ML15364A432

Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 14 of 18

ML15364A432
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Site:	Turkey Point
Issue date:	08/31/2014
From:	Ecology & Environment
To:	Office of New Reactors
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ML15364A396	List: L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 1 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 10 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 11 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 12 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 13 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 14 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 15 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 16 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 17 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 18 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 2 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 3 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 4 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 5 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 6 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 7 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 8 of 18 L-2015-299, Turkey Point, Units 3 and 4 - Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Uprate Project. Part 9 of 18 L-2015-299, Unit 3 and 4 Uprate Monitoring ML15364A418 ML15364A419 ML15364A420 ML15364A421 ML15364A422 ML15364A423 ML15364A424 ML15364A425 ML15364A426 ML15364A427 ML15364A429 ML15364A430 ML15364A431 ML15364A432 ML15364A433 ML15364A434 ML15364A435 ML15364A437
References
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Text

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FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-1

4. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING The purpose of ecological monitoring was to identify existing baseline conditions and evaluate potential impacts, if any, as a result of the Uprate. Ecological monitoring was conducted to

1) establish the Pre-Uprate status of ecological conditions and biotic components, 2) determine the extent to which, if any, CCS operations may impact conditions and components, and

3) establish Post-Uprate conditions to determine the extent to which Uprate implementation may result in impacts and changes to these conditions and components. Biotic components of primary interest were marsh vegetation in adjacent wetlands and mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Biscayne Bay.

This section includes data from the Post-Uprate sampling period, which includes four terrestrial ecological monitoring events (August 2013, November 2013, February 2014, and May 2014; Table 4.1-1), and two sampling events in Biscayne Bay (September 2013 and April 2014). An overview of Post-Uprate ecological conditions is provided, and Pre-Uprate conditions are presented as either an average or a minimum and maximum value range for all calculated values for comparison with the Post-Uprate data.

4.1 Marsh, Mangroves, and Tree Islands Plot establishment and monitoring setup is provided in detail in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). Per the Monitoring Plan (SFWMD 2009a), 12 transects were established to capture ecological characteristics and changes over time across the landscape surrounding the Turkey Point Power Plant (Figure 1.1-4). A total of 16 marsh, 4 tree island, and 12 mangrove 20-meter-by-20-meter (20x20) plots were established along six marsh and six mangrove transects. Nested within each 20x20 plot are four 1-meter-by-1-meter (1x1) subplots and four 5-meter-by-5-meter (5x5) subplots. The 5x5 subplots were set up to capture changes in the woody species, and the 1x1 subplots were designed to measure changes within the herbaceous community. Of the 32 20x20 plots, six were established within reference transects (four in the marsh and two within the mangroves). For the Post-Uprate, a reduction in ecological monitoring was implemented (Table 1.1-1). As part of the reduction, the mangrove site measurements were limited to once a year. Marsh vegetation measurements were still conducted on a quarterly basis while tree islands were sampled semi-annually. Ionic analyses were limited to chloride and sodium, and stable isotopic analyses were eliminated from all sites; nutrients and tritium still continue to be sampled at all sites.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-2 4.1.1 Methods and Materials 4.1.1.1 Vegetation Sampling For herbaceous subplots, all individuals of the dominant and co-dominant herbaceous emergent plants were counted. Plots to the west of the CCS and the reference plots primarily consisted of sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense); in some plots during certain events, sawgrass was co-dominant with spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa) (Table 4.1-2). In plots to the south, saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) was the dominant herbaceous vegetation in the 1x1 subplots within the mangrove plots.

In the 1x1 plots, either 30% of the plants or 15 individuals (whichever value was greater) of the dominant species were tagged. Tagged plants were measured for the parameters needed to calculate biomass estimates. Parameters required for the biomass equations varied with species, but measurements included length, width, diameter at base, diameter at tip, and number of live leaves. Biomass estimates were subsequently used to calculate plot productivity and turnover in grams per square meter (g/m2).

For the woody species, three trees were tagged in each 5x5 subplot and up to six branches per tree were tagged. Only dominant species were individually measured. Tree species selection was based on the dominance of each species, and individuals of a species were chosen based on which general tree sizes represented the highest percentages of biomass in the subplot. For example, if 60% of the coverage of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in a subplot was made up of small trees and 40% of the subplot was made up of large trees, two small trees and one large tree were tagged. Canopy width and length (and depth for white mangrove [Laguncularia racemosa] only), height, main stem diameter, and number of branches were recorded for each tagged tree to obtain tree biomass based on published allometric equations (Coronado-Molina et al. 2004).

Additional information about biomass and productivity calculations for dominant woody and herbaceous species is provided in both the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012) and Appendix J.

4.1.1.2 Porewater Sampling Field specific conductance and temperature were recorded at 0, 30, and 60 centimeter (cm) depths, and additional samples were collected at 30 cm for nutrient analyses per the Monitoring Plan (SFWMD 2009a) and were modified per the Post-Uprate reductions (SFWMD 2013b and c; Table 1.1-1). Samples were collected from the northeast 1x1 and 5x5 subplots at all sites. The method to collect porewater is detailed in Appendix A of the QAPP (FPL 2013b) and the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). Less porewater is required for each sample in the Post-Uprate due to the reduction in number of analytes.

At each subplot, a peristaltic pump was connected to a PushPoint Sampler (PushPoint Sampler PPX36, M.H.E. Products, East Tawas, Michigan) using polyethylene and silicon tubing. Low volume samples (approximately 50 milliliters [mL]) were collected at 0 and 60 cm within both the 1x1 and 5x5 subplots for specific conductance and temperature readings. These readings

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-3 were collected using a conductance/temperature sensor connected to a hand-held console (AT100 probe and Rugged Reader console, In-Situ Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado). New tubing and a PushPoint Sampler cleaned using FDEP FC1000 was used to collect samples at 30 cm. Once the PushPoint Sampler was inserted to 30-cm depth, water was pumped for several seconds prior to collection to clear excess sediment from the tubing, and a small volume was collected for conductance and temperature readings. For the nutrient analysis, a 200- to 450-mL porewater sample was collected in a pre-cleaned, 1-liter sample bottle from both the 1x1 and the 5x5 subplots at a 30-cm depth interval, for a total composite sample volume of 400 to 900 mL.

When sampling nutrients, a pH reading was made using a pH meter (Extech© PH220, FLIR Systems, Waltham, Massachusetts) and was recorded on the field datasheets. The pH value is used to calculate ammonia and is therefore only recorded during nutrient sampling events. The composite sample was distributed into the sample bottles using the same tubing and pump used for sample collection at 30 cm. Once the sample was distributed, the water level was marked on each sample bottle to help the lab determine if water was lost or gained (from melted ice) during transport. The sample bottles were then placed in sealed plastic bags and were stored per their preservation requirements for laboratory analysis.

4.1.1.3 Statistical Analysis Differences among sites were examined statistically using NCSS 9.0 (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah). Data were examined to determine if there were differences between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate data using repeated measures analyses-of-variance (ANOVAs).

4.1.2 Results and Discussion 4.1.2.1 Community Description The key vegetation communities in each of the general habitats are shown in Table 4.1-2 and a complete list of species is provided in Appendix L. Transects F2, F3, F4, and F6 were freshwater marsh transects dominated by sawgrass, although scrub woody species were periodically encountered. Although the F1 transect was designated as freshwater habitat, mangroves were present in both plots along this transect. F5 was primarily a mangrove plot, dominated by needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), saltgrass, red mangrove, and white mangrove. Dense periphyton mats were observed among the vegetation in the F2, F3, F4, and F6 plots, but were not present in either F1 or F5 because of the higher salinity environments found along these two transects due to impoundment. All trees in the M transects were scrub mangroves, dominated mostly by the red mangrove (Table 4.1-2).

The Shannon-Wiener Index (SWI) of Diversity and species evenness were calculated from the plant communities in the 1x1 and 5x5 subplots located in the northeast corner of each plot.

Eleven total species of woody and herbaceous plants were documented in the northeast corners of the marsh subplots during the November 2013 sampling event. In the freshwater marsh-mangrove F plots (F1 and F5), red mangrove and sawgrass were the two species present. In the mangrove plots, red mangrove was the most prevalent species (Table 4.1-3). Diversity ranged

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-4 from one to four species within a plot and from one to six species when comparing transects (Table 4.1-3).

The SWI is a measure of the probability that a randomly sampled individual will be of a particular species. For instance, an SWI value of 0 indicates that only one species is present with no uncertainty as to what species a randomly sampled individual will be. Values can range from 0 to 4.5 but, in the transects measured, SWI was low and all transects had SWI values less than 1.5 (Table 4.1-4). In the marsh plots, diversity was lowest in the F4 plots and the reference transect F6 plots (SWI = 0), as all plots along the transect were dominated by a single species, sawgrass. Overall, the relatively low SWI values indicate low species diversity and low abundance of non-dominant species (i.e., most plots are dominated by sawgrass, with spikerush sparsely present). Diversity was highest in the marsh at transect F3 (SWI = 0.742), as this transect had four species recorded across all plots. Diversity was also low in the mangrove plots, which were dominated by red mangrove with white and black mangrove sparsely present. M5-1 was the most diverse mangrove plot with four species (Table 4.1-3). The community with the highest diversity was the marsh-mangrove mix which had three (F1) and six (F5) species along those transects. F5 was the most diverse transect, as it was composed of a mix of woody and non-woody species within the different plots. Although the SWI values have fluctuated each year, the overall trends have remained consistent throughout the entire monitoring period (Table 4.1-4).

Species evenness is a measure of how evenly distributed (numerically) each species is at a site.

A species evenness of 1 means an equal number of individuals of each species is present. The low evenness values of the mangrove plots indicate one highly dominant species (red mangrove) with other species sparsely intermixed. Higher evenness values for some of the marsh plots show that at plots such as F1-1, F3-1, and F3-3, most species present are well-represented (Table 4.1-4). Species evenness cannot be calculated when only one species is present in a plot, which is the case for both the F6 and M6 reference transects. The mangrove plots had the lowest species evenness, while the marsh sites had the highest (Table 4.1-4). These trends have remained consistent throughout the entire monitoring period.

4.1.2.2 Freshwater Marsh Sampling Sawgrass was the primary herbaceous species measured in the marsh plots; therefore, to focus on landscape trends, discussion of the herbaceous vegetation is limited to sawgrass. Sawgrass cover was consistently 25%, and average vegetation height for each sampling event never exceeded 1.0 meter (m) (Tables 4.1-5 and 4.1-6, respectively). These vegetation patterns are consistent with the sparse sawgrass community commonly observed in Florida (Olmsted and Armentano 1997).

Sawgrass percent cover values have remained consistent during the entire monitoring period.

The percent cover values are reported as percentage categories per the QAPP (FPL 2013b; Table 4.1-5). During the Post-Uprate period, values remained the same with the exception of small variations at F3-3, F6-1, and F6-3 (Table 4.1-5). Changes in percentage categories observed

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-5 between the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate events are present, but are due to incremental and/or seasonal changes in percent cover and not due to rapid decline/growth.

Sawgrass height varied significantly by site, with F4-1 and F1-2 being the tallest plots and F3-1 being the shortest (Table 4.1-6). Most sites have been consistently trending downward with the exception of F4-1, F1-2, F6-2, and F6-3, which show a more irregular pattern that is possibly linked to wet/dry seasonal variations. The reason for the downward trend is unclear as other parameters that are related to height (porewater nutrients, live biomass, and total biomass) do not reflect the same trend. Notably, although the field crews take as much care and precaution as possible not to damage the vegetation, anthropogenic factors related to repeated sampling of the same plants over time could cause the decrease. However, despite this trend of decreasing height across the landscape, there have been no differences in the rank order of vegetation heights between the Pre and the Post-Uprate. Plants in F3, F2, and F6 (reference transect) have always had shorter sawgrass relative to F1 and F4 for the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate periods. These differences may be explained by inherent hydrologic and biogeochemical interactions within each plot and are not related to the Uprate or CCS operations.

Both live and total sawgrass biomass were calculated using the four equations presented in Table 4.1-7. These equations were derived from semi-annual plant harvests conducted in accordance with this project. Both live and total biomass follow the same general patterns across the landscape, with F4-1 and F1-2 having the highest values and F3-1 the lowest (Tables 4.1-8 and 4.1-9). This overall trend has remained consistent during the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate monitoring. A statistical test was performed to determine whether Pre-Uprate live sawgrass biomass is significantly different from Post-Uprate live sawgrass biomass. The analysis showed there is no significant difference in sawgrass live biomass between the two time periods (F1,125=0.22; P>0.05). The Model Lands Marsh adjacent to the Turkey Point plant has similar hydrology and community composition as the C-111 Basin and Taylor Slough (Childers et al.

2006). Although the Model Lands is smaller in size than either the C-111 or Taylor Slough, these landscapes are similarly characterized by sawgrass marshes; tree islands; and hydrology driven by rain, canal overflow, and surface water runoff (Childers et al. 2006). Historic live biomass data at study sites in the C-111 Basin and Taylor Slough (located west of the study area) generally range from 100 to 300 grams per square meter (g/m2) annually (Childers et al. 2006).

Live biomass during the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate periods was less than 100 g/m2 at 10 of the 14 sawgrass plots, including all three plots along reference transect F6 (Table 4.1-9). None of the sawgrass plots exceeded 300 g/m2 (Table 4.1-9).

Since ecological sampling initially began in November 2010, sawgrass Annual Net Primary Productivity (ANPP) is calculated from November of each year. ANPP could not be calculated for the Post-Uprate because the time period does not include a November-to-November timeframe. Instead, productivity was calculated for the six months from November 2013 to May 2014. Data from the same six-month period between November and May during Pre-Uprate monitoring are included in Table 4.1-10 for comparison. Annual mean productivity from the C-111 Basin typically ranges from about 200 to 500 g/m2, while mean productivity at Taylor Slough within Everglades National Park was typically less than 300 g/m2 (Childers et al. 2006).

The values from this study are consistent with the values observed at Taylor Slough.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-6 Sclerophylly is a measure of leaf hardness or toughness that reflects climate and nutrient conditions. Low sclerophylly values represent more ideal growing conditions compared to high sclerophylly values. Sclerophylly of sawgrass was higher in May 2014 than in November 2013 for all F1, F2, and F4 plots, and lower in May relative to November for all F3 and F6 plots (Table 4.1-11). Sawgrass sclerophylly was significantly higher during the Post-Uprate monitoring period compared to the Pre-Uprate (F1,69=112.1; P<0.0001). The 12 months during the Post-Uprate monitoring have been about 40% drier relative to the previous year, i.e., 40.15 inches from June 2013 to May 2014 relative to 70.38 inches from June 2012 to May 2013 at the S-20 rainfall station (Figure 2.4-4). The increase in sclerophylly is most likely due to the drier meteorological conditions that were present during the Post-Uprate time period.

The leaf nutrient trends in November 2013 and May 2014 are consistent with data from the Pre-Uprate period. A summary of sawgrass leaf nutrients and stable isotopes is presented in Tables 4.1-12 through 4.1-18. C3 photosynthetic plants (e.g., sawgrass) can have carbon isotope values between -34 parts per mille () and -22 (Smith and Epstein 1971), where -22 is representative of plants from desert conditions and -34 is indicative of tropical rainforest vegetation (Kohn 2010). Chang et al. (2009) found that carbon isotopes from sawgrass in the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge (LNWR) ranged from -30.1 to -24.5. The average range of carbon isotopes from sawgrass collected during November 2013 ranged from -27.3 to

-26.1 and from -27.8 to -26.3 in May 2014, within range of the plant community in the LNWR and the Pre-Uprate data (Table 4.1-15). The 15N found in sawgrass from the LNWR ranged from -5.3 to 7.7 while sawgrass adjacent to Turkey Point had an average range of -3.9 to -

0.83 in November 2013 and -5.8 to -0.8 in May 2014 (Table 4.1-16). The molar ratio of C:N never fell below 47:1 which is representative of mature plants with high lignin content (Table 4.1-17). Terrestrial environments are considered nitrogen-limited when the N:P ratio is below 14 and phosphorous-limited when the N:P ratio is above 16. All N:P ratios were well above 16, indicating a P-limited system (Table 4.1-18).

Porewater specific conductance and temperature collected from 30 cm depth within the sediment are presented in Tables 4.1-19 and 4.1-20. Statistical comparisons were performed to determine whether or not porewater specific conductance and temperature at a 30-cm depth changed significantly between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring. Because F5-1 and F5-2 are not representative of a freshwater marsh (their water chemistry and vegetation communities are more consistent with a brackish marsh) they were omitted from this analysis. Additionally, the tree island plots were not included in this analysis because they are not considered marsh habitat.

The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate porewater specific conductance was significantly higher than the Post-Uprate values (F1,116=15.43; P=0.002) while there was no significant difference in Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate porewater temperature (F1,116=0.37; P=0.660). The difference in specific conductance is likely driven by the high values observed during a drought in the Pre-Uprate monitoring period. CCS water is characterized by high specific conductance and temperature. The absence of higher specific conductance and temperature in the Post-Uprate porewater data suggests that the surrounding marsh is not influenced by the Uprate or CCS operations.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-7 Post-Uprate monitoring consists of sampling quarterly for sodium, chloride, and tritium; and bi-annually for nutrients (May and November). Porewater analytical data for August 2013 to May 2014 are presented in Tables 4.1-21 through 4.1-24. In some quarters, data are not available for sites (e.g., F2-4, F-3-4, F4-2) which were often too dry at 30 cm and did not yield enough porewater for analysis.

In the Post-Uprate, marsh transects west of the CCS (F2, F3, F4) generally had higher sodium and chloride values with distance from the L-31 Canal (Figures 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). The reference transect, F6, showed a similar trend across the landscape as well, with the farthest site from any canal, F6-3, having the highest values. The impounded north transect (plots F1-1 and F1-2) had lower sodium and chloride levels than the impounded plots to the south (F5-1 and F5-2).

Although considered marsh sites, the southern impounded plots were similar to the mangrove sodium and chloride values than the other marsh plots.

A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate differences in porewater analytes. For all marsh analyses, the four impounded plots (F1-1, F1-2, F5-1, and F5-2) and the four tree island plots (F2-4, F3-4, F4-4, and F6-4) were omitted because the vegetative communities and the water chemistry found at these sites are different from marsh habitat. Sodium and chloride values were generally lowest during the wet season and highest in the dry season. The lowest annual values were observed during the wet season, i.e., either in August or November. There was no significant difference between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate values for either sodium (F1,114=2.19; P=0.1667) or chloride (F1,114=4.56; P=0.0561) in the marsh.

Porewater nutrients (TKN, ammonia, and TP) were also analyzed to evaluate Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate differences. There was no difference in Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate TKN (F1,56=4.63; P=0.054) or TP (F1,56=2.76; P=0.1246) in the marsh sites, but Pre-Uprate ammonia was significantly higher than Post-Uprate ammonia (F1,44=118.67; P<0.001). In the Post-Uprate period, the average TN ranged from 1.68 mg/L at F1-1 to 4.67 mg/L at F3-2. The TN data from each plot show seasonal variability with higher concentrations occurring generally in or at the end of the wet season (i.e., November) sampling (Figure 4.1-3). The differences in the types of nitrogen and phosphorus available may be, in part, a consequence of regional meteorological conditions.

The porewater nutrient concentrations in the tree island plots are typically higher than the surrounding marsh. Ion concentrations vary seasonally with higher values observed in the dry season months (February and May) than the wet season (August and November).

The structure and composition of the sawgrass marsh communities within the study area have remained stable throughout the entire monitoring effort. Many of the fluctuations observed are due to seasonal and meteorological conditions. Overall, the vegetation characteristics summarized above (i.e., live biomass, productivity, leaf nutrient concentration), porewater chemistry, and community composition are representative of the hydrologically modified marshes found throughout southern Florida.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-8 4.1.2.3 Mangrove Sampling Post-Uprate vegetation sampling at the M sites occurred during the November 2013 event while porewater sampling occurred in November 2013 and May 2014. Values from the same timeframes during the Pre-Uprate monitoring period are provided for comparison along with the Pre-Uprate value ranges. Red mangrove is the primary woody species measured in the mangrove plots; therefore, to focus on landscape trends, discussion of the woody vegetation is limited to red mangrove.

Percent cover has remained consistent during the Post-Uprate period for all sites (Table 4.1-25).

The cover also has not changed between the Pre-and the Post-Uprate time periods with the exception of M3-1. The change in percentage categories observed between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate events at M3-1 is difficult to interpret due to the wide range of values included in each percentage category. Because of this, it is worth noting that the changes in percent cover classes that have occurred during the monitoring period are due to incremental and/or seasonal changes in percent cover and not due to rapid decline/growth.

Lugo and Snedaker (1974) classified a scrub mangrove forest as having trees that are less than 1.5 m (150 cm) tall. All of the trees measured within the study area are consistent with this classification. At the F sites, red mangrove height remained consistent throughout the Post-Uprate sampling period (within 9 cm), indicating that very little vertical growth/die-off has occurred during the Post-Uprate events (Table 4.1-26). A statistical test was performed to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove height at the M sites. The Post-Uprate height dataset consists of one event at the M sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that the trees are significantly taller Post-Uprate, suggesting that the dwarf mangrove populations within the study area are slowly growing and that no considerable die-off has occurred (F1,45=11.95; P<0.0001). Slow growth is expected in dwarf mangrove ecosystems due to the difficult growing conditions naturally found in these areas (McKee et al. 2002).

Red mangrove biomass was calculated using the allometric equation presented in Coronado-Molina et al. (2004). Seasonal fluctuations in red mangrove biomass are present, and while Post-Uprate biomass values for plots M2-1, M3-2, M4-2, and M5-2 are below the Pre-Uprate ranges for these sites, there are no consistent increasing or decreasing trends over time (Table 4.1-27).

A statistical test was conducted to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove biomass at the M sites. The Post-Uprate biomass dataset consists of one event at the M sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate biomass during the October 2010 and November 2011 events was higher than Post-Uprate biomass during the November 2013 event (F1,47=11.62; P=0.006). The difference is likely a result of the drier meteorological conditions during the November 2013 time period.

Sclerophylly measurements were performed during the November 2013 sampling event (Table 4.1-28). A statistical test was performed to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-9 sclerophylly at the M sites. The Post-Uprate sclerophylly dataset consists of one event at the M-sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The Post-Uprate red mangrove sclerophylly values from the November 2013 event were significantly higher than the Pre-Uprate data, indicative of the mangrove leaves being thicker and more succulent (F1,45=11.95; P=0.005). This is most likely a result of the drier meteorological conditions during this time period.

Mangrove leaf nutrients, stable isotopes, and molar ratios for the November 2013 Post-Uprate event are presented in Tables 4.1-29 through 4.1-35. Carbon isotope data were within the normal range that C3 plants are known to have (-34 to -22), reaching as high as -24.8 and as low as -28.0. Carbon isotope total average over all Post-Uprate seasons was -25.8, which is representative of data from scrub red mangroves in Belize (-25.3 from Smallwood et al. 2003 and -26.4 from McKee et al. 2002). The N:P molar ratios of the leaves were well above 16, indicating that all mangrove sites are P-limited. Red mangrove 15N ranged from -9.95 to 3.2 and averaged -3.5. McKee et al. (2002) found average 15N values of -5.38 in similar scrub mangrove habitats. Low nitrogen isotope values are a consequence of the slow growth patterns and the resulting low nitrogen demand associated with scrub mangrove forests (McKee et al. 2002). The Post-Uprate leaf nutrient and isotope values are consistent with the Pre-Uprate data, and are within the ideal ranges established in the literature for similar dwarf mangrove plant communities (Smallwood et al. 2003; McKee et al. 2002).

A statistical test was performed to determine whether or not porewater specific conductance and temperature at a 30-cm depth changed significantly between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring.

The Post-Uprate porewater dataset consists of two events at the M sites (November 2013 and May 2014), so the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and May and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate porewater specific conductance was significantly higher than the Post-Uprate time period (F1,93=13.06, P=0.004), while porewater temperature was significantly higher in the Post-Uprate (F1,57=5.08, P=0.050). CCS water is characterized by both high specific conductance and temperature. The absence of higher specific conductance values coincident with higher temperatures in the Post-Uprate porewater data suggest that the higher porewater temperature is likely due to insular effects and not the Uprate or CCS operations. The higher specific conductance values in the Pre-Uprate period appear to be influenced by the 2011 drought.

Sodium and chloride values were higher in May 2014 relative to November 2013, most likely the consequence of seasonal meteorological conditions. Values in most of the transects were similar with the exception of M4 which is located in a basin and generally has standing water with limited tidal exchange. Overall Post-Uprate sodium and chloride values were lower than the Pre-Uprate values (F1,86=17.74; P=0.001 and F1,86=10.64; P=0.008); the highest values were observed in May and August 2011 after a dry spring earlier that year.

There was an increase in TN and TP from November 2013 to May 2014 during the Post-Uprate.

This slight increase, similar to the observations for sodium and chloride, may have been due to

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-10 the drier conditions in the mangroves. A comparison of the Post-Uprate (November 2013) and the Pre-Uprate (May and November 2011) events showed that the Post-Uprate ammonia and TP levels were lower than the Pre-Uprate (F1,46=119.23; P=0.000 and F1,56=61.80; P<0.0001), while Post-Uprate TKN was not significantly different from Pre-Uprate values (F1,56=1.87; P=0.200).

This is similar to the observations in the marsh over the same time period and is most likely a meteorologically driven phenomenon.

The structure and composition of the scrub mangrove communities within the study area have remained stable throughout the entire monitoring effort. The system is driven by concurrent stressors, including nutrient deficiency, high salinities, and saturated soil. The vegetation characteristics of the study area are consistent with scrub mangrove forests found along the coastal fringe of south Florida and the Florida Keys (Lugo and Snedaker 1974).

4.2 Biscayne Bay Pre-Uprate ecological monitoring in Biscayne Bay was conducted bi-annually between September 2010 and September 2011 (two fall events and one spring event) and Post-Uprate monitoring was conducted in September 2013 and May 2014 (single fall and spring events). The sampling setup was based on the approved Monitoring Plan (FPL 2010) and followed the QAPP (FPL 2011a, 2013b); three study areas (BB1 to BB3) within Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, as well as a reference site in Barnes Sound (BB4) were selected for ecological sampling (Figure 1.3-1).

In the Pre-Uprate, monitoring was conducted along five shore-parallel transects within each study area to document changes in SAV cover and faunal composition with increasing distance from the CCS. However, as no ecologically significant differences were observed in the Pre-Uprate period, all faunal monitoring and three of the five (i.e., 12 of the 20) SAV transects in each area were eliminated in the Post-Uprate, leaving the two nearest shore-parallel transects in each area (Figure 4.2-1). In this section, the results of the Post-Uprate monitoring (fall 2013 and spring 2014) at the remaining eight transects are compared and then contrasted with Pre-Uprate observations.

Within each study area, two 2-kilometer-long, shore-parallel transects were used to monitor ecological conditions (Figure 1.3-1). These transects, designated a and b, were located 250 m and 500 m from shore, respectively. Each transect was divided into eight 250-m-long segments. A 1-m-square point was randomly selected along each 250-m segment as the permanent sampling location for all future sampling events (Table 4.2-1). These points were numbered 1 through 8. Thus, a sampling point designated as BB1-b-4 represents Area BB1, Transect b, and Sampling Point 4. This design produced a total of 16 sampling points per study area and 64 points for all areas combined.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-11 4.2.1 Methods and Materials Data collection methods followed the QAPP (FPL 2013b) and were consistent with methods used for the Pre-Uprate Period and as reported in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012).

4.2.1.1 Physical Parameters and Surface Water Quality Data General environmental data were collected at each sampling point. This included tidal cycle, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and sky conditions. The tidal cycle (high, low, ebb, or flood tide) was recorded based on published tide tables. A NIST-certified thermometer was used to determine air temperature. Wind speed was estimated, and wind direction was determined by use of a compass. Sky conditions were noted as Clear (0% to 25% cloud cover), Partly Cloudy (25% to 50% cloud cover), Mostly Cloudy (50% to 75% cloud cover), or Overcast (more than 75% cloud cover). Notes were made of any precipitation during the sampling event.

Light attenuation was measured at a single, fixed sampling point (Sampling Point 4) along each transect. A LI-COR LI-1400 data logger was connected to a LI-COR LI-193 spherical sensor and a LI-COR LI-190 quantum sensor to measure light (micromoles per square meter per second

[µmols/m2/sec]) at depth and at the surface, simultaneously. The LI-193 sensor was mounted in a weighted, black frame, while the LI-190 sensor was placed in an unshaded area on the boat. In water depths less than 1.5 m, three measurements were taken: 0.3 m below the surface, mid-depth, and 0.3 m above the bottom. In water depths greater than 1.5 m, five measurements were taken at equidistant depths starting at 0.3 m below the surface and finishing at 0.3 m above the bottom. Records of light measurements were made as the sensor was lowered to each depth, and again as the sensor was raised for a total of six to ten readings per sampling point. Sampling depth and time of sampling were recorded for each paired surface and underwater reading. For this report, only surface, mid-depth, and bottom values are presented.

A Hach Quanta water quality meter was used to measure water quality at each sampling point.

Monitored variables included temperature (°C), specific conductance (millisiemens per centimeter [mS/cm], converted to µS/cm for reporting purposes), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (DO; mg/L), pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP; mV), and turbidity (nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]). Salinity was calculated (not measured directly) by the water quality meter using conductance and a temperature correction normalized to 15°C (PSS-78 scale; UNESCO method). Water column measurements were taken approximately 30 cm below the surface and 30 cm above the bottom.

4.2.1.2 Porewater Water Quality At each station, porewater was collected at 30 cm using the methods described in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). If sediment depth was less than 30 cm, the bottom was probed within a 2-5 m radius of the sampling point until the target depth could be reached. Porewater was extracted with a Pushpoint Sampler and measured with a Hach Quanta water quality meter while temperature was measured in-situ with a thermocouple datalogger (TCTemp1000, ThermoWorks Inc., Lindon, UT).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-12 Similar to the Pre-Uprate events (FPL 2012), after completing SAV/water quality sampling at all eight points on a transect, porewater specific conductance data were reviewed, and the location with the highest conductance value was selected as the sampling point for porewater. At each of these sampling points, the porewater sampler was inserted to a depth of 30 cm, and the tubing attached to the sipper was connected to a peristaltic pump on the boat. For each sample, 500 to 750 mL of porewater was extracted from three sampling locations (<0.5 m apart). After collection, the three porewater samples were combined and homogenized, and subsequently distributed into pre-labeled analyte containers for laboratory analyses in accordance with the QAPP (FPL 2013b). Samples were analyzed for the following variables: sodium, chloride, nitrate nitrite as N, ortho-phosphate (OP), unionized ammonia (NH3), Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus, and tritium.

4.2.1.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Surveys and Ecological Observations Post-Uprate SAV surveys were conducted at 16 sampling points within each study area (eight/transect) using the same method applied during the Pre-Uprate monitoring (FPL 2012).

Four quarter-meter quadrats were thrown from the boat roughly equidistant within a 3-m radius around the marked sampling point. The SAV within each of the four quadrats was examined and percent cover score was recorded on underwater datasheets. Each of 26 pre-established categories of SAV (Table 4.2-2) used by the SFWMD, Florida Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Habitat Assessment Program, and the RER were scored using the Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance (BBCA) Index methodology previously described in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). To ensure consistency in assessments among FPL and the Agencies, BBCA scoring was done only by scientific divers who had previously attended annual Interagency Calibration Exercises hosted by the SFWMD in Key Largo (April 17, 2013, and May 22, 2014).

In addition to quantifying SAV coverage, sediment depth was considered an important variable in determining the relative abundance of seagrasses. During the two Post-Uprate sampling events, a rod was inserted into the substrate within each scored quadrat. Depth to refusal (i.e.,

underlying hardbottom) was recorded.

A qualitative characterization of benthic conditions surrounding each sampling point was made by a diver at the beginning of each SAV survey. This characterization, made out to the range of visibility, generally encompassed an area within a 10- to 15-m radius of the sampling point.

Observations were recorded under three main categories:

Overall conditions - radius and visibility (in feet) of the area that was assessed and the overall biotic coverage (Open, Fairly Open, Moderately Open, Mostly Covered, and Uniform);

Qualitative assessment of seagrass, drift algae, and Batophora coverage in the surveyed area (Sparse, Sparse to Moderate, Moderate to Dense); and

Generalization of the amount of calcareous algae, sponges, corals, and gorgonians found in the area (None, Few, Many).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-13 The substrate in the immediate vicinity of each sampling point was also qualitatively characterized by noting the presence/absence of the following sediment types: sandy, shell hash, silty, and rubble. If a handful of substrate was picked up, released, and settled relatively quickly with little drift, it was classified as sandy. If a plume was evident and it settled more slowly, it was classified as silty. Pockets of shell fragments mixed in with the sand were classified as shell hash, while rocks or hardbottom either exposed or just beneath a veneer of sediment were classified as rubble.

4.2.1.4 Statistical Analyses To ensure that unequal Pre-and Post-Uprate sample sizes did not influence statistical results, data from the two Pre-Uprate fall events were averaged to yield a single value for comparison with the single Pre-Uprate fall value. All variables were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA 64 Version 11 software (Statsoft, Inc.). Data were first tested to determine if they met requisite requirements for parametric testing, namely normality (Shapiro-Wilks Test) and homogeneity of variance (Levenes Test). The tests revealed that much of the data did not meet either assumption, and thus non-parametric tests were used instead. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by Ranks Test was first used to determine if differences in measured variables existed among areas or when comparing Pre-and Post-Uprate events. Further analyses were conducted using a Multiple Comparisons of Mean Ranks Post-hoc Test to determine which differences were statistically significant.

Differences among areas were analyzed for all Pre-and Post-Uprate events combined, Pre-Uprate events only, and Post-Uprate events only. Within-area values were also compared for both the Pre-and Post-Uprate. The significance levels (i.e., P-values) for the analyses were then Bonferroni-corrected by dividing the number of analyses run on each dataset i.e., P = 0.05/2 =

0.025.

To further investigate seagrass distribution and relative abundance, depth to hardbottom was measured during Post-Uprate sampling events and then correlated with mean seagrass BBCA scores using the non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Correlation Test. The same test was used to correlate bottom water and corresponding porewater water quality measurements. The significance value used for the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Test was set at P 0.05.

Significant correlations were considered to be strong if r l0.6l, weak if r <l0.6l and > l0.2l, and very weak if r < l0.2l. Only statistically significant correlations are reported.

4.2.2 Results and Discussion 4.2.2.1 Surface Water Quality Sampling was conducted over all tidal cycles. The data presented herein are actual depths at the time of sampling, unadjusted for tides. Mean water depth for all study areas and transects combined during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 sampling events was 2.2 m (Table 4.2-3). Area BB1 had the shallowest mean depth (1.7 m), while BB3 had the greatest (2.8 m). For all study areas combined, 37% of all sampling points during Post-Uprate monitoring were in water depths of 1 to 2 m, 60% were in depths of 2.1 to 3 m, and only 3% were in depths greater than 3 m.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-14 Ambient surface light measurements during the fall 2013 sampling event ranged from 407 to 2,621 µmols/m2/sec, while the bottom water column values ranged from 166 to 1,296

µmols/m2/sec (Table 4.2-4). Average percent attenuation between ambient and bottom values for fall 2013 was greatest in Areas BB2 and BB3 (71% and 81%, respectively) and least in Area BB1 (48%). For spring 2014, the average percent attenuation was greatest in Area BB4 (56%)

and lowest in BB1 (37%). Area BB4 was characterized as having a relatively high silty sediment component. Even small amounts of suspended silt in the water from surface waves can affect the amount of light reaching the bottom. Regardless, these values do not suggest that light is limiting seagrass coverage.

Sediment depth and type also varied across the four areas monitored. Seventy percent (70%) of the points sampled in the fall 2013 event and 75% in the spring 2014 monitoring event were classified as sandy-shell hash (Table 4.2-5). Twenty-eight percent (28%) of sediments had a silty component in the fall 2013 event, and 16% were in that category in spring 2014; more than half of all silty sampling points were located in BB4. Similarly, 10% to 15% of sampling points during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 events had rubble present, mostly in Area BB4. Consistent with the Pre-Uprate (FPL 2012) observations, the BB4 reference transects within Barnes Sound had different characteristics from the other areas as it had a higher percentage of stations with both silty and rubble components.

Temperature Temperatures in Biscayne Bay surface waters have been shown to track the meteorological conditions regionally (see Section 2). In the Post-Uprate, mean surface and bottom water temperatures along each transect were on average approximately 3ºC to 5ºC warmer in the fall of 2013 (29.0°C to 30.2°C) relative to the spring 2014 (26.0°C to 28.0°C) event (Table 4.2-6).

These values are reflective of the observations from the automated surface water stations in Biscayne Bay (Section 2) and within the normal tolerance ranges of the biota living in the Bay.

As would be expected in a shallow, well-mixed water body, there was very little difference between mean surface and bottom water quality values along any transect for either the Pre-or Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-7). This consistency includes the reference transect which is within Barnes Sound, further supporting landscape scale influences on water temperatures.

Pre-Uprate surface water temperatures were significantly lower than the Post-Uprate because of colder temperatures in fall 2010 and spring 2011 (FPL 2012); the fall 2010 event was conducted in October and November 2010, which was later in the year than fall events in the subsequent years. Temperatures differed among areas in the Pre-Uprate but not in the Post-Uprate. Mean bottom water temperatures were lower in BB2 and BB3 during the Pre-Uprate (P=0.0012) compared to the reference study area (BB4). Consequently, differences were observed between the Pre-and Post-Uprate in BB2 (P=0.0116) and BB3 (P=0.0140); these differences, however, were small (<1.0°C) (Table 4.2-7). Care must be used in drawing any definitive conclusions from these results since the surface water temperature data (Tables 4.2-7 and 4.2-8) are from spot-measurements that are reflective of the conditions of the area and thus are a function of

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-15 sampling at different times of day, tidal stage, and prevailing weather conditions, which create considerable natural spatial and temporal variability in the data.

Specific Conductance and Salinity Mean water column specific conductance and its derivative, salinity, was lower in the fall 2013 sampling (wet season) compared to the spring 2014 (dry season) event, consistent with seasonal and regional hydrologic influences. Values ranged from 39,988 to 52,900 µS/cm (25.7 to 35.1) during the fall and from 52,863 to 59,613 µS/cm (35.0 to 39.9) during the spring (Table 4.2-9 and 4.2-10). BB4, however, had lower specific conductance than BB2 and BB3 (P=0.0005) during the Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-8), and BB3 (P=0.0047) during the Pre-Uprate. As BB4 is located in a different basin, Barnes Sound, further south than the other three transects, these consistent observations may be attributable to the hydrologic and hydrodynamic conditions of the basin, i.e., freshwater terrestrial runoff and longer residence time of water.

Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Turbidity Although seasonal differences were observed in the DO, pH, and ORP levels, these differences were not significant and the patterns were consistent seasonally for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate. DO levels were slightly lower in the fall (4.9 to 6.2 mg/L) compared to the spring (5.3 mg/L to 6.3 mg/L) during Post-Uprate monitoring (Table 4.2-11), similar to the patterns observed for pH (Table 4.2-12). ORP values were higher in the fall (40.3 mV to 113.8 mV) compared to the spring (13.1 mV to 85.5 mV) (Table 4.2-13).

Water clarity has been high, as reflected by the very low turbidity values for both the Pre-Uprate (FPL 2012) and the Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-14) at all sites. The only values above 0.0 NTU recorded during Post-Uprate monitoring occurred on Transect a in Area BB3 during the spring 2014, and the mean bottom value for that transect was only 1.4 NTU.

4.2.2.2 Porewater Quality Average porewater temperatures differed 2ºC to 5ºC between seasons (29.2°C to 31.5°C in fall 2013, to 27.2°C to 27.5°C in spring 2014) (Table 4.2-15), tracking values from the overlying surface water. Porewater temperatures during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 sampling events differed in range from -2.6°C to 1.0°C during the fall and from -1.4°C to 0.6°C during the spring compared with corresponding bottom water column temperatures (Table 4.2-16).

All Post-Uprate porewater temperatures were within the range of values observed during the Pre-Uprate. Average porewater temperatures among BB1, BB2, and BB3 were very similar (<0.5ºC difference) for both the Pre-and Post-Uprate. Mean values at the reference site BB4, however, were higher compared to the other transects in the Post-Uprate (fall: 1.3ºC, spring: 0.3ºC). This reference site is located farthest from the CCS in Barnes Sound and has very different sediment characteristics (i.e., silty) compared to the other three areas which were more open, hardbottom habitats. The sediment characteristics as well as lower hydrologic exchange in Barnes Sound may contribute to the differences observed at BB4.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-16 There was little contrast in seasonal differences between porewater temperature and the overlying water between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring, particularly within those areas closest to the CCS (Table 4.2-17). These overall findings, coupled with a strong positive correlation (R=0.77) between bottom water column temperature and porewater temperature (p<0.0001; Table 4.2-18), suggest that temperatures in the overlying water column are likely the primary driver of porewater temperatures.

A comparison of Pre-and Post-Uprate bottom water specific conductance showed that the rank order of areas was always fairly consistent over the last four years; the freshest site was BB4, followed by BB1, BB2, and BB3 (Table 4.2-11). Average values in BB1 were similar to BB4 and BB2 for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate; values observed in BB1 are consistent with the automated data from TPBBSW-10 in Biscayne Bay (Figure 2.2-7) and of the area in general.

During the fall 2013 sampling event, porewater specific conductance ranged from 46,963 to 52,550 µS/cm and during the spring 2014 event, from 49,550 to 57,825 µS/cm (Table 4.2-19);

these patterns are seasonally consistent with observations from the Pre-Uprate and with the automated data from the surface water Biscayne Bay probes (see Section 2). In fall 2013, porewater specific conductance was higher than the bottom water column values at BB1 and BB4, while only slight differences (<1%) were found in the other two areas (Table 4.2-20).

During the spring 2014 sampling event, mean porewater specific conductance was lower than the corresponding bottom water column value in all four study areas, with the largest mean difference (3181 µS/cm) found in the reference area (BB4). This indicates that there were considerable seasonal differences in the relationship of bottom water column and porewater specific conductance Post-Uprate, likely caused by the insular effects of sediments. There was a strong positive correlation (R=0.84) between bottom water column and porewater mean specific conductance within all areas (p<0.0001; Table 4.2-18) and the similarity of surface and bottom water column conductance values suggests that porewater specific conductance is largely influenced by conditions in the overlying water column.

Chloride concentrations ranged from an average of 18,900 mg/L to 22,250 mg/L during Post-Uprate period. These data overlapped with the values observed during the Pre-Uprate. Most of the areas had similar chloride values for the Pre-and the Post-Uprate with the exception of BB4, which had slightly lower values (Table 4.2-8). Similarly, there were no significant sodium differences among areas during either the Pre-or the Post-Uprate sampling periods (Table 4.2-8) and no significant changes within any study area following the Uprate (Table 4.2-7).

Porewater nutrient results for fall 2013 and spring 2014 are presented in Table 4.2-21 and comparisons between Pre-and Post-Uprate values are presented in Table 4.2-22. There were no differences in TN and TP concentrations between the Pre-and Post-Uprate, although the nitrogen speciation patterns did differ slightly; more ammonia was observed in the Post-Uprate relative to the Pre-Uprate. Tritium values were not available for either the fall or spring Post-Uprate events.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-17 4.2.2.2 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Study Area Characterization Study Area BB1 can generally be described as embayment-like and is somewhat more sheltered than the other study areas, as portions are located west of the Arsenicker Islands and south of the Turkey Point peninsula (Figure 4.2-1). It is also the shallowest of the study areas (Table 4.2-3).

Transects within this area had sparse to moderate macrophyte coverage throughout for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate. Turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, was present in 97% of quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events (Table 4.2-23). Shoal grass, Halodule wrightii, was also present but much less widespread, and bottom coverage never exceeded 5%.

The nearshore transects in BB2 had many open areas, with drift algae, gorgonians, sponges, and sparse seagrass. Shoal grass was present in about 33% of the quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events, and was most abundant along the nearshore transect but coverage never exceeded 5%. Turtle grass coverage in BB2 was greater in the fall 2013 (36% of all quadrats), than in the following spring (25% of all quadrats).

Area BB3 is the deepest of the four study areas (mean depth 2.8 m; Table 4.2-3). Turtle grass occurred in about 73% of the quadrats during fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-23). Shoal grass was largely absent, occurring in just a few quadrats along the transect farthest from shore.

Both BB4 transects were composed of silty substrates, with rubble and small corals scattered throughout. Turtle grass was present in about 90% of the quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events (Table 4.2-23), while shoal grass was largely absent during both events.

Although seagrasses were widely observed, they occurred primarily in sparse or sparse to moderate assemblages around the sampling points used for this study. For the fall 2013 sampling event, Areas BB2 and BB4 had the highest percentage of observations of sparse seagrass (87.5%

and 93.8%, respectively) and, conversely, the lowest percentages of sparse to moderate coverage (12.5% and 6.3%, respectively); no points were scored as moderate to dense (Table 4.2-24).

Area BB1 was the only area where seagrass was characterized as moderate to dense during the fall 2013 monitoring event (12.5%). For the spring 2014 sampling event, Areas BB2 and BB3 had the highest percentage of points scored as sparse (87.5% and 81.3%, respectively). Areas BB1 and BB4 had 25% and 31.3%, respectively, scored as sparse to moderate coverage, and again, BB1 was the only area where moderate to dense seagrass was present (12.5%).

Calcareous algae was ubiquitous throughout the project area, with all areas listed as having either a few or many present (Table 4.2-24). During the fall 2013 sampling event, 68.8% to 100% of survey points within the study area were characterized as having many calcareous algae present.

Similar results were obtained during the spring 2014 event, although a smaller percentage of points were classified as having many present.

Drift algae was present in all areas for both fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-24). Batophora was widespread in all areas and ranged from sparse to moderate/dense coverage. Overall, the

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-18 fall 2013 event had more Batophora present in the survey areas than the spring 2014 sampling event, with Areas BB1 and BB2 having the highest percentage of moderate to dense coverage.

Sponges were prevalent in all of the areas, with most points having either a few or many present.

Gorgonians (soft corals) occurred less frequently and were completely absent for all points in areas BB1 and BB4. Stony corals were found in all areas, but less frequently in BB1 than the other three areas. The relative abundance of both stony and soft corals within the study area relates largely to the amount of exposed hardbottom present. Those areas with relatively large amounts of unconsolidated sediments, such as Area BB1, have fewer corals than areas where exposed hardbottom is more expansive.

Macrophyte Coverage and Chemistry Average total macrophyte (seagrass and macroalgae) cover ranged between 5% and 50% in fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-25). BBCA values at BB1, BB2, and BB4 did not differ significantly across the landscape in the last year, but BB3 was slightly lower compared to the other three areas (Table 4.2-5). Within each area, there were no differences in BB1 and BB2 between the Pre-and Post-Uprate; BB3, however, showed a decrease during the Post-Uprate relative to the Pre-Uprate. At the same time, BB4 showed an increase from the Pre-Uprate to the Post-Uprate. The lowered BBCA values in BB3 and increased values in BB4 are attributable to the Post-Uprate macroalgae cover at these area (Table 4.2-25), driven by changes in drift macroalgae cover (Table 4.2-24). Drift macroalgae cover can be highly variable as the algae are not attached and can be moved by prevailing winds and tides. These conditions can be greatly influenced depending on the wind conditions and tidal cycles before and during the sampling event.

A better assessment of the Pre-and Post-Uprate conditions is a comparison of the attached seagrass community. During the Post-Uprate, seagrass cover did not differ among sites in the fall, but in the spring, BBCA values were slightly lower for most of the areas (Table 4.2-25).

These differences are attributable to the phonological growth patterns of the seagrassess as a function of the growing season; the fall 2013 sampling captures cover at the end of the growing season, while the seagrasses during spring 2014 sampling were just starting to grow back after the winter die-off. Depending on the site-specific conditions, the seagrasses may grow back slower in some areas than in others.

A comparison of the Pre-and Post-Uprate seagrass cover showed that BBCA values did not differ between the Pre-and the Post-Uprate, although there were differences among areas. Area BB1 had the highest cover, followed by BB3, BB4, and BB2 and these patterns were consistent over the monitoring period, indicating fairly stable conditions over the last four years. The SAV conditions observed are typical of those reported elsewhere in South Florida.

The seagrass cover in the study areas was primarily a consequence of Thalassia cover. Robblee and Browder (2007) found Thalassia generally to be the most abundant seagrass present at their monitoring locations in both Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay (frequency of occurrence 80% to 98%). High cover and low-standing crop of seagrass is typical of Biscayne Bay and has been

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-19 attributed to the shallow depth of sediments. As the Thalassia rhizosphere typically extends 25 to 40 cm into the substrate (Enriquez et al. 2001; Robblee and Browder 2007), this grass cannot effectively colonize and grow in areas where only a thin veneer of substrate exists over the hardbottom. A positive correlation (R=0.79; P < 0.0001) was observed between seagrass BBCA scores and sediment depth across all areas (Table 4.2-17), suggesting that seagrass coverage within the study area was largely based on the availability of suitable substrate for colonization and growth.

Leaf nutrients were collected at two points per transect during the fall 2013; transect averages are presented in Table 4.2-27. Leaf TN, TC, 13C, and 15N values were all within expected values for seagrasses (Fourqurean and Zieman 2002). Mean values for TN and TC were higher at BB1 and decreased towards the south, while TP was highest at BB4 and lowest at BB1.

Consequently, N:P ratios were higher in the north relative to the south, indicating a greater N-limitation in BB4 relative to BB1. As the TN and 15N values are positively correlated, this indicates that higher nitrogen concentrations are probably contributing to the higher 15N observed. The patterns among the areas do not clearly indicate any CCS influence on the seagrass community, but rather the regional landscape hydrology and anthropogenic management influences.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 TABLES

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-21 Table 4.1-1. Data and Samples Collected in August and November 2013 and in February and May 2014 Measurements August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Measure herbaceous plants in 1x1m subplots X

X X

X Measure woody plants in 5x5m subplots X

Collect herbaceous leaf samples for mass and nutrient analysis X

X Collect woody leaf samples for mass and nutrient analysis X

Estimate herbaceous plant cover in 1x1m subplots X

X X

X Estimate woody plant cover in 5x5m subplots X

Collect porewater samples for nutrient analysis X

X Collect porewater samples for tracer suite analysis X

X X

X Key:

cm = centimeter(s).

m = meter(s).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-22 Table 4.1-2. Plot Location, Community Description, Dominant Vegetation in Subplots in 2013 -2014 Location North East Plot (decimal degrees)

Set Up (meters)

Transect Plot Latitude Longitude Community Herbaceous Dominant Species Woody Dominant Species 1 x 1m 5 x 5m F1 1

25.43503

-80.34692 Marsh/Mangrove Cladium jamaicense Rhizophora mangle Y

Y F1 2

25.44027

-80.34042 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense R. mangle Y

Y F2 1

25.4331

-80.35403 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F2 2

25.43286

-80.35864 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense R. mangle Y

Y F2 3

25.43328

-80.36346 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 1

25.4084

-80.36248 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 2

25.40815

-80.36722 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 3

25.40806

-80.37231 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 1

25.38657

-80.37074 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 2

25.38669

-80.37492 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 3

25.38655

-80.37908 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F5 1

25.3557

-80.36692 Scrub mangrove Distichlis spicata Laguncularia racemosa Y

Y R. mangle

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-23 Table 4.1-2. Plot Location, Community Description, Dominant Vegetation in Subplots in 2013 -2014 Location North East Plot (decimal degrees)

Set Up (meters)

Transect Plot Latitude Longitude Community Herbaceous Dominant Species Woody Dominant Species 1 x 1m 5 x 5m F5 2

25.35304

-80.356 Scrub mangrove D. spicata R. mangle Y

Y Juncus roemerianus F6 1

25.35469

-80.43848 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F6 2

25.34966

-80.43619 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F6 3

25.34413

-80.43097 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense C. erectus Y

N M1 1

25.44296

-80.33598 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M1 2

25.44716

-80.33269 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M2 1

25.40535

-80.3307 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M2 2

25.40521

-80.3299 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M3 1

25.38628

-80.33083 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M3 2

25.3845

-80.32794 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M4 1

25.3563

-80.33138 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M4 2

25.35468

-80.32911 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M5 1

25.35186

-80.35543 Scrub mangrove D. spicata R. mangle Y

Y Avicennia germinans M5 2

25.34507

-80.33381 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle Y

Y M6 1

25.29448

-80.39633 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M6 2

25.29305

-80.39538 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y Note:

NE = Location is at northeast corner of plot.

Key:

m = Meter(s).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-24 Table 4.1-3. Species and Individuals Counted in Subplots for Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity Calculations in November 2013 Community Type

• Plot Species Present

1. of Individuals Marsh F2-1 C. jamaicense 77 E. cellulosa 17 F2-2 C. jamaicense 38 E. cellulosa 38 R. mangle 2

F2-3 C. jamaicense 66 E. cellulosa 4

F3-1 C. jamaicense 34 E. cellulosa 35 F3-2 C. jamaicense 37 Aster spp.

1 M. scandens 1

F3-3 C. jamaicense 33 E. cellulosa 84 F4-1 C. jamaicense 155 F4-2 C. jamaicense 44 F4-3 C. jamaicense 41 F6-1 C. jamaicense 37 F6-2 C. jamaicense 38 F6-3 C. jamaicense 53 Brackish Marsh-Mangrove F1-1 C. jamaicense 56 R. mangle 32 F1-2 C. jamaicense 62 R. mangle 11 C. erectus 1

F5-1 R. mangle 45 L. racemosa 58 C. erectus 5

F5-2 D. spicata 28 J. romerianus 8

B. frutescens 5

R. mangle 169 Mangrove M1-1 R. mangle 269 M1-2 R. mangle 116 L. racemosa 4

M2-1 R. mangle 14 M2-2 R. mangle 464

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-25 Table 4.1-3. Species and Individuals Counted in Subplots for Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity Calculations in November 2013 Community Type

• Plot Species Present

1. of Individuals Mangrove M3-1 R. mangle 74 M3-2 R. mangle 47 M4-1 R. mangle 73 A. germinans 1

M4-2 R. mangle 64 A. germinans 1

M5-1 D. spicata 24 R. mangle 189 A. germinans 15 L. racemosa 4

M5-2 R. mangle 38 M6-1 R. mangle 24 M6-2 R. mangle 31 Note:

• In the marsh plots, all plants were counted in the northeast 1x1 (1 m2) subplot; similarly the northeast 5x5 (25 m2) was counted for the mangrove plots.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-26 Table 4.1-4. Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate Shannon-Wiener Index Calculated Values for Plots and Transects Location Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate August 2011 August 2012 November 2013 Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

0.603 0.532 0.870 0.484 0.530 0.541 0.764 0.492 0.288 0.580 0.946 0.837 2

0.442 0.403 0.510 0.464 0.206 0.446 F2 1

0.128 0.670 0.185 0.609 0.113 0.192 0.162 0.175 0.473 0.601 0.682 0.547 2

0.195 0.281 0.506 0.461 0.701 0.723 3

0.215 0.310 0.000 N/A 0.219 0.316 F3 1

0.670 0.762 0.966 0.694 0.130 0.243 0.187 0.221 0.693 0.742 1.000 0.535 2

0.271 0.391 0.239 0.345 0.026 0.024 3

0.518 0.747 0.325 0.469 0.595 0.858 F4 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A 3

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A F5 1

0.512 1.151 0.739 0.715 0.766 1.169 0.697 0.653 0.476 1.014 0.765 0.566 2

0.837 0.604 0.943 0.680 0.482 0.474 F6 1

0.000 0.458 0.000 0.661 0.000 0.460 N/A 0.664 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.682 0.984 0.687 0.991 0.000 N/A 3

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M1 1

0.000 0.011 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.076 N/A 0.109 0.000 0.057 N/A 0.083 2

0.040 0.057 0.255 0.369 0.113 0.211 M2 1

0.000 0.115 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.116 N/A 0.168 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.120 0.174 0.122 0.176 0.000 N/A M3 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M4 1

0.000 0.060 0.000 0.013 0.063 0.070 0.091 0.101 0.058 0.075 0.103 0.109 2

0.074 0.563 0.079 0.115 0.064 0.115 M5 1

0.314 0.290 0.453 0.049 0.577 0.530 0.416 0.383 0.482 0.584 0.468 0.421 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M6 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A Key:

N/A = Not applilcable.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-27 Table 4.1-5. Average Sawgrass Coverage per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Average Location Percent (%) Cover Pre-Uprate Average August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

2 - 5 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 F2 1

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

6 - 25 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2 - 5 6 - 25 2 - 5 2 - 5 F3 1

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2-5 2 - 5 2 - 5 6 - 25 F4 1

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 F6 1

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 6 - 25 2-5 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2 - 5 6 - 25 6 - 25 2 - 5 Key:

% = Percent.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-28 Table 4.1-6. Average Sawgrass Height per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location Average Height +/- Standard Error (cm)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

84.9 - 100 93.8 - 107.8 83.53 2.88 87.21 1.78 81.35 2.46 88.36 1.80 80.94 2.06 86.47 1.71 80.63 1.99 86.79 1.52 2

100 - 114.5 89.72 2.23 97.01 2.23 93.29 2.63 94.27 1.97 F2 1

80.6 - 96.3 75.5 - 90.3 76.74 1.08 74.26 0.81 76.91 0.97 73.43 0.89 74.55 1.39 71.15 1.15 70.75 1.23 67.47 0.95 2

73.5 - 89.6 74.99 1.66 74.92 2.28 73.53 3.09 69.38 2.32 3

67.6 - 80.4 69.77 1.49 66.71 1.50 63.71 1.65 60.67 1.43 F3 1

58.2 - 64.9 67.7 - 78.3 65.48 1.37 72.39 1.17 63.57 1.39 70.16 1.15 58.21 1.80 63.50 1.24 53.10 1.60 58.68 1.19 2

61.7 - 73 67.78 1.40 66.44 1.65 60.43 2.01 53.18 1.78 3

79.8 - 101.6 81.53 2.14 80.38 2.15 71.76 2.20 69.66 2.05 F4 1

103.1 - 123.9 80.9 - 96.3 97.88 2.19 82.38 1.43 99.83 2.04 84.87 1.52 96.16 2.07 81.37 1.53 93.91 1.87 76.55 1.59 2

62.1 - 79.9 67.11 1.24 66.45 1.59 63.47 1.73 57.93 1.91 3

73.9 - 89.1 75.07 1.33 74.61 1.79 70.93 1.73 61.91 1.84 F6 1

76.3 - 99.3 70.5 - 89.9 82.36 1.71 74.72 0.97 88.36 1.73 81.01 0.98 85.20 2.07 78.54 1.24 78.83 2.60 72.37 1.24 2

66.6 - 87 74.12 1.21 80.58 1.54 79.66 2.27 71.80 2.03 3

67.3 - 81.5 67.01 1.40 74.20 1.31 70.88 1.65 66.67 1.39 Key:

cm = Centimeters.

SE= Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-29 Table 4.1-7. Live and Total Sawgrass Biomass Equations for Post-Uprate Events Season Model R2 p-Value N

Total Biomass Equations November 2013 Total Biomass = -1.22987 + 2.55800 (Cdb2)2 +

0.03882 (NoLL)2 + 0.0002949 (LLL)2 0.8286

<0.0001 168 May 2014 Total Biomass = -0.46210 + 2.63119 (cdb1)2 +

0.0003069 (LLL)2 0.8722

<0.0001 168 Live Biomass Equations November 2013 Live Biomass = -1.53848 + 1.18027 (Cdb1) +

0.71527 (Cdb2)2 + 0.04703 (NoLL)2 + 0.0002064 (LLL)2 0.8785

<0.01 168 May 2014 Live Biomass = -2.45943 + 2.31954 (cdb2) +

0.37373 (NoLL) + 0.0001897 (LLL)2 0.8158

<0.01 168 Key:

Cdb1 = Culm diameter at base 1.

Cdb2 = Culm diameter at base 2.

LLL = Longest live leaf.

NoLL = Number of live leaves.

N = Sample size.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-30 Table 4.1-8. Average Sawgrass Live Biomass per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Events with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sawgrass Live Biomass (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

66.7 - 145.2 104.8 - 167.7 117.7 26.7 151.3 18.9 135.8 37.5 141.7 20.1 128.1 34.0 145.4 18.9 150.1 20.5 176.52 17.70 2

142.9 - 190.2 184.9 14.2 147.6 21.5 162.7 17.5 202.9 24.0 F2 1

112.7 - 208.8 69.1 - 122.2 130.4 15.8 75.8 12.9 151.3 20.4 90.7 15.1 126.6 15.8 80.6 11.2 135.1 17.0 88.86 11.67 2

42.3 - 74.3 46.6 8.4 54.9 9.5 56.5 6.8 56.9 4.4 3

52.4 - 83.5 50.3 4.0 65.9 11.5 58.6 5.6 74.6 8.2 F3 1

29.2 - 43.3 53.1 - 79.4 38.0 5.9 58.4 6.9 39.5 4.9 61.4 6.1 44.5 2.8 51.9 4.5 42.2 4.8 60.39 7.35 2

43.4 - 60.3 50.9 8.4 61.1 5.2 42.8 6.4 45.6 4.4 3

78.5 - 141.9 86.2 1.7 83.5 6.0 68.5 6.0 93.3 2.8 F4 1

184.9 - 275.5 94.7 - 147.8 264.4 71.6 125.6 36.9 320.9 85.6 146.0 45.6 234.0 30.1 115.0 27.0 268.4 26.4 127.48 31.26 2

41.3 - 70.8 47.7 5.8 50.7 10.2 54.2 6.4 61.2 9.3 3

57.9 - 97.7 64.7 11.3 66.4 9.2 56.7 2.5 52.9 4.3 F6 1

48.7 - 98 50.8 - 92.1 49.4 10.6 52.5 4.5 63.6 14.8 60.7 7.0 75.4 24.5 65.0 9.7 94.1 25.4 72.39 11.12 2

36 - 84.8 54.9 8.8 54.6 10.4 48.4 7.6 50.2 13.3 3

62.6 - 100.8 53.2 5.7 64.0 13.9 71.3 15.4 72.9 14.7 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-31 Table 4.1-9. Average Sawgrass Total Biomass per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Events with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sawgrass Total Biomass (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

87.6 - 262.8 131.2 - 314.1 164.1 35.2 209.3 24.7 189.3 54.8 198.0 29.0 201.0 55.8 230.0 30.8 231.7 36.3 279.2 30.0 2

174.8 - 396.7 254.6 15.7 206.8 29.4 259.0 27.3 326.7 37.2 F2 1

203 - 306.9 116.5 - 199.7 169.9 23.5 99.7 17.1 197.3 29.5 119.3 19.7 213.3 22.2 129.1 19.6 224.2 31.5 141.5 20.4 2

65.6 - 166.6 61.8 12.5 73.2 11.3 86.4 10.4 93.4 8.9 3

80.8 - 157.9 67.4 7.2 87.4 13.5 87.5 7.4 106.9 6.8 F3 1

32.7 - 104.1 75.0 - 169.0 49.3 8.5 78.0 9.8 51.2 6.3 82.5 9.2 67.7 5.1 87.4 9.9 59.3 4.5 91.4 12.6 2

50 - 138.2 65.7 9.7 80.5 9.4 69.3 12.5 68.9 13.2 3

142.4 - 285.2 118.9 4.4 116.0 9.6 125.1 13.4 146.1 6.2 F4 1

287.6 - 661.8 142.8 - 325.9 363.1 100.0 170.6 51.3 448.3 116.9 201.5 63.6 392.3 48.7 191.0 45.5 428.9 33.3 206.9 48.6 2

59.3 - 161.7 60.9 6.1 68.4 14.5 83.3 8.3 92.9 15.0 3

81.5 - 206 87.7 15.6 87.9 13.6 97.6 4.3 99.0 5.3 F6 1

84.4 - 219.2 65.6 - 228.4 67.3 13.9 71.8 6.4 87.7 19.6 81.8 9.5 140.9 44.3 117.1 16.7 155.8 39.1 126.4 17.6 2

51.9 - 205.8 74.5 13.9 70.5 13.8 95.2 15.2 92.3 22.6 3

60.5 - 258 73.7 7.1 87.3 18.8 115.3 23.1 131.1 26.0 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-32 Table 4.1-10. Sawgrass Productivity for 6-Month Interval of October/November to May during the Pre-and Post-Uprate Periods Location Sawgrass Productivity (g/m2/6 months)

Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate Transect Plot October 2010 - May 2011 November 2011 - May 2012 November 2013 - May 2014 F1 1

49.72 183.38 115.62 2

97.99 162.91 174.07 F2 1

55.57 105.25 84.31 2

25.05 43.40 37.18 3

22.15 47.90 53.76 F3 1

16.34 22.81 29.92 2

16.71 40.96 15.84 3

36.85 64.66 66.55 F4 1

50.44 220.66 107.43 2

10.84 27.32 53.68 3

22.90 39.14 31.97 F6 1

51.30 42.82 129.19 2

52.44 25.74 40.11 3

65.93 47.73 68.19 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-33 Table 4.1-11. Sawgrass Leaf Sclerophylly per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sclerophylly (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

101.2 - 166.8 126.1 - 155.5 170.3 6.7 163.3 6.9 196.1 13.4 206.4 9.0 F1 2

132.0 - 147 156.4 12.1 216.6 12.0 F2 1

123.2 - 230.9 137.6 - 179.7 175.6 4.2 191.9 7.8 261.2 13.3 235.7 7.3 F2 2

133.2 - 235.1 202.3 10.6 236.6 8.7 F2 3

125.9 - 215.3 197.7 20.3 209.2 11.4 F3 1

128.6 - 174.8 130 - 178 222.6 11.5 218.7 7.3 130.0 9.9 177.3 9.1 F3 2

134.0 - 179.8 200.2 6.8 183.0 11.3 F3 3

121.7 - 199.1 233.3 16.5 219.0 14.1 F4 1

142.4 - 171.0 146.1 - 163.9 149.6 9.2 145.8 4.3 228.2 16.2 227.2 8.0 F4 2

148 - 183.2 138.5 5.8 205.0 13.6 F4 3

153.0 - 186.7 149.3 7.1 248.3 8.6 F6 1

118.7 - 170.0 125.1 - 142.1 210.8 9.3 208.1 5.1 205.8 8.5 198.1 6.9 F6 2

129.2 - 160.7 206.6 6.7 189.5 15.8 F6 3

118.9 - 163.5 206.8 10.6 199.0 11.3 Key:

g = Grams.

m2 = Square Meters.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-34 Table 4.1-12. Average Leaf Carbon for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location C. jamaicense Total Carbon (mg/kg)

Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

441033 - 499000 452371 - 501143 478000 1000 478250 1264 449000 3342 453750 3261 2

460875 - 502750 478500 2533 458500 4839 F2 1

458275 - 507000 458367 - 503000 468000 3629 468833 2135 460500 3594 460917 2360 2

456450 - 498840 465750 5023 464750 2839 3

460375 - 503750 472750 1797 457500 5605 F3 1

453150 - 513174 449917 - 507079 464250 4404 467000 2153 458750 2496 458250 1280 2

436000 - 505443 470750 3591 460750 2175 3

452000 - 501134 466000 3342 455250 1377 F4 1

438725 - 489974 449909 - 487403 472500 4873 478167 2760 463000 4223 471333 2638 2

456250 - 486780 479500 5560 473250 1887 3

451000 - 485454 482500 3403 477750 4131 F6 1

470025 - 512279 457867 - 510524 475250 3568 472083 3049 463750 3794 466250 2104 2

467325 - 508211 478500 5795 468000 4416 3

436250 - 511270 462500 2872 467000 3391 Key:

Mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-35 Table 4.1-13. Average Leaf Total Nitrogen for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Total Nitrogen (mg/kg)

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

5233 - 9701 4771 - 10286 7250 250 6500 327 8500 645 8625 420 2

4425 - 10750 5750 250 8750 629 F2 1

6725 - 11000 7175 - 11083 6250 479 6250 179 8500 289 8250 179 2

8750 - 10500 6000 0

8250 250 3

6050 - 11750 6500 289 8000 408 F3 1

6625 - 9250 6308 - 8423 6000 0

5917 149 7500 500 7583 288 2

5975 - 8476 6000 408 7250 629 3

6325 - 9185 5750 250 8000 408 F4 1

7725 - 8250 6763 - 8746 5750 479 5750 218 8500 645 7917 313 2

5800 - 8987 5750 479 7500 289 3

8000 - 9139 5750 250 7750 629 F6 1

6000 - 10500 5283 - 10917 6000 408 6500 337 7750 479 8167 271 2

5225 - 12000 5750 250 8750 250 3

4625 - 10250 7750 479 8000 577 Key:

Mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-36 Table 4.1-14. Average Leaf Total Phosphorous for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect During the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Total Phosphorous (mg/kg)

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

213 - 247 194 - 241 144 12 136 7.5 296 37 304 22 2

180 - 248 127 9

313 30 F2 1

175 - 228 143 - 230 163 14 164 6.9 232 6

239 7

2 160 - 203 164 11 237 17 3

93 - 260 167 15 249 13 F3 1

148 - 195 147 - 225 120 6

134 7.4 190 6

199 9

2 163 - 220 120 7

175 13 3

123 - 273 164 9

234 10 F4 1

225 - 300 181 - 234 117 30 147 12.1 319 8

272 11 2

93 - 218 156 13 244 8

3 208 - 240 169 5

252 11 F6 1

190 - 240 193 - 220 159 26 159 11.3 219 20 202 9

2 215 - 225 155 9

196 15 3

130 - 200 162 12 192 15 Key:

mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-37 Table 4.1-15. Average Leaf Carbon Isotopes for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Carbon Isotopes ()

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

-28.3 to -25.5

-27.2 to -25.6

-27.3 0.5

-27.3 0.3

-27.3 0.2

-27.0 0.2 2

-27.3 to -24.3

-27.3 0.4

-26.8 0.3 F2 1

-26.5 to -25.4

-26.7 to -25.4

-26.1 0.1

-26.4 0.1

-27.0 0.1

-27.0 0.1 2

-27.0 to -25.2

-26.3 0.2

-26.9 0.1 3

-26.8 to -25.6

-26.7 0.3

-27.1 0.2 F3 1

-26.5 to -25.2

-26.1 to -25.1

-26.5 0.2

-26.3 0.2

-26.7 0.1

-26.5 0.1 2

-26.0 to -25.1

-26.2 0.3

-26.6 0.1 3

-26.2 to -25.1

-26.1 0.3

-26.3 0.2 F4 1

-26.9 to -24.9

-26.5 to -25.0

-27.1 0.2

-26.6 0.1

-27.5 0.5

-27.4 0.2 2

-26.7 to -25.2

-26.3 0.1

-27.8 0.4 3

-26.3 to -25.4

-26.5 0.2

-26.9 0.3 F6 1

-26.7 to -24.8

-26.5 to -25.0

-26.3 0.3

-26.3 0.2

-27.6 0.2

-27.4 0.1 2

-26.3 to -24.9

-26.1 0.3

-27.0 0.1 3

-26.7 to -25.4

-26.5 0.2

-27.6 0.1 Key:

= Parts per mille.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-38 Table 4.1-16. Average Leaf Nitrogen Isotopes for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Nitrogen Isotopes ()

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

-3.38 to 2.44

-3.62 to 1.31

-0.83 0.62

-1.30 0.40

-0.80 0.29

-0.93 0.28 2

-3.79 to 0.53

-1.78 0.46

-1.05 0.53 F2 1

-3.2 to -0.45

-3.65 to -0.48

-2.50 0.74

-1.83 0.32

-2.70 0.38

-2.34 0.26 2

-4.63 to -0.98

-1.88 0.50

-2.90 0.31 3

-3.13 to 0.00

-1.13 0.17

-1.43 0.31 F3 1

-4.93 to -2.2

-4.55 to -1.39

-3.45 0.32

-3.11 0.29

-5.15 0.93

-3.79 0.49 2

-4.45 to -0.73

-2.78 0.60

-3.23 0.48 3

-4.28 to -0.79

-3.10 0.64

-3.00 0.77 F4 1

-5.01 to -0.18

-5.45 to -1.32

-2.60 0.42

-3.34 0.26

-1.60 0.64

-3.77 0.56 2

-5.88 to -2.40

-3.90 0.43

-5.75 0.35 3

-3.07 to -1.40

-3.53 0.31

-3.95 0.22 Key:

= Parts per mille.

SE = Standard Error.

r

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-39 Table 4.1-17. Sawgrass Leaf C:N Molar Ratio per Plot and Transect in November 2013 and May 2014 C. jamaicense C:N Molar Ratio Location November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

77:1 86:1 62:1 61:1 2

97:1 61:1 F2 1

87:1 88:1 63:1 65:1 2

91:1 66:1 3

85:1 67:1 F3 1

90:1 92:1 71:1 71:1 2

92:1 74:1 3

95:1 66:1 F4 1

96:1 97:1 64:1 69:1 2

97:1 74:1 3

98:1 72:1 F6 1

92:1 85:1 70:1 67:1 2

97:1 62:1 3

70:1 68:1 Key:

C = Carbon.

N = Nitrogen.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-40 Table 4.1-18. Sawgrass Leaf N:P Molar Ratio per Plot and Transect in November 2013 and May 2014 C. jamaicense C:N Molar Ratio Location May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

111:1 106:1 64:1 63:1 2

100:1 62:1 F2 1

85:1 84:1 81:1 76:1 2

81:1 77:1 3

86:1 71:1 F3 1

111:1 98:1 88:1 84:1 2

111:1 92:1 3

78:1 76:1 F4 1

109:1 87:1 59:1 65:1 2

82:1 68:1 3

75:1 68:1 F6 1

83:1 91:1 78:1 89:1 2

82:1 99:1 3

106:1 92:1 Key:

N = Nitrogen.

P = Phosphorous.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-41 Table 4.1-19. Average Specific Conductance (µS/cm) of Porewater at Each Site for Each Post-Uprate Quarter with Pre-Uprate Range Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE 1

2260.8 - 5230.9 2505.8 4036.5 3196.5 1543.9 258.4 1382.3 5.7 1458.5 145.1 1508.2 137.1 2

1320.4 - 2173 1518.0 2173.0 1914.6 1175.1 407.8 1537.9 21.5 1268.1 76.4 1733.7 116.9 1

908.0 - 2127.7 1031.1 N/A 1587.0 1074.2 240.0 1145.1 122.8 971.3 164.0 1163.2 80.3 2

1231 - 2362.2 1351.2 N/A 1695.1 1273.3 63.8 1432.3 37.8 1260.1 115.9 1481.8 60.1 3

2048 - 2722.6 2219.3 2622.9 2722.6 2236.0 138.7 2316.6 16.5 1826.9 116.9 2414.3 46.9 4

670.0 - 1180.8 670.0 N/A 883.3 N/A N/A 749.9 49.8 N/A N/A 887.4 53.0 1

1380.2 - 2105.1 1736.1 1637.7 1832.3 1341.8 58.2 1298.8 23.7 1191.0 7.0 1290.3 63.9 2

1559.1 - 2089.2 1631.1 1677.8 1902.6 1529.2 42.3 1498.0 72.1 1314.1 26.3 1502.9 22.5 3

2359.9 - 3214.6 2614.0 2455.4 2926.7 2201.0 74.8 2140.5 217.9 2082.3 121.2 1984.0 30.6 4

380.6 - 782.4 380.6 N/A 561.4 N/A N/A 702.5 64.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

758.0 - 965.6 858.1 925.3 758.0 697.5 28.8 858.4 6.0 873.2 68.8 1030.7 2.9 2

568.0 - 825.8 689.3 763.3 568.0 512.4 45.2 728.3 47.6 799.6 16.3 787.0 34.9 3

827.3 - 1012.2 978.3 961.4 844.1 789.6 30.9 943.2 82.1 1011.6 91.2 1053.6 72.6 4

1108.9 - 1719.9 1108.9 N/A 1472.7 N/A N/A 1103.5 59.3 N/A N/A 1013.8 N/A 1

19168.9 - 31996.6 22990.9 20357.9 23680.7 34647.6 301.1 44370.5 25.7 34810.5 22.5 38982.4 443.6 2

19903.9 - 65050.8 19982.1 46727.7 43307.8 54925.4 2860.2 50433.2 180.3 48482.0 606.6 67745.0 1709.5 1

888.5 - 1125.2 1027.2 990.4 1009.8 1005.7 15.4 1060.5 28.8 1034.0 48.8 1039.2 42.2 2

1070.3 - 1206.8 1095.0 1070.3 1130.8 1187.0 18.0 1230.0 11.7 1200.0 7.7 1213.7 1.4 3

2523.5 - 3293.6 2679.0 3293.6 3214.2 3199.7 372.3 2936.5 445.0 2578.5 160.3 3621.2 126.9 4

645.5 - 1218.6 691.1 N/A 953.6 N/A N/A 1120.4 242.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

40788.2 - 64315.3 47100.8 56588.7 55947.0 N/A N/A 42284.0 670.6 N/A N/A 47442.4 3794.9 2

46019.7 - 63884.7 47967.9 57895.9 54413.1 N/A N/A 46491.1 562.6 N/A N/A 54083.4 5423.1 1

43276.9 - 62516.0 52510.3 59849.2 55072.4 N/A N/A 49759.1 761.2 N/A N/A 54776.0 49.5 2

49553.4 - 64093.4 51861.8 62007.6 60647.8 N/A N/A 49810.8 970.6 N/A N/A 54022.1 125.3 1

45589.1 - 67367.6 52123.6 64201.4 57153.8 N/A N/A 44296.6 2824.3 N/A N/A 54147.0 1529.0 2

43649.9 - 64913.6 50966.7 61782.3 56391.4 N/A N/A 48499.3 337.0 N/A N/A 55514.8 2911.4 1

41543.2 - 79855.8 43344.8 78742.9 59997.0 N/A N/A 51665.7 1095.6 N/A N/A 67294.6 4403.4 2

46134.3 - 85880.5 46134.3 77557.8 68872.3 N/A N/A 48034.9 1637.2 N/A N/A 62224.8 625.0 1

44949.4 - 81750.9 51624.5 55111.7 61393.0 N/A N/A 47225.9 536.0 N/A N/A 63430.5 1078.3 2

41321.5 - 58485.8 41321.5 56294.5 54297.8 N/A N/A 49061.6 1048.3 N/A N/A 56922.2 1272.7 1

41186.5 - 51057.4 N/A 44079.0 46514.1 N/A N/A 42390.8 323.2 N/A N/A 47797.3 1007.2 2

44630.5 - 48738.8 N/A 47719.2 48296.7 N/A N/A 44969.5 375.0 N/A N/A 45635.3 398.1 Key:

µS = Microsiemens.

cm = Centimeters.

N/A = Not applicable.

August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Pre-Uprate Range Porewater Specific Conductance at 30 cm Depth (µS/cm) 86.6 1621.0 98.2 October 2010 May 2011 November 2011 Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate 169.9 F1 1359.5 224.0 1460.1 45.8 1363.3 1790.6 - 3666.8 1227.4 - 2622.9 2011.9 3104.7 2555.5 1486.7 218.7 F3 1690.7 167.1 1409.9 199.3 1529.1 179.3 1592.4 1436.9 - 2047.8 131.2 1317.9 1763.3 2622.9 1923.6 1722.0 1805.7 F2 1527.8 238.5 1411.0 219.4 1352.8 1958.0 528.0 21486.5 1373.0 29147.8 1784.7 F4 666.5 53.9 947.4 54.7 894.8 49.3 965.2 49.5 883.3 - 1243.1 908.6 883.3 1023.1 F6 1797.5 455.0 1586.8 310.6 1604.1 312.6 F5 44786.5 5970.3 47401.8 1751.7 41646.2 19413.9 - 48523.7 1282.1 - 1784.7 33494.3 1577.1 M1 N/A N/A 44387.6 1266.0 43403.9 - 64100.0 M2 N/A N/A 49784.9 503.8 55180.0 57860.1 46998 - 63304.7 47534.4 52186.0 57242.3 60928.4 N/A N/A M3 N/A N/A 46397.9 1679.4 N/A 44903.7 - 66140.6 44093.6 - 82868.1 51545.2 44739.5 62991.8 78150.3 56772.6 64434.6 224.5 M5 N/A N/A 48143.7 715.5 46473 - 70118.4 M6 N/A N/A 43680.2 771.4 42908.5 - 49898.1 57845.4 47405.4 46473.0 N/A 55900.2 45899.1 M4 N/A N/A 49850.3 1321.1 N/A 50762.9 3954.4 53363.7 8334.3 N/A N/A 46716.3 764.8 1998.4 N/A N/A 60176.4 N/A 54830.9 1399.4 64759.7 2332.1 3313.2 N/A N/A N/A 54399.0

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-42 Table 4.1-20. Average Specific Conductance (µS/cm) of Porewater at Each Site for Each Post-Uprate Quarter with Pre-Uprate Range Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE 1

23.2 - 30.6 27.8 30.6 24.8 30.0 0.1 26.3 0.1 25.9 0.1 28.1 0.2 2

20.0 - 31.7 29.5 31.7 27.3 29.1 0.2 26.4 0.1 24.6 0.1 26.5 0.0 1

22.6 - 29.6 27.8 N/A 25.0 28.8 0.0 26.3 0.5 22.3 0.2 28.5 0.4 2

22.3 - 28.6 27.3 N/A 25.7 28.5 0.1 24.0 0.1 21.6 0.1 27.3 0.3 3

22.8 - 29.0 26.9 29.0 25.1 28.7 0.0 24.2 0.2 22.9 0.3 26.7 0.2 4

22.3 - 30.0 22.3 N/A 25.5 N/A N/A 25.7 0.1 N/A N/A 28.0 0.4 1

22.8 - 28.8 27.4 26.9 23.8 30.0 0.0 26.0 0.1 25.0 0.2 27.6 0.2 2

23.0 - 30.1 26.5 29.0 25.0 29.9 0.1 26.7 0.2 25.1 0.2 27.9 0.2 3

22.7 - 32.6 26.7 32.6 26.1 29.7 0.2 26.4 0.3 24.8 0.3 26.3 0.3 4

23.1 - 28.7 23.1 N/A 24.1 N/A N/A 25.4 0.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

21.4 - 29.2 21.4 28.9 26.3 30.0 0.5 26.2 0.2 24.6 0.1 26.8 0.4 2

21.4 - 31.4 21.4 29.8 26.7 30.3 0.1 27.4 0.1 25.5 0.6 26.5 0.3 3

24.7 - 32.1 24.7 32.1 25.1 30.1 0.1 26.6 0.1 25.5 0.2 26.7 0.4 4

23.6 - 27.9 23.6 N/A 24.5 N/A N/A 25.8 0.2 N/A N/A 28.3 N/A 1

25.1 - 34.5 27.5 34.5 26.1 30.0 0.2 28.5 0.1 25.0 0.1 28.7 0.2 2

24.8 - 34.1 27.4 32.1 26.0 30.9 0.4 28.0 0.4 26.5 0.2 28.1 0.0 1

23.5 - 28.7 28.7 24.7 25.4 28.7 0.1 24.5 0.2 23.3 0.1 26.4 0.5 2

23.9 - 29.4 27.3 25.9 27.4 29.7 0.1 24.6 0.2 24.8 0.0 26.8 0.2 3

21.6 - 30.1 28.3 26.9 27.4 29.5 0.1 24.6 0.1 24.6 0.3 26.1 0.4 4

21.4 - 27.1 21.4 N/A 25.7 N/A N/A 23.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

22.1 - 31.9 26.2 26.3 26.6 N/A N/A 25.1 0.3 N/A N/A 28.6 0.1 2

23.4 - 31.1 26.6 30.0 25.7 N/A N/A 26.5 0.0 N/A N/A 27.9 0.0 1

22.8 - 32.6 25.9 27.3 28.0 N/A N/A 26.8 0.3 N/A N/A 28.4 0.1 2

23.2 - 32.1 25.9 25.3 28.7 N/A N/A 27.2 0.0 N/A N/A 28.6 0.4 1

22.1 - 31.3 26.1 29.8 25.7 N/A N/A 27.0 0.2 N/A N/A 29.7 0.3 2

20.9 - 31.0 27.3 30.0 25.0 N/A N/A 26.9 0.2 N/A N/A 29.3 0.6 1

23.0 - 33.5 23.0 29.2 26.1 N/A N/A 27.5 0.3 N/A N/A 29.1 0.0 2

20.5 - 32.7 23.6 32.4 26.1 N/A N/A 27.4 0.5 N/A N/A 29.2 0.5 1

24.2 - 32.8 28.0 31.8 26.7 N/A N/A 27.1 0.2 N/A N/A 30.1 0.4 2

18.4 - 31.0 27.4 28.8 25.5 N/A N/A 26.5 0.2 N/A N/A 27.8 0.1 1

24.3 - 31.5 N/A 28.2 26.8 N/A N/A 27.5 0.0 N/A N/A 27.7 0.1 2

24.5 - 32.5 N/A 29.4 27.2 N/A N/A 27.9 0.2 N/A N/A 27.2 0.2 Key:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

cm = Centimeters.

N/A = Not applicable.

August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Pre-Uprate Range Porewater Temperature at 30 cm Depth (°C) 0.4 27.3 0.5 Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate October 2010 May 2011 November 2011 0.2 F1 29.5 0.3 26.3 0.1 25.2 21.8 - 31.1 22.9 - 29.3 28.7 31.1 26.0 27.6 0.3 F3 29.9 0.1 26.2 0.2 25.0 0.1 27.3 23.0 - 29.7 0.3 26.1 26.3 29.0 29.5 25.3 24.7 F2 28.6 0.1 25.1 0.4 22.3 26.4 0.2 27.4 26.4 33.7 25.8 F4 30.1 0.2 26.3 0.2 25.2 0.3 26.9 0.3 22.8 - 30.2 22.8 30.2 25.4 F6 29.3 0.2 24.2 0.2 24.2 0.3 F5 30.5 0.3 28.3 0.2 25.8 24.9 - 33.7 22.9 - 28.5 26.0 26.5 M1 N/A N/A 25.8 0.4 22.7 - 31.5 M2 N/A N/A 27.0 0.2 26.2 28.3 23.0 - 32.3 26.4 25.9 28.1 26.3 M4 N/A N/A 27.4 0.2 N/A N/A M3 N/A N/A 27.0 0.1 N/A 21.5 - 31.1 23.3 - 33.1 26.7 23.3 29.9 30.8 25.3 26.1 M5 N/A N/A 26.8 0.2 22.8 - 31.9 M6 N/A N/A 27.7 0.2 24.4 - 32.0 26.1 27.0 27.7 N/A 29.8 28.8 N/A 28.2 0.5 28.4 0.2 N/A N/A 27.5 0.2 0.7 N/A N/A 29.0 N/A 29.5 0.3 29.1 0.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 28.5 0.2

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-43 Table 4.1-21. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater August 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 29.98 29.06 28.77 28.48 28.69 30.02 29.94 29.66 pH SU Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1543.93 1175.11 1074.17 1273.25 2235.98 1341.78 1529.19 2201.01 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 132 73 88 87.2 103 125 139 268 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 184 107 146 195 433 227 281 496 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L Unionized NH3 mg/L Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N TKN mg/L TN mg/L ortho-Phosphate mg/L Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.9 J

0.6 J

0.4 J

0.7 J

1.2 J

0.7 J

0.8 J

1.1 J

Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

PW-F3-1 PW-F2-3 PW-F2-2 PW-F3-2 PW-F1-2 PW-F2-1 8/13/2013 8/9/2013 8/9/2013 8/13/2013 8/13/2013 8/7/2013 8/9/2013 PW-F1-1 PW-F3-3 8/7/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-44 Table 4.1-21. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater August 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 30.04 30.05 30.02 30.91 28.72 29.72 28.01 pH SU Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 697.5 789.57 34647.64 J

54925.39 1005.72 1186.95 3199.73 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 38.5 52.2 6690 10500 223 77 386 2.39 0.31 U

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 71.9 92.7 24900 J

20200 119 152 804 0.253 I

0.25 U

Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L Unionized NH3 mg/L Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N TKN mg/L TN mg/L ortho-Phosphate mg/L Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.3 J

0.4 J

22.4 J

37.1 0.5 J

0.6 J

1.7 J

Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

PW-EB1 PW-F6-3 PW-F6-2 PW-F6-1 PW-F5-2 8/13/2013 8/13/2013 8/12/2013 8/12/2013 PW-F5-1 PW-F4-3 8/13/2013 PW-F4-1 8/7/2013 8/8/2013 8/12/2013 8/8/2013 PW-FB1

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-45 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.29 26.36 26.33 26.33 24.24 25.75 pH SU 6.56 6.65 6.69 6.69 6.62 6.04 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1382.26 1537.93 1145.06 1432.31 2316.59 749.91 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 127 121 73.3 102 219 60 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 164 204 134 205 453 112 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 0.629 J

1.4 1.96 2.13 1.76 0.772 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 0.807 J

1.81 2.51 2.73 2.26 0.992 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00172 J

0.00478 0.00726 0.00789 0.00479 0.000616 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 2.18 J

2.77 2.7 3.28 3.15 2.26 TN mg/L 2.207 J

2.797 2.727 3.307 3.177 2.287 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0014 U

0.00246 I

0.0028 U J-0.0014 U J-0.00215 I J-0.00234 I V Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0023 I

0.0022 U

0.0316 0.0177 0.0136 0.0022 U

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.70 J

0.78 J

0.58 J

0.75 J

1.21 J

0.37 J

Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-F1-1 11/05/2013 PW-F1-2 PW-F2-1 PW-F2-4 PW-F2-3 PW-F2-2 11/12/2013 11/14/2013 11/14/2013 11/19/2013 11/08/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-46 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.05 26.75 26.43 25.42 26.24 27.36 26.58 25.48 pH SU 6.69 6.76 6.69 5.81 6.61 6.9 6.68 6.31 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1298.82 1497.47 2140.47 702.46 858.43 728.3 943.17 1103.53 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 109 120 230 71.6 40.1 42.1 52.2 77.9 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 214 253 479 132 77.9 85.2 102 145 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 2.45 2.72 1.98 0.421 0.857 1.92 1.72 1.03 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 3.14 3.48 2.54 0.541 1.1 2.46 2.2 1.32 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.0089 0.0122 0.00739 0.000193 0.00263 0.0124 0.00634 0.0015 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 4.02 4.16 3.3 2.09 2.76 2.82 2.78 2.9 TN mg/L 4.047 4.187 3.327 2.117 2.787 2.847 2.807 2.927 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.00141 I V 0.0014 U

0.0014 U

0.00255 I V 0.00265 I V J 0.00194 I V 0.0014 U

0.00328 I V Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.00999 I

0.00623 I

0.00227 I

0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.00504 I

0.00545 I

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.66 J

0.76 J

1.11 J

0.35 J

0.43 J

0.36 J

0.48 J

0.55 J

Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

11/11/2013 PW-F4-1 PW-F3-4 11/12/2013 PW-F3-3 PW-F3-2 PW-F3-1 11/11/2013 11/11/2013 11/11/2013 PW-F4-2 PW-F4-4 PW-F4-3 11/12/2013 11/12/2013 11/12/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-47 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 28.96 28 24.47 24.64 24.63 23.21 25.14 26.48 pH SU 6.72 6.86 6.75 6.67 6.57 6.4 6.53 6.61 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 44370.52 50433.17 1060.5 1229.96 2936.48 1120.44 42284 46491.1 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 8550 9130 49.5 76 313 44 7950 9170 J

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 16600 18800 112 171 639 78.9 16300 18200 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 0.904 0.996 2.53 2.01 1.61 0.822 0.411 J

0.287 J

Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 1.16 1.27 3.24 2.58 2.07 1.06 0.527 J

0.368 J

Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.0043 0.00612 0.00944 0.00632 0.00402 0.00125 0.00097 J

0.00089 J

Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.0443 I

0.027 U

0.027 U J TKN mg/L 2.59 1.57 3.64 2.95 2.71 3.02 0.719 J

0.89 J

TN mg/L 2.617 1.597 3.667 2.977 2.737 3.0643 0.746 J

0.917 J

ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0014 U

0.0014 U

0.00233 I J-0.0014 U J-0.0014 U J-0.00478 I J-0.00656 I J 0.0206 J

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 29.16 33.69 0.54 J

0.62 J

1.55 J

0.56 J

27.59 30.70 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-F6-4 11/13/2013 PW-M1-1 11/05/2013 PW-M1-2 11/06/2013 PW-F6-2 11/13/2013 PW-F6-3 11/13/2013 11/13/2013 11/18/2013 11/18/2013 PW-F6-1 PW-F5-2 PW-F5-1

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-48 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.78 27.17 27.02 26.91 27.5 27.38 27.09 26.5 pH SU 6.83 6.55 7.04 6.91 6.88 6.59 6.85 6.84 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 49759.1 49810.8 44296.6 48499.3 48034.9 48034.9 47225.9 49061.6 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 9660 9330 8670 8960 J

10100 9490 J

8720 9530 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 18800 19000 17200 17900 19500 18800 18000 19600 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 1.02 0.406 J

0.529 0.756 J

0.834 1.1 J

0.495 0.894 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 1.31 0.521 J

0.675 0.967 J

1.07 1.41 J

0.633 1.14 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00538 0.00054 J

0.00459 0.00483 J

0.00518 0.00349 J

0.00279 0.00473 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.0428 I

0.027 U

0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 1.45 0.916 J

1.2 1.59 J

1.65 2.37 J

1.37 1.38 TN mg/L 1.477 0.9588 J

1.227 1.617 J

1.677 2.397 J

1.397 1.407 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.00625 I J 0.0242 J

0.00214 I

0.00245 I

0.0014 U

0.00625 I J 0.0014 U

0.0193 J

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 33.13 33.18 29.10 32.19 34.57 31.86 31.25 32.60 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-M5-1 11/18/2013 PW-M5-2 11/06/2013 PW-M3-2 11/20/2013 PW-M4-1 11/19/2013 PW-M4-2 11/06/2013 PW-M2-1 11/19/2013 PW-M2-2 11/20/2013 PW-M3-1 11/19/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-49 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 27.46 27.89 pH SU 6.49 6.46 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 42390.9 44969.6 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 7800 J

8300 J

1.28 0.31 U

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 16300 16800 0.25 U

0.25 U

Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 2.22 J

2.41 J

0.236 0.273 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 2.85 J

3.09 J

Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00562 J

0.00587 J

Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U J 0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 2.83 J-3.02 J

0.498 0.285 TN mg/L 2.857 J

3.047 J

ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0319 J

0.0344 J

0.00284 I

0.0014 U

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.00556 I J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 27.70 29.59 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-M6-2 11/07/2013 PW-EB1 11/05/2013 PW-FB1 11/20/2013 PW-M6-1 11/07/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-50 Table 4.1-23. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater February 2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 25.9 24.6 22.3 21.6 22.9 25.0 25.1 24.8 Specific Conductance S/cm 1458 1268 971 1259 1826 1190 1314 2082 Sodium mg/L 162 125 77.9 95.7 189 110 124 245 Chloride mg/L 157 193 126 178 330 196 230 455 Salinity 0.74 J

0.64 J

0.49 J

0.64 J

0.94 J

0.60 J

0.67 J

1.01 J

Tritium pCi/L (1) 02/13/2014 02/13/2014 020414-PW-F1-1 020614-PW-F3-3 020614-PW-F3-2 02/04/2014 020414-PW-F1-2 021314-PW-F2-3 021314-PW-F2-2 021314-PW-F2-1 020614-PW-F3-1 02/13/2014 02/06/2014 02/06/2014 02/06/2014 02/04/2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 24.6 25.6 25.5 25.0 26.5 23.3 24.8 24.6 Specific Conductance S/cm 873 799 1011 34810 48481 1033 1200 2578 Sodium mg/L 55.5 56.4 59.2 6910 10400 53.9 81.5 312 Chloride mg/L 119 110 126 12900 18700 116 167 560 Salinity 0.44 J

0.40 J

0.51 J

22.2 32.2 0.52 J

0.61 J

1.4 J

Tritium pCi/L (1) 02/12/2014 021114-PW-F5-2 021114-PW-F5-1 02/11/2014 020514-PW-F4-3 021214-PW-F6-1 021214-PW-F6-3 021214-PW-F6-2 020514-PW-F4-2 020514-PW-F4-1 02/11/2014 02/12/2014 02/12/2014 02/05/2014 02/05/2014 02/05/2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C Specific Conductance S/cm Sodium mg/L 0.310 U

0.310 U

Chloride mg/L 0.250 U

0.250 U

Salinity Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

= Sigma (Standard Deviation).

PW = Porewater.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

02/05/2014 021314-PW-FB-1 02/13/2014 020514-PW-EB1

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project-August 2014 l+

Ca Pre-Uprate Surface Water 2+

Ca CATIONS cc ANIONS CATIONS Legend: TPBBSW= ~. TPSWC = *. TPSWID =0, TPSWCCS =

• Post-Uprate Surface Water Figure 3.2-4. Tri-Linear Diagram of Surface Water Ionic Concentrations.

3-62 Section 3 C l ~

ANIONS

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project-August 2014 0

0 T

B T

0.14 B

OM T

0.50 B

0.03 NH3 T 0.11-022 B 0.03-022 T

0.15 B

0.17 T

0.34 B

0.19 NH3 T

Biscayne Bay Monitoring Station Interceptor Ditch Monitoring Station Surface Water Canal Monitorin g Station Coolin Canal Monitorin Station Note: 1) NA." Not a*1ailable; 0.027 0.17 0.027 OAS 0.034 0.1!2 0.132 0.90

~IO><

rn

0. 005-0. 099 0.94-1.30 0.290-0. 550 0.. 78-1.60 0.008 0.16 0.011 0.18 0.027 0.73 0.027 0.84 NOx rn 10-3 0.003 0.010 0.002 0.002 TP

0. 004-0. 018

0. 004-0. 011 0.003 0.002 0.018 0.004 T

~IA B 0.11-0.54 B

0.11 023 NH3 T 0.17-0.20 B 0.19-0.41 T

0.15 T

NA

~IA B 0.03-0.30 0.005-0.048 220-230 0. 02S-O. 073 B

O.D9 0.027 0.12 B

0.15 0*.039 10.64 l~H3 IX>><

TN TP NA l*IA 0.015-1.000 23G-3.00 0. 028-0. 028 0.027 0.14 0.028 0.045 0.34 0.028 NOx TN TP 0.011-0.093 0.83-0.87 0. 004*0. 007 0.005-0.016 1.00-1.70 0. 004"0. 010 0.042 0.19*

0.002 0.027

~IA 0.050 NA

2) NH3.* Total Ammonia (mg/Las NJ; NOx-Nitrate I Nitrite as N (mg/L); TN.- To tal Nitrogen (mg/L); TP.- Total Phosphorus (mg/L).

3) Pre-Uprate.- Jun 2010 to Dec 2011.

4) S13.- Sep 2013; M14.- Mar 2014.

T

~IA B

B 0.04 0.16

~IO><

TN 0.12 t-IA 1.05 0.043 NA NA 10.75 0.028 l*IA NA NH3 0.04 Figure 3.2-5. Range (pre-Uprate) and Results (post-Uprate) of Quarterly Surface Water Samples for Nutrients.

3-63 Section 3 7-2014

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~ :r.

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FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-1

4. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING The purpose of ecological monitoring was to identify existing baseline conditions and evaluate potential impacts, if any, as a result of the Uprate. Ecological monitoring was conducted to

1) establish the Pre-Uprate status of ecological conditions and biotic components, 2) determine the extent to which, if any, CCS operations may impact conditions and components, and

3) establish Post-Uprate conditions to determine the extent to which Uprate implementation may result in impacts and changes to these conditions and components. Biotic components of primary interest were marsh vegetation in adjacent wetlands and mangroves, and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in Biscayne Bay.

This section includes data from the Post-Uprate sampling period, which includes four terrestrial ecological monitoring events (August 2013, November 2013, February 2014, and May 2014; Table 4.1-1), and two sampling events in Biscayne Bay (September 2013 and April 2014). An overview of Post-Uprate ecological conditions is provided, and Pre-Uprate conditions are presented as either an average or a minimum and maximum value range for all calculated values for comparison with the Post-Uprate data.

4.1 Marsh, Mangroves, and Tree Islands Plot establishment and monitoring setup is provided in detail in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). Per the Monitoring Plan (SFWMD 2009a), 12 transects were established to capture ecological characteristics and changes over time across the landscape surrounding the Turkey Point Power Plant (Figure 1.1-4). A total of 16 marsh, 4 tree island, and 12 mangrove 20-meter-by-20-meter (20x20) plots were established along six marsh and six mangrove transects. Nested within each 20x20 plot are four 1-meter-by-1-meter (1x1) subplots and four 5-meter-by-5-meter (5x5) subplots. The 5x5 subplots were set up to capture changes in the woody species, and the 1x1 subplots were designed to measure changes within the herbaceous community. Of the 32 20x20 plots, six were established within reference transects (four in the marsh and two within the mangroves). For the Post-Uprate, a reduction in ecological monitoring was implemented (Table 1.1-1). As part of the reduction, the mangrove site measurements were limited to once a year. Marsh vegetation measurements were still conducted on a quarterly basis while tree islands were sampled semi-annually. Ionic analyses were limited to chloride and sodium, and stable isotopic analyses were eliminated from all sites; nutrients and tritium still continue to be sampled at all sites.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-2 4.1.1 Methods and Materials 4.1.1.1 Vegetation Sampling For herbaceous subplots, all individuals of the dominant and co-dominant herbaceous emergent plants were counted. Plots to the west of the CCS and the reference plots primarily consisted of sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense); in some plots during certain events, sawgrass was co-dominant with spikerush (Eleocharis cellulosa) (Table 4.1-2). In plots to the south, saltgrass (Distichlis spicata) was the dominant herbaceous vegetation in the 1x1 subplots within the mangrove plots.

In the 1x1 plots, either 30% of the plants or 15 individuals (whichever value was greater) of the dominant species were tagged. Tagged plants were measured for the parameters needed to calculate biomass estimates. Parameters required for the biomass equations varied with species, but measurements included length, width, diameter at base, diameter at tip, and number of live leaves. Biomass estimates were subsequently used to calculate plot productivity and turnover in grams per square meter (g/m2).

For the woody species, three trees were tagged in each 5x5 subplot and up to six branches per tree were tagged. Only dominant species were individually measured. Tree species selection was based on the dominance of each species, and individuals of a species were chosen based on which general tree sizes represented the highest percentages of biomass in the subplot. For example, if 60% of the coverage of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) in a subplot was made up of small trees and 40% of the subplot was made up of large trees, two small trees and one large tree were tagged. Canopy width and length (and depth for white mangrove [Laguncularia racemosa] only), height, main stem diameter, and number of branches were recorded for each tagged tree to obtain tree biomass based on published allometric equations (Coronado-Molina et al. 2004).

Additional information about biomass and productivity calculations for dominant woody and herbaceous species is provided in both the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012) and Appendix J.

4.1.1.2 Porewater Sampling Field specific conductance and temperature were recorded at 0, 30, and 60 centimeter (cm) depths, and additional samples were collected at 30 cm for nutrient analyses per the Monitoring Plan (SFWMD 2009a) and were modified per the Post-Uprate reductions (SFWMD 2013b and c; Table 1.1-1). Samples were collected from the northeast 1x1 and 5x5 subplots at all sites. The method to collect porewater is detailed in Appendix A of the QAPP (FPL 2013b) and the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). Less porewater is required for each sample in the Post-Uprate due to the reduction in number of analytes.

At each subplot, a peristaltic pump was connected to a PushPoint Sampler (PushPoint Sampler PPX36, M.H.E. Products, East Tawas, Michigan) using polyethylene and silicon tubing. Low volume samples (approximately 50 milliliters [mL]) were collected at 0 and 60 cm within both the 1x1 and 5x5 subplots for specific conductance and temperature readings. These readings

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-3 were collected using a conductance/temperature sensor connected to a hand-held console (AT100 probe and Rugged Reader console, In-Situ Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado). New tubing and a PushPoint Sampler cleaned using FDEP FC1000 was used to collect samples at 30 cm. Once the PushPoint Sampler was inserted to 30-cm depth, water was pumped for several seconds prior to collection to clear excess sediment from the tubing, and a small volume was collected for conductance and temperature readings. For the nutrient analysis, a 200- to 450-mL porewater sample was collected in a pre-cleaned, 1-liter sample bottle from both the 1x1 and the 5x5 subplots at a 30-cm depth interval, for a total composite sample volume of 400 to 900 mL.

When sampling nutrients, a pH reading was made using a pH meter (Extech© PH220, FLIR Systems, Waltham, Massachusetts) and was recorded on the field datasheets. The pH value is used to calculate ammonia and is therefore only recorded during nutrient sampling events. The composite sample was distributed into the sample bottles using the same tubing and pump used for sample collection at 30 cm. Once the sample was distributed, the water level was marked on each sample bottle to help the lab determine if water was lost or gained (from melted ice) during transport. The sample bottles were then placed in sealed plastic bags and were stored per their preservation requirements for laboratory analysis.

4.1.1.3 Statistical Analysis Differences among sites were examined statistically using NCSS 9.0 (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah). Data were examined to determine if there were differences between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate data using repeated measures analyses-of-variance (ANOVAs).

4.1.2 Results and Discussion 4.1.2.1 Community Description The key vegetation communities in each of the general habitats are shown in Table 4.1-2 and a complete list of species is provided in Appendix L. Transects F2, F3, F4, and F6 were freshwater marsh transects dominated by sawgrass, although scrub woody species were periodically encountered. Although the F1 transect was designated as freshwater habitat, mangroves were present in both plots along this transect. F5 was primarily a mangrove plot, dominated by needlegrass rush (Juncus roemerianus), saltgrass, red mangrove, and white mangrove. Dense periphyton mats were observed among the vegetation in the F2, F3, F4, and F6 plots, but were not present in either F1 or F5 because of the higher salinity environments found along these two transects due to impoundment. All trees in the M transects were scrub mangroves, dominated mostly by the red mangrove (Table 4.1-2).

The Shannon-Wiener Index (SWI) of Diversity and species evenness were calculated from the plant communities in the 1x1 and 5x5 subplots located in the northeast corner of each plot.

Eleven total species of woody and herbaceous plants were documented in the northeast corners of the marsh subplots during the November 2013 sampling event. In the freshwater marsh-mangrove F plots (F1 and F5), red mangrove and sawgrass were the two species present. In the mangrove plots, red mangrove was the most prevalent species (Table 4.1-3). Diversity ranged

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-4 from one to four species within a plot and from one to six species when comparing transects (Table 4.1-3).

The SWI is a measure of the probability that a randomly sampled individual will be of a particular species. For instance, an SWI value of 0 indicates that only one species is present with no uncertainty as to what species a randomly sampled individual will be. Values can range from 0 to 4.5 but, in the transects measured, SWI was low and all transects had SWI values less than 1.5 (Table 4.1-4). In the marsh plots, diversity was lowest in the F4 plots and the reference transect F6 plots (SWI = 0), as all plots along the transect were dominated by a single species, sawgrass. Overall, the relatively low SWI values indicate low species diversity and low abundance of non-dominant species (i.e., most plots are dominated by sawgrass, with spikerush sparsely present). Diversity was highest in the marsh at transect F3 (SWI = 0.742), as this transect had four species recorded across all plots. Diversity was also low in the mangrove plots, which were dominated by red mangrove with white and black mangrove sparsely present. M5-1 was the most diverse mangrove plot with four species (Table 4.1-3). The community with the highest diversity was the marsh-mangrove mix which had three (F1) and six (F5) species along those transects. F5 was the most diverse transect, as it was composed of a mix of woody and non-woody species within the different plots. Although the SWI values have fluctuated each year, the overall trends have remained consistent throughout the entire monitoring period (Table 4.1-4).

Species evenness is a measure of how evenly distributed (numerically) each species is at a site.

A species evenness of 1 means an equal number of individuals of each species is present. The low evenness values of the mangrove plots indicate one highly dominant species (red mangrove) with other species sparsely intermixed. Higher evenness values for some of the marsh plots show that at plots such as F1-1, F3-1, and F3-3, most species present are well-represented (Table 4.1-4). Species evenness cannot be calculated when only one species is present in a plot, which is the case for both the F6 and M6 reference transects. The mangrove plots had the lowest species evenness, while the marsh sites had the highest (Table 4.1-4). These trends have remained consistent throughout the entire monitoring period.

4.1.2.2 Freshwater Marsh Sampling Sawgrass was the primary herbaceous species measured in the marsh plots; therefore, to focus on landscape trends, discussion of the herbaceous vegetation is limited to sawgrass. Sawgrass cover was consistently 25%, and average vegetation height for each sampling event never exceeded 1.0 meter (m) (Tables 4.1-5 and 4.1-6, respectively). These vegetation patterns are consistent with the sparse sawgrass community commonly observed in Florida (Olmsted and Armentano 1997).

Sawgrass percent cover values have remained consistent during the entire monitoring period.

The percent cover values are reported as percentage categories per the QAPP (FPL 2013b; Table 4.1-5). During the Post-Uprate period, values remained the same with the exception of small variations at F3-3, F6-1, and F6-3 (Table 4.1-5). Changes in percentage categories observed

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-5 between the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate events are present, but are due to incremental and/or seasonal changes in percent cover and not due to rapid decline/growth.

Sawgrass height varied significantly by site, with F4-1 and F1-2 being the tallest plots and F3-1 being the shortest (Table 4.1-6). Most sites have been consistently trending downward with the exception of F4-1, F1-2, F6-2, and F6-3, which show a more irregular pattern that is possibly linked to wet/dry seasonal variations. The reason for the downward trend is unclear as other parameters that are related to height (porewater nutrients, live biomass, and total biomass) do not reflect the same trend. Notably, although the field crews take as much care and precaution as possible not to damage the vegetation, anthropogenic factors related to repeated sampling of the same plants over time could cause the decrease. However, despite this trend of decreasing height across the landscape, there have been no differences in the rank order of vegetation heights between the Pre and the Post-Uprate. Plants in F3, F2, and F6 (reference transect) have always had shorter sawgrass relative to F1 and F4 for the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate periods. These differences may be explained by inherent hydrologic and biogeochemical interactions within each plot and are not related to the Uprate or CCS operations.

Both live and total sawgrass biomass were calculated using the four equations presented in Table 4.1-7. These equations were derived from semi-annual plant harvests conducted in accordance with this project. Both live and total biomass follow the same general patterns across the landscape, with F4-1 and F1-2 having the highest values and F3-1 the lowest (Tables 4.1-8 and 4.1-9). This overall trend has remained consistent during the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate monitoring. A statistical test was performed to determine whether Pre-Uprate live sawgrass biomass is significantly different from Post-Uprate live sawgrass biomass. The analysis showed there is no significant difference in sawgrass live biomass between the two time periods (F1,125=0.22; P>0.05). The Model Lands Marsh adjacent to the Turkey Point plant has similar hydrology and community composition as the C-111 Basin and Taylor Slough (Childers et al.

2006). Although the Model Lands is smaller in size than either the C-111 or Taylor Slough, these landscapes are similarly characterized by sawgrass marshes; tree islands; and hydrology driven by rain, canal overflow, and surface water runoff (Childers et al. 2006). Historic live biomass data at study sites in the C-111 Basin and Taylor Slough (located west of the study area) generally range from 100 to 300 grams per square meter (g/m2) annually (Childers et al. 2006).

Live biomass during the Pre-Uprate and the Post-Uprate periods was less than 100 g/m2 at 10 of the 14 sawgrass plots, including all three plots along reference transect F6 (Table 4.1-9). None of the sawgrass plots exceeded 300 g/m2 (Table 4.1-9).

Since ecological sampling initially began in November 2010, sawgrass Annual Net Primary Productivity (ANPP) is calculated from November of each year. ANPP could not be calculated for the Post-Uprate because the time period does not include a November-to-November timeframe. Instead, productivity was calculated for the six months from November 2013 to May 2014. Data from the same six-month period between November and May during Pre-Uprate monitoring are included in Table 4.1-10 for comparison. Annual mean productivity from the C-111 Basin typically ranges from about 200 to 500 g/m2, while mean productivity at Taylor Slough within Everglades National Park was typically less than 300 g/m2 (Childers et al. 2006).

The values from this study are consistent with the values observed at Taylor Slough.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-6 Sclerophylly is a measure of leaf hardness or toughness that reflects climate and nutrient conditions. Low sclerophylly values represent more ideal growing conditions compared to high sclerophylly values. Sclerophylly of sawgrass was higher in May 2014 than in November 2013 for all F1, F2, and F4 plots, and lower in May relative to November for all F3 and F6 plots (Table 4.1-11). Sawgrass sclerophylly was significantly higher during the Post-Uprate monitoring period compared to the Pre-Uprate (F1,69=112.1; P<0.0001). The 12 months during the Post-Uprate monitoring have been about 40% drier relative to the previous year, i.e., 40.15 inches from June 2013 to May 2014 relative to 70.38 inches from June 2012 to May 2013 at the S-20 rainfall station (Figure 2.4-4). The increase in sclerophylly is most likely due to the drier meteorological conditions that were present during the Post-Uprate time period.

The leaf nutrient trends in November 2013 and May 2014 are consistent with data from the Pre-Uprate period. A summary of sawgrass leaf nutrients and stable isotopes is presented in Tables 4.1-12 through 4.1-18. C3 photosynthetic plants (e.g., sawgrass) can have carbon isotope values between -34 parts per mille () and -22 (Smith and Epstein 1971), where -22 is representative of plants from desert conditions and -34 is indicative of tropical rainforest vegetation (Kohn 2010). Chang et al. (2009) found that carbon isotopes from sawgrass in the Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge (LNWR) ranged from -30.1 to -24.5. The average range of carbon isotopes from sawgrass collected during November 2013 ranged from -27.3 to

-26.1 and from -27.8 to -26.3 in May 2014, within range of the plant community in the LNWR and the Pre-Uprate data (Table 4.1-15). The 15N found in sawgrass from the LNWR ranged from -5.3 to 7.7 while sawgrass adjacent to Turkey Point had an average range of -3.9 to -

0.83 in November 2013 and -5.8 to -0.8 in May 2014 (Table 4.1-16). The molar ratio of C:N never fell below 47:1 which is representative of mature plants with high lignin content (Table 4.1-17). Terrestrial environments are considered nitrogen-limited when the N:P ratio is below 14 and phosphorous-limited when the N:P ratio is above 16. All N:P ratios were well above 16, indicating a P-limited system (Table 4.1-18).

Porewater specific conductance and temperature collected from 30 cm depth within the sediment are presented in Tables 4.1-19 and 4.1-20. Statistical comparisons were performed to determine whether or not porewater specific conductance and temperature at a 30-cm depth changed significantly between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring. Because F5-1 and F5-2 are not representative of a freshwater marsh (their water chemistry and vegetation communities are more consistent with a brackish marsh) they were omitted from this analysis. Additionally, the tree island plots were not included in this analysis because they are not considered marsh habitat.

The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate porewater specific conductance was significantly higher than the Post-Uprate values (F1,116=15.43; P=0.002) while there was no significant difference in Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate porewater temperature (F1,116=0.37; P=0.660). The difference in specific conductance is likely driven by the high values observed during a drought in the Pre-Uprate monitoring period. CCS water is characterized by high specific conductance and temperature. The absence of higher specific conductance and temperature in the Post-Uprate porewater data suggests that the surrounding marsh is not influenced by the Uprate or CCS operations.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-7 Post-Uprate monitoring consists of sampling quarterly for sodium, chloride, and tritium; and bi-annually for nutrients (May and November). Porewater analytical data for August 2013 to May 2014 are presented in Tables 4.1-21 through 4.1-24. In some quarters, data are not available for sites (e.g., F2-4, F-3-4, F4-2) which were often too dry at 30 cm and did not yield enough porewater for analysis.

In the Post-Uprate, marsh transects west of the CCS (F2, F3, F4) generally had higher sodium and chloride values with distance from the L-31 Canal (Figures 4.1-1 and 4.1-2). The reference transect, F6, showed a similar trend across the landscape as well, with the farthest site from any canal, F6-3, having the highest values. The impounded north transect (plots F1-1 and F1-2) had lower sodium and chloride levels than the impounded plots to the south (F5-1 and F5-2).

Although considered marsh sites, the southern impounded plots were similar to the mangrove sodium and chloride values than the other marsh plots.

A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to evaluate Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate differences in porewater analytes. For all marsh analyses, the four impounded plots (F1-1, F1-2, F5-1, and F5-2) and the four tree island plots (F2-4, F3-4, F4-4, and F6-4) were omitted because the vegetative communities and the water chemistry found at these sites are different from marsh habitat. Sodium and chloride values were generally lowest during the wet season and highest in the dry season. The lowest annual values were observed during the wet season, i.e., either in August or November. There was no significant difference between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate values for either sodium (F1,114=2.19; P=0.1667) or chloride (F1,114=4.56; P=0.0561) in the marsh.

Porewater nutrients (TKN, ammonia, and TP) were also analyzed to evaluate Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate differences. There was no difference in Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate TKN (F1,56=4.63; P=0.054) or TP (F1,56=2.76; P=0.1246) in the marsh sites, but Pre-Uprate ammonia was significantly higher than Post-Uprate ammonia (F1,44=118.67; P<0.001). In the Post-Uprate period, the average TN ranged from 1.68 mg/L at F1-1 to 4.67 mg/L at F3-2. The TN data from each plot show seasonal variability with higher concentrations occurring generally in or at the end of the wet season (i.e., November) sampling (Figure 4.1-3). The differences in the types of nitrogen and phosphorus available may be, in part, a consequence of regional meteorological conditions.

The porewater nutrient concentrations in the tree island plots are typically higher than the surrounding marsh. Ion concentrations vary seasonally with higher values observed in the dry season months (February and May) than the wet season (August and November).

The structure and composition of the sawgrass marsh communities within the study area have remained stable throughout the entire monitoring effort. Many of the fluctuations observed are due to seasonal and meteorological conditions. Overall, the vegetation characteristics summarized above (i.e., live biomass, productivity, leaf nutrient concentration), porewater chemistry, and community composition are representative of the hydrologically modified marshes found throughout southern Florida.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-8 4.1.2.3 Mangrove Sampling Post-Uprate vegetation sampling at the M sites occurred during the November 2013 event while porewater sampling occurred in November 2013 and May 2014. Values from the same timeframes during the Pre-Uprate monitoring period are provided for comparison along with the Pre-Uprate value ranges. Red mangrove is the primary woody species measured in the mangrove plots; therefore, to focus on landscape trends, discussion of the woody vegetation is limited to red mangrove.

Percent cover has remained consistent during the Post-Uprate period for all sites (Table 4.1-25).

The cover also has not changed between the Pre-and the Post-Uprate time periods with the exception of M3-1. The change in percentage categories observed between Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate events at M3-1 is difficult to interpret due to the wide range of values included in each percentage category. Because of this, it is worth noting that the changes in percent cover classes that have occurred during the monitoring period are due to incremental and/or seasonal changes in percent cover and not due to rapid decline/growth.

Lugo and Snedaker (1974) classified a scrub mangrove forest as having trees that are less than 1.5 m (150 cm) tall. All of the trees measured within the study area are consistent with this classification. At the F sites, red mangrove height remained consistent throughout the Post-Uprate sampling period (within 9 cm), indicating that very little vertical growth/die-off has occurred during the Post-Uprate events (Table 4.1-26). A statistical test was performed to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove height at the M sites. The Post-Uprate height dataset consists of one event at the M sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that the trees are significantly taller Post-Uprate, suggesting that the dwarf mangrove populations within the study area are slowly growing and that no considerable die-off has occurred (F1,45=11.95; P<0.0001). Slow growth is expected in dwarf mangrove ecosystems due to the difficult growing conditions naturally found in these areas (McKee et al. 2002).

Red mangrove biomass was calculated using the allometric equation presented in Coronado-Molina et al. (2004). Seasonal fluctuations in red mangrove biomass are present, and while Post-Uprate biomass values for plots M2-1, M3-2, M4-2, and M5-2 are below the Pre-Uprate ranges for these sites, there are no consistent increasing or decreasing trends over time (Table 4.1-27).

A statistical test was conducted to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove biomass at the M sites. The Post-Uprate biomass dataset consists of one event at the M sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate biomass during the October 2010 and November 2011 events was higher than Post-Uprate biomass during the November 2013 event (F1,47=11.62; P=0.006). The difference is likely a result of the drier meteorological conditions during the November 2013 time period.

Sclerophylly measurements were performed during the November 2013 sampling event (Table 4.1-28). A statistical test was performed to compare Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate red mangrove

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-9 sclerophylly at the M sites. The Post-Uprate sclerophylly dataset consists of one event at the M-sites (November 2013), therefore, the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The Post-Uprate red mangrove sclerophylly values from the November 2013 event were significantly higher than the Pre-Uprate data, indicative of the mangrove leaves being thicker and more succulent (F1,45=11.95; P=0.005). This is most likely a result of the drier meteorological conditions during this time period.

Mangrove leaf nutrients, stable isotopes, and molar ratios for the November 2013 Post-Uprate event are presented in Tables 4.1-29 through 4.1-35. Carbon isotope data were within the normal range that C3 plants are known to have (-34 to -22), reaching as high as -24.8 and as low as -28.0. Carbon isotope total average over all Post-Uprate seasons was -25.8, which is representative of data from scrub red mangroves in Belize (-25.3 from Smallwood et al. 2003 and -26.4 from McKee et al. 2002). The N:P molar ratios of the leaves were well above 16, indicating that all mangrove sites are P-limited. Red mangrove 15N ranged from -9.95 to 3.2 and averaged -3.5. McKee et al. (2002) found average 15N values of -5.38 in similar scrub mangrove habitats. Low nitrogen isotope values are a consequence of the slow growth patterns and the resulting low nitrogen demand associated with scrub mangrove forests (McKee et al. 2002). The Post-Uprate leaf nutrient and isotope values are consistent with the Pre-Uprate data, and are within the ideal ranges established in the literature for similar dwarf mangrove plant communities (Smallwood et al. 2003; McKee et al. 2002).

A statistical test was performed to determine whether or not porewater specific conductance and temperature at a 30-cm depth changed significantly between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring.

The Post-Uprate porewater dataset consists of two events at the M sites (November 2013 and May 2014), so the analysis included Pre-Uprate data from October 2010 and May and November 2011 to help balance the dataset while still representing similar seasons. The analysis showed that Pre-Uprate porewater specific conductance was significantly higher than the Post-Uprate time period (F1,93=13.06, P=0.004), while porewater temperature was significantly higher in the Post-Uprate (F1,57=5.08, P=0.050). CCS water is characterized by both high specific conductance and temperature. The absence of higher specific conductance values coincident with higher temperatures in the Post-Uprate porewater data suggest that the higher porewater temperature is likely due to insular effects and not the Uprate or CCS operations. The higher specific conductance values in the Pre-Uprate period appear to be influenced by the 2011 drought.

Sodium and chloride values were higher in May 2014 relative to November 2013, most likely the consequence of seasonal meteorological conditions. Values in most of the transects were similar with the exception of M4 which is located in a basin and generally has standing water with limited tidal exchange. Overall Post-Uprate sodium and chloride values were lower than the Pre-Uprate values (F1,86=17.74; P=0.001 and F1,86=10.64; P=0.008); the highest values were observed in May and August 2011 after a dry spring earlier that year.

There was an increase in TN and TP from November 2013 to May 2014 during the Post-Uprate.

This slight increase, similar to the observations for sodium and chloride, may have been due to

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-10 the drier conditions in the mangroves. A comparison of the Post-Uprate (November 2013) and the Pre-Uprate (May and November 2011) events showed that the Post-Uprate ammonia and TP levels were lower than the Pre-Uprate (F1,46=119.23; P=0.000 and F1,56=61.80; P<0.0001), while Post-Uprate TKN was not significantly different from Pre-Uprate values (F1,56=1.87; P=0.200).

This is similar to the observations in the marsh over the same time period and is most likely a meteorologically driven phenomenon.

The structure and composition of the scrub mangrove communities within the study area have remained stable throughout the entire monitoring effort. The system is driven by concurrent stressors, including nutrient deficiency, high salinities, and saturated soil. The vegetation characteristics of the study area are consistent with scrub mangrove forests found along the coastal fringe of south Florida and the Florida Keys (Lugo and Snedaker 1974).

4.2 Biscayne Bay Pre-Uprate ecological monitoring in Biscayne Bay was conducted bi-annually between September 2010 and September 2011 (two fall events and one spring event) and Post-Uprate monitoring was conducted in September 2013 and May 2014 (single fall and spring events). The sampling setup was based on the approved Monitoring Plan (FPL 2010) and followed the QAPP (FPL 2011a, 2013b); three study areas (BB1 to BB3) within Biscayne Bay and Card Sound, as well as a reference site in Barnes Sound (BB4) were selected for ecological sampling (Figure 1.3-1).

In the Pre-Uprate, monitoring was conducted along five shore-parallel transects within each study area to document changes in SAV cover and faunal composition with increasing distance from the CCS. However, as no ecologically significant differences were observed in the Pre-Uprate period, all faunal monitoring and three of the five (i.e., 12 of the 20) SAV transects in each area were eliminated in the Post-Uprate, leaving the two nearest shore-parallel transects in each area (Figure 4.2-1). In this section, the results of the Post-Uprate monitoring (fall 2013 and spring 2014) at the remaining eight transects are compared and then contrasted with Pre-Uprate observations.

Within each study area, two 2-kilometer-long, shore-parallel transects were used to monitor ecological conditions (Figure 1.3-1). These transects, designated a and b, were located 250 m and 500 m from shore, respectively. Each transect was divided into eight 250-m-long segments. A 1-m-square point was randomly selected along each 250-m segment as the permanent sampling location for all future sampling events (Table 4.2-1). These points were numbered 1 through 8. Thus, a sampling point designated as BB1-b-4 represents Area BB1, Transect b, and Sampling Point 4. This design produced a total of 16 sampling points per study area and 64 points for all areas combined.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-11 4.2.1 Methods and Materials Data collection methods followed the QAPP (FPL 2013b) and were consistent with methods used for the Pre-Uprate Period and as reported in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012).

4.2.1.1 Physical Parameters and Surface Water Quality Data General environmental data were collected at each sampling point. This included tidal cycle, air temperature, wind speed and direction, and sky conditions. The tidal cycle (high, low, ebb, or flood tide) was recorded based on published tide tables. A NIST-certified thermometer was used to determine air temperature. Wind speed was estimated, and wind direction was determined by use of a compass. Sky conditions were noted as Clear (0% to 25% cloud cover), Partly Cloudy (25% to 50% cloud cover), Mostly Cloudy (50% to 75% cloud cover), or Overcast (more than 75% cloud cover). Notes were made of any precipitation during the sampling event.

Light attenuation was measured at a single, fixed sampling point (Sampling Point 4) along each transect. A LI-COR LI-1400 data logger was connected to a LI-COR LI-193 spherical sensor and a LI-COR LI-190 quantum sensor to measure light (micromoles per square meter per second

[µmols/m2/sec]) at depth and at the surface, simultaneously. The LI-193 sensor was mounted in a weighted, black frame, while the LI-190 sensor was placed in an unshaded area on the boat. In water depths less than 1.5 m, three measurements were taken: 0.3 m below the surface, mid-depth, and 0.3 m above the bottom. In water depths greater than 1.5 m, five measurements were taken at equidistant depths starting at 0.3 m below the surface and finishing at 0.3 m above the bottom. Records of light measurements were made as the sensor was lowered to each depth, and again as the sensor was raised for a total of six to ten readings per sampling point. Sampling depth and time of sampling were recorded for each paired surface and underwater reading. For this report, only surface, mid-depth, and bottom values are presented.

A Hach Quanta water quality meter was used to measure water quality at each sampling point.

Monitored variables included temperature (°C), specific conductance (millisiemens per centimeter [mS/cm], converted to µS/cm for reporting purposes), salinity (ppt), dissolved oxygen (DO; mg/L), pH, oxidation reduction potential (ORP; mV), and turbidity (nephelometric turbidity units [NTU]). Salinity was calculated (not measured directly) by the water quality meter using conductance and a temperature correction normalized to 15°C (PSS-78 scale; UNESCO method). Water column measurements were taken approximately 30 cm below the surface and 30 cm above the bottom.

4.2.1.2 Porewater Water Quality At each station, porewater was collected at 30 cm using the methods described in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). If sediment depth was less than 30 cm, the bottom was probed within a 2-5 m radius of the sampling point until the target depth could be reached. Porewater was extracted with a Pushpoint Sampler and measured with a Hach Quanta water quality meter while temperature was measured in-situ with a thermocouple datalogger (TCTemp1000, ThermoWorks Inc., Lindon, UT).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-12 Similar to the Pre-Uprate events (FPL 2012), after completing SAV/water quality sampling at all eight points on a transect, porewater specific conductance data were reviewed, and the location with the highest conductance value was selected as the sampling point for porewater. At each of these sampling points, the porewater sampler was inserted to a depth of 30 cm, and the tubing attached to the sipper was connected to a peristaltic pump on the boat. For each sample, 500 to 750 mL of porewater was extracted from three sampling locations (<0.5 m apart). After collection, the three porewater samples were combined and homogenized, and subsequently distributed into pre-labeled analyte containers for laboratory analyses in accordance with the QAPP (FPL 2013b). Samples were analyzed for the following variables: sodium, chloride, nitrate nitrite as N, ortho-phosphate (OP), unionized ammonia (NH3), Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphorus, and tritium.

4.2.1.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Surveys and Ecological Observations Post-Uprate SAV surveys were conducted at 16 sampling points within each study area (eight/transect) using the same method applied during the Pre-Uprate monitoring (FPL 2012).

Four quarter-meter quadrats were thrown from the boat roughly equidistant within a 3-m radius around the marked sampling point. The SAV within each of the four quadrats was examined and percent cover score was recorded on underwater datasheets. Each of 26 pre-established categories of SAV (Table 4.2-2) used by the SFWMD, Florida Fish and Wildlife Fisheries Habitat Assessment Program, and the RER were scored using the Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance (BBCA) Index methodology previously described in the Comprehensive Pre-Uprate Report (FPL 2012). To ensure consistency in assessments among FPL and the Agencies, BBCA scoring was done only by scientific divers who had previously attended annual Interagency Calibration Exercises hosted by the SFWMD in Key Largo (April 17, 2013, and May 22, 2014).

In addition to quantifying SAV coverage, sediment depth was considered an important variable in determining the relative abundance of seagrasses. During the two Post-Uprate sampling events, a rod was inserted into the substrate within each scored quadrat. Depth to refusal (i.e.,

underlying hardbottom) was recorded.

A qualitative characterization of benthic conditions surrounding each sampling point was made by a diver at the beginning of each SAV survey. This characterization, made out to the range of visibility, generally encompassed an area within a 10- to 15-m radius of the sampling point.

Observations were recorded under three main categories:

Overall conditions - radius and visibility (in feet) of the area that was assessed and the overall biotic coverage (Open, Fairly Open, Moderately Open, Mostly Covered, and Uniform);

Qualitative assessment of seagrass, drift algae, and Batophora coverage in the surveyed area (Sparse, Sparse to Moderate, Moderate to Dense); and

Generalization of the amount of calcareous algae, sponges, corals, and gorgonians found in the area (None, Few, Many).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-13 The substrate in the immediate vicinity of each sampling point was also qualitatively characterized by noting the presence/absence of the following sediment types: sandy, shell hash, silty, and rubble. If a handful of substrate was picked up, released, and settled relatively quickly with little drift, it was classified as sandy. If a plume was evident and it settled more slowly, it was classified as silty. Pockets of shell fragments mixed in with the sand were classified as shell hash, while rocks or hardbottom either exposed or just beneath a veneer of sediment were classified as rubble.

4.2.1.4 Statistical Analyses To ensure that unequal Pre-and Post-Uprate sample sizes did not influence statistical results, data from the two Pre-Uprate fall events were averaged to yield a single value for comparison with the single Pre-Uprate fall value. All variables were statistically analyzed using STATISTICA 64 Version 11 software (Statsoft, Inc.). Data were first tested to determine if they met requisite requirements for parametric testing, namely normality (Shapiro-Wilks Test) and homogeneity of variance (Levenes Test). The tests revealed that much of the data did not meet either assumption, and thus non-parametric tests were used instead. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by Ranks Test was first used to determine if differences in measured variables existed among areas or when comparing Pre-and Post-Uprate events. Further analyses were conducted using a Multiple Comparisons of Mean Ranks Post-hoc Test to determine which differences were statistically significant.

Differences among areas were analyzed for all Pre-and Post-Uprate events combined, Pre-Uprate events only, and Post-Uprate events only. Within-area values were also compared for both the Pre-and Post-Uprate. The significance levels (i.e., P-values) for the analyses were then Bonferroni-corrected by dividing the number of analyses run on each dataset i.e., P = 0.05/2 =

0.025.

To further investigate seagrass distribution and relative abundance, depth to hardbottom was measured during Post-Uprate sampling events and then correlated with mean seagrass BBCA scores using the non-parametric Spearman Rank Order Correlation Test. The same test was used to correlate bottom water and corresponding porewater water quality measurements. The significance value used for the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Test was set at P 0.05.

Significant correlations were considered to be strong if r l0.6l, weak if r <l0.6l and > l0.2l, and very weak if r < l0.2l. Only statistically significant correlations are reported.

4.2.2 Results and Discussion 4.2.2.1 Surface Water Quality Sampling was conducted over all tidal cycles. The data presented herein are actual depths at the time of sampling, unadjusted for tides. Mean water depth for all study areas and transects combined during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 sampling events was 2.2 m (Table 4.2-3). Area BB1 had the shallowest mean depth (1.7 m), while BB3 had the greatest (2.8 m). For all study areas combined, 37% of all sampling points during Post-Uprate monitoring were in water depths of 1 to 2 m, 60% were in depths of 2.1 to 3 m, and only 3% were in depths greater than 3 m.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-14 Ambient surface light measurements during the fall 2013 sampling event ranged from 407 to 2,621 µmols/m2/sec, while the bottom water column values ranged from 166 to 1,296

µmols/m2/sec (Table 4.2-4). Average percent attenuation between ambient and bottom values for fall 2013 was greatest in Areas BB2 and BB3 (71% and 81%, respectively) and least in Area BB1 (48%). For spring 2014, the average percent attenuation was greatest in Area BB4 (56%)

and lowest in BB1 (37%). Area BB4 was characterized as having a relatively high silty sediment component. Even small amounts of suspended silt in the water from surface waves can affect the amount of light reaching the bottom. Regardless, these values do not suggest that light is limiting seagrass coverage.

Sediment depth and type also varied across the four areas monitored. Seventy percent (70%) of the points sampled in the fall 2013 event and 75% in the spring 2014 monitoring event were classified as sandy-shell hash (Table 4.2-5). Twenty-eight percent (28%) of sediments had a silty component in the fall 2013 event, and 16% were in that category in spring 2014; more than half of all silty sampling points were located in BB4. Similarly, 10% to 15% of sampling points during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 events had rubble present, mostly in Area BB4. Consistent with the Pre-Uprate (FPL 2012) observations, the BB4 reference transects within Barnes Sound had different characteristics from the other areas as it had a higher percentage of stations with both silty and rubble components.

Temperature Temperatures in Biscayne Bay surface waters have been shown to track the meteorological conditions regionally (see Section 2). In the Post-Uprate, mean surface and bottom water temperatures along each transect were on average approximately 3ºC to 5ºC warmer in the fall of 2013 (29.0°C to 30.2°C) relative to the spring 2014 (26.0°C to 28.0°C) event (Table 4.2-6).

These values are reflective of the observations from the automated surface water stations in Biscayne Bay (Section 2) and within the normal tolerance ranges of the biota living in the Bay.

As would be expected in a shallow, well-mixed water body, there was very little difference between mean surface and bottom water quality values along any transect for either the Pre-or Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-7). This consistency includes the reference transect which is within Barnes Sound, further supporting landscape scale influences on water temperatures.

Pre-Uprate surface water temperatures were significantly lower than the Post-Uprate because of colder temperatures in fall 2010 and spring 2011 (FPL 2012); the fall 2010 event was conducted in October and November 2010, which was later in the year than fall events in the subsequent years. Temperatures differed among areas in the Pre-Uprate but not in the Post-Uprate. Mean bottom water temperatures were lower in BB2 and BB3 during the Pre-Uprate (P=0.0012) compared to the reference study area (BB4). Consequently, differences were observed between the Pre-and Post-Uprate in BB2 (P=0.0116) and BB3 (P=0.0140); these differences, however, were small (<1.0°C) (Table 4.2-7). Care must be used in drawing any definitive conclusions from these results since the surface water temperature data (Tables 4.2-7 and 4.2-8) are from spot-measurements that are reflective of the conditions of the area and thus are a function of

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-15 sampling at different times of day, tidal stage, and prevailing weather conditions, which create considerable natural spatial and temporal variability in the data.

Specific Conductance and Salinity Mean water column specific conductance and its derivative, salinity, was lower in the fall 2013 sampling (wet season) compared to the spring 2014 (dry season) event, consistent with seasonal and regional hydrologic influences. Values ranged from 39,988 to 52,900 µS/cm (25.7 to 35.1) during the fall and from 52,863 to 59,613 µS/cm (35.0 to 39.9) during the spring (Table 4.2-9 and 4.2-10). BB4, however, had lower specific conductance than BB2 and BB3 (P=0.0005) during the Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-8), and BB3 (P=0.0047) during the Pre-Uprate. As BB4 is located in a different basin, Barnes Sound, further south than the other three transects, these consistent observations may be attributable to the hydrologic and hydrodynamic conditions of the basin, i.e., freshwater terrestrial runoff and longer residence time of water.

Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Oxidation-Reduction Potential and Turbidity Although seasonal differences were observed in the DO, pH, and ORP levels, these differences were not significant and the patterns were consistent seasonally for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate. DO levels were slightly lower in the fall (4.9 to 6.2 mg/L) compared to the spring (5.3 mg/L to 6.3 mg/L) during Post-Uprate monitoring (Table 4.2-11), similar to the patterns observed for pH (Table 4.2-12). ORP values were higher in the fall (40.3 mV to 113.8 mV) compared to the spring (13.1 mV to 85.5 mV) (Table 4.2-13).

Water clarity has been high, as reflected by the very low turbidity values for both the Pre-Uprate (FPL 2012) and the Post-Uprate (Table 4.2-14) at all sites. The only values above 0.0 NTU recorded during Post-Uprate monitoring occurred on Transect a in Area BB3 during the spring 2014, and the mean bottom value for that transect was only 1.4 NTU.

4.2.2.2 Porewater Quality Average porewater temperatures differed 2ºC to 5ºC between seasons (29.2°C to 31.5°C in fall 2013, to 27.2°C to 27.5°C in spring 2014) (Table 4.2-15), tracking values from the overlying surface water. Porewater temperatures during the fall 2013 and spring 2014 sampling events differed in range from -2.6°C to 1.0°C during the fall and from -1.4°C to 0.6°C during the spring compared with corresponding bottom water column temperatures (Table 4.2-16).

All Post-Uprate porewater temperatures were within the range of values observed during the Pre-Uprate. Average porewater temperatures among BB1, BB2, and BB3 were very similar (<0.5ºC difference) for both the Pre-and Post-Uprate. Mean values at the reference site BB4, however, were higher compared to the other transects in the Post-Uprate (fall: 1.3ºC, spring: 0.3ºC). This reference site is located farthest from the CCS in Barnes Sound and has very different sediment characteristics (i.e., silty) compared to the other three areas which were more open, hardbottom habitats. The sediment characteristics as well as lower hydrologic exchange in Barnes Sound may contribute to the differences observed at BB4.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-16 There was little contrast in seasonal differences between porewater temperature and the overlying water between Pre-and Post-Uprate monitoring, particularly within those areas closest to the CCS (Table 4.2-17). These overall findings, coupled with a strong positive correlation (R=0.77) between bottom water column temperature and porewater temperature (p<0.0001; Table 4.2-18), suggest that temperatures in the overlying water column are likely the primary driver of porewater temperatures.

A comparison of Pre-and Post-Uprate bottom water specific conductance showed that the rank order of areas was always fairly consistent over the last four years; the freshest site was BB4, followed by BB1, BB2, and BB3 (Table 4.2-11). Average values in BB1 were similar to BB4 and BB2 for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate; values observed in BB1 are consistent with the automated data from TPBBSW-10 in Biscayne Bay (Figure 2.2-7) and of the area in general.

During the fall 2013 sampling event, porewater specific conductance ranged from 46,963 to 52,550 µS/cm and during the spring 2014 event, from 49,550 to 57,825 µS/cm (Table 4.2-19);

these patterns are seasonally consistent with observations from the Pre-Uprate and with the automated data from the surface water Biscayne Bay probes (see Section 2). In fall 2013, porewater specific conductance was higher than the bottom water column values at BB1 and BB4, while only slight differences (<1%) were found in the other two areas (Table 4.2-20).

During the spring 2014 sampling event, mean porewater specific conductance was lower than the corresponding bottom water column value in all four study areas, with the largest mean difference (3181 µS/cm) found in the reference area (BB4). This indicates that there were considerable seasonal differences in the relationship of bottom water column and porewater specific conductance Post-Uprate, likely caused by the insular effects of sediments. There was a strong positive correlation (R=0.84) between bottom water column and porewater mean specific conductance within all areas (p<0.0001; Table 4.2-18) and the similarity of surface and bottom water column conductance values suggests that porewater specific conductance is largely influenced by conditions in the overlying water column.

Chloride concentrations ranged from an average of 18,900 mg/L to 22,250 mg/L during Post-Uprate period. These data overlapped with the values observed during the Pre-Uprate. Most of the areas had similar chloride values for the Pre-and the Post-Uprate with the exception of BB4, which had slightly lower values (Table 4.2-8). Similarly, there were no significant sodium differences among areas during either the Pre-or the Post-Uprate sampling periods (Table 4.2-8) and no significant changes within any study area following the Uprate (Table 4.2-7).

Porewater nutrient results for fall 2013 and spring 2014 are presented in Table 4.2-21 and comparisons between Pre-and Post-Uprate values are presented in Table 4.2-22. There were no differences in TN and TP concentrations between the Pre-and Post-Uprate, although the nitrogen speciation patterns did differ slightly; more ammonia was observed in the Post-Uprate relative to the Pre-Uprate. Tritium values were not available for either the fall or spring Post-Uprate events.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-17 4.2.2.2 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Study Area Characterization Study Area BB1 can generally be described as embayment-like and is somewhat more sheltered than the other study areas, as portions are located west of the Arsenicker Islands and south of the Turkey Point peninsula (Figure 4.2-1). It is also the shallowest of the study areas (Table 4.2-3).

Transects within this area had sparse to moderate macrophyte coverage throughout for both the Pre-and the Post-Uprate. Turtle grass, Thalassia testudinum, was present in 97% of quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events (Table 4.2-23). Shoal grass, Halodule wrightii, was also present but much less widespread, and bottom coverage never exceeded 5%.

The nearshore transects in BB2 had many open areas, with drift algae, gorgonians, sponges, and sparse seagrass. Shoal grass was present in about 33% of the quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events, and was most abundant along the nearshore transect but coverage never exceeded 5%. Turtle grass coverage in BB2 was greater in the fall 2013 (36% of all quadrats), than in the following spring (25% of all quadrats).

Area BB3 is the deepest of the four study areas (mean depth 2.8 m; Table 4.2-3). Turtle grass occurred in about 73% of the quadrats during fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-23). Shoal grass was largely absent, occurring in just a few quadrats along the transect farthest from shore.

Both BB4 transects were composed of silty substrates, with rubble and small corals scattered throughout. Turtle grass was present in about 90% of the quadrats during the fall 2013 and the spring 2014 sampling events (Table 4.2-23), while shoal grass was largely absent during both events.

Although seagrasses were widely observed, they occurred primarily in sparse or sparse to moderate assemblages around the sampling points used for this study. For the fall 2013 sampling event, Areas BB2 and BB4 had the highest percentage of observations of sparse seagrass (87.5%

and 93.8%, respectively) and, conversely, the lowest percentages of sparse to moderate coverage (12.5% and 6.3%, respectively); no points were scored as moderate to dense (Table 4.2-24).

Area BB1 was the only area where seagrass was characterized as moderate to dense during the fall 2013 monitoring event (12.5%). For the spring 2014 sampling event, Areas BB2 and BB3 had the highest percentage of points scored as sparse (87.5% and 81.3%, respectively). Areas BB1 and BB4 had 25% and 31.3%, respectively, scored as sparse to moderate coverage, and again, BB1 was the only area where moderate to dense seagrass was present (12.5%).

Calcareous algae was ubiquitous throughout the project area, with all areas listed as having either a few or many present (Table 4.2-24). During the fall 2013 sampling event, 68.8% to 100% of survey points within the study area were characterized as having many calcareous algae present.

Similar results were obtained during the spring 2014 event, although a smaller percentage of points were classified as having many present.

Drift algae was present in all areas for both fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-24). Batophora was widespread in all areas and ranged from sparse to moderate/dense coverage. Overall, the

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-18 fall 2013 event had more Batophora present in the survey areas than the spring 2014 sampling event, with Areas BB1 and BB2 having the highest percentage of moderate to dense coverage.

Sponges were prevalent in all of the areas, with most points having either a few or many present.

Gorgonians (soft corals) occurred less frequently and were completely absent for all points in areas BB1 and BB4. Stony corals were found in all areas, but less frequently in BB1 than the other three areas. The relative abundance of both stony and soft corals within the study area relates largely to the amount of exposed hardbottom present. Those areas with relatively large amounts of unconsolidated sediments, such as Area BB1, have fewer corals than areas where exposed hardbottom is more expansive.

Macrophyte Coverage and Chemistry Average total macrophyte (seagrass and macroalgae) cover ranged between 5% and 50% in fall 2013 and spring 2014 (Table 4.2-25). BBCA values at BB1, BB2, and BB4 did not differ significantly across the landscape in the last year, but BB3 was slightly lower compared to the other three areas (Table 4.2-5). Within each area, there were no differences in BB1 and BB2 between the Pre-and Post-Uprate; BB3, however, showed a decrease during the Post-Uprate relative to the Pre-Uprate. At the same time, BB4 showed an increase from the Pre-Uprate to the Post-Uprate. The lowered BBCA values in BB3 and increased values in BB4 are attributable to the Post-Uprate macroalgae cover at these area (Table 4.2-25), driven by changes in drift macroalgae cover (Table 4.2-24). Drift macroalgae cover can be highly variable as the algae are not attached and can be moved by prevailing winds and tides. These conditions can be greatly influenced depending on the wind conditions and tidal cycles before and during the sampling event.

A better assessment of the Pre-and Post-Uprate conditions is a comparison of the attached seagrass community. During the Post-Uprate, seagrass cover did not differ among sites in the fall, but in the spring, BBCA values were slightly lower for most of the areas (Table 4.2-25).

These differences are attributable to the phonological growth patterns of the seagrassess as a function of the growing season; the fall 2013 sampling captures cover at the end of the growing season, while the seagrasses during spring 2014 sampling were just starting to grow back after the winter die-off. Depending on the site-specific conditions, the seagrasses may grow back slower in some areas than in others.

A comparison of the Pre-and Post-Uprate seagrass cover showed that BBCA values did not differ between the Pre-and the Post-Uprate, although there were differences among areas. Area BB1 had the highest cover, followed by BB3, BB4, and BB2 and these patterns were consistent over the monitoring period, indicating fairly stable conditions over the last four years. The SAV conditions observed are typical of those reported elsewhere in South Florida.

The seagrass cover in the study areas was primarily a consequence of Thalassia cover. Robblee and Browder (2007) found Thalassia generally to be the most abundant seagrass present at their monitoring locations in both Biscayne Bay and Florida Bay (frequency of occurrence 80% to 98%). High cover and low-standing crop of seagrass is typical of Biscayne Bay and has been

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-19 attributed to the shallow depth of sediments. As the Thalassia rhizosphere typically extends 25 to 40 cm into the substrate (Enriquez et al. 2001; Robblee and Browder 2007), this grass cannot effectively colonize and grow in areas where only a thin veneer of substrate exists over the hardbottom. A positive correlation (R=0.79; P < 0.0001) was observed between seagrass BBCA scores and sediment depth across all areas (Table 4.2-17), suggesting that seagrass coverage within the study area was largely based on the availability of suitable substrate for colonization and growth.

Leaf nutrients were collected at two points per transect during the fall 2013; transect averages are presented in Table 4.2-27. Leaf TN, TC, 13C, and 15N values were all within expected values for seagrasses (Fourqurean and Zieman 2002). Mean values for TN and TC were higher at BB1 and decreased towards the south, while TP was highest at BB4 and lowest at BB1.

Consequently, N:P ratios were higher in the north relative to the south, indicating a greater N-limitation in BB4 relative to BB1. As the TN and 15N values are positively correlated, this indicates that higher nitrogen concentrations are probably contributing to the higher 15N observed. The patterns among the areas do not clearly indicate any CCS influence on the seagrass community, but rather the regional landscape hydrology and anthropogenic management influences.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 TABLES

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-21 Table 4.1-1. Data and Samples Collected in August and November 2013 and in February and May 2014 Measurements August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Measure herbaceous plants in 1x1m subplots X

X X

X Measure woody plants in 5x5m subplots X

Collect herbaceous leaf samples for mass and nutrient analysis X

X Collect woody leaf samples for mass and nutrient analysis X

Estimate herbaceous plant cover in 1x1m subplots X

X X

X Estimate woody plant cover in 5x5m subplots X

Collect porewater samples for nutrient analysis X

X Collect porewater samples for tracer suite analysis X

X X

X Key:

cm = centimeter(s).

m = meter(s).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-22 Table 4.1-2. Plot Location, Community Description, Dominant Vegetation in Subplots in 2013 -2014 Location North East Plot (decimal degrees)

Set Up (meters)

Transect Plot Latitude Longitude Community Herbaceous Dominant Species Woody Dominant Species 1 x 1m 5 x 5m F1 1

25.43503

-80.34692 Marsh/Mangrove Cladium jamaicense Rhizophora mangle Y

Y F1 2

25.44027

-80.34042 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense R. mangle Y

Y F2 1

25.4331

-80.35403 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F2 2

25.43286

-80.35864 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense R. mangle Y

Y F2 3

25.43328

-80.36346 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 1

25.4084

-80.36248 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 2

25.40815

-80.36722 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F3 3

25.40806

-80.37231 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 1

25.38657

-80.37074 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 2

25.38669

-80.37492 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F4 3

25.38655

-80.37908 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F5 1

25.3557

-80.36692 Scrub mangrove Distichlis spicata Laguncularia racemosa Y

Y R. mangle

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-23 Table 4.1-2. Plot Location, Community Description, Dominant Vegetation in Subplots in 2013 -2014 Location North East Plot (decimal degrees)

Set Up (meters)

Transect Plot Latitude Longitude Community Herbaceous Dominant Species Woody Dominant Species 1 x 1m 5 x 5m F5 2

25.35304

-80.356 Scrub mangrove D. spicata R. mangle Y

Y Juncus roemerianus F6 1

25.35469

-80.43848 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F6 2

25.34966

-80.43619 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense None Y

N F6 3

25.34413

-80.43097 Freshwater marsh C. jamaicense C. erectus Y

N M1 1

25.44296

-80.33598 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M1 2

25.44716

-80.33269 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M2 1

25.40535

-80.3307 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M2 2

25.40521

-80.3299 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M3 1

25.38628

-80.33083 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M3 2

25.3845

-80.32794 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M4 1

25.3563

-80.33138 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M4 2

25.35468

-80.32911 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M5 1

25.35186

-80.35543 Scrub mangrove D. spicata R. mangle Y

Y Avicennia germinans M5 2

25.34507

-80.33381 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle Y

Y M6 1

25.29448

-80.39633 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y M6 2

25.29305

-80.39538 Scrub mangrove None R. mangle N

Y Note:

NE = Location is at northeast corner of plot.

Key:

m = Meter(s).

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-24 Table 4.1-3. Species and Individuals Counted in Subplots for Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity Calculations in November 2013 Community Type

• Plot Species Present

1. of Individuals Marsh F2-1 C. jamaicense 77 E. cellulosa 17 F2-2 C. jamaicense 38 E. cellulosa 38 R. mangle 2

F2-3 C. jamaicense 66 E. cellulosa 4

F3-1 C. jamaicense 34 E. cellulosa 35 F3-2 C. jamaicense 37 Aster spp.

1 M. scandens 1

F3-3 C. jamaicense 33 E. cellulosa 84 F4-1 C. jamaicense 155 F4-2 C. jamaicense 44 F4-3 C. jamaicense 41 F6-1 C. jamaicense 37 F6-2 C. jamaicense 38 F6-3 C. jamaicense 53 Brackish Marsh-Mangrove F1-1 C. jamaicense 56 R. mangle 32 F1-2 C. jamaicense 62 R. mangle 11 C. erectus 1

F5-1 R. mangle 45 L. racemosa 58 C. erectus 5

F5-2 D. spicata 28 J. romerianus 8

B. frutescens 5

R. mangle 169 Mangrove M1-1 R. mangle 269 M1-2 R. mangle 116 L. racemosa 4

M2-1 R. mangle 14 M2-2 R. mangle 464

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-25 Table 4.1-3. Species and Individuals Counted in Subplots for Shannon-Wiener Index of Diversity Calculations in November 2013 Community Type

• Plot Species Present

1. of Individuals Mangrove M3-1 R. mangle 74 M3-2 R. mangle 47 M4-1 R. mangle 73 A. germinans 1

M4-2 R. mangle 64 A. germinans 1

M5-1 D. spicata 24 R. mangle 189 A. germinans 15 L. racemosa 4

M5-2 R. mangle 38 M6-1 R. mangle 24 M6-2 R. mangle 31 Note:

• In the marsh plots, all plants were counted in the northeast 1x1 (1 m2) subplot; similarly the northeast 5x5 (25 m2) was counted for the mangrove plots.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-26 Table 4.1-4. Pre-Uprate and Post-Uprate Shannon-Wiener Index Calculated Values for Plots and Transects Location Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate August 2011 August 2012 November 2013 Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Shannon Wiener Index Species Evenness Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

0.603 0.532 0.870 0.484 0.530 0.541 0.764 0.492 0.288 0.580 0.946 0.837 2

0.442 0.403 0.510 0.464 0.206 0.446 F2 1

0.128 0.670 0.185 0.609 0.113 0.192 0.162 0.175 0.473 0.601 0.682 0.547 2

0.195 0.281 0.506 0.461 0.701 0.723 3

0.215 0.310 0.000 N/A 0.219 0.316 F3 1

0.670 0.762 0.966 0.694 0.130 0.243 0.187 0.221 0.693 0.742 1.000 0.535 2

0.271 0.391 0.239 0.345 0.026 0.024 3

0.518 0.747 0.325 0.469 0.595 0.858 F4 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A 3

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A F5 1

0.512 1.151 0.739 0.715 0.766 1.169 0.697 0.653 0.476 1.014 0.765 0.566 2

0.837 0.604 0.943 0.680 0.482 0.474 F6 1

0.000 0.458 0.000 0.661 0.000 0.460 N/A 0.664 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.682 0.984 0.687 0.991 0.000 N/A 3

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M1 1

0.000 0.011 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.076 N/A 0.109 0.000 0.057 N/A 0.083 2

0.040 0.057 0.255 0.369 0.113 0.211 M2 1

0.000 0.115 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.116 N/A 0.168 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.120 0.174 0.122 0.176 0.000 N/A M3 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M4 1

0.000 0.060 0.000 0.013 0.063 0.070 0.091 0.101 0.058 0.075 0.103 0.109 2

0.074 0.563 0.079 0.115 0.064 0.115 M5 1

0.314 0.290 0.453 0.049 0.577 0.530 0.416 0.383 0.482 0.584 0.468 0.421 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A M6 1

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 0.000 0.000 N/A N/A 2

0.000 0.000 0.000 N/A 0.000 N/A Key:

N/A = Not applilcable.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-27 Table 4.1-5. Average Sawgrass Coverage per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Average Location Percent (%) Cover Pre-Uprate Average August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

2 - 5 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 F2 1

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

6 - 25 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2 - 5 6 - 25 2 - 5 2 - 5 F3 1

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2-5 2 - 5 2 - 5 6 - 25 F4 1

6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 6 - 25 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 F6 1

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 6 - 25 2-5 2

2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 2 - 5 3

6 - 25 2 - 5 6 - 25 6 - 25 2 - 5 Key:

% = Percent.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-28 Table 4.1-6. Average Sawgrass Height per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location Average Height +/- Standard Error (cm)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

84.9 - 100 93.8 - 107.8 83.53 2.88 87.21 1.78 81.35 2.46 88.36 1.80 80.94 2.06 86.47 1.71 80.63 1.99 86.79 1.52 2

100 - 114.5 89.72 2.23 97.01 2.23 93.29 2.63 94.27 1.97 F2 1

80.6 - 96.3 75.5 - 90.3 76.74 1.08 74.26 0.81 76.91 0.97 73.43 0.89 74.55 1.39 71.15 1.15 70.75 1.23 67.47 0.95 2

73.5 - 89.6 74.99 1.66 74.92 2.28 73.53 3.09 69.38 2.32 3

67.6 - 80.4 69.77 1.49 66.71 1.50 63.71 1.65 60.67 1.43 F3 1

58.2 - 64.9 67.7 - 78.3 65.48 1.37 72.39 1.17 63.57 1.39 70.16 1.15 58.21 1.80 63.50 1.24 53.10 1.60 58.68 1.19 2

61.7 - 73 67.78 1.40 66.44 1.65 60.43 2.01 53.18 1.78 3

79.8 - 101.6 81.53 2.14 80.38 2.15 71.76 2.20 69.66 2.05 F4 1

103.1 - 123.9 80.9 - 96.3 97.88 2.19 82.38 1.43 99.83 2.04 84.87 1.52 96.16 2.07 81.37 1.53 93.91 1.87 76.55 1.59 2

62.1 - 79.9 67.11 1.24 66.45 1.59 63.47 1.73 57.93 1.91 3

73.9 - 89.1 75.07 1.33 74.61 1.79 70.93 1.73 61.91 1.84 F6 1

76.3 - 99.3 70.5 - 89.9 82.36 1.71 74.72 0.97 88.36 1.73 81.01 0.98 85.20 2.07 78.54 1.24 78.83 2.60 72.37 1.24 2

66.6 - 87 74.12 1.21 80.58 1.54 79.66 2.27 71.80 2.03 3

67.3 - 81.5 67.01 1.40 74.20 1.31 70.88 1.65 66.67 1.39 Key:

cm = Centimeters.

SE= Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-29 Table 4.1-7. Live and Total Sawgrass Biomass Equations for Post-Uprate Events Season Model R2 p-Value N

Total Biomass Equations November 2013 Total Biomass = -1.22987 + 2.55800 (Cdb2)2 +

0.03882 (NoLL)2 + 0.0002949 (LLL)2 0.8286

<0.0001 168 May 2014 Total Biomass = -0.46210 + 2.63119 (cdb1)2 +

0.0003069 (LLL)2 0.8722

<0.0001 168 Live Biomass Equations November 2013 Live Biomass = -1.53848 + 1.18027 (Cdb1) +

0.71527 (Cdb2)2 + 0.04703 (NoLL)2 + 0.0002064 (LLL)2 0.8785

<0.01 168 May 2014 Live Biomass = -2.45943 + 2.31954 (cdb2) +

0.37373 (NoLL) + 0.0001897 (LLL)2 0.8158

<0.01 168 Key:

Cdb1 = Culm diameter at base 1.

Cdb2 = Culm diameter at base 2.

LLL = Longest live leaf.

NoLL = Number of live leaves.

N = Sample size.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-30 Table 4.1-8. Average Sawgrass Live Biomass per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Events with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sawgrass Live Biomass (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

66.7 - 145.2 104.8 - 167.7 117.7 26.7 151.3 18.9 135.8 37.5 141.7 20.1 128.1 34.0 145.4 18.9 150.1 20.5 176.52 17.70 2

142.9 - 190.2 184.9 14.2 147.6 21.5 162.7 17.5 202.9 24.0 F2 1

112.7 - 208.8 69.1 - 122.2 130.4 15.8 75.8 12.9 151.3 20.4 90.7 15.1 126.6 15.8 80.6 11.2 135.1 17.0 88.86 11.67 2

42.3 - 74.3 46.6 8.4 54.9 9.5 56.5 6.8 56.9 4.4 3

52.4 - 83.5 50.3 4.0 65.9 11.5 58.6 5.6 74.6 8.2 F3 1

29.2 - 43.3 53.1 - 79.4 38.0 5.9 58.4 6.9 39.5 4.9 61.4 6.1 44.5 2.8 51.9 4.5 42.2 4.8 60.39 7.35 2

43.4 - 60.3 50.9 8.4 61.1 5.2 42.8 6.4 45.6 4.4 3

78.5 - 141.9 86.2 1.7 83.5 6.0 68.5 6.0 93.3 2.8 F4 1

184.9 - 275.5 94.7 - 147.8 264.4 71.6 125.6 36.9 320.9 85.6 146.0 45.6 234.0 30.1 115.0 27.0 268.4 26.4 127.48 31.26 2

41.3 - 70.8 47.7 5.8 50.7 10.2 54.2 6.4 61.2 9.3 3

57.9 - 97.7 64.7 11.3 66.4 9.2 56.7 2.5 52.9 4.3 F6 1

48.7 - 98 50.8 - 92.1 49.4 10.6 52.5 4.5 63.6 14.8 60.7 7.0 75.4 24.5 65.0 9.7 94.1 25.4 72.39 11.12 2

36 - 84.8 54.9 8.8 54.6 10.4 48.4 7.6 50.2 13.3 3

62.6 - 100.8 53.2 5.7 64.0 13.9 71.3 15.4 72.9 14.7 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-31 Table 4.1-9. Average Sawgrass Total Biomass per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Events with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sawgrass Total Biomass (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

87.6 - 262.8 131.2 - 314.1 164.1 35.2 209.3 24.7 189.3 54.8 198.0 29.0 201.0 55.8 230.0 30.8 231.7 36.3 279.2 30.0 2

174.8 - 396.7 254.6 15.7 206.8 29.4 259.0 27.3 326.7 37.2 F2 1

203 - 306.9 116.5 - 199.7 169.9 23.5 99.7 17.1 197.3 29.5 119.3 19.7 213.3 22.2 129.1 19.6 224.2 31.5 141.5 20.4 2

65.6 - 166.6 61.8 12.5 73.2 11.3 86.4 10.4 93.4 8.9 3

80.8 - 157.9 67.4 7.2 87.4 13.5 87.5 7.4 106.9 6.8 F3 1

32.7 - 104.1 75.0 - 169.0 49.3 8.5 78.0 9.8 51.2 6.3 82.5 9.2 67.7 5.1 87.4 9.9 59.3 4.5 91.4 12.6 2

50 - 138.2 65.7 9.7 80.5 9.4 69.3 12.5 68.9 13.2 3

142.4 - 285.2 118.9 4.4 116.0 9.6 125.1 13.4 146.1 6.2 F4 1

287.6 - 661.8 142.8 - 325.9 363.1 100.0 170.6 51.3 448.3 116.9 201.5 63.6 392.3 48.7 191.0 45.5 428.9 33.3 206.9 48.6 2

59.3 - 161.7 60.9 6.1 68.4 14.5 83.3 8.3 92.9 15.0 3

81.5 - 206 87.7 15.6 87.9 13.6 97.6 4.3 99.0 5.3 F6 1

84.4 - 219.2 65.6 - 228.4 67.3 13.9 71.8 6.4 87.7 19.6 81.8 9.5 140.9 44.3 117.1 16.7 155.8 39.1 126.4 17.6 2

51.9 - 205.8 74.5 13.9 70.5 13.8 95.2 15.2 92.3 22.6 3

60.5 - 258 73.7 7.1 87.3 18.8 115.3 23.1 131.1 26.0 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-32 Table 4.1-10. Sawgrass Productivity for 6-Month Interval of October/November to May during the Pre-and Post-Uprate Periods Location Sawgrass Productivity (g/m2/6 months)

Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate Transect Plot October 2010 - May 2011 November 2011 - May 2012 November 2013 - May 2014 F1 1

49.72 183.38 115.62 2

97.99 162.91 174.07 F2 1

55.57 105.25 84.31 2

25.05 43.40 37.18 3

22.15 47.90 53.76 F3 1

16.34 22.81 29.92 2

16.71 40.96 15.84 3

36.85 64.66 66.55 F4 1

50.44 220.66 107.43 2

10.84 27.32 53.68 3

22.90 39.14 31.97 F6 1

51.30 42.82 129.19 2

52.44 25.74 40.11 3

65.93 47.73 68.19 Key:

g/m2 = Grams per square meter.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-33 Table 4.1-11. Sawgrass Leaf Sclerophylly per Plot and Transect for Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location Sclerophylly (g/m2)

Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

101.2 - 166.8 126.1 - 155.5 170.3 6.7 163.3 6.9 196.1 13.4 206.4 9.0 F1 2

132.0 - 147 156.4 12.1 216.6 12.0 F2 1

123.2 - 230.9 137.6 - 179.7 175.6 4.2 191.9 7.8 261.2 13.3 235.7 7.3 F2 2

133.2 - 235.1 202.3 10.6 236.6 8.7 F2 3

125.9 - 215.3 197.7 20.3 209.2 11.4 F3 1

128.6 - 174.8 130 - 178 222.6 11.5 218.7 7.3 130.0 9.9 177.3 9.1 F3 2

134.0 - 179.8 200.2 6.8 183.0 11.3 F3 3

121.7 - 199.1 233.3 16.5 219.0 14.1 F4 1

142.4 - 171.0 146.1 - 163.9 149.6 9.2 145.8 4.3 228.2 16.2 227.2 8.0 F4 2

148 - 183.2 138.5 5.8 205.0 13.6 F4 3

153.0 - 186.7 149.3 7.1 248.3 8.6 F6 1

118.7 - 170.0 125.1 - 142.1 210.8 9.3 208.1 5.1 205.8 8.5 198.1 6.9 F6 2

129.2 - 160.7 206.6 6.7 189.5 15.8 F6 3

118.9 - 163.5 206.8 10.6 199.0 11.3 Key:

g = Grams.

m2 = Square Meters.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-34 Table 4.1-12. Average Leaf Carbon for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range Location C. jamaicense Total Carbon (mg/kg)

Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

441033 - 499000 452371 - 501143 478000 1000 478250 1264 449000 3342 453750 3261 2

460875 - 502750 478500 2533 458500 4839 F2 1

458275 - 507000 458367 - 503000 468000 3629 468833 2135 460500 3594 460917 2360 2

456450 - 498840 465750 5023 464750 2839 3

460375 - 503750 472750 1797 457500 5605 F3 1

453150 - 513174 449917 - 507079 464250 4404 467000 2153 458750 2496 458250 1280 2

436000 - 505443 470750 3591 460750 2175 3

452000 - 501134 466000 3342 455250 1377 F4 1

438725 - 489974 449909 - 487403 472500 4873 478167 2760 463000 4223 471333 2638 2

456250 - 486780 479500 5560 473250 1887 3

451000 - 485454 482500 3403 477750 4131 F6 1

470025 - 512279 457867 - 510524 475250 3568 472083 3049 463750 3794 466250 2104 2

467325 - 508211 478500 5795 468000 4416 3

436250 - 511270 462500 2872 467000 3391 Key:

Mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-35 Table 4.1-13. Average Leaf Total Nitrogen for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Total Nitrogen (mg/kg)

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

5233 - 9701 4771 - 10286 7250 250 6500 327 8500 645 8625 420 2

4425 - 10750 5750 250 8750 629 F2 1

6725 - 11000 7175 - 11083 6250 479 6250 179 8500 289 8250 179 2

8750 - 10500 6000 0

8250 250 3

6050 - 11750 6500 289 8000 408 F3 1

6625 - 9250 6308 - 8423 6000 0

5917 149 7500 500 7583 288 2

5975 - 8476 6000 408 7250 629 3

6325 - 9185 5750 250 8000 408 F4 1

7725 - 8250 6763 - 8746 5750 479 5750 218 8500 645 7917 313 2

5800 - 8987 5750 479 7500 289 3

8000 - 9139 5750 250 7750 629 F6 1

6000 - 10500 5283 - 10917 6000 408 6500 337 7750 479 8167 271 2

5225 - 12000 5750 250 8750 250 3

4625 - 10250 7750 479 8000 577 Key:

Mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-36 Table 4.1-14. Average Leaf Total Phosphorous for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect During the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Total Phosphorous (mg/kg)

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

213 - 247 194 - 241 144 12 136 7.5 296 37 304 22 2

180 - 248 127 9

313 30 F2 1

175 - 228 143 - 230 163 14 164 6.9 232 6

239 7

2 160 - 203 164 11 237 17 3

93 - 260 167 15 249 13 F3 1

148 - 195 147 - 225 120 6

134 7.4 190 6

199 9

2 163 - 220 120 7

175 13 3

123 - 273 164 9

234 10 F4 1

225 - 300 181 - 234 117 30 147 12.1 319 8

272 11 2

93 - 218 156 13 244 8

3 208 - 240 169 5

252 11 F6 1

190 - 240 193 - 220 159 26 159 11.3 219 20 202 9

2 215 - 225 155 9

196 15 3

130 - 200 162 12 192 15 Key:

mg/kg = Milligrams per kilogram.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-37 Table 4.1-15. Average Leaf Carbon Isotopes for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Carbon Isotopes ()

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

-28.3 to -25.5

-27.2 to -25.6

-27.3 0.5

-27.3 0.3

-27.3 0.2

-27.0 0.2 2

-27.3 to -24.3

-27.3 0.4

-26.8 0.3 F2 1

-26.5 to -25.4

-26.7 to -25.4

-26.1 0.1

-26.4 0.1

-27.0 0.1

-27.0 0.1 2

-27.0 to -25.2

-26.3 0.2

-26.9 0.1 3

-26.8 to -25.6

-26.7 0.3

-27.1 0.2 F3 1

-26.5 to -25.2

-26.1 to -25.1

-26.5 0.2

-26.3 0.2

-26.7 0.1

-26.5 0.1 2

-26.0 to -25.1

-26.2 0.3

-26.6 0.1 3

-26.2 to -25.1

-26.1 0.3

-26.3 0.2 F4 1

-26.9 to -24.9

-26.5 to -25.0

-27.1 0.2

-26.6 0.1

-27.5 0.5

-27.4 0.2 2

-26.7 to -25.2

-26.3 0.1

-27.8 0.4 3

-26.3 to -25.4

-26.5 0.2

-26.9 0.3 F6 1

-26.7 to -24.8

-26.5 to -25.0

-26.3 0.3

-26.3 0.2

-27.6 0.2

-27.4 0.1 2

-26.3 to -24.9

-26.1 0.3

-27.0 0.1 3

-26.7 to -25.4

-26.5 0.2

-27.6 0.1 Key:

= Parts per mille.

SE = Standard Error.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-38 Table 4.1-16. Average Leaf Nitrogen Isotopes for Sawgrass per Plot and Transect during the Post-Uprate Period with Pre-Uprate Range C. jamaicense Nitrogen Isotopes ()

Location Pre-Uprate Range November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE F1 1

-3.38 to 2.44

-3.62 to 1.31

-0.83 0.62

-1.30 0.40

-0.80 0.29

-0.93 0.28 2

-3.79 to 0.53

-1.78 0.46

-1.05 0.53 F2 1

-3.2 to -0.45

-3.65 to -0.48

-2.50 0.74

-1.83 0.32

-2.70 0.38

-2.34 0.26 2

-4.63 to -0.98

-1.88 0.50

-2.90 0.31 3

-3.13 to 0.00

-1.13 0.17

-1.43 0.31 F3 1

-4.93 to -2.2

-4.55 to -1.39

-3.45 0.32

-3.11 0.29

-5.15 0.93

-3.79 0.49 2

-4.45 to -0.73

-2.78 0.60

-3.23 0.48 3

-4.28 to -0.79

-3.10 0.64

-3.00 0.77 F4 1

-5.01 to -0.18

-5.45 to -1.32

-2.60 0.42

-3.34 0.26

-1.60 0.64

-3.77 0.56 2

-5.88 to -2.40

-3.90 0.43

-5.75 0.35 3

-3.07 to -1.40

-3.53 0.31

-3.95 0.22 Key:

= Parts per mille.

SE = Standard Error.

r

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-39 Table 4.1-17. Sawgrass Leaf C:N Molar Ratio per Plot and Transect in November 2013 and May 2014 C. jamaicense C:N Molar Ratio Location November 2013 May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

77:1 86:1 62:1 61:1 2

97:1 61:1 F2 1

87:1 88:1 63:1 65:1 2

91:1 66:1 3

85:1 67:1 F3 1

90:1 92:1 71:1 71:1 2

92:1 74:1 3

95:1 66:1 F4 1

96:1 97:1 64:1 69:1 2

97:1 74:1 3

98:1 72:1 F6 1

92:1 85:1 70:1 67:1 2

97:1 62:1 3

70:1 68:1 Key:

C = Carbon.

N = Nitrogen.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-40 Table 4.1-18. Sawgrass Leaf N:P Molar Ratio per Plot and Transect in November 2013 and May 2014 C. jamaicense C:N Molar Ratio Location May 2014 Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect F1 1

111:1 106:1 64:1 63:1 2

100:1 62:1 F2 1

85:1 84:1 81:1 76:1 2

81:1 77:1 3

86:1 71:1 F3 1

111:1 98:1 88:1 84:1 2

111:1 92:1 3

78:1 76:1 F4 1

109:1 87:1 59:1 65:1 2

82:1 68:1 3

75:1 68:1 F6 1

83:1 91:1 78:1 89:1 2

82:1 99:1 3

106:1 92:1 Key:

N = Nitrogen.

P = Phosphorous.

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-41 Table 4.1-19. Average Specific Conductance (µS/cm) of Porewater at Each Site for Each Post-Uprate Quarter with Pre-Uprate Range Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE 1

2260.8 - 5230.9 2505.8 4036.5 3196.5 1543.9 258.4 1382.3 5.7 1458.5 145.1 1508.2 137.1 2

1320.4 - 2173 1518.0 2173.0 1914.6 1175.1 407.8 1537.9 21.5 1268.1 76.4 1733.7 116.9 1

908.0 - 2127.7 1031.1 N/A 1587.0 1074.2 240.0 1145.1 122.8 971.3 164.0 1163.2 80.3 2

1231 - 2362.2 1351.2 N/A 1695.1 1273.3 63.8 1432.3 37.8 1260.1 115.9 1481.8 60.1 3

2048 - 2722.6 2219.3 2622.9 2722.6 2236.0 138.7 2316.6 16.5 1826.9 116.9 2414.3 46.9 4

670.0 - 1180.8 670.0 N/A 883.3 N/A N/A 749.9 49.8 N/A N/A 887.4 53.0 1

1380.2 - 2105.1 1736.1 1637.7 1832.3 1341.8 58.2 1298.8 23.7 1191.0 7.0 1290.3 63.9 2

1559.1 - 2089.2 1631.1 1677.8 1902.6 1529.2 42.3 1498.0 72.1 1314.1 26.3 1502.9 22.5 3

2359.9 - 3214.6 2614.0 2455.4 2926.7 2201.0 74.8 2140.5 217.9 2082.3 121.2 1984.0 30.6 4

380.6 - 782.4 380.6 N/A 561.4 N/A N/A 702.5 64.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

758.0 - 965.6 858.1 925.3 758.0 697.5 28.8 858.4 6.0 873.2 68.8 1030.7 2.9 2

568.0 - 825.8 689.3 763.3 568.0 512.4 45.2 728.3 47.6 799.6 16.3 787.0 34.9 3

827.3 - 1012.2 978.3 961.4 844.1 789.6 30.9 943.2 82.1 1011.6 91.2 1053.6 72.6 4

1108.9 - 1719.9 1108.9 N/A 1472.7 N/A N/A 1103.5 59.3 N/A N/A 1013.8 N/A 1

19168.9 - 31996.6 22990.9 20357.9 23680.7 34647.6 301.1 44370.5 25.7 34810.5 22.5 38982.4 443.6 2

19903.9 - 65050.8 19982.1 46727.7 43307.8 54925.4 2860.2 50433.2 180.3 48482.0 606.6 67745.0 1709.5 1

888.5 - 1125.2 1027.2 990.4 1009.8 1005.7 15.4 1060.5 28.8 1034.0 48.8 1039.2 42.2 2

1070.3 - 1206.8 1095.0 1070.3 1130.8 1187.0 18.0 1230.0 11.7 1200.0 7.7 1213.7 1.4 3

2523.5 - 3293.6 2679.0 3293.6 3214.2 3199.7 372.3 2936.5 445.0 2578.5 160.3 3621.2 126.9 4

645.5 - 1218.6 691.1 N/A 953.6 N/A N/A 1120.4 242.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

40788.2 - 64315.3 47100.8 56588.7 55947.0 N/A N/A 42284.0 670.6 N/A N/A 47442.4 3794.9 2

46019.7 - 63884.7 47967.9 57895.9 54413.1 N/A N/A 46491.1 562.6 N/A N/A 54083.4 5423.1 1

43276.9 - 62516.0 52510.3 59849.2 55072.4 N/A N/A 49759.1 761.2 N/A N/A 54776.0 49.5 2

49553.4 - 64093.4 51861.8 62007.6 60647.8 N/A N/A 49810.8 970.6 N/A N/A 54022.1 125.3 1

45589.1 - 67367.6 52123.6 64201.4 57153.8 N/A N/A 44296.6 2824.3 N/A N/A 54147.0 1529.0 2

43649.9 - 64913.6 50966.7 61782.3 56391.4 N/A N/A 48499.3 337.0 N/A N/A 55514.8 2911.4 1

41543.2 - 79855.8 43344.8 78742.9 59997.0 N/A N/A 51665.7 1095.6 N/A N/A 67294.6 4403.4 2

46134.3 - 85880.5 46134.3 77557.8 68872.3 N/A N/A 48034.9 1637.2 N/A N/A 62224.8 625.0 1

44949.4 - 81750.9 51624.5 55111.7 61393.0 N/A N/A 47225.9 536.0 N/A N/A 63430.5 1078.3 2

41321.5 - 58485.8 41321.5 56294.5 54297.8 N/A N/A 49061.6 1048.3 N/A N/A 56922.2 1272.7 1

41186.5 - 51057.4 N/A 44079.0 46514.1 N/A N/A 42390.8 323.2 N/A N/A 47797.3 1007.2 2

44630.5 - 48738.8 N/A 47719.2 48296.7 N/A N/A 44969.5 375.0 N/A N/A 45635.3 398.1 Key:

µS = Microsiemens.

cm = Centimeters.

N/A = Not applicable.

August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Pre-Uprate Range Porewater Specific Conductance at 30 cm Depth (µS/cm) 86.6 1621.0 98.2 October 2010 May 2011 November 2011 Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate 169.9 F1 1359.5 224.0 1460.1 45.8 1363.3 1790.6 - 3666.8 1227.4 - 2622.9 2011.9 3104.7 2555.5 1486.7 218.7 F3 1690.7 167.1 1409.9 199.3 1529.1 179.3 1592.4 1436.9 - 2047.8 131.2 1317.9 1763.3 2622.9 1923.6 1722.0 1805.7 F2 1527.8 238.5 1411.0 219.4 1352.8 1958.0 528.0 21486.5 1373.0 29147.8 1784.7 F4 666.5 53.9 947.4 54.7 894.8 49.3 965.2 49.5 883.3 - 1243.1 908.6 883.3 1023.1 F6 1797.5 455.0 1586.8 310.6 1604.1 312.6 F5 44786.5 5970.3 47401.8 1751.7 41646.2 19413.9 - 48523.7 1282.1 - 1784.7 33494.3 1577.1 M1 N/A N/A 44387.6 1266.0 43403.9 - 64100.0 M2 N/A N/A 49784.9 503.8 55180.0 57860.1 46998 - 63304.7 47534.4 52186.0 57242.3 60928.4 N/A N/A M3 N/A N/A 46397.9 1679.4 N/A 44903.7 - 66140.6 44093.6 - 82868.1 51545.2 44739.5 62991.8 78150.3 56772.6 64434.6 224.5 M5 N/A N/A 48143.7 715.5 46473 - 70118.4 M6 N/A N/A 43680.2 771.4 42908.5 - 49898.1 57845.4 47405.4 46473.0 N/A 55900.2 45899.1 M4 N/A N/A 49850.3 1321.1 N/A 50762.9 3954.4 53363.7 8334.3 N/A N/A 46716.3 764.8 1998.4 N/A N/A 60176.4 N/A 54830.9 1399.4 64759.7 2332.1 3313.2 N/A N/A N/A 54399.0

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-42 Table 4.1-20. Average Specific Conductance (µS/cm) of Porewater at Each Site for Each Post-Uprate Quarter with Pre-Uprate Range Transect Plot Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot Transect Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE Plot SE Transect SE 1

23.2 - 30.6 27.8 30.6 24.8 30.0 0.1 26.3 0.1 25.9 0.1 28.1 0.2 2

20.0 - 31.7 29.5 31.7 27.3 29.1 0.2 26.4 0.1 24.6 0.1 26.5 0.0 1

22.6 - 29.6 27.8 N/A 25.0 28.8 0.0 26.3 0.5 22.3 0.2 28.5 0.4 2

22.3 - 28.6 27.3 N/A 25.7 28.5 0.1 24.0 0.1 21.6 0.1 27.3 0.3 3

22.8 - 29.0 26.9 29.0 25.1 28.7 0.0 24.2 0.2 22.9 0.3 26.7 0.2 4

22.3 - 30.0 22.3 N/A 25.5 N/A N/A 25.7 0.1 N/A N/A 28.0 0.4 1

22.8 - 28.8 27.4 26.9 23.8 30.0 0.0 26.0 0.1 25.0 0.2 27.6 0.2 2

23.0 - 30.1 26.5 29.0 25.0 29.9 0.1 26.7 0.2 25.1 0.2 27.9 0.2 3

22.7 - 32.6 26.7 32.6 26.1 29.7 0.2 26.4 0.3 24.8 0.3 26.3 0.3 4

23.1 - 28.7 23.1 N/A 24.1 N/A N/A 25.4 0.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

21.4 - 29.2 21.4 28.9 26.3 30.0 0.5 26.2 0.2 24.6 0.1 26.8 0.4 2

21.4 - 31.4 21.4 29.8 26.7 30.3 0.1 27.4 0.1 25.5 0.6 26.5 0.3 3

24.7 - 32.1 24.7 32.1 25.1 30.1 0.1 26.6 0.1 25.5 0.2 26.7 0.4 4

23.6 - 27.9 23.6 N/A 24.5 N/A N/A 25.8 0.2 N/A N/A 28.3 N/A 1

25.1 - 34.5 27.5 34.5 26.1 30.0 0.2 28.5 0.1 25.0 0.1 28.7 0.2 2

24.8 - 34.1 27.4 32.1 26.0 30.9 0.4 28.0 0.4 26.5 0.2 28.1 0.0 1

23.5 - 28.7 28.7 24.7 25.4 28.7 0.1 24.5 0.2 23.3 0.1 26.4 0.5 2

23.9 - 29.4 27.3 25.9 27.4 29.7 0.1 24.6 0.2 24.8 0.0 26.8 0.2 3

21.6 - 30.1 28.3 26.9 27.4 29.5 0.1 24.6 0.1 24.6 0.3 26.1 0.4 4

21.4 - 27.1 21.4 N/A 25.7 N/A N/A 23.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1

22.1 - 31.9 26.2 26.3 26.6 N/A N/A 25.1 0.3 N/A N/A 28.6 0.1 2

23.4 - 31.1 26.6 30.0 25.7 N/A N/A 26.5 0.0 N/A N/A 27.9 0.0 1

22.8 - 32.6 25.9 27.3 28.0 N/A N/A 26.8 0.3 N/A N/A 28.4 0.1 2

23.2 - 32.1 25.9 25.3 28.7 N/A N/A 27.2 0.0 N/A N/A 28.6 0.4 1

22.1 - 31.3 26.1 29.8 25.7 N/A N/A 27.0 0.2 N/A N/A 29.7 0.3 2

20.9 - 31.0 27.3 30.0 25.0 N/A N/A 26.9 0.2 N/A N/A 29.3 0.6 1

23.0 - 33.5 23.0 29.2 26.1 N/A N/A 27.5 0.3 N/A N/A 29.1 0.0 2

20.5 - 32.7 23.6 32.4 26.1 N/A N/A 27.4 0.5 N/A N/A 29.2 0.5 1

24.2 - 32.8 28.0 31.8 26.7 N/A N/A 27.1 0.2 N/A N/A 30.1 0.4 2

18.4 - 31.0 27.4 28.8 25.5 N/A N/A 26.5 0.2 N/A N/A 27.8 0.1 1

24.3 - 31.5 N/A 28.2 26.8 N/A N/A 27.5 0.0 N/A N/A 27.7 0.1 2

24.5 - 32.5 N/A 29.4 27.2 N/A N/A 27.9 0.2 N/A N/A 27.2 0.2 Key:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

cm = Centimeters.

N/A = Not applicable.

August 2013 November 2013 February 2014 May 2014 Pre-Uprate Range Porewater Temperature at 30 cm Depth (°C) 0.4 27.3 0.5 Pre-Uprate Post-Uprate October 2010 May 2011 November 2011 0.2 F1 29.5 0.3 26.3 0.1 25.2 21.8 - 31.1 22.9 - 29.3 28.7 31.1 26.0 27.6 0.3 F3 29.9 0.1 26.2 0.2 25.0 0.1 27.3 23.0 - 29.7 0.3 26.1 26.3 29.0 29.5 25.3 24.7 F2 28.6 0.1 25.1 0.4 22.3 26.4 0.2 27.4 26.4 33.7 25.8 F4 30.1 0.2 26.3 0.2 25.2 0.3 26.9 0.3 22.8 - 30.2 22.8 30.2 25.4 F6 29.3 0.2 24.2 0.2 24.2 0.3 F5 30.5 0.3 28.3 0.2 25.8 24.9 - 33.7 22.9 - 28.5 26.0 26.5 M1 N/A N/A 25.8 0.4 22.7 - 31.5 M2 N/A N/A 27.0 0.2 26.2 28.3 23.0 - 32.3 26.4 25.9 28.1 26.3 M4 N/A N/A 27.4 0.2 N/A N/A M3 N/A N/A 27.0 0.1 N/A 21.5 - 31.1 23.3 - 33.1 26.7 23.3 29.9 30.8 25.3 26.1 M5 N/A N/A 26.8 0.2 22.8 - 31.9 M6 N/A N/A 27.7 0.2 24.4 - 32.0 26.1 27.0 27.7 N/A 29.8 28.8 N/A 28.2 0.5 28.4 0.2 N/A N/A 27.5 0.2 0.7 N/A N/A 29.0 N/A 29.5 0.3 29.1 0.2 0.2 N/A N/A N/A 28.5 0.2

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-43 Table 4.1-21. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater August 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 29.98 29.06 28.77 28.48 28.69 30.02 29.94 29.66 pH SU Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1543.93 1175.11 1074.17 1273.25 2235.98 1341.78 1529.19 2201.01 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 132 73 88 87.2 103 125 139 268 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 184 107 146 195 433 227 281 496 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L Unionized NH3 mg/L Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N TKN mg/L TN mg/L ortho-Phosphate mg/L Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.9 J

0.6 J

0.4 J

0.7 J

1.2 J

0.7 J

0.8 J

1.1 J

Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

PW-F3-1 PW-F2-3 PW-F2-2 PW-F3-2 PW-F1-2 PW-F2-1 8/13/2013 8/9/2013 8/9/2013 8/13/2013 8/13/2013 8/7/2013 8/9/2013 PW-F1-1 PW-F3-3 8/7/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-44 Table 4.1-21. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater August 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 30.04 30.05 30.02 30.91 28.72 29.72 28.01 pH SU Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 697.5 789.57 34647.64 J

54925.39 1005.72 1186.95 3199.73 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 38.5 52.2 6690 10500 223 77 386 2.39 0.31 U

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 71.9 92.7 24900 J

20200 119 152 804 0.253 I

0.25 U

Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L Unionized NH3 mg/L Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N TKN mg/L TN mg/L ortho-Phosphate mg/L Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.3 J

0.4 J

22.4 J

37.1 0.5 J

0.6 J

1.7 J

Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

PW-EB1 PW-F6-3 PW-F6-2 PW-F6-1 PW-F5-2 8/13/2013 8/13/2013 8/12/2013 8/12/2013 PW-F5-1 PW-F4-3 8/13/2013 PW-F4-1 8/7/2013 8/8/2013 8/12/2013 8/8/2013 PW-FB1

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-45 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.29 26.36 26.33 26.33 24.24 25.75 pH SU 6.56 6.65 6.69 6.69 6.62 6.04 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1382.26 1537.93 1145.06 1432.31 2316.59 749.91 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 127 121 73.3 102 219 60 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 164 204 134 205 453 112 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 0.629 J

1.4 1.96 2.13 1.76 0.772 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 0.807 J

1.81 2.51 2.73 2.26 0.992 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00172 J

0.00478 0.00726 0.00789 0.00479 0.000616 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 2.18 J

2.77 2.7 3.28 3.15 2.26 TN mg/L 2.207 J

2.797 2.727 3.307 3.177 2.287 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0014 U

0.00246 I

0.0028 U J-0.0014 U J-0.00215 I J-0.00234 I V Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0023 I

0.0022 U

0.0316 0.0177 0.0136 0.0022 U

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.70 J

0.78 J

0.58 J

0.75 J

1.21 J

0.37 J

Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-F1-1 11/05/2013 PW-F1-2 PW-F2-1 PW-F2-4 PW-F2-3 PW-F2-2 11/12/2013 11/14/2013 11/14/2013 11/19/2013 11/08/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-46 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.05 26.75 26.43 25.42 26.24 27.36 26.58 25.48 pH SU 6.69 6.76 6.69 5.81 6.61 6.9 6.68 6.31 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 1298.82 1497.47 2140.47 702.46 858.43 728.3 943.17 1103.53 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 109 120 230 71.6 40.1 42.1 52.2 77.9 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 214 253 479 132 77.9 85.2 102 145 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 2.45 2.72 1.98 0.421 0.857 1.92 1.72 1.03 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 3.14 3.48 2.54 0.541 1.1 2.46 2.2 1.32 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.0089 0.0122 0.00739 0.000193 0.00263 0.0124 0.00634 0.0015 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 4.02 4.16 3.3 2.09 2.76 2.82 2.78 2.9 TN mg/L 4.047 4.187 3.327 2.117 2.787 2.847 2.807 2.927 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.00141 I V 0.0014 U

0.0014 U

0.00255 I V 0.00265 I V J 0.00194 I V 0.0014 U

0.00328 I V Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.00999 I

0.00623 I

0.00227 I

0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.00504 I

0.00545 I

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 0.66 J

0.76 J

1.11 J

0.35 J

0.43 J

0.36 J

0.48 J

0.55 J

Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

11/11/2013 PW-F4-1 PW-F3-4 11/12/2013 PW-F3-3 PW-F3-2 PW-F3-1 11/11/2013 11/11/2013 11/11/2013 PW-F4-2 PW-F4-4 PW-F4-3 11/12/2013 11/12/2013 11/12/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-47 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 28.96 28 24.47 24.64 24.63 23.21 25.14 26.48 pH SU 6.72 6.86 6.75 6.67 6.57 6.4 6.53 6.61 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 44370.52 50433.17 1060.5 1229.96 2936.48 1120.44 42284 46491.1 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 8550 9130 49.5 76 313 44 7950 9170 J

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 16600 18800 112 171 639 78.9 16300 18200 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 0.904 0.996 2.53 2.01 1.61 0.822 0.411 J

0.287 J

Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 1.16 1.27 3.24 2.58 2.07 1.06 0.527 J

0.368 J

Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.0043 0.00612 0.00944 0.00632 0.00402 0.00125 0.00097 J

0.00089 J

Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.027 U

0.0443 I

0.027 U

0.027 U J TKN mg/L 2.59 1.57 3.64 2.95 2.71 3.02 0.719 J

0.89 J

TN mg/L 2.617 1.597 3.667 2.977 2.737 3.0643 0.746 J

0.917 J

ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0014 U

0.0014 U

0.00233 I J-0.0014 U J-0.0014 U J-0.00478 I J-0.00656 I J 0.0206 J

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 29.16 33.69 0.54 J

0.62 J

1.55 J

0.56 J

27.59 30.70 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-F6-4 11/13/2013 PW-M1-1 11/05/2013 PW-M1-2 11/06/2013 PW-F6-2 11/13/2013 PW-F6-3 11/13/2013 11/13/2013 11/18/2013 11/18/2013 PW-F6-1 PW-F5-2 PW-F5-1

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-48 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 26.78 27.17 27.02 26.91 27.5 27.38 27.09 26.5 pH SU 6.83 6.55 7.04 6.91 6.88 6.59 6.85 6.84 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 49759.1 49810.8 44296.6 48499.3 48034.9 48034.9 47225.9 49061.6 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 9660 9330 8670 8960 J

10100 9490 J

8720 9530 Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 18800 19000 17200 17900 19500 18800 18000 19600 Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 1.02 0.406 J

0.529 0.756 J

0.834 1.1 J

0.495 0.894 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 1.31 0.521 J

0.675 0.967 J

1.07 1.41 J

0.633 1.14 Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00538 0.00054 J

0.00459 0.00483 J

0.00518 0.00349 J

0.00279 0.00473 Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U

0.0428 I

0.027 U

0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 1.45 0.916 J

1.2 1.59 J

1.65 2.37 J

1.37 1.38 TN mg/L 1.477 0.9588 J

1.227 1.617 J

1.677 2.397 J

1.397 1.407 ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.00625 I J 0.0242 J

0.00214 I

0.00245 I

0.0014 U

0.00625 I J 0.0014 U

0.0193 J

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U J Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 33.13 33.18 29.10 32.19 34.57 31.86 31.25 32.60 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-M5-1 11/18/2013 PW-M5-2 11/06/2013 PW-M3-2 11/20/2013 PW-M4-1 11/19/2013 PW-M4-2 11/06/2013 PW-M2-1 11/19/2013 PW-M2-2 11/20/2013 PW-M3-1 11/19/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-49 Table 4.1-22. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater November 2013 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 27.46 27.89 pH SU 6.49 6.46 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L Specific Conductance S/cm 42390.9 44969.6 Turbidity NTU Silica, dissolved mg/L Calcium mg/L Magnesium mg/L Potassium mg/L Sodium mg/L 7800 J

8300 J

1.28 0.31 U

Boron mg/L Strontium mg/L Bromide mg/L Chloride mg/L 16300 16800 0.25 U

0.25 U

Fluoride mg/L Sulfate mg/L Total Ammonia mg/L as N 2.22 J

2.41 J

0.236 0.273 Ammonium ion (NH4

+)

mg/L 2.85 J

3.09 J

Unionized NH3 mg/L 0.00562 J

0.00587 J

Nitrate/Nitrite mg/L as N 0.027 U J 0.027 U J 0.027 U

0.027 U

TKN mg/L 2.83 J-3.02 J

0.498 0.285 TN mg/L 2.857 J

3.047 J

ortho-Phosphate mg/L 0.0319 J

0.0344 J

0.00284 I

0.0014 U

Total Phosphorus (P) mg/L 0.00556 I J 0.0022 U J 0.0022 U

0.0022 U

Alkalinity mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 Sulfide mg/L Total Dissolved Solids mg/L Salinity 27.70 29.59 Tritium pCi/L (+/-1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 Salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

PW = Porewater.

g/L = Microgram(s) per liter.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

RPD = Relative Percent Difference.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

NH3 = Ammonia.

SU = Standard unit(s).

= sigma (Standard Deviation).

NH4

+ = Ammonium ion.

TKN = Total Kjeldahl nitrogen.

CaCO3 = Calcium carbonate.

NTU = Nephelometric Turbidity Units(s).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

I = Value between the MDL and PQL.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

V = Detected in method blank.

PW-M6-2 11/07/2013 PW-EB1 11/05/2013 PW-FB1 11/20/2013 PW-M6-1 11/07/2013

FPL Turkey Point Annual Post-Uprate Monitoring Report for Units 3 & 4 Uprate Project - August 2014 Section 4 4-50 Table 4.1-23. Marsh and Mangrove Analytical Porewater February 2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 25.9 24.6 22.3 21.6 22.9 25.0 25.1 24.8 Specific Conductance S/cm 1458 1268 971 1259 1826 1190 1314 2082 Sodium mg/L 162 125 77.9 95.7 189 110 124 245 Chloride mg/L 157 193 126 178 330 196 230 455 Salinity 0.74 J

0.64 J

0.49 J

0.64 J

0.94 J

0.60 J

0.67 J

1.01 J

Tritium pCi/L (1) 02/13/2014 02/13/2014 020414-PW-F1-1 020614-PW-F3-3 020614-PW-F3-2 02/04/2014 020414-PW-F1-2 021314-PW-F2-3 021314-PW-F2-2 021314-PW-F2-1 020614-PW-F3-1 02/13/2014 02/06/2014 02/06/2014 02/06/2014 02/04/2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C 24.6 25.6 25.5 25.0 26.5 23.3 24.8 24.6 Specific Conductance S/cm 873 799 1011 34810 48481 1033 1200 2578 Sodium mg/L 55.5 56.4 59.2 6910 10400 53.9 81.5 312 Chloride mg/L 119 110 126 12900 18700 116 167 560 Salinity 0.44 J

0.40 J

0.51 J

22.2 32.2 0.52 J

0.61 J

1.4 J

Tritium pCi/L (1) 02/12/2014 021114-PW-F5-2 021114-PW-F5-1 02/11/2014 020514-PW-F4-3 021214-PW-F6-1 021214-PW-F6-3 021214-PW-F6-2 020514-PW-F4-2 020514-PW-F4-1 02/11/2014 02/12/2014 02/12/2014 02/05/2014 02/05/2014 02/05/2014 Parameter Units Temperature

°C Specific Conductance S/cm Sodium mg/L 0.310 U

0.310 U

Chloride mg/L 0.250 U

0.250 U

Salinity Tritium pCi/L (1)

NOTES:

Laboratory anion and cation results are reported with 3 digits although only the first 2 are significant figures.

• PSS-78 salinity is unitless.

KEY:

°C = Degrees Celsius.

mg/L = Milligram(s) per liter.

S/cm = MicroSiemen(s) per centimeter.

pCi/L = PicoCuries per liter.

= Sigma (Standard Deviation).

PW = Porewater.

J = Estimated (+/- indicate bias).

U = Analyzed for but not detected at the reported value.

02/05/2014 021314-PW-FB-1 02/13/2014 020514-PW-EB1