obtained from representatives of the Illinois State Geological Survey (ISGS). Their opinions are based on their knowledge of the geology of Illinois, a site inspection trip, and l
I previous investigations of the site geology. Principal ISGS participants were I [3]
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I I Dr. Dennis R. Kolata and Dr. Leon R. Follmer, whose summaries of observations made during their visit to the site on December 14, 1981 are included as Appendix B of this report.
I PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS The site has been extensively investigated during numerous studies dating back to 1972, and field work included numerous borings, geophysical logging of selected borings, and over 5 miles of geophysical survey lines at the site. Subsequent field work that studied geologic conditions at the site has been performed since 1972 and is documented in the FSAR, including the following:
e Grouting Program, FSAR Attachments 2.5-A and 2.5-B: Pressure 5 grouting of the plant foundation was performed and included vertical borings at 20-foot centers and correlation of grout I4 6 3
takes with stratigraphic horizons ana ]cint patterns.
e Fault Investigation, FSAR Attachment 2.5-C: A thorough I_y assessment was made of the nature of faults exposed in the bedrock, the relationship of these features to regional 2
U structural geology and seismicity, and the age of displacement.
O e Plant Excavation Mapping, FSAR Attachment 2.5-D: Exposures in 7 the power block excavations for Units 1 and 2 provided detailed examination of the upper 40 feet of bedrock, bedding features, Ic E and jointing.
C e Pipeline Construction Surveillance, FSAR Attachment 2.5-G:
Inspection of about 2-1/2 miles of bedrock exposed on the IO trench floor, about 80 percent of the excavation, provided p direct examination of the bedrock surface and nature of the g upper 5 to 10 feet of bedrock along the corridor.
A considerable amount of data referenced in this report is contained within the FSAR and was collected during these previous investigations.
This report makes constant mention of this previous information, such as boring logs, rock formations, joint set measurements, etc., with specific lI j [4]
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I I reference to figures and pages in the FSAR whenever appropriate. Only new figures and tables prepared as a result of new information obtained during this investigation are included in this report.
TERMINOLOGY The term solution feature is used in this report to describe, collectively, different expressions of solution activity encountered within the dolomite and on the bedrock surface. At depth, solutioning has occurred along joints and fracture zones, resulting in solution widened joints.
These teatures are documented in the FSAR and are described as narrow planar openings of ten having widths of 6 to 7 inches and vertical lengths of up to 15 feet. Solutioning along joints has formed bedrock depressions on the 5
bedrock surface, expressed as either solution basins, or small soil pendants I64 3 extending downward into the irregular bedrock surface.
1 The term sinkhole has been used previously to describe bedrock 2
0 depressions at the site with accompanying topographic depression of the 0 ground surface. The Glossary of Geology (American Geological Institute,1972) 7 defines sinkhole to be partially synonymous with large depressions formed by ICE collapse of the underlying bedrock. The formation of a solution basin, on the C
0 other hand, is restricted solely to solution activity. As a result of this P present study, the term sinkhole is now a misnomer for such features at the IM2 site and is replaced by the tenn solution basin, which is a more accurate term for the features. The basis for this terminology change, as well as detailed descriptions for each term, is provided later in this report.
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I DESCRIPTION OF SITE The Byron Station site is located on an upland about 2 miles east of the Rock River. The site topography is a dissected undulating plain with a well developed drainage pattern.
The site is underlain by aaout 200 feet of Ordovician dolomite, divided into seven formations wi thin the Galena-Platteville groups (FSAR Figure 2.5-62) . Each of nese f ormations forms the bedrock surf ace at one or more places at the site (FSAR Figure 2.5-61). The bedrock surface is extremely weathered and usually consists of a silty, dolomitic sand with dolomite fragments. This material varies from 0 to 5-1/2 feet in thickness at the site. Where tne dolomitic sand is not present, highly weathered dolomite occurs at the bedrock surface.
5 6 Overlying the bedrock surface is a residuum of reddish-brown clay 4
3 with chert fragments. This residuum is a residual soil composed of insoluble
{ residue and clay einerals produced by the weathering of the dolomite bedrock 2
O and was previously studied and described (FSAR Attachment 2.5-C). The I~0 7
residuum is present locally at the site, is dated as Yarmouthian (approxi-mately 600,000 years before present) or older, and is most likely Tertiary in ICE age (more than 1 million years before present).
C 0 Glacial dri f t mantles the site and consists of Pleistocene clays p and silts. These soil deposits include loess, till, alluvium, and colluvium IM2 and are described in more detail later in this report.
Jointing in the bedrock was studied during the early phases of the geological investigations for the Byron Station. Di rect examination of joints and bedrock at the site included visual examination of rock core,
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I i I excavation walls mapped at the power block, the exposed bedrock inspected along the pipeline trench, and outcrops exposed in nearby quarries.
Joint patterns delineated from aerial photos and field recon-naissance show a primary joint set trending northwest and secondary sets oriented northeast, east-west and north-south (FSAR Figures 2.5-22 and 2.5-101). Due to the relatively thin cover of glacial drift in much of the site area, surface drainage patterns at the site generally reflect joint sets in the bedrock.
In addition to aerial photo interpretation, joints and fracture zones within the bedrock have been revealed indirectly by borings and geophysical surveys made at the site. Measured intervals of low core recovery and intervals of low rock quality designation (RQD) have been interpreted 5 as joint controlled (FSAR pp. 2.5-21 and 2.5-22). Low velocity zones on I46 3
geophysical refraction surveys have been correlated with fracture zones and weathered (solutioned) joints (FSAR pp. 2.5-35 and 2.5-38). Caliper logs I12 0
in borings have shown that the voids in the dolomite are generally long I0-7 planar openings several feet in length and several inches in width formed by solutioning and enlargement along a joint.
C Several closed depressions on the ground surface were reported E
C to occur within the site boundaries in the FSAR (FSAR Figure 2.5-101). These IO features, the largest measuring 150 feet in diameter, were termed sinkholes P
M and are representative of similar cepressions scattered throughout the general 2
area of the site (Soil Conservation Service, 1980, mdpsheets 42 and 43).
Aerial photographs of the general site area dating back to 1939 were studied and compared to determine if any .hc- 1s in the size or shape of these depressions occurred over the past 4(. yet ' eriod. Photographs (scale:
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I I 1 inch = 1/4 mile) taken in 1939, 1958, 1964, 1971, and 1979 were obtained from the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service. Interviews with the Ogle County conservationists of the past 30 years revealed that no fonnation of ground depressions, loss of farming area, or subsidence has been reported to the SCS by residents in the county (Conroy, 1981; Fisher, 1981). Vegetation around the features changed during this period but no physical differences at the features occur in the photographs to indicate active processes such as enlargement or infilling are at work. The general site area was also examined on these photographs to determine if new depressional areas appeared during this I 40-yea r interval. No features appear on these photographs that could be considered as newly formed ground depressions.
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One of these features at the site was studied in 1973 by drilling 4
3 three borings in order to identify glacial soil units within and adjacent to the depression for relative age dating.
The age of the feature, based on I20 1
the thickness of the glacial and residual soil deposits, was estimated to be 0
pre-Plei stocene to Wi sconsinan in age (FSAR p. 2.5-83, Figure 2.5-102) .
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METHOD OF INVESTIGATION E
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The field program was performed between December 7 and December 16, P
M 1981 and included topographic surveying, drilling, rock coring, geophysical I2 logging, trenching, and geologic mapping.
Surveying services were provided by Arnold Lundgren and Associates, I Inc. of Rockford, Illinois. Drilling wos subcontracted to D&G Drilling, Inc.
of New Lenox, Illinois, utilizing a truck-mounted Mobil B-40 drill rig.
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Excavation work was performed by Farmco, Inc. of Byron, Illinois. All field activities were supervised by a Dames & Moore field geologist.
A topographic map at a scale of 1 inch to 20 feet with 1-foot contour intervals was made of the ground surface depression east of Razorville Road (Figure 2) before any other field activities began. The boring locations at the feature were also surveyed at this time and are shown on the topo-graphic map (Figure 3). Survey information for the boring locations at the plant site was provided by Commonwealth Edison Company.
The borings were drilled utilizing 4-inch solid flight augers and rotary wash techniques in the soil. Soil samples were obtained at 5-foot intervals with a 2-inch 0.D. split spoon sampler and retained in glass jars.
The sampler was driven 18 inches by a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches.
5 Rock core was obtained with NX-size wireline core barrels, .10 feet in length.
6 4 The rock core from each boring was photographed upon completion of the 3
- field work; these photographs are being retained in our files. The boring 1
2 logs are presented in Appendix A.
0 All borings were geophysically logged at the completion of drilling 0
7 utilizing a Mt. Sopis Model 1000-C portcble borehole logger. Gamma ray C logging was done at the same sensitivity (5 cps /div) for all borings.
E C Borings were backfilled with natural soil to a depth of 6 feet below IoP ground surface. A cement grout was placed above the backfill to the ground surface or to a depth of 2 feet below ground surface.
IM2 A trench was excavated across the solution basin in a northwesterly direction, about 30 feet southwest of the line of borings (Figure 3). The trench was 240 feet in length, about 10 feet in width, and from 2 to 20 feet in depth. The trench was excavated to a depth at which highly weathered rock
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m was encountered, which the backhoe could not excavate. All loose material was l cleaned from the trench walls and floor with an air jet prior to mapping.
Horizontal and vertical control points within the trench were established for mapping purposes by a Dames & Moore field geologist and surveyed by Arnold Lundgren and Associates, Inc.
The southwest wall of the trench was geologically mapped and photographed to document the soil and rock conditions, the contour of the bedrock surface, and the location and attitude of all joints encountered.
The trench was backfilled with excavated material upon completion of the fit.ld work.
RESULTS OF FIELD INVESTIGATION S
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FORMATION OF SOLUTION FEATURES Four borings were drilled at about 20-foot intervals across the I12 solution basin as shown on Figure 3. Three of the borings extended to 0
depths of 70 feet and penetrated the Platteville Group, and one boring 0
7 (SF-2) was drilled to 190 feet and penetrated the Ancell Group. The Dunleith C Formation forms the bedrock surface beneath the solution basin and ranges E
C from 31 to 46 feet in thickness. The top of the Platteville Group provided an IoP important stratigraphic marker between the borings and is a horizon mapped M throughout northern Illinois. The logs of borings are presented in Appendix A 2
(Figure A-2).
A cross section of the four borings is shown on Figure 4. This profile of the Doring logs shows the horizontal and continuous nature of the strata beneath the solution basin, and the core recovery and RQD of the rock I [10]
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I I formations for each boring. Two small voids were encountered as the bit dropped during drilling at the solution basin. One void in Boring SF-1 was 0.7 foot (depth of 29.8 feet) and the other void was 1.2 feet (depth of 156.3 feet) in Boring SF-2. Core recovery in the borings averaged 96.8 percent. The rock quality is typical of jointed dolomite and RQD values averaged 59.7 percent. The lowest recovery and RQD values are found in the upper several feet of highly weathered bedrock with rock quality generally increasing with depth.
Gamma logs of the borings, shown on Figure 5, and the rock core show a continuous bed of bentonite clay occurring at the same elevation in all borings. This bentonite is a mappable marker bed within the Guttenberg Formation and consists of about 1-1/2 to 2 inches of soft brownish green clay.
5 The same bed is found in the Guttenbers Formation on the geophysical log and 6
4 in the rock core of Boring G-22 (FSAR Figure 2.5-137), drilled in 1972, about 3
- 50 feet west of the edge of the ground depression.
1 2 A trench was excavated across the solution basin in a northwesterly 0
direction, about 30 feet southwest of the line of borings (Figure 3).
0 7 Figure 6 is a geologic map of the southwest wall of the trench and shows the C nature of bedrock and soil units encountered. The bottom of the trench is E
C horizontally bedded, weathered dolomite of the Dunleith Formation, which 0
continues at varying depths along the floor of the trench. Highly weathered P
M dolomite and silty, dolomitic sand are exposed along the base of the trench 2
wall. The residuum layer overlies the irregular bedrock surface and is overlain in turn by glacial deposits described later in the report.
The trench floor intersected several northeast-trending joint sets in the bedrock which had been preferentially widened and deepened by ancient
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I solution activity (Figure 6). Joints observed in the trench were projected beneath the solution basin to establish their locations relative to the borings (Figures 7 and 8). This projection shows that the borings were drilled in between the joint sets. These joints are spaced at about 10- to 20-foot intervals and are expressed as steep-sided depressions several feet in depth on the trench floor. On the trench wall, the solution widened joints are expressed as pendant-like depressions extending downward into the irregular bedrock surface, as shown between survey control points 7 and 8 on Figure 6. The dolomitic sand and residuum extend several feet downward in these depressions as shown on the geologic map of the trench wall. Similar features occur on the bedrock surface in roadcuts and quarry outcrops in the site area. The northeast wall of the trench intersected the edge of the 5 dumped fill material in the center of the depression. A second, smaller 6 .
4 trench was excavated perpend: ular to the nortneast wall for a distance of 3
about 20 feet northeastward to define the limits and configuration of the I12 man-made fill in the center of the depression. The 8-foot deep trench 0
- walls exposed fill material overlying glacial soils exposed at the base of the 0
7 wall. Due to the disturbed material, the geology of the trench wall was not C mapped. The small trench, however, correlated the fill exposed in the east E
C wall of the main trench and the fill sampled in the borings.
O The results of the drilling, examination of rock core, geophysical P
IM2 logging, and trenching at the solution basin show conclusively that the depression was caused by past solution widening of a joint system in the bedrock. Stratigraphic and lithologic controls across the feature and direct examination of the bedrock surface and the attitude of bedding in the dolomite show no evidence of collapsed rubbl e lining the feature, or disturbance of I [12]
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I I the rock mass. Therefore, there is no evidence that solution collapse or subsidence has occurred to create these depressions and all evidence supports a formation by ancient solution widening of a joint system in the bedrock.
AGE OF SOLUTION BASIN The exposures within the trench showed the relative stratigraphic relationship of glacial soil units that overlie the clayey residuum on top of the bedrock (Figure 6). The residuum, a reddish-brown clay with chert fragments, was studied in the power block excavation at the site in 1975 and was dated as at least Yarmouthian in age (approximately 600,000 years before present) and possibly as old as Tertiary (more than 1 million years before I 5 present [FSAR p. 2.5C8-3]).
6 The earliest glacial deposit in the trench exposure is a reddish-4 3 brown Illinoian till immediately overlying the residuum and present throughout I rost of the site. This unit is the Ogle Till Member of the Glasford Formatico 2
0 and is 125,000 years old or older. The till is present throughout most of I0_
7 the site and contains a weli developed paleosol, the Sangamon Soil, exposed in the trencn. The Sangamon Soil formed on the paleo-ground surface, between E the Illinoian and Wisconsinan stages of the Pleistocene Epoch, from about C
0 125,000 to 75,000 years ago. The surf ace of the Sangamon Soil slopes towards P the center of the solution basin (center of trench) and indicates that a IM2 depression e-isted on the ground surface during Sangamonian time.
During early Wisconsinan time ( Altonian Substage), the Roxana Silt was deposited on the Sangamon Soil . The Roxana is a brown, wind-blown silt with a colluvial silt and sand facies that accumulated as a wedge in the l
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I I depression between about 75,000 to 28,000 years ago. The top of the Roxana is marked by the development of the Farmdale Soil, a paleoscl that formed during the interglacial period between the Altonian and Woodfordian substages.
The Peoria Loess was deposited across the depression during Woodfordian time, about 25,000 years ago. The Peoria Loess is a brown, mottled silt and contains the B horizon of the modern soil exposed in the trench. Topsoil overlies the loess.
The glacial soil units exposed in the trencn are typical of similar deposits in the area and correlate with Pleistocene strata previously described at the site (FSAR Attachment 2.5-C). There is no evidence of disturbance associated with collapse and it appears that gradual infilling of the depression nas been a continuous process since at least Illinoian time.
5 Furthermore, the stratigraphic position and nature of the soil units and 6
4 development of paleosols in the deposits indicate stability of the solution 3
- basin for at least the last 75,000 years.
1 2 Dr. Leon Follmer of the ISGS examined the trench exposures and 0
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identified the Pleistocene deposits and their stratigraphic positions from visual inspection of the trench walls. The solution feature is within several C hundred feet of field trip stops described by Dr. Follmer in an unpublished E
C guidebook, which provided a useful reference in addition to descriptions of 0
glacial soils previously presented in the FSAR.
P I" STABILli'r 0F BURIED BEDROCK DEPRESSIONS During construction of the pipeline corridor in 1977, several low dreas on the top of bedrock were identified by borings drilled along the excavation line for the pipe trench (FSAR Figures 2.5G-4b and 2.5G-4c). The
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I I upper 10 feet of bedrock in these areas is highly weathered and the boring logs revealed low RQD values and generally low core recovery (FSAR Figures 2.5G-6a and 2.5G-6b).
Three borings were drilled on 30-foot centers at Station 49+20N, 33+8E, along the pipeline corridor (Figure 2) to confirm the absence of open voids in bedrock at depth and to assess the possibility for future collapse. The NRC staff did not feel that these issues could be discounted from information previously collected at the site. This study area corresponds to the center of a bedrock low shown as Area of Concern 11 in the FSAR, Attachment 2.5-G. Figure 9 shuws the unexaggerated profile of this area I witn the location of the borings drilled in 1977 and the three new borings.
The three borings, SF-5 through SF-7, penetrated the Platteville 6
Group; the logs of borings are presented on Figure A-2. A cross section of the three borings wi th stratigraphic correlations, core recovery , and RQD values for the borings is shown on Figure 10. The core revealed horizontally-I2 bedded and continuous strata beneath the depression with core recovery averaging 77 percent. Gamma logs of the borings are presented on Figure 11 7 and show two continuous beds of bentonite clav as also observed in the rock C
core from the tnree borings. The upper marker bed is about 1-1/2 to 2 inches C f weathered brownish green clay within the Guttenberg Formation and was also 0
encountered in barings drilled at the solution basin. There is a slight p
offset in beds between Borings SF-5 and SF-6, based on the correlation of the bentonite and formational tops encountered in the Galena-Platteville groups.
The occurrence of such minor displacement along joints, was previously studied at the site in 1975, and the results showed that such features are incapable of movement during the life of the plant (FSAR Attachment 2.5C).
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I The drilled area is at the head of a southwest oriented drainage way and is aligned with the projection of a northwest trending joint (FSAR Figure 2.5-101). The jointing is evident in the three borings by the amount of fractured rock and the low RQD of the core. The borings did not encounter any voids and the stratigraphic correlation show no evidence of collapse within the bedrock. While drilling Boring SF-6, mechanical failure involving the locking mechanism of the inner barrel of the core barrel resulted in almost total loss of rock core between depths of 59.6 and 69.6 feet. The other intervals of zero RQD in the borings ara located in the upper few feet of bedrock where weathering has reduced the quality of the dolomite.
The origin of the bedrock depression is explained either by ancient solution widening along closely spaced joints, or by erosion of the bedrock 5 surface by downcutting and headward development of the drainage course in the I4 6 3
past. There is no evidence from any data to suggest that sudden collapse of a solution feature in the bedrock will occur or is possible at such buried I1 2 bedrock depressions. Furtnermore , the investigation of the solution basin 0
and the buried bedrock low shows tnat solution widening along preexisting 0
7 joint systems is the common mechanism of formation for both features.
C E
C CONCLUSIONS l
l P The evidence gathered from the borings and trenching conclusively EM shows that bedrock depressions were formed by ancient solution widening of a E 2 joint system, as stated in the FSAR. No cavities were encountered beneath the l
l I solution features, nor is there any evidence to indicate that collapse or su'sidence has occurred or is possible in the bedrock. Specifically, this study revealed the following:
I [16]
Danw . ?. Moore
I e The trench revealed a continuous, irregular bedrock .;u rf ace that forms a depression on the bedrock surface. The attitude I of bedding shows flat-lying bedrock that has not been disturbed by collapse or local movement.
The floor of the trench showed closely spaced joint sets in the I e bedrock that underlie the solution basin east of Razorville Road, and that have been solution widened to fonn steep-sided depressions of several feet in depth on the bedrock surface.
e The oldest glacial deposit in the depression is Illinoian till older than about 125,000 years and possibly 200,000 years or more. Wisconsinan deposits overlying the till have blanketed the depression, causing the gradual and undisturbed infilling of the feature.
e Continuous stratigraphic control was established beneath the solution basin by correlation of a bentonite bed in borings drilled within and adjacent to the feature, e The same bedrock conditions were found at the buried bedrock depression in the plant area (Area of Concern 11) and indicates I 5 that solution widening along preexisting joint systems is the common mechanism of formation for both features.
Field observation, literature search, and chemical analyses I46 e (Sargent & Lundy Report, Appendix C) indicate that the rate 3 of solution activity presently taking place at the site is
- imperceptible.
1 2 The results of this study, presented tc the NRC staff on December 22, 1981, 0
- support the data and explanation in the FSAR for solution features.
0 7 This study provides the basis to conclude that the solut40n features C and associated ground surface depressions at the site are not related to E
C collapse or subsidence of subsurface cavities and are not sinkholes, as IO defined in the geological literature. The features are, on tne other hand, P
M solution basins, developed by ancient dif ferential solutioning along joints.
2 In addition, as it can be concluded that sinkholes cannot develop at the site during the life of the plant, subsidence of the bedrock along the pipeline corridor by such a phenomenon is not possible.
I --00000--
I [17]
namsauoom g
I The references, figures, and appendices are attached and complete this report.
Respectfully submitted, DAMES & MOORE I Michael L. Kiefer rtner q r 1 J f -
bbb ,
arles S. Kuntz Senior Geologist I MLK/CSK:lhk I 5 I4 6 3
I_12 0
0 7
C E
C O
P I
I I [18]
oanies s u<>ure
REFERENCES American Geological Institute, 1972, Gl ossa ry of geology: Gary, M.,
McAfee, R. , Jr. , and Wol f, C. , editors ; Washington , D.C.
Commonwealth Edison Company, Final safety analysis report, Byron Station -
Units 1 and 2.
Conroy, J.,1981, retired District Conservationist, Soil Conservation Survey, Ogle County, Illinois; personal communication.
Fisher, W., 1981, District Conservationist, Soil Conservation Survey, Ogle County, Illinois; personal communication.
Follmer, L., 1981, Geologist, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, Illinois; Letter to Mr. Charles Kuntz, Dames & Moore (December 21).
Kolata, D., 1981, Geologist, Illinois State Geological Survey, Urbana, I Illinois; Latter to Mr. Charles Kuntz, Dames & Moore (December 24).
Soil Conservation Service, 1980, Soil Survey of Ogle County, Illinois: Map sheets 40 and 43, scale 1:15840.
5 3
Ii2 0
0 7
C E
C IoP IM2 I
I [19]
Dames & Moore
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to I 8' t 69 0 5 -152 O N 800- -
98 - 25 81 91-i l 96 94 70 92 BENTONITE BEDq 780-
" 89 .49 ,
E 89 54 10 0 7CO- l 84 53 1 g
PERCENT - RQD RECOVERED b-O i
O N
740-7 g 20 C 4
u) o NO VEF NOTES: 1. # LOW PERCENT RECOVERED AND RQD VALUES FOR THIS INTERVAL ARE MECHANICALLY RELATED. SEE FIGURE A-2.6, LOG OF BORING SF-6, FOR EXPLANATION.
- 2. CROSS SECTIONS ARE INTERPRETED FROM BORINGS.
CONDITIONS BETWEEN BORINGS MAY DIFFER FROM THAT f' SHCVN.
{
- 3. COORDINATES REFER TO PLANT COORDINATE SYSTEM. I
- 4. ELEVATIONS REFER TO FEET ABOVE PEAN SEA LEVEL.
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lI APPENDIX A LOGS OF BORINGS I
I I .
I I
I
W .TO SAMPLES:
THE NUMBER OF BLOWS REQUlhED TO DRIVE THE 2.0" 0.D. BY 1.4" 1.D. STANDAR:
l SPOON SAMPLER 12" OR LENGTH INDICATED WITH A 140 POUND HAMMER FALLING 30' 32 Q DEPTH OF DISTURBED SAMPLE OBTAINED WITH THE SPLIT SPOON SAMPLER.
WE ATHt RING TERMINOLOGY FRESH: THE ROCK SHOWS NO DISO ttRATION, LOSS OF STRENGTH. OR ANY OTHER EFFECT 01 WEATHERlNG.
SLIGHTLY THE ROCK IS SLIGHTLY DISCOLORED, BUT NOT NOTICEABLY LOWER IN STRENCTH TH-WEATHERED: THE FRESH ROCK.
MODERATELY THE ROCK IS DISCOLORED AND NOTICEABLY WE AKENED. BUT 2-lNCH DI AMETER DRILI WEATHERED: CORES CANNOT USUALLY BE BROKEN UP BY HAND, ACROSS THE ROCK FABRIC.
HIGHLY THE ROCK IS USUALLY DISCOLORED AND WEAVENED TO SUCH AN EXTENT THAT 2-INC'
. WEATHERED: DI AMETER CORES CAN BE BROKEN UP RE ADILY BY HAND, ACROSS THE ROCK FABRIC.
WET STRENGTH USUALLY MUCH LOWER THAN DRY
- STRENGTH.
EXTREMELY THE ROCK IS DISCOLORED AND 15 ENTIRELY CHANGED TO A 50ll, BUT THE CRIGINd l WEATHERED: FABRIC OF THE ROCK IS MOSTLY PRESERVED. THE PROPERTIES OF THE Soll DEFEN:
UPON THE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE PARENT ROCK.
[.
BEDDINO TERMINOLOGY 7
! AVERACE BED THICKNESS TE RM i 0.001 FOOT THINLY LAMINATED 0.001 TO 0.01 FOOT LAMINATED 0.01 TO 0.1 FOOT THIN BECDED 0.1 TO 1.0 FOOT MEDIUM BEDOED 1.0 FOOT THICK BEDDED RECOVERY TERMINOLOGY a PERCENT RECOVERED lNDICATES TOTAL AMOUNT OF CORE RECOVERED FOR EACH RUN, o EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL LENGTH OF THE CORE RUN.
38 ?
ROCK QUALITY DESIGNAT10N (RQD) - A MODIFIED COPE REC 0VERY PERCENTACE IN k ALL PIECES OF CORE OVER 4 lNCHES LONG ARE COUNTED AS RECOVERY. THE HODIFl SUM OF CORE RECOVERED IS THEN EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL LEN.
f 0F THE CORE RUN.
/ 0 PERCENT RQD ROCK QUALITY TERMS DESCRIPTIVE ROCK QUAllTY 81 0 - 25 VERY POOR 25 - 50 POOR 50 - 75 FAIR 75 - 90 C000 90 - 100 EXCELLENT
[/Q{ff)LIW[
c o /6 in e 'A 70 PS 90 00 b !
O 1 1 I l e ! -I
'l o .,3 __
e N i CH I I l E
y p _._ _
m 4.[ !
e 2 i ! 4 O i FEY TC
[ ! l n - - + - -
i CL j s
$, l i
gzc -
! ! lMHBOH f
i - '
l
$PLl? CRAPHIC LETTER MAJOR DIVISIONS TYPICAL DESCRIPTIONS i SYMBOL SYMBOL P' 9' WE L L GR ADE D GR A V E ls. GR AV E L ee j &g9 SAND Utm7URES . !T T LE OR O gg GRAVEL AND CLE AN GR AVELS e
- GRAVELLY m.e . m. . .e ;
,M::i;4;;. GP GR AVE L SAND uix TURE S. LITTLE go.;;;;6 OR NO FINE S
.....e..
COARS E E l* * %
- N GR D
'"]7 Sit T Y GR AVELS. GRAVEL -SAND-i e
I GM SsLT MIXTURES GRAVELS WITH 74NES i ,
MORE THAN 50% ,4' OF COARSE FR AC- (APPR E CIA BL E , i TION R FT AsNF D AMOUNT OF FINESI / '- ,
ON NO. 4 SIE VE CLAYEY GR AVELS. GR AVEL SAND-CL AY MIXTURES
, e.(' * [*
S* 5 ^
- S " "' ' " " ' * *
OF MATERI AL IS L ARGER THAN NO. 4 200 SsLVE S12E O 3' >
. e SILTY SANDS. SAND $1LT I L i
SM UtxTURES SANDS WtTH FINES '
, a MORE TH AN 50% .'! -
OF COARSE F R AC l APPRE CI ABL E
{ ,.
oi k TION PASSING AMOs.lNT OF FINES) / "p NO 4 SeEVE CLAYEY SANDS. SANO CL AY SC MIRTURES
/ d f #NORGANic SILTS AND % ERY FINE i ML SANDS. ROCK F LOUR. SILTY OR
! 1 CL AYE Y FINE SANDS OR CLAYEY SILTS WeTH SLIGHY PLASTICITY
,' tNORGANIC CL AYS OF LOW TO FINE SILTS ME DIUM PLASTICITY. GR AVE L LY t IOUID UMIT ct GR AINE D AND CL AYS. SANDY CLAYS. SlL TY SOf LS CLAYS @ THAN50 CL AY S. LL AN CLAYS ICH a,jl f, ,',
ORGANIC SILTS AND ORGANIC D ,
t ,l g( SILTY CL AYS OF LOW PL ASTICITY H J t , '
ll ;.. f, . 1 I INORG ANIC SILTS. wiCACE OUS OR f j Os ATOM ACE OUS F WE SAND OR gg l SILTY SOILS MORE THAN SQ% SlLT$
OF MATERI Alls LI UlD LtMIT INORGANIC CLAYS OF HIGH AND ;'
CH PL ASTICrTY. F A T CL A YS SMAlt f R THAN NO. GRE ATER TH AN 50 Clays 2ue 5sE VE SIZE A uA 7; ORGANIC CLAYS OF ME DiUM TO 3 GH HiGH PLASTICITY. ORGANIC S3LTS
' O,.,
u-
iEE PE AT. HUMUS. SW AMP SOILS WITH MtGHLY ORGANIC SDILS =ngg FT HIGH ORGANIC CONTE NTS
===1:
=
LABORATORY TESTS:
sPcc m c c e iv Tts' BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION FIGURE A-1 KEY TO LOG OF BORINGS
A.. I :_
i
<n BORING SF-1 8 ct p
".;n: s ?: ,,
i [ jl d , j uO SuMACE ELEFAT/ON 854 9 Md ct b
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. ,}, U l5- ii e
nurn st + to Easr= s +ss %
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3a p
1
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ML (N Dium STIFF) (ELACI AL DE P011TS-o's.elFFEntnTI AftD)
~ 050 7 a .
REDDISH-sm0WN FINE $Ah0V CLAf wlTu OCCA11C%AL FINE TO C( CCAmst wl ATaf pf D DCLO*lTE FR Acaf hT1 (mE 51DJt,P) 23 a LCplTIC 5AhD (MEDluM Of 45E) 10 - - -
".ff gacweig*-vg (uT=E= LY wt ttow stLTY ALn ATatero. F l#f DC.E actC.ift ) - 845 lf.
- J ioq',^ /::'.
/5 -- -- -- - I ', ' * " " " " ' " '
- 840
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'38 20 va " *?,t. cAAc
' o0tc,tsi re wir* TuCr Fii.E TO CoAast wt AT E.Lo Fucm.T5 - BJ5
^:,f.
- '.J
' J,Q 25 - 830 CALTHA G80uP g,y DUNLE I TM F0F *ATION 93 DCLOPITE 9JrF; FthtLY Cav1 TALL lht; Tetu 70 faEDiam SEDDED;
~'-
f RMTchts AhD vaC5 wf AfutRED vtLLOW AND LOCALLY TO A DCL0mlTIC $/JsD; V901 LE5$ THAss $ E. PlhP0 ami 70 0.0$';
I JO $4 0
$LIC*TLY TO MODER AT[LT w( ATHE Af D - 8[j naalTE CHE R T NCDULE$ 0.C$ TO C.15' CAADE 14 FPCM 28.$ TO )).)'
30 0 O.7' volp FROM 29.9'
_._ , 540stu ZONC FROM 30.8 TO 31.$e sm0*E N ZChE FROM 33.5 TO 39.)'
OPEN 5 Avt R TIC AL FRM TURE 3RCm )).) To 33.$'
35 -
g - 820 v 0 C BRCs EN Z:ht Fate 39.6 TO 40.)'
40 - -
m - 8/5 0.)' t ALED 5 A <ERT?C AL f R ACT#T Fhom 40.7'
=
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2: caTizt= tat r=* Tat SeFMt5 cuat vtLLs Aio sA=ov Faca - BIO
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x.-.-
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h
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- 805
~ 7 55 ._ _ _
.- 800 I 60 - -
- M
- 795 100 25 I
f
'm eCitlIC4TAL FR ACTURE Su eFACES LRADE VELLCw AND $ANOV in Facm 6).5 70 67.5' 65 "
0.cs' cau= s-*u mTi=a raca 63.ts' - 780 (E4 f %G CC4Titf D) b C
O I N CO 3 BYRON STATION I e SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION FIGURE A-2.1 LOG OF BORING SF-1 (SHEET 1 OF 2)
_ _ - ~_
I wm-_
.. ,. ~ 2
_ e_ BORING SF-1 (CONT' D) 8 en y
c,,m re S-t a=
,' ::r- ,
W E#
a'/ ;
s.
i t
n r:
n
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e
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i SrWBOLS MSCRIPTICWS 65 4 cuTTrimos 70==Tio.
DOLO'I'E : SUFF; T14ELY CRYSTALLINE: Twig TO ME Cl@ 9E DDE 0; REDL15844 Cwt AND VELLOW $ MALI PARTING 5. This 70 0.02';
7, WUCS LES5 ThAn 51. PI'tPoleT TU 0.02'; OCCA510esAt ww Tg CHE RT NODULE 5, 9.02 TC 0.0$'; SLIGMTLY W ATHE AID O.05' 340Wul5*-Ga1E4 CLAY PAafises FR0n 65.
4 PLATTErlLLE GR0uP - 7B5 QUla58v plLL FORPATich Dr LO*I't - SUFF AND LRAv ; f l4Elv CRv5TALLt4E ; THIN TO PE Die
- M DELOLD; vugs LE 55 THAN 57. PihPCIhr TO 0.05'; CCCA5104AL
. W**lft AhD GRAY C6E RT NCDuL15, 0.05 Yo 0.15'; SLl >TLY 75 '00 is **'""'*
~ 7B0 r
BO - - -
1,,,,,A, 5,,,t, - 7 75
,,,riw5 v Act i. ac, so.5 T0 si .6, B5 - - ' 3'
O.5. vulcw 5 Auf xto iTE ne. a5.25 ~ I70
- 0. )' g e ca t u 2c '.E then 86.55' M hACpugA 70gMATICE I "
r DCLOPI't - Duf f; FINELv (Rv5TALLiesE ; Tulis To PEDI @ 9f DCED; REDDILM-BROWN A40 GRAF SMALE PARTI'sCS, THIN TO 0.02';
OCCASICNAL WHITE CnERT N0DuLf 5. 0.05' TO 0.15'; 5LtLMTLY WE ATHE RED poo l#G C"*PLE TED AT A DE PTH OF 89.) FIET 0412-9-81 765 I
C A5 6MC USED TD A DE Pfle CF 25.0 TE(f.
WATER LivEL sect REC 0eX0 100Z LOSS OF CIRCULAT10w Fh0m 30.5 FEET.
I I
O O
I N e
4 i
BYRON STATION l
I e e
SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION FIGURE A-2.1 LOG OF BORING SF-1 (SHEET 2 OF 2)
- SORiNG SF-2 o yz
.f.....
^"
) {
. u cc
}$ f SURMCT ELEVAHON 854 2 I h R&
Q Z," eW.*v. v h $2 $E 2 / u NORM 6u 34 EAsr 9+50 7% I C4
% / I/ h j h a k4 l
- V
- .~ g; swoots ocsempnoNs O
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'O 3 g
hl M
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ML ene.=iS*-vEltN ctAety SitT wi fw Ys4cr Fia.E SAND MTUO %LACIAL C(PQ5)T5-@0iHERINTIAftD)
- 8[O
{
j iir )
i 85 3 ML ca ^:* 5 ^ * **
- B45
/0 - - - -
i ;!:
i i
O
' * " ' ' ~ ~ " ' " " ' ' ''"'# ~ ##O
! 3 I
/5 -- -- --- - -
FM CL f e ', B40kis 51LT'y i t*' DCLcalflC $AND wifw TRACE FINE TO (DAR5E wf A*NE RE L DCLOPI TE FR ALME4T5 (VERY OtwSE)
' [ ,' ( E I TRE ME Li wt ATHE ALD. AL TE AED DLLLas TE )
so 3 .
- 835 20 SM F,.g'.,lf.
i l' .'-
, .4 '.
I
'W *. :.LE %4 1 >%9 25 - - '
. utt : ra 'c a *A Ti o =
- g}Q e
N'l ._* i Tt P ;F F ; F l%f tv (Pf 5T ALL IN[; 7 'I s TO *[D j ,M g[30[g; 6 Ht. T .8E 5 4D AG5 wf AThF #i D VE LIGW AND LGCAL LY 13 A 22 if DOL'^*l TI C 5Ah0. OG5 LE 55 f*Ah 5 . PINPC19T TO 0.05';
SLILnTLv Tc MCDERATILY WE AWERID I jQ - - - - - -- - --
WalTE Cut *T 4001LE S F8cm 27.8 TO J2.J' - ggy 0.4' C FE 4 WE A TIC AL TRAC TJE F80m 23.2 TO 28.6' F 80* E N JU NE F P OP 28.6 T3 32.O' E '> 0 35 - - - - 820 l
l %n tlD%Y AL 5 RF Af.15 Ch ALE vlLLOW A43 5A%ov f ooa 38.15 To 67.6'
+- 0.7' ef AL L3 .Es ?it AL P4 ACT ,8 E 5 8C= )$.65' D
7 14 cmEIN 54LE PAAta %LS LAEL th
- Rc= 39.45' I 40 - -- - -
= - 8/5 4E I
- x:=
s
,i 4j _ - - - -
iao 41 .+ z:- - 8 /0 9
2' WE AT"Ent D 5ANDr AT 46.7' l
50 -- - -- -~
? - 805 j
M .<.Riz:%TAL 1. ACTv t SaarACE5 u Act irttaw Ano tocAttv To
.i g} A DC L0pt flC 5AhD SPo* 52.1 TO 53.3' 55 - - - -
,a e,
- 800 I
l 60 - - -
? ~795 l
103 48 --
I
'7 gy O G T?t 4H ac pan Af g.g
_7gg
( -___ - - - _ - -
. .( t c7 1_*E, - agy s ; g g.dLY CR Y S T Alli'.E . T*14 70 *EDl !M E E ;DE C .
I
- 6tLLl h - sc.is A%0 vE LLOd 5 ALE F A#Tl%65 f* li TG 0.02 ' ;
DCCA510%AL Wal TT AND I.9 At Cw( R T %D"LE S. 0.02 TO 0.05' .
[
300 'S T MOf m ATFiv mF A%f *f 3 l : 0.05' eacww15a-ptEu CLAv sto Fpom 4.15' l ; PL AT TI VI LLE C
l [Q - - y ;i miB V etLL SUAMATION - 785 b X Lc"I TE .ce t 'JsD Cm av ; F i stlf CPT ST ALLINE . NI% TO mf Ci sk l ODE 0; VUGS LE 55 T .A4 $ , Pl%Mi kT TC 0.0l' . CLC A510%,L O e t rE c-Ea r .03.tt s, 0.05 To o.15' . 5Lic-Ttv .r AT -rata i l ing g 0.9' 70 OrEg 8 t e et T;mt s pCM 68.1' o G l
r.La m Cosfiu c) - rgO
- a 75 --
,e e BYRON STATION l
l I to SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l FIGURE A-2.2 LOG OF BORING SF-2 (SHEET 1 OF 3)
k uw,es 3 -
BORING SF-2 (COMT'D) D i
- .. o S k I 5. $! El Q
c,,,,.
ni'$
s....
$' ;;t'- r- g d is is
=
b 4
s e!
- '35# ; i ?I
'E 9 SYMBOLS DESCRIPT70NS 75 n;-
I gg - __
m:
^ II5 TWi% C Att SwA 64.$$ AND 84.9'
"' """ " gt F Atit ' ' 'h;5
' ' ' FP
' ' ' ort
'"**'" ~ IIO B5 - -
n n
- AAC%5A Foss.Af f 04 I
E DC LOI TE - McT!LE D L' Ar AND B JF ; F I NE L v CP v 5' ALL I AE . T*l % TO SU PE L DED . GP AY 5xALE PADT14C5. Twlw TO 0.028 W C5 gg __ .
LESS TWAN $ , Fl480t hT TO 0.02' . ccC A5lo*.AL kal TE Crgaf - 765
%COstES. 0.04 TO 0.I'; 5LIGwit' .,E AT-EaE3
'" ' - 760 95 -- -
l
- 75 5
/00 0.35' CPEM 700 F RACTWE FRoa 103.45' C
I Q
/05 no 83
- ISO
=
G8 A'.3 DE T0_R F Cs= AT 3 c g DE L38'l TE CR AY A43 9 ;FF; Fl%ELY CatSTALLlhE ; TWim TO MA55t vE ELLLED: PEDLIS~EM0wk AND GP AY 54LE FA*Ti HGS. TalN 700.04'; - 745 ffg I
VJGS LE SS M $ ^. Pisrclif TO 0.02' e SLM*TLY wt ArrERED 0.2' *E ALF 3 70s # R ACTSE FROM 107.7' O.3
- C PE h 700 FhCYJE FR0e 107.9'
//5 --
100 91 g , _ .
- 740
'* 0.6' -E ALE 3 S JE .'E R T I C AL F8 AC T.P E F40M 114,68 x
'g GRADES MCDERATELY wf ATbERED FR Gs 119.4*
fpg __
e 3.8' ZDhE OF MtiLT'PLE CLAV FILLED SAVERTICAL F RACTup15 - 7J5
- Z F ROM 119.8' I
C
-e GRACEI SLIG97LV WEATWERED FROM D0.B' n
~
fps 2 - 730 is 7s c
.g CR ADES SLIS TL. 5AN0v AND PCLE8 ATELv 4 ATrEnE3 FRO't I
- w. 127.4 TO 13a.6' x
' r jyg __
y - 725 1
3:
.% KLTIFLE CLAe FILLE 3 SJ.EaTICAL Fa ACTsPf 5 FROM 133.4 70 134.4'.
I 135 - -
sn 9a C
d AND 134.8 Ta 135.2*
CFE4 .E D T l( f.L FR AC T.SE F A D" 136.5 70 tJ 7.1'. CLC5E3 Ah3 CLAf FlLLE3 TG 137.4'
- 720 CPE 4 6E AT*EPE3 $ ;EiERTIC AL F#ACT *E FRca 137.8 TO 138.48 I
f4g _ _ , _ _ _ . _ . . _
-0.01' CAtt e rE SE y r*0M 139.0' ~ [/8 CCCASIC%AL C/.LCI TE FILLE 0 VUC5 tace 140.0*
x Z
I CALCI rt 5E AM *Ro- 144.2' ~
s
/45 97 a M x
- ,c,5 w u E t, 4,r-E,o 4,,0 ys3, , 2 i4s.9 TO ies.s' o
h 0.2' CPEN $ t .ERTICAL FR ACT.:#E Fa0r 149,1
- I a 50 --
e.,se asT,, Ec1 I
n,
= BYRON STATION I e SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION FIGURE A-2.2 LOG OF BORING SF-2 (SHEET 2 OF 3)
1 I ,,.,,,,,,
r -
u ,
DORING SF-2 (CONT'D) I et 1
S k, 1
l Q
- c. .
- w. ..
"=~ n, !;, y Y " y
- 5. 5!
P
)y E
svueots orscmmons e
1 M PI F FLl4 ff 9F ATi%
I g
pr t.cd]T - es f F; F 14E t t Cpv 5T A. Ll4E ; *E Di p TO M A5516E ?E D'.ED ;
i ca A+ 5 ALE P A* T i s:.5. N w Ta 1. i ' . nc5 (E55 T*= 5 . Pi= Pet e TG 0.02' LLILnTLv *E AT-E*ED
- 700
/55 - -- - -
53 52 g- , , , , , , , ,,0 , , g ,3 ,
l I /60 _ _ _ __
2 r
~ 695 I6#" -- -- - _ _ - 690
% p, Pf 0ATChlCA FcanATich
, y, g t.orj 't ecT TLED tLACh AND Walt!; F l%E L C8t STALLlht . PEDivM Ta " A5 5 t .E BE D E C i G2 AY 5" ALE PAR T !sc5, T- t 4 TO 0.04' ; c;G5 I
I LESS T- A4 5 . Fi%ecI47 TO 0.02'; SLILuf t, WE A N E e E 3 n
h C ALC ITE F ILLED.V;05 A40 SE fr5 CP4t. le race 165.9' - 685 f70 _ _ _ cisse. uft ev ift eu t5 Ar i90.s s =
x C -
'" 9: 680 r 175 -- .- -
M P
! 180 - -
- 675 l
j Z LAADE5 840TTLED BL ACk AND 09 AY , BRCWIqj 5M-Af D, GRAV 5 KALE PARTlhG5 vug 5 LE SS ThAN 5's. Pf hP014T TD 0.03'
'l 1 00 95
.l pg5 __ __ u uttt v0aP LLE* EGO Fos-ATIO%
- 6 70
^
} w h?W.', ~1LL rE Mln
- 5_ ALE LPf EN AND GR 'a ; Tal%LY L Vl*.A!f D ; h tl TIC 0.15'
- E D0 t S--t> *0ws 5xALE ' Rom t h.1' DAi5/lLLE PEE E R ggg 100 100 -
acLce'I TE L t ;-T LRi t *.15 -CR Af . ME0Ep itDcED; SAhev - 665
- 0.18 C APD S* ALE etD FPON 1%.7' O.15' *E 4:15- RW. $~ ALE fiED I *C* 1%.8' j goa l*G CcmPLE TED AT A CE PTh 0F 190.4 f EE T 0412-19-81
, EASING USED TO A DE PN OF 25.0 FEET.
4 WATER LEvil pecT RECORDE D.
l95 1004 Loss o' c'acunc' '*oa 25 5 'Et'.
!,I 7
- I 1
a I
- I i
1 l
o-O 1
O I N n
1 BYRON STATION I
e
.a SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION g FIGURE A-2.2
. LOG OF BORING SF-2 (SHEET 3 OF 3)
I A...... 1 :_
i t BORING SF-3 h
I %
Q g
O
, s$ s art r.sn ,
?
k/
V kI h t
hh
{
- ]
- 4 h
gQ S w90LS SUMAC [ ELEVA TION 851.1 NORTHt 61 + 46 [AST> 9 + S S DESCRIPTIONS 1
N I
c l 'L * "
'L. . ;;LT ("E l .T Sil F fl (f !LL) 9 - g$O
. l t
! l l .
\
5 - - - * '
- ,l ML 2
I
- 845 0
j:
/g _ __ _ _ ,
2 3 -
ll i l GREE 1 wit
- TR ACE CR" Ah1C5 A!.0 0.2' Fl%E SA10 LEs5E WK CD Av t hw-tE0w% $1LTY CLAf klT* CCCi$10%AL Fl%E SAAB ~
I LE43L5 (PECip CtNSE) (GLACIAL DEP051TS-U4DIFFERENT14TED) j$ -- .
4 3
- - 835 I
, , , , REDDl5M-6ADWM F lh[ 1ANDY CLAY (RE SIDouM) 20 -- - -
e3 . , ,
rinE octDalrit sAno wiTw rRACE
,i',,*:(f ,,,,,,,-vEtLow ri=E To c-E wE sitiv.,ERto Ar uten rE rR AmTs noc5E) - SJO (EETREMELY mE ATHEREp. ALTERED DCLOMITE)
I 25 A
' '.N
- Jf.
- N.
f SM
- 825 I r' ,,-Lt h GPO#
JO -
u)SLE IT- 5 08"AT104 DCL'/'17 - E JFF; Fl%E LY C8YSTALLINE . T414 TC PECi p
- E DDED.
I R ACT>E S AND m3 k'E AT*E AE3 TELLCW AhD LLCALLY TO A
_ ggg DL LOPITIC 5AND; LCS LE SS T% 5 , ristCl%T To 0.05':
SLIGNTLY TO PCDER ATELY WE AMS[D I TE C-E*T W;LEs 0.05 TC 0.15' GRA3E I?e FRLM 29.0 TO 31.25' I
100 JS - -
59 "s a'a ts n~E Fao 27.75 TO 3T.25-
- 8/5 40 -- - -
- *CR IZCNTAL Ta ACTSE1 G7 AX VELLDW /*tD $ ANDy F#0m 39.8 TO 49.I' I 45 -- "
g 5
Pl4 GREEN SWALE FART 14GS CRADE 1% FROM 41.2' 1.0' CPE4 kJ* A 9 CAL FRACT;;RE FROM 86.1' I
4 - 805 4
50 - - -
.r; 0.c2 CREEu s*E rARTiuc mM 5o.5-
=.
I
- 800 55 - -
- 795 60 - -
GJTTE%PERG FORMAf f C4 i
DCLOPI TE - e vFF ; f i'.ELY CRv5TALLikt , T*lN TO PE;l p !EJCEC ; _ 7pg I
~TLOCisa-P=064 A%3 t ELLOd $ HALE Pt.o fl%CS folg 70 0.02' .
t s,
M . s LE3; . . 5.r? Fc t .T Tc C.02* : Wa l TE l
65 --
,, y L. uf att5. c.c2 TO 0.05 ; tti -Tt. MC A5
- A T-E l M.tn
(, J e 0.c5' sR==is*-cREta ctu sto rRCa 6c.8' PLA"TE 7I LLE '* ? E J ,l P55, elLL T F . !!C .
KL.or i tt 8 ,t F AND GR AY; F B I.E LY Cav5TALLi%E. Bl4 TO Mr ClJ4 I
g t E DCE D : VX5 LESS T"AM $ Fl4*Cisi 70 0.01'; CCC AS12kAL walTE CPERT nod.LES. 0.05 TO 0.15' . SLI .9TLt wtATuf RED i
?0 80RINC COMPLETED AT A DEPTH OF 69.5 FEET CM 12-11-81 O CA58teG U$ED TO A CEPTDs CF 25.0 FEET.
wArER LEwit uor PECornto.
I ho L055 0F CIRCULATION.
I O
N i
n I so BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION r
E FIGURE A-2.3
, E LOG OF BORING SF-3 I (SHEET 1 OF 1)
l y
A..,,,,,,
3
) i }i d
._ :, B0 RING SF-4 h I
sunnet neanos ess ,
!!N" #tle.
~ ,, s C r? E'r p: H } }$*
u Soar + si + 64 resr, s+ii %
?c , har r: d s
'~ e a t- *
- y - gQ s wsois orsenianons _ g55
,g i NIllth GP Af a% inavh4 CLA'L 7 h4LT mfla TW ACE A5*E h.
WOCD TR Au'EhT5 (5TI F F) (F ILL) 15 3 '
RE0015*-940w4 F INE 5AseDY CLAf (RE 51Duom)
CL I
/g VE LLDm15*-6 ROW 4 SILTV F14E DCLQas TIC 1AND WITH TRACE
- 845 4%, FINE TD CCAM5E WE ATkEPED OCL0 MITE FRAGPENT5 (PEtl# DENSE) f ee (ERTpta'ELY wt ATHE RED. ALTERIO DOLOPI TE)
'1, I
GRADE 5 VELLOW FROM 11.0' ( DRY DE NSE )
S h *Q SM
/5 - - - - --- -- --
- 840
- V.,
- s:
I 20 --- -- - -
x
'4
- ^LE"^ 'RooP 3UNLE ITw rcan ATI^N
- 835 WL971 TE E J f ; 'Ett (** ST ALLI NE ; Talk TO MEDI A PE DCE D; 4 * /d f .,Pf 5 A*.3 . 'G5 hE AT E P E D *E LL;w AM LGC/4 TO Lv A 00L0mlTit 540; t.G5 LESS T-AN 5 ' . Pl%f cIwT TO 0.02* ; SLIGrTLv To I 25 '" 5 M00t R ATE L Y hE A T*E*E n
-iTE C-E" =ca.u S e5 io o.i5 ;a Act n oo, zi.i TO )s.s - 8Jo I
EPOS EN 20hE S FReM 29.4 TO 32.2' AND IROM.2 TO 33.9' 30 -- C_ - 825 s
=
'* "5 g
I 35 - _- _ _
- 820
%. 0.4' kE ALED $V6vERTIC AL TRACTUPE FROM 35.9' McR1204TAL FRACTUAE5 GRACE YELLOW AhD 1ANOV FROM 36.8 TO 58.28 r-c 40 - -
g - 8/5 l 45 - -- 100 63 Z Or Twin CREEts 5eALE FAATI%5 GRACE 1% soon 41.}e
- 810 E
I 50 - - 2 NORIZUNTAL FRACTJPE SURF ACES DELLDw AhD 1ANov 1707 50.7 to St.)'
- 805
~ I 55 --- -- -
,,, 3, W
O.01
- G7 EE4 5- ALE *aA T eu racm $3.2' 0.c2' uu s 5-Au einG nom 5,.)-
- 800 Y_
I 60 - - R
; 0.01' LaE!w $~ ALE P AP TI%5 AT E).1. 63.S. AND %.2'
- 795 I
.+
g' CUTTE4 BERG FORP ATIC4 g,9 . 65 --- - - e W
*tc*i TE - suFr. ri Etv Cu$rAui=E; mi= to *EDita eEcoED; RESDl5H-880w4 ANO YELLCW SMALE FARTi4G5 Tn84 TO 0.02';
- 790 i- vvG5 LESS Twah 5 . PinPC IhT TO 0.02* ; OCCASICNAL wh lTE
" CHE R T 4CDULE S, 0.02 T3 0.10', SLIGHTLv .E ATM RED O.1' ORCw415M-GAEEN ELAY SED FROM 64.8' I N Q
70 --- - 99 33
'G PLATT1vlEEE CaovP e
.w u Sai ritt FcR-Afica T L* ; 't SUF F A49 GR AV ; Fl%Elv CRv574LLl4F Thig TC *EDlup BEDf. RED. VUG 5 LESS TwAh 5'-. PIMPC INT Ta 0.01 * ; CCC A51CMAL whlTE CMERT 40DulES, 0.35 TO 0.15* ; SLIGMTLY wE ATwf RED
- 785 I
SONING COMPLETED AT A DEPTM OF 74.) FEET On 12-92-81 N 75 C Asi'.G uSE D To a cE rT* of 29.o rEE T. - 700
" WATE R LE hE L es0T RE CCADE D.
j PARTI AL LC55 0F CIRCutATicas FRon $5.0 FEET. m
-r BYRON STATION I $
SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l FIGURE A-2.4 LOG OF BORING SF-4 g (SHEET 1 OF 1)
. . . . . i :. e 80 RING SF-3 g y ' * ' '
d i n fuD I 1h ii suaract titvarios essr gy ",;M . ..n'. . . u ?? H :5 H ,; uoaru 4e+87s tasr 33+e3 % Q* / 8 h { 1' f N $YV80L h & CESCRIPr10NS O vtLL0kl5m-BN,w4 bl Lif f l %E TD ME Di # 5A%L WIT
- Ta ACE f l4E TD CC AP5E GR AVEL ("E Dl Je DEtit) ( f lLL) 5 -- -- - -
- 865 I /0 - -- - -
25 3 FILL
- 860 I /5 - - --
$$ 3 r
4'; ML cus CnAT n=E m noie sAnov seu wim nAu nd 5Amo LENSES (MAADI YELLOWISW-geowg CLAYEY Flht TO N0 lum $ANO wtN TRACE
-855 Ff hE TD (QAA$t GRAVEL (Loc 5E)
I go
"*'" 5 25 G, = 2.73 .- -
ir o 7.7 93 '
$p SC-gy - 850 Q:..
I 25
# 414 5'zt 3.3 25 3 91 3 vEttowises-emowes slLiv FINE TO MEDIP 00LcalTIC $AND WIT 4
"^"sEl (DE u
"**'*SE**'"'"8""'""'"'5 (EETPEWLv WE AhERED, ALTERED 00Lo'plTE) - 845 SM I Jg . ._ -
e s,,. a GAuhA GROUP t' < iE lfw 70AMT104
- 840 I
gdg _ _. . Opt 0=t Tf - Buf F. F l%E LY Cav$7ALLINE : T*lm TO PEClam BEDDED:
- 8J$
FRACTvaE5 AND WVG$ w( ANERED TELLow MD LDtALLY TO A 00LomITIC SAND; VUG 5 LES$ NAh 5". PimPel4T TO 0.058 - 99 0 SLIGHTLV TO MODERATELY WE ANERE9 g ADLT PRO
- EN ZONE F90M 35.2 TO 39.)*
NCRIZO4TAL FRAC Tg*E EvRFACE S C8 ALE TELLOW AhD SAhDY FRCM )$.2' I 45
=
C C
~ 825
'00 80
~ 0.95' CPEh wt AT-EEED VERTICAL TR ACT>E f rom 46.05' I 50 -- -
X 2
~
c .. To . , s . , , , A 0 ca A, C-Ear %us c m si. - 8?O rm 50.7 Te sa.v I 55 - - - - 91 ;*
=
~
~ 8/5 I 60 - -
'x 0 0.01 TO 0.15' W-ITE R.D CR AY Cr*E AT N03 LES GR A;E 14 5*0" 58.1 TO 62.75'
"**""""*'* ' BIO I 65 --
E, . g g ^ 805 3 52 0 b I s O I 70 - 98 25 3 o ,, ou, s,.Au ,A.T. .a co ,, .. 10... - 800 O I N n 4 75 - - "'a ' x ""T' * )
- 795 I BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION g FIGURE A-2.5 LOG OF BORING SF-5 I (SHEET 1 OF 2)
I . , , . . . > . BORING S F-5 (CONT'D) $
..... : . r , et I S g
c,... rm s '-l,y 'a 9
's :*/
',/
y. g
- d. 5. $! li q' n y y i
i r :- 'r
=
a J srusois ctscmenows 3D d 73 lI 80 - - -- - - { 0.2' *E ALE D vta TICat re ACT,eg FacM 82.0'
~ 790 I 85 - -- -- -
O.4' vt #TICAL FS ACT 9( $EM Ik O' . C P(4 TC 84.2 ' . P4 TI ALLY C Pt M T1 84.4'
- 785
~.
I QQ _ - _ - - - - -.
~ fgQ I
GLTTENBEM FORMATION 09 b9 mmmemum MG Buf f. FINELY CllYSTALLitt ; TMit 70 PEDIJia BEDMD; RL LC 15re-BROWN. CRE E N. AhD VE LLCW 5 PALE PARTINL 5, 7414 TO
. 0.02'; vbG5 LESS THAM 5 . Plus% shi T0 0.02'; otCA51chAL - 775 WHITE Cntaf EDAES, 0.02 70 0.05'; MCDikATELT WE ATbE AED Tkl's 580wNlta < LE4 CLAY SE D Facn 93.be gaCat t FCNE FeOM 96.1 TO 97.7' I
TMit 940W8H 5M-LDEtt CLAY DE D FROM 97.)'
.%d PLATTT VtLLE 4ROUP
/00 eC; euici, nitL scantie.
Dr L PPl i tut F AhD C# Av ; FINELY CPV5fALList; Thlt TO PE0 lum
- 770 htL0tD. vug 5 LESS TbAN ST PihPQ1NT TO C.01'; OCCA510%AL 89 54 wplTE Aho LRAv Ceter incovLES. 0.05 To c.158 ; Mcot RATE LY D wtATwf agg I R GRADE 5 PIMPQlui vugs LESS THAN $T AND $LIGHTLV wt ATHERED
/05 --
-r FRcM sc2.v - 765 22E
=
84 53 2
- 1 cals; C0"PLE TED AT a Otpr4 05 109.) (Ef f 04 12-15-81.
I //O C Asi .c aE n r0 A ot PT. c 35.o rELT. WATIM LE lit le0T atCO*Df D, 57 LC55 CF CIRCULATION FRCM 35.2 FI ET. ICT, LG55 CF C IRCULATION FROM $9.) FE L T.
- 760 I
I I I I I - 0 1 I O N l C) 4 l
- BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l FIGURE A-2.5 LOG OF BORING SF-5 l (SHEET 2 OF 2)
1 I p A..... d i ._ 4i d e 80 RING SF-C h , I j% 3 , % sowact a m nos e69 5 3 4 ;,'n,* c'.Z'.* . s C/ H U ; u Noare 4s+ie s resr 33+e A k "'
'1/
3 I'f 'l 2 ji (Gi4
), 5 gR sFueot s otscmpnONS d
O I F 14E TG *E LI .M 5A%D w t T* f* ACE TE LL0u f thE t lAP TO CC +-*SEpO CP *A.'li L T'E L ("E D I Jr' LL 45E ) ( # ILL) I 5 -- - -
- 865 , is a FILL to - - - - -- ._ - 860 r 16 a a
I 75
-a sat u3 7 a a j.g ,
g SM SRCwM 51LTV Fleet TO MEDluM 5AND WITw TRACE 80C15 (L00$f)
- 855 I y entw (Livtv F ew To aEDlJM $AhD (pt0lJM DEhSE) go _ . - - - _ __
3
- 850 e.m sut is n is a 6C '"" "*"'$' ** " '"*"
s.6 { 3M 25 -
,f' ' ###
63 a YELLC*l5"-Se0W4 $lLTY FINE DC'LOMITIC 1Aw0 wlTN TRACE FlhE
.',[* ,+
TO COAR5E wf AfbERED 00LOMITT FRA4MENTS (vtRT CEMLE) (E s taE ar ty WE AT4sEp. ALnRED 00tDal'E) gy 30 -- .- -- h' -840
^" 5' zt 5"" ht " 5 ' ' ' O i s.6 27 a m ML '**' 5 ' "' " '"" ' ' "
- p. vf LLCW15H-840W4 FlW 70 *(CluM DCLOMITIC 5A40 NERY DEN 5E) 4 SM (E TRE.<tv ear 4no. AtrEno Coto,' ire)
I
- 835
.AtlesA GRCUP DUhlE I TH #0RMATION I $1 9 (F LCSI M : Saf f; FIMLY CRYSTALLINE; Talm TO MEDlJM SEDDED.
' P AKTAE5 AhD vug 5 vf ATHERED VELLGs AND LOCALLv TO A gg _ . _ _ .
__ g. DClos'Ifit $AND; VUGS LE 55 T Ale 5 7.. PihPolmi 70 0.05'; _ gyg I SLsGHTLv TO MODERATELY wt ATkEFED ' l . 0.2 5 ' wa TE C4RT IE DULE FROM 36.$'
/* Z t'L A IZCNT AL FRACTu#E SJF ACE 1 caj.CE vlLLOW AND 5Ah0V FROM 36.7$'
W- 0.15' Etown CLAv ZCht FACM 40.85' O N r - gg$ 45 -- - 5 I 50 --- -- - - - I 2
~
;g.
E: 0.3' WE AT~EBE3 Cftes $ $ iT A TIC AL F8 ACTtat Fs3M 49.9' , g20 r I - ~ ~ ' ' ~' 75 38 E% O.15
- C4MT %00sLE FROM $4.k*
O 10' f acV4 C-I ti f CD.LE f p0M 56.3' _ gfy 3.)' t ROF E 4 ZC'.E FROM 56.2 T3 59.6* I 91 61 BPOw' i Ah3 'walTE C"ER T 'C .LES LR ADE la FROM $6.2 To 59.6* r 1 So __. - - c - 8/O 2 I 65 - - - - - 3R
~ #0E I O I
di 31 5
'2 W
0.3' uf ALED 5st vEN TICAL F R ACTSE 8 90M If.h'
*aACT at s;r Arts enow = Asa SAev r=ca 73. ) To 15.4'
- 800 O *e '.
M O.20' CPE % vlP TIC AL f 8 ACT.*E FPL* i *.1 ' I o.25' -E ALEa sta fiC AL re AcT>E F=o= n.5' g 7g ._ __ (*cAlsG CcwTav E D) - 795 e-1 CO 4 I
- BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l FIGURE A-2.6 LOG OF BORING SF-6
, (SHEET 1 OF 2)
I a , .., ,g , BORING S F-6 (CONT'D) hm _ e. I Q c,.s e
- e. "
we ae i' ::. - c p'e n n' a y j t, m it n u
'r t=
( e if Q sres ns orscmptrors p h I O0 - ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ 1 96 52 0 a 650* t4 IN .i T* 2.65 it* TICAL *a AC T3[ CLC5t3 f R0m StA
- fgQ TO 2 3.1 ', C et w rp ea P 3.1 TO %. 2 '
I g-
; f P ACTcRf Sem f ACE 5 28N4 AhD SACf t h0m $1.$ TO 81.0'
.~-,--
- 785 B5 - - -- 32 64 g
. . , , c,E , a a r , c,1,, yr,E ,a, ,53, I
Tel4 G8EI'e SM ALI FW fis;,5 ;Act Ig paon 87.5' gg _-- --- -__ . . - - _
$ ~ 00 m
5 I 95 - - - - - - - """'"*'**nc. - 775 m l*G DC Duf 8 FINf LV Cav5fALLlest ; N e w T0 seE Di ur' BE DDE D;
~
' *E LLi s*e Acwie - It es. Ak0 YE LLUW 5**ALI Pamil8:45. TM14 TC O.02'; vi>G5 Lt L5 1*AM 5;. PitPCitT TO 0.02', OCCA5104AL le*et it C*t a T pa;Dutf 5 0.02 TO 0.05'; sLIC.iTLY wt Afl*E FED I /00 100 23 E
0.05
- 8 moi,415+t-Got t 4 CLAf 9ED FRori 95.Q'
' ' ' 8""""""
TMit tecwmj 5x.gmi Els CLAf SED f *0n 98.b' PLAT 7 vittt w aouP ibla'38v Pitt FO*MAflCN Dr Lr. sal 'T : f > 7 AND GR AY : f lNFLV C#75f ALLINE : TH14 TO PEDlJM
- IIO I
Bi C M L . c05 L PikPC l47 TD 0.01'; OCCA5 tchA
/05 - -- - w-' Aao Ln,E S5 THAN 5 (,C ur atES. 0.05 TO 0.i5 ; axuftt,L _7g st A f =E 6E D 92 82 GAAM5 P14P0lNT WUG5 Lils THAN SL A40 SLIGHTL' wtA76etatD FRom 104.18
//p 90818eG C0atitTt0 AT A DEPN OF 109.6 Fit? Cu 12-14-81 ~ 7G0 C AllNG USE D TO A DE PN CF 35.0 f tE T.
waft A LE Vf L leQT RECC#DE D. SM LOS$ OF Casti/LATices #Rea 35.5 FEf f. LOW PlaCENT RIC0VERV AND ACD WALut5 FOR f**t InttavAL FROM 59.6 TO 69.6 FE lf wf at Mf CWAhlCALLY st LATED. TM 14NFR S AaR{ L 010 se07 LLLK 1mTO P051TicM PelLA TO CORf 4G AND TFt CCRE mA$ I GR0th0 t;P WHILE TM DRILL 70CL5 WERE ADWANCEO. I I O, O I N n i I e o BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l FIGURE A-2.6 LOG OF BORING SF-6 g (SHEET 2 OF 2)
l l e A..
"" i _ e BORING SF-7 ga l yg ,1 i gi d , fs suRract Etryanos ess 7 W
& t y o' O fil $ SYMBOL S MSCR'PHOVS r usis--mwi' sitTv Fiw to nai- sA'.D wi f. T re ert T0ccAnstTeatL unto 5 --- -- -- -
- 865 I IO - - - - - -- -
FILL
- 860 I /5 Gaalt slFF i) 9 7 3 DARR BRCwis $1LTV FI'st 70 atDip SA40 blTW TRACE CLAY
- 855 G, = 2.67 .. ' 'C'
- SM I
< tooso Cam sizt 3 i4 is.s 6 a Y s- ring 70 20 -- - -
; z enown coastCLAvry ca Av L rins 70 me,cie suo wim TuC (Lacsa - 850
"' 5 5'M 16 12 9.4 *i i33 ,
cuots soie etnst I
*'. sin 19 15 IJ.9 21 2 bC* LAvta oF sacw's stLTv (LAr wine sceit n'sE 25 G. - 2. M , -i SM 70 coast sAao atu sTiro - 845
, e, m sin i. si 3. 2 is a
,_,,,,g,,,,g I yg *: si tr
' ' ' st 2E is 32 i6 go 11.3 93,9 52 a g9 3 1 -
w e i sSM ML
,, tt y , ., ,c,, , , L , ,, ,, ,uc , n ,, ,,,, g, ,,
vg ttow g 5 _ grown $1 LTV FHe[ DCLOPITIC 1ANO wifW TRA 10 c0Aess wr AT*sato ocLO i rt rnacat=Ts (ant.e et,ctwtFI'eE ALTs AED DCLoplTE) _ g40 A rnt Rt o, LAlf 4A G803 I JS w' M - 835 o +Le i f- rowTm 48 0 XL*lII' B A F ; FINElf CR)STALLINE ; Tbl4 70 MEDlJ" Bf DDEDi F AACTc+ES A40 vwCS wtATkE3t2 YELL:7w Amp LCCALLt Tc A DCLOPt flC 1AhD-. VZ$ LE SS T* AN 5 . PinPol*T TO 0.05'; SLl >TLY TO MOLER ATILY 'at AT't#ED BR0att 20NE5 Fa0M 33.1 TO 34.f ' AND 35.2 TO 39.5' 40 I 80Riz04TAL FuCLRE $w* RACES LP ADE YELLOW Ah3 SAhtY FR D'I ),.3'- 830 0.k' OPE 4 S evtRTIC AL lt ATkEptD FRACT AE Fa0M 42.08 0.c5' GR Av CaERT hCD ;tt raon 42.1' 54 0 45 - 825 I 50 -- ta is N n
? - 820 0.)' BROWM CLAY BEL FROM $2.P' 94 $7 . .
CCC A510NAL 0.05 TO 0.15' CRAf Cwf RT hCD.L[$ (# ACE IN FROM 54.4' 55 - -
- - 8/5 2
c 3 saaern zow r** 59.3 To 59.e 60 - - 5 ~ 8 /O n c w,irr C Ent nc trs cace Is ..c 63.3' I poets zCa'c r 0 63.910 es.s' SS S
- goS C t#T %CDLLE5 ;P40E OwT **cm 67.8' 89 0 l 70 --
- 800 7 N -
T-li CP-[4 $m ALL Pt.DT14C5 C.AADE 14 FR OM s 2.6' O Bac't= zest reca :3.25 Tc 14.80' l 93 20 1.I' CPt% WI ATut*E 3 kERTICAL F= AcTwet r=0m /3.48 (80 RING CLWTIMcEC) i n n , g BYRON STATION SOLUTION FEATURE INVESTIGATION l l FIGURE A-2.7 LOG OF BORING SF-7 l (SHEET 1 OF 2)
I j,,,,,,,,, wn
, _ BORING SF-7 (CONT'D) g
; n a g I h k
75
- ': ,4ft.
Tas/h V*!/ jf
+
Q
!! l[ $
j rr 'I n' 2 v SrWBOLS CESCRIPT10NS t I 80 - - - - -- - -- - - R - 790 I alGHLT WI AT f *E D GPEN 5.9.t AflC AL f p ACT jpl$ TR0p 43.2 TO 29.)' gj _ _ _ _ . . - - - - - - . -. Is s
~ S$
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I I , l l i l I I APPENDIX B LETTERS FROM DRS. FOLLMER AND KOLATA, l I ILLIN0IS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY l 1
- I
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State Geological Survey Division Natural Resources Building 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 217/344-1481 December 21, 1981 DAMES & MOORE Mr. Charles Kuntz DEC 2 01981 Senior Geologist Park RidSe, Illin ,is Dames and Moore 1550 NW Highway Park Ridge, IL 60068
Dear Mr. Kuntz:
(' Thank you for the opportunity for Dennis Kolata, Chris Stohr and me to visit the trench exposure on Commonwealth Edison's property at the Byron Station on December 14. In response to your request for a stratigraphic interpretation of the trench exposure, I have prepared a sketch with a few notes. Enclosed is a copy of the sketch which shows the relative stratigraphic relationships we observed. The stratigraphic relations of soil horizons and geologic materials we saw in the trench are normal for the area. In general, Wisconsinan loesses and colian sand cover the uplands of the area. The Sangamon Soil underlies the Wisconsinan deposits and is the feature that permits us to interpret and correlate the position and character of the paleo-ground-surface during Sangamonian time. Radiocarbon studies in Illinois indicate the age of Sangamon surface is older than 45,000 years. We believe that the main interval of Satgamon Soil formation was about 75,000 to 125,000 years ago. In most places around tLe trench area, the Sangamon Soil is developed in sandy Illinoian till. The till is older than about 125,000 years and might be as old as 200,000 years or more. 4 The Illinoian deposits in the trench overlie a clayey residuum that is typical of the area. The significant portion of the residuum is pre-Illinoian in age and some of it may be as old as Tertiary. However, in places such as the trench site, where the residuum is within about 15 feet of the surface, the " residuum layer" continues to receive illuviated clay from the overlying soil horizons. This mobilized clay tends to accumulate at the base in contact with the dolomite because of a rapid rise in pH. In the main foundation excavation of the Byron Station a few years ago, humic material was extracted from clay collected at the contact with the dolomite that yielded a radiocarbon age of about 4000 years. The dolomite below the residuum is altered to a massive, single-grained sand that ranges up to a few feet in thickness. The altered dolomite in the trench appeared to be relatively thick, although I did not measure it. The geologic interpretations that we can draw from the trench exposure are fairly clear. Internal sediment loss down a swallow hole must have been a factor in the formation of the initial depression. Preferential dissolutioning of the dolomite does not satisfactorily explain the unique sediment wedge in the Roxana position.
g..-_____________ I Mr. Charles Kuntz December 21, 1981 Page Two The slope on the Sangamon surface in the trench indicates that a depression existed during Sangamonian time. It appears to have been larger than the depression on the present ground surface because the top of the south side of the trench is nearly level. During early Wisconsinan time it appears that the deposition of the Roxana clogged the system. During this time of approximately 75,000 to 28,000 years ago, the wedge of colluvial-alluvial sediments accumulated. Later, beginning about g 25,000 years ago, the Peoria Loess was laid as a blanket across the depression g causing little change in the landform other than some degree of filling the depression. Soil horizons are nicely expressed in all the materials in the trench. This indicates
? ,
that they are in. place and have suffered from no more than slow settlement and some compaction._ We. saw no evidence of structural deformation, fault planes or mass movement.of materials. In summary, I saw no evidence to suspect that a reactivation of soil swallowing or a
- s. x collapse is likdly. 'From what we saw in the trench, it appears that the depressional landform has been stable for about the last 75,000 years. For your information I am enclosing a copy of the Stop 5 discussion from a guidebook I prepared in 1978. It contains Quatornary. data and discussions from sites that are very near the trench site and ifcludes a 'surffcial deposits map of the area.
,I I you want more e.iplanntion or have further questions, I will be glad to help in any
, ; way I can. -
x
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- g*LeonR.Follmer
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!!ydrogeology and Geophyeien Section
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38 STOP 5 - PARR AND GRISWOLD SOILS ON A WOODFORDIAN EROSION SURFACE Geology Stop 5 is located on a thin drift-covered bedrock controlled topo-I graphy about one mile cast of a glacial spillway shown on Figure 1-1 (and Map 3). This part of the Rock River Valley was established during the last glacial advance (Woodfordian) that affected northern Illinois (Anderson, 1967). A variable thickness of eolian deposits mantle a discontinuoua,distri-bution of at least two tills and one lacustrine deposit. Approximately 30 to I 40 percent of the area has just eolian deposits overlying dolomite bedrock. The colian deposits are loamy to sandy (Parkland Sand) but in a few isolated localities, the deposits are silty enough to be called 1: 2ss (Peoria Loess). Paleosols commonly are found developed in both tills and in the dolomite but their occurrences have been unpredictable. In a coordinated effort by the Commonwealth Edison Company, Sargent and Lundy Engineers, Dames and Moore geologists, Illinois Environmcntal Protection Agency, U.S. Soil Conservation Service and the Illinois Geological Survey, a detailed surficial deposits map of the Byron area was prepared (Figure 5-1). The grid shown on Figure 5-1 is composed of 16 one square mile sections with section I numbers indicated in the upper right hand corner of each section. The detailed map units are largely based on soil map units prepared at a scale of 1:15,840 and consequently the figure suffers from a scale reduction. The location of I cross-section A-A' (Figure 5-2) is shown on the igure. Importcut geological patterns are outlined by the heavy lines which I group together geologically translated soil map units into units with a common parent material. The map unit symbols express the materials that are expected to occur within the top 10 to 20 feet. However, the symbol syste a is limited to the upp a three units for simplicity. This means that only one till is identified, Iv which in many places is thinner than 10 feet. Symbols with an "0" indicate that Ordovician dolomite occurs widhin 20 I feet of the ground surface. Where0isoverlainby"p15"or"p5",itmeankthat 5 to 15 feet of Parkland Sand or Peoria Loess overlie the dolomite. or p/0 indicate 2 to 5 feet of eolian deposits overlie the rock. Where 0 occurs Units pl/0 f I by itself, it is an outcrop of dolomite with less than 2 feet of cover in most places. The prefix "x" stands for an unnamed palcosol developed immediately over b or in the top of the material unit. The x0 is commonly called residuum, but in this area it often contains erratics suggesting that it is, in part, derived from I an older drift. The sandy tills are given the symbol "u" which stands for unnamed, undifferentiated sandy till. In the many studies on tills in this area the only mappable property of this till unit was its loan to sandy loam texture. The unoxidized color is gray and oxidized colors range from pinkish brown to yellowish I brown. Clay mineralogy is often constant within a sampling site but often can not be correlated between adjacent sites. One way of explaining this apparent pattern is having one till with marbled components of yellowish brown till (local source) and pinkish brown till (distant source). In some locations it appears I that certain weathering conditions favor the formation of one color or the other. I
I~ '39 I I I i R. IOE i R. IIE t I t'r'" '.::::" l1*:'.
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I l g 0 V g ; ; ,e Figure 5-l. R. IOE R. IIE SURFICIAL DEPOSITS OF BYRON AREA, OGLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS I ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOG CAL SURVEY I I I
40 I " - A' A I
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20,0 0 f t I Figure 5-2. NORTH-SOUTH CROSS-SECTION, BYRON AREA, OGLE COUNTY, ILLINOIS I . ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY "g" is correlated to the Esmond Till, although Stop 5 The silty till is beyond the mapped border of the Esmond (Frye et al., 1969). This correlation is based on properties which are essentially identical in morphology and lithology to the Esmond Till in its type area of northeastern Ogle County. However, in several locations in the area, a well developed paleosol (Sangamon Soil) has been found in the top of the Esmond. A nearly continuous tract of paleosol in I.~ Esmond is located in section 7. A radiocarbon age was determined on the humys to be 181910 - I fraction of the buried A-horizon from two cores which came outsuchawelldevelopeysoil 200 years B.P. (ISGS 401). It is not possible that could have formed at this age, the coldest period in the Wisconsinan Stage. samples were taken from about a two meter depth, beneath leached loess with a few The argillan coated joints. The soil is obviously much older but was contaminated by the argillans or by handling the sample. , A proglacial lacustrine silt frequently underlies the Esmond in this I area places, (shown on the cross-section but not on the map). This silt is laminated in contains numerous drop stones, and locally is rich in aquatic snails. In the foundation construction of the south' cooling tower at the Byron Nuclear Power I Station, in the southeast corner of section 13, a large section of the silt was exposed. Snails were collected from this silt for a radiocarbon measurement. The makeup of the snail collection was about 90 percent Lymnaea which were exclus-ively picked for the age determination. The results turned out to be >36,500 years B.P. (ISGS 378). This age eliminates the possibility of the silt correlating to the Morton Loess of Woodfordian age. The circumstances suggest that the Esmond Till is also older than 36,500 years old. Underlying the silt at the cooling I tower site is a pinkish yellow-brown sandy loam till which is probably Ogle Till, but has been called Argyle. I
I. 41 Argyle Till of early Wisconsinan age has been mapped as the surficial till in the area of Stop 5. A pinkish brown sandy loan till is exposed under the soil in many parts of the area, but it can be stratigraphically traced I under the Esmond which must be Illinoian in age. An explanation for this is that more than one till with similar lithologic properties can occur in different stratigraphic positions. But here a miscorrelation of Argyle and Ogle has probably been nade because they have a similar color and texture. The most important geological question in eastern Ogle County deals I with the stratigraphic placement of the Esmond Till. No evidence for arguing that two tills with the properties of Esmond Till exist except for the one radiocarbon date discussed at Stop 4. In reviewing past work concerning the problem, a relationship has become clear. Where the Sangamon Soil was found, I generally to the west of the mapped Esmond border, the till in question has been interpreted to be Illinoian. But where the Sangamon Soil was found to be missing, generally east of the mapped border, the till was interpreted to be Esmond. Therefore, the Esmond Till is Illinoian and its distribution is basydontheabsenceoftheSangamonSoil. In reality, the Sangamon is not always absent, but occurs with a low frequence of observation. Two of the areas with a general absence of the Sangamon Soil are along the Rock River I Valley and in the front of the Bloomington 5torainic System in northeastern Ogle County. These were areas subjected to severe geologic erosion during the early Woodfordian which removed the Sangamon Soil. This event correlates in time with an erosional event of comparable magnitude in Iowa. Soil Geomorphology The soils in the area around Stop 5 are complex and difficult to map. The map units on the current map are impure because of significant changes in the parent material over short distances. However, in translating the soil map units into geologic units, a relatively simple pattern appears which reveals the stratigraphic sequence of the parent materials. The materials in descending order are eolian deposits (Parkland), silty till (Esmond), sandy I till (Ogle), and bedrock (Ordovician dolomite). The sequence of soil map units i y [t mca lg[ f stics [,. % j. 4#y I which shows this outcrop pattern can be , , , seen on Figure 5-3. The ridge topsoil, m ...f;i t. unit 221 (Parr), is developed in 50 to , j g s7 100 cm of loamy material cverlying calcareous Esmond Till. On the side W,. /
/
g l D s h 4\ y. h-l
"" slopes, units 27, 361, and 363 (Criswold) occur where loamy materials overlie sandy i'[' 's 'ma loam till. Lower on the slopes, units 410, 303, 504, and 506 occur where the
'8'*[ l a
dolomite is usually within 1.25 meters In unit 504, the b s ,{-[.' 7 nul h ' _ I of the surface. j I dolomite has less than 50 cm of loamy / g ig . cover and commonly outcrops. In other Y. U,',yca ' 1*x 2 ,, D 9,. areas a dolomite outcrop is indicated ,
.. A . ec8 nsg ..
by a checkmark. Units 410 and 506 con- wi c
- go ,
A f,Y ,R i 6f/ h,'Ida #/ tain a layer; of residuum or relict o _. / . g "eathered drift or both. , ['n u $ I O 1000ft
^
g . t m.u s wsw 50 % Figure 5-3. Soil >bp of Stop 5 Area I
42 I Virtually all of the colian material in the area shown on Figure 5-3 is loam. The next ridge top north of the figure is a linear sand dune at the I head of an cast-west trending valley. The colian loam reaches a thickness greater than 150 cm in the 440 and 570 units. The loan appears to choke some of the drainageways, such as the 440 unit just north of Stop 5, but it obviously I includes some loam derived alluvium. Discussion of Parr and Griswold Profiles Two profiles were studied at Stop 5 to characterize the soil developed on Esmond Till on the ridge tops and the soil developed on Ogle Till on the side slopes. A description of the Parr (221) profile sampled on the ridge top I is given in Table SA-1. Parr is classified as a fine-loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudoll. Tabic 5A-1. Parr Profile Description Parr Loam Depth Description Taeple Geologic Horizon
,tmit .t'r c )
I JL. e3 64 Parkland Sand Ap A3 O-15 20-28 1&iR 3/2 loam, granular, compacted 10YR 3.5/2 clay loam, blocky 65 B21 37-44 10YR 3/3 clay loam, blocky 66 cixed IIB 22 53-60 10YR 4/4 clay loam, blocky, few 3/2 argillans, leached I" 67 68 69 Escond Till IIB 3ca I I 21 60-67 75-82 90-100 10YR 4/4 clay loam, blocky, common 3/2 argillans, calcareous 7.5Y 5/4 loan, blocky, few 4/2 argillans, few 6/8 mottles, calcareous IIC22 107-117 2.5Y 5/5 clay loam, v. weak platy to blocky, few 6/8 tains, 70 " 71
" 125-135 calcareous i
IIC3 155-165 2.5Y 5/2 silty clay loam, v. weak platy to blocky, few 5/6 I 72 stains, few 2/1 stains, few root channels lined with 4/2 argillans covering secondary carbonates, calcareous sandy till IIIC2 200-240 10YR 6/6 pebbly sandy loam, nassive, calcareous 73 I Connents: 1. The clay content of the Esmond Till ranges f rom 25 to 40 percent in the area. t
- 2. Few pebbles are con =on in Esmond Till.
I 3. Sa=ples were collected from a Ciddings core through the gravel lane in the S W SVr, n$ Section 24 T. 24 N., R. 10 E., Ogle County. I I I
43 Table SA-2. Particle Size and Clay Mineral Data of Parr Pr file I Sa ple Depth Sand S,lt C l .iy Exp I K+C
;a- be r Horizon (c1) (') (' ) (') ( .)
I _ ( '. ) ( ) 63 Ap 0-15 35 44 21 10 69 21 64 A3 20-28 21 48 31 11 67 22
' 65 B21 37-44 21 39 40 15 64 21 66 11822 53-60 20 36 44 7 75 18 67 IIB 3ca 60-67 22 42 36 8 73 g 19 i
I 68 % 69
\
I IIC21 IIC21 75-82 90-100 23 20 49 52 28 28 l i' 10 8 76 82 14 10 70 IIC22 107-117 19 50 31 8 81 11 71 IIC22 125-135- 17 51 30 9 80 11 72 IIC3 155-165 13 52 33 8 80 12 73 IIIC2' 200-240 68 26 6 15 68 17 _ _ 61. c1., ., _ 1.; --<111 . _ - . 1,n,.. - _ 1.. PERCENT O 50 100
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44 I The loam component in the soil does not show up in the particle size data (Table SA-2 and Figure SA .1). The lowcr clay content in the A-horizon is largely pedogenic. A discontinuity does appear in the clay mineral data where I all three parameters change across the boundary. A lower illite content for the loam is expected when compared to the illitic Escond Till. The clay content of the B-horizon is high for Parr but in this setting, it may have inherited some of the clay from a paleosol or all of it from the till. The lower part of the Esmond is commonly over 40 percent clay, although in this I profile the clay content of the calcarcous till is less than 40 percent. Weather-ing on the Esmond has not had much effect on the illite content. The sand content of the IIIC2 horizon is higher than the normal range of 50 to 60 percent for the sandy tills in the region. The clay mineral results are typical of the I sandy tills in the region, which is that the values fall into the range for Capron, Argyle, or Ogle Tills. The descriptiori for the Griswold (363) profile is given in Table SB-1. The results of the study are presented in Table 5B-2 and Figure 5B-1. Griswold is classified as a fine loamy, mixed, mesic, Typic Argiudoll. Table SB-1. Griswold Profile Description I I Criswold Loam Sample Geologic Horizon Depth Description no. unit (cm) 5B-1 Parkland Ap 0-20 10YR 2/2 loam, granular, compacted I 5B-2 5B-3 Sand mixed A3 IIB 1 20-41 41-54 10YR 3/2 loam, granular, few 2/2 argillans, few pebbles 10YR 3/3 clay loam, blocky, cor-on 2/2 argillans, fgv pebbles 5B-4 lag? IIB 21 54-70 10YR 3/3 clav loan, blocky, f ew 2/2 argillans, few c ncretions, cornon pebbles i 5B-5 sandy till IIIB22 70-84 10YR 3/4 sandy clay loam, v. weak blocky, few 3/2 argillans, few 5/8 mottles, coenon pebbles, clay enriched zone at base, leached 1-5B-6 IIIC2 90-100 10YR 5/5 sandy loam, single grained, few pebbles, calcareous Comments: 1. The 11 rone saries in thickness in the area and includes weathered Es=ond up to 30 cm thick. l l
- 2. The 84-90 cn layer is a mix of weathered clay rich naterial, calcareous till and many pebbles.
l l 3. Sarples were collected from a large hand probe core in a cornfield north of gravel lane in the SV. SV; N W section 24, T. 24 N., R. 10 E., Ogle County. l l I , I
45 Table SB-2. Particle Size and Clay Mineral Data of Griswold Profile Srple Depth Sand Silt Cl;.y Exp I F +C hrber Harizon (c') ( 7. ) ( ) (~) (') (') (P) 5B-1 Ap 0-20 33 44 23 14 63 23 SB-2 A3 20-41 33 41 26 12 62 26 5B-3 IIB 1 41-54 44 27
} 29 32 49 19 5B-4 11B21 54-70 42 30 28 27 56 17 5B-5 IIIB22 70-84 54 20 26 20 65 15 58-6 IIIc2 90-100 60 30 10 21 63 16 i Exp- xpandable clay minerals; I--illite; K5C--kaolinite ani thlor ne I
I PERCENT O 50 100 I ^ E C L AY 3
)
! SILT 3 ,s* .
I 3 *
$ - ..**'..,* SAND w .
o % % . I. 100 - I Figure 5B-1. Particle Size Distribution of Griswold Profile The loam component in the Griswold profile is clearly evident in the particle size and clay mineral data. If it were not for the occurrence of loam derived soils such as 440 in the area, the A-horizon could be interpreted as I having an origin of pedogenic mixing of a thin loess deposit with the underlying material. The upper part of the B-horizon has formed in lag material. The data does not suggest any particular source for the lag. It is most likely to be a mixture of the local materials that have become pedogenically altered. In other I places within the same' map unit where this profile was sampled, layers or frag-ments of weathered Esmond were found that are " floating" in a matrix of sandy material. The IIIC2 horizon with 60 percent sand and 63 percent illite is typical for the values obtained from Argyle Till,but the values also fall into the range for Ogic Till.
(k$_ld~, lilinois institute of MW@ State Geological Survey Division % 4 yu a s Natural Resources Building l 615 East Peabody Drive Charrpaign, IL 61820 DAMES & MOOR _t 217/344-1481 December 24, 1981 DEC 311981 Mr. Charles Kuntz Park Ridge, Illinais Senior Geologist Dames and Moore 1550 NW Highway Park Ridge, Illinois 60068
Dear Mr. Kunts:
The following is a brief summary of my observations made on December 14, 1981, (. of the bedrock exposed in a trench situated just west of the Byron Nuclear Power Station in Ogle County, Illinois (Wh SE SW NW 13, 24N-10E). I The trench exposed an irregular bedrock surface overlain by a residuum of dark reddish brown clay and chert nodules that we believe is an insoluble residue I formed by weathering of the dolomite bedrock and by clay eluviated from the overlying surficial deposits (see Dr. Leon R. Follmer's letter of December 21, 1981, for a discussion of the surficial material) . Approximately the upper meter of the bedrock consists of deeply weathered unconsolidated dolomite sand that grades downward into indurated, medium grained, pale yellowish brown, relatively pure, cherty dolomite in beds up to 30 cm thick. The dolomite is assigned to the Champlainian (Middle Ordovician) Dunleith Formation of the Galena Dolomite Group. Based on the presence of the fossil Receptaculites, the part of the Dunleith Formation that was exposed was at least as high as the Fairplay Member where this fossil first occurs in abundance. The surface of the I(~ d bedrock was marked by a fairly steep-sided depression that was two to three meters deep where exposed. Although the sides of the trench had caved and covered the bedrock in places, it appeared from the attitude of bedding that the bedrock was I flat lying and not disturbed by local movement. catastrophic solution collapse of the bedrock. I saw no evidence of sudden or I also examined several bedrock cores that were taken within and adjacent to the depression. All of the cores penetrate the top of the Platteville Group, as well as a persistent 3 cm clay bed (probable bentonite) approximately 0.5 m above the I Platteville, thus providing good structural control. By correlating all of the cores and calculating the elevation of the structural datum (top of Platteville or clay bed) it should be possible to accurately determine if there has been displacement of the bedrock. I I
Mr. Charles Kuntz December 24, 1981 Page two Based on my observations of the trench and my experience working on the Middle I Ordovician rocks of northern Illinois, I believe that the most reasonable interpretation of the depression is that it was caused by solution widening of a pre-existing joint system in the bedrock. If you have any questions, I will h glad to help in whatever way I can. Sincerely yours, f(t a h ( Dennis R. Kolata Geologist Stratigraphy and Areal Geology Section cc: Mr. Al Yonk . Ic i l I I
I I i I I I I I
~
I APPENDIX C REPORT
' RATE OF SOLUTION ACTIVITY BYRON STATION - UNITS 1 AND 2 COMMONWEALTH EDIS0N COMPANY PREPARED BY SARGENT & LUNDY ENGINEERS I
I I I I I
APPENDIX C REPORT RATE OF SOLUTION ACTIVITY BYRON STATION - UNITS 1 AND 2 COMMONWEALTH EDISON COMPANY PREPARED BY SARGENT & LUNDY ENGINEERS INTRODUCTION An investigation was performed to determine a rate of solution activity for the Ordovician-age Galena-Plat +eville Dolomites at the Byron site. The investigation was performed by a search of the available literature on solution rates for carbonate rocks, contacts with geologists and hydro-geologists knowledgeable about solution activity in carbonate rocks, and analysis of Byron ground water for saturation with respect to dolomite and calcite. At the Byron site, the two most significant hydrologic units to solution activity are the glacial drift and the Galena-Platteville dolomites. Ground water occurs within the glacial drift in sand pockets and lenses, yielding a supply of ground water sufficient only for domestic use. Limestone i and dolomite fragments in the drift impart hardness and alkalinity to water in shallow wells. The drift is recharged by precipitation. The Galena-Platteville dolomites are recharged by precipitation infiltrating through the glacial drift. The carbonates of the Galena-Platteville groups are extensively fractured near the top, with solution enlarged joints near the bedrock surface, with the joints becoming tight with increasing depth. The ground water in the Galena-Platteville dolomites is generally hard. Yields from most wells completed in this unit range from
-C 10 to 50 gpm. The piezometric surface map (FSAR Figure 2.4-25) shows that the Byron station is on a potentiometric high, with ground water movement radially outward.
RATES OF CARBONATE SOLUTION ACTIVITY Freeze and Cherry (1979, p. 268) indicate that dissolution of carbonate rocks is probably imperceptible in terms of human history. . Franklin, et al. (1981) state that even though carbonate minerals are considered soluble, the actual magnitudes of their solubilities are low as shown by the time required to produce karst landscapes. Quantitatively significant carbonate solution may require periods of geologic time,1,000's or 10,000's of years (Franklin, et al . , 1981). Thrailkill (1981, personal communication) indicates that solution rates are not very well known and that geologic time periods are required for solutioning to be significant in carbonates. An example of sulution rates in carbonates is presented by Franklin, et al . (1981). Tney state that the maximum rate of dissolution of limestone at the North Coast Nuclear Plant No. I was conservatively estimated to be 1.5 cm/100 years. It should be noted that the rate of dissolution of the Galena-Platteville Groups at the Byron site should be even lower as dolomite is less soluble than calcite (limestone). CARBONATE SATURATION OF GROUND WATER An analysis was performed using water quality data for the Galena-Platteville Aquifer, presented in FSAR Table 2.4-27, to determine the
-C _- _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
I I degree of carbonate saturation of the present ground water. The degree of saturation indicates the ability of the ground water to dissolve carbonates. If the water is undersaturated with respect to calcite or dolomite, the ground water may have the ability to dissolve carbonate rocks. When the ground water is saturated with respect to calcite or dolomite, little calcite or dolomite can be taken into solution. Therefore, a carbonate saturated ground water will not dissolve carbonate rocks and little solution activity will occur. The method of analysis was to use the DUye-Huckel Equation to calculate the activity coef ficient of Ca++, HCO3 *, CO 2 ", and Mg++. The ion activity products of calcite (CACO ) 3and dolomite (CaMg(C0 )2) 3 were compared with their solubility products to determine if the ground water is in equilibrium with calcite and dolomite (see Fetter,1980, p. 320). This analysis indicates that ground water from wells 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 9 (see FSAR Figure 2.4-24 for locations) is saturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. Well 8 is saturated with respect to calcite, but undersaturated with respect to dolomite. Well 3 is undersaturated with respect to both calcite and dolomite. This is to be expected, as the ground water levels taken during the monitoring program indicate Well 3 is in a I recharge area and the other wells are downgradient. Well 8 appears to be undersaturated with respect to dolomite because there is a very short flow f path between the recharge area and the discharge point (the well). This does not allow the ground water enough contact time with the glacial drift and bedrock to achieve saturation with respect to dolomite. Also, the solubility of dolomite is much less than calcite (Franklin, et al .,1981, p.14). The variance in ground water chemistry shown in Table 2.4-27 is due to the distance of a well from a recharge area with slight variations due to seasonal I
-C i .
I . fluctuations of infiltrating precipitation. The analysis of the ground water chemistry indicates that little solution activity can take place at the Byron site, as the ground water of the Galena-Platteville aquifer is saturated with respect to calcite and dolomite. The calcite and dolomite saturation of the ground water may take place in the soil or directly at the upper bedrock surface. Freeze and Cherry (1979) indicate that if significant amounts of carbonate minerals are present in the soil or subsoil of the unsaturated zone, dissolution to or near saturation would be expected to occur. During the examination of the test pit at the solution basin, Leon Follmer (see attached letter from L. Follmer , Illinois State Geological Survey, to C. Kuntz, Dames & Moore,1981) stated that the ground water infiltrating through the soils aDove the bedrock surface is acidic and is leaching carbonates from the soil. When this ground water infiltrates across the weathered bedrock surface, a strong chemical change from acidic to basic occurs within a few feet of the bedrock surface. This would indicate that the only solution activity presently taking place at the Byron site is directly at the bedrock surface. CONCLUSIONS Field observations documented in the FSAR show that the solution widened joints have gone from tight fractures to an opening of 6 to 7 inches in a period of 70,000 to 300,000,000 years. The field observations, literature search, personal contact, and chemical analysis indicate that the rate of solution activity presently taking place at the Byron site is imperceptible in a human lifetime, let alone a nuclear plant lifetime. I -C I
I REFERENCES Fetter, C.W., Jr., 1980, Applied hydrogeology: Cnarles E. Merrill Publishing Co., Columbus, Ohio. Franklin, A.G. , et al . , Foundation considerations in siting of nuclear facilities in karst terrains and other areas susceptible to ground collapse: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NUREG/CR-2062, Washington, D.C. Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979, Ground water: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Follmer, L.R., 1981, Geologist, Illinois State Gec' agical Survey, Urbana, Illinois; Letter to C. Kuntz, Dames & Moore (December 21). Thrailkili, J.V.,1981, Personal communication with J.E. Gansfuss, Geologist, Sargent & Lundy. I
-C , I L}}