ML18227A961

Submit Semiannual Environmental Report No. 7, January 1, 1976 Through June 30, 1976

ML18227A961
Person / Time
Site:	Turkey Point
Issue date:	08/15/2018
From:	Florida Power & Light Co
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18227A961 (242)

Text

TURKEY POINT UNITS 3 & 4 SEMIANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT NO. 7 JANUARY 1, 1976 through JUNE 30, 1976

e TABLE OF CONTENTS Pacae Introduction Records of Monitoring Requirement Surveys and Samples III. Analysis of Environmental Data A. Chemical B. Thermal C. Fish D~ Benthic E. Physical and Nutrient Data F. Plankton G. Recovery of-Discharge Area H. Sediment Chemistry'V.

Records of Changes in Survey Procedures V. Special Environmental Studies Related to the Licensed Facilities not required by the Environmental Technical Specifications VI. Records of any violations of the Environmental Technical Specifications VII. Records of any Unusual Events, Changes to the Plant, Changes to the Environmental Technical Specifications, and Changes to Permits or Certificates VIII. Studies required by the Environmental Technical Specifications not included in this report

I. INTRODUCTION This report is submitted i'n accordance with Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 5.4.a. This report covers the period January 1, 1976 through June 30, 1976.

Please refer to the Plant's Semiannual Operating Report for the same period, for operational informa-tion.

II. RECORDS OF MONITORING REQUIREMENT SURVEYS AND SAMPLES The results of the chemical analyses conducted at the outlet of Lake Warren are shown on pages 3, 4 and 5 of this report. Page 6 contains the amounts of chemicals added from Units 3 and 4 to the closed circulating water system. Results of the various biological programs are given in sections IXI.C through IXX.H.

XXI. ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA A. Chemical Analysis of chemical parameters data shows the same trends that have been observed for the last three years, and reported in previous semiannual reports. The pH ranged from a low of 7.60 to a high of 7.98. Dissolved Oxygen ranged between 5 and 6 ppm during the cooler months, and between 4 and 5 during the warmer months. Salinity con-centrations ranged from 30.5 ppt during the rainy season, to a high of 41.5 ppt "during the dry season.

Residual chlorine analyses were conducted sporadically during this period, because no chlorination of the circula-ting water system was conducted. It was not required to conduct the test if no chlorination took place, nonetheless, some tests were conducted to check out the hardware. Once again, Ammonia and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) level remained at or below the detection limits. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels averaged 480 mg/1 for the period, with a min/max of 184/856. No definite trend can be observed with the DO levels, except that these oscillated more than in the previous period.

-TURKEY POINT PLANT UNITS 3 & 4 pHt DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND SALINITY

~ LAKE WARREN DISCHARGE YEAR 1976 biO. JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL JUNE DAY D.O. Sa . a D.O. a .O.

7.90 5.1 38.0 7.90 5.7 38.0 7.83 4.60 36. 0 7.85 4.70 40.0 7.78 4.8 40.0 7.83 4.4o 35 7.85 5.0 38.0 7.90 5.2 36.5 7.80 4.60 37.5 7.85 4.60 40.0 7.82 5.5 38.5 7.82 4.40 36.

7.80 5.6 38.0 7.90 5 ' 36.5 7.85 4.60 37.0 7.85 4.60 40.0 7.95 5.4 38.0 7.8 4.80 35.

7.85 5.3 38.0 7.86 5.2 37.0 7.85 4. 60 37.0 7.77 F 50 40.0 7.85 5.6 38.5 7.8 .4 '0 35.

7.80 4.8 37.0 7.90 5.2 38.0 7.90 4.80 36.5 7.79 4.30 40.0 7.90 5.5 38.5 7.8 4.65 36.

7.80 5.1 37.5 7.89 5.0 38.0 7.80 4.90 37.5 7.80 4.4 39.5 7.92 5.3 38.0 7.8 4.9 35.9 7.80 5.0 37.5 F 85 5.5 38 ' 7.85 5.05 38.0 7.78 4.5 37.0 7.88 5.2 38 ' 7.8 4.6 36.

7.80 4' 37.0 7.90 5.35 38.0 7.60 4.20 38.0 7.85 4.4 38.0 7.85 4.4 38.0 7.9 4 36.5 7.80 4.8 37.0 7.90 5.2 38 0 7.75 4.10 37.0 7.84 4.55 38.0 7.98 4.2 37.5 7.8 3.8 36.5 0 7.82 6.0 38.0 7.90 5.2 38 ' 7.70 4.40 38. 5 7.86 4.9 38.0 7.85 3.6 38.0 7 3.8 34.5 7.84 6.25 38.5 7.90 5.4 39.0 7.71 4. 20 3?.5 7.84 5.0 38.5 7.85 4.0 38.5 7.82 4.5 32.5 7.85 5.7 37.5 7.85 5.2 39.0 7.75 4.50 39.0 7.80 4.95 38.5 7.90 4.1 39.0 7.85 4. 75 32.0 7.85 5.0 37.5 7.90 38.0 7.85 4.50 38.0 7.75 4.8 38.5 7.80 4.0 39.0 7.83 31.0 7.90 5.0 38.0 7.81 4~9 38.5 7.71 4.4 38. 0 7.7 5.0 40.0 7.85 3.8 39.0 7.85 4 31.5

7. 90 4.r, 37.n 7.85 4. 9d 38.0 7.78 4. 6nl 38.n 7.8 4,4 38. n 7. 8'5 39,0 7.8$

7.89 4 ' 37.5 7.85 5.0 38.0 7.7 4.4 38. 0 7i82 5.2 39.0 7.90 4.25 37.0 7.90 4.65 32.5'3.

7 '1 6.1 37.5 7.95 4.8 38.0 7.7 4.4 38.0 7.83 5.4 38.5 7.88 4.45 38.0 7.91 4 4 ~ 5':

7.85 5.9 37 ' 7 '0 4.8 38.0 7.8 4.9 38.0 7.83 5.25 39.5 7.85 4.6 38.5 7.92 4.35 33.5.'3.5 7.90 6.2 38.0 7. 0 4.6 38.0 7.8 5.2 39. 5 7.78 5.1 39.5 7.92 4.75 38.5 7.80 4.25 0 7.89 5.9 37.0 7.90 38.0 7.7 5.1 40.0 7.8 4.6 40.0 7.91 4.2 38.5 7.87 4.45 34.0

7. 90 5.6 38.0 7.88 4.7 38.0 7.8 5.0 39.5 7.9 4.6 38.5 7.92 4.6 39-5 7.90 4 60 34. 5I

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7. 88 5.6 38.0 7.86 4.86 38.0 7.85 4;30 39. 0 7.8 4.3'9 ' 7 '5 4445 38.5 7.90 4 '0 34.5 7.89 6.0 37.0 7.80 4.80 37.0 7.85 4.25 39.0 7.8 3.9 39.5 7.90 5.0 38.5 7.88 4.45 33.g 7.85 6.3 38.0 7.80 5.40 38.0 7.82 4.50 38.5 7.8 4.5 39.0 7.88 4.6 38.5 7.95 4.90 32.0 7.88 5.95 38.0 7.85 6.20 39.0 7.80 4.80 40.0 .80 4.3 40.0 7. 90 5.2 38.5 7.92 4.95 31.$

25 7.90 5.3 37.5 7.85 6.00 37.5 7.82 4.80 39.0 7. 85 4.3 40.0 7.92 4.5 38.5 7.90 4.80 31.$

7.95 5.8 38.0 7.85 5.40 36.5 7.75 4.90 41. 5 7.90 4.6 39.5 7.8 4.4 38.5 7.92 3.5 32.d 7.80 4.9 37.0 7.80 5.00 37.5 7.80 4.80 39.0 7 '3 4.2 39.5 7.8 3.8 39.5 7.90 4.0 30.5 29 7 '5 5.1 37.0 7.83 4.85 37 ' 7 '5 4.60 40.0 7 '5 5.0 39.0 7.8 4.2 38.0 7-92 3 '5

'30 7.9 5.4 37 ' 7.85 4.60 39.5 7.85 5.2 40.0 7.8 4.5 37.0 7.90 3.90 31.5 31 7.8 5.8 37.5 7.85 4.70 40.0 7.8 4.9 36.5

1 2'76

,T. RES.

CHLOR. AMMONIA

<0.'2 B;O.D.

FLORIDA POt'lER E LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLA'ITS UNITS 3 6 NOTE:

C.O.D..

480

'WARREN DISCHARGE All Results in Cll I

Zn mg/L Co 4'AKE As. Hg

<0. 0002 YEAR OIL

~ Cr Pb 1/9/76 <0.2 370 0. '.06 '0'.02 <0.001 <0.00.02 <1 '0. 2 1/19/76 <0.2

'80 03'0

<0. 0002 1 23 76 ~ 2 <<0.0002 1 30 76 <0.2 ~ 665 <0.0002 J6 76 <0.2 511 2 <0.02 <0.001 0.0005 2/13/76 0.2 832 <0.0002 2/20/76 <0.2 515 <0.0002 2/27/76 <0.2 620 <0.0002 3/5/76 <0. 572 <0. 02 0'. 09 <0. 02 <0.001 <0.0002 2 <0.02 2'0.2 3/12/76 184 <0.0002 3/19/76 <.Ol 3/19/76 0.2 264 <0.0002 3/26/76 0.2 192 <0.0002 3/27/76 <i Ol 4/2/76 <.01 4/2/76 <0.2 ~ 856 0. 03 0.05 0.02 <0.001 0.0002 4/9/76 <.01-4/9/76 <0. 2 520 <0. 0002 4/16/76 <0.2 405 <0.0002 4/23/76 <.Ol 4/23/76 < 0.2 420 = < 0. 0002

'/30/76 <0.2 310 < 0. 0002

. 5/7/76 <.0. 2 330 0.05 0. 07:0. 02 < 0: 001 <0-0002 .0 5/14/76 < 0.2 310 0.0003 W 'f W ~ W

FLORIDA PO'iNER & LIGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANTS UNITS 3 &

'WARREN DISCHARGE 4'AKE NOTE: All Results in mg/L. YEAR 1976 T. RES; DATE CHLOR AMMONIA 'B,O.D, C,O,D ~ . Cu Co 's. Hg OIL Cr Pb Ccj 5 21 76 0.2 396 1 5/21/76 <. Ol 5/27/76 <. 01 001'0.0002 5/28/76 <0. 2 '<1 359 <0.000 .

6/3/76 6/4/76 6/11/76

<. 01

<0. 2

<0. 2 555

'94

-<<0;02 0. 06 <0.02 '. <0.000 <

0.000 '< 1 1<<0.02 <0.05 <0. 02 6 18 76 0.2 696 '

<0.000 6 25 76 <0. 2 '588 < 0.000 <1

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Heavy metals maintained their previous levels. We began monitoring for Cadmium in April, 1976.

The amounts of chemicals released to the circulating water system remained fairly constant. After treatment of these chemicals in the plant's waste treatment facili-ties, and mixing with the circulating water system waters, these chemicals are undetectable.

Thermal data collected have been summarized in tempera-ture time duration curves by month, for both the inlet and outlet temperatures. These are shown on Tables III.B-l through XII.B-6.

No major differences were observed between this six-month period and the same periods in 1974 and 1975.

Listed below are the maximum inlet and outlet temperatures for 1974, 1975 and 1976, in degrees Farenheit.

Max. Xnlet Tem Max. Outlet Tem 1974 1975 1976 )

1974 1975 1976 January 81 86 80 94 99 96 February 81 89 83 97 101 98 March 85 92 86 101 102 102 April 86 90 86 101 101 102 May 90 92 87 105 105 105 91 96 90 108 110 106

TABLE III.B.l TIME DURATION CURVES .TEMPERATURE JANUARY 1976 UNITS 3 6 4 *INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 16 80 2.2 2 96 0.3 30 79 6.2 10 95 1.6 58 78 14.0 34 94 6.2 58 77 21.8 28 93 10.0

64. 76 30.4 47 92 16.3 77 75 40.8 46 91 22.5 88 74 52.6 42 90 28.1 27 73 56.3 53 89 35.3 25 72 59.6 56 88 42.8 21 71 62.4 35 87 47.5 65 70 '1.2 33 86 52.0 30 69 75.2 38 85 57.1 30 68 79. 3 48 84 63.5 37 67 84. 3 33 83 68.0 40 66 89. 6 33 82 72.4 21 65 92.5 35 81 77.1 28 64 96.2 35 80 Sl.S 5 63 96.9 51 79 88.7 12 62

• 98. 5, 24 78 91.9 4 61 ~ 99.1 21 77 94.8 7 60 100.0 22 76 97.7

'9 75 98.9 4 74 99.5 3 73 99.9 0 72 99.9 0 71 99.9 0 70 99.9 0 69 99.9 0 68 99.9 0 67 99.9 0 66 99.9 1 '. 65 100.0

TABLE III.B.2 TIME DURATION CURVES .TEMPERATURE FEBRUA'RY 1976 UNITS 3 & 4 INTAKE LAKE NARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME - 8 OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME - %

10 83 1.4 1 98 0.1 21 82 4.5 9.6 10 97 l. 6-36 81 28 96 5.6

-52 80 17.1 42 95 11.6 88 79 29.7 35 "

94 16;7

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~ 79 78 41.1 65 93 26=.0 71 77 51.3 72 92 36. 4 43 76 57.5 66 91 45.8 32 75 62.1 54 90 53.6 37 74 67.4 30 89 57.9 46 73 74;0 41 88 63.8 53 72 81.6 57 87 72.0 24 71 85.1 39 86 77.6 30 70 89.4 38 85 83.0-17 69 91. 8 32 84 87.6 18 68 94.4 34 83 92.5 33 67 99.1 13 82 94.4 6 66 100.0 18 81 97.0 t

6 80 97.8 3 79 98.3 7 78 99.3 5 77. 100.0..

TABLE III.B.3 TINE DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE MRCH 1976 UNITS 3 & 4 INTAKE 'AKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME " %

1 86 0.1 5 102 ,0. 7 25 85 3.5 2 101 0.9 28 84 7 ~ 3. 28 100 4.7 65 83 16. 0 42 99 10. 3 I 123 82 32.5 49 98 16.9 123 81 49. 1 83 97 28.1 117 80 64.8 90 96 40.2 75 79 74.9 83 95 51. 3 48 78 81.3 91 94 63. 6 30 77 85.3 71 93 73. 1 29 76 89.2 73 92 82.9 37 75 94.2 36 91 87.8 21 74 97.0 39 90 93.0" 16 73 99.2 29 89 96.9 6 72 100.0 17 88 99.2 5 87 99.9 1 86 100.0

0 TABLE III.B.4 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE APRIL 1976 UNITS 3 & 4 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER - ACCUMULATED OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 42 86 5.8 2 102 38 79 85 84 ll. 1

22. 1 46 35 101 100 6.7 ll. 5 75 83 32. 5 58 99 19. 6 82 82 43.9 62 98 28.2 78 81 54.8 85 97 40.1-71 80 64.7 55 96 47.7 46 79 71.1 81 95 59.0 33 78. 75.7 58 -94 67.0 85 51 31 8

77 76 75 74 87.5 94.6 98.9 100.0 42 54 49 25 32 83'.3 93 92 91 90 89 72.9 80.4 87.2 90.7

95. l.

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15 88 97. 2 9 87 98.5 5 86 99.2 4 85 99.7 0 84 99.7 2 100.0

0 TABLE III.B.5 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE MAY 1976 UNITS 3 6 4 INTAKE 'AKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATHD OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIMH-59 87 7.9 105 0.5-98 86 21. 1 23 104 3.6 78 85 31.6 48 103 10. 1 130 84 49.1 44 102 16.0 120 83 65.2 63 101 24.5 84 82 76.5 84 100 35.8 55 81 83.9 74 99 45.7 43 80 89.7 85 98 57.1 44 79 95.6 63 97 65.6 28 78 99.3 59 96 73.5 5 77 100.0 45 95 79.6 46 94 85.8 17 93 88.0.

8 92 89. 1 13 91 .90. 9 3 90 91.3 1 89 91.4 21 88 94.2 15 87 96.2 4 86 96.8 16 85 98.9

, 8 84 100.0

(0 TABLE III.B.6 TIME DURATION CURVES ,TEMPERATURE JUNE 1976 UNITS 3 6 4 INTAKE LAKE HARREN OUTLET NUMBER ACCUMULATED NUMBER ACCUMULATED OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME OF HOURS TEMPERATURE TIME 30 33 90 89  :

4.2 8.7.

ll 21 106 105 1.5 4~4 37 88 13. 9 20 104 7.2 73 87 24.0 22 103 10.3 144 86 44.0 31 102 14.6 131 85 62.2 29 101 18.6 94 84 75.3 71 100 28.5 59 83 83.5 64 99 37.4 28 82 87.4 95 98 50.6 19 81 90.0 65 97 59.6 47 80 96.5 71 96 69.4 25 79 100.0 67 95 78.7 44 94 84.9 35 93 89.7 37 92 94.9 97.1 ll 16 6

91 90 89 98.6 99.4 4 88 100.0

0

zZZ.C. FISH ND SHELLFISH

-A~troducti on of this study to sample the fish shellfish

'he purpose w'as and populations in the Turkey Point cooling canal system to determine species presence, relative abundance and size. Observations on life history stages were taken which would identify species with reproducing popu-lations. Species which demonstrated a variety of life history stages may be, considered" established in the canals.

.Methods and Materials Fishes were collected monthly from January through June 1976, the period covered by this report. Sampling was done at the ten stations (Figure C.l) which were surveyed and reported in 1974 and 1975.

Collections were made by gill net and minnow trap..The gill nets were designed for experimental fishing by combining 2, 3 and 4 inch stretch mesh panels sewn end-to-end. These monofilament nylon nets measured 6 by 100 feet. The minnow traps were constructed of gal-vanized steel, measured 9 by 18 inches and had a mesh size one-quarter inch square. The minnow traps were baited with soy cake.

The sampling method at each station was determined by the configuration and characteristics of the canal at the sampling site.

Gill nets were fished at Stations 1, 2, 4 and 8; minnow traps at Stations 2 through.10. Preliminary studies at Station 1 had revealed absence of fhe small fishes which could be co'Ilected by minnow traps. One gill.net and/or two minnow traps were fished for one 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> period per station per month.

All specimens collected were identified to species, counted, measured to the nearest millimeter and weighed to the nearest gram.

Fishes were measured from the tip of the snout to the base of the tail (standard length). Crabs were measured across the shell (carapace);

lobster and shrimp along the carapace and tail. Fish nomenclature was in 'accordance with the American Fisheries Society (Bai ley, et al., 1970).

Results and Discussion Twenty-three species of fishes and five species of shellfishes were collected during this sampling period (Table C.l). Collections by month and station number are presented in Tables C.2 - C.7.

The killifish family (Cyprinodontidae) and livebearer family (Poeciliidae) comprised 86.0 and 9.5~, respectively, of the 2371 total fishes collected.

with The 1070 and 959 d ~ii goldspotted killifish Floridichth h

individuals, respectively.

p d s ~car i

The io) p aod i

goldspotted the sheepshead 11 d killifish was the dominant species at Stations 2-7, based on the number of individuals collected. The sheepshead minnow was the dominant species at'Stations 8-10. The largest numbers of individuals of these two species were collected

0 in June (Table C.7).

The sailfin molly (Poecilia ~lati irma) was the only other species in which more than 36 individuals were obtained during all sampling periods combined. Approximately 705 of the 226 individuals collected were obtained at Station 9. The largest number of sailfin mollies were found during January (Table C.2).

Since juvenile and adult fishes were captured, it may be assumed that reproducing populations of goldspotted killifish, sheepshead minnow, and sailfin molly are established within the canal system.

Other killfish'es collected were the marsh killifish (4 individuals),

Gulf killifish (3), and rainwater killifish (2). Continuing studies should indicate whether there are enough indiviudals of these species to maintain populations. The pike killifish (Belonesox ~belizanus is established in the vicinity of Station 9, based on visual observations.

The crested goby also appears to be established, although only 13 individuals were collected. Two juvenile striped mojarras and one juvenile Atlantic 'needlefish were collected but no adults were found. The establishment of these two species appears doubtful.

The balance of the fishes listed in Table C.l were represented.

only by adult individuals. These include the bonefish, tidewater silver-side, lined seahorse, sharksucker, the snappers, the mojar ras (with the e

,0

the exception of the spotfin mojarra), Atlantic spadefish, striped mullet, the grunts and great barracuda. H As these fishes mature and die off, the species may be expected to disappear from the canal system unless, recruitment occurs from outside the system. This attri tion apparently has already

.occurred for ladyfish, sea catfish, hardhead silverside, pipefish, blue runner, crevalle jack, lookdown, Gulf kingfish, two gobies and the checkered puffer. These species were collected from December 1974 to December 1975 .

and not found during recent sampling periods.

1lith the exception of one stone crab (36 mm carapace width),

no juvenile shellfishes were collected (Table C. 1). Without outside recruitment, the crabs, shrimp and spiny lobster may also be expected to disappear from the system.

~Summar The Turkey Point cooling canals are a closed system containing a decreasingly diverse assemblage of marine and estuarine species of fish.

The chance for outside recruitment of marine'pecies is low, with only extreme spring tides and hurricane associated floods potentially able to bring water into the canals. Reproducing populations, as evidenced by the occurrence of both juveniles and adults, is confined'rimarily within the killifish and livebearer families of fishes. The goldspotted killifish and the sheepshead minnow are the dominant fishes, based on number of individuals collected. The majority of fish, and shellfish species may be expected to disappear from the canal system as natural attrition occurs.

0 0

Literature Cited Bailey, R.M., J.E. Fitch, E.S. Herald, E.A. Lachner, C.C. Lindsey, C.R.

Robins and W.B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada (3rd ed.). Amer.

Fish. Soc., Spec. Publ. 6, 150 pp.

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FISH AND SHELLFISH SAMPLING STATIONS, TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM, JANUARY-JUNE, 1976 I .

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0 TABLE C. 1 SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS JANUARY-JUNE 1976 Number Range of of Standard Scientific Name Comon Name Individuals Len ths mm)

Limulus polyphemus horseshoe crab 1 240 Penaeus Sp. edible shrimp 3 70-108 Panulirus argus spiny lobster 5 250-320 Hinippe mercenari a stone crab 14 36-112 Calli nectes Sp. blue crab 2 106-160 Family Albul idae Albula vulpes bonefish 229-432 Family Belonidae Strongylura marina Atlantic needlefish 1 50 Family Cyprinodonti dae Cypri nodon vari ega tus sheepshead minnow 959 18-51 Flori dichthys carpio goldspotted killifish 1070 22-49 Fundulus confluentus marsh killi.fish 4 37-55 Fundulus grandis Gulf killifish 3 62-90 Lucania parva rainwater killifish 2 26-29 Family Poeciliidae Poecilia lati pinna sailfin molly 226 '3-74 Family Atherinidae Henidia beryllina tidewater silverside 52 Family Syngnathidae Hippocampus erectus lined seahorse 80 t Family Echeneidae Echenei s naucrates Family Lutjanidae Lutj anus apodus Lutjanus griseus, sharksucker schoolmaster gray snapper 4

13 458 174-255 178-444 Family Gerreidae Diapterus plumieri striped mojarra 2 140-241 Eucinostomus argenteus spotfin mojarra 2 29-45 Eucinostomus gula silver jenny 1 113 Gerres cinereus yellowfin mojarra 36 165-256

.Family Ephippidae Chaetodi pterus faber Atlantic spade fi sh 280-359 (Continued)

TABLE C. 1 (Continued)

SHELLFISHES AND FISHES COLLECTED TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS JANUARY-JUNE'1976 Number Range 'of of .St'andard

.Scientific Name Conmon Name Individuals Len ths mm)

Family Hugi lidae Mugi 2 cephalus striped mullet 305-381

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Family Pomadasyidae

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Haemulon parrai sailors choice 234-295 Haemulon sci urus bluestriped grunt 210-267 Family Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda great barracuda 457-522 Family Gobiidae Xophogobi us cyprinoi des crested goby 13 25-71 TABLE C 2 FISH 'AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 13-14 JANUARY '19,76 NUMBER RANGE OF TOTAL RANGE OF STATION OF STANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER SPECIES IN DIV I DUALS LENGTHS mm) ms) ('C) 1 'spiny lobster 279-300 2500 22.0-23.0

~ bluestriped grunt yellowfin mojarra 210-267 178-222 1760 499 22.0-22.5 striped mullet 356-381 2010 gray snapper 178-279 2160 bonefish 432 1009 crested goby 38-57 10 crested goby 44-54 18 21.5-22.0 gol dspotted killifish 25-29 2 bluestriped grunt 1 216 375 22.0-22.5 yellowfin mojarra 4 203-229 1112 gray snapper 1 305 800 crested goby 1 57 10 goldspotted'killifish 28 25-44 26 goldspotted killifish 19 32-44 19 21. 0-22. 5 sheepshead minnow 2 19-25 2 goldspotted killifish 16 25-38 16 22.0-26.0 sheepshead minnow 6 19-35 6 nothing 0 22.0-25.0 stone crab 2 83-89 450 22.0-29.0 great barracuda 1 457 710 sharksucker 1 458 450 silver jenny 1 113 46 striped mojarra 2 140-241 458 yellowfin mojarra 2 165 265 bonefish 1 229 170 goldspotted killifish 15 17-38 14 sheepshead minnow 16 19-25 14 edible shrimp 2 70-76 13 goldspotted killifish 10 28-47 13 22.0 sai 1 fin molly 1 1 1 27-74'2-45 143 sheepshead minnow 17 16

.g1 0 goldspotted ki llifish 16 25-37 16 22.0-25.0 sailfin molly 23 28-62 33 sheepshead minnow 10 23-31 9

TABLE C.3 FISH 'AND SHELLF'ISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 18-19 FEBRUARY,1976 NUMBER RANGE OF TOTAL RANGE OF STATION OF STANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER 'SPECIES INDIV I DUALS LENGTHS mm ( ms (oC) stone crab 80-112 1000 27.0-27.5 spiny lobster 260-320 ,

1800 horseshoe crab 240 360 great barracuda 490 800 Atlantic needlefish 50 1 yellowfin mojarra 4 175-188 736 27. 0-27. 5 bonefish 1 335 750 crested goby 44-62 28 goldspotted killifish 29 25. 5-28.0 stone crab 2 60-88 335 26.5 blue crab 1 160 250 yellowfin mojarra 9 184-230 2477 striped mullet 2 305-353 1100 goldspotted killifish 39 24-46 34 25.5-29.0 sheepshead minnow .23 17-26 17 gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 23-25 26.5-28.5 goldspotted killifish 23 23-26 18 27.5-29.0 sheepshead minnow 5 18-21 stone crab 1 106 530 27.0-36.0 great barracuda 1 522 800 gray snapper 1 232 360 goldspotted killifish 18 24-33 15 sheepshead minnow 4 23-27 2 sheepshead minnow 19-41 10 28. 0-28. 5 sailfin molly 35-41. 7 goldspotted killifish 42-48 5 10 goldspotted killifish 24 25-43 21 28.5-33.0 sheepshead minnow 5 29-32 4

-2 3-

0 TABLE C.4 FISH 'AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 30-31 MARCH 1976 ~

NUMBER RANGE OF TOTAL" RANGE OF STATION OF 'TANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER SPECIES INDIVIDUALS LENGTHS mm ( ms ( C) schoolmaster 174-199 377 28.0 Atlantic spadefish 280 1330 lined seahorse

'0 3

bonefish '2 362-373 1211 27.5-28.5 bluestriped grunt 2 219-241 785 gray snapper 1 234 358 goldspotted killifish 5 23-34 5 sail fin molly 1 .26 1 goldspotted ki 1 1ifish 29 26.5-27.5 yell owfin mojarra 208-256 1554 27. 0 goldspotted killifish 22-40 9 sailfin molly 29-38 3

~ 5 goldspotted ki llifish sheepshead minnow sai 1 fin'mol ly 24-40 24-26 28 2 7

3

. 25.5-30.0 gol dspotted killi'fish 15 30-44 22 27.0-30.0 sheepshead minnow 1 26 1 gol dspotted ki1 1 i fish 44 24-48 66 27.0-29.5 sail fin molly 7 25-49 9 sheepshead minnow 2 23-27 2 goldspotted killifish 3 24-28 26.5-36.0 rainwater killifish 1 29

~, sheepshead sheepshead sail fin molly minnow minnow 97 12 1 20 22-32 29-52 77 18 29.0-32.0 Gul f killifish 2 89-90 37 marsh killifish 2 37-48 10 gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 16 26-44 16 28. 5-33. 5 sail fin molly 1 38 2 sheepshead minnow 1 28 1 spotfin mojarra 1 45 4

TABLE C. 5 FISH 'AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 APRIL 1976 NUMBER RANGE OF . TOTAL RANGE OF STATION OF STANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER 'SPECIES IND I V I DUALS LENGTHS mm ( ms ( c) stone crab 36-108 594 28.0-30.5 0, blue crab Atlantic spadefish sailors choice 106 289-359 284-295 82 3191 1269 28.0-31.0 yellowfin mojarra 176 143 goldspotted killifish . 24-44 10 sailfin molly 36 1 gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 23 29-38 24 29.0 4 yellowfin mojarra 5 200-246 1769 29.0-29.5 schoolmaster 1 255 527 crested goby 2 53-59 10 goldspotted killifish 1 27 1 5 . sheepshead minnow 23-'26 29.5-31.0 goldspotted killifish 27-37 gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 84 . 26-44 94 29.0-31.0 sheepshead minnow 9 24-26 7 goldspotted killifish 27 29-45 37. 29. 5-31 . 0 sheepshead minnow 10 25-29 9 sail fin molly 2 25-31 2 striped mullet 2 334-354 1033 33.0-37.5 sheepshead minnow 74 24-36 56 goldspotted killifish 5 29-34 6 9 sheepshead sail fin molly minnow 70 8

29-40 34-49 81 15 31.0-34.0 marsh killi fish 2 51-55 6 Gulf killifish 1 62 6 10 gol dspotted ki ll i fish 32-34 29.0-33.5 spotfin mojarra 29

TABLE C~6 FISH'AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 27-28 MAY 1976 NUMBER RANGE OF TOTAL RANGE OF STATION OF STANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER SPECIES INDIVIDUALS LENGTHS mm ( ms ( C) stone crab 1 81 192 28.0-32.0 spiny lobster 1 250 525 sailors choice 1 238 342 gray snapper 2 332-444 1832 28.0-32.5 sailors choice 1 275 508 gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 24 25-39 17 goldspotted killifish 15 22-35 29.5-30.5 stone crab 1 101 305 31.0-32.0 yel1owfin mojarra 220.-230 1276 schoolmaster 1 234 459 gol dspotted ki1 lifish 14 28-45 17

~ sailfin molly goldspotted killifish sheepshead minnow 36 23 4

23-43 24-49 27-31 35 38 4

31.0-31. 5

'oldspotted killifish 32 27-49 54 30. 5-32. 0 sheepshead minnow 21 23-26 '10 go 1 dspot ted ki 1 1 i fi sh 93 25-41 120 31. 0-32. 0 sheepshead minnow ll 23-28 9 edibl e shrimp 1 108 12 31.5-35.0

'0 striped mullet 3 311-345 1674 gray snapper 1 261 515 sheepshead minnow 42 24-35 13 sheepshead minnow 57 27-39 58 29.5-34.0 sailfin molly 1 29 1 rainwater killifish 1 26 1 goldspotted killifish 29 25-44 34 28.5

TABLE C. 7 FISH 'AND SHELLFISH SURVEY TURKEY POINT COOLING CANALS 24-25 JUNE 1976 NUMBER RANGE OF TOTAL RANGE OF STATION OF STANDARD WEIGHT TEMPERATURES NUMBER SPECIES INDIVIDUALS ~

LENGTHS (mm) ( ms ( C) stone crab 74-88 220 26.0-27.0 sailors choice 234 388 yellowfin mojarra 1 203 232 25..0 goldspotted killifish 57 22-42 56 sheepshead minnow 21 22-30 15 tidewater sil verside 1 52 1 gol ds potted ki i fish 1 1 84 22-43 75 24. 0-25. 0 gol dspotted killifish 4 28-41 6 24.0-25.5 crested goby 1

• 51 3.

gol dspotted ki 1 1 i fish 27 '7-44 31 24.5-26.0 sheepshead minnow 24 23-40 16 gol dspotted ki1 1 i fish 75 24-45 97 25.0 sheepshead minnow 51 22-29 39 goldspotted killifish 82 22-43" 73 24.0-26.0 minnow '13 -'heepshead 23-27 8 sheepshead minnow 112 26-35 93 26.5-36. 0 goldspotted killifish 22 26-40 23 sheepshead minnow 99 23-49 117 25.0-26.5 sailfin molly ~

12 26-47 13 sheepshead minnow 132 23-51 143 26.5-29.0 goldspotted killifish 18 25-44 26 sailfin molly 2 32-38 crested goby 1 71 9 III. D. BENTHOS 0.1. MACROINVERTEBRATES INTRODUCTION Macroinvertebrates are animals large enough to be seen by the unaided eye and can be retained by a U.S; Standard No. 30 sieve (28 meshes per inch, 0.595 mm openings; EPA, 1973). They live at least part of their life cycles within or upon available substrate in a body of water or water transport system.

The major taxonomic groups of marine macroinvertebrates are polychaete worms, molluscs, crustaceans, echinoderms, and bryozoans.

Benthic macroinvertebrates occupy all levels of the trophic structure of a marine coranunity, and as such, are important members of the food web. They represent a very diverse aggregate which exhibits the com-piete range of feeding types and habitat preferences.

A community of macroinvertebrates in an aquatic ecosystem is very sensitive toenvironmental stress. Because of the limited mobility and relatively long life span of benthic invertebrates, their community characteristics are a function of environmental conditions during the recent past. Thus they serve as useful indicators of environmental perturbation.

0 0

MATERIALS AND METHODS The collection and analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates was accomplished through the use of methods and materials recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, 1973,', Holme and McIntyre (1971); Standard Methods (APHA, 1971) and NESP (1975).

Benthic sampling in the Turkey Point cooling canal system was accomplished by direct sampling of the bottom'ubstrata by using an Ekman grab. This device is a 6" X 6" metal box equipped with spring-loaded jaws which are closed when tripped with a messenger weight. The enclosed substratum was then raised to the surface and washed through a No. 30 mesh sieve to remove fine sediment and detri tus particles. All material retained on the sieve was preserved in a 1:1 mixture of Eosin 8 and Biebrich Scarlet stains in a 1:1000 concentration of 5X formalin (Williams, 1974). These stains color animal tissue red--and-enable faster, more accurate hand sorting or benthic samples.

Three replicate grab samples were taken in May of 1976 at each of eight sampling stations ( Figure D.l. 1). Repli-cation is necessary for valid statistical analysis because of variation in distribution patterns of benthic fauna ( EPA, 1973).

Sampling at Station RC.O was hindered by the fact that the sub-stratum was very rocky thus allowing the grab to shut without enclosing a sample. No reliable data could be obtained at this station.

Biomass analyses of the grab samples were made on a dry weight basis, exclusive of molluscan shells. This was accomplished by drying whole samples at 105'C for four hours, then weighing them on a Mettler K32 analytical balance (EPA, 1973). Biomass was repor ted

.as the mean biomass per replicate per month and also as biomass per square meter per month. Biomass per square meter, as well as density per square meter, were calculated by taking a mean of the results of the three replicate samples and multiplying by the appropriate factor.

The Shannon-Meaver Index of Diversity and the equitability component was also computed and applied to the data (see section entitled Diversity and Equitability.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Benthic macroinvertebrates at Turkey Point were of four main groups: polychaete marine worms, molluscs (snails and bivalves),-

crustaceans and a miscellaneous group of diverse animals which were present irregularly and in small numbers (Tables D.l.l through D.l.7 ).

Polychaetes were the most abundant group. Additional invertebrates were collected during fish surveys (see Section C). These 'included species of commercially important decapod crustaceans; namely, stone crabs, blue crabs, lobsters, and shrimp.

Density of benthic macroinvertebrates in the canal system was dependent on sample site and ranged from 1106 individuals per square meter at Station F. 1 to 14, 483 at Station E3.2. The latter 0

density was the highest ever recorded at Turkey Point. Most of the stations showed reduced density since December, 1975, but showed generally increased density since May, 1975 (Figure D.1.2). All stations were numerically dominated by polychaete worms.

Coincident with the increase in density, biomass in May, 1976, was generally greater than in December, 1975, and less variable than in May, 1975. Station E.3.2 had the greatest biomass (8.08 g/m )

while Station W18.2 had the least biomass (2.66 g/m2).

Diversity of the benthic community was generally low and continued the trend of decreased diversity which started in August, 1975 ( Figure D.1.2). Dominance of the benthic community by polychaete worms was the main reason for this trend. These burrowing deposit-feeding animals are best suited for life in the soft, mud and fibrous peat substratum of the canal system. The only station where this type of substratum did not occur was Station F.l where the bottom was harder and suited for other species. Because this station was located nearest the plant discharge, water temperatures there would be expected to be highest and probably high enough to preclude recruitment from other areas of the canal system. This was evidenced by the fact that Station F. 1 had the lowest density and diversity of all the stations. Biomass there was comparable with other stations due to the presence of the relatively larger and heavier bodied snail Batillaria minima.

Diversity was highest in .the canal system in May, 1975, when 38 species were recorded from all stations. There were 22 species in May, 1976, 12 of which were polychaete worm species.

The number of crustacean and mollusc species and individuals had declined considerably from earlier sampling periods. Future sampling will determine if the reduction of crustacean and moll-uscan species'continues.

I The trend of increasing'dominance by polychaetes has been previously reported (Applied Biology, 1976). Should it continue, comnunity stability, in the classic sense of high diversity and comounity complexity, will never be realized in the Turkey Point Canal system. Instead, a community of polychaete worms will evolve. II Polychaete worms are known to tolerate wider variances in environmental conditions than most other organisms. The tissue heat-resistance of Nere'is diversicolor'as been shown to change during'seasonal fluctuations in temperature (Ivleva, 1967). This species has also been reported by Markovski (1960) and Warinner and Brehmer (1966) to occur in the vicinity of thermal outfalls from steam electric plants during summer months. In a study of thermal pollution, Warinner and Brehmer (1965) found that, in Augu'st, two polychaetes, Heteromastus'nd Nereis succinea, were the only surviving species at a point 100 yards from the outfall of' power plant,'everal studies in southern California 0

0

have reported polychaetes to survive in heavily polluted areas with restricted circulation (Reish 1956 and 1959). Bandy et al.

(1965) reported polychaetes to outnumber other groups 8:1 at an W

ocean sewage outfall.

Conclusions The general trend of the benthic macroinvertebrate community continued toward increased density and biomass and greatly reduced diversity and number of species. Poly-chaete worms continued and increased their dominance of the benthic coomunity. Due to the apparent lack of recruitment of species to the canal system, it appears likely that polychaete worms will'ventually replace the crustacean and mollusc populations reported earlier. These latter organisms do not appear to have sufficient reproductive success in the canals.

Diversit and E uitabilit' EPA; '1973 Diversity indices are an additional tool for measuring the quality of the environment and the effect of induced stress on th structure of a community of macroinvertebrates. Their use is based on the generally observed phenomenon that undisturbed environ-ments support communities having large numbers of species with no indiv'idual species present in overwhelming abundance. If the species in such a community are ranked on the basis of their numerical abundance, there r

will be relatively few species with large numbers of individuals and large'numbers of species represented by only a few individuals. Many forms of stress tend to reduce diversity by making the environment unsuitable for some species or by giving other species a competitive advantage.

There are .two components of species diversity: .the number of species (species richness) and the distribution of individuals among the species (species eveness) . The inclusion of this latter component renders the diversity index independent of sample size.

The Shannon-Heaver index of diversity (d) (Lloyd, Zar, and Karr, 1968) calculates mean diversity and is recommended by the EPA (1973).

0' d =

C (Nlog 10 N - E n. log n.)

N i, 10 C = 3.321928 (converts base 10 log to base 2)

N = total number of individuals n.=

1 total number of individuals of the i.th species.

Mean diversity as calculated above is affected by both species richness and eveness and may range from 0 to 3.321928 log To'evaluate the component of diversity due to the distribution of individuals among the species (equitability), compare the calculated d with a hypothetical maximum d based on an arbitrarily selected distribution. This hypothetical maximum would occur when all species are equally abundant. Since this phenomenon is quite unlikely in nature, Lloyd and Ghelardi (1964) proposed the term "equitability" and compared d with a maximum based on the distribution obtained from MacArthur's (1957) "broken stick" model. The MacArthur model results in distribution quite frequently observed in nature one with a few abundant species and increasing numbers of species represented by only a few individuals.

Sample data are not expected to conform to the MacArthur model, since it is only being used as a measure against which the distribution of abundances is compared. Equitability values may range from zero to one except in rare cases where the distribution in the sample is more equitable than in the MacArthur model.

Equitability is computed by:

= S' S

where: S = number of taxa in the sample S'= hypotheti'cal maximum number of taxa in the sample based on a table devised by Lloyd and Ghelardi (1.964).

When Wilhm (1970) evaluated diversity indices calculated from data collected by numerous authors, he found that in unpolluted water d was generally between 3 and 4, whereas in polluted waters, d was generally less than 1. However, data collected from southeastern United States waters by EPA biologists has shown that where degradation is at, slight to moderate levels, d lacks the sensitivity to demonstrate differences. Equitability, on the contrary, is very sensitive to demonstrate differences. Equitability levels below 0.5 have not been encountered in southeastern waters known to be unaffected by oxygen-demanding wastes, and in such waters, e generally ranged from 0.6 to 0.8. Even slight levels of degradation have been found I

to reduce equitability below 0.5 and generally to a range of 0.0 to 0.3.

0 0

0

LITERATURE CITED APHA, 1971. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste-water (13th ed.). American Public Health Assoc. New York. 874 p.

Applied Biology, Inc. 1976. Turkey Point Units 3 and 4. Semiannual Environmental Report No. 6; January 1, 1975 through December 31, 1975; Bandy, 0. L., J. C. Ingle, and J. M. Resig. 1965. Modification of foraminiferal distribution by the Orange County outfall, California. Ocean Sci. Ocean Engr. 1:54-76.

EPA. 1973. Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the guality of Surface Waters and Effluents (EPA 670/4-73-001). C. I.

Webber (ed.), Environmental Protection Agency, National Environ-mental Research Center, Cincinnati.

Holme,N. A.,'nd A. D. McIntyre. Methods for the study of Marine Benthos.

IBP Handbook No. 16. Blackwell's Oxford. 396 p.

e Ivleva, I. V. '1967. The relation of tissue heat-resistance of polychaeter to asmotic and .temperature conditions of the environment, p. 232-237. In B. P. Ushakov (ed.) Variability in cellular heat resistance of an>mals in antogenesis and phylogenesis. Acad. Sci ., Moscow.

Lloyd, M., and R. J. Ghelardi. 1964. A table for calculating the "equita-bility" component of species diversity. J. Anim. Ecol. 33:217-225.

Lloyd, M., J. H. Zar, and J. R. Karr.- 1968. On the calculation of infor-mation - theoretical measures of diversity. Amer. Mid. Natur. 79 (2): 257-272.

MacArthur, R. H. 1957. On the relative abundance of bird species. Proc.

Nat. Acad. Sci. Washington, D. C. 43:293-295.

Markowski, S. 1960. Observations on the response of some benthonic organ-isms to power station cooling water . J. Anim. Ecol. 29(2):349-357.

P NESP. 1975. National Environmental Studies Project. Environmental Impact Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plants: Source Book of Monitoring Methods.

Battelle Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio. 918 p.

Reish, D. J. 1956. An ecological study of lower San Gabriel River, Califor-nia, with special reference to pollution. Calif. Fish Game. 42:53-61.

,:.1.959.,'An ecological study ef 'pollution in Los Angeles - Long Beach.

Harbors, California, Allan Hancock Occ. Paper. 22.119 p. "

Warinner, J. E. and M. L. Brehmer, 1965. The effects of thermal effluents on marine or ganisms; Proc. '19th 'Industrial Waste Conf. Purdue Univ.

Eng. Ext. Ser. 117:479-492.

1966. The effects of thermal effluents on marine organisms. Air Water Poll. Int. J. 10:277-289.

LITERATURE CITED - Continued Wilhm, J. L. 1970. Range of diversity index in benthic macroinvertebrate populations. J. Water Poll. Fed. 42(5): R221-R224.

Williams, G. E., III. 1974. New techniques to facilitate hand-picking macrobenthos. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 93(2): 220-226.

FIGURE. D.1.1 LOCATION OF BENTHIC f1ACROINYERTEBRATE SAl1PLING STATIONS-TURKEY POINT PLANT F 1

& I TURKEY PT.

BISCAY NE RC. 0 BAY W6.2 E3.2 W I8.2 RC.2 COOLING CANALS x (

W.F. 2 RF,3

/

//

C A R D S 0 U N D Qf V ~

DEC M FEB 75 AUG DEC HAY 76 10 M

E 6

DEC 74 FEB 75 MAY AUG DEC MAY 76 10 CD CD CD 8

X E

o 6 0

4 CD DEC 74 FEB 75 HAY AUG DEC HAY 76 FIGURE D.1.2 MEAN DIVERSITY, BIONASS AND DENSITY PER STATION'URKEY POINT PLANT, 1974-1976 0

TABLE D.l.l RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION RC. 2 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Re licate ecies 1 2 Class Polychaeta wOrms Autolytus brevici rrata 50 21 64 Cirriformia filigera 7 Dorvi1lea soci abi lis 7 Odontosyllis enopla 7 Nereis succinea 21 Podarke obscura 21 28 Class Crustacea ostracods cylindroleberis mariae 14 14 Sarsi ella americana 7 amphipods aicrodeucopus gryllotalpa Phylum Echiurida echiurid worms nalassema hartmani Indi vi dual s/Rep1 i cate 99 56 141 Biomass (g)/Replicate 0.101 0.105- 0.081 Index of Diversity 1.92 2.16 2.16 Equitability 0.98 1.18 0.98 Individuals/m 4253 Biomass(g)/m 4.124

TABLE D.1.2 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION E3.2 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Re licate ecies 1 2 Class Polychaeta WOrmS Amphicteis gunneri floridus 7 Autolytus brevi cirrata 92 14 78 Cirriformia filigera 114 43 14 Dorvi llea soci abili s 36 43 14 Hapl oscoloplos fragilis 14 14 Hydroides SP. 7 Qdontosyllis enopla 14 Nereis succinea 14 Podarke obscura 114 28 Polyophthalamus pi ctus 7 Class Pelecypoda bi ValVeS Gouldia cerina 78 21 Class Crustacea ostracods cylindroleberis mariae 43. 43 amphi pods Mi crodeutopus gryllotal pa Phylum Echiurida echiurid worms rhalassema hartmani Individuals/Replicate 519 313 176 Biomass (g)/Replicate 0.199 0.150 0. 213 Index of Diversity 2. 83 2.86 2. 45 Equi tab ii) ty 0.99 1. 13'I 0.94 2

Individuals/m 14,483 2

Biomass (g)/m 8.075 0

TABLE D.l.3 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION WF. 2-TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Re licate ecies 1 2 Class Polychaeta WOrmS Autos ytus brevicirrata 7 21 Ci rrifonnia filigera 14 Odontosyllis enopIa 7 Nerei s succinea 14 21 Podarke obscura 28 21 Class Pelecypoda bival ves Gouldia cerina Lyonsia fIoridana Class Gastropoda snails aatillari a minima Individuals/Replicate 77 77 Biomass (g)/Replicate 0.0:70 0. 199 Ih'dex of Diversity 2. 37 2.16 Equi tabi 1 i ty 1.17 1. 19 Indi vi dual s/m 2414 Biomass (g)/m 6.164

TABLE D.1.4 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATIONW18.2 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Re licate ecies '1 2 Class Polychaeta WOrms Autolytus brevicirrata 7 Cirriformia filigera 21 Nereis succi nea 7 7 Podarke obscura 50 28 Class Grus tacea amphipods zlasmopus rapax 21 Indi vi dual s/Rep1 i cate 85 56 Biomass (g)/Replicate 0. 115 0. 044 Index of Diversity 1.55 1.41 Equitability 0.93 1.12 Individuals/m 2126 2.

Biomass (g)/m 2.658

TABLE D.1.5 RESULTS OF BENTHIC HACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION M6.2 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Rl licate ecies 1 2.

Class Polychaeta Worms Autolytus brevicirrata 64 64 92 Ci rri formi a filigera 28 28 Nereis succinea 14 28 14 Podarke obscura 21 14 99 Class Gastropoda snails aulla occidentalis 21 Class Pelecypoda biVal VeS Goul'dia cerina Class Crustacea OStraCOds Cylindroleberis mariae amphipods Hemiaegina minuta Indi viduals/Replicate 120 141 247 Biomass (g)/Reply cate 0. 201 0.103 . 0.172 Index of Diversity 1. 73 2. 00 1.95 Equitability 1.08 1.06 0. 85 Individuals/m 7299 2

Biomass (g)/m 6.839 0

TABLE D.1.6 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION F. 1 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Re licate ecies 1 2 Class Polychaeta Worms Nereis succinea Podarke obscura Class Gastropoda snails aatillaria minima 21 21 Individuals/Replicate 35 28 Biomass (g}/Replicate 0. 191 0.059 0.184 Index of Diversity 0. 97 1.59 0. 81 Equi tab i 1 i ty 1.15 1.27 1.00 Individuals/m 1106 l

Bi'omass (g}/m 6.236

TABLE D.1.7 RESULTS OF BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING AT STATION RF.3 -TURKEY POINT PLANT-MAY, 1976' S ecimens/Rt. licate ecies 1 2 Class Polychaeta wormS amphicteis gunneri floridus 14 21 Autolytus brevi ci rra ta 128 Cirriformia filigera 7 Marphysa sanguinea Pista cristata Nereis succinea 21 Podarke obscura 14 Class Pelecypoda biValVeS aouldia cerina Class Grus tacea

~ .

ostracods Cylindroleberis mariae 7'4 114 amphipods zlasmopus rapax 14 Mi crodeutopus gryl1 otal pa Individuals/Replicate 28 340 42 Biomass (9)/Replicate 0.121 0.262 0.100'.25 Index of Diversity 1.00 2. 36 Equitability 1.22 0.77 1.28 Individuals/m 5891 Biomass (g)/Replicate 6.940

D.2 MICROBIOLOGY INTRODUCTION The microbiological study of'he Turkey Point canal sedi-ments was conducted to provide an understanding of bacterial isolates present in the, substrates. These isolates were characterized according to their ability to utilize various organic {carbohydrate, lipid, protein) and inorganic (nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite and ammonia) substrates. Bacterial cycling of nutrients as energy food sources is essential for. the growth and diversity of organisms living in the canal environment.

A. Chi tin Chitin is a major complex carbohydrate found in the marine environment. This material is composed of repeating units of N-acety -.

glucosamine, a derivative of glucose, which contains the elements car-bon, hyrdrogen, nitrogen and oxygen. Chitin is the basic structural compound found in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, insects, and other arthropods. Insufficient degradation of chitin could result in deple-tion of fundamental elements from the carbon and nitrogen cycles, B. Ce1 1 ul ose Another complex carbohydrate found in the estuarine environ-ment is cellulose from the cell walls of plants. Cellulose is believed to make up more than 5(C of the total organic carbon in the biosphere, e

Very similar to chitin, cellulose is composed of repeating units of glucose molecules instead of glucosamine, so that nitrogen is'ot a component. Insufficient bacterial degradation of cellulose would make carbon less avai lable for use by other organisms.

C. ~Su ars Utilization of small carbohydrates as energy or food sources was also included in the characterization of isolates. Lactose, g'lucose, mannitol and saccharose were used as the test sugars. Lactose and saccharose are disaccharides with lactose being composed of galactose and glucose, while saccharose is composed of fructose and glucose, Glucose and mannitol are simple sugars called monosaccharides.

D. Proteins Proteins occurring free in the marine environment are products of degradation of dead plants and animals. Degradation of free protein contributes to the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur pools. Casein (milk protein) hydrolysis by marine bacteria shows good correlation with hydrolysis of naturally occurring marine protein (Sizemore and Stevenson, 1970). The test for casein hydrolysis was performed on all bacterial isolates.

E. Nitro en and Sulfur The role of the bacterial isolates in specific steps of the

nitrogen and sulfur cycles was investigated. Nitrogen exists in the environment in several forms, including: molecular nitrogen, ammonia, amines, nitrites, nitrates and protein. The production of ammonia from proteins (ammonification), ammonia oxidation to nitrite and then nitrate and the reduction of nitrates are all normal phenomena in a healthy environment and were used as indicators of utilization of nitrogen compounds by the bacterial isolates.

Sulfur is the sixth most abundant element in the sea (Steven-son and Colwell, 1973). lt may exist in an oxidized form as sulfate or sulfite, or in a reduced form as sulfide.

Materials and Methods Sediment samples were taken asceptically with a gravity type

.core sampler (>lildco Supply Company) or a clean polypropylene wide a

mouth jar at eight stations within the canal system and three in Bis-cayne Bay that were used as controls (Figure 0.2.1). Sterile screw-capped bottles were filled with the mud-water mixture at the sampling location. They were then placed on =ice until the analyses were begun in the laboratory.

Immediately after arriving in the laboratory, each bottle con-taining' sample was weighed. The mud-sea water mixture was shaken vigorously. An aliquot (approximately one ml) of this slurry was re-moved with a sterile pipet and placed in a dilution bottle containing 99 ml of. sterile artificial sea water. After the aliquot of sample was 0

e

removed from each bottle, the sample bottle was once again weighed. The difference in the two weights is equal to the weight of the sample removed from each bottle. This sample weight was used in calculating the number of bacteria per gram of sediment.

Serial dilutions were then made from the bottles containing the measured aliquot. A most-probable-number (tlPN) was determined from triplicate inoculations into broth of the three most dilute samples (APHA, 1974).

An inoculum from each of the sediment samples was streaked onto an agar plate (Marine Agar 2216, Difco Laboratories, Inc.).

Isolated colonies of these plates were randomly picked for study.

~

The majority of tests used to characterize and identify the isolates has been summarized (Table D.2.1). These tests follow standard microbiological procedures (Frobisher, 1968; Salle, 1961; Benson, 1967).

Sulfate reduction was examined in more detail during the May and June analyses. A sulfate-reducing medium composed of sodium lactate, dipotassium phosphate, sodium chloride and varying concentra-

'ions of amnonium and iron sulfate was used. The formulas for the five different concentrations of sulfate used in this study are as follows:

GRAMS OF NUTRIENTS ADDED TO 100 t<L OF DEONIZED WATER PARTS PER MILLION 2100 2625 3150 3675 4200 Amnonium sul fate 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 Iron sul fate 0.01 0.0125 0.015 0.0175 0.02 Sodium lactate 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Di potassium phosphate 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Sodium chloride 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 An inoculum from an undiluted sample was added to each of these concentrations of sulfate medium and cultured for three weeks.

Sulfate reduction to sulfide is detected by the formation of a black precipitate. This precipitate is due to the reaction between the reduced form of sulfate, hydrogen sulfide, and iron. This reaction results in the formation of iron sulfide which is a black precipitate.

Results and Discussion The number of bacteria per gram of sediment was highest in January, 1976, in the canals as well as in Biscayne Bay (Table D.2-2).

The average number of bacteria for the eight canal stations was 383.5 X 10 bacteria/gram compared to 210.0 X 10" bacteria/gram of sediment taken from the three bay stations. The average bacterial counts of samples taken in the canal syst'm in June was also high (373.0 X10 bacteria/gram of sediment). However, results obtained from the

control stations were low. Bacterial densities in the canal do not seem to vary according to seasonal changes alone. Other factors, such as chemical, probably also have an effect on the density of microorganisms in the canal system.

Stations W18-2 and WF-2 were found to have the highest average bacterial counts for the six month'eriod (433.4 x 10 and 406.5 x 104 bacteria/gram of sediment, respectively). Both of these stations are located on the western part of the canal system '(Figure D.2.1). The lowest six month average bacterial count was found near the intake canal, Station RC-0 (14.7 x 10 bacteria/gram of sediment). The diver-sity of bacteria is greatest during the month of March (Table D.2.3).

Laboratory tests performed on the bacteria isolated from the Turkey Point canal system indicated that organisms found there have a wide range of metabolic potentials.

Carbohydrates and proteins are readily degraded. Saccharolytic activity is usually not considered a major attribute of aquatic bacteria (Rheinheimer, 1974). However, since it is important as an aid in taxo-nomic identification of bacteria, tests for .this biochemical character-istic were conducted (Table D.2.4). Protein hydrolysis has an impact on cycling of important nutrients. A significant proportion of the isolates were capable of protein hydrolysis (Table D.2.5). By-products

of this hydrolysis include carbon compounds that. will go into the food chain and nitrogen. The nitrogen is initially in the reduced form of ammonia (Rehinheimer, 1974; Stevenson and Colwell, 1974) which may be oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by the action of bacteria (Frobisher, 1967}. A small percentage of the isolates were capable of oxidizing ammonia under proper conditions (Table 0.2.6). A greater percentage of the bacterial isolates performed nitrite reduction (36.1% of the isolates), which indicated anaerobic conditions; i.e., reduced oxygen in the canal sediments.

Chromogenicity, the ability of bacteria to produce a pigment, was noted during the months of February, March, April, May and June (Table 0.2.7). The highest percentage of bacteria demonstrating chromo-genicity was during the month of June, 1976. This coincided with the highest number of Pseudomonas sp. isolated from the canal system during the same month. Pseudomonads produce a diffusable.water soluble pigment whereas Aeromonas sp., Yibrio sp., and Achromobacter sp.

generally do not.produce pigment. Pigmentation 'is thought to be a trait that can be induced in many bacteria by exposure to light (Rheinheimer, 1974).

Chitin, a major constituent of marine environments, was found to be hydrolyzed by a majority of the bacterial isolates.

There were significant reductions in the numbers of chitinoclasts during March and May (Table 0.2.8). However, in both cases the num-bers increased the following month.

Analysis for cellulose degradation has given negative results.

The current methodology, for determining cellulose degradation may not be adequate for measuring the breakdown of this material in marine bacteria which require a medium containing a number of complex ions that interfere with the detection of cellulose breakdown. Another method for detecting cellulose hyrdolysis should be developed.

The resul ts. of chemical analyses show considerable quantities of sulfate in the Turkey Point canal system. For this reason, an in-depth analysis of sulfate reduction was performed. Sulfate re-ducers were found to be very active at sulfate concentratiohs up to and including 3,150 ppm (Table D.2.9). Sulfate reduction by the same aliquots of sediments samples at concentrations of 3,675 ppm and 4,200 ppm was minimal, if detected at all. This would indicate a nearly complete inhibition of sulfate reduction by the substrate itself at concentrations of 3,675 ppm and above.

Sulfate reducing bacteria are present in the sediments of

,the canal system. However, they may not be actively reducing sul-fate under all condi tions. Addition of sulfate ion producing materials in toxic quantities a result of power plant operations is thus contra-indicated.

0 LITERATURE CITED American Public Health Association. ,1971. Standard 'Methods'for 'the Examination of'Dairy Products. .13th ed. New York. encan u sc ea t ssociatson.

Benson, H.J. 1973. In: Microbiolo ical'A lications. Publ. Wm. C.

Brown'ompany - Dubuque, owa.

Campbell, L.L., Jr. and O.B. Williams. 1951. A study of chitin de-composing microorganisms of marine origin. J. Gen. Microbiol.

5: 894-905.

Chapell, E.W., G.L. Picciolo and R.H. Altland. 1967. A Sensitive Assay for Flavin Mononucleotide Using the Bacterial Bioluminescence Reaction. Biochem. Med. 1: 252-260.

9 bl h . 5.

Publ.

197 . ':

W.B. Sauders d

Company, I 9~15 Philadelphia, bl I Penna.

. 99. 1-929.

Holm-Hansen, 0. and C.R. Booth. 1966. The Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate on the Ocean and its Ecological Significance. J.

~Li 1. Il . 11: 515-519.

Karl, David M. and Paul A. LaRock. 1975. Adenosene Triphosphate Measurements in Soil and Marine Sediments. J. Fish Res. Board of Canada. 32: 599-607.

Lhlb .2.L. 1971. I:~bi h I . ybllhdbyl<<l ybllb Inc. N.Y.

Mor ita, R.Y., L.P. Jones, R.P. Griffiths and T.E. Staley. 1973. Salinity band temperature interactions and their relationship to the micro-biology of the estuarine environment. In,. Estuarine Microbial

~coloquy, pp. 22l-232. Univ. of S.C. Press, Columbia, S.C. L.H.

Stevenson and R.R. Colwell (ed.).

Rheinheimer, G. 1974. In: 'A vatic Micr'obiolo . Publ ished by Miley-Interscience, N.Y.

Shewan, J.M. 1963. The differentiation of certain genera of Gram-negative bacteria frequently encountered in marine environments.

I: m5 i Springfield, I&i .

II I ~i9i 'I C.H. Oppenheimer

. 99. 449-521.

(ed.).,

C.. 19 Shoaf, W. Thomas and Bruce H. Luim. 1976. The Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate in Pure Algal Cultures and Natural Aquatic Samples.

Research J. of U.S. Geol. Survey. 4: 241-245.

Stevenson, L.H. and R;R. Colwell. 1973. In: Estuarine Microbial fcolo pp. 533. U. of South Caroline Press. Columbia, S.C.

SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES FIGURE D.2. I X

F.l x

~

TURKEY PT.

BI S CAY NE RC.O BAY W6.2 E3.2 W I8.2 RC.2 COOLING CANALS x (

WF.2 RF.3

//

//

/

/

/

C A R 0 S 0 U N D

TABLE D.2.1 DETERMINATIVE TESTS USED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TEST

SUMMARY

OF METHODOLOGY Gram Stain (1) Air dry smear, heat fix (2) Crystal violet stain, rinse with H20 3 Apply mordant (iodine), rinse with H20 Decolorize with Gram"s alcohol, rinse with H20 5 Safranin stain, rinse with H20 Spore Stain (1) Air dry smear, heat fix 2 Apply 1% methylenh blue stain, rinse with H20 Catalase Test Apply a drop of 3X H202 to an isolated colony Oxygen Dependency (1) An agar-shake is made in a culture tube with each isolate to be tested l~'xidase t Test (1) A drop. of oxidase reagent (1% tetramethyl-p-r phenylene-diamine dihydrochloride) is applied to each isolated colony to be tested

\

Penicil1 in Sensitivity. (1) A Difco penicillin disk (5 units) is applied to

~ch plate streaked with bacteria Methyl-Red/Voges-Proskauer Test Meth 1 Red Add methyl red solution,kto a 24-48 hour culture of the bacteria to be tested.

~Pk Vo (1) Add 18 drops of Barritt's solution A to one ml of a 24-48 hour. culture

~

(2) Add 18 drops of Barritt's solution B to the above and shake e

Indol e (1) Grow each bacterial isolate in ll tryptone broth (Difco) for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> (2) After 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> add 10-12 drops of Kovac's reagent 1

Citrate Util ization (1) Streak each isolate on a slat of Simmon's Citrate Agar and incubate for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />

TABLE D.2. 1 (continued)

DETERMINATIVE TESTS USED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES TEST '

SUMMARY

OF METHODOLOGY Urea Hydrolysis Inoculate each isolate into 1% Difco urea broth containing phenol red indicator r

Moti 1 i ty Inoculate Difco motility medium with each isolate Ammonification of Chitin (1) Add a drop of a.4, 7, 10, 14, or 21 day culture grown in selective'edium to a spot plate well (2) Test for production of ammonia from chitin with Nessler's reagent (3) Confirm by observing culture for an additional 1-2 weeks for visual evidence of chitin degradation t

in the tube Ammonification of

'eptone . (1) Inoculate peptone broth with each isolate to be tested (2) Test for presence of ammonia after 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days with Nessler's reagent.

Metabolism of Carbohydrates (1) Culture isolated bacteria in specific sugar broths (2) Observe for change in. color of phenol red indicator from red to yellow as evidence of sugar metabolism Nitrate Reduction (1) Inoculate isolate to be tested. into BBl trypticase nitrate broth (2) After incubation, test for production of nitrite by adding a drop of the culture to a spot well con-taining 3 drops of Trommsdorf's reagent and one drop of dilute (1 part acid: 3 parts distilled H20) sul furic acid (3) Observe for development of an intense blue-black col or.

Sulfate Reduction '

(1) Bacterial isolates grown on triple sugar iron agar and sulfate reducer 'API agar Sulfite Reduction Bacterial isolates grown on BBL sulfite agar for 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> and examined for appearnace of blackened areas,

~ .

indicating formation of sulfide

TABLE D.2.2 MOST PROBABLE NUMBER OF BACTERIA (xl0 ) PER GRAM OF SEDIMENT STATION LOCATION BISC NE B TURKEY POINT CANAL SYSTEM STATION NUMBER 3 MEAN F- W6-2 W18-2 WF-2 RF-3 3-2 RC-2 RC-0 MEAN January 210 210 210 210 240 93 150 1100 1100 210 150 23 383.5 February 74.4 171.4 12.0 85.9 45. 7 280.0 368.0 160.0 450.0 83.3 214.3 4;2 ~

201.9 March 17. 2 7. 7 2. 8 9. 2 15.0 4. 3 57. 7 23. 1 100.0 18. 2 17.0 5. 2 30.1 April 91.4 8. 5 15. 9 38. 6 52. 3 47.4 441. 2 97.9 14. 3

• 62. 5 22. 5 105.5 May 18.2 "

18.5 20.2 19.0 571.4 82.8 1263.2 452.8 153.3 32.9 46.2 9.6 326.5 June 17.2 13.5 25.8 18.8 345.5 400.2 320.5 605.0 387.5 75 4 826.4 23.8 373.0 SIX MONTH 71.4 71.6 47.8 AVERAGE 211. 7 151. 3 433.4 406.5 369.2 87.9 219.4 14.7 The microbiological analysis for MPN was not done in April at Station E3-2 TABLE D.2.3 PERCENTAGE OF EACH MONTH'S BACTERIAL ISOLATES IDENTIFIED TO GENUS Percentage Distribution by Month Type o t Or anism Januar Februar March A ril Ma June Pseudomonas 30.00 41.20 26.30 9.10 23.50 63. 60 Xanthomonas Aeromonas vibrio group 21.05 27.27 29.40 Achromobacter Alcaligenes 30. 00 58. 80 21. 05 54. 55 47.10 36. 40 group Flavobacter 20.00 5. 30 9.09 t Cyctophaga Bacillaceae Micrococcaceae

21. 05 Col i forms Uni denti fied 20.00 5.30

TABLE. D.2.4 SACCAROLYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BACTERIAL ISOLATES of Iso ates Hetabo izin the Su ars Glucose Saccharose mannitol Lactose January 40.0 30.0 30.0 0 February 6.2 6.2 6.2 0 March 77.8 72. 2 55.6 0 April 45.4 36. 4 27.3 0 May 64.7 52.9 41.2 0 June 54. 6 27.3 27. 3 0 TABLE D.2.5 PROTEIN HYDROLYSIS ot Bacterial Isolates MONTH H dro1 zin Protein January 60. 0 February 31.2 March 33.9 April 90.9 May 58.8 June 72.7 TABLE D.2.6 PERCENT OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES OXIDIZING AMMONIA AS COMPARED TO THOSE REDUCING NITRATE AND NITRITE 5 of Isolates of Isolates Oxidizin Amnonia Reducin Nitrate or Nitrite 1.1 ..1 36.1 TABLE D.2. 7 CHROMOGENICITY IN TURKEY POINT BACTERIAL ISOLATES 1976 5 Bacterial Isolates Showing MONTH Chromogenicity in canal 1

January

'5.0 February March 16. 7 April 18. 2 May 25. 1 June 54. 6

• Not determined in January TABLE D.2.8 CHITIN HYDROLYSIS X H drol sis January 60.0

,Feb rua ry 56.2 March 38.9 April 90. 9 May 29.4 June 63. 7 TABLE D,2,9 SULFATE REDUCTION CONCENTRATION OF SULFATE IN THE MEDIUM PPM Re licate 2,100 2,625 3,150 3,675 2

3 10

.* + indicates minimum sul fate reduction occurred

++ indicates a significant amount of sulfate reduction has occurred

+++ indicates a large amount of sulfate hs occurred indicates no sulfate reduction was noted

III'.E PHYSICAL AND NUTRXENT DATA A. PHYSICAL DATA PURPOSE The purpose of this section is to provide basic physical data to help in the interpretation of plankton reports which follow. This report deals with data collected on a monthly basis during plankton sampling. More detailed temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen data can be found in another section of this report.

METHOD AND PROCEDURES

1. Temperature was measured by a Y.S.I. Thermistemp

+

Telethermometer. Accuracies were 0.5 o C.

2. Salinities were determined with an American Optical

+

Refractometer. Accuracies were 0.5 PPT.

3. Dissolved oxygen was measured with a Y.S.X. Probe

+

type oxygen meter. Accuracies were 0.4 PPM.

All instruments were calibrated before each sampling date. All measurements were made in the top meter of water.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Temperature 0

1. ( C)

The maximum temperature measured in the cooling canal system was 37 C but 30.4 C in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound. The maximum temperatures both within the cooling system and the bay were lower than in the same period of last year.

. The minimum temperature measured in the system was 18.5 C recorded in February, and 18.0 C in the bay re-corded the same month.

The average temperature of the bay continued to be lower by 2.0 C than the power plant's intake.

0 There is an average range of 10 C between the maximum and the minimum temperature in the cooling canal system for this period.

V

<I

2. SALINITY (PPT)

The maximum salinity in the cooling canals was 40.0 (PPT) or 1.0 (PPT) higher than the maximum in the bay. Most of this period of the year is known as the dry season. There is no evidence of salinity buildup in the system. That will be observed in the yearly report. The lowest salinity in the system, reported at the westernmost canal, is due to the op-eration of the interceptor ditch pump for salt water intrusion control.

Salinity average range in the system despite the station in the westernmost canal was 1.5 (PPT) and in the bay 1.0 (PPT). Salinities in the cooling canal system as in the bay are within the tolerable limits of the marine organisms of this area.

3. DISSOLVED OXYGEN (PPM)

Due to the elevated temperatures in the cooling canal system is dissolved oxygen is lower than in Biscayne Bay.

The lowest'alue of dissolved oxygen recorded in the system was above 4.2 PPM. This is a sufficient oxygen supply for the organisms living therein.

B. NUTRIENT DATA METHODS AND PROCEDURES Samples were collected monthly from 12 sample points within the canal system and three control sample points in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound.

Acid washed, ground glass, stoppered, clear containers were used for the ammonia samples with Phenol Alcohol added as the

/

preservative. Dark containers were used for the other nutrient samples with Mercuric Chloride added as the preservative.

All analyses were performed on a Technicon (cs M 6)

Autoanalyzer. Data is recorded as (PPM).

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The 1976 nutrient levels in the cooling canal system are marginally higher than in 1975. The average level of ammonia, nitrites, nitrate, organic and total phosphate are 3 to 4 times the average level at the three bay control sta-tions.

The apparent cycling of the ammonia, nitrite, and ni-trate seen in the cooling canal system in previous years has been repeated this period.

absence of April nutrient data was due.to sample

'he loss. The purpose of these analysis are to provide a more complete picture of the various parameteres correlated with the plankton in the system.

PLANKTON

1. ZOOPLANKTON A. SAMPLING METHODS AND PROCEDURES Methods and procedures were as previously reported using a standard 5" Clarke-Bumpus Sampler with a 410 mesh net and bucket.

Sampling was made at the top meter of the water at 1 to 3 mph speed. Tows were approximately 5 minutes long in the canals and three minutes long in the bay.

The methods of counting Zooplankton in the laboratory were the same as previously reported.

Zooplankton organisms were divided into six categories as following:

1. COPEPODS Includes cyclopoid, harpacticoid, and monstrilloid copepods.

2. GASTROPODS All gastropod veligers.

3. BIVALVE LARVAE All bivalve veligers.

,4 COPEPOD NAUPLII<

All crustacean nauplii similar in appearance to copepod nauplii (with the exception of cirripeds).

5. CIRRIPED NAUPLII As distinguished from other nauplii.

6. OTHER ORGANISMS All other Zooplankton not included in the first five categories.

The data is given as number per liter for each of the groups of Zooplankton.

B. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A lower level population of Zooplankton continues to exist in the cooling canal system. However, the level for this period showed higher concentrations than those that were recorded for the same period last year.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound the Zoo-plankton concentrations are approximately 8 10 times of those found in the cooling system.

In the bay the higher levels of Zoo-plankton are recorded in the winter. They decline toward the summer. The lowest level for this period is recorded in June.

More observations on Zooplankton will be made at the end of this year.

C. COPEPODS The low levels of last year have con-tinued through the first half of 1976 in the cooling system.

The highest concentration was .6 per liter while the aver-age was .2 copepods per liter.

In the bay the average maximum recorded for this period was 5.5 per liter and lower than 1975.

Copepod concentration in the bay was at.

its highest in February and at its lowest in June.

Zn both the bay and cooling system cope-pods constitute over 75 8 of the organisms counted.

D. GASTROPOD. AND BIVALVE LARVAE Both gastropod and bivalve larvae con-tinued to be almost totally absent in the cooling system.

However, for the gastropods, a level of .2 per liter was recorded in the month of June. This is similar to 1975.

Bivalve larvae continued at 0 per liter.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound gastropods are the second only to copepods in total number. They follow a cycle with highest levels in the winter time.

The highest concentration level for gastro-pods was above 2 per liter in February and April. The. level declined to less than .8 per liter for May and June.

Bivalve are always at a low level. The highest concentration was .06 per liter reported in January.

This is lower than the level reported in 1975 at 0.23 per liter.

E. COPEPOD AND CIRRIPED NAUPLII Both nauplii are too small to be adequately sampled by a 5 10 mesh net.

In the cooling canal the copepod nauplii level is essentially zero. The highest concentration for cirriped nauplii in the system was .2 per liter while the average maximum was below .02 per liter. In general both nauplii are at very low levels in the system.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound both re-corded maximum levels in the month of April, .3 per liter.

The average maximum was the same for both at below .1 per liter.

There is no'significant change in both concentrations between the first half of this year and the last half of last year.

OTHER ZOOPLANKTON The average level continued to decline both in the bay and in Card Sound for the first half of 1976 and was below the level recorded for 1975 at 0.5 per liter.

The highest concentration, was 1.0 per liter in the bay and .8 per liter in the cooling system. The average level for the bay was 0.3 per liter and 0.1 in the system.

Other Zooplankton organisms normally found in the cooling canals are fish eggs, fish larvae, shrimp larvae, zoea larvae, chaetognaths, polychae larvae, and tunicate larvae.

Zn Biscayne Bay and Card Sound in addition to the previous groups, nematodes, amphipods, cladocerans, and me-dusae are found.

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III.F PLANKTOH Report. on the Genera and Species of Algae and, protozoa in the Tummy Point Cooling Water Canals and Adjacent Biscayne Bay Waters, January to June, 1976.

Introduction The present report shows the number of times an organism occurraR in the canals, and in adjacent Bay waters. Quantitative nunbers are not given here, but the data aze on file, if requested. All sanples were presexved with Lugols solution when taken. Three groups of microorganisms are not shown in this report - small zooflagellates, With any debris at all, the exxor in counting such too great.

~

small blue greens such as Coccochloris and minute green cells.

forms is It is felt that the number of occurrences of a species is anze important, in showing whether or not it is endenu.c, than in numbers per liter. In these six aanths no bloans of 500 or narc per ml were noted, and in fact anst of the species present were so few, that numbers per liter were counted.

Groups Present Sulfur Bacteria.

Table 1 shows five species of Beg~atoa five occurrences in Bay samples, 25 in canal sanples. Generally it. would seem the Canals are a better envixonEt. But the best way to sanple for these bacteria is to take cores, and examine the sediment-water interface.

Under such a proc', coring the Bay in a sandy area, would yield vexy few Beggiatoa, while silted areas would be rmxe fruitful. As pointed out in Re~xt III these are not normally plankton, but crawl in the ceU.ulosic debris of the canals and successful coring or other bottom sanpling should yield high populations. Such large numbers are of little inportance, but do tend to mininu.ze H2S production. They are not important in the food chain.

e Blue Green algae.

Only 17 specie of these are recorded'n January June, 1976.

Coccochloris was purposely omitted, despite its known, but uncount-number and kinds of species have fluctuated to only a limited extent in the past reports so it may be concluded that whatever environ-aental factors favor the species of blue green algae, have becam stabilized, at least for occurrence. None of those identified occurred in abundance. Few are plankton farms, although GomE>hos-phoria ~anina can be eo tented It cccctzed dteticentiy in the Bay, was almost lacking in the canals, and while frequently present, was never abundant.

Blue greens were about twice as frequent 107 occurrences vs.

61 in the Bay as in the canals. Since nuobers per liter were always lcm, it must be assuned, that conditions favor only limited growth. this is despite the fact that mats of Oscillatoria and

~Ln~b~ have been observed on rocks and debris in the canals, and on macroscopic plants, in the Bay. All of the 18 speci.es shown are conn, except the very small filanentous form given the nam comment. None seem to have any particular indicator value here.

Volvocida.

In estaurine situations Volvocida are sanetimes nunarcnm, and may be represented by a nunber of genera which are detemnined by the salinity is high in both Bay and Canals, and is prcbably the grossi ~s. was the only one found in the Bay, occurring 8 times, and twice in the canals. In July December, 1974,- it occurred 14 times, but. in July Demznber, 1975, only 4 tiaes. Nith a scarcity of rainfall, there has. probably been a continuing scarcity of avail-able nitrogen. Volvocida are not important in the ecological picture for these tmo situations except by their absence.

0 4

Euglenida.

These also were few in number, and have consistently hem in 1974 and and there sre about five species of ~cClena eamon to salt water These aze prUnarily plankton species, and in large numbers, they indicate recent organic poU.ution. No such numbers~ were found in Januazy - June, 1976, and in fact ccxm nts on the excellent quality

, of South Biscayne Bay have been heard. So, bloans of green Euglenida have not been expected, nor have they been noted. Nineteen occurrences in the canals against 3 in the Bay is hazy significant beyond the presence of sana, probably soluble, organic matter. Hcwever, non-plmdcton euglenids, which are colorless, saprophytic are abundant in the bottcxn interface. A few, Astasia sp. for example, often st up in plankton. They probably cane fxan debris or litter from macro-scopic plants, cazried into suspension.

Euglinids cannot be said to have indicator, value, in the Turkey Point areas Crypbxrnnadida.

This is another group which is frequently abundant in estuaries. In past reports it has shown only a very few ~es in this area. 'Ihe abundant, aze indicative of good quality water. Their ~

sana is true for January June, 1976. Generally czyptmanads, here, both as to species present and low population, indicate re-if numbers strictive, but presently unidentified, factors.

Dinoflagellida.

'Ihis group, while well represented in fresh water, is rmst abundant in salt water. Many species, especially gymncdinia, are typically inshore species. Since all mxhs of nutrition are present in dino-flagellates it follows that inorganic substzates, dissolved organic matter and particulate matter all favor their presence. Either the canals lack enough of this nutrient material, or else other restric-tive factors aze present, for both species and frequency of occur-rence are nost abundant in the Bay.

-9 8-

0 e

Bay Species present 33. 25 Nzrber of occurrences 616 326

'dnne species, Pmnsiaella nerina, Gymncdininm sp. (large), and Perid-inium tzochoideum, occurred rmre fluently in the canals.

Since dinoflagellates at tirres bloom at hi.gh tentperatures or. at much lawer ones, it is not considered that the higher canal temperatures were effective here. A species of econanic importance which has bloomed repeatedly in the Gulf and in 1974 invaded Atlantic coastal breve, was not. recorded at Turkey Point. Of course, one sampling per rmnth may have missed it.

Pour species (Table 1) which were noted in the canals but not in the Bay are hardly significant. Various other species which favored the Bay were noted:

Bay Canals Ceratium furca 14 0 Ceratium fusus 39 4 Gyzot."omnium pingue 25 3 Peridinopsis rotunda 13 0 Peridinium divergens 13 1 Pzozocentrum micans 49 4 Pzoroceratium zecticulatum 19 1 Pzozoceratium triangulatum 10 2 Ppxx3.inium bahamience 25 0 Presumably these species weze originally present in the Canals when closed off, so save adverse factor eliminated them. Other species, less numerous in occurrence (Table 1) can be cited, but those of fze-cpxent occurrence, are believed significant.

All together dinoflagellates difference between Bay and ~ shor rather sharply that there is. a water. Tlenperatuze is the major

one, and turbidity may be another factor. A third may be turbulence in passage thru the condenser, and a fourth may be gradual diminution of nutrients in recux:ulation of the water mass. None of these can be surely identified at present.

Diatoms.

Forty-eight species 32 genera of diatoms are recorded in Table l.

and Pozms such as Rhizosolenia and Chactoceras ~

Nitzschia closterium are regarded as primarily.planctonic.

simply'are missing fnxn these waters during this study. Again there is no answer as to why the planctonic species are largely absent except those advanced for dinoflagellates above.

lhe reneiLning forty four kinds of diataas for the rxet part slide about on a solid substrate and sona can float. So, not being an-chored, they may be swept into suspension by the circulation current, and probably present an accurate picture of kinds and frequency of occun~ce. The study indicates that both Bay- and Canals are rich in their diatam flora, distxikuted as follows:

Bay Canals Species found 44 32 Species occurrence 572 352 Total diatan species or genera 47 First inspection indicates the Bay is richer in diatcms. However counts per liter indicate the tarn areas are close in total numbers, but the canals have large numbers of very small naviculaid diatans, daninate in the Bay. Navicula occurred in all but one sample in the Canals and in all but 7 in the Bay. But the numbers of naviculoid diatams were very large, cap~red to other species. t

-100-

i Evidently conditions are suitable for large diatcxn populations in both canals and the Bay. Since they are autotrophic, nutrients and silicon are probably in ample supply.

It is probable that a much larger n~ of diatam species could be included in Table 1, if all were identified. An inordinate amount of tiara would be required,. which is not believed n~ary because of similar physiology.

schiz opodea.

This group was practically lacking in the pladcton of both Bay and canals. In all studies of the area to date Rhizogocha have been imgortant only in sediment~ter interface material.

Zocanastigcphorea.

This group is almost lacking. Qn1y Phanerobia pelaphila has shown a tendency to recur in sampling over the last two years. It seems of ~

probable that the genera Mnas, Oiccxrnnas, 'Bodo and some other kinds zooflagellates occur in nunbers, but cannot be counted be-cause of debris, and because they preserve poorly.

Ciliophorea.

'Ihirty-one genera or species were recorded in the six nanths'amples..

Distribution was as follows:

Species in Bay 27 Canals 12 Number occurrences in 253 67 Three species: ~clidium sp., DEseeria (aculeaeaP) aud Emulates (bisulcatus?) were peculiar to the canals, but 19 were dound only in the Bay. These figures, and the occurrence record, indicate that the canals are not nearly as suitable for ciliates as in the Bay.

The ciUates are primarily feeders on bacteria. The canals may be either low in bacterial numbers, or perhaps variety of bacteria is

-101-

limited. Presumably this is the case, since the Canal organic matter is largely derived fran mangrove debris. Such an origin would tend to produce a paucity of species, and probably a lowered population.

The Bay, in contrast,. is only swept by tidal circulation, has a variety of sources of nutrients. It seems like1y that nutxients are the deternunants in the ciliate number and distribution.

It should be pointed out however, that all the Bay species are planc-tonic, and nost are tacan fron the high seas. Species of !~lpga lis are distinctly offshore forms, and while many of the other species are inshore forms, they are planctonic.

N3.ssing groups e phora and many scattered species known frcsL the high seas. No particc-lar importance is attached to these missing ones.

Discussion The species list for the Bay has fluctuated to sma extent during two years. Nurrbers of, individuals have dropped fram a per ml count, to a per liter count,. but this is in an area, where the human element has gradually declined because of a drop in construction. There have also been mx3ifications in drainage into the Bay and Sound. None the less, the Bay population remains abundant and varied and shows no sign of severe stress, or even federate stress. Its dcaninant forms are dino-flagellates, diatoms and cia.ates.

The canals do show signs of stxess. Most of the dinoflage11ates and ciliates are gone, and the variety of diatoms have declined, although to what extent is difficult to say because of lack of identification of naviculoid, or at least permute species.

However, in point of population density, the canals present a favor-able climate. Numbers, believed derived fram bottam species are high.

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0 Blue green algae, and smaller groups give little indication for levels. their'opulation The two areas support good biotas, but the canals show a gradually declining variety, and except for diatoms, a gradually declining density.

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0 0

Table 1.

Genera and species of algae and protozoa, and the number of occurrences in the Bay and C mals at Turkey Pointi Januaxy June, 1976.

Sulfur Bacteria Bay Beggiatoa alba 1 10 Beggiatoa arachnoidea 2 5 Beg giatoa,gigantea 1 Beggiatoa mixdma 1 Beggiatoa anrabilis Blue green Algae Anabaena mlnuta 2 Aphanocapsa spa 2 Chroococus gigantea 2 Chroococus plactonica 9 3 Chroococus turgidus 2 8 Gomphosphaeria aponina 35 Johannesbaptistia pellucida 28 3 Lyngbya aestuarii 1 Lyngbya sp. 2 6 bkxisrmpedia glaum 3 1

~ianopedia punctata. 7 3 Microcystis aeruginosa 3 Oscillatoria tenuis 1 Oscillatoria sp. 3 19 Schizothrix calcicola 1 ll Spirulina minor 2 1 Trichodesrnium sp. 5 1 Unid. 2 Volvocida C-~ria sp. 1 ChlGHp'domonas spa 1 Pryamidarnnas grossi 2 Euglenida Astasia sp.

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Euglenida (Continued) Bay Eutreptia sp. 3 Eutreptiella sp. 4 Unid. colorless euglenids 12 Crypbzmnadida Ch11CKKC1BS mar311cL 7 Rhodormnas sp. 12 21 Hillea sp. 1 Silicoflagellida Dictyocha fibula Distephanus speculum 2 Dinoflagellata Amphidinium operculata Amphidinium spp.

Ceratium fusus 14 Ceratium furca 39 Ceratium hirca 1 Dinephysis acuminata 1 Diaephysis tripos 1 Diplopsalis lenticularis 13 Exuviaella apora + 14 3 Hnxviaella marina 41 48 Gonyaulax diegensis 2 Gonyaulaz digitale 1 Gonyaulax polyedra 1 Gonyaulax triacantha 2 Gonyaulax spp. 3

'Gymnodinium foliaceum 3 Gpanodinium large 34 35 Gymnodinium small 74 62 Gymnodinium splendens 36 33 Gyra:'iinium lachrpna 2 Gyrodinium pingue 25 3 Hemidinium sp. 2

+ Possibly a new species other than.score.

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Dinoflagellata (Continued) Bay Peridiniopsis rotundata 13 Peridinium (divergens?) 13 Peridinium leonis 1 Peridinium rmnacanthus Peridinium obtusum 4 Peridinium pentagonum 8 Peridinium triangulatum 10 2 Peridinium trochoideum 36 43 Per~urn tuba 20 13 Peridinium spp. 56 18 Pxorocentrum gracile 5 Prorocentrum micans 49 4 Protoceratium reticulatum 19 1 Protodinium sp. 1 Pyrodinium bahamiense 25 Pynphacus horologicum 2 Unid. 58 38 Diatoms Bacillariophyceae Amghora ovalis 34 28 Amghiprora sp. 7 24 Auricula sp. 2 Caloneis sp. 2

'amgylosira sp. 5 Cerataulina bergonii 1 Chaetoceras sp. 6 Cocconeis sp. 35 ll Coscinodiscus spp. 10 1 Cyclotella spp. 24 55 Cymatopleura solea 29 35 Cymbella sp. 4 3 Diploneis sp. 8 1 Eunotia sp. 3 15 Granxnatophora spp. 2 Gyrosigma augusta 18 13

-106-

0 Diatoms Bacillariophyceae (Continued) Bay Gyrosigma elongata 2 Gyrceigma sp. ~

Gyrosigma sp. large Licrmphora abbreviata 12 3

4 14 2

2 Licxreph~ ~apanula ++ 27 14 Licmophora curvata ++ 1 10 Licmophora longa ++ 29 18 Mastogloia sp. 20 Mlosira rrnnilata 1 Navicula ostrea 1 Navicula spp. 71 71 Neidium sp. 1 Nitzschia aciculaxis 8 1 Nitzschia closterium 25 32 Nitzschia longa 15 11 Nitzschia paradcaca 1 1 Nitzschia seriata 1 1, Nitzschia sigmridea 9 1 Pleurosigma nicckmium 10 25 Rhopelodia arcuatum 4 Striatella unipunctata 10 StriateU.a sp. (Rhabdonema arcuatum'?), 9 Surirella robusta 14 25 SurireU.a spp.

Synedra actinastroides 3 Tabellaria fenestrata 7 Walassionema nitschoides 2 Thalass iosira sp 8 28 Thalassiothrix sp. 6 Tropidoneis lepidoptera 12 Trop3.don&I.s IA111or 3 9 Unid. spp. 30 32 Zoamastigophorea Bicoeca mediterranea

++ Tentative species name

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Zoomastigophoxea (Continued)

Phanexobia pelophila Spixochaeta sp.

Rhizopodea Amoeba arachnula spp. 1 Amoeba radiosa 1 Shelled testate rhizopod Nl Ciliophorea Askenasia volvox 2 Chi.lodonella sp. 1 Codonellopsis sp. 1 Cyclidium sp.

Cyclotrichium nenunxei Dysteria (aculeata?) 2 Euplotes (Bisulcatus? ) 1 Favella panaminsis 4 10

&R.tacylis angulata 28 1 Mtacylis juxgensis 18 l4 tacylis lucasensis 8 bh,tacylis pontica 2 Salpingella miutissima 1 Steenstrupiella xobusta 3 Stxobilidium spp. 20 15 Stxombidium stxobilus 18 Strombidium spp. 53 3 Tintixmrpsis bexoides 24 9 Tintinnopsis brandti 1 Tintinnopsis minuta 14 7 Tintinnopsis platensis 2 Tintinnopsis prowazeki 6 Tintinnopsis rotundata 5 Tintinnopsis tocantinnus 4 TintinncIpsis spp. 4 Tintianus angustatus 6 Tintinnus pingue 1

-108-

Ciliophorea (Continued) Bay Tintinnus procurrens 9 Tintinnus tubiformis 1 Trachelocerca sp.

Unlde sppe 17 109-

~Pur ose This report is to assess revegetation of grasses and benthic macrophyton in areas affected by the Turkey Point power plant discharge. Effects and recovery prior to June, 1976 are given in previous Semiannual Environmental Monitoring Reports.

Method 1 To measure the overall revegetation quantitatively, aerial photographs were taken from 2,000 feet. Using reference points in the photographs to determine the scale

.of the photo, sizes of areas were measured by tracing specific areas onto a grid and determining their relative areas. The tracing is included in this report.

Method 2 Qualitative and quantitative measurements of the algae were made by counting and identifying the vegetation in the six

.one-meter-square areas permanently located on the bottom.

Method 3 To identify and quantify the less abundant species not represented in the square meter areas, a survey was made by transects across the previously affected area. Species identifications, quantities present and general conditions were noted.

-110-

0 Method l: Aerial Surve growth is continuing to increase, The darkened areas shown I have previously discussed possible hypotheses to explain but not in surrounding unaffected area. The hypothesis that the sediment remains tenable. See the discussion section.

the mouth of the canal. This is new growth and will be commented on later.

GRAND CANAL DXSCHARGE AREA JUNE, 1976 AFZECTED AREA: 0 ACHES

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unmarked areas are

~d'ominated, Thalassia/Diplanthera dominatedl

Method 2: S uare Meter Surve s The following table is data from square meter areas permanently staked out on the bottom. The counts and identifications were made in situ. The sample points X-l, X-2, X-3, and'X-4 are located approximately 100, 200, 400, and-600 feet east of the mouth of the canal respectively.

Station X-2N is approximately 200 feet NNE of X-2. X-2S is approximately 200 feet SSE of X-2. Data reported as less than (<) or greater than (>) is based on extrapolation of counts of plants in 1/16 of a square meter. The counts on the grasses are counts of the fasicles (sheaths of leaves).

The counts of the ~Dict ota are of the. number of distinct but unattached clumps of the alga. These numbers are not volumetrically quantitative.

TABLE 1 GRAND CANAL DISCHARGE REVEGETATION X-.l X-2 X-3 X-4 X-2N X-2S GRASSES: Diplanthera wrightii 140 >1400 270.0 1500 92200 >1000 Thalassia testudinum 32 25 74 5'3 19 25 CHLOROPHYTA: Acetabularia crenulata 0 Avrainvillea nigricans 0 48 18 0 Batophora oerstedii -0 0 0 0 0 Caulerpa Mexicana **

I ,0 '0 Caulerpa prolifera ~

0 0 0 0 Halimeda species '0 10 22 Penicillus species 0 0 20 12 4 76 P HAEOP HYTA: Laurencia poitei ,0 0 0 0 12, 0 Sampling Date: July 1976

• Present Common'113-

Method 3: Transects Between X-1 and X-2 there is a solid growth of Thalassia typically 12" to 20" long. There:continues to be a solid The sediment coating seen previously on the blades is no longer present.

Between X-2 and X-3 the same general pattern was found.

The grasses were shorter, between 6" and 12". Occasional Halimeda and Penicillus species were noted. Acetabularia was common in the area. It was growing almost exclusively on dead Halimeda. ~..

Just west of X-3 there was a patch of Thalassia with densities of around 100 per square meter.

The area between X-3 and X-4 was similar to that between found in several areas.

t The rest of the area is similar with the following noteworthy observations.

This is probably due to the onshore wind and wave action causing it to accumulate there.

most abundant around and,shoreward of X-25,

-114-

Discussions and

Conclusions:

The entire area previously affected has revegetated.

The growth has proceeded from barren to macroalgae dominated influence of micronutrient depletion while the amount of Thalassia growth will increase and eventually become the dominant vegetation.

areas. The aerial photogrpahs have shown that in some of the mately spherical patches has continued to increase while the original centers have died. This configuration is similar in appearance to a doughnut.

the previously affected area but not in the unaffected area has been due to some as yet unidentified sediment character-istic.

There are four general observations that must be explained in order for any hypothesis can be tenable. These four are:

affected area but not in adjacent areas.

2) The demise of the center of a patch of ~srin o-dium with the continued vitality of the outer portions of the same patch.

-115-

exception of three isolated patches) within 300'f the mouth of the canal.

These four observations can be divided into two categories.

The first three are most probably related directly to the edaphic characters of the area and their relationship'o

-116-

III. H SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY MATERIALS AND METHODS Sediment samples were taken at eight stations (Figure D.2.1) located within the Turkey Point canal system and three in Biscayne Bay. These samples were collected with a gravity type core sampler (Hildco Supply Company) and placed in a one liter screw-capped poly-propylene container. Each container contained HgC12 (40 mg) as a preservative. Immediately after the samples were taken, they were iced at 4'C until the chemical analysis could be performed.

l, Samples were analyzed for solu'ble ammonia, N03, N02, SO, S03, and S, total phosphate, ortho-phosphate and insoluble sul-fate, S03, and S. Standard APHA analytical methods were used (Table E-1:). The results of these analyses were compiled monthly for each station (Tables E-2 through E-12).

-117-

TABLE'-1 METHODS AND ANALYSIS FOR WATER CHEMISTRY PARAMETERS PARAMETER METHOD REFERENCE kmonia-nitrogen Nessleri zation APHA, 1974, p. 412 Nitrate-nitrogen Brucime APHA, 1974, p. 427 Nitrite-nitrogen Colorimetric APHA, 1974, p. 434 Phosphate Yanadomolybdophophor i c-acid APHA, 1974, p. 476 Ortho-phosphate Stannous chloride APHA, 1974, p. 479 Sulfate Turbidimetric APHA 1 974 p~

496'PHA, Sulfite .Colorimetric 1974, p. 508 Sulfide Colorimetric APHA, 1974, p. 499

0 TABLE E-2 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS-AMMONIA (PARTS PER MILLION)

STATION NUMBER MONTH F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 CONTROLS JAN 59 ND. 24 18 N.D.. 2.4 6.1 0.3 N.D.

FEB 3.6 1.9 11.0 1.9 N.D. N.D. N.D. N.D. H.D.

MAR 4.6 5 5 3.1 3-7 4.9 4.9 1.9 N.D. 4.3 APR -

'.1 N.D. N.D. N.D. H.D. H.D. N.D. N.D. N.D.

MAY . 6.9 4.3 4.4 7.8 4.1 3.3 4.2 4.6 3.3 4.2 12.0 ~ 11.7 9.3 90.5 14.8 15.1 164.3 N.D.

N.D.: None detected

-119-

TABLE E-3 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS-NITRATE (PARTS PER MILLION)

A~G ~

STATION NUMBER MONTH CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0

~AN 165. 7 132 242 308 242 154 374 132 . 242 FEB '8.0 88.0 88.0 66.0 88.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 MAR 110 132.0 176.0 132.0 154.0 154.0 154.0 N.D. 132.0 APR .'5.7 132.0 44.0 44.0 110.0 66.0 66.0 88.0 110.0 11,1.9 132.0 64.0 118.9 115.6 67.5 128.6 125.7 101.8 JUN 104.9 19.9 21.5 19.2 45.9 16. 7 'l5.4 56.9 98.1

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I I

TABLE E-4 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS-NITRITE (PARTS PER MILLION)

A~G STATION NUMBER MONTH CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 f3-2 RC-2 RC-0 0.7 1;0 1.8 0.7 10 08 .10 10 FEB 1.1 1.0 10 08 10 08 08 12 08 MAR O.g 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 1.2 N.D. 0.5 APR " 1.3 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 MAY 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.8 1.0 0.6. 1.0

\

JUN N.D. 0.004 0.04 0.03 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.004 N.D.: None detected

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e 0

TABLE E-5 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS SULFATE (S04) .

(PARTS PER MILLION)

AVG OF STATION NUMBER CANAL MON11J CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF>>2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 AVG.

A 2328. 3 2165 1860 2300 2545 2280 2040 2235 2140 2195.6 FEB 2543.3 2820 2595 2255 2545 3165 3425 3335 2300 2805.0 MAR ,2415 2507. 2120 2450 2595 2623 2495 N.D. 2425 2459.3 APR " 1672 1766 2060 2293 2000 1880 2000 2112 1225 1917.0 MAY ~ 2505.7 1965 2425 2338 2436 2374 2388 2678 2415 2377.4 N.O.: None detected

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TABLE E-6 SOLUBLE ANALYSIS-SULFITE (S03)

(PARTS PER MILLION)

AVG OF 3 STATION NUMBER CONTROLS =

F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 . E3-2 RC-2 RC-0

41. 7 50 50 50 25 50 50 50 50 FEB: 41. 7 .25 25 50 25 50 50 50 50 MAR 216.7 150 '25 200 175 200 300 '; D. 200 APR .'3.7 50.0 25.0 50.0 60.0 50.0 50.0 65.0 50.0 MAY  : 61.2 75.0 36.4 45.02 56-3 38.3 48.7 47.4 38.6 JUN 13.5 49.0 47.0 49-0 48.0 47.0 96.0 48.0 4.0 N.D.: None detected

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0' TABLE E-.7

'OLUBLE ANALYSIS-SULFIDE (S ) .

(PARTS PER MILLION)

AyG OF 3 STATION NUMBER CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 0.83 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.85 1.0 0.65 0.85 1.0 1.07 0.90 0.60 0.75 1.55 0.90 0.90 0.75 0.90 MAR 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.8 N.D. 1.8 APR '.97 0. 75 0. 50 '.63 1.0 1.0 0.63 1.0 0. 75 MAY: 1. 2 1.25 1.13 1.40 0.75 0.96 0.97 0.71'.58 .

JUN 0. 087 1.22 1.04 1.08 0.97 1.03 1.35 1.06 0.025 N.D.: None detected

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0 TABLE E-8 TOTAL SOLUBLE PHOSPHATE - PHOSPHORUS OF TURKEY POINT AND CONTROL SEDIMENTS (IN PPM) 1976 XOF3 ~

STATION NUMBERS MONTH CONTROLS F-1 M'l8-2 M6-2 MF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 25.:0 23 0 23 Q 14 0 '14.0 10 0 14 0 14 0 14.0 FEB 18.1 7.2 14.3 7.2 7.2 21.4 7.2 10.0 10.0 25.7 '2.8 32.8 32.8 34.3 35.7 27.2 32.8 N.D.

APR 80.0 30.0 53.0 57.0 40.0 26.0 36.0 23.0 23.0 29.7 57.1 51.9 20.7 42.8 23.0 29.2 37.9 23.2 JUN 1.5 9.8 9.5 9.8 9.7 9.3 9.6 17.8 0.5 N.D.: None detected

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0 TABLE E-9 ORTHO-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT .IN PPM

'OLUBLE OF TURKEY POINT AND CONTROL SEDIMENTS

1976 XOF3 STATION NUMBERS MONTH. CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 JAN 11.0 7.0 10"0 '.0 7-0 7-0 7.0 7.0 9.0 FEB 6;2 7.2 10.0 '.2 4.3 7.2 7.2 7.2 10.0 MAR 8.1 ~ 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 2-9 7.2 N.D. 2;9 APR N;D. 5. 7 7.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 N.D. N.D.

MAY 17. 9 57. 1 51. 9 13.1 26.7 17. 6 24. 4 9.5 14.3 JUN 0. 4 6.8 N.'D. N.D. 9.7 6. 5 6.7 13.9 0.3 N;.D.: None detected

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TABLE E-10 INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS - SULFATE (S04)

(PARTS PER MILLION)

AVG 'OF 3 STATION NUMBER MON~ CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 180. 204 396 196 223 203 264 87 100 FEB 368.3 806 235 343 136 201 219 233 H.D.

MAR 283 286 481 500 259 N.D. N.D. H.D.

APR;922. 3 1,856 351.0 197.0 391 708 N.D. 375 N.D.

MAY:621 5 493.1 239.0 420 4 127.3 290.8 513 2 415.3 117-5

~

J UH H.D. N.D. 402, N.D. 192 351 176 209 N.D.

N.D.: None detected 1 27

.0

'ABLE E-ll '

INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS - SULFITE (S03) ~

(PARTS PER MILLION)

~ s STATION NUMBER MONTH F-1 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 CONTROLS W18-2

25. 7 14 383 113 551 884 . 914 379 32 FEB 69.2. 711 414 614 127 214 29.2 835 N.D.

111. 7 561 999 417 568 N.D. N.D. N.D.

APR 287. 3 758 530 46. 0 910 625 325 1,374 N.D.

52.7 1376.1 1156.5 98.9 414.4 1313.3 745.0 775.2 382.5 BUN N.D. 333 492 374 399 980 398 640 N.D.

N. D.: None detected

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TABLE E-12 I INSOLUBLE ANALYSIS - SULFIDE (S )

(PARTS PER MILLIONY

~ ~

AVG F 3 STATION NUMBER CONTROLS F-1 W18-2 W6-2 WF-2 RF-3 E3-2 RC-2 RC-0 JAN 2.1 ..72 67 9.1 . 218 172 436 98 3. 8 FEB 0.83 282~ 85 190 53.1 77.4 23.1 230.0 N.D.,

N;D. N.D.

MAR 1. 73 219 607 215 239 N.D. N.D.

APR 8 50 106 2. 4 338 231 116 593 N.D.

MAy  ; 3.25 424'87.4 9.45 118.41 562.85 69.39 184.94 93.99 N.D. 26.0 26.0 46.0 5.0 77.0 5.0 33.0 N.D.

N.D.: None detected

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IV. RECORDS OF CHANGES IN SURVEY PROCEDURES No changes in survey procedures were made this period.

The following administrative Environmental Procedures were revised:

Company Environmental Review Group Charter A-1 , Document Control A-2, Changes to Environmental Technical Specifications A-3, Changes or modifications to plant systems or equip-ment which have an environmental impact A-4, Telemetry Equipment Periodic Checks A-5, Preparation and Revision of Procedures A-6, Deviation from and Temporary Changes to Approved Procedures A-S, Chemical Additions to Water Pumped Through the Licensed Facilities A-9, Environmental Tech Specs Non-Radiological Limits Exceeded and Investigation and Reporting of the Event.

A-ll, Responsibilities for Maintenance and Monitoring Requirements of the Cooling Canal System A-12, Implementation of Environmental Technical Specifications A-13, Environmental Technical Specifications Reporting Requirements A-14, Data Review and Retention of Documents and Records

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0 V. SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES RELATED TO THE LICENSED FACILITIES NOT REQUIRED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Section IIZ.E of this report analyzes data collected which were not required by the Environmental Technical Specifications.

VI. RECORDS OF ANY VIOLATIONS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

1. FPL Quality Assurance Department Audit No. QAA-ENV-76-1 had two unsatisfactory conditions concerning the implementation of the Environmental Tech Specs.

a) Quality Assurance Indoctrination and Training Finding: "The Environmental Department does not have a formal, documented Quality -Assurance training program" Acti.on: A procedure was written and implemen-ted to develop a Quality Assurance training program.

b) Quarterly Status, Report for Controlled Document Finding: "Contrary to Environmental Procedure A-l, status reports have not been issued every three months as required" Action: Environmental Procedure A-1 was revised requiring that a new status report be issued only when procedures are added, revised, or deleted.

2. IE Inspection Report Nos. 50-250/76-8 and 50-251/76-8 Deficiency: Contrary to Appendix B, Tech Spec 5.1.g.,

documentation that the required review of noncompliance identified in June 1975 with the ETS was not accomplished in accordance with the.,Company Environmental Review Group's Charter.

Action: The CERG Charter was revised to insure timely review of noncompliance items.,

3. IE Inspection Report Nos. 50-250/76-9 and 50-251/76-8 Deficiency: Contrary to Tech Spec 5.1, Appendix B-Environmental, i.ndependent auditors failed during their 1975 audit to identi-fy and followup items of noncompliance

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cited by NRC in IE Reports 50-250/75-9 and 50-251/75-9:

Action: Procedures will be written to insure identification and followup of noncom-pliance items.

VII RECORDS OF UNUSUAL EVENTS g CHANGES TO THE PLANT ~ CHANGES TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS, AND CHANGES TO PERMITS OR CERTIFICATES None VIII. STUDIES REQUIRED BY THE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICA-TIONS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT None

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