ML18227A962

Submit Semiannual Environmental Report No. 8, July 1, 1976 Through December 31, 1976

ML18227A962
Person / Time
Site:	Turkey Point
Issue date:	02/28/1977
From:	Florida Power & Light Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18227A962 (253)

Text

FLORIDA POWER 8 LIGHT COl1PNlY TURKEY POINT PLANT UNITS 3 a 0 C.

PLORIOA POWER 8I LIGHT COIVIPANY SEf'BIANNUAL ENVIROHI"lEljTAL REPORT NO, 8, JULY 1, 1976 THROUGH DECENBER 51, 1976 S

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Pacae Z. INTRODUCTION ZI. RECORDS OF MONITORING REQUIREMENT SURVEYS AND II-1 SAMPLES III. ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA A. CHEMICAL A-1 B. THEIRS B-1 C. FISH AND SHELLFISH C-1 D. BENTHOS D.l-l 1; MACROINVERTEBRATES D.l-l

2. MICROBIOLOGY D.2-1 ED TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT E-1 F. ASSESSMENT OF RECOVERY ZN THE DISCHARGE AREA F-1 G. GRASSES AND MACROALGAE G-1 H. PHYSICAL AND NUTRIENT DATA H-l

a. PHYSICAL DATA H-1 b ~ NUTRIENT DATA H-14 I. PLANKTON I-1

a. ZOOPLANKTON I-1 b PHYTOPLANKTON I-21 J. VEGETATION AND SOIL J-1

a. REVEGETATION OF SPOILBERMS. J-1'-16 be SOIL PROGRAM K ANALYSIS OF AERIAL PHOTOS K-1 L. CHLORINE USAGE L-1 ZV. RECORDS OF CHANGES IN SURVEY PROCEDURES IV-1 V. SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NOT REQUIRED ZV-1 BY THE ETS VI. VIOLATIONS OF THE ETS ZV-1 VZI. UNUSUAL EVENTS, CHANGES TO THE PLANT, CHANGES IV-1 TO THE ETS g AND CHANGES TO PERMITS OR CERTZFZ CATES VIII. STUDIES REQUIRED BY THE ETS NOT INCLUDED ZN THIS ZV-1 REPORT

e I INTRODUCTION This report is submitted in accordance with Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Apperidix B, Section 5.4.a. This report covers the period July 1, 1976 through December 31, 1976.

IX RECORDS OF MONITORING REQUIREMENT SURVEYS AND SEDAN>LES The results. of the chemical analyses conducted at the outlet of Lake Warren are shown on pages A-3 and A-4 of this report. Page A-5 contains the amounts of chemicals added from Units 3 and 4 to the circulating water system.

A summary of thermal data is given in section IXI.B of this report. Results of the various biological programs are given in Sections III.C through IIX.J.

4 III. ANALYSIS OF FNVIRONlKNTAL DATA A. Chemical Analysis of pH results shows the same trends that have-been observed for the last three and one-half years and reported in previous semiannual reports. pH ranged from a low nf 7.85 to a high of 8.10. Dissolved Oxygen ranged from 3.75 to 5.0 ppm during the summer months, and between 3.7 and 6.4 ppm during the cooler months. Salinity concentrations ranged from 29.0 ppt during the rainy season, to 37.5 ppt during the dry season.

No chlorination of the Circulating Water System was performed and therefore, no residual chlorine tests were made. Once again, Ammonia and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels remained at or below the respec-tive detection limits. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels averaged 475 mg/L for the period, with a minimum of 339 mg/L and a maximum of 697 mg/L.

No change in the average level of heavy metals was observed. Monitoring for Cadmium had been started in April, 1976 but it was discontinued in'une, 1976.

This was only a temporary test.

The amounts of chemicals released to the circulating water system remained fairly constant as compared to the previous six-month period. No appreciable change can be seen. After processing in the plant's

waste treatment facilities and mixing with the circula-ting water system waters, these chemicals are undetec-table.

A- 2

TURKEY POZNT PLANT UNZTS 3 6 4 pH; DZSSOLVED OXYGEN AND SALZNZTY

~ LAKE WARREN DZSCHARGE 1976 MO. JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DEC~~J3ER

.IDAY UH D.O. Sa L,-

7.94 3.90 32. 5 7.94 42 360 7,. 97 4.2 31.0 7.95 4.2 33.0 7.95 4.3 37.0 7.98 S.l 37.5

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2 7.92 4.25 33.0 7.95 4.3 36.0 7.98 4. 15 31. 5 7.95 4.45 33.0 7.95 4.5 37 0 7-98 5.8 137 0 3 7.90 4.3 33.'5 7.93 4.3 36 0 7.96 4.1 30.5 )

7.95 4 5 33.0 7.97 4.75 36.0 7 97 5.75 37.0

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4 7.90 4. 25 33 0 7 85 4.0 37.0 7.96 4,0 31. 0 7.97 4.5 33.5 7.95 4.85 36 0 7.97 5 6 37.0 7.85 4.2 33.5 7.85 4 0 37.0 7.98 3.75 31 7 98 4 4 34 0 7 97 5 ' 36 5 7.98 5.5 37 0 6 7 ~ 904 ~ 2 34, 7,95 3.95 37.1 7. 95 3.90 30.5 7.98 4 2 34.0 7.98 5.2 36 5 7 '7 5.0 37.5 7 7.92 4.4 33.5 7.90 3 4 35.0 7.97 3.85 31.5 7.97 4 1 34 0 7 96 5 5 36 5  ? .97 46 1375 8 7.98 4.25 32.5 7.9 4.2 38.0 7.98 3 9 31 7.95 4.2 35.0 7..97 5.4 37.0 7.98 4.4 37.5 9 7.95 4.2 33. 0 7. 98 4.1 34.5 7. 98 4.0 31.5 7.95 4 3 35.0 7.96 5.6 36.5 7.95 4.8 37.5 0 7.90 a.4 32 0 7.93 4.3 36 0 7.95 4.1 30.5 7 95 4.45 34.5 7.98 5.6 37.0 7+99 5 6 37 '

1 7924.5 30.0 7..95 4. 15 37.0 7.90 4.1 31.5 7.85 4.45 34 5 7.97 5.4 36.S 7.98 37 5 2 7.95 4.3 30.5 7.92 4.35 36. 5 7.93 3.9 31.0 7.98 4.6 34.5 7.93 a.? )36.5 7.98 4.7 30 7. 95 4. as 35.5 7. 9?I 3.9 31.0 7.97 4.8 35.0 7.90 4.5 7.98 4.8 37.5 4 8.0 4.2 31 7.96 4. 55 35 ~ 5 7 cl 4 1 32.5 7.98 5.0 35.0 7.93 4.6 36.5 4.4 t3?.s, 7.98 4.0 32 7. 98 4.5 36.0 7.98 3.9 32.5 7.98 4.6 35.0 7.94 4.1 37.0 7.98 3.9 Il37,5 6 7.98 3.95 32.5 7 96 4.45 36.5 7.9 3.8 31 5 7 95 4 3 35 0 7.92 4.2 37.0 8.0 3.8 37.0 7 7.98 4.05 33.0 7.95 4 3 37.0 7.9i 4.3 31.5 7.95 4 5 35.0 7.93 3.8 37.0 8.05 3.95 37.0 8 7-95 4 0 32. 5 7. 96 3.8 35.5 7.9 4.2 31 5 7.97 4.1 35 5 7.94 4.0 37.0 8.1 4.6 3?.Q 9 7.98 3 9 32. 0 7.,9 4'8 31. 0 7.9 4.2 31.5 7.9 4.25 36.0 7.95 3.7 37.0 8.05 2 l37 5 0 8.0 4.2 32.0 7.90 5.0 29. 0 7.92 4.0 32 0 7.9 4.4 36 0 7.95 3.8 37.0 8.05 4 8 37.5 21 7.9S 4 3 33 0 7.90I4.65 30.0 7. 95 3 9 31.5 7 9 4 1 36.0 7.95 3.75 37.0 8.03 4.4 37.5 02 7 98 4.0 33.5 7.934.3 30.0 7 '7 4.05 31.5 7 9 I 4 6 36 0 7 96 4.1 36.5 8.1 5.1 37.0 23 8 ~ 05 4 ~ 25 33.5 7.934.4 30 5 7. 97 4.0 32 0 80 47 365 797 36.5 8.05 6.0 37.5 24 8-00 4. 2 32.5 7.9 4.1 30.0 7. 97 a.1s 32 5 7 9 4.6 36 5 7.97 4.8 37.0 6 05 5 ' 37.0 25 7.98 4.3 33.5 7.9)4,2 30.0 7.95 4.25 32. 0 79'6 365 79554 36.5 8.05 6.0 37.5 26 7.99 4.5 34.5 7.9 4.0 31 0 7. 95 4.2 32 5 7. 97 4 2 36 5 7.95 5.8 37.0 8.05 5.8 I 37.0 27 7.9S 4.3 34.5 7.98 4.1 31 ' 7 95 4 5 33.0 7.9 4 2 36 5 7 95 5 ' 37.0 8.05 55 l36 28 7.9 4. 3 34. 5 7. 97 4. 2 30. 0 7 ~ 98 4.1 33.5 7.98 4 7 36.5 7.9 5.0 37.0 8.05 6.a ) 36.s 29 7~9 44 34.5 7.97 4.2 30.0 7.98 4.05 33. 5 7. 98 4 6 36 5 7 97 4 ' 37,0 8.05 5.7 36.5 30 7.9 4 2 34.0 7 ~ 98 4.5 30 0 7.97 4.0 33.5 7'..97 4-7 36.5 7.96 4.4 37. 0 8.05 5.4 36 5 31 7 ' 4.3 35.5 7.98 4.3 30~5 7-96 4.9 37.5 8.04 5 3 36. 5 A-3

FLORIDA POWER 6i LIGIIT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANTS UNITS 3 6 4-LAKE WARREN DISCIIARGE NOTE: All Rosults in mg/L . YEAR 1977 T. RES DATE CIILOR.

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AMMONIA B,O, D, ',O,D.. Cu 2ll Co IIg OIL Cr Pb 7 2 76 <0.2 697 <0. 02 '.08 '0.02 <0.001 <0:0002 <1 <0.02 <0.05 7/9/76 <0.2 507 <0.0002 1 7/16/76 < 0.2 432 <0.0002 2 7/23/76 < 0.2 412 <0.0002 1 7/30/76 < 0.2. 491 <0.0002 2 8/6/76 <0. 2 <0 02 0.06 <0.02 <0.001 <0. 0002 4i <0 02 <0.05 8/13/76 <0.2 561 <0.0002 3

<0.0002 '

8/20/76 < 0.2 353 8/27/76 <0.2 '367 <0.0002 9/3/76 <0.2 466 <0.02 0.07 '0.02 <0.001 <0.0002 '1 '0.02 <0. 05 9/10/76 < 0.2 <0. 0002 <1 9/17/76 <0.2 <0.0002 <1 9/24/76 <0.2 643 <0;0002 <1 10 1 76 <0.2 408'57

<0;02 0. 05 <0. 02 <0.001 <O.COQ2 <1 <0.02 <0.05 10/8/76 -<0.2 <0.0002 1 10/15/76 <0.2 465 <0;000 '2 10/22/76 <0.2 420 <0.000

<1'0.000 10/29/76 <<0.2 480 '0.02 11/5/76 <0.2 424 0.03 <0. 02 <0. 001 <0,000 2 <0.02 <0.05 11/12/76 <0.2 <<1 428 <0.000 11/19 76 <0.2 <<1 339 <0.000 2

<<0.2 <0.000 <1

'09 11/26/76 12/3/76 <<0.2 <<1 -475 <0.000 1 12/10/76 <0.2 484 <0;02 ~ ~ 0.03 <0. 02 <0.001 <0.080 1 <<0.02 <0. 05 12/17/76 <0.2 '528 &.0002 <1 12/24/76 <0.2 <0.0002 1 12/31/76 < 0.2 432 <0.0002 <1

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III.B THERMAL Thermal data collected have been summarized in temperature time duration curves by month, for both the inlet and out-let temperatures. These are shown on pages B-2 through B-7 No major differences were observed between this six-month period and the same periods in 1974 and 1975. Listed below are the maximum inlet and outlet temperatures in degrees F.

Max. Inlet Tem Max. Guelee Terna.

1974 1975 1976 1974 1975 1976 July 94 94 110 109 111 August 95 93 94 112 109 110 September 94- 93 92 110 108 108

~- October 92 89 89 109 104 104 November 83 82 83 98 97 96 December 82 80 83 97 97 97

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIhiE DURATION DATA TEMPERATURE JULY, 1976

.UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARRENT OUTLET NUMBER ACCUh1ULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOUR S TE! 1PE RAT URE TIhK 6

19 94 93 0.8 3.4 2 ill 0.3 0.8 96 186 92 91

16. 3

41. 3 ll 4

56 110 109 108 2.3 9.8 115 90 56.7 146 107 29.4 120 89 72.8 121 106 45.7 80 88 83.6 128 105 62.9 44 87 89.5 55 104 70.3 32 86 93. 8 81 103 81;2 25 85 97. 2 64 102 89. 8 16 84 99.3 30 101 93.8 5 83 1OO.O .3. 100 94.2 24 99 97.4 15 98 99.5 4 97 100.0

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION DATA TEMPERATURE AUGUST, 1976 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE TINE 5 94 0.7 1 110 0.1 23 93 3.8 22 109 3.1 77 92 14.1 37 108 8.1 116 91 29.7 76 107 18.3 126 90 46.6 110 106 33.1 119 89 62.6 84 105 44 '

80 88 73.4 85 104 55.8 45 87 79.4 55 103 63.2 30 86 83.5 76 102 73.4 28 85 87.2 35 .101 78.1 36 84 92.1 48 100 84.5 23 83 95;2 33 99 89.0 18 82 97.6 22 98 91.9 9 81 98. 8 21 97 94.8 9 80 100. 0 28 96 98.5

8. 95 99.6 3 94 100.0

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION DATA TEMPE RATURE SEPTEMBER, 1976 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN: OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED HOURS TEMPERATURE & TIME HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 6 92. 0.8 2 108 0.3 37 91 6.1. 53 107 7.7

'38 90 25.5 59 106 16.1 125 89 43.-1 86 105 28.2

. 136 88 62. 3 100 104 42.3

'83 87 73.9 71 103 52.3 58 86 82. 1 58 102'01 60.4 61 85 90.7 54 68.0 55 98.5 78.6 ll 84 83 100.0 75 66 26 100 99 98 87.9 91.5 31 97 95.9 17 96 98.3 8 95 99.4 2 94 99.7 2 93 100.0

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION DATA TEMPERATURE OCTOBER, 1976 UNITS 3&4 INTAKE LAKE !lARRHN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED EIOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS TEl iP ERATURE TIME 9 89 1.2 16 104 2.2 53 88 8.3 40 103 7.5 72 87 18.0 59 102. 14.1 89 86 30.0 68 101 23.3 96 85 42.9 78 100 33.7 64 84 51.5 76 99 44.0 50 83 58.2 57 -98 51.6 42 82 63.8 34 56.2 62 81 72.2 44 96 62.1 37 80 77.2 24 95 65.3 41 79 82.7 33 94 69.8 33 78 87.1 34 93 74.3 14 77 89.0 33 92 78.8 38 76 94.1 33 91 83.2 39 75 99.3 28 90 87.0 5 74 100.0 38 89 92.1 31 88 96.2 10 87 97.6 13 86 99.3 4 85 99.9 1 84 100.0

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION DATA TEMPERATURE NOVEMBER, 1976 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUK3ER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED

. HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOURS 'EMPERATURE TIME 28 83 3.9 2 96 0.3 52 82 11.1 50 95 7.2 39 81 16. 6 56 94 15.0 84 80 28. 3 66 93 24.2 66 79 37.5 67 92 33.6 72 78 47.5 40 91 39.1 12 77 49.2 49 90 46.0 34 76 53 9 50 89 52.9 24 75 57.2 52 88 60.2 48 74 63.9 24 87 63.5 25 73 67.4 39 86 68.9 27 72- 71.2 30 85 73.1 29 71 75.2 44 84 79.2 51 70 82. 3 36 83 84.3 39 69 87.7 31 82'1 88.6 25 68 91.2 16 90.8 25 67 94.7 12 80 92.5 38 66 100.0 19 79 95.1 28 78 99.0 7 77 100.0

TURKEY POINT PLANT TIME DURATION DATA TEMPERATURES DECEMBER, 1976 UNITS 364 INTAKE LAKH WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED IIOURS TEMPERATURE TIME HOU FS THh1PH RATURH TIME 2 83 0.3 2 97 0.3 29 82 4.2 6 96 1.1 34 81 8.7 30 95 5.1 33 80 13.2 30 94 9.1 30 79 17.2 39 93 14.4 20 78 19.9 19 92 16. 9 40 77 25.3 23 91 20.0 25 76 28. 6 46 90 26.2 47 75 34.9 30 89 30.2 48 74 41.4 19 88 32.8 71 73 50.9 18 87 35.2 59 72 58. 9 42 86 40.9 33 71 63. 3 42 85 46.5 68 70 72.4 50 84 53.2 53 69 79;6 53 83 60.3 40 68 84. 9 59 82 68.3 42 67 90.6 73 81 78.1 23 66 93. 7 38 80 83.2 16 65 95.8 56 79 90.7 15 64 97.8 27 78 94.4 4 63 98. 4 22 77 . 97.3 12 62 '100. 0 8 76 98.4 8 75 99.5 2 74 99.7 2 73 100.0

III.C. FISH AND SHELLFISH INTRODUCTION The Turkey Point cooling canal system was closed off in February 1973, effectively isolating populations of fish and shellfish within the canals from Biscayne Bay and adjacent offshore habitats. Since many species normally breed offshore and have planktonic larval stages, considerable adaptation would be required to maintain populations within the confines of the canal system.

Sampling of the fish and shellfish populations was initiated in December 1974. The purpose of the sampling was,.

to determine which species were present and their relative abundance and'size. Species which demonstrated a variety of life history stages, parti'cularly the juvenile stages, could be considered established in the canals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Fishes were collected monthly from January through Decem-ber 1976, the period covered by I

this report, at the ten stations which were surveyed in 1974 and 1975 (Florida Power 8 Light, 1976). Stations 1 and 8 were relatively deep (6 m) water localities near the plant intake and discharge, respectively (Figure III.C-1). Stations 2 and 4 were situated between deep C-1

(6 m) and shallow (1 m) water areas. Stations 3, 5, 6 and 7 averaged less than 1 m in water depth. Canal width at Stations 1 through 8 was approximately 30 m. Stations 9 and 10 were in .a backwater area and a small pond, respectively, off the canal system proper. Water depth at these two stations was less than 0.6 m.

Collections were made by gill net and minnow trap. Each monofilament net was 30.5 m in length by 1.8 m in depth and consisted of three 10-m panels of 51, 76 and 102-mn stretch mesh sewn end to end. The minnow traps were of the funnel type and measured 406 mm long by 229 mn in diameter.. These traps were constructed of 6.4-mn square galvanvized mesh and were baited with soy cake.

The sampling method at each station was determined pri-marily by the water depth of the canal at the sampling site.

Gill nets'ere fished at Stations 1, 2, 4 and 8, minnow traps at Stations 2 through 10. Preliminary observations at Station 1 =had revealed an absence of the small fishes which could be collected by minnow traps. One gill net and/or two minnow traps were fished for one 24-hour period per station per month.

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All specimens collected were identified to species, counted, measured to the nearest millimeter and weighed to the nearest gram.

Fishes were measured from the tip of. the snout to the base of the tail (standard length, SL). Crabs were measured across the shell (carapace width, CW), lobster and shrimp along the carapace and tail.

Fish nomenclature was in accordance with Bailey et al-(1970).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five species of shellfishes and 28 species of fishes were col-lected during the 12-month sampling period (Table III.C-1). Collec-tions by month and station number are presented in Tables III.C-2 through III.C-13. The number of individuals of each species collected, their range of standard lengths, their total weight, and the water temperature range recorded at each station are included.

The killifish family (Cyprinodontidae) comprised 91.5~ of the I

6063 total fishes collected. The goldspotted killifish (zloridichthys cazpio) and sheepshead minnow (cyprindodon variegatus) were the pre-dominant species collected with 3351 and 2181 individuals, respectively.

The livebearer family (Poeciliidae) made up 5.75 of the total number of fishes collected. The sailfin molly (poecilia latipinna) accounted for 341 of the 343 livebearers. Fishes other than killi-fishes and livebearers comprised 2.85 of the total number of fishes collected.

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The goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow, and sailfin molly were the only species collected in large enough numbers for meaning-ful comparison. Individuals of these species were collected at most stations, although differences between stations are evident (Figure III.C-2). The goldspotted killifish was the dominant species at Stations 2 through? based on the number of individuals collected.

The sheepshead minnow was the dominant species at Stations 8 through

10. Stations 9 and 10 are backwater and small pond areas, respec-tively, and differences in dominance are apparently related to habi-tat differences such as increased vegetative cover and lack of water flow. Station, 10 was the only location where the sailfin molly was abundant, further indicating a habitat difference as the reason for changes in species composition. .

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The change in the relative abundance of goldspotted killifish and sheepshead minnow at Stations 2 through 8 is apparently related to a change in the physiological tolerances and/or competitive abilitiesI of the two species at increasing water temperatures. At temperatures up to 35'C (95'F), the goldspotted killifish is the dominant of the two species (Figure III.C-3). As temperatures increase beyond this point, the sheepshead minnow becomes dominant. For all stations combined, both species reach peaks of abundance from June to Calculations are based on seven stations (2 through 8) over the 25 months sampled to date.

September, when water temperatures are highest (Figures III.C-4 and III.C-5).

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Since both juveniles and adults were captured, it may be assumed that reproducing populations of goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow, and sailfin molly're established within the canal system.

In addition, considerably more 'individuals of these species were collected in 1976 than in 1975 (Table III.C-14, Figures III.C-4 and III.C-5). Increased populations of these small (less than 74 mm SL) forage fishes may be attributed to yearly variations or the decrease in the number of predator species within the canal system.

Other killifishes collected were the Gulf killifish (10 indi-viduals), marsh killifish (5) and rainwater killifish (2). Contin-uing studies should indicate whether there are enough individuals of these species to maintain populations. Visual observations indicate that the pike killifish (Belonesox belizanus) is estab-lished in the Vicinity of -Station 9. This is an exotic (introduced)

'pecies which has been established in southern Dade County since 1957 (Courtenay et al., 1974).

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The crested goby also appears to be established. Twenty-seven C-,5

individuals, including juveniles, were collected during 1976 as com-pared to 15 individuals collected during 1975 (Table III.C-14).

Several tidewater silversides were observed, although only three individuals, were collected. Their reproductive status in the canal system is presently unknown.

Two juvenile (29-45 ma SL) spotfin mojarra and one juvenile (50 mm SL) Atlantic needlefish were collected, Other juvenile needle-fish were observed in the canal system but not collected. Only one adult spotfin mojarra and no adult Atlantic needlefish have been col-lected or observed. Because of the almost complete lack of adults found, it is doubtful that these juveniles were spawned within the canal system; however, alternative sources of introduction are speculative.

The remainder of the fishes collected were represented by adult individuals only (Table III.C-14). These include the ladyfish, bone-fish, toadfish, lined seahorse, sharksucker, permit, snappers, mojarras, spadefish, mullet, grunts, and barracuda. With the excep-tion of one blue crab (46 mm CW) and one stone crab (36 mm CW), the shellfishes were also represented by adult individuals only. Addition-ally, the combined number of shellfishes and fishes collected by each gill net per 24-hour sample period (catch per unit effort) has

'I C-6

steadily decreased over the 25 months sampled to date (Figure III.C-6). Fishes and shellfishes represented only by adult forms, which mature and die may be expected to disappear from the canal system unless recruitment occurs from outside.

Several fish species which were observed or collected prior to January 1976 and not found thereafter may have already disappeared (Table III.C-15).

SUMMARY

The Turkey Point cooling canals are a closed system containing a decreasingly diverse assemblage of fishes and shellfishes.

Reproducing populations, as evidenced by the occurrence of both juveniles and adults, are confined primarily within the killifish.

and livebearer families of fishes. The goldspotted killifish and the sheepshead minnow are the dominant fishes, based on the number of individuals collected. The majority of fish and shell-fish species may be expected to disappear from the canal system as natural attrition occurs.

)

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LITERATURE CITED Bailey, R. M., J. E. Fitch, E. S. Herald, E. A. Lachner, C. C. Lindsey, C. R. Robins and W. B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada.

3rd ed. Amer. Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 6, 150 pp.

Courtenay, W. R., Jr., H. F. Sahlman, W. W. Miley, II, and D. J.

Herrema. 1974. Exotic fishes in fresh and brackish waters-of Florida. Biol. Conservation 6(4):292-302.

Florida Power 8 Light Co. 1976. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4:

semiannual environmental monitoring report no. 6, July 1 to December 31, 1975.. Miami, Fla. 248 pp.

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8(F1)

/'(RC.O) 9 10 7(W6.2) 6(W18.2)

/>+ ~ a a 5(WF.2) 3(E3.2) 2(RC.2) 4(RF.3)

FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT FISH AND SHELLFISH SAMPLING STATIONS 1976 (FPhL Station Numbers) ittL40 SIOLOOT, INC.

FI ure III.C-l

70 LEGEND 60 GOLDSFOTTED KILLIFISN SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW.. <

~a SAILFIN MOLLY...,...

50 o

w 40 CC',

x 50 X

IJJ X

20 IO 5, 6 STAT I ON NUM BE R 8 9 IO Figure III.C-2. Mean number of individuals of three species of fishes collected at Stations 2 through 10, Turkey Point, January-December 1976.

IIO LEGEND GOLDGPOTTED KILLIFIGN SHEEPSHEAO MINNOW

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80 5

O 60 X

LIj X

40

/

20 X

x +x~

I8 20 22 24 26 28 ~

30 32 34 36 58 40 42 I MAXIMUMTEMPERATURE RECORDED (GC )

Figure III.C-3. Hean number of goldspotted killifish and sheepshead minnows collected at Stations 2 through 8 in relation to maximum x

temperature recorded ('C), Turkey Point, December 1974-December 1976.

LEGEND DECEMBER 1974- DECEMBER 1975 OECEMBER l975-OECEMBER l976 xx-1000 x~x 200 CI X

lO LE.

O 50 20 0 . J F M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH Figure III.C-4. Goldspotted killifish collected at Stations 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8, Turkey Point. (Stations 4, 9 and 10 were not sampled until late 1975, so data from these stations were not included in the calculations.)

LEGEND OEEEMGER 1974-OECEMEER 1975 DKCKMBKR l975-DKCKMBKR l976 .x x-IOO 50 o 20 o

2 O

lO x

D J F M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH Figure III.C-5: Sheepshead minnows collected at Stations 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8, Turkey Point. (Sta-tions 4, 9, and 10 were not sampled until late 1975, so data from these stations were not included in the calculations.)

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20 CO ILj CO IL CI l5 CO ILI x:

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lL 5 UI 6)

X R

MONTH DOJ F M A M J J A S 0 N DJ F M A M J J A S 0 N 0 l974 I975 l976 Figure III.C-6.

Combined number of shellfishes and fishes collected per gill net per 24-hour sample period, Turkey Point, December 1974-December 1976.

TABLE III.C-1 SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEM 1976 Scientific Name Common Name Callinectes sp. blue crab Iiunulus polyphenms horseshoe crab Minippe mercenaria stone crab Panulirus arctics spiny lobster Penaeus sp. edible shrimp AEbula vuEpes bonefish Be Eoneso~ be Eizanus pike killifish Chaetodipterus faber Atlantic spadefish Cpprinodon variegatus sheepshead minnow Diapterus p lumieri striped mojarra

. Zcheneis naucrates sharksucker Elops saurus ladyfish Zucinostomus argenteus spotfin mojarra E. gula silver jenny

. PEovu&chthys carpao goldspotted killifish

'undulus confluentus marsh killifish 7, grandis Gulf kil1ifish Gerres cinereus yellowfin mojarra ZaemuEon pczrrai sailors choice

8. sciurus bluestriped grunt Zippocavrpus. erectus lined seahorse Lagodon rhomboides pinfish Lophogobius cyprinoides crested goby rainwater killifish Lucania parva Lutjanus apodus schoolmaster L. griseus gray snapper Henidia hery Zlina tidewater silverside Ptas E cephalus striped mullet Opsanus beta Gulf toadfish Poeci Eia Eatipinna sailfin molly Sphyraena bm~cuda great barracuda Strongy Eura marina Atlantic needlefish Tvachinotus faZccrhcs, permit C-15

TABLE III.C-2 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 13-14 JANUARY 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number Soecies Indi vidual s Len ths mm oC spiny lobster 279-300 2500 22.0-23.0 bluestriped grunt 210-267 1760 22.0-22.5 yellowfin mojarra 2 178-'222 499 striped mullet 2 356-381 2010 gray snapper ~ 7 178-279 2160 bonefish 1 432 1009 crested goby 2 38-57 10 crested goby 2. 44-54 18 21.5-22.0 goldspotted killifish 2 25-29 2 bluestriped grunt 1 216 375 22.0-22.5 yellowfin mojarra 203-229 1112 gray snapper =1 305 800 crested goby 1 57 10 goldspotted killifish 28 25-44 26 goldspotted killifish 19 32-44 19 21. 0-22. 5 sheepshead minnow 2 19-25 2 goldspotted killifish 16 25-38 16 22.0-26.0 sheepshead minnow 6 19-'35 =-

6 nothing 22.0-25.0 stone crab 2 83-89 450 22. 0-29. 0 great barracuda 1 457 710 sharksucker, 1 458 450 silver jenny 1 113 46 striped mojarra 2 140-241 458 yellowfin mojarra 2 165 265 bonefish 1 229 170 goldspotted killifish 15 17-38 14 sheepshead minnow 16 19-25 14 edible shrimp 2 70-76 13 goldspotted kil1 i fish 16 25-37 16 . 22. 0-25. 0 sailfin molly 23 28-62 33 sheepshead minnow' 10 23-31 9

TABLE III.C-2 (Continued)

FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 13-14 JANUARY 1976 H

Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C 10 gol dspotted ki 1 1 jfish 10 28-47 13 22.0 sail fin molly 111 27-74 143 sheepshead minnow 17 22-45 16 C.-17

TABLE III.C-3 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 FEBRUARY 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Wei ht Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm oC stone crab 3 80-112 1000 27.0-27.5 spiny lobster 2 260-320 1800 horseshoe crab 1 240 360 great barracuda 1 490 800 Atlantic needlefish 1 50 1 yellowfin mojarra 175-188 736 27.0-27.5

'onefish 335 750 crested goby 44-62 28 gol dspotted kill i fish 1 29 25. 5-28. 0 stone crab 2 60-88 335 26. 5 blue crab 1 160 250 yel 1 owfin mojarra . 9 184-230 2477 striped mullet .' 305-353 1100 5 gol dspotted ki 1 1 ifish 39 24-46 34 25. 5-29. 0 sheepshead minnow 23 17-26 17 goldspotted killifish 23-25 2'6.5-28.5 goldspotted killifish 23 23-26 18 27.5-29.0 sheepshead minnow 5 1,8-21 8 stone crab 1 106 530 27.0-36.0 great barracuda 1 522 800 gray snapper 232 360 gol dspotted kill ifi Sh 1

18 24-33 15 sheepshead minnow 2 23-27 2 goldspotted killifish 24 25-43 .21 28.5>>33.0 sheepshead minnow- 5 29-32 10 sheepshead minnow 19-41 10 28.0-28.5 sailfin molly 35-41 7 goldspotted killifish 42-48 .5

, TABLE III.C-4 FISH AND SHELLFISH SVRYEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 30-31 MARCH 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm oC schoolmaster 2 174-199 377 28.0 Atlantic spadefish 1 280 1330 lined seahorse 1 80 3 bonefish 362-373 1211 27. 5-28. 5 bluestriped grunt 219-241 785 gray snapper 234 358 goldspotted killifish 23-34 sail fin molly 26 goldspotted killifish 29 ,

26.5-27.5 yellowfin mojarra 4 208-256 1554 27. 0 goldspotted killifish .

9 22-40 9 sail fin mol ly 3w 29-38 3 goldspotted killi fish 24-40 25. 5-30. 0.

sheepshead minnow 24-26 sail fin molly 28 goldspotted killifish 15 30-44 22 27.0-30.0 sheepshead minnow 1 26 1 goldspotted killifish 24-48 66 27.0-29.5 sai 1 fin. mol ly 7 25-49 . 9 sheepshead minnow 2 23-27 2 goldspotted killifish 24-28 26.'5-36.0 rainwater killifish 29 sheepshead minnow 20 goldspotted ki1 1 ifish 16 26-44 '16 28.5-33.5 sailfin molly 1 38 2 sheepshead minnow 1 28'5 1 spotfin mojarra 1 10 sheepshead minnow 97 22-32 77 29.0-32.0 sailfin molly 12 29-52 18 Gul f ki i fi sh 1 1 2 89-90 3?

marsh kil lifish 2 37-48

TABLE III.C-5 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 APRIL 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Mei ht Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C stone crab 36-108 594 28.0-30.5 blue crab 106 82 Atlantic spadefish 2 289-359 3191 28.0-31.0 sailors choice 2 284-295 1269 yel 1owfin mojarra 1 176 143 goldspotted killifish .8 24-44 10, sai 1 fin mol ly 1 36 1 goldspotted killifish 23 29-38 29. 0 yellowfin mojarra 200-246 1769 29. 0-29. 5 schoolmaster 255 527 crested goby 53-59 10 goldspotted killifish 27. 1 sheepshead minnow 23-26 7 29. 5-31. 0 goldspotted kil lifish 27-37 3 goldspotted ki i fish 1 1 84 26-44 94 29.0-3].0 sheepshead minnow 9 24-26 7 goldspotted killifish 27 29-45 .37 29.5-31.0 sheepshead minnow 10 25-29 9 sail fin mol ly 2 25-31 2 striped mullet 2 334-354 '033 33. 0-37. 5 sheepshead minnow 74 24-36 56 goldspotted killifish 5 29-34 6 goldspotted ki1 1 ifish 3 32-34 3 29.0-33.5 spotfin mojarra -1 29 ~

1 10 sheepshead minnow 70 29-40 81, 31. 0-34. 0 sail fin molly 8 34-49 15 marsh killifish 2 5T'-55 6 Gulf killifish 1 62 6 C-20

~ .

TABLE III.C-6 FISH ANO SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 MAY 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Meight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C stone crab 1 81 192 28.0-32.0 spiny lobster 1 250 525 sailors choice 1 238 342 gray snapper 2 332-444 1832 28.0-32.5 sai lors choice 1 275 508 goldspotted kil1ifish 24 25-39 17 goldspotted killifish 15 22-35 ~

9 29.5-30.5 stone crab 1 101 305 31.0-32.0 yellowfin mojarra 220-230 1276 schoolmaster 1 234 459 goldspotted killifish 14 28-45 17 5 'ailfin molly goldspotted killifish 36

,23 23-43 24-49 35 38 31.0-31.5 sheepshead minnow 4 27-31 4 gol dspotted ki 1 1 if i sh 32 27-49 54 30.5-32.0 sheepshead minnow 21 23-26 10 goldspotted killifish. 93 25-41 120 31.0-32.0 sheepshead minnow 11 23-28 9 edible shrimp 1 108 12 31.5-35.0 striped mullet 3 311-345 1674 snapper 'ray 1 261 515 '3 sheepshead minnow 42 24-35 9 gol dspot ted kil 1 ifish 29 25-44 34 28. 5 io sheepshead minnow 57 27-39 58 29.5-34.0 sail fin molly 1 29. 1 rainwater kil lifish 1 26 C-21

TABLE III.C-7 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 24-25 JUNE 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Meight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm oC stone crab 2 74-88 220 26.0-27.0 sailor s choice 1 234 388 yell owfin mojarra 1 203 232 25. 0 goldspotted killifish 57 22-42 56 sheepshead minnow 21 22-30 15 tidewater silverside 1 52 1 i

gol dspotted ki 1 1 fish 84 22-43 75 24.0-25.0 goldspotted kil 1ifish 28-41 6 24.0-25.5 crested goby 51 3 goldspotted killifish 27 27-44 31 24. 5-26. 0 sheepshead minn'ow 24 23-40 16 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fish 75 24-45 97 25. 0 sheepshead minnow 51 22-29 '39 goldspotted killifish 82 22-43 24.0-26.0 sheepshead minnow 13 23-27 8 sheepshead minnow 112 26-35 93 26. 5-36. 0 goldspotted killifish 22 26-'40 23 sheepshead minnow 132 ' 23-51 143 26.5-29.0 gol dspotted kill ifish 18 25-44 26 sail fin molly 32-38 crested goby 10 sheepshead minnow 99 1

26-47'3 71 23'-49 117 9

25. 0-26. 5 sail fin mol ly 12 13 C-22

TABLE III.C-8 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 22-23 JULY 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Meight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C stone crab 88-104 476 32.0 2'el 1 owfin mojarra schoolmaster 4

1 165-192 225 770 320 32.0-32.5 goldspotted kil 1 ifish 45 20-34 39 goldspot ted ki 1 1 ifish 148 25-37 107 32.0 stone crab 1 100 . 314 30.5-32.0 yellowfin mojarra 2 201-220 ~

581 goldspotted killifish 19 25-38 17 crested goby 2 54-60 10 tidewater silverside 20 5 sheepshead minnow 27 22~37 22 31. 0-34. 5 goldspotted killifish 30-40 18 ll'othing 31.0-34.5 goldspotted killifish 95 26-42 86 31.0-35.0 sheepshead minnow 28 24-33 22 sheepshead minnow 134 26-41 113 29. 0-41. 0 goldspotted killifish 9 27-44 16 sheepshead minnow 63 27-41 48 33. 0-36. 5 goldspotted killifish 24-32 8 sailfin molly 3 32-38 5

~ io sheepshead sailfin minnow mol ly 155 26 27-45 27-44 206 49 33.0 gol dspotted kil ifish 1 2 30-35 2 observational record C-23

TABLE III.C-9 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 23-24 AUGUST 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of. Standard -

Weight. Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm oC nothing 0 33. 0 bluestriped grunt 199 204 33.5 sailors choice 1. 288 562 bonefish 1 270 306 goldspotted killifish 72 26-41 71 sail fin molly 3 24-32 2 Gulf toadfish 1 104 23 goldspotted ki 1 1 i fish 32 28-35 35 32. 5 goldspotted kil.1ifish 27-35 8 32. 5 crested goby 50 4 5 gol dspotted killifish 59 25-51 69 36. 5 sheepshead minnow ~

13. 26-.35 .11 goldspotted killifish 80 27-50 121 35. 5 sheepshead minnow 13 25-29 10 goldspotted killifish 110 26-57 141 35. 5 sheepshead minnow 41 26-36 25 sail fin molly 2 33 '

sheepshead minnow 86 24-36 72 '41.0 goldspotted killifish 3 30-.37 2 sheepshead minnow 64 19-39 68 38. 5 gol dspotted kil 1 ifish 11 27-44 12 10 sheepshead minnow 57 29-37 77 34. 0 marsh kil1ifish 1 47 3 crested goby 1 45 4 C-24

TABLE III.C-10 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURYEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 SEPTEMBER 1976 Number Range of Total Range of .

Station'umber of Standard Weight Temperatures S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C 1 nothing 31. 0 2 schoolmaster 1 224 395 30. 0-31. 0 goldspotted killifish 127 25-39 114 gol dspotted killifish 29 23-31 22 29. 5-30. 0 stone crab 1 94 244 29.5-30.0 yel 1 owfin mojarra 5 191-209 2062 gray snapper ~

1 271 598 gol dspotted ki1 1 ifish 31 23-38 36 crested goby 3 43-51 8

'goldspotted killifish 94 24-42 64 30.0-31.5 sheepshead minnow 8 24-30 7 goldspotted killifish 75 24-44 101 30. 0-32. 0 sheepshead minnow 28 26-29 26 goldspotted killifish 137 25-43 124 30.0-32.5 sheepshead minnow 9 25-32 6 8 go 1 dspot ted ki 1 1 i fi sh 54 24-43 35 34. 5-37. 5 sheepshead minnow 50 22-31 36 9a sheepshead minnow 37 29-45 59 35. 5 goldspotted killifish 13 24-47 17 sailfin molly 1 46 2 sheepshead minnow 14 34-37 26 33. 5-34.0 sail fin molly 9 32-45 15 crested goby 2 51-70 13 Gulf killifish 1 45 1 One'rap only.

C-25

TABLE III.C-11 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY 0

TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 OCTOBER 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C nothing 30. 0 4

1 yellowfin mojarra 4 150-215 703 .30. 0 schoolmaster. 1 2Tl 586 gray snapper 1 .234 279 permit 1 385 171 6 gol dspotted kill i fish 106 23-39 103 goldspotted killifish 39 21-33 32 28. 5 goldspotted killifish 533 .24-36 '0 29. 5 crested goby ~

2 61-75 17 goldspotted 'kil 1ifish 47 27-39 51 32. 5 sheepshead minnow 15 22-34 . 8 goldspotted killifish 87 26-42 90 32. 0 sheepshead minnow 5 26-g7 4 goldspotted killifish 148 27-46 .166 32. 0 sheepshead minnow 9 24-30 7 sai 1 fin mol ly 1 28 1 sheepshead minnow 97 22-34 80 38. 0 goldspotted killifish 88 25-'39 81 9a ,goldspotted killifish 28-62 18 36. 0 10 sheepshead sheepshead sail fin molly minnow minnow 49 29-48 28-42 12 83 32. 5

~

~

34-52 9 gol dspotted killi fish 3 37-44 8 crested goby 2 35-53 7 pike killifish 1 107 .23 Gulf killifish 1 89 19

~ One trap only.

C-26 0

TABLE III;C-12 FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 22-23 NOVEMBER 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm 'C nothing 22.0-26.0

~ z sailors choice bluestriped grunt yellowfin mojarra 4.

1 260-276 203

'69 2311 313 21.0-25.0 1 155 spotfin mojarra 1 123 57 striped mullet 1 324 574 pinfish 1 131 72 bonefish 1 344 821 goldspotted kil 1ifish 42 23-39 51 tidewater silverside 2 42-45 3 goldspotted killifish 22-23 1, 17. 0-23. 0 striped mullet 300-314 1,073 18. 0-24. 0 ladyfish 1 509 1309 gray snapper 1 239 392 schoolmaster 1 370 1810 sailors choice 1 256 603 yellowfin mojarra 1 155 132 goldspotted killifish 32 23-35 35 gol dspotted ki 1 1 ifish 22 26-42 32 17. 0-22. 5 sheepshead minnow 9 20-32 8 sail fin mol ly 2 27-30 2 gol dspotted ki 11 ifish 37 22-46 50 16. 5-22. 5 sheepshead minnow 16 20-26 10 goldspotted killifish 49 24-44 51 17;5-23.0 sheepshead minnow 1 25 1 striped mojarra 1 238 504 30.0-33.0 bonefish 1 219 ladyfish 1 fragment 71'ragment goldspotted killifish 72 22-42 61 sheepshead minnow 10 21-28 7 sailfin molly 24-36 5 blue crab 1 '46 7 C-27

TABLE III.C-12 (Continued)

FISH AND SHELLFISH SURVEY

'TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 22-23 NOVEMBER 1976 Number Range of Total Range of

~

Station of Standard Mei ht Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm C sheepshead minnow 33 .'

27-38 4'4 16.0-25.0 Gulf killifish 67-83 29 pike killifish 1 55 3 10 sailfin molly 20 32-,50 42 '7.5-22.0 sheepshead minnow 6 24-38 10 goldspotted killifish 1 35 2 Gulf killifish .1 65 8 C-28

TABLE III.C-13 FISH AND SHELLFISH 'SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS

,9-10 DECEMBER 1976 Number Range of Total Range of Station of Standard Weight Temperatures Number S ecies Individuals Len ths mm oC nothing 21. 0-21. 5 goldspotted kil ifish 1 32~33 20. 0 goldspotted killifish 18-36 11 17.5-18.5 yellowfin mojarra . fragment fragment 17.5-20.0 striped mullet fragment fragment goldspotted ki 1 1 ifish 30 goldspotted killifish 17 26-37 24 20. 5-21. 0 sheepshead minnow 2 20-27 2 sai 1 fin mol ly 1 35 2 sheepshead minnow 35 22 20.0-21.0 goldspotted killifish 20-29'4-38 23 30 sail fin molly 1 30 1 goldspotted killifish 34 24-37 32 20. 0-20. 5 sheepshead minnow 22-35 sail fin mol ly 1 20 1 8 yellowfin mojarra . fragment 26.5-29.5 goldspotted ki 1 1 ifish 88 19-38 99 sheepshead minnow 6 22-29 5 sheepshead minnow 88 24-45 44'ragment 146 19. 5-20. 0 goldspotted killifish 6 32-41 10 Gul f ki i fi sh 1 1 3 73-93 50 10 sail fin molly 37 30-51 86 22.0-23.5 gol dspotted killifish 14 34-55 42 sheepshead minnow 4 35-39 10 crested goby 1 3

TABLE 111.C-14 HUHBER OF 1NDIV1DUALS AND RANGE OF STANDARD LEHGTHS OF SHELLFlSHES AHD FiSHES COLLECTED MITHIH THE TURKEY POINT COOLlNG CANAL SYSTEH OECEHBER 1974-OECEHBER 1976 ecem er 9 -Dec er 97 ~ anuar 9 6-Dec er 9 um er ange o er ~

Range o of Standard of Standard Scienti f1c Name indi gi dual s Len ths am individuals Len ths sm Lbaulus polyphenus horseshoe crab 1 290 1 240 Penaeus SP. edible shrimp 2 '5-86 3 70-108 Panuli rue argus spiny lobster 16 200-331 5 250-320 Meni ppe mercenaria stone crab 70 ~ 26-112 18 36-112 Callinectes sp. blue crab 57 47-192 .3 46-160 Family Elopidae-tarpons Elope caurus lady fish 482-495 509 Family Albulidae-bonefishes Albula uulpee . bonefish 194-415 219-432 Family Belonidae Strongytura mu ina Atlantic needlefish 50 Fam11y Ariidae-sea catfishes Arius folie sea catfish 18 179-375 Family Batrachoididae-toadfishes gpsanus beta Gulf toadfish 104 Family Cyprinodontidae-kl ill fishes 18-51 gprlnodon uariegatus sheepshead minnow 358 10-44 2181 Ploridichthys carpio goldspotted killif1sh 1949 12-47 3351 18-62 Pundulus con fluentus marsh killifish 5 37-55 Pundulue grandie f Gul kil I 1 fish 10 45-93 Eucania parca rainwater kil fish 1 1 18 16-33 2 26-29 Fam1 ly Poec1111dae-1 ivebearers Belonesar belisanus pike ki 1 1 if ish 2 99-101. 2 55-107 Peocilia latipinna sailfin molly 111 19-62 341 20-74 Family Atherinidae-sil vers ides Atherlnarsorus etipes hardhead silverside 17 26-45 Henidia beryl lina tidewater silverside 15 23-46 42-52

'ABLE II I.C-14 (Continued)

NUHBER OF INDIVIDUALS AND RANGE OF STANDARD LENGTHS OF SHELLFISHES AHD FISHES COLLECTED WITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEH DECEHBER 1974-DECEMBER 1976 ecember 9 -December 97 Januar 976-December 9 um er ange o Number Range o Scientif ic Name Coamon Name of Individuals 'en Standard ths mn of Indi vi dual s Standard Len ths mn Family Syngnathidae-pipefishes Sgngnathus sp. pipefish 51-73 Hippocampus erectus lined seahorse 80 Family Echeneidae-remoras Echeneis naucratcs sharksucker 458 Family Carangidae-jacks Cabana crJJeos blue runner 380 Caranx hippos crevalle jack 370 Selene vomer lookdown 268 Trachinotus falcatus permit 385 Family Lutjanidae-snappers hut/anus cpAfMs schoolmaster 9 209-240 8 174-370 liutJanus gpLeeus gray snapper 28 164-336 16 178-444 Family Gerreidae-mojarras Mapterus plumi eri striped mojarra 3 158-427 3 140-241 Eucinostomus argenteuo spotfin mojarra 8 31-115 3 29-123 Eucinoetomue gula silver jenny 4 115-121 1 113 .

Gerree cinereus yellowfin mojarra 68 105-300 55 155-256 Family Sciaenidae-drums Menticirrhus littoralis Gulf kingfish fragment Family Ephippidae-spadefishes Chaetodipterus faber Atlantic spadefish 140-296 280-359 Family Hugilidae-mullets Hugil cephalus striped mullet 230-368 13 300-574 Family Pomadasyidae-grunts Haemulon parrai sailors choice 17 197-278 234-295 Haemu ion eci urus bluestriped grunt 31 '86-267 11 9 199-267

TABLE I II.C-14 (Continued)

NUHBER OF INDIVIDUALS AND RNIGE OF STANDARD LEtIGTHS OF SHELLFISHES NID FISHES COLLECTED MITHIN THE TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEH DECEHBER 1974-DECEHBER 1976 ecember 9 -December 1975 Januar 976-December 9 6 um er ~ Range of Number Range of of Standard of Standard Scientific Kame Coamon Name Indi vidual s. Len ths sm Individuals Len ths sm Family Sparidae-porgies Lagodon rhasboides pinf ish 131 Family Sphyraenidae-barracudas Sphgraena barracuda great barracuda -12 365-557 3 457-522 Family Gobiidae-gobies Gobionellus sp. goby 2 17-19 Lophogobius 'cyprinoidce crested goby 15 31-61 27 25-71 0icrogobius microlepie banner goby 1 40 Fami ly Tetraodontidae-puffers Sphoeroides testudineus checkered puffer 28 tto length on one individual (fragment)

~v

',i FISHES OBSERVED TABLE III;C-15 OR COLLECTED PRIOR TO JANUARY 1976 AND NOT FOUND AFTER THIS DATE, TURKEY POINT COOLING CANAL SYSTEM Scaentsfsc Name Common Name Arius @elis sea catfish Atherinomorus stipes hardhead silverside CarcpLc cppsos blue runner C. hippos crevalle jack Centropomus undecimalis snook GobioneZZus sp. goby Menticirrhus littoralis Gul f kingfish Microgobius microlepis banner goby Mugi Z curema white mullet Scarus guacamaia rainbow parrotfish Selene vomer 1 ookdown Sphoeroides testudineus checkered puffer Strongplura notata redfin needl cfish Syngnathus sp. pipefish Synodus foetens inshore lizardfish 0

C-33

3

~

ZZI .. D. BENTHOS

1. MACROIN VERTEBRATES Introduction The Turkey Point cooling canal system is a unique habitat in that it is a closed marine ecosystem. This study documents changes which have occurred in the benthic macroinvertebrate populations since they were c'ut off from outside recruitment some four years ago. The species present and their relative abundances were analyzed so that projections of future community behavior might then be made.

Benthic macroinvertebrates are animals large enough to be seen by the unaided eye and can be retained by a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve (0.595 mm mesh; EPA, 1973). They live at least part of their life cycles within or upon any available substrata. Their sensitivity to external stress due to relatively limited mobility, diverse trophic structure, varied habitat preferences, and relatively long life span:enable. benthic comnunities to exhibit characteristics which are a function of environmental conditions in the recent past.

t These conmunities have been shown to reflect the effects, of temperature, salinity, depth, current, and substratum. In addition, benthic macro-invertebrates are also important members of the food web as prey to.

many species of the upper water column (EPA, 1973). I

Materials and Methods Benthic macroinver tebrates were collected and analyzed using methods and materials recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1973), .Holme and McIntyre (1971), APHA (1971), and NESP (1975).-

The bottom substrata of the Turkey Point cooling canal system were sampled with an Ekman grab. The device used was a 6" x 6" metal box equipped with spring-loaded jaws which closed when tripped with a messenger weight. The enclosed substratum was then raised to the surface and washed through a No. 30 mesh sieve to remove fine sediment and detritus particles. All, material retained on the

. sieve was preserved in a 1:1 mixture of Eosin B and Biebrich Scarlet stains in a 1:1000 concentration of 5Ã formalin (Williams, 19?4).

These stains color animal tissue red and enable faster, more accurate hand sorting of benthic samples.

Three replicate grab samples were taken in May and November of 1976 at each of eight sampling stations (Figure III.0.1-1).

Replication is necessary fot valid statistical analysis because of variation in distribution patterns of benthic fauna (EPA, 1973).

Sampling at Station RC.O was hindered by the fact that the sub-stratum was very rocky, thus allowing the grab to shut without 0.1-2

enclosing a sample. No reliable data could be obtained at this station.

Biomass analyses of the samples were made on a dry weight basis, exclusive of molluscan shells. Mhole samples were dried at 105'C for four hours, then weighed on a Mettler H32 analytical balance (EPA, 1973). Biomass per square meter and density per square meter were calculated by taking the sum of the results of the. three replicate samples and multiplying by the appropriate factor.

The Shannon-Meaver Index of Diversity and the equitability component were also computed from the data (see section entitled.

Diversity and Equitability);

Results and Di'scussion Benthic macroinvertebrates at Turkey Point were of four main groups: polychaete marine worms, molluscs (snails and bivalves),

crustaceans, and a miscellaneous group of. diverse animals which were present irregularly and.in small numbers (Tables III.Q.1-1 through III.D.1-7). Polychaetes were the most abundant group.

Additional invertebrates were collected during fish surveys (see Section C). These included species of commercially important decapod crustaceans, namely stone crabs, blue crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.

Density of benthic macroinvertebrates in the canal system was II dependent on sample site and ranged from 259 individuals per square meter at Station F.l to 5301 at Station RC.2. Density has declined steadily from a high of 5928 individuals/m in December 1975 to a low of 2212/m in November 1976. This was the lowest density recorded in the past two years of sampling (Figure III.D.1-2). Populations at all stations were numerically dominated by polychaete worms.

In general, stations in the return canal area (Stations RC.2.

E3.2, and RF.3; Figure III.D.l-l) were observed to have greater densities than those stations on the western side of the canal system (Stations WF.2, W18.2, and W6.2). Station F.l, at the immediate plant discharge,'consistently had the lowest density (Table III.D.1-7).

These lowest densities occurred in the presence of the highest recorded temperatures (Table, III.D.1-8). The general trend was of increased density with decreased temperature and increased distance from the discharge (flow in the canal system is generally counter-clockwise).

However, no significant correlation could be made between water temperature and macroinvertebrate density.

Coincident with the general decrease in mean density, mean biomass/m~ was lower in November than in May yet higher than in December 1975 (Figure III.D.1-3). Data taken over the past two years indicate a seasonal oscillation of biomass with higher levels in late spring. Biomass was far more variable among stations in

November than in May. Station RC.2 had the greatest biomass, 10.417 g/m~ (Table III.D.1-3), while Station W18.2 had the least biomass, 0.912 g/m~ (Table III.D.1-4).

Mean diversity of the benthic community in November 1976 was the second highest ever recorded at Turkey Point (Figure III.D.1.4).-

Diversity had been expected to continue the downward trend which began in May 1975 (Florida Power 5 Light Co., 1976), but such was not the case. Diversity was highest in the canal system in May 1975 when 38 species were recorded from all eight stations combined. Twenty-five species were found in December 1975 and 24 in May-1976. In November 1976 the number of species found increased to 29 because of increased numbers of crustaceans and molluscs.

Despite the increased number of non-polychaete species in November, the percentage of the total number of individuals composing these species continued to decrease, as noted in a previous report (Florida Power 8 Light Co., 1976). Between May 1975 and November 1976, the percentage-,of'olychaetes increased from 58.55 to 91. 5%. Molluscs decreased steadily from 18.05 to 2. 5X during this period while crustaceans decreased from 16.2% to 4.85 (Figure III.D.1-5). Future sampling will: determine whether this increased diversity is the beginning of a trend.

D.'1-5

These observed continual reductions in the number of mollusc and crustacean individuals make it unlikely that these animals can repro-duce sufficiently to ensure their survival in the canal system. Should this trend continue, only a comounity of deposit-feeding polychaete worms will remain. This trend is expected to continue due to a lack r

of means to introduce new species and individuals to the canal system.

Polychaete worms are known to tolerate wider variances in environ-mental conditions than most other animals. Several studies have shown them to be among the only animals capable of surviving the effects of thermal outfalls (Markowski, 1960; Harinner and Br ehmer, 1965 and 1966).

Studies in Southern California have reported polychaetes to survive in heavily polluted areas with 'restricted circulation (Reish, 1956 and 1959).

Bandy et al. (1965) reported that polychaetes outnumbered other groups eight to one at an ocean sewage outfall. Polychaetes are thus best suited for life in an area of elevated temperature, restricted circulation, and highly organic substratum such as the Turkey Point canal system..

Conclusion The general trends of the benthic macroinvertebrate community during 1976 were decreased density and biomass coupled with an unexpected slight rise in diversity. Polychaete worms continued and increased their dominance of the benthic community. Polychaetes are expected to continue to dominate and eventually to comprise virtually the entire invertebrate fauna of the canal system.

Oiversit and E uitabilit EPA, 1973 Oiversity indices are an additional. tool for measuring the quality of the environment and the effect of induced stress on the structure of a community of macroinvertebrates. Their use is based on the generally, observed phenomenon tha't undisturbed environments support communities having large numbers of species with no individual species present in overwhelming abundance.

If the species in such a community are ranked on the basis of their numerical abundance, relatively few species will have large numbers of individuals and large numbers of species will be represented by only a few individuals. Many forms of stress tend to reduce diversity by making the environment unsuitable.

for .some species or by giving other species a competitive advantage.

Species diversity has two components: the number of species (species richness) and the distribution of individuals among the species (species evenness). The inclusion of this latter component renders, the diversity index independent of sample size.

The Shannon-Meaver index of diversity (d) (Lloyd, Zar, and Karr,=1968) calculates mean .diversity and is recommended by the EPA (1973) ~

0.1. 7

C d = (N 1 og10 N ~ ni 1 o910'i N

where: C = 3.321928. (converts base 10 log to base 2)

N = total number of individuals ni= total number of individuals of the i species.

Mean diversity as calculated above is affected by both species richness and evenness and may range from 0 to 3.321928 log N.

To evaluate the component of diversity due to the distribution of individuals amo'ng the species (equitabi lity), compare the calcu-lated d with a hypothetical maximum 3 based on an arbitrarily selected distribution. This hypothetical maximum would occur when all species are equally abundant. Since this phenomenon is quite unlikely in nature, Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) proposed the term "equitability" and compared 8 with a'maximum based on the distribution obtained from MacArthur's (1957) "broken stick" model. The MacArthur model results in distribution quite fi equently observed in nature one with a few abundant species and increasing numbers of species represented by only a few.

individuals. Sample data are not expected to conform to the MacArthur model, since it is only being used as a measure against which the distribution of abundances is compared. Equitability D.l-8

values may range from zero to one except in rare cases where the distribution in the sample is more equitable than in the MacArthur modeT.

I Equitability is computed by:

S'S where: S = number of taxa in the sample S'= hypothetical maximum number of taxa in the sample based on a table devised by Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964).

Mhen Milhm (1970) evaluated diversity indices calculated from data collected by numerous authors, he found that in unpolluted water d was generally between 3 and 4, whereas in polluted water 3 was generally less than 1. However, data collected from southeastern United States waters by EPA biologists have shown'that where degradation is at slight to moderate levels, 3 lacks the sensitivity to demonstrate differences.

Equitability, on the contrary, is very sensitive to demonstrate differences. Equitability levels below 0.5 have not been encountered in southeastern waters known .to be unaffected by oxygen-demanding wastes, and in such waters, e generally ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Even slight levels of degradation have been found to reduce equitability below 0.5, generally to a range of 0.0 to 0.3.

LITERATURE CITED APHA. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste-water, 13th ed. American Public Health Assoc.,

New York. 874 pp.

Bandy, 0. L., J. C. Ingle, and J. M. Resig. 1965. Modification of foraminiferal distribution by the Orange County outfall, California. 4cean Sci. Ocean Engr. 1:54-76.

EPA. 1973. Biological field and laboratory methods for measuring the quality of surface waters and effluents. C. I. Meber, ed. EPA-670/4-73-001. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Cincinnati.

Florida Power 8 Light Co. 1976. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4:

semiannual environmental report No. 7, January 1, 1976, through July 31, 1976. Miami, Fla.

Holme, N. A., and A. D. McIntyre. 1971. Methods for the study of marine benthos. IBP Handbook No; 16. Blackwell 's Oxford.. 396 pp.

• Lloyd, M., and R. J. Ghelardi.'964. A table for calculating the "equitability" component of species diversity.

J. Anim. Ecol. 33:217-225.

'f Lloyd, M., J. H. Zar, and J. R. Karr. 1968. On the calculation information - theoretical measures of diversity.

Amer. Mid. Natur. 79(2):257-272.

MacArthur, R. H. 1957. On the relative abundance of bird species.

Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, D.C. 43:293-295.

Markowski, S. 1960. Observations on the response of some benthonic organisms to power station cooling water. J. Anim. Ecol.

29(2):249-357.

NESP. 1975. National environmental studies project. Environ-mental impact monitoring of nuclear power plants: source book of monitoring methods. Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio. 918 pp.

Reish, D. J. 1956. An ecological study of lower San Gabriel River, California, with special reference to pollution. Calif.

Fish Game 42:53-61.

. 1959. An ecological study of pollution in. Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbors, California. Allan Hancock Occ. Paper

22. 119 pp.

LITERATURE CITEO continued Warinner, J. E., and M. L. Brehmer. 1965. The effects of thermal effluents on marine organisms. Proc. 19th Industrial Waste Conf. Purdue Univ. Eng. Ext. Ser. 117:479-492.

1966. The effects of thermal effluents on marine organisms.

M 0 P i1. I t. J. 10:277-289.

Wilhm, J. L. 1970. Range of diversity index in benthic macro-invertebrate populations. J. Water. Poll. Fed. 42(5):R221-R224.

Williams, G. E., III. 1974. New techniques to facil'itate hand-picking macrobenthos. 'rans. Amer. Micros. Soc'. 93(2):220-226.

0.1-11

F.l RC.O

/

'o'6.2

/ ~ illl 4 ~

W18.2 WF.2 E3.2

il OOO 40 ~ RC.2 o o RF.3 FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT MACROBENTMOS SAMPLING

~ ~ STATION LOCATIONS AtPLICO OIOLOOY, INC.

FI ure III.0.1-1 0.1-12

X O

O O

X CO CO X

a ~

O K

U O

O 0

MAY DEC MAY NOV l975 l976 Figure III.D.1-2; Mean number of individuals per square meter, May 1975-November 1976.

0 MAY MAY 1975 1976 Figure III.O. 1-3. Mean biomass per square meter, May l975-November l976.

lK Ld ~

g CO 2

Cl Z

0 g zW xbJ I CO Z 0

MAY DEC MAY NOV 1975 1978 Figure III.D.1-4. Hean diversity, May 1975-November 1976.

lOO 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

-lO 0

MAY l975 DECC'AY l976 NOV Q poLvcHan.es CRUSTACEANS fAOLLUSCS .OTHER Figure III.D.1-5. Structure of benthic macroinvertebrate comunity, May 1975-Hovember 1976.

TABLE III.0.1-'f RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION RC. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Phylum Echiurida echiuroid worms 2halassema hartmani 21 10 Class Polychaeta worms AmphiWeis gunneri fEoridus Autolycus brevicirrata 135 161 Cirrifomia fiHgera 7 26 SbrviZEea s'ociabi Zis 14 14 GZycera americana 10 MaEdane sarsi 8 Marphysa sanguinea 9 lFereis succinea 21 51 Odontosy ZZis enopEa 7 Podarke obscuz'a Polydora Hgni 36 49,'8 Class Gastropoda snai ls Prunum apicinum Class Pelecypoda bivalves GouEdia cerina Class Pycnogonida sea spiders Anoplodac+Zus Zentua Class Crustacea ostracods CpHndroleberia mariae 13 Sm sic EEa americana 7 2 amphipods ZZasmopus rahu 6 l

Microdeutopus gry Zotalpa 7 1 shrimp Alpheus azmiZEatus 2 Palaemonetes sp. larvae 6 0.1-17

TABLE I II.D.,1-1 (continued)

RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION. RC. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 rep1icates S ecies Ma November Tota1 / station 296 369 Biomass / station (g) 0.287 0.725 Density / m~ 4253 5301 Biomass / m~ (g) *4.124 10.417 Index of diversity 2.54 2.96 Equi tab i 1 i ty 0.80 0.55

TABLE-III.D.1-2

'RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION. E3. 2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Phylum Echiuri da echiuroid woms Bur,lassema hartmani Class Polychaeta worms Amphicteis gunnem floridus 7 45 Auto Zy~ brevicirra5z 184 60 Cirriformia filigera 171 14 GomriZZea sociabi Hs 93 14 Zaploscoloplos fragi Hs 28 Zydroides sp. 7 Lumbrinereis sp.

Haldane sarsi 2.

Narphysa sanguinea 10 Nereis sp. 5 iFereis succinea 14 21 Odontosyllis enopZa 14 PEatpnereis dumeriZlii .7 Podai ke obscura 206 21 Polydora Zigni 2 Polyophthalmus pictus-7'70 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Gouldia cerina Class Crustacea

'stracods CyHndroleberis mariae 93 amphi pods Hicrodeuupus gryZZoMZpa 7 shrimp, 'Palaemonetes spp. larvae Total / station 1008 212 0.395 Biomass / station (g) 0.562 3042 Density / m~ 14483 5.681 Biomass / m2 '(g) 8.065 2.99 3.06 Index of diversity Equi tabi1 i ty 0.80 0. 91

TABLE III.0.1-3 RESULTS OF BENTHIC. MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION. RF.3 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Class Polychaeta worms Amphicteis gunneri fEozidus 35 63 Autolytus bz evicirrata 135 14 fi Cirriformia Zigera Dorvi EZea sociabiZi s 7 3 3

Glycera americana 16 Lumbrinereis sp. 3 Maldane sarsi 3 Marphysa sanguinea lFereis sp. 15 kreis succinea 16 Pista cristata 35 PEatynereis dumeri lEii 7 57 Podm ke obscura 14 15 Polydora Eigni 22 Class Pelecypoda bivalves Astarte nana 1 G'ouldia cerina 21 6 Class Crustacea ostracods CylindroEeberis mariae 121 amphipods Elasmopus rapaz 14 Microdeutopus gryZEotalpa 7 s "rimp Palaemonetes sp. 1 ar va Total / station 410 244 Biomass / station {g) 0.483 0.167 Density / m~ 5891 3506 Biomass / m2 {g) 6.940 2.405 Index of diversity 2.71 3.21 Equi tabi 1 i ty 0.83 0.71 0.1-20

TABLE I II.D.1-4 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION. WF.2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Class Polychaeta worms Autolptue brevicirrata 28 fi Cirriformia bi@era DorviZZea eociabiZie 28 GZycera americana 2 Nereis euccinea 19 Odontosyllis enopla 7 Platpnereie dumeril Zii 35 70 Podarke obscura 49 E'olpdora Zigni 12 Class Gastropoda snails Batillaria minima Class Pelecypoda

. bivalves Astarte nana 1 Brachidontes encstus 1

.Gouldia cerina 5 Lyonsia floridana Class Crustacea shrimp Alpheus armiZZatus Total / station 168 115 Biomass / station (g) 0.429 0. 095'652 Density / m2 2414 Biomass / m~ (g) 6.164 1. 369 Index of diversity 2.62 1.85 Equitability 1.06 0.52 0.1-21

TABLE I I I.D.1-5 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING ,

STATION W18.2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Class Polychaeta worms Autolycus brevicirra5a 14 2 fi Cirriformia Zigera 21 Glycera americana 2 iFereis succinea 19 Platynereis dumeriZZii 14 22 Podarke obscura 78 Polydora ligni 6 Class Pelecypoda bivalves G'ouldia cerina Class Crustacea amphipods ZZasmopus rapt+: 21 shrimp Palaemcnetes sp. larva Total / station 148 56 Biomass / station (g) 0.185 0. 064 Density / m2 2126 805 Biomass / m~ 2.658 0. 912 Index of diversity 1.94 2.12 Equitability 1.00 0. 83 D. 1-22

TABLE I I I.D.1-6 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION tt6.2 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates S ecies Ma November Class Polychaeta worms AufoEy~ bzevicirrahz 220 Cirriformuz fiZigera 56 succinea 'ereis 34 PEatpnereis dumeriEZii 56 7 Podarke obscura 134 1 PoEydora Zigni 8 Class Gastropoda snails BuZEa occidentaZis 21

-Class Pelecypoda, bivalves Chione grus GouEdia cerina Class Crustacea ostracods CyÃindroEeberis mariae tanaids IeptocheEia savignyi isopods Aegathoa ocuEate amphipods Zemiaegina minus Total / station 508 . 64 Biomass / station (g) 0.476 0. 291 Density / m2 7299 919 Biomass / m~ 6.839 4.181 Index of diversity 2.18 2.23 Equi tabi 1 i ty 0. 76 0. 70 D. 1-23

TABLE I II.0.1-7 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION F. 1 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Sum of 3 replicates ecies Ma November Class Polychaeta worms Autoly~ br evicirrata 1 Glycera americana ' 6 iFereis succinea 21 .

Podarke obscura 7 1 Polydora ligni Class Gastropoda snails BaÃllaria minima Bulla occidentaHs Cl ass Crustacea copepodC Zarpacticus sp.

Total / station 84 18 Biomass / station (g) 0. 434 0. 081 Oensity / m~ 1106 259 Biomass / m~ (g) 6.236 1.167 Index of diversity 1. 24 2.22 Equitability 0.97 1. 04 D. 1-24

TABLE III.D.1-8 MATER TEMPERATURE ('C) RECORDED DURING BENTHIC MACROINYERTEBRATE SAMPLING TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976 Station November F. 1 33.3 31 ..5 M6. 2 31.5 20. 3 M18.2 31. 3 19. 5 WF.2 31.3 19. 8 RF.3 31. 5 21. 0

, E3.2 30. 0 20. 0 RC. 2 30.2 23. 0 RC.0 30.0 24. 0 D.1-25

1

2. MICROBIOLOGY Introduction The bacteriological study of the Turkey Point canal system was conducted to provide information concerning the bacterial popu-lation of the canal sediments. Because the majority of all bacteria are heterotrophic organisms, they are primarily responsible for the breakdown of organic material rather than its production. The main function performed by bacteria in water and sediment is therefore the mineralization of organic material, which in turn provides the limiting nutrients necessary for the primary producers to survive and generate more organic material. This continual cycling of dissimil'atory'and assimilatory processes is the mechanism by which cutrienfs remain .balanced by the intact system.

This study had three primary objectives. The first was to estimate the total number of heterotrophic bacteria present in the sediments of the canal system. Secondly, a representative sample of the bacterial isolates was characterized and grouped taxonomically to determine the diversity of the bacterial popula-tion present. The third objective involved testing the isolates for their ability to utilize various substrates. These sub-strates included representative members from the three major classes of organic macromolecules (protein, carbohydrate, lipid) which are probably present in the canal system.due to the death

0. 2-1

and lysis of larger organisms. Other smaller organic substrates as well as inorganic molecules which are involved in the nitrogen and sulfur cycles were also tested.

Materials and Methods Sam le collection for bacterial anal sis Sediment samples were collected monthly with a gravity-type core sampler (Wildco Supply Company) at eight stations within the canal system and three stations in Biscayne Bay (Figure III.D.2-1). A sample of the top 2 cm of sediment from each station was placed in a sterile container, reanalysis.

cooled to 4'C in an ice chest, and shipped to the laboratory for Estimation of total number of heterotro hic bacteria Immed-iately after arriving in the laboratory, a known weight of each sample was added to 99 ml of artificial seawater and shaken, and a serial dilution was made. From appropriate dilutions, a most-probable-number (MPH) analysis (APHA, 1976) was performed by using O. 1-ml inoculations into triplicate tubes of broth containing 3A trypticase-soy-broth and 0.1% yeast extract. The inoculated tubes were incubated at 25'C and checked for growth at intervals for 10 I

days.

D. 2-2

Characterization of bacterial isolates O.l-ml inoculum A

was taken from an appropriate dilution of a sample from each station and streaked onto an agar plate (Marine Agar 2216). The plates were incubated at 25'C for 3 to 5 days and observed for growth

'f bacterial colonies. Three colonies (isolates) were randomly selected from=each plate to be characterized.

The following observations and procedures (Society of American Bacteriologists, 1957) were performed on all isolates, and.they were grouped taxonomically according to the results:

1. gram stain 2., cell morphology

3. oxidase test.

4. moti 1 i ty test

5. colony appearance

6. dissimilation of carbohydrates Utilization of various substrates Each .isolate was tested as outlined in Table III.D.2-1 in order to ascertain the potential of the isolate to utilize various groups of substrates. The methodology used was that provided by the manufacturer of the product or that found in the Manual of Microbiolo ical Methods (Society of American Bacteriologists, 1957).

0.2-3"

Chemical anal sis Samples containing a combination of '

water and sedimerit were taken at the same canal and bay stations as the bacteriological samples (Figure II.D.2-1). These samples were collected with a Wildco gravity-type core sampler and placed in one-liter screwcap polypropylene bottles containing HgClz (40 mg/1) as a preservative. Immediately after collection, the samples were placed in an ice chest and kept at 4'C until analyzed.

Samples were analyzed for soluble amnonia, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfide, sulfite, phosphate,and insoluble sulfate, sulfide, and sulfite. Standard APHA analytical methods were used (Table III.D.2-2) and the results were compiled monthly for each station. These data are summarized in Tables III.D.2-3 through III.D.2-12. Laboratory procedures were performed by MacMillan Research prior to June 1976, while those after July were divided between Dunn Laboratories and Applied Biology, Inc.

Results and Discussion Table III.D.2-13 shows the distribution of heterotrophic bacteria per gram o7 soil at the ll sampling stations as estimated by the MPN analysis. Mean values are given for the three stations in well as for the eight stations within the canal system

'he bay as on a monthly and yearly basis. The 12-month mean bacterial count for the canal stations was approximately three times greater than the mean value for Biscayne Bay, and .each canal station with the-exception of two (E3.2 and RC.O) had a bacterial count at least D. 2-4

twice as high as the average Biscayne Bay station. This increase in canal population as compared to the bay is consistent with previous findings (Florida Power & Light Company, 1976). in which the mean bacterial count for the 12-month period was two to three times higher in the canal stations than in the bay stations. There L

appeared to be no consistent. seasonal variation in the magnitude of either the bay or canal bacterial population.

The bacterial isolates selected for taxonomic identification were characterized according to the procedures listed in the Materials arid Methods section. Table III.0.2-14 shows a distribution of the isolates divided into six groups. Organisms which were found to be gram negative rods were grouped according to. a scheme put forth by Shewan (1963). Group I, which contains species of Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Xanthomonas, -are characterized as oxidase positive, gram nega'tive motile rods. Group II are gram negative, non-motile rods that are non-pigmented; these are either Achromobacter or Alcaligenes. Group III contain Flavobacter and Cytophaga which are gram negative, non-motile rods",that are pigmented: Group IV are gram positive rods; Group V are cocci; and Group VI are bacteria which do not fit the preceding groups.

The substrate utilization tests indicated that the b'acterial isolates tested were capable of degrading a wide range of organic substrates.

0. 2-5

Table III.D.2-16 lists the monthly percentage of bacterial isolates capable of hydrolyzing casein, a common milk protein.

The percentages range from 31.2 to 90.9% with a 12-month average of 63.9%. Proteins are hydrolyzed to polypeptides and then further degraded to amino acids, which then can be deaminated to produce ammonia and various organic acids. The organic acids can be used as substrates for other bacteria as either building blocks for growth or as energy sources in oxidation or fermenta-tion reactions. The amnonia can enter the nitrogen cycle and be oxidized to produce nitrites and nitrates by the, nitrifying bacteria Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas. These two genera are strict aerobes and chemo-autotrophic, so they cannot be isolated

- on the heterotrophic media used in this study. A test which measured the amoonification of peptone indicated that approximately 46K of the bacterial isolates were capable of producing ammonia from peptone and hence could start the process by which protein nitrogen becomes mineralized to nitrates.

Carbohydrates are a complex group of compounds which include-such diverse macromolecules as cellulose, starch, and chitin.

Table III.0.2-16 lists the percentages of bacterial isolates capable of hydrolyzing chitin, which is a polymer'of N-acetyl-glucosamine.

The percentages range from 33.3 to 9Q.9% with no apparent seasonal trends. The average percentage of isolates capable of hydrolyzing chitin was 49.6%. The breakdown of chitin also shunts ammonia into D.2-6

the nitrogen cycle,and provides simple sugars as substrates for a number of reaction possibilities. Starch, which is a macromolecule 4

utilized almost universally as an energy storage product, was degraded by approximately 68.85 of the bacteria isolated in November and December.

r The breakdown products of the complex carbohydrates are simple j

sugars such as the monosaccharides, glucose and mannitol, and the disaccharides, saccharose and "lactose. These simple carbohydrates can be further degraded to provide energy and smaller molecules used as building blocks by many bacteria. Table III.D.2-.17 shows the percentage of the bacterial isolates capable of metabolizing four simple sugars. Glucose is utilized most frequently (58K) with mannitol (33.4%) and saccharose (33.4X) being metabolized less C

frequently. Lactose (4.1%) is metabolized very infrequently which indicates the scarcity of coliform organisms in the area under study.

Lipids are a varied group of macromolecules which are more 4 I resistant to degradation-.than are proteins and carbohydrates. Very little activity was found by the. bacterial isolates on olive oil, which was used as the sample lipid. Additional tests will be implemented next year to increase the amount-of information" on. the;.

isolates'ossible utilization of lipids.'

D. 2-7

I Table III.D.2-18 lists the percentage of bacterial isolates

.showing chromogenicity over a 12-month period; the percentages range from 16.7 to 54.6X, with a 12-month average of 34.8%.

During bacterial metabolism, nitrate can sometimes serve as a terminal electron acceptor and hence be reduced to nitrite or anmonia. Therefore some bacteria can serve to oxidize ammonia to nitrate, as previously discussed, while others employing different metabolic reactions can reduce nitrate to ammonia.

When grown in Indole Nitrate Medium, 25K of the bacterial isolates were capable of reducing nitrates to nitrites.

The reduction of sulfate is a key reaction in tge sulfur cycle and can be accomplished by two general processes. The first is assimilatory sulfate reduction which can be performed by many bacteria and,other larger organisms:. The purpose of this assimila-tory process is to reduce sulfate to sulfite or sulfide in order to incorporate it into a molecule utilized as a building block such as a sulfo-lipid or a sulfur containing amino acid. This process produces very little excess sulfide. The second type of reduction is termed dissimilatory sulfate reduction and is common only to a very limited group of bacteria. These bacteria are called sulfate-reducing bacteria and are limited to two genera, Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum. They are strict anaerobes and use sulfate (SO< ) as the, terminal electron acceptor in respiration. Sulfa'te D.2-8

is reduced to the level of sulfide (S ) which is released in copious amounts as hydrogen sulfide gas.

Because sulfate-reducing bacteria are anaerobes, they cannot be isolated according to the procedures normally used to isolate facultatively anaerobic or aerobic heterotrophs. A procedure was initiated in November to estimate the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria at each station normally sampled. A soil sampl.e is taken serially diluted -in screwcap test tubes containing 10 ml of

'nd API sulfate-reducing agar kept in a liquid state at 45'C. After solidification of the. agar., the tu'bes are incubated at 25'or one to two weeks and checked for black colonies which indicate sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results for November and December. ~

are shown in Table III.D.2-19. These are preliminary results, but S

indicate that a more complete serial dilution will provide good estimations of the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria present:

'n the soils sampled.

A test in,whichibacterial isolates have been grown in triple /

sugar agar containing iron and sulfate was, performed during the previous 12 months. Blackening of the media in this test indicates the presence of either assimilatory sulfate reduction or a putrification process in which sulfur-.containing molecules such as methionine have been broken down to release sulfides. The mean 12-month average for a positive reaction in this test was only 4.25.-

D;2-9

LITERATURE CITED American Public Health Association. 1976. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 14th ed; New York.

Florida Power 5 Light Company. 1976. Semiannual environmental 1

monitor ing report No. 6, Turkey Point Units 3 and 4.

Miami, Florida.

Shewan, J. M. 1963. The differentiation of certain'genera of gram negative bacteria frequently encountered in marine environments. Pages 449-521 in Symposium on marine microbiology. C. D. Thomas, Springfield, Ill; Society of American Bacteriologists. 1957. Manual of microbiolog-ical methods. McGraw-Hill, New York.

ADDITIONAL SOURCES Fincher, E. L., project director. 1975. Ecological studies of a subtropical terrestrial biome: microbial ecology. Annual report to Florida Power 8 Light Company.. Ga-.- Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, Ga.

Rheinheimer, G. 1974. Aquatic microbiology. John,Wiley 8 Sons, London.

Stevenson. L. H., and R. R. Colwell, 1973. Estuarine microbial ecology. Univ. of South Carolina Press, Columbia. S.C.

D. 2-10

F.l RC.O Wb.2 Bl S CAY NE BAY I~

WF.2 E3.2 400 RC.2 RF.3 FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT MICROBIOLOGY SAMPLING STATIONS 1976 ittlCO ~ lOLOOTy INCe FI ure Ill.0.-

TABLE III.D.2-1 TESTS FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBSTRATE UTILIZATION TURKEY POINT PLANT ~

est Medium Ammonifi cation of Peptone (1) 1% peptone b'roth (2) Ammonia .tested with .Nessler's reagent Ammonification of Chitin (1) Purified chitin in seawater (2 Ammonia tested with Nessler's reagent Metabolism of Carbohydrates (1) Specific sugar broths containing phenol red indicator Nitrate Reduction (1) Indole-nitrate. medium Casein Hydrolysis (1) Trypticase soy agar + yeast extract-

+ ll dry powder milk Starch. Hydr olysis (1) Trypticase soy agar + yeast extract

+ 1% soluble starch Assimi1atory Sul fate Reducti on .

(1) Triple sugar iron agar Lipid Hydrolysis (1),Spirit blue agar + olive oil D.2-12

TABLE III.D.2-2 METHODS FOR CHEHICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL AND MATER TURKEY POINT PLANT arameter et o e erence Ammonia-Nitrogen Colorimetric APHA, 1976, p. 412 Nitrate-Nitrogen Brucine Ibid., p. 427 Nitrite-Nitrogen Colorimetric Ibid., p. 434 Phosphate Ascorbic acid Ibid.. p. 481 Sulfate soluble) Barium sulfate Sul fate insol'ubl e) Precipitation Ibid., p. 493 Sul fide (solub'le)

Sul fide (insoluble) Col orimetri c Ibid., p. 503 Sulfite (soluble) Titrimetric Sul fite (insoluble) (Iodide-Iodate) Ibid., p. 509 D.2-13

TABLE II I.D.2-3 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA IN PPH TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 Stat on um er Month controls F. 1 M18.2 M6.2. WF. 2 'RF. 3 E3.2 RC. 2 RC.O JAN 5.9 <0.1 2.4 1.8 <0.1 2.4 6.1 0.3 <O.l FEB 3.6'.6 1.9 11.0 1.9 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 MAR 5.5 3.1 3.7 4.9 4.9 1.9 <0.1 4.3 APR 2.1 <0,1 . <0.1 <0.1 '0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 MAY 6.9 4.3 4.4 7.8 4.1 3.3 4.2 4.6 3.3 JUN 4.2 12. 0 11.7 9.3 90. 5" 14.8 15.1 164. 3 <0.1 JUL 0. 04 0. 08 0. 10 0. 07 0.11 0;09 0.13 0.14 0.06 AUG '0.15 0. 27 0.16 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0. 25 0.40 SEP 0.10 0.19 0.14 0.08 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.18 OCT 0.14 0.06 0.06 0. 03 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.12

'- NOV '.04 0.10 0.09 0. 04 0.08 0. 08 0.12 0.19 0.11 DEC 0. 07 0. 08 0.11 0. 08 0.07 0. 08 O. 11 0.13 0.39

TABLE III.D.2-.4 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF NITRATE IN PPH TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEHBER 1976 of Honth Hean controls 3

.'. 1 M18. 2 M6. 2 Sta WF. 2 on um er RF. 3 E3; 2 RC. 2 RC. 0 JAN 165.7 132. 0 242.0 308.0 242.0 154.0 374.0 132. 0 242.0 FEB, .88.0 88.0 88.0 '6.0 88.0 132. 0 132.0 132.0 132. 0 HAR 110.0. '32.0 176. 0 132. 0 154.0 154; 0 154. 0 <0.1 132.0 APR 85.7 - 132.0 44. 0 44. 0 110.0 66.0 66.0 88.0 110.0 HAY 111. 9 -. 132. 0 64. 0 118. 9 115. 6 67. 5 128. 6 125.7 101.8 JUN 104. 9 19. 9 21. 5 19.2 45. 9 16. 7 15.4 56. 9 98.1 JUL 0. 03 0.16 0.35 0. 23 0.67 0.32 0.13 0.31 a AUG 0.12 0. 62 0. 73 0.82 0.72 0.72. 0;53 0. 62 1.39 SEP 0.09 <0.01. 0. 02 0.19 0.08 0.08 0.29 0. 07 0.27 OCT 0.'06 0. 08 0.16 0. 09 0. 08 0. 08 0.09 0.13 0.16 NOV 0. 08 0.40 0.16 0.13 0.25 0,23 0.13 0.25 0. 25 DEC 0. 03 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.10 ,0. 08 0.11 0.08 0,11 a

Insufficient sample for analysis.

TABLE III.D.2-5 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF NITRITE IN PPM TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 ean o 3 Stat on um er Month.. -controls ~

F. 1 M)8.2 W6.2 'F.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2

'8 RC.O JAN 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.8 .

0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 FEB 1.1 1.0 10 1.0 '0.8 0.8 1.2 0.8 MAR 0. 9 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.2 <0.1 0.5 p APR 1 3 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.0- 1.3 1.0 MAY 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6 1.0 JUN <0.001 0. 004 0.030 '.040 0.120 0. 050 0. 030 0. 080 0.004 JUL <0.002 '

0. 006 0.008 0.008 0.01 6 0. 010 0.006 0.010 0.002

.AUG 0.002 . 0.006 0.010 -

0.018 0.012 0.014 0.018 0. 010 0.008 SEP 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.016 0.002 0.012 0. 010 0. 006 0. 006

'OCT 0. 009 0.020 0.036 0.020 0. 018 0.022 0.030 0.012 .

0.012 NOV <0. 002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0. 002

, <0.002 DEC 0.003 0. 006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.004.

TABLE I I I.D.2-6 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFATE IN PPH TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 Station number Canal Month controls 'F.l W18.2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O av .

JAN 2,328 2,165 ',860 2,300 2,545 2,280 2.040 2,235 2,140 2,195 FEB 2,543 2,820 2,595 2,255 2,545 3,165 3,425 3,335 2,300 2,805 MAR =

2,415 2,507 2,120 2,450 2,595 2,623 2,495 <1 2,425 2,459 APR ',672 1,766 2,060 2,293 2,000 1,880 2,000 2.112 1,225 1,917 MAY 2,505 1,965 2,425 2,338 2,436 2,374 2,388 2,678 2,41 5 2 377 JUN 6.394 2;074 2,412 9,775 2,209 2;023 1,670 3,160 124 2,931 JUL 255,000 2,358 2,189 2,616 2,647 2,394 2,273 2,658 2,455 2,449 AUG. .2,060 2,070 2,128 2,290 2,064 1,948 2,083 1,948 1,819 2,043 SEP 2,137 ',967 2,580 2,141 ',322 1,851 2,193 3,225 4,644. 2,615 OCT 1,822 , 2,557 2;193 1,806 2,451 2,451 967 2,515 1,999 2,117 NOV 1,849 2,483 2,418 2,332 2,696 2.650 ',367 2,193 2,167 2,413 DEC 2,198 3,0&0 2,700 3,080 2,850 3,160 :3,190 2,940 3,060 3,007

TABLE II I.D.2-7 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFITE IN PPM TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 . . ., . Sta on. um er Month controls F.l W18.2 . W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 41.7 50. 0 50. 0 50. 0 25.0 50. 0 50.0 50.0 50. 0 FEB 41. 7 25.0 25. 0 50.0 25.0 50. 0 50.0 50. 0 50. 0 MAR 216. 7 150.0 125. 0 220.0 , 175.0 200.0 300.0 <0.1 200.0 APR 73. 7 50. 0 25. 0 50.0 60.0 50. 0 50. 0 65. 0 50. 0 MAY 61.2 75. 0 36. 4 45. 0 56.3 38.3 48.7 47.4 38.6 JUN 13. 5 49. 0 47. 0 49. 0 48.0 47.0 96.0 48.0 ~ 4.0 JUL 8.3 98.2 78. 2 - 72. 5 118. 6 90. 3 75. 6 67. 6 94. 6 AUG <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 OCT <0.1 <0.1 ,

<0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NOV <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

'DEC <0;1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

TABLE III.D.2-8 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFIDE IN PPM TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean o 3,; Stat on um er Month controls F.l W18. 2 W6. 2 WF.2 'RF.3 E3.2 RC. 2 . RC.O JAN 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 1.0 FEB 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.6 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 MAR 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 <0.1 1.8 APR 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.6 1.0" 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.8 MAY 1.2 1.3 .1.4 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 JUN 0.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.4 <0.1 JUL <0.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.5 1.4 1.3 1.0 AUG <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 OCT <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 NOV <0.1 <0. 1 <0'1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 DEC <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

TABLE III.D.2-9 SOLUBLE ORTHO-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN PPM TURKEY POINT PLANT

, JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 of Stat

'F.3er

. Mean 3 on um Month controls F.l W18.2'l6.2 MF.2 E3.2 RC.2 RC.0 JAN 11.0 7.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 9.0 FEB 6.2 7.2 10. 0 .7.2 4.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 10.0 MAR 8.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 2.9 7.2 <0.1 2.9 APR <0;1 5.7 7.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 <0.1 <0.1 MAY 17.9 57.1 51. 9 13.1 26. 7 17.6 . 24. 4 9.5- 14.3 JUN 0.4 6.8 <0.1 <0.1 9.7 6.5 6.7 13. 9 0.3 JUL <0. 01 <0. 01 0. 04 <0. 01 <0.01 <0.01 0.10 <0. 01 <0.01 AUG <0.01 <0. 01 <0; 01 <0. 01 <0.01 <0.01 0.04 0.14 1. 28 SEP <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0. 01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0. 24 OCT 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0. 01 0.02 <0.01 0.02 0.04 NOV 0.02 <0.01 0.01 0. 01 0501 0.01 0. 01 <0.01 =

0.04 DEC 0. 03 <0. 01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

TABLE I I I.D.2-10 INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFATE IN PPH TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 Stat on um er Month controls F.l M18.2 M6.2 MF.2 'RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 180.0 204.0 396. 0 ~

196. 0 223.0 203.0 264. 0 87.0 100.0 FEB 368.3 806.0 235.0 343. 0 136.0 201. 0 219. 0 233. 0 <0.1 MAR 283. 0 286.0 481. 0 500.0 259.0 <0.1 <0. 1 a <0. 1 APR 922.3 1,856.0 351.0 197.0 391. 0 708.0 <0.1 375.0 <0.1 MAY. 621. 5 493.1 239. 0 420.4 127.3 290.8 513.2 415.3 117. 5 JUN <0.1 <0. 1 402. 0 <0.1 192.0 351.0 176.0 209.0 <0-1 JUL a

358. 0 523.0 267.0 417.0 225.0 '33.0 230.0 a

AUG 0.8 0.5 <0.1 <0.1- 0.3 0.3 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP 4.7 2.6 5.2 1;3 <0. 1 9.0 <0.1 1.3 29.7 OCT 3.5 <0.1 6.5 <0.1 0.7 <0. 1 0.7 <0.1 <0.1 NOV <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 DEC <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 a

Insufficient sample for analysis.

TABLE III.D.2-11 INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFITE IN PPM TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 Stat on Num er Month controls F.l W18.2 M6.2 . WF.2 'RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 JAN 25.? 14.0 383;0 113. 0 551. 0 884. 0 914. 0 379. 0 FEB 69.2 711. 0 414. 0 614. 0 -

127. 0 214.0 29. 2 835.0 MAR 111.7 561. 0 999. 0 417. 0 568.0 <0.1 <0.1 APR 287. 3 758.0 '. 530.0 46.0 910.0 625.0 325.0 1,374.0 MAY 52.7 1,376.1 1,156. 5 98. 9 414.4 1,313.3 745. 0 775.2 JUN <0.1 333.0 492.0 374.0 399.0 980.0 ~

398. 0 640. 0 a

JUL 329. 0 211.0 518.0 765. 0 270.0 349. 0 -

1,030. 0 AUG <0.1 . <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP <0.1 <O. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 OCT <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <O. 1 <0.1 <0.1 NOV <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <O. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 DEC <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 '<0.1 <0.1 Insufficient sample for analysis.

TABLE I II.D.2-12 INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS OF SULFIDE IN PPM

.TURKEY POINT PL'ANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Mean of 3 Stat>on um er Month controls F. 1 W18,2 W6.2 WF.2 RF.3 E3.2 RC.2 RC.O JAN 2.1 0.7 67.0 9;1 218.0 172.0 436. 0 98. 0 3.8 FEB 0.8 282.0 85.0 '90.0 53.1 77.4 23.1 230.0 <0.1 MAR 1.7 219. 0 607.0 ,215.0. 239. 0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 APR 4.8 50. 0 106.0 2.4 338. 0, 231. 0 116. 0 593.0 <0.1 MAY 3.3 424.0 387.4 9.5 11&.4 562. 9 69. 4 184. 9 ,94.0 JUN <0.1 26. 0 26. 0 46. 0 5.0 77.0 5.0 33. 0 <0. 1 JUL 42. 0 7.3 76. 33. 0 53. 0 a 93.0 10.0 0'0.

AUG . <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 SEP <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 . <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 OCT <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0. 1 <0. 1 NOV <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0. 1 DEC <0.1 <0. 1 <0;1 <0.1 <0. 1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 Insufficient sample for analysis.

TABLE III.D.2-13 MOST PROBABLE NUMBER OF BACTERIA (x 10 4) PER GRAM OF SOIL TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY DECEMBER 1976 Station location and number Bisca ne Ba .Turke -Point canal s stem Month 3 ean F. H6.2 -H18;2 HF. 2 RF. 3 E3.2 RC. 2 C Mean Jan 210 210 210 210 240 93.0 150 1100 1100 210 150 23. 0 383.5 Feb 74. 4 171.4 12. 0 85.9 45.7, 280. 0 368.0 160.0 450.0 83.3 214. 3 4.2 210. 9 Mar 17.2 7.7 2.8 9.2 15.0 4.3 '57.7 23.1 100.0 18. 2 17.0 5.2 30.1 Apr 91.4 8.5 15.9 38.6 52.3 47.4 441.2 97.9 14.3 62.5 22. 5 105.5 May 18.2 18.5 20. 2 19. 0 571.4 82.8 1 263.0 452.8 153.3 32.9 46.2 9;6 326.5 Jun 17.2 13.5 25.8 18.8 345.5 400.2 320.5 605.0 387.5 75.4 826.4 23.8 373.0 Jul 107. 5 11. 5 14.4 44.3 91. 3 23.4 32.5 28.7 23.0 35.8 95.5 9.60 42.3 Aug <1.82 <2.86 <0.61 <1.76 <1. 67 -1. 67 3.33 6.36 10.0 3.5 16.3 7.27 6.3 Sep 3.6 5.0 1.5 3.4 2.8 5. 4 2.8 10;0 1.6 1.4 1.5 2.2 3.5 Oct 5.8 7.2 6.4 6.5 12. 7 12.1 a 27.3 ~

15.8 23.1 17.9 15.5 Nov 32.6. 30. 7 13.1 25. 5 7.74 .19. 2 7.7 10.4 39.3 3.0 33.3 64.7 23.0 Dec 15.0 ~ 1.6'.2 7.9 18.5 .. 1.1 5.8 16.0 14.0 4.4 16.0 4.9 10.1 .

12-mo avera e 49. 6 40. 7 27.5. 39.2 126.4 80.8. 221. 9 228.1 193. 3 44.0 125.1 16. 2 127.4 No data.

TABLE III.D.2-14 TAXONOMIC GROUPING OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES'URKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY - DECEMBER 1976 Percenta e distribution b month T e of or anism Jan Feb .Mar A r . Ma Jun Jul Au Se Oct Nov Dec Group I Pseudomonas Aeromonas

.Vibrio Xanthomonas 30.0 41.2 47.3 36.4 52.9 63.6 67.7 35.3 58.3 7.7 45.8 12.5 Group II Achromobacter Alcaligenes 30.0 58.8 21.1 54.6 47.1 36.4 33.3 11.7 25.0 23.1 0 Group III Flavobacter Cytophaga 20.0 0 26.1 9.0 0 0 16.7 7.7 0 Group IV Gram positive rods 0 41.2 0 61.5 54.2 87.5 Group V Cocci 0 11.7 0 Group VI Others 20.0 0 5.3 0

TABLE I'II;D.2-15 CASEIN 'HYDROLYS IS TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 Percentage of bacterial isolates Month h drol zin casein Jan 60. 0 Feb 31.2 Mar 33. 9

.Apr 90. 9 May 58.8 Jun 72.7 Jul 66.7 Aug 47.1 Sep 62.5 Oct 70.0 Nov 83.3 ..

Dec 90.0 D.2-26

TABLE III.0.2-16 CHITIN HYOROLYS IS TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 ercentage o bacterial isolates Month h drol zin chitin Jan 60.0 Feb 56.2 Mar 38.9 Apr 90.9 May 29.4 .

Jun 63.7 Jul 33.3 Aug 42.9 Sep 33.3 Oct 38.5 Nov 75.0 Dec 33.3 D.2-27

I TABLE III.D.2-17 SACCHAROLYTIC ACTIVITY OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY - DECEMBER 1976 Percenta e of i so ates meta o i zin t e su ars Month Glucose Saccharose Mannitol Lactose Jan 40.0 30.0 30.0 g0 Feb 6.2 6.2 6.2 0 Mar 77.8 72.2 55.6 0 Apr 45.4 36. 4 27.3 May 64.7 52.9 41.2 Jun 54.6 27.3 27.3 0 Jul 55.6 11.1 33.3 0 Aug 76. 5 35.2 33.3 17. 6 Sep 41.7 20.8 16.6 8.3 Oct 50. 0 50.0 50.0- 0 Nov 83.3 25.0 25.0 12. 5 Dec 100.0 33.3 55. 6 11.1 D.2-28

TABLE III.0.2-,18 CHROMOGENI CITY IN BACTERIAL ISOLATES TURKEY POINT PLANT JANUARY-DECEMBER 1976 ercen age or bacteria3 iso1ates Month showin chromo enicit a

Jan Feb 25.0 Mar 16. 7 Apr 18.2 May 25.1 Jun 54. 6 Ju1 44. 4 Aug 25'. 0 Sep 37. 5 Oct 38. 9 Nov 39. 6 Dec 58.3

a. ~

No data.

0.2<<29'

TABLE III.D.2-19 NUMBER OF SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA PER GRAM OF SOIL TURKEY POINT PLANT NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1976 Station November December 14,?05 33,000 185'84 1,428 F,1 385 384 M6.2 208 <47 M18.2 361 <62 MF.2 333 12F.3 1.785 "<67 E3. 2 161 238 RC. 2 151 <67 RC. 0 588 3,225 D.2-30

zzr.E. TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the status of the plant communities ioeediately adjacent to the Turkey Point cooling canal system. Several potential effects of the cooling canal system on the local flora were examined. These included the possible interruption of surface and groundwater flow and the seepage of salt water into freshwater wetlands.

N Surface water in this area drains in a southeasterly direction through the littoral mangrove communities into Biscayne Bay. Inter-ruption of this runoff by the canal system could result in the altera-

'I tion of plant communities to the west and south of the canal system.

The cooling canal system contains saline water which could potentially flow from.within the system into surrounding habitats.

The introduction of warm saline water into an area could select for euryhaline-species and result in.an increase in the number and diversity of salt-tolerant forms.

P An important method of,evaluating.habitats is- to monitor the, number and diversity of plant species found, in the- habitat, Vegetation is a good indicator of habitat alterations because it is considerably E-1

I less mobile than animal life. Significant changes in a habitat cari be detected by long-term monitoring of the relative abundance and density of plant species.

Many data points were required to determine the vegetation density and composition of an area. To meet this need, a conserva-tive sampling program was devised to maintain adequate statistical power and avoid magnifying the normal fluctuations present in biological populations. This sampling program,was begun in 1974, modified in 1975, and continued in 1976.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine transect lines were established so that six transects ran east-west. adjacent to the western border of the canal system and three transects ran north-south adjacent to the southern border of the canal system (Figure III.E-1). The transect lines were then divided into quarters. Eight quadrats, 5 x '5 m (25 aR), were delineated so that four quadrats lay north (or west) of the transect and four lay south (or east). Thus 72 quadrats were laid out encompassing a sample area of 1800 m~. The 1976 transects were in the same vscinity as the 1975 transects. Although the q uadrats were not identical, the transects of both years passed through similar plant comnunities. The transects and quadrats have now been permanently .

marked and will be used again .in subsequent studies.

E-2

The two principal plant communities west of the canal system were tree islands (woody species) and grasslands (graminoid species).

Because the woody species appeared in clusters surrounded by graminoids, random assignment of. transects would not serve to delineate species differences within these two diverse habitats; Assignment of quadrats along each transect, however,; had to be random to prevent sample bias.

Accordingly, each transect line was specifically selected to be representative of an area so that the first and last quadrats were selected as being either woody or graminoid. The remaining quadrat locations were a fixed distance from the predetermined quadrats and were thus random in relationship to the habitat between the two points.

In order that meaningful comparisons might be made between

'oody and graminoid habitats, an index was employed which could quantify height, diameter, and density for all species sampled.'ndices which allow caaparisons between habitats are comnonly used in botanical surveys. Sample index calculations for, the index derived for this study can be seen in Figure III.E-2. In each quadrat, the data collected'esulted, in a. volume-. density index for each dominant plant species. A"plant volume measurement was taken and summed within each quadrat. guadrats located opposite each other along the transects were averaged into four quadrat, means and used in analysis of variance.'-'3

The drainage canal L-'31 lies slightly west of the Turkey Point canal system. Because much of the vegetation being sampled lay between an active drainage canal and the Turkey Point canal system, suitable control quadrats had to be located outside the influence of both systems. To prevent potential confounding effects of the Flood Control District canal system, control quadrats were located west of L-31 for all east-west transects.

The statistical design was a completely randomized factorial analysis which examined the volume-density variables of two factors:

variance between transects, and variance between quadrats within each transect. Interaction effects between quadrats and transects were also examined. The assumptions for random factorial'nalyses that were met included the following:

a. A random assignment of plant spesies existed within each quadrat.

\

b. Homogeneity of variance existed within each quadrat.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The transition from freshwater prairie to the saline mangrove zone occurred in a west to'ast direction so that all of the western transects were located in a similar freshwater area. The presence of red and white 'mangroves and buttonwood in the experimental area indicated that this area had probably been subject to periodic tidal flooding before the construction of the L-31 canal. In gen'eral.

E-4

however, there appeared to be a slight increase in the diversity of freshwater species over the year 1975 in the western transects.

No such change was noted in the southern transects.

Transects 2, 4, and 6 passed through tree islands and therefore were characterized as woody transects. The tree island flora varied .

with elevation but were genera11y characterized by cabbage palm, wax myrtle, holly, and nightshade.. Buttonwood was fou'nd throughout the study area. This species, generally found in coastal areas, is tolerant of fresh water. Sawgrass was found around the tree islands,and was taller than sawgrass growing in glades areas. The amount of, tree .cover increased from north to south along the western transects. Transect 6, at the southern end of the study yrea, contained well-developed high tree hammocks. Several species in these vt hammocks are generally intolerant'f standing water.

Transects 1, 3 and 5 were largely grasslands characterized by sawgrass, salt grass, spikerush, salt rush, and cattails. Various forms, of tree islands and low shrub, associations were scattered throughout these grasslands.

Transects 7, 8, and 9 were located along the southern end of the canal system. Transect 7 was in a transition zone from fres'h to

saline water. This zone contained Australian pine on higher eleva-tions. Most of the area contained wet tree islands with white mangrove and buttonwood. This area is apparently wetter or more saline than in previous years, as indicated by a number of dead cabbage palm stumps. Cabbage palms are unable to tolerate standing water or saltwater inundation for extended periods of time.

Transects,8 and 9 are located in a saline zone and the dominant species of the area are mangrove, black rush, salt grass, and islands of large mangrove trees.

Thirty-six plant species were recorded from all quadrat analyses (Table III;E-1). Vegetation volume-density ratios by species, transect number., and quadrat number (Table III.E-2) indicated differences in species comnunity make-up. Variation- in the number and type of species showed no consistent pattern.

Comparison of volume-density totals between quadrats within.

transects showed that wide variation existed in plant species occurrence and density (Table III.E-2). Variations in the distri-bution of biological populations, however, are normal. Analysis of V

variance was applied to all, transects and quadrats (Tables III.E-4

'I and III.E-"5). Significant differences in volume-density indices existed between grassland tr ansects but not between grassland quadrats.

E-6 .

Tukey's pairwise comparison test (Snedecor, 1966) was used to P

determine where differences in transects occurred:

SE D=pa, df N where: D Highest Si gni fi cant Di fference ge, df 3.77 for 3 treatments and 12 degrees of'reedom MSE mean square error N ~ 8 Tukey's analysis revealed that in the grasslands, significant differences occurred between transects 1 and 5 but not between transects 1 and 3 or 3 and 5 (Table III.E-6). This indicated a, significant increase in grassland vegetation toward the southern part of the study area. No differences among transects or quadrats were detected in the woodland study area.

Significant differences were found between both quadrats and transects in the three transects south of the canal system (Table III.E-6).

Tukey's test indicated that differences occurred only"'between transects 7 and 8 and transects 7 and 9. This reflected the more saline nature of transects 8 and 9 as seen in a higher density-volume index for salt-tolerant species. The differences:-between quadrats reflected the random occurrence of trees in the mangrove community.

E-7

An analysis comparing the data for 1975 and 1976 showed no significant differences between years. This most likely means there was no appreciable change in vegetation during this period, but we cannot rule out the possibility that slight changes in the locations of the quadrats could influence this result. Continuation of the identical quadrats should provide more conclusive evidence in the future.

E-8

LITERATURE CITED Snedecor, G. W. 1966.. Statistical. methods. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames, Iowa. 534 pp.

E-.9

~ ~

I'LOlteA CITY CANAL TUItKSY SLANT TRI SISCAYNS SAY

~ ~

TR2 TR3 TURKEY POINT CANAL COOLING SYSTEM TR4 TRS ~

tr 0 C 8 A IIANSSCT ~ ~

NO. ~ r lO Ct St At X

V OUAOltAT IOOITIFICATION SYSTS II TR6 TRY TRS TR9 stscAYNC SAY FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT LOCATION OF VEGETATION TRANSECTS ANO gUAORATS ANACENT TO CANAL SYSTEN 'OOLING ArtLRD DIOLOSYg INC.

st sue i I I I. E-

Examole 1.

where:

Saw grass (ctatuum sp.)

clactium index ~

A ~ Area of sample

~

NOH.R~

in meters N ~ Number of'graminoid samples H Height of grass blades in cm R ~ Radius of clumps in cm (gathered, compressed.

and measured at widest point).

sample values A ~ 1.0 N N 240 H ~ 142.2 R 9 1.59 Claddum 142.2 2.52 240 86.002 56 Index .0 r

~Exam le 2. Moody shrub (conocarpus) conocarpus index ~ N ~ H R>

where: N ~ Number of shrubs of same.'dimensions; H ~ Shrub height in cm R Maximum radius of trunk sample values, N 1.0 H i 365.8 R ~ 6.452 Conocarpus Index ~ -(1.0)(365.8)(6.45 ) '5,218.19 FLORIDA POWER 4 LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANT EXAMPLES Of VOLUME-DENSITY INDEX CALCULATIONS OF A GRAMINOID AND,MOOD PLANT SERIES AttLCO ~ IOLOOYa UIC IaIOUNC

TABLE III.E-1 SPECIES LIST (PLANTS FOUND IN gUADRATS IN 1976)

AcrosHchum aureum Leather Fern, Annona gEabra Pond Apple BEechnum serruEatum Swamp Fern Borrichia fructescens Sea Daisy Casuarina equiseti foHa Australian Pine C'ephaEanthus occidentaZis Buttonbush ChzpsobaZanus icaco Coco Plum G'Eadium J'amaicensis Saw Grass Conocarpus erecta Buttonwood Cvinum americanum String Lily DaEbergia ecastophy ZEum DiphoZis saZicifoZia Willow Bustic DistichiZis spicata Salt Grass EZeocharis ce ZZuZosa Spikerush Zugenia cmciZEm~ White Stopper Zicus citrifoHa Wild Banyan Tree Slabs glassine Dahoon Juncua roemerianus Salt Rush LmpmcuEaria racemosa White Mangrove Lantana inooZucrata Bush Lantana Lycium caroZinianum Christmas Berry Metopium taci ferum Poisonwood Myrica cerifera Wax Myrtle Myrsine guianensis Myrsine Persea borbonia Red Bay PZuchea purpurascens Camphorweed Pont ederuz ZanceoZata Pickerelweed Ehizophora many Ee Red Mangrove SabaE paEmetto Cabbage .Palm Serenoa repens Saw Palmetto Sesuvium maritimum Sea. Purslane SoEanum bZodgettii Nightshade Shn',etienia mahogani Mahogany 2'iZEandsia fZexuosa Twisted Air Plant Trema Eamarckiana West Indiana Trema Typha sp. Cattail E-12

TABLE III.E-2

<< DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL OUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEN 1976 TRANSECT 1 uadrat: lA1 1A2 1B1 1B2 - 1 cl 1C2 '1D1 1D2 Totals CEadium 154 889 8,280 2,079 3,796 C'onocarpue . 2,627 - 1,332 9,153 -'4 16,264 18,532 1,273 109,085 159,079 14,479 DietichZie 21 21 EZeochavie 4,196 1,572 2,442 8,210 Jun cue 7,424. 191 218 153 7,986 Rhizophor a 43 189 431 2,389 370 140 3,562 alpha 13,841 13,841 TOTALS 4,393 10,074 11,550 8,460 13,319 30,492 19,805 109,085 207,178

TABLE III.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEH 1976 T NSECT

. uadrat: 2A2 2Bl . 2B2 2C1 ~ . 2C2 2D1 2D2 =Totals Acmstichum 78 78 B2echnum 658 658 Caladium .

127,017 " - 305,531 3,943 72,581 199.683 92,025 46,497 94,278 9415555 Conocmpus 182 451,909 84,935 35,395 '7,694 25,105 276,939 987,254 1,919,413 0%num 43 43.

LaguncuEavia 4,022 137 21,126 5,228 5,996 44,242 80,751 Rhiaophora .

10,769 22,599 24,479 14,503 29 14,697 12,253 17,630 116,959 SabaE 47,588 47,588 W EEond8za 2,877 37 2,914 TOTALS 189,578 783,053 .113,357 '43,642 262,634 137,823 335,732 1,144,140 3,109,959

TABLE III.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF V)GPQOQL IIgIATS ADJACENT TO THE 1976 TRANSECT uadrat: 3A1 . 3A2 3B1 .3B2 3C1 . 3C2 3Dl 302 Totals CEadium 55,207 19,970 90,327 70,828 ~

67,720 74,263 49,007 21,397 448,719 C'onocm pue 20 23 982 21 1,046 Bhisopho~ 189 110 15 314 Typha 590 590 TOTALS 55,396 20,080 90,347 90,828 68,333 74,278 49,989 21,418 4500669

TABLE III.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL OUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 TRANSECT 4 uadrat: 4A1 4A2 . '4Bl 4B2 4C1 4C2 4D1 4D2 Totals Acroetichum 8,833 16 939 9,788 Annona 24,088 24,088 B2echnum 1,743 46 521 298 2,608 .

Caeuarina 46,313 14,806 49,551 281 <<152 391,822 Caladium Cepha2anthue 20 20 Nupeoba2anue 6 85 91 136,729 . 12~392 191,878 37,299 1.096,124 92,007 81,580 58,192 1.706,201 Cono carp ue 11~799 1'l2.099 14,273 5,607 -

238,404 105,203 58,034 545,419 Da2bezgia 201 20'l Eicue 1,769 1,769 IVac 566 566 Laguncu2aria ll 11 Hprica 638 4,622 6,547 6,379 18,186 Pereea 7 7 Pon48de via 2

TABLE'II.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 T NSECT 4 continued uadrat: . 4Al. 4A2 4Bl 4B2 - 4C1 4C2 4D1 4D2 Totals Rhizophor a 13 4,503 774 50290 71,382 354,946 132,932 559,260 Saba'olanum 158 91 2,023 372 78 - 2.722 TOTALS 219.910 179,801 561,188 62.131 -1,234,066 410,883 475,005 119,067 3,268,051

TABLE III.E-2 .

(continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SVSTEM 1976 T NSECT 5 uadrat: . 5A2 5B1 5B2 5C1 . 5C2 5D1 5D2 Totals C'aeuavina ~

16 19 35 CEadium 53,245 18,946 74,746 78,026 71,695 263,329 105,899 89,877 755,763 Conocarpus 1,477', 66 18 1,330 12,698 ~ 2,041 17,630 Pluohea 9= 9 Bhizophom 213 82 295- '=

TOTALS 545722 19,012 '4,764 78,239 73,050- 276,128 107,940 89,877 773,732

TABLE III.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL gUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE

'URKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 T NSECT uadrat: 6A2 6Bl 6B2 6C1 6C2 6D1 6D2 Totals Acroeti chum 334 2,971 3,305 BZechnum 574 1,344 1,934 584 5,320 6,399 16,155 Caeuavina 29,905 29,905

',901 Ch~eobaZanue 5,158 2,091 1,515 - 8,764 181,899 'Eadium 155,821 ~

, 2,438 101,791 98,634 998 541,581 Con ocavpue 81,733 62,495 74,381 215 218,824 DiphoZie 4,697 4,697 Eugenia 2,555 11,456 I'Zex 11,81 9 7,946 23,749 43,514 676 1,147 1,823 Netopium 41,973 ~

920 28,906 71,799 Hymca 5,350 1,192 5,969 12,511

~~cine 587 2,982 2,134 5,745 Pereea 7,845 5,468 19,658 32.971 SabaZ 374,216 84,951 340,591 71,383 84,951 956,092

TABLE I I I. E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATIONAL QUADRATS AOJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 TRANSECT 6 continued uadrat: . . 6Al . 6A2 . 681 682. 6C1 ..6C2 6D2 Totals-Sec enoa 29,785 29,785 So khanum 1,'408 812 1,379 650 1,194 5,443 Shn',etienia 94,915 133,470 228,385 Tzema 2,655 2,655 C)

TOTALS 643,580 '18,172 125.733 351,458 224,232 251,791 162,927 147,517 2,225,410

TABLE III. E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATION QUADRATS ADJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 TRANSECT 7 uadrat: 7Al 7A2 7B1 7B2 7C1 7C2 7Dl 7D2 Totals ClaChum 62,752 24,579 40,620 9,9PO 64,592 68,309 270,752 Con ocazpus 11,888 4,734 19,056 3,559 4,478 6,816 661 949 52,141 DiaHchi Zi8 480 392 .. 872 Saguncu2avia 1,958 1.654 3,612 Rhiaophom 12 12 TOTALS 74s640 29s313 59>676 '3@459 69@070 75sl37 3s099 2>995 327 F3&9

TABLE II I. E-2 (cont jnued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATION QUADRATS AMACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 T NSECT uadrat: 8A1 8A2 &B1 &B2 8C1 8C2 &D1 8D2 Tota1s Across chum 2,341 775 2,688 Bor richia 113 113 Cae ulna 172,727 127,679 300,406 CZadium 2,863 . 12,931 48,'560 11,234 8,383 83,971 Cononmpus 4,062 5,881 27,709 37,044 47,615 28,164 63,628 72,397 2&6,500 DistichiZis, 100 100 tuncue 4,811 2,566' 1.584 2,763 2,892 3,037 43,372',804 17,653 Laguncu Saba 1.486 12,970 823 11,708 470392 74,379 Eycium 241 241 Bhiaophora 5.295 10,120 5,752 142,266 206,805 Sesuvium 39 27 66

.TOTALS 181,600 138,989 51,346 111,496 62,564 45,363 218,831 165,849 9765038

TABLE III.E-2 (continued)

DENSITY-VOLUME INDEX OF VEGETATION (UADRATS AOJACENT TO THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM 1976 TRANSECT 9 uadrat: 9A2 9Bl .i 9B2 9C1 9C2 9D1 9D2 Totals Acr oetichum Caladium 695 1,431 309 762 3,197 Bozmichia 185 185 1,532 1,532 Con octopus 32,338 ~

10,548 20,919 5,886 18,199 87,890 Lagun cuba 2,831 7,427 5,533 7,903 4,039 22,57& 10,860 45,909 107,080 Lycium, 2,185 Rhfsopho~ .262,281 169,633 23,487 13,196 50,695 20,186 101,552 41,007 682,037 Seeuvium 85 85 TOTALS 298,330 180,761 39,877 42.018 62,91 4 60,963 112 $ 412 86,916 884,191

TABLE III.E-3 ANALYSIS OF GRASSLAND TRANSECTS 1, 3, AND 5 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1976a Factor Degrees of Sum of Mean Calculated Level Freedom S uares S uare F guadrats .1181 x 10~~ .3935 x 10>~ 1.77 Transects .2009 x 10>> .1005 x 1011' 53 guadrats x Transects .1681 x 10~~ .2801 x 10>o 1.26 Error 12 .2663 x 10>> 2219 x 101o I

Based on 4 quadrats with 2 replicates per quadrat.

Significant at .05 level.

'E-24

TABLE I I I. E-4 ANALYSIS OF WOODY TRANSECTS 2, 4 AND 6 TURKEY POINT PLANT, 1976a Factor Degrees of Sum of ean Calculated Level Freedom S uares S uare F guadrats 3 .1424 x 10>> .4749 x 101o .51 Transects 2 ,7834 x ]0>> .3917 x 10 .42 guadrats x Transects .9219 x 10'1536 x 10 ~

1.65 Error 12 .1117 x 10 .9312 x 10ii Based on 4 quadrats with 2 replicates per quadrat.

E-25

TABLE III.E-5 ANALYSIS OF SOUTHERN TRANSECTS 7, 8, AND 9 TURKEY POINT PLANT 1977 Factor Degrees of Sum of Mean Calculated Level Freedom S uares S uares F . F.05 guadrats 3. .3513 x 10~~ .1171 x 10~~ 10.3156 3.49 Transects 2 .3080 x 10>> .1540 x 10>> 13.566 3.88 guadrats x Transects .4327 x ]011 .7212 x 10~~ 6.3539 3.00 Error 12 .1362 x 10> > 135 x 10io Based on 4 quadrats with 2 replicates per quadrat.

Significant at .05 level..

E-26 "

TABLE III.E-6

~ TUKEY'S PAIRWISE COMPARISON OF GRASSLAND, WOODY, AND SOUTHERN TRANSECTS Tukey s Transect Transect Transect Transects minimum value number . means corn ari son Difference Grassland D =.62,789 1 27,279 1, 3 31,554 3 58,833 .1. 5 69,437 5 961716 3, '5 37,833 Woody D -= 406,755 288.744 2, 4 19,012 407,756 2, 6 129.580 278,176 4, 6 110,568 Southern D = 44, 908 40,924 ,7$ 8 '. 81.080 1220004 7, 9 69$ 600 110,524 8, 9 11,480 a

a = 0.05 E-'27'

0 yxg.F.Assessment of Recove in the Turke Point Plant Dischar e Area Puruose:

Thi:s report is to 'assess revegetation of grasses and be'nthic macrophyton in areas affected by the Turkey Point power plant discharge. Effects and recovery prior this re-porting peiiod are given in previous Semiannual Environmental Monitoring Reports.

Methodolo Method l To measure the overall revegetation quantitatively, aerial photographs were taken from 2,000 feet. Using ref-erence points in the photographs to determine the scale of the photo, sizes of areas were measured by tracing specific areas onto a grid and determining their relative areas.

The tracing is included in this report.

Method 2 Qualitative and quantitative measurements of the algae were made by counting and identifying the vegetation in the six one-meter-square

• I areas permanently located., A on the bottom.

Method 3 To identify and quantify the less abundant species not represented in the square meter areas, a survey was made by transects across the previously affected area. Species ident-ifications, quantities present, and general conditions were noted.

'F-1

Method 1: A'erial Surve Having changed fi'lms from Kodachr'ome 'II Professional Type A to Kodacolor II the 'different'iation of'ubtle color changes has been improved.

Overall the area is obviously revegetated and the'Srin o-diam patches are no longer distinctly obvious. The grass has dispersed itself over larger areas at lower concentrations.

The Di lanthera/Laurencia dominated area shows where most of the seasonal Laurencia growth was concentrated. Otherwise the tracing of the photograph (Figure 1) is self-explanatory.

F-2

Appr'oximate . Scale: l" = 200 ft.

(Solid Black Areas are Syringodium Dominated)

Thalassia/Diplanthera Dominated Area Diplanthera/Laurencia Dominated Area I

~ ~

~ ~

?

? ~ C Diplanthera Dominated Area ~ ~

I Diplanthera/Caulerpa Dominated Area Grand Canal Figure 1..-

I Grand Canal. Discharge Area

( December, 3.976

/. ~ ~

?

Previously Affected Area Canal Dro Off ~

~

y

' ua're Met'er Surve s Method 2:

The'ollowing table is data from square meter areas permanently staked out on the bottom. The counts and ident-ifications'ere made in situ. The sample points X-l, X-2, X-3, and. X-4 are located approximately 100, 200, 400, and 600 feet east of the mouth of the canal respectively. Station X-2N is approximately 200 feet NNE of X-2. X-2S is approx-imately 200 feet SSE of X-2. Data reported as less than ( )

or greater than ( ) is based on extrapolation of counts of plants in 1/16 of a square meter. The counts on the grasses are counts of the fasicles (sheaths of leaves).

TABLE 1 GRAND CANAL DISCHARGE REVEGETATION X 1 X 2 X 3 X 4 X 2N X 2S GRASSES- thera wriahtii 264 600 1800 1300 3300 1100 Thalassia testudinum 44 1 44 4 20 Acetabularia crenulata 26'HLOROPHYTA Avrainvillea ni ricans 0 24 Batophora oerstedii Cauler a s ecies Halimeda s ecies 10 Penicillus s ecies 20 2 7 156 PHAEOPHYTA: Laurencia aoitei Sampling Period: July-Dec. 1976

• Present

• • Common F-4

Method 3: Transects X>>l to X-2 h

I beginning to decrease around X-2. 'eni'ci'l'l'us rapidly in-creased in numbers towards the east. There was a 3-6 inch layer of detritus'ver much of the East and Northeast areas.

1 h

• 1 leaves. encased in silt and covered with free floating L'aurencia.

, X-2 to X-3

'h Thalassia. Leaf litter was decreasing to approximately 1-2 inches. Mature ancL dying Penicillus were the most obvious l

species (dominantby bio-mass) in the area. The grasses in this area were shorter and more uniformly mixed. There were occasional Avrainvillea, increasing slightly in numbers towards 1*phd*'

the east.

X-3 1

to X-4 h h 'dd ' '

1 .

l to be so not because Thalassia

• 1l was so much Coulerpa (2 sp.) were becoming more numerous and, Halimeda was increasing h

h'ppeared station itself. Penicillus continued in high numbers but concentrations were not as high as to the south and southwest.

F-5

'th North 'of X-4 litter was

~ P approximately 1 inch.

1'h.

Turning west towards X2N, the Thalassia increased, in 1

1 towards the west and was in some areas covered 90% by free floating Laurencia.

X-2N Penicillus increased in number and Laurencia h

and taller and leaf litter wtas approximately 2-3 inches thick. Thalassia still in good numbers and appears healthier At X-2N the leaf litter is approximately 3-6 inches th -1 'h Thalassia growth. Everything in this area was taller and more vigorous.

'lh Nest of X-2N there were many patches of dead free stand notable change in the nature of the area. The leaf litter

'th 1 and many new Penicillus making their appearance. There were infrequent patches of Thalassia, but these were 10-16 inches high. Large mats of Caulezata 6-8 feet in diameter and 3-8 inches thick are frequent towards the shore area.

F-6

Turning south to X-l Penici'llus number's increased and

'1' th' "; '1 y *h of Caulezaa, forming monocultures nearer shore.

The southern east-west, transect was characterized by a'uniform low-detrital layer approximately l inch thick.

1 th* *h ' '

d h height (6 to 8 inches). Penicillus increased in numbers and dominance in an easterly direction. The Penicillus was as h' th ~th "Park-like" transect had a character, a low almost racked appearance. Udotea, and Halimeda increased in number to the east.

d' '

11 area. Thalassia appears to be invading from the east and may eventually take over the area.

F-7

Di'scussi'on&: Con'clusi'ons The 'entire area previously. affected remains revegetated.

~

There has been a decrease in the quantity as well as the'

• 'h th with what was projected in the last semiannual report. The 1 1 *h have continued the trend of degeneration and breaking up.

h *h only a couple of distinct patches remaining.

Some measurements of the heavy metal content in the th th in its rhizomes than either the sediment or the blades of the grass.. Lead does not appear to be- ofany special im-portance. Magnesium concentration is low in the rhizomes but is higher in the blades of the grass than in either the rhizomes or the sediment. Copper and iron are not apparently important. Chromium levels are lower in all parts of the grass than in the sediments; it does not appear to be a limiting factor.

Thalassia growth has increased in concentration as well as the areas in which it is found. Although it is found all over now, the area closest to the mouth of the old F-8

''hh * * '

-l, Z-3 and X-4. There was a significant increase at X-2N and d

a small increase at X-2S. 'h'a'1'a'ss'ia concentration increased at three of the six stations.

Penicillus and Avrainvillea remain the two dominant green macroalgae.

d Their highest concentration is in the south part of the old affected area.

Laurencia has continued its normal seasonal occurrence.

r In come areas the coverage of this unattached red algae was Another continuing seasonal occurrence is the high con-d~hhl

• d d

in the area and eventually decrease. The Thalassia concen-tration will continue to increase and will probably become the dominant grass at'll but the most inshore- stations.

F-9

I

~. ~h Grasses Three species of grasses are currently found in the canal

• h Of the three the one with the highest biomass is the

~Ru ia.

~Ru ilia can be found in canals 20 through 32 in the southern mile of the system. Xts growth has increased significantly and appears to be continuing to do so. The, area that is infested with the grass. is roughly 450 acres. The growth is thick enough to have reduced the flow in this section of the canals to approximately 45% of what it'as. Both vegetative and sexual reproduction are possible and the plant is doing both very successfully. At times the water surface has been yellow from the pollen of the plant. Reproductive structures can be found on almost any stem of the grass at any time.

prebkeam he-eontzoWWC.

The other two, grasses are- found mainly in the northern portion of the canals east. of the main return canal which we call Card Sound Canal. The growth is solid -(approximately 3000 1

with a

p 1 healthy growth of epiphytes.

~hh )

Because d

d of thelength of" the blades of the grass it is not considered a problem. Xts growth is more an indication of some of the previously barren areas of the canals developing into a stable system.

f~

d' * . 1 1 *h f seen. They were also in the northern portion of the western 1 . *h h h ~1 '

h p h Id discharge area also holds true here.

Macroalgae With the exceptions of Penicillus and Halimeda species all of the macroalgae in the system seem to require a solid substrate to grow on. This restricts the areas that the algae are found in. They are primarily located along the edges of the deep canals which are lined with coral rocks.

and on outcroppings of rock, sticks and other solids. The Penicillus and Halimeda are found in shallow areas of low turbulance. They may be as concentrated as 'several hundred per square meter.

Much of the attached macroalgae is the browns and reds. Due to its apparent seasonality, ~Das a is very common this time of year'. Streamers of'his very dark red algae have been found that were up to 4 meters long. It is expected that its will all but disappear during the next several months and will be essentially gone as the water temperature rises during the early summer. As before, it should begin to make its reappearance around November, 1977.

G-2

III.H.PHYSICAL AND NUTRIENT DATA PHYSICAL DATA Puruose The purpose of this section is to provide basic physical data to help with the interpretation of reports which follow. This report deals with data collected on a monthly basis during plankton sampling. More detailed

. temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data can be found in another section of this report.

Methods a Procedures

l. Temperature was measured by a Y.S.I. Thermis-temp Telethermometer. Accuracies were + 0.5 C.

2. Salinities were determined with an American Optical Refractometer. Accuracies were + 0.5 PPT.

3. Dissolved oxygen was measured with a Y.S.I.

probe type oxygen meter. Accuracies were + 0.4 PPM.

All instruments were calibrated before each sampling date. All measurements were made in the'op meter of the water.

'i:scussion 6 Con'clu'si'ons

1. Temperature ( C)

The 1976 maximum temperature measured during plankton sampling in the cooling canal system was 41.6 C in August. Xn Biscayne Bay and Card Sound the maximum temperature was 32.4 C also in August. These maximum temperatures were the same as 1975 both in the system and the Bay.

The minimum temperature measured during plankton sampling in the system was 18.5 C, and 18.0 C in the Bay both recorded in February.

The temperature difference between the power plant intake and the Bay remains around 2.0 C, the Bay being lower than the plant intake.

2. Salinity (PPT)

The maximum salinity in the cooling canals and Bay was 40.0 PPT. Fluctuation of salinity levels con-tinues from its peak in the dry season and lowest level in the rainy season. There is no evidence of significant salinity buildup in the Turkey Point closed cooling canal system. The lowest salinity in the system, re-ported at the westernmost canal, is due to the operation of the interceptor ditch pump for salt water intrusion control.

H-2

Salinities in the cooling canal system as in the Bay are within the tolerable limits of the marine or-ganisms found here.

3. Dissolved Oxygen (PPM)

The dissolved oxygen levels, in the Bay, for 1976'5.6 - 8.8 PPM), were consistently higher than in the cooling canals (4.1 7.6 PPM).

The elevated temperature in the canals with a concurrent lower saturation value may account for the lower levels.

During one sampling period the average range ft $ Ph of dissolved oxygen was 1.47>'for the canals apd 1.13 for the Bay.

Minimum level for 1976 was 4.1 PPM or 0.1 PPM higher than 1975 and 1.1 PPM higher than 1974. There is sufficient, oxygen for the organisms living in the canals.

~

~

I ~ ~

THEET PHYTOPMNKTON~ NOTRIHNT AND HYDROGRAPHY SAPLING STATIONS 4

HP-2 F'<<

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CZSRJICIMCLN~ See l

~

~ gERCeE 'tllaeeeeaea 1St MJ tL~

RC-

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RC-2 RC-0

.CANAL TEhfPEHATURE 50<< l I

I l

l C I R 0 . 0 N VO- I 0 R I L I 0'

I 0 T I E I 0 0 0 0 F1 I 0 0 0 Q P 30- I 0 0 0 Q 0 0 0 I

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D l E I G I R I E I E XO- t I

I I

I I

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'I 0 XO r1aNTe NVt<eER 2976

BAY CONTROL TEMPERATURE 50- t I

I I

I 8 I R I Y 90-I I

I I

I I

I 0

~i0- ( Q I 0 0 I

0 T I 0 0 l 0 0 t0 I P I PO- t I 0 D t 0 K I R I K I K 20-I G I l

I I

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0 7 20

BAY TEMPERATURE 0

p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p

p C

0 I

CANAL SALINITIES 50- f I

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I t

QO-I 0 0 l p p p p, p 0 p 8 I p p N I p p p 0 R I 0 0 p p p I

L I p p p I

p p p 30-I p 00 I I I p N I I l T I 20-I K I S

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~

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CANAL DISSOLVED OXYGEN 20- I I

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6-I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Q x I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 V I 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 E I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D I 0 0 0 Q Q 0 I 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 I

$P 6 I E I N I I

P 2-I P I N I I

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0 I

I

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l I

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20 t<DNTIH IIU)IBER 2976

b. 'UTRIENT DATA Methods 8 Procedures

'amples were collected monthly from 12 sample points within the canal system, and three control sample points in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound.

Acid washed, ground glass, stopperd, clear containers t

were used for the ammonia samples with phenol alcohol added as the preservative. Acid washed, ground glass, stoppered, dark containers were used for the other nut-rient samples with mercuric chloride added as the pre-servative.

All analyses were performed on a Technicon (CS M 6)

. Autoanalyzer. Data is recorded as PPM.

Discussion 6 Conclusions The purpose of these analyses are to provide a more complete picture of the various parameters correlated with the plankton in the system.

The nutrient levels in the cooling canal system were consistently higher than the levels in the Bay and Card Sound.

The apparent. cycling of the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate seen in the cooling canal system in previous H-14

years has been repeated in 1976.

The nutrient levels at all sampling points remain below any level that could be considered eutrophic.

The absence of April nutrient data, was due to sample loss.

In 1976 ammonia levels were between .047 PPM (average minimum) and .088 PPM (average maximum) in the cooling canals. J At the contxol station, the ammonia average minimum levels were 0.016 PPM and the average maximum levels were 0.029 PPM.

During Jan. through June, and due to the operation of the interceptor ditch pump for salt water intrusion con-trol, the ammonia levels at WF-3 point were above the maximum level'in the canals. The brackish water in the inter'cepter-"ditch contain relatively high level's of Ammonia data at WF-3 from Jan. through June reflect am-'onia.

the rate and the volume of brackish water been pumped out of the interceptor ditch.

Nitrites levels, in the cooling canal, ranged be-tween 0.023 PPM (average minimum) and 0.034 PPM (average maximum). The levels in the'control stations were be-tween .003 PPM (average minimum) and 0.007 PPM (average maximum).

Nitrate 'levels in the cooling canal ranged between 0'.349 PPM (average minimum) and 0.558 PPM (average max-imum) . The levels in the control stations were between 0.018 PPM (average minimum) and 0.080 PPM (average max-imum) .

Nitrite and nitrate levels for 1976 were approx-imately the same as 1975 both within the canals,and at the control points in the Bay.

Average inorganic phosphate levels for 1976 in the cooling canal system were 0.027 PPM. This is 0.002 PPM higher than 1975. At the control stations in 1976 the inorganic phosphate levels remain the same as the levels in 1975, below 0.01.

The average minimum in the canals was 0.021 and the

'average maximum was 0.033.

The average minimum at the control stations was 0.005.

The average maximum was 0.009.

Total phosphate level in 1976 was higher than 1975 both in the canals and at the control stations.

I The average minimum levels in the canals were 0.045 PPM.

The average maximum levels were 0.068 PPM. At the

control stations the aVeXage mnim~ leVels wer'e 0',013 PPM and the'verage maximum levels were 0.019 PPM.

Canal maximum Control maximum 1975 .054 0.030 1976 ,098 0.053 H-3..7.

CANAL AtSiONIA 0

0 0

0 Q

0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 I

0 0 Q Q Q Q Q 0 0 Q Q 0 Q Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0~0 I

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0.08-t I

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I t1GNTH NUt lBEP. L ='76

CANAL TOTAL PHOSPHATE 0, XD- I I

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t0 I I

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~ t10th I NIJHBER X976

0'AY CONTROL TOTAL PHOSPHATE 8

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0.00 I I 0 7 Cq I'MONTH I'<UIIGER 1~976

I III I PLANKTON

a. ZOOPLANKTON A. SAMPLING METHODS & P ROCEDURES Methods and procedures were as previously reported using a standard 5" Clark-Bumpus Sampler with a 410 mesh net and bucket.

Sampling was made in the top meter of the water at 1 to 3 mph speed. Tows were approximately 5 min-utes long in the canals and 3 minutes long in the Bay.

The methods of counting zooplankton in the lab-I oratory were the same as previously reported.

Zooplankton organisms were divided into six cat-egories as following:

l.. ~Co e ads Includes cyclopoid, harpacticoid, and monstrilloid copepods.

d All gastropod veligers.

3. Bivalve larvae All bivalve veligers.

4. Co e od nau lii All crustacean nauplii similar in appearance

~ to copepod nauplii (with the exception of cirripeds).

5. Cirri ed nau lii As distinguished from other nauplii.

6. Other or anisms All other zooplankton not included in the first five categories.

The data is given as number per liter for each of the groups of zooplankton.

B. DISCUSSION 6 CONCLUSIONS Zooplankton concentrations in the cooling canals were consistently lower than in the Bay and Card Sound. The level in the canals for 1976 remains at, or below 10% of the Bay levels. However, the 1976 levels were higher than those recorded in 1975 both in the canals and the Bay.

In 1976, the highest zooplankton concentration in the Bay was 19 per liter compared with 10 per liter in 1975 anQ 60 per liter in 1974.

The highest zooplankton concentration in the cool-ing system was 2.6 per liter compared with0.8 per liter in 1975 and 5 per liter in 1974.

There is only a minor seasonal pattern of decreased numbers in the summer. Zn the Bay, the zooplankton continue to follow a seasonal pattern with winter in-creases and summer decreases. This year the average minimum in the Bay was 1.2 per liter. The average maximum was 8 per liter. Xn the canals, the average minimum and maximum were 0.05 and 0.6 per liter respec-tively.

C. COPEPODS Copepods continue to constitute over 75% of the biomass in both the Bay and the cooling canal system; Copepod concentration, in the Bay, increased sharply during Oct., Nov., and December.

During the winter of 1976, the average maximum copepod levels in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound were 8.4 per liter compared. with 6.8 per liter for the winter of I

1975. There was no measureable change in the canals during this same period.

During the summer months of 1976 the average maximum.

copepod levels in the Bay were 4 per liter compared with 2.4 per liter for same period 1975. There was also an .increase in the canals,0.24 per 3.iter in 1976 compared with 0.17 per liter for 1975.

In general, the number of copepods has increased in both the cooling canals and the Bay from 1975 to 1976 but remain below 1974 levels. This is apparently at-tributable to factors beyond the influence of the plant and canal system.

D. GASTROPOD AND BIVALVE LARVAE Both gastiopod and bivalve larvae continued to be almost totally absent in the cooling system. In 1976 and 1975 the highest gastropod levels were recorded in June. Despite June concentrations (2.5 per liter) the average gastropod concentration in the cooling system was 0.1 per liter. Bivalve larvae continued at 0 per liter. This could be due to an inadequate food supply (phytoplankton) .

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound gastropods are second only to copepods in concentration level. The highest concentration level of gastropods was found in November.

Average maximum concentration this year was 1.2 per liter. The bivalve highest concentration was 0.37 per liter in 1976. For 1975 it was Q.23 per liter.

Gastropod and bivalve larvae as well as copepods have increased above 1975 levels but. remain below the levels of 1974.

E, COPEPOD AND CIRRIPED NAUPLII Both nauplii are too small to be adequately sampled by a $ 10 mesh net. In the cooling canals copepod larvae were present only in the months of April., July, and October both at concentrations of 0.01 per liter.

Copepod. nauplii were totally absent the rest of the year,. Cirriped nauplii were 'only found in February, April and May within the cooling canals.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound copepod and cirriped nauplii continue to be present at low levels. The high-est concentration for copepod: nauplii was0.3 per. liter i

in 1976 compared with 0.5 per liter in 1975. The high-est concentration for cirriped nauplii was 1.0 per liter (August). The average maximum was 0.26 per liter.

Overall, there is no significant change in the concentration levels for both nauplii since their decline in 1975.

F. OTHER ZOOPLANKTON In Biscayne r

Bay and Card Sound, average levels in-creased from 0.5 per liter in 1975 to 0.6 per liter in 1976, but'remain below 1974 level (2.5 per liter) .

There was a change in the concentration levels in the canals from 1975 to 1976. The highest concentration was 0.5 per liter in 1975 and 0.6 per liter in 1976, but the average level in 1976 (0.22 per liter) was double the 1975 level (0.10 per liter).

Other zooplankton organisms normally found in the cooling canal are fish eggs, fish larvae, shrimp larvae, zoea larvae, chaetognaths, polychaets, and tunicate larvae.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound in addition to the previous groups, nematodes, amphipods, cladocerans, and medusae are

'.found.

~ .

CANAL COPEPODS I

f.,0- i C

Fl 0. 8-I N

Fl L

C 0

H P 0.6-)

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l O.R-t I

I I

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0 0 0 0 0 0.0 + I M M I I I . I I I I I 0 5 6 7 8 9 X0 t)Gt 3TH tiUt1BER 2976

BAY'COPEPODS PO-)

l C

0 P

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t a I Q T a a E a a R a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a i a a a a . a a A ~ A A t I .I I 5 6 7 8 HQ IPVt1BKR 2976

CANAL GASTROPODS 5- f I

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Q B B H ~ Q leg I I I 1 5

I - I 6 7 I .I8 I 9 10 I I I 0 . 2 =

2 3 LI l

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a BAY BIVALVES O,Q-

0. 3-0 0

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CANAL TOTAL ZOOPLANKTON 5-) lg I

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I I I I o 7 t1ar tive>em ~976

b PHYTOPLANKTON

'eport on the Genera and, Species of Algae and Protozoa in'he Turkey Point Cooling Canals and Adjacent Biscayne Bay Haters July, 1976 to December, 1976 Introduction As in previous reports, stations in Biscayne Bay and Adjacent Card Sound, as well as in the cooling system, were sampled once a month. The liter sample was preserved by the addition of formalin, 3 to 5%, and the sediment containing the microscopic algae, and protozoa plus copepod nauplii and adults, as well as a few other organisms such as nematode and polychaete worms, rotifers, plutei, etc., was concentrated a

and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed for the firs< three of these. The result are shown in Table 1 for the Bay and Table 2 for the Canals.

The Bay Microbiota Table 1 probably represents the typical endemic microbiota for this. portion of Biscayne Bay. Some genera and species are missing or else did not occur during this period.

Thus Bode marina was practically absent although it preserves well and is quite distinctive. Many small zooflagellates mix inextricably with even a small amount of debris and if present, could not be distinguished in these counts. In Ml 1 d tb

• f" lie ' 'I th represent several species which could not be defined.

The organisms are almost invariable black. "Navicula" in both Tables represents a diversity of species, not possible to identify unless cleaned and mounted, so that

striae and other distinguishing characters could be seen.

The counting and identification was done on a Leitz Labolux at 100X for organisms roughly more than 30 microns in size, and at 400X for the smaller ones. It may be noted that many naviculoid diatoms are 10-12 microns long, others up to 200 microns. Also there is much variation in distribution.

ill l shallow, inshore waters, but only in the deeper part of the Bay. Nevertheless a generic term such as Navicula is more informative and restrictive than "Pennate diatoms".

Altogether, there are many minor details which do not appear in formulating such Tables. However, the Tables are supposed to show up differences, if any, in the two areas studied. The December, 1976, samples may be atypical.

In both areas there was a tremendous drop in the total numbers of microorganisms present, and in the species present. Table 3 shows this decrease. In .both areas the organisms were badly disintegrated. The copepods appeared as if crushed before exposure to formalin< and the algae 4 and protozoa were badly cytolized. There @asm exceptional amount of debris in both samples. This sample has been included in the analysis of the situation as a whole. It is not believed to affect these findings, although no satisfactory explanation of its drop in species and population is at, hand. Temperatures in both Bay and Canals were close to 20 , and while salinities varied somewhat, none were very high or very low. The one possible explanation was that the wind was high and the weather "had'been very rough".

This hardly seems adequate many of these species have been found unharmed, in the pounding surf at La Jolla, California.

To repeat, the species list, and the populations per liter for Table 1 may be presumed to represent a normal endemic population for this Bay 'area. Comparing Table 1 with the

'I-22

Tables in the third report reveals some differences in species lists, but the more common organisms are found in both lists. They constitute the endemic species, but in a tidal circulation such in lower Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, some adventitious species will occur. In many years of experience along the east coast, I have never seen the d' '1 and then only a small outbreak near Port Everglades.

1'ear, It cannot be termed endemic for the east coast. Some specific environmental factors must be obtained in order for an adventitious species to become endemic. The ciliate the first time in my observation in 1975, and in this report is rather common. (Table 1)

The species list has remained about the same for a long time. I reported* in 1968 a total of 148 species and reference back to the tabulations for that year (unpublished data) show a high degree of similarity, or perhaps a better term is recurrence. Manifestly, if the same species are present year after year, and in approximately the same numbers, the Turkey Point plant has not, adversely affected these groups of microorganisms. There are some indications that there has been an increase since 1968 'he maximum number of species at any one of the Bay stations in 1968 was 24, which is far below 80, the miximum number in August, 1

1976 (Table 3).

It is about the same year in and year out, except that each year a few species. appear, not- heretofore seen, and some others either drop out or are missed in the enumeration in the canals., There is no discernable seasonal variation,

• Lackey, James B. Entrainment Studies at Turkey Point'. Proc.

Second Workshop on Entrainment and Intake Screening. Report 15 Johns Hopkins University. Dept. Geography and Env. Eng., 1968.

although in December, l976, there was a sharp drop in species and population density, for which only speculative reasons exist. The population is-rather'alanced in that there is a considerable number of predatory Copepoda ciliate protozoa.

Bacteria have never been noted in large numbers and actually t

one wonders about the food supply for organisms which feed upon them. Even sulfur bacteria are rare in the Bay, so much so they are not included in the major groups shown in Table 3. Major populations of bacteria (and of diatoms also) are epiphytic on the grasses and macroalgae in the .Bay. The large populations of macroalgae must offer keen competition for nitrates and other orthophosphates, which are always low in sea water, so that the six major green groups of plankton algae (Table 3) are held to rather low.figures, t

except for an occasional bloom. Such blooms actually deplete the orthophospahte and thereby diminish the numbers of species other than the one causing the bloom.

The Bay appears to have a healthy growth, with no visible restrictive factors for species which are present. There is no apparent effect of the Turkey Point plant.

The Canal Microbiota This area is severely restricted except for diatoms. Two of the major groups, Volvocida and Cryptomonadida, are not represented. at all, and diatoms are by far the most abundant.

Table 3 shows their dominance. In all moths except August, they constitute more than half the species, and a vast segment of the population.

In the third report the repressive factors were considered, but no reason was advanced for the diatom success in .the Canals. A possible reason is lack of competition. Another is lack of predation. A third is optimum growth conditions.

The principal diatom nutritive needs are probably Si02, NO3 and o-P04". There is no other mechanism in the canals for the removal of silicon except diatom growth of which I am aware, and it is present in quantities comparable to those in the Bay.

Predatory organisms which feed upon diatoms were not seen.

Several species of ciliates do, but. none were observed in the analysis.

The canals are mostly shallow enough so that plenty of light reaches the bottom. The amount of debris is hardly effective in reducing light for photosynthesis.

There are a few less Euglenophyceae in the canals than previously reported. Dinoflagellates show a slight gain in the number of species reported, but ciliates were less than in the previous report. Copepoda were not taken into account in that report.

Since the Canals were originally seeded with Bay species it'ppears, almost as if there are selective reducing factors operating here. Attention was called to this continued loss of species other than diatoms, in report 3. But the increase in diatoms the total numbers per ml. of raw water-was more apparent this time than previously. It is noted above that only speculative reasons are advanced.

Discussion In summary, it is apparent that the Bay population is more or less constant with regard to endemic species and that adventitious species are frequently found, so that over a long period of time a long species list can be made.

Zt .is also apparent that the canal list of species's much smaller than that of the Bay and the number of occurences, and numbers per ml. of raw (Canal) water much, lower, except for diatoms.

There is no visible effect of the Turkey Point plant on the Bay'population. The Canal population is a response'to the Turkey:Point plant, but there are so many factors involved 4

it cannot be said the effect is a direct one.= Zf the Canal population is gradually decreased by passage through the condensers, this is a direct effect. But if the population gradually uses up available o-PO 4 in what is a closed system, this is an indirect effect, and neither of these applies to the diatoms.

On four. months (July, .August, September, October) the discharge from the condensers at .Station .P-1 are comparable in both Canals and Bay.

As far as these samples indicate, there is no ecological succession in either Bay or Canals in the sense that one species drops out .and is replaced by another. Many species

,have almost disappeared from the Canals, but have not been replaced, unless the increase in species and numbers of diatoms should be so considered, which I do not believe.

The Canals are thus left with one dominant. group, abundant in all months, except for the possibly atypical December sample.

The Bay has two dominant groups dinoflagellates and diatoms. Dinoflagellates show an ecological succession in that they attain their highest number of .species and density of population in September and October. This has been true since these analyses started, and is simply,a, seasonal response.

Table 1 Genera, species, number of'ccurences and total numbers at 13 stations in Biscayne Bay, July-December 1976.

JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. HoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.

Bacteria Beggiatoa alba 1 8 arachnoidea 8 30 Blue Green Algae Lyngbya aestuarii 6 296 cillatoria sp. 7 265 1 8 2 8 gbya spa 68 3 8 3 8 0 10 26 Nadularia sp. 2 1 8 Johannesbaptisia sp. 7 110 2 10 2 10 2 26 20 1 2 Herismopedia glauca 2 16 3 2l Chroococcus planctonica 2 16 1 6 3 26 Gamphosphaeria apo 2 10 1 LI 6 28 0 30 3 20 Spirulina sp. 2 1 8 1 8 2 32 Chroococcus gigantia 2 Anabaena spa 4 Schizothrix 2 56 2 24 Coelospharium 1 2 hospira sp.

minor nagelelianum'scillatoria 3 +

16 4- 32, 8.

2 70:

16.

rismapedia punctata 1 32 hizothrix calcicola 3 Gamphosphaeria XZabellula 6 18 Euglenaphyceae Unid~ spa 1 2 Eutreptia sp. 2 16 2 10. 1 8 0 12 4 8 Volvocidae Pyramidamonas spi 8 a grossi 6 48 1 8 8 8 Cryptophysida Cryptamones sp. 16 1 8 Rhadomonas spo 10' 3 20 caflagellida ctyocha fibula 5 40 26 2 16 I-27

Table 1 (cont'd)

JOLT AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NoSp Tot, NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.

Bacillariopbyceae Synedra ulna 7 124 9 130 2 56 7 52 7 72 5 58 Nancula sp. 9 374 12 2092 '13 1930 13 299) 13 1724 8 638 Coscinodiscus sp. 16 7 18 1o 2 4 2 8 Cpmatopleura solea 2 40 8 154 5. 88 3o6 8 24 Nitzschia closterium 1 8 Bo 1 8 5 26 3 40 Synedra longa 2 12 7 218 2 16 26 Diatoms unid. 6 144 8 121 10 160 7 Tropidoneis Iepidoptera 2 4 Licamophora abbreviata 2 2 Amphora ovalis 1 2 6 200 6 6o Mastogloia sp. 2 10 20 3 58 12 2 Licamophora curvacu '8 8 2 X1abelluIa 6 56o 5 28 SYnedra superba 3 24 9 112 2 6 Cocconies sp. 168 68 152 12 648 5 56 2 Amphora sp. 8 88 5 98 1 8 Nitzschia obesa 16 Opephora sp. 1 8 Suvirella sp. 3 30 1 ,2 Nitzschia actularis 2 16 9 8 80 Pleurosigma nicobartum .2 Gramnatophora sp. 16 Striatella interrupta- 2oB 52 4 48 2 '10 Thalassiosira sp. 4 312 2 94 2 32 3 32 1 256 Cyc1otel1a sp. 2 128 2 32 Bo 2 64 32 1 Melosira mon11ata 2 10 Gyrosigma sp. 3 16 Chaetoceras sp. 248 312 60 Synedra crysta11ina 8 16 30 1 2 1 2 2 Nitzschia longa 2 10 Nitzschia sigmoidea 2 86 '1 4 1 Pleurosigma sp. 6 1 2 2 4 6 14 1 Gprosigma angusta 2 8 26 angulosa 1 2 Stl~tella unipunctata 2 '1 32 2 48 Rhabdonema sp. 2 Nitzschia seriata 1 16 Synedra undulata 6 1 2 Orthoneis sp.

Liptocylindrus danieus 2 24 Melosira .sp.

Nitzschia or@st: 1line 5 111 Biddulphia 14 Campylodiscus sp. 4 I-28

Table 1 '(cont'd)

JULX AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEI" NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. HoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.'oSp Tot.

Bacillariophyceae (cont'd)

Gyrosi,gma minor 4 Amphiproru sp. 216 3 20 Thalassiothrix sp. 3 6 Navicula ostria 2 Striatella unipunct 2 16 LLcmophorll spo 3 14 ularia sp e 2 10 onies spo 2 spy 2 I5noflageLULda Pyrodinium bahamensis 6 50 67 61 122 62 57 Gymnodinium lge. 44 2o6 352 132 10/6 46 768 37 200 Gymnodinium sm. 90 684 93 744 428 N68 422 3296 146 1170 Unid spe 59 472 108 *864 140 1120 592 8o 640 Peridinium sp. 32 256 71 568 26 202 31 3 6 Exllviaella marina 7 136 6, 24 g2 52 6 12 Prorocentrum micans g6 96 12 72 ao 88 Ceratium fl1rca 51 102 35 70 12 24 31 68 51 102 37 74 Pyrophacus horologicum 2 Peridinium pentag 2 2 2 16 Ll depres sum j 2 8 tium flxsus Gymnodizd.um splendens Peridinium tuta 1

4 2

2 14 10 22 9

50 66 16o 1

6 2

32o 48 2

36 3

4 72 24 4 2 4

8 26 1 2 curvipes 2 trochoideum 7 38 17 118 46 362 12 72 2 16 Prorocentrum gracili 6 28 11 82 3 6 8 3 6 triangulatum 5 6 48 2 16 g2 Amphidinium sp. 1 2 Exuvtaella sp. 2 2 2 2 4 2 Ig.plosalis lenticularis 8 9 18 13 1 2 7 Motoceratium reticulatum 1 2 8 6 12 2 2 2 4 Gyrodinium lachryma 6 12 8 1 2 ophysis acuta 8 um divergens 6 18 8 4 8 Po~crikos schwartzi, 2 6 Gymnodinium 3j 2 37 200 I-29

JULY, Table AUG 1 (cont'd)

SEPT OCT NOV EEC 4,

NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.'oSp,Tot. HoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot K5aoXXagellida (cont'd)

Glenodixd.um sp. '2 Amphidinium klebsii 8 Gyrodinium pingue 3 '20 13 104 16 '16 32 Gorgraulax diogenesis 2 0 3 '6 GO9QRlQax polp'gramma p g6 monQ I sp 18 Pouchitia sp. 2 Peridinium quadrata 2 Peridincopsis rotundata 6 Goni.odoma sp. 1

'2 Amphhkizd.um opereulatum 1 8 Rhizopodea F~p'orella spi 8 Thecate sp. 2 '10 Unid spa 3 6 Zooflagellata Bodo marina M, ~ spa 1

8 56 ~ 2 1

'.1 6

I-30

Table 1 (contfd)

JULY MG SEPT CCT NOV" IHX NoSp Tot NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot NoSy Tot HoSp Tot NoSp Tot Ciliophorea Tintinnopsis sp. 1 2 3 6 If rotunda 1 2 2 2 26 If minuta 2 2 10 If prowazeki 3 6 Hetacplis angulosa 6 10 20 jorgensi. 7 9 42 22 110 12 20 9 18 tinnopsis ylatensis 2 1 8 2 1 2 ombidium sp. 22 170 9 30 22 110 11 70 ff strabilius 7 10 3 6 If cancium 8 Tintinnopsis beroidea 1 2 Tintinnus sp. 2 4 6 Tontonia 8' sp.

appendicular'avella panamensis 2 Unid spe 2 6 12 11 40 5 10 Holophrpa sp. 2 SerabQ.idium sp. 5 40 28 220 8 Q Mesodinium sp. 8 Codonella cratera ~

2:

nodinium balbiani 8 tinnopsis acuto 2 Stenosemella sp.~

CodonaLla raya 1 2

'idinium nasutum 3 6 Copepoda 52 1(A 20 10 1 146 74 148 37 70

Table 2 Genera, species, number of occurences, and total number at .12 stations in Turkey Point canal system, July-December 1976.

JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC NoSp Tot. NoSy Tot. NoSp Tot. HoSp Tot..NoSp Tot..HoSp Tot.

Bacteria Beggiatoa arachnoidea 8 $2 alba Blue Green Algae Lpngbya, sp; 8 58 5 288 4 44 2 Chroococcus planctonica 2 16 8 Oscillatoria sp. 7 50 8 96 .4 48 26 Chroococcus gigantea 1 2 3 Schizothrix calcicola 2 16 7 2% 5 256 7 432 2 .24 Arthrospira sp. 6 Spirea sp. ,20 8 Oscillatoria minor 5 112 3 40 5 28 Merismopedia giauca 2 24 1 8

'6 Johannesbaptisia sp. 2 16 Gomphospharia sp.

Merismopedia punctata 1:2 .2 24

'2 4 1 16 3

Anabaena sp. Q2 Euglenophyceae Astasia sp. .8 Eutreptia sp. 2 10 8 42 3 6 Volvocidae Pyramkdomonas grossi, tt spa Cryptophysida Silicoflagellida Dictyocha fibula 40 1 8

.Bac523Lariophyceae Haviula sp. 12 5636 19791 11..a980 12 10096 10 2904 9 792 Diatoms unid. 9 5 80 96 Cymatopleura solea 10 1/2 7 32 5 72 6 168 5 48 g2 Amphora ovalis Synedra ulna 12 242 8 72 9 1770 2 16 S6 3 56

~~

3?

Hitzschia sigmoidea 64 2 34 1 1 2 Synedra crystallina 6 26 2 1 . 2 Nitzschia acicularis 4 72 '1 8 2 16 Suvtrella sp. 3 12 12 2 10 2 2 Pleurosigma spi 7 24 7 22 3 6 2 Synedra suPerba 8 200 13,356 8 goo 8 1ooo 2 10 Hitzschia longa 40 14 i-32

Table 3 Number of species of major groups and numbers per 1iter of sampled water.

JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV EEC HoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.

Blue Green Algae 9 785 12 176 7 118 7 187 8 186 2 Euglenophyceae 16 1o 8 2 8 0 0 Volvecidae Cryptophyceae Dinophyceae 2

39 26 2257 23 1

3200 8

23 8

3605 2'2 25 8

83o 0

20 0

358 0

7 0

956 Baci11ariophyceae 26 2279 28 367'4 29 3576 26 &77 26 229o 15 1100 ophorea 9 206 330 9 zz6 2 20 Bpoda 104 1: 1K '22 1 30 Canals JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC HoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot. NoSp Tot.

3lue Green Algae 5 1oo 9 568 500 9 226 2 20 Euglenophyceae . 5o 6 24 cidae. LACKING ophyceae LACKING Ijinophyceae 8 307 21 1oe6 8 3326 6 520 6 258 9 956 Bacillariophyceae 26 7360 26 23660 27 6100 z6 12255 18 3g48 1062 Ciliophorea 6 86 26 Copepoda I 12 1 12 10 20 1 30 Note: There were probably several species of Nauplii counted as Copepoda.

Excessive numbers of diatoms in August and October I-33

t I

t XXX J.VEGETATION AND a.

SOIL REVEGETATION OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM SPOIL BERMS A. INDUCED VEGETATION

1. INITIAL STUD~

Method The 30 species of grasses, shrubs, and trees planted during the 1973-74 season (Figure 6) were checked cpxarterly for survival and vitality (Table 1). The range of survival rates has been expanded for the sake of clarity. The para-meter of vitality was added in an attempt to isolate those plants which could survive but were in 'some manner being in-hibited in growth.

Dis'cus'sion and Conclusions Growth rate and vitality continues to be higher in the more organic areas and less in the mucky-clays. No induced vegetation of the initial study remain in, the areas of ex-treme clay. Several of the sites are being overgrown by na-tive plant species, with a resulting loss of vigor and in-crease in mortality.

Plants in the "Excellent" and "Good" categories are holding up well. Mortality and vigor become progressively worse in the "Fair" to "Poor" categories. The patterns of mortality and vigor are basically unchanged since 1975.

Table Z. Average survival rates and vitality of the 1973-74 Znitial Study Plantings on the Spoil Berms at Turkey Point Coo1ing Canal System.

Vitality Excellent 90% survival)

Exc. Silver Button Bush Good Coccoloba uvifera Sea Grape Exc. Scaevola frutesc Scaeval Shrub Good ~Zo sia

'a onica Zoysia Grass Good

( 60-89 survival)

Fair Green Pittosporum Good '~oeo discolor Oyster Plant Poor Fair Good Poor Good

~

'Co'cos nuci:fera e-.

'1 larifolius Crinum asiaticum

(

1'occulus Fair 30-59%. survival)

Coconut; Palm Variegated Pittosporum Coontee Evergreen Sna'il Seed Crinum Lily Good Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass Poor Stenotathrum secundatum Bitter Blue Grass Poor (4 30% survival)

Poor ~ 'e'delia'r'il'obata Wedelia Fair 11" Spider Lily Poor Hemerocallis 'fulva Day Lily 1 Poor Eucuenla uniflora Florida Cherry

2. 00+60 GROWTH STUDIES Method Growth studies were begun in 1975 on berm 1, station 60, using West Indian Mahogany, Bottle Brush, and Black Olive trees. The young trees were planted three per row starting at approximately one foot above the mean high water line and extending to the top of the berm. Each plot contained 9 Bot,-

tle Brush, 6 Mahogany, and 3 Black Olives. Plants-in the od'd numbered plots on the east side and even numbered plots on the west side were fertilized with Agriform 20-10-5 "Ferti-Tabs." The free standing height of the plants was measured.

~ I Growth was monitored as a function of increase in height and tabulated as the average percent increase in growth of each species by plot (Tables 2 and 3 ). Growth was also tabulated as per percent increase as a function of level, low, middle, d

or top (Figure 1 ). Several new species of trees were plant-ed at 00+60 during 1976, these included; Leucaena leucoce-dh 1 ( I. *'

I I llh

'd h

'. d

'd'h'd

( I

~so s commessouii, ItMimusops).

D'i'scussi'onan'd'o'n'clusi'ons The '1975 fertilization program was not. continued into 1976, in order to check growth rate as a function of the edaphic situation. The north end of the 00+60 Test Site tends to have higher percentages of organic material than the south end,.which appears to be reflected. in Fig. 1 .

Of the additional trees planted during 1976, Seaside Mahoe and Mimusops have survived and only the Mimusops are doing I

well.,

Fertilization can play an important part in increasing growth rates but only if the plant can initially survive the specific edaphic-situation into which they are placed, refer to the "marble-cake" effect in Soil Chemistry.

Road T T M Cross Section East: Nest 47 63 25 31 38 46 58 39 26 13 24 36, 32 32 48 7 36 49 39 66 51 46 54 48 46 2

72 44 72 41 61 34 70 78 60 65 76 69 41 62 77, 61 Section/Plot Level Level Top View Figure 1. 00+60 Test Plots, showing the percent increase in growth as a function of level.

J-5

Table 2 ~ Average percent increase in height by species as a function of fertilization for the east side of 00+60 test plots.

Average Percent Increase Species Section Fertilizer No Fertilizer "41. 9 62.9 Bottle 35.6 55.0 Brush 37.7 24.2 31.8 25.2 66.5 67.5 Mahogany 63.2 59.0 44.3 41.3 33.0 19.7 173. 5 134'. 0 Black 212.5 77 ..3 Olive 32.0 41.5 120.3 33.0 Mean Growth 74.4 53.4

~

Table 3. Average percent increase in height by species as a function of fertilization for the west side of 00+60 test plots.

Average Percent Xncrease Species Section Fertilizer No Fertilizer

56. 7 64.9 50.3 50.8 Bottle 52.9 40.0 Brush 24.8 27.6 22.1 68.7 67.0 54.8 54.2 Mahogany 38.8 28.6 15.8 35.3 67.0 166.5 104.0 Black 86.0 40.0 Olive 3 35.5 144.0 22.7 61.0 118.5 Mean Growth 56.1 61.7

. 3.. PROJECT SERENDIPITY

'e'thod

.Twenty-'one species of trees and shrubs (Table 4) were planted at six stations (Figure 6) covering the thr'ee major soil types found within the cooling canal system. This was done to assess not only their saline tolerances but also edaphic limitations relative to berm conditions. Plants were measured for vitality and for growth as a function of free standing height. This long term project is being supported'n part by the U.S.D.A.

0 Plant Introduction Station at Chapman Field. Additional species will continue to be, added in the future.

Discussions & Conclusions The initial concept of this'roject was to discover plants which could survive the severe edaphic and saline conditions of the berms. Two factors that were not ad-equately considered, wind and lack of edaphic consistency (similar to "marble. cake effect" on page I-17), have proved to be major stumbling blocks in short term statis-II tical analysis.

Species planted in the clay 'and mucky clay areas were either dead or in such poor condition as to make their survival unlikely. The survival rate was much better in I

0 J-8

I the organic areas, wi,th Tabebuia, Seaside Mahoe, Mahog-any,cacia 'confusa, Mimusops, and, Pic'rode'n'dron'acro-

'ca'rjum doing well. A variety of other species are still surviving (Table 4 ) ~

Table 4.. Pxoject Serendipity species list, survival as a function of soil type.

Clay Pycky Oxganic Acacia confusa D D D Acacia farnesiana D D

Cassia fistula D D D D Cordia ~labra D D Crinum ~s D Jacaranda acutiflolia D D

~1** h D D D

~Kimuso s commersonii Morincra oleifera Pachira ~auatica D Parkinsonia aculeata D..

D Psidium ~ua'ava D Swietenia ~maha oni D Tabebuia avellenedae D D b D Terminalia ~cata a D

• hhh ~1

+ = fair to goodI growth and/or vitality

= poor growth and/or vitality D = dead

B NATURAIi REVEGETATZON Method Eight 100 square meter stations have been permanently staked out on the cooling systems spoil berms (Figure 6 ) .

A study of the most common species in the .quadrats has continued (Tables5-7).

Discussion and Conclusions Reductions in Casuarina number are primarily due to r z. a'>. a a

the selective removal of this noxious exotic. Saw Grass

-. '. 'au.

r Acrostichum Fern and Salt Rush (Juncus roemarianus) e.*.

have.

shown the largest increases in number.

Salt Grass is rapidly becoming the number one ground cover. over much of the older berms. This- grass, with and roots spreading several feet deep and growing'hizomes well even in clay soils and salt water, will serve as ex-cellent hurricane protection for the berms.

Soil type continues to be the overt factor determining vegetative density. Heavy vegetation, Casuarina and Cono-c~ar us being dominants, tend to occupy the old tidal creeks and hammock areas, while salt grass is the dominant of the clay barrens.

Table 5. Species counts in two heavy density'vegetation stations, 204N and. 310N.

Station 204N Species Percent. Change

-91 Casuarina ~s Borrichia frutescens -49 Baccharis halimifolia -100 Acrostichum aureum +200 Scl'a'nuni hiciran New Species Station 310N Species 1 +30

+25 Casuarina ~s +13 1 1"

~si'cata No Change

+20'istich1is

'accharis hal'imifolia No Change

'1 New Species

'.Acrostichum 'aureum New Species New Species

Table 6 ~ . Species counts in two medium density vegetation stations, 323S and 408M.

Station 323S Species Percent change

+75 Casuarina ~s No Change

+140 Juncus roemerianus +100 Solanum blodgetti +22 lpomoea sagittata -22.,

Pluchea sp. Seasonal Passiflora suberosa No Change Eupatorium capillifolium -68 Baccharis halimifolia New Species Acrosti'chum aureum New Species Station 408M Species Percent Change Conocarpus erecta +150 Casuarina sp. +2000 Cladium jamaicensis Solanum blodgetti New Species Distichlis spicata New Species Baccharis halimifolia New Species

Table 7- Species. counts at two light density 'vegetation stations, 105S and 505N.

Station 105S Species Percent change No Change La cularia racemosa No change Distichlis ~sicata +65.

Juncus roemerianus -48 Station 505N Species Percent change s

+20 Borrichia fru'tescens -90 Distichl'is '~sicata New Species

'i's'cu's's'Ron'a'n'd 'Conclusi'on's'Co'ntinued}'he hi'gher elevation caused by'er'm building has allowed sufficient edaphic changes to permit non-mangrove community species such as; Trema lamarciciana,'icus aurea,

'f b species,to progressively invade the western side of the canal system.

Declines of several species were due to their seasonal Borrich'ia frutescens.

b.. SOIL PROGRAM OF THE TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM SPOIL BERMS A. 'SOIL TEMPERATURES

'e'thod Soil temperatures were monitored at the Natural Vegetation Study Sites (Figure 6). Temperatures at the sit s were checked at one inch and one foot below the soils surface at each of three levels; high, middle, and low. "High" indicates the top or highest part of the berm. "Low" indicates an area approximately one foot above the water line. "Middle" indicates an area approx-imately equidistant, between the "high" and "low" levels.

Ambient air temperatures were taken chest high in shadow at the top of the berm at each site. Ambient water temperatures were taken near the shore line of each site at a depth of approximately one foot. The soil temperature program data for the four quarters beginning January, 1976, are shown in Tables 8-11.

Discussion and Conclusions The heterogenous character of the soil masks any tendencies or correlations between temperature and soil type. The heat retention and conduction properties of highly organic substrates is different from that of the

Discussion and Conclusions (Continued) clays. Yet in a majority of sample sites, the different layers (peat, muck, clay) and thus the soil types have been mechanically disturbed so as to produce a marbled-cake" effect. For example, there are pockets and layers of muck covered by clay, and swirls of mucky-clay in black organic soil areas. Soil temperatures under these 0

conditions can fluctuate as much as 4 F per horizontal foot at a soil depth of one foot.

There is no correlation between temperatures at the different levels, nor significant correlation between water temperatures and low level soil temperatures at the one foot depths (Fig. 2-5) . Surface temperatures still tend to relate to short term environmental factors such as cloud cover or cool nights etc.

Table 8 . A comparison of sorel temper'atures taken on January 15 a 20 as a function og soil type and elevation, Soil Types Organic Mucky ~ Clay Clay Site *2-04-00 3-18<<80 3 23 100 4 08~124 1-05 00 5~05~171 Levels High **75.5/75.7 74.5/74,0 77.0/71,0 68,0/7le5 65,0/69,0 66,0/67,5 Middle 76.0/73.0 74.0/73.5 78,5/73.0 68.0/71,5 65,0/67,0 65i0/68 '

Low 77.0/75.0 75.5/74,5 76.2/74.2 67,0/71,0 67+0/68,4 65,0/67,0 Means 76.2/74.6 74.7/74.0 77.2/72.7 '7,7/71,3 65,7/68, 1 65, 0/'67,7 Range 01.5/02 ' 01.5/01.0 02.3/03.2 01.0/00,5 02,0/02,0 01.0/01,5 2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• • Temperatures in F at depths of 1 inch/1 foot below soil surface,

Table 9 . A comparison of soil temperatures taken on April 12, 1976 as a function"of

~

soil type and elevation.

Soil Types Organic Mucky - Clay Clay .

Site *2-04-00 3-10-80 3-23-100 4<<08-124 1 05 00 5 05 171 Levels High **76.0/76.4 79.5/82.5 75.3/73.0 75,6/76,6 77;5/76,0 75,8/76,4 Middle 76.5/79.2 83.5/73.0 81.0/72.2 77.5/78.5 77.0/75,0 76,6/76,8 Low 75.0/78.2 76.5/76.5 80.5/78.2 77.5/78,0 77.3/81,2 79,4/76,4 Means 75,8/77.9 78.8/77.3, 78,9/74,5 76.9/77,7 77,3/77.4 77,3/76,5 Range 01.5/02.8 07.0/09.5 05.7/06.0 01,9/01.9 00,5/Q6,2 03,6/00,4

• 2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• • Temperatures in P at depths of 1 inch/1 foot below soil suxface,

Table 10. A comparison of soil temperatures taken on July 8 1976 as a gunctgon og soil type and elevation.

Soil Types Organic Mucky - Clay Clay Site *2-04'-00 3-10-80 3 23~100 4 08~124 1-.05~00 5r 05~171 Levels I'igh **92.5/92.5 88.5/94.0 91.5/85.0 89 '/88,0 91.5/88,5 89,0/86.0 Middle 90.0/91.5 87.5/88.5 93.5/90.0 90.5/87.5 92.0/87,0 93.0/87,5 Low 92.2/90.2 93.5/89.5 92.0/89.0 . 90.0/87.5 90.5/87.8 92,5/88,2 Means 91.6/91.4 89.8/90.7 92.3/88.0 89,8/87.7 91.3/87,8 91,8/87,2 I

Range 02.5/02.3 06.0/05.5 02.0/05.0 01.5/00 ' 01.5/01.5 04.0/02,2

/

2-04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• • Temperatures in F at depths of 1 inch/1 foot below soil surface.

Table ll. A comparison soil type and of sorel temperatures taken elevation.

on Qctober 3 1976 as a functus.pn pg.:.:

Soil Types Organic Mucky Clay Clay Site *2-04-00 3 10~80 3 23 100 4~08~124 1~05~00 5~05~171 Levels High **82.0/87.5 85.0/86.5 82.0/81.0 83 . 5/82. 5 76.5/82.0 86 '/85.0 Middle 88.0/87.5 84.5/86.0 92.0/85.0 86.0/83.5 77.5/82.5 83.0/84.0 Low 78.0/86.0 85.0/83.5 86.5/85.5 81.5/83.5 79.0/85.0 84.0/83.0 Means 82.7/87.0 84.8/85.3 86.8/83.8 83.7/83.2 77.7/83.2 84.3/84.0 Range 10.0/01.5 0.50/0.30 10.0/04.5 04.5/01.0 02 '/03.0 03.0/02.0 2-"04-00 = Section 2, Berm 4, Station 00.

• • Temperatures in 0 F at depths of 1 inch/1 foot, below soil surface.

85 F 80

~A~A W

A

'LH ~-r L 0,

~~

Mo ~ oe ~~ oo M+%.

70

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Soil types Clay Organic Org./Mucky Mucky Clay Clay Clay Figure 2. Air, water, and soil temperatures as a function of section and soil type on January 15-20, 1976.

W = ambient water temperatures A = ambient air temperatures H = high level soil temp. at lft; depth M = middle level soil temp. at L = low level soil temp. at

• = January 15 lft.lft. depth depth J-22

95 F 90 85 H AW L,

80 i.M

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~ M 70 F Section Soil, types Clay Organic Org./Mucky Mucky Clay Clay Clay Figure 3. Air, water, and soil temperatures as a

,function of section and soil type on April 12, 1976.

W = ambient water temperatures A = ambient air temperatures H = high level soil temp. at

= middle level soil temp. at lft. depth lft.

M L = low level soil temp. at lft. depthdepth J-2 3

105 F 100 95 W

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80 F Section 1 4 5 Soil types Clay Organic Org./Mucky Mucky Clay Clay Clay Figure 4. Air, water, and soil temperatures as a function of section and soil type. oq July 8, 1976.

H = ambient water temperatures A = ambient air temperatures H = high level soil temp. at M = middle level soil temp. at lft.

lft. depth

,L = low level soil temp. at lft. depthdepth J-24

90 F W W 85

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70 F Section 1 Soil types Clay Organic Org./Mucky Mucky Clay Clay Clay Figure 5. Air, water, and soil temperatures as a function of section and soil type on October 12, 1976.

W = ambient. eater temperatures A = ambient air temperatures H, = high level soil temp. at lft.

lft.depth M = middle level soil temp. at L = low level soil temp. at lft. depthdepth J-25

B 'SOXL 'CHEMISTRY Method One hundred and forty seven samples were collected at 49 sample sites covering the entire cooling canal system (Figure 6 ) and all major soil types. Sample sites are classified as follows:

Sites based on soils

l. dark black 2.. organic

3. mucky clayN

4. clay Sites based on vegitative density

5. none 6.. heavy

7. medium

8. light 9.. area (initially) covered by grass Levels T top of berm.

M 'id level of berm L 1 foot above water level Samples were analyzed for pH, salinity,'onductivity and nutrients (Table l2-15 ).

Dis'cuss'i'on 'SCon'clu'si'ons During the rainy season the salinity levels decrease to as low as 290 PPM for some of the organic soils of the western spoil berms. During the rainy season the soil has a tendency toward alkalinity, higher nitrogen, and lower phosphorous, potassium, calcium, chloride and conductivity.

Chlorides are the major growth retardant while phosphorous appears to be the limiting nutrient.

J-27

Table 12. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for January 1976.

Sample pH NO.*

3 p* Ca* Cl* Cond MHOSx10-5 1 NT 7.0 34 1 :45 250 2,250 280 WM 7.4 18 .1 59 1500 3,500 340 WL 7.4 .

95 .5 660 1500 30,000 1800 2 NT 7.1 95 1 40 350 1,500 240 WM 7.5 30 2 59 1000 2,900 280 WL 7.5 80 1 415 1400 20,000 1000 3 WT 7.7 24 l. 250 750 9,750 700 WM 7.7 28 ,, 1. 155 500 6,900 600 WL 7.6 35 1 590 900 21,500 1400 4 NT 7.9 44 4 164 650 9,000 900 WM 7.8 33 .5 260 500 12,500 1000 7.5 10 1 920 1000 30,250 3000 5 WT 7.8 30 1 120 550 8,000 750 WM 7.8 37 .5 215 750 12,000 1000 WL 7.5 24 1 "-590 1000 21,500 1200 6 WT 7. 4- 22 .1 20 1250 3,000 310

'L 7 WT 7.

7.5 5'.4 20 46 30 1,

-1 59 610 65 1750 1250 1000 4,500 22,000 6,100 400 1200 600 NM 7.6 22 .1 65 1100 5,100 450 WL 7.4 30 .1 400 900 15,000 1000 8 WT 7.6 40 ~ 1 120 1200 7,000 600 WM 7.6 40 .5 120 900 7,500 600 WL 7.5 48 1 600 950 22,500 1200 9 WT 7.7 20 .1 71 650 3,650 400 WM 7.7 20 .1 45 550 4,000 380 WL 7.6 19 1 590 1000 28,000 1200 NET 7.5 90 2 380 1150 11,000 800 WEM 7.5 115 415 1050 '3,000 800 WEL 7.5 110 670 1500 21,750 1000

• all these numbers in PPM J-28

Table 13- Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for April 197,6.

Sample pH NO + P* Ca* C1+ Cond.

3 MHOSx10-5 1 WT 7.1 90 2 40 1500 2,000 280 WM 7.2 125 59 1300 2,975 410 WL 7,.5 85 700 1250 34,000 2200 2 WT 7.2 115 40 1600 1,250 320 WM 6.9 140 .8 95 1750 3,400 400 WL 7.2 140 ~ 6 1050 2500 47,500 3100 3 WT 7.5 105 2 205 1250 9,250 800 WM 7.6 50 4 120 700 6,500 650 WL 7.8 39 .1 545 750 20i500 1600 4 WT 7.8 60 .1 173 700 8,250 800 WM 7.8 46 1 110 650 8,375 710 WL 7.8 10 2 590 800 30,875 2400 5 WT 7' 55 ~ 1 110 850 5,750 575 WM 7..8 80 1 120 750 8,250 800 WL 7.8 40 2 760 9GO 29i500 2100 6 NT 7.1 85 2 71 1500 2,950 410 WM 7.4 70 .1 59 1450 4,000 510 WL 7.7 65 2 610 1000 28,000 2000 7 NT 7.4 46 2 40 900 2,000 360 WM 7.5 90 .1 45 17.00 2,800 460 WL 7.6 110 1 670 2100 35,000 2000 8 WT 7.5 60 '1 110 1500 5,500 610 WM 7.6 115 .12 260 1700 16,000 1100 WL 7.7 34 .5 520, 950 20,000 1150 9 WT 7.5 60 1 95 900 5,000 610 NM 7.6 135 .12 148 1500 11,500 1025 NL 7.8 18 .1 490 900 28,000 1800 WET'EM 7.5 85, .8 415 1200 15,000 900 7.6 18 ~ 1 195 2000 7,000 600 NEL 7.5 46 2 1250 1700 31,000 1300

• all these numbers in PPM J-29

Table 14. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for August 1976.

Sample . pH NO

• Ca* Cond.

3 MHOSx10-5 1 WT 6.3 46 1 16 400 1,250 240 WM 7.0 32 .5 25 100 1,000 160 WL 7.0 80 .1 59 250 2,950 200 2 WT 6.7 24 .2 14 850 425 150 WM 7.2 145 .1 40 800 2,200 340 WL 7.4 44 .2 250 1500 11,000 1000 3 WT'M 7.4 130 1 380 750 15,000 1600 7.8 47 .1 120 500 5,500 550 7.7 13 .5 600 950 22,000 1200 4 WT 7.6 48 .1 120 1800 6,000 650 7.8 45 .1 120 550 7,625 700 7.8 8 .1 500 650 ~

24,000 2000 5 WT 7.6 100 1 146 450 9,500 900 7.8 98 .1 205 850 10,500 1100 7.9 24 1 500 650 22,000 1800 6 WT 7.4 . 24 .2 20 450 1,150 240 WM. 7.1. 100 .5 30 400 2,400 300 7.8 22 .5 95 600 7,500 650 7 WT 6.8 34 .1. 16 2000 700 220 6.9 40 ~ 1 25 1600 700 200 WL 6.7 44 .2 215 650 12,000 1000 8 WT 7.5 90 .2 65 550 3,600 450 WM 7.6 100 .1 65 1100 5,000 525 WL 7.7 95 .1 164 650 8,,875 700 9 WT 7.9 40 .1 20 200 900 150 WM 7.7 60 .1 20 500 2,200 290 7.6 60 .1 79 600 6,100 600 7.5 75 .1 71 650 4,300 425 WEL 7.6 49 .2 300 r

800 11,000 800

• all these numbers in PPM J-30

Table 15. Soil test report from Turkey Point Cooling Canal System Berms for October 1976.

Sample pH NO +

3 P* Ca* Cl* Cond.

MHOSx10-5 WT 7.1 . 15 1 10 2000 400 140 7.6 115 1 35 550 950 120 7.3 70 1 185 1600 10,000 800 2 WT 7.4 16 .1 6 700 290 90 6.9 140 ~ 1 45 1100 2,050 200 7.6 44 ~ 1 195 1150 12,000 1000 3 WT 7.3 19 .1 12 1650 1,025 150 WM 7.7 42 .5 53 950 2,600 260 7.9 48 ~ 1 148 600 9,000 900 4 WT 8.0 120 1 315 700 10,500 1000 7.8 55 .1 120 600 6,375 525 WL 7.8 19 . 1 690 3000 45,000 3000 S WT 7.9 46 .1 103 900 4,000 450 WM 7.8 46 1 65 800 3,900 400 7..8 46 2 138 950 7,500 700 6 WT 7.8 70 ~ 1 45 900 2,300 260 WM 7.6 50 .1 59 1150 3,600 340 WL. 7.7 100 3 164 1750 800 700 7 WT 7.8 40 .5 10 350 340 90 6.9 45 .1 16 1500 900 170 WL 7.7 35 .2 95 1150 6,500 600 8 WT 7.7 15 .1 25 1250 1,700 230 WM 7.- 5 125 1 65 750 4,125 240 7.8 15 1 365 1150 15,000 900 9 WT 8.0 20 .2 18 300 925 97 WM 7.7 30 1 10 350 1,150 140 WL 7.9 8 .12 500 1100 21,000 1200 WET 7.5 48 .1 79 700 4,500 320 WEM 7.5 46 ~ 1 71 750 4,050 280 WEL 7.6 39 .1 164 675 8,000 750

• all these numbers in PPM

C. Soil Erosion Test Si,tes

'Methods Thr'ee soil erosion test sites were set up in 1975.

The three sites are located on berm 2 at the north end of section 5, berm 16 at the south end of section 4 and on berm 30 at the north end of section 5 (see Figure 6).

Four pipes were driven through the berms and into the underlying rock. Each pipe was marked with a refer-ence point. The distance from the reference point to the berm soil was measured. Comparison of these measure-ments from period to period will allow the, determination of changes in the height of the berms; Zn addition,

a. trough was dug 12 to 18 inches deep on the slope of the berm, perpendicular to the flow in the canals. The depth of the trough 'as measured to determine possible erosion due to rainfall.

Rainfall recorders have'been placed so as to more I

precisely document precipitation in the site areas.

Zf the soil is oxidized, blown off the berms by wind or washed away by the rain, the effect should be measur-able. This will provide the information needed to assess the rate at which erosion occurs.

J-32

'Dis'cu's's'i'on '&Con'c'1'u'si'ons Of the thr'ee methods tried, only the simple "vertical reference pipe" has given consistent data. The "averaging cross" and "run-off trough" may eventually give good long term results, but short term inconsistencies have made them too unreliable to include at this time. Even the "vertical reference pipe" showed random inconsistencies until the last two quarters. The soils in the area have now re-covered from the site construction effort and greater pre-cautions have been taken to limit unauthorized access to the 1

sites.

The most dramatic effects of erosions are still to be found in simple qualitative observations. Wave action has caused 1-2 foot deep caves to be. cut into the shore lines.

Stakes used to tie up airboats at various sample stations are getting closer to- the shoreline. Rocks and'hells can I

be seen sitting atop 1 and 2 inch pedestals of substrate material. These are clear indications of water'nd/or to lesser extent wind erosion.

J-33

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rigure 6 ~ TURKEY PoINT Pl ANT slTE L cooLING cANAL Natural-'Revegetation and Soil Temperatures Qevegatation - Xnduced "Xnitial Study" Revegetation - Xnduced Serendipity" Soil Chemistry Soi osion Test Sites

III.K'ERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS This report is to comply with section 4.B.4.a of the Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifica-tions, which requires that annual. aerial photographs be taken of the cooling canal system.

When these photographs are compared with similar sets taken in December of 1973, 1974 and. 1975 and Nove'mber of 1976, it can be seen that:

1. The individual islands of vegetation that were preserved while the canals were being built appear vigorous and healthy after four years in an altered environment.

2. Vegetation to the south, west, and east of the canal system is experiencing no decline in gross numbers 'or health of the plants as a result of the presence of the canal syste'm ;

3. Revegetation of the canal banks has occurred to a limited degree in specific areas. No mass invasion of the area by undesirable plant species is occurring.

From the yearly photographs of the canal system at Turkey Point, it is evident that. infestation of the canal banks by pest species'f plants is not a prob-lem. On the contrary because of the high salinities in the soils of these banks and the disrupted physical K-1

nature of the soils themselves, revegetation by even native, salt-tolerant plants is going to be a very slow gradual process.

In summary, it can be stated that there are minor positive changes in the vegetation at and around Turkey Point that can be observed by comparing the photographs taken in 1973, 1974) 1975 and 1976.

K-2

III.L CONDENSER CLEANLINESS CHLORINE USAGE REPORT NOVEMBER 16., 1976 This report is being issued to comply with Florida Power

& Light Con'.pany Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 2. 3b, and Florida Power & Light Company Turkey Point Plant Environmental Procedure F-10, which requires the condenser inlet water I

boxes and, the intake wells to be inspected semi-annually in order to ascertain adequate control of condenser tube fouling.

The condenser and water boxes of Unit 3 were inspected on November 15, L976. Unit 4's condenser and water boxes were inspected, on November 16, 1976.

They were found to be in a satisfactory state of cleanliness; therefore, not requiring chlorination at this time.

/

0

ZV. RECORDS OF CHANGES ZN SURVEY PROCEDURES None.

V. SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES'OT'EQUIRED BY THE ETS Section ZIZ.G of this report analyzes data collected which were not required by the ETS.

VI ~ VIOLATIONS. OF THE ETS One item of non-compliance is discussed in ZE Inspection Report Nos. 50-'250/76-9 and 50-251/76-9. This has to do with the Administrative Section of the ETS (5.1) whereby FP&L independent auditors failed to identify and follow up items of non-.compliance cited by NRC in Inspection Report Nos. 50-250/75-9 and 50-251/75-9.

Corrective action was taken in FPL's letter to NRC of August 24, 1976.

VII UNUSUAL EVENTS g CHANGES TO THE PLANT g ETS ~ PERMITS OR CERTIFICATES The Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District revised its agreement with FP&L on September 10, 1976 to reduce the number and frequency of monitoring well waters around the cooling system. A copy of this agreement was mailed to the NRC.

VIII ~ STUDIES REQUIRED BY THE ETS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT None.